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Journal articles on the topic 'Ferrochromium slag'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Eric, R. H. "Chromous capacities of ferrochromium and matte smelting slags." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 2, no. 93 (October 1, 2018): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7354.

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Purpose: of this paper is to extend the slag capacity concept to sparingly soluble cationic species encountered for example in matte smelting and ferrochromium processing in terms of chromous capacities. Design/methodology/approach: In this context in order to develop the chromous capacity the experimental data on slag-metal equilibrium for ferrochromium smelting and on chromium distribution between slag and matte phases encountered in sulphide smelting of PGM (Platinum Group Metals) and chromium containing copper nickel concentrates were used. Findings: The calculated chromous capacities were in the 10-8 range for ferrochrome smelting slags and 10-4 range for matte smelting slags. These values indicate the very low and moderate chromous ion dissolving ability of ferrochromium smelting slags and matte smelting slags respectively. Research limitations/implications: Due to highly reducing conditions in ferrochromium smelting and the imposed low oxygen partial pressures in sulphide smelting of chromium and PGM containing concentrates chromium in the slag was assumed to be in its divalent state. The slag-metal/matte reaction for dissolution of chromium into the slag as a cation under reducing conditions -in contrast to reactions for dissolution of species such as sulphur and phosphorus into the slag as anions under oxidizing conditions – required the release of electrons. Thus to maintain charge neutrality the dissolution of chromium from the metal or the matte phases into the slag as Cr2+ ions was accompanied by consumption of these electrons by reduction of Fe2+ ions in the slag into metallic Fe which dissolved in the metal/ matte phase. This was supported by the experimental equilibrium data. Hence the slagmetal/ matte reaction defining the chromous capacity involved both O2- and Fe2+ ions of the slag phase. Moreover for matte smelting the thermodynamic activities of species in the matte phase were assumed to conform to ideal associated solution model due to lack of data. For future work it is advisable to determine such activities. Practical implications: The calculated chromous capacities were in the 10-8 range for ferrochrome smelting slags and 10-4 range for matte smelting slags. The results clearly indicate that in matte smelting lower basicity slags would be preferable to render chromium more soluble in the slag in contrast to ferrochromium smelting where higher basicity slags would be suitable to minimize chromium losses to the slag. Originality/value: This research and hence the paper is probably the first on dissolution of chromium as chromous ion in slags, thus it is novel and original.

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2

Erdem, Mehmet, H. Soner Altundoğan, M. Deniz Turan, and Fikret Tümen. "Hexavalent chromium removal by ferrochromium slag." Journal of Hazardous Materials 126, no. 1-3 (November 2005): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.06.017.

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3

Wang, Shu Xuan, Ning Li, Fahong Wang, Bo Li, and Yulong Li. "Water-Soluble Cr (VI) of Solidification-Cured Process and Compressive Strength of Ferrochrome Slag Complex Cement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 1096–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1096.

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Ferrochrome slag, an essential component in stainless steel, is the by-product of ferrochromium production. The composition of the ferrochrome slag and leaching tests show that the chromium content, 3.68%, is high, although the data of leaching tests under normal conditions is very low. Leaching test was performed on an oscillating shaking table with ratio adjusted to 150r/min at L/S 8 and 80°C, during 5h. The maximum content of water-soluble Cr (Ⅵ) is 2.78μg/g (0.3475 mg/L) from ferrochromium slag under these conditions. The soluble (Cr6+ and Cr3+) content rise in the solidification process，with the increase of ferrochrome slag. The Water-soluble Cr (Cr6+ and Cr3+) under different cured times can’t be detected. The content of ferrochrome slag reached 10% is the best ratio by comprehensive consideration of water-soluble Cr (Ⅵ) of all processes, compressive strength and relevant national standards.

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4

Kascheev, Ivan D., Vladimir I. Zhuchkov, and Oleg V. Zayakin. "Forming and Utilizing Ferrochromium Production Waste." Materials Science Forum 989 (May 2020): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.492.

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Analysis of forming chromium-bearing ferroalloys production waste in Russian Federation was performed. Chemical, phase, fractional compositions and physico-chemical, technological properties of high-carbon ferrochromium slag were defined. Physico-chemical, thermo-mechanical and thermo-physical properties of fire-resistant materials, obtained from ferrochromium production slag and dust, were researched. It was shown that researched waste may be utilized as raw for fire-resistant materials production. Because of their chemical and phase composition, researched materials may be utilized for production of forsterite-spinel-based and forsterite-spinel-periclase-based fire-resistant materials. Technological properties of researched materials allow obtaining dense strength fire-resistant materials. Such fire-resistant materials are promising in the field of ferrous metallurgy (lining up furnaces, ladles and overflow launders in ferroalloys production).

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5

Kukurugya, Frantisek, Peter Nielsen, and Liesbeth Horckmans. "Up-Concentration of Chromium in Stainless Steel Slag and Ferrochromium Slags by Magnetic and Gravity Separation." Minerals 10, no. 10 (October 12, 2020): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10100906.

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Slags coming from stainless steel (SS) and ferrochromium (FeCr) production generally contain between 1 and 10% Cr, mostly present in entrapped metallic particles (Fe–Cr alloys) and in spinel structures. To recover Cr from these slags, magnetic and gravity separation techniques were tested for up-concentrating Cr in a fraction for further processing. In case of SS slag and low carbon (LC) FeCr slag a wet high intensity magnetic separation can up-concentrate Cr in the SS slag (fraction <150 µm) from 2.3 wt.% to almost 9 wt.% with a yield of 7 wt.%, and in the LC FeCr slag from 3.1 wt.% to 11 wt.% with a yield of 3 wt.%. Different behavior of Cr-containing spinel’s in the two slag types observed during magnetic separation can be explained by the presence or absence of Fe in the lattice of the Cr-containing spinel’s, which affects their magnetic susceptibility. The Cr content of the concentrates is low compared to chromium ores, indicating that additional processing steps are necessary for a recovery process. In the case of high carbon (HC) FeCr slag, a Cr up-concentration by a factor of more than three (from 9 wt.% to 28 wt.%) can be achieved on the as received slag, after a single dry low intensity magnetic separation step, due to the well-liberated Cr-rich compounds present in this slag. After gravity separation of the HC FeCr slag, a fraction with a Cr content close to high grade Cr ores (≥50% Cr2O3) can be obtained. This fraction represents 12 wt.% of the HC FeCr slag, and can probably be used directly in traditional smelting processes.

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6

Sahu, Nilamadhaba, Arijit Biswas, and Gajanan U. Kapure. "A Short Review on Utilization of Ferrochromium Slag." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 37, no. 4 (March 23, 2016): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827508.2016.1168415.

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7

Vlasova, S. G., and T. E. Brylina. "Green Container Glass Based on Ferrochromium Industrial Slag." Glass and Ceramics 62, no. 9-10 (September 2005): 276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10717-005-0090-5.

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8

Ge, X., S. Jin, M. Zhang, X. Wang, and S. Seetharaman. "Synthesis of chromium and ferrochromium alloy in molten salts by the electro-reduction method." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 51, no. 2 (2015): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb141222022g.

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In this work, we successfully applied the Fray-Farthing-Chen Cambridge electro-reduction process on the preparation of chromium from chromium oxide, and for the first time, the synthesis of ferrochromium alloy from chromium oxide and iron oxide mixture and the chromite ore in molten calcium chloride. The present work systematically investigated the influences of sintered temperature of the solid precursor, electrochemical potential, electrolysis temperature and time on the products by using a set of advanced characterization techniques, including XRD and SEM/EDS analyses. In particular, our results show that this process is energy-friendly and technically-feasible for the direct extraction of ferrochromium alloy from chromite ore. Our findings thus provide useful insights for designing a novel green process to produce ferrochromium alloy from low-grade chromite ore or stainless steel slag.

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9

Cay, Vedat Veli, Mucahit Sutcu, Osman Gencel, and Turgay Korkut. "Neutron Radiation Tests about FeCr Slag and Natural Zeolite Loaded Brick Samples." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/971490.

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Neutron shielding performances of new brick samples are investigated. Brick samples including 10, 20, and 30 percentages of ferrochromium slag (FeCr waste) and natural zeolite are prepared and mechanical properties are obtained. Total macroscopic cross sections are calculated by using results of 4.5 MeV neutron transmission experiments. As a result, neutron shielding capacity of brick samples increases with increasing FeCr slag and natural zeolite percentages. This information could be useful in the area of neutron shielding.

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10

Coetzer, G., E. W. Giesekke, and R. N. Guest. "Hexavalent Chromium in the Recovery of Ferrochromium from Slag." Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 36, no. 4 (October 1997): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/cmq.1997.36.4.261.

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11

Jansson, Ake, Voicu Brabie, Endre Fabo, and Sune Jansson. "Slag formation and its role in the ferrochromium production." Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy 31, no. 5 (October 2002): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0692.2002.10520.x.

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12

Gencel, Osman, Mucahit Sutcu, Ertugrul Erdogmus, Vahdettin Koc, Vedat Veli Cay, and Mustafa Sabri Gok. "Properties of bricks with waste ferrochromium slag and zeolite." Journal of Cleaner Production 59 (November 2013): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.06.055.

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13

Salihpasaoglu, Fatih, and Ozkan Sengul. "Use of waste ferrochromium slag as aggregate in concrete." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 22, no. 6 (August 2, 2020): 2048–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-020-01091-6.

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14

YILMAZ, Altan, and Mustafa KARAŞAHİN. "Compressive strength of cement-bound base layers containing ferrochromium slag." TURKISH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 37 (2013): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/muh-1204-10.

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15

Sahu, Nilamadhaba, Arijit Biswas, and Gajanan U. Kapure. "Development of Refractory Material from Water Quenched Granulated Ferrochromium Slag." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 37, no. 4 (May 11, 2016): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827508.2016.1181630.

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16

Qiu, Boxin, Weixia Dong, Ting Luo, and Xingyong Gu. "Preparation and characterization of green glazes using ferrochromium slag waste." Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society 56, no. 4 (July 23, 2020): 1625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41779-020-00499-5.

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17

Yılmaz, A., M. Karaşahin, T. Edil, and S. W. Dean. "Use of Ferrochromium Slag as an Artificial Aggregate in Pavement Layers." Journal of ASTM International 9, no. 1 (2012): 103666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai103666.

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18

Yılmaz, Altan, and Mustafa Karaşahin. "Mechanical properties of ferrochromium slag in granular layers of flexible pavements." Materials and Structures 43, no. 3 (March 8, 2009): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-009-9490-2.

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19

Bai, Zhitao, Guibo Qiu, Changsheng Yue, Min Guo, and Mei Zhang. "Crystallization kinetics of glass–ceramics prepared from high-carbon ferrochromium slag." Ceramics International 42, no. 16 (December 2016): 19329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.09.102.

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20

Zelić, J. "Properties of concrete pavements prepared with ferrochromium slag as concrete aggregate." Cement and Concrete Research 35, no. 12 (December 2005): 2340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.11.019.

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21

Liu, Chuanbei, Laibao Liu, Kefeng Tan, Lihua Zhang, Kaijing Tang, and Xianpan Shi. "Fabrication and characterization of porous cordierite ceramics prepared from ferrochromium slag." Ceramics International 42, no. 1 (January 2016): 734–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.08.174.

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22

Demir, Orhan, and Rauf Hurman Eric. "Rate and Mechanism of Reduction-Dissolution of Chromite in Liquid Slags." High Temperature Materials and Processes 32, no. 3 (June 14, 2013): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2012-0133.

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AbstractThe dissolution of chromite from the Bushveld Complex of South Africa in liquid slags was studied in the temperature range 1550° to 1665°C under argon gas. The slag compositions were similar to those of ferrochromium production and stainless steel making. Empirical relations between the slag composition and the dissolution of chromite were established through the use of a statistical model. The dissolution process was investigated by using the rotating cylinder technique and measured by the chemical analysis of the samples taken from the melt and the SEM-EDAX analysis of the reacted chromite cylinder samples. The chromite grains were depleted in iron and chromium as the dissolution progressed, leaving behind an alumina and magnesia rich spinel. The experimental data was evaluated by using kinetic models and mass transfer coefficients of chromium, iron and oxygen ions through the phase boundary between the solid chromite cylinder and the liquid slag were determined.The dissolution of chromite in liquid slags increases with increasing stirring rate. SEM-EDAX studies on the reacted chromite cylinders showed that coring took place within the chromite grains subjected to dissolution for sufficient length of time. Chromium and iron concentrations in the chromite were decreasing from the centre towards the surface of the grains while aluminum and magnesium contents were increasing at the edges compared to the centre of the chromite grains. Furthermore, the slag rich in alumina and magnesia diffuses in bulk into the chromite with a net result of increase in the concentration of these elements.The rate of dissolution of chromite in liquid slags was found to be controlled by the mass transfer of oxygen ions (O2−) through the liquid phase boundary between the solid chromite and the liquid slag. The activation energy for the mass transfer of O2− ions was calculated as 30.61 kCal/mol (128.07 kJ/mol).

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23

Bai, Zhitao, Guibo Qiu, Ben Peng, Min Guo, and Mei Zhang. "Synthesis and characterization of glass-ceramics prepared from high-carbon ferrochromium slag." RSC Advances 6, no. 58 (2016): 52715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra06245h.

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The HCFS-based glass-ceramics have been successfully prepared from high carbon ferrochrome slag and waste glass by two-stage heat treatment. The grain size, porosity, microhardness, and bending strength of the glass-ceramics are investigated.

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24

Wei, Minghua, Shaopeng Wu, Peide Cui, Tianyuan Yang, and Yang Lv. "Thermal Exchange and Skid Resistance of Chip Seal with Various Aggregate Types and Morphologies." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 8192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228192.

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Steel slag, the by-product of steelmaking, is a desirable alternative material for natural aggregate. However, there are few studies applying steel slag in the preventive maintenance of asphalt pavements, especially chip seal. The main objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of applying steel slag in chip seal and the effect of steel slag on the thermal exchange and aggregate retention properties. Furthermore, the surface features, including texture depth and skid resistance. of chip seal were also evaluated. The results show that the thermal exchange performances of chip seal vary with aggregate types. The ranking of the chip seal samples according to the cooling rate places ferrochromium (FER) slag as the fastest and basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag as the slowest, with the basalt (BS) falling in between. The use of FER slag can make the chip seal resume traffic about ten minutes earlier than original samples. The skid resistance and texture depth of FER slag meet the requirements of the specification, although they are less than those of ordinary aggregates. Moreover, FER slag has a better aggregate retention performance than BOF slag and BS due to its spherical particles and alkaline surface. The application of steel slag in chip seal can recycle industrial waste, reduce the consumption of natural resources and promote economic pavement maintenance technology.

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25

Kucuk, Yilmaz, Mecit Oge, Mustafa Sabri Gok, and Abdullah Cahit Karaoglanli. "Ferrochromium slag as a protective coating material against oxidation for caster rolls." International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology 15, no. 5 (February 17, 2018): 1240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijac.12875.

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26

Pashkeev, I. Yu, A. I. Pashkeev, and V. N. Vlasov. "Sulfur distribution between a slag and a metal in melting of carbon ferrochromium." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2011, no. 12 (December 2011): 1138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029511120135.

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27

Sariyev, O. R., Z. B. Musabekov, and M. S. Dossekenov. "Disposal of slag of refined ferrochromium by obtaining a sintered and carbonized construction products." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 4, no. 311 (December 15, 2019): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2019/6445.35.

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28

Ren, Yuhan, Qiang Ren, Xiulan Wu, Jinle Zheng, and Ou Hai. "Recycling of solid wastes ferrochromium slag for preparation of eco-friendly high-strength spinel–corundum ceramics." Materials Chemistry and Physics 239 (January 2020): 122060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2019.122060.

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29

Korkut, Turgay, Osman Gencel, Erol Kam, and Witold Brostow. "X-Ray, Gamma, and Neutron Radiation Tests on Epoxy-Ferrochromium Slag Composites by Experiments and Monte Carlo Simulations." International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 18, no. 3 (April 2013): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023666x.2013.755658.

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30

Ardelean, Erika, Marius Ardelean, Teodor Hepuț, and Florin Drăgoi. "Research on Increasing the Nitrogen Removal Efficiency by Changing the Secondary Treatment Parameters." Solid State Phenomena 216 (August 2014): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.216.267.

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The existence of gases in the solid metals (hydrogen and nitrogen) assumes the presence of these gases in metals even before solidification, respectively in the elaboration, secondary treatment and casting phases. Usually, great amounts of gases dissolved in steels can be detected, between 3.5-8ppm for hydrogen and 0.02-0.03% for nitrogen, respectively. There are also cases when the purpose is to alloy with nitrogen, this being the case of austenitic stainless steels where the nitrogen content can reach 0.5% using ferrochromium or ferromanganese alloyed with nitrogen in 3-5.5 %. The main method of removing these gases is bubbling with inert gases and /or treating the steel in a vacuum facility. The paper presents a study regarding increasing the removal efficiency of nitrogen from the liquid steel by changing the bubbling parameters (flow, pressure, duration) but also the basicity of the refining slag. The equations of the regression surface and the identified fields are of a real help for the technologists, allowing quick decisions but they are also important for the quality of the metallic products [.

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31

Zhang, Lihua, Yunsheng Zhang, Chuanbei Liu, Laibao Liu, and Kaijing Tang. "Study on microstructure and bond strength of interfacial transition zone between cement paste and high-performance lightweight aggregates prepared from ferrochromium slag." Construction and Building Materials 142 (July 2017): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.083.

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32

Hu, Shaoyan, Rong Zhu, Kai Dong, Runzao Liu, and Nan Jiang. "Simulation and experimental research on top blown burner lance used for chrome ore smelting reduction process." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 5 (2018): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018038.

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Chrome ore smelting reduction process in converter for crude stainless steel production has won increasing attention because of utilizing cheap chrome ore as raw material instead of ferrochromium alloy, which can reduce the production cost significantly. Thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms of chrome ore smelting reduction have been well investigated by previous studies. How to improve the dissolution rate and reduction rate of chrome ore in actual production is the key problem of industrial application. In this paper, a method of using combustion flame to convey chrome ore powder was studied. Numerical simulation works were carried out to study the structure of top blown burner lance blowing propane combustion flame and chrome ore powder simultaneously. Optimal design of burner lance was confirmed and made for experiment. Flame measurement experiment was carried out to study the flame characteristics before and after powder addition, indicating that the addition of powder helps to prolong the flame length. Then a pilot experiment of chrome ore smelting reduction was carried out in a 0.5 ton submerged arc furnace, metallurgical effects under conditions with and without combustion flame were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the combustion flame can not only preheat the chrome ore powder, but also heat the molten slag of impact zone, obtaining better reaction rate and higher chrome ore yield.

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33

Dehghan, Saeed, Koroush Shahriar, Parviz Maarefvand, and Kamran Goshtasbi. "The Effect of Chromite Slag as a Binder Agent on Stress-Strain Behaviour of Cemented Tailing Backfill in Compression, a Case Study: Faryab Chromite Mine / Wpływ dodatku żużla zawierającego spoiwo w postaci chromitu na wytrzymałość na ściskanie materiału podsadzkowego zawierającego odpady pogórnicze z dodatkiem cementu. studium przypadku: kopalnia chromitu (żelaziaka chromowego) w faryab." Archives of Mining Sciences 58, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2013-0013.

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Due to improving the environmental aspect and reduce the backfilling cost, the Faryab mine carry out researches into the replacement of cement by chromite slag. The test samples consisted of tailing from the washing plant of Faryab mine and different binders such as Portland cement, Pozzolanic cement and different combinations of Portland cement with chromite slag. The chromite slag produced by Ferrochromite refinery plant of this mine. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the findings from extensive laboratory test programs carried out to determine the effects of chromite slag on mechanical properties of cemented tailing backfills (CTB). The results show that chromite slag improves the mechanical properties of CTB samples. Also, the results indicate that chromite slag can be used as a replaceable material with cement and reduced 2-3% consumption of cement in 1 m3 of backfill mixes. In addition, improving the environmental conditions can be achieved by reducing the cement content and moving tailing and chromite slag to underground stopes.

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34

Jak, E., B. Zhao, and P. Hayes. "Phase equilibria and viscosities in ferrochromium smelting slags." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy 120, no. 4 (November 2011): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743285511y.0000000008.

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35

Spooren, Jeroen, Eunyoung Kim, Liesbeth Horckmans, Kris Broos, Peter Nielsen, and Mieke Quaghebeur. "In-situ chromium and vanadium recovery of landfilled ferrochromium and stainless steel slags." Chemical Engineering Journal 303 (November 2016): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.05.128.

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36

Hejny, Clivia, Volker Kahlenberg, Daniela Schmidmair, Martina Tribus, and Johan deVilliers. "β-alumina-14H and β-alumina-21R: Two chromic Na2-δ(Al,Mg,Cr)17O25 polysomes observed in slags from the production of low-carbon ferrochromium." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 241 (September 2016): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2016.05.038.

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37

Hattingh, J., and JFC Friend. "Environmental and economic implications of slag disposal practices by the ferrochromium industry : a case study." Water SA 29, no. 1 (March 8, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v29i1.4941.

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38

Sekhar Biswal, Sudhansu, Chittaranjan Panda, Sudarsan Sahoo, Trilochan Jena, and Kishor Chandra Panda. "Assessment of factors influencing the elution of chromium from ferrochromium slag using factorial design of experiment." Materials Today: Proceedings, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.171.

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