Dissertations / Theses: 'Ferrofluids'

1

Hejazian, Majid. "Magnetofluidics for Enhancement of Heat and Mass Transfer in Microscale." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366857.

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Magnetofluidics is the science and technology that combine magnetism and fluid dynamics to modify transport phenomena for a variety of applications. Magnetofluidics often works with conventional microfluidics to take advantage of the small size, the low cost and the low consumption of sample for chemical and biological studies. Magnetofluidics has been used for actuation and manipulation of fluid flow and suspended particles or cells in microfluidic devices. The use of bio-compatible ferrofluids as a paramagnetic carrier fluid in the field of microfluidics has attracted great interest recently. Ferrofluid is a colloidal liquid made of ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic nanoparticles suspended in a carrier fluid. In the presence of a magnetic field, a ferrofluid becomes strongly magnetized. Thus, a small amount of samples containing ferrofluid could be manipulated for applications such as mixing, pumping, sorting of particles and cells, enhancement of heat and mass transfer phenomena and chemical reactions. On the other hand, magnetic force can be induced wirelessly and is suitable for biological studies as it sustains cell viability. Therefore, the combination of magnetofluidics and microfluidics has proven to be a low cost, efficient and versatile technology for a number of applications.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Natural Sciences
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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2

Daffé, Niéli. "Anisotropies and Magnetic Couplings of Texturable Ferrofluids." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066640/document.

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Les ferrofluides sont des suspensions colloïdales de nanoparticules magnétiques dispersées dans un liquide porteur. La possibilité de moduler les propriétés des ferrofluides in situ en appliquant un champ magnétique externe leur procure un fort potentiel d’étude, à la fois d’un point de vue fondamental ou pour des applications industrielles variées. En particulier, les nanospinels de ferrite ferrimagnétiques MFe2O4 (M = Fe2+, Co2+, Mn2+…) sont largement étudiés pour leurs propriétés électriques et magnétiques. Plus spécifiquement, une forte énergie d’anisotropie de ces matériaux à l’échelle nanométrique est requise pour des applications dans le stockage de l’information ou l’hyperthermie pour lesquels ils sont considérés. Une connaissance fine des mécanismes régissant ces propriétés d’anisotropies magnétiques est ainsi primordiale pour la création de nouveaux objets aux propriétés magnétiques contrôlées à l’échelle nanométrique. L’originalité de notre approche consiste à utiliser une technique fine du magnétisme, le dichroïsme magnétique circulaire des rayons X (XMCD) à l’étude des anisotropies et couplages magnétiques des nanospinels composants les ferrofluides. Au cours de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à différentes stratégies possibles pour induire une forte énergie d’anisotropie aux nanospinels de ferrite par l’utilisation de cobalt. Des nanoparticules de tailles et compositions variées ont été obtenues par différentes voies de synthèse, et nous démontrons que l’anisotropie magnétique de ces systèmes est fortement gouvernée par la symétrie de site du Co2+ en structure spinel qui peut être directement corrélé au processus de synthèse utilisé. Nous nous sommes aussi intéressés à l’ordre et au couplage magnétique de ferrite spinels structurés en coeur-coquille, dont le cœur et la coquille sont réalisés à partir de matériaux aux propriétés magnétiques intrinsèques différentes. Nous montrons ainsi que pour des nanospinels MnFe2O4@CoFe2O4, la très fine coquille formée de CoFe2O4 impose une forte anisotropie magnétique au cœur doux de MnFe2O4. Enfin, nous nous sommes intéressés à une troisième classe de ferrofluide à base de nanospinels, les ferrofluides binaires, constitué d’un mélange physique de ferrofluides aux propriétés magnétiques intrinsèques différentes. Pour de tels systèmes, il est essentiel de préserver le liquide porteur du ferrofluide pour ne pas dénaturer les interactions entre particules existantes. L’un des objectifs de cette thèse fut donc d’étendre la technique du XMCD à l’étude d’échantillons de ferrofluides in situ, dans leur phase liquide ou gelée. Nous avons débuté la conception d’une cellule liquide compatible avec les rayons X mous et un environnement ultra-vide sur la ligne de lumière DEIMOS (SOLEIL) qui est toujours en développement
Ferrofluids are colloidal suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in a carrier liquid. The intimate interaction between the magnetic nanoparticles and the liquid provides a unique system, from both fundamental and industrial application point of views, whose flow and properties can be precisely controlled using an external magnetic field. Magnetic nanoparticles of spinel ferrites MFe2O4 (M = Fe2+, Co2+, Mn2+…) are of particular scientific interest and have been extensively studied for their electrical and magnetic properties. Spinel ferrites find potential applications, notably in storage devices, for computers, or hyperthermia, for cancer treatment, where high magnetic anisotropy energies are required at the nanoscale. However, deeper knowledges of the fine mechanisms playing a significant role on the magnetic anisotropies existing in the nanospinels are necessary to help the creation of rationalized materials with controlled magnetic anisotropies for the requirement of the system. In this thesis, we have used X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD) as an original approach for probing the magnetic anisotropies and magnetic couplings of nanospinels obtained in ferrofluids. The nanoparticles are iron bearing spinels for which cobalt ions have been introduced in the spinel structure of the nanoparticles as a true makers of magnetic anisotropy. First, magnetic nanospinels have been synthesized by tuning their size and composition and using different synthesis processes. XMCD investigations revealed that the coercive field of the nanospinels is governed by the concentration of Co2+ ions sitting in octahedral sites of the spinel structure, and this can be directly linked to some synthesis parameters. Then, we have investigated core@shell nanoparticles, which can be synthesized with an appropriate choice of magnetic anisotropies for the core and the shell in order to tailor optimal magnetic properties. In the case of MnFe2O4@CoFe2O4, our findings reveal that the very thin CoFe2O4 shell imposes a strong magnetic anisotropy to the otherwise very soft MnFe2O4 core. The other class of ferrofluids that has been investigated during this thesis are binary ferrofluids that are constituted of two different types of magnetic nanoparticles. For such systems, the carrier liquid must be preserved to understand the magnetic interactions in the ferrofluid as they are. Another motivation of this thesis was thus to extend XMCD to the in situ investigation of the nanospinels dispersed in ferrofluids. We have been started a liquid cell development in the DEIMOS beamline at SOLEIL. The setup is still in progress and is aimed at being compatible with soft X-Rays short penetration depth and ultra-high vacuum environment. Hard X-ray photon-in/photon-out spectroscopy coupled to XMCD (1s2p RIXS-MCD) can be a very valuable alternative to soft X-ray XMCD at K-edge of 3d elements when liquid cell sample environment is required. The instrumental development of a liquid cell used with 1s2p RIXS-MCD spectroscopy allowed us to investigate the nanoparticles directly in the ferrofluids revealing interparticles magnetic couplings in binary ferrofluids

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3

Khelfallah, Malika. "Magnetic properties of ferrofluids of self-assembled nano-magnets." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS502.

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Cette thèse a pour objectif principal d'explorer les effets de l’assemblage créé par les interactions magnétiques dipolaires entre des nanoparticules magnétiques en suspension colloïdales dans un liquide (ferrofluide) sur les propriétés magnétiques de ce ferrofluide. Ce travail se base sur la caractérisation approfondie de ferrofluides constitués de nanoparticules en forme de fleurs composées de matériaux magnétiques durs tels que la ferrite de cobalt (CoFe2O4), ou de matériaux magnétiques mous comme la ferrite de manganèse (MnFe2O4) et la maghémite (γ-Fe2O3). Les propriétés magnétiques de ces ferrofluides ont été mesurées à l'aide de magnétométrie classique, mettant en évidence l'influence significative de la composition chimique des nanoparticules sur les caractéristiques macroscopiques du ferrofluide. De plus, je me suis intéressée à la structuration des nanoparticules dans le ferrofluide liquide, en observant des particules isolées ainsi que la formation d'assemblages et d'agrégats, grâce à une méthode de Microscopie Electronique en Transmission cryogénique, avec un protocole développé spécifiquement pendant la thèse. L'impact de la morphologie des nanoparticules sur leurs propriétés magnétiques a été exploré grâce à la tomographie, imagerie en trois dimensions des nanoparticules, en collaboration avec le laboratoire IPCMS de Strasbourg. À l'échelle nanométrique, les propriétés magnétiques des assemblages ont été mesurées au moyen de l'holographie électronique, en collaboration avec le laboratoire CEMES de Toulouse. L'introduction des ferrofluides binaires, définis comme des mélanges de ferrofluides composés de nanoparticules de matériaux magnétiques durs et mous, a permis d'explorer de nouvelles interactions magnétiques dipolaires. Ces matériaux permettent de créer des ferrofluides aux propriétés nouvelles pouvant présenter un intérêt pour des applications biomédicales. Ces ferrofluides binaires ont révélé des propriétés magnétiques globales originales qui diffèrent de la simple addition des propriétés individuelles des ferrofluides originels. En outre, l'organisation des nanoparticules dans le ferrofluide binaire a été minutieusement étudiée en utilisant la spectroscopie chimiquement sélective et résolue spatialement par microscopie à rayons X en transmission sur la ligne HERMES du synchrotron SOLEIL, permettant d'obtenir des cartographies chimiques d’assemblages de nanoparticules de CoFe2O4 et de MnFe2O4. La séparation des contributions magnétiques des deux types de nanoparticules composant le ferrofluide binaire a été réalisée à l'aide d’une technique de magnétométrie appelée diagramme de FORC (First Order Reversal Curve), en collaboration avec le laboratoire IPGP. Les diagrammes de FORC ont permis d’identifier et d’évaluer l’influence des nanoparticules de CoFe2O4 sur le comportement magnétique des nanoparticules de MnFe2O4 dans le ferrofluide binaire. De plus, des mesures de courbes d’aimantation chimiquement sélective par spectroscopie ont été réalisées grâce à une cellule liquide permettant une mesure in-situ des ferrofluides, avec des expériences menées sur la ligne GALAXIES du synchrotron SOLEIL. Enfin, une comparaison des propriétés magnétiques de différents ferrofluides binaires a été entreprise, en variant le ratio entre matériau magnétique dur et mou, la composition du matériau mou ainsi que la taille des nanoparticules, offrant ainsi une perspective complète sur les possibilités de conception et d'optimisation de ces matériaux magnétiques avancés. Cette thèse établit une relation significative entre la structuration des nanoparticules dans le ferrofluide et leurs propriétés magnétiques
The main objective of this thesis is to explore the effects of the assembly caused by dipolar magnetic interactions between magnetic nanoparticles suspended in a liquid (so-called ferrofluid) on the magnetic properties of this ferrofluid. It is based on the in-depth characterization of ferrofluids made up of flower-shaped nanoparticles composed of hard magnetic materials such as cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4), or soft magnetic materials such as manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) and maghemite (γ- Fe2O3). The magnetic properties of these ferrofluids were measured using standard magnetometry methods, highlighting the significant influence of the chemical composition of the nanoparticles on the macroscopic characteristics of the ferrofluid. In addition, this research focused on the structuring of nanoparticles in liquid ferrofluid, by observing isolated particles, as well as the formation of assemblies and aggregates, using a cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy method, with a protocol developed specifically during the thesis. The impact of nanoparticle morphology on their magnetic properties was explored using tomography, three-dimensional imaging of nanoparticles, in collaboration with the IPCMS laboratory in Strasbourg. At the nanoscale, the magnetic properties of the assemblies were measured using electron holography, in collaboration with the CEMES laboratory in Toulouse. The study of binary ferrofluids, defined as ferrofluid mixtures composed of nanoparticles of hard and soft magnetic materials, has enabled new dipolar magnetic interactions to be explored. These new materials allow creating ferrofluids with novel properties that may be of interest for biomedical applications. These binary ferrofluids have revealed original bulk magnetic properties that differ from the simple addition of the individual properties of the original ferrofluids. In addition, the organization of nanoparticles in the binary ferrofluid has been meticulously studied using chemically selective and spatially resolved transmission X-ray microscopy on the HERMES beamline at the SOLEIL synchrotron, yielding chemical mappings of CoFe2O4 and MnFe2O4 nanoparticle assemblies. The separation of the magnetic contributions of the two types of nanoparticles composing the binary ferrofluid was achieved using a magnetometry technique known as the FORC (First Order Reversal Curve) diagram, in collaboration with the IPGP laboratory. FORC diagrams were used to assess the influence of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles on the magnetic behavior of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles in the binary ferrofluid. In addition, spectroscopic measurements of chemically selective magnetization curves were carried out using a liquid cell for in-situ ferrofluid measurements, with experiments carried out on the GALAXIES beamline at the SOLEIL synchrotron. Finally, a comparison of the magnetic properties of different binary ferrofluids was undertaken, by varying the ratio between hard and soft magnetic components, the composition of the soft material as well as the size of the nanoparticles, thus providing a comprehensive perspective on the design and optimization possibilities of these advanced magnetic materials. This thesis establishes a significant relationship between the structuring of nanoparticles in ferrofluid and their magnetic properties

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4

Daffé, Niéli. "Anisotropies and Magnetic Couplings of Texturable Ferrofluids." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066640.pdf.

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Les ferrofluides sont des suspensions colloïdales de nanoparticules magnétiques dispersées dans un liquide porteur. La possibilité de moduler les propriétés des ferrofluides in situ en appliquant un champ magnétique externe leur procure un fort potentiel d’étude, à la fois d’un point de vue fondamental ou pour des applications industrielles variées. En particulier, les nanospinels de ferrite ferrimagnétiques MFe2O4 (M = Fe2+, Co2+, Mn2+…) sont largement étudiés pour leurs propriétés électriques et magnétiques. Plus spécifiquement, une forte énergie d’anisotropie de ces matériaux à l’échelle nanométrique est requise pour des applications dans le stockage de l’information ou l’hyperthermie pour lesquels ils sont considérés. Une connaissance fine des mécanismes régissant ces propriétés d’anisotropies magnétiques est ainsi primordiale pour la création de nouveaux objets aux propriétés magnétiques contrôlées à l’échelle nanométrique. L’originalité de notre approche consiste à utiliser une technique fine du magnétisme, le dichroïsme magnétique circulaire des rayons X (XMCD) à l’étude des anisotropies et couplages magnétiques des nanospinels composants les ferrofluides. Au cours de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à différentes stratégies possibles pour induire une forte énergie d’anisotropie aux nanospinels de ferrite par l’utilisation de cobalt. Des nanoparticules de tailles et compositions variées ont été obtenues par différentes voies de synthèse, et nous démontrons que l’anisotropie magnétique de ces systèmes est fortement gouvernée par la symétrie de site du Co2+ en structure spinel qui peut être directement corrélé au processus de synthèse utilisé. Nous nous sommes aussi intéressés à l’ordre et au couplage magnétique de ferrite spinels structurés en coeur-coquille, dont le cœur et la coquille sont réalisés à partir de matériaux aux propriétés magnétiques intrinsèques différentes. Nous montrons ainsi que pour des nanospinels MnFe2O4@CoFe2O4, la très fine coquille formée de CoFe2O4 impose une forte anisotropie magnétique au cœur doux de MnFe2O4. Enfin, nous nous sommes intéressés à une troisième classe de ferrofluide à base de nanospinels, les ferrofluides binaires, constitué d’un mélange physique de ferrofluides aux propriétés magnétiques intrinsèques différentes. Pour de tels systèmes, il est essentiel de préserver le liquide porteur du ferrofluide pour ne pas dénaturer les interactions entre particules existantes. L’un des objectifs de cette thèse fut donc d’étendre la technique du XMCD à l’étude d’échantillons de ferrofluides in situ, dans leur phase liquide ou gelée. Nous avons débuté la conception d’une cellule liquide compatible avec les rayons X mous et un environnement ultra-vide sur la ligne de lumière DEIMOS (SOLEIL) qui est toujours en développement
Ferrofluids are colloidal suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in a carrier liquid. The intimate interaction between the magnetic nanoparticles and the liquid provides a unique system, from both fundamental and industrial application point of views, whose flow and properties can be precisely controlled using an external magnetic field. Magnetic nanoparticles of spinel ferrites MFe2O4 (M = Fe2+, Co2+, Mn2+…) are of particular scientific interest and have been extensively studied for their electrical and magnetic properties. Spinel ferrites find potential applications, notably in storage devices, for computers, or hyperthermia, for cancer treatment, where high magnetic anisotropy energies are required at the nanoscale. However, deeper knowledges of the fine mechanisms playing a significant role on the magnetic anisotropies existing in the nanospinels are necessary to help the creation of rationalized materials with controlled magnetic anisotropies for the requirement of the system. In this thesis, we have used X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD) as an original approach for probing the magnetic anisotropies and magnetic couplings of nanospinels obtained in ferrofluids. The nanoparticles are iron bearing spinels for which cobalt ions have been introduced in the spinel structure of the nanoparticles as a true makers of magnetic anisotropy. First, magnetic nanospinels have been synthesized by tuning their size and composition and using different synthesis processes. XMCD investigations revealed that the coercive field of the nanospinels is governed by the concentration of Co2+ ions sitting in octahedral sites of the spinel structure, and this can be directly linked to some synthesis parameters. Then, we have investigated core@shell nanoparticles, which can be synthesized with an appropriate choice of magnetic anisotropies for the core and the shell in order to tailor optimal magnetic properties. In the case of MnFe2O4@CoFe2O4, our findings reveal that the very thin CoFe2O4 shell imposes a strong magnetic anisotropy to the otherwise very soft MnFe2O4 core. The other class of ferrofluids that has been investigated during this thesis are binary ferrofluids that are constituted of two different types of magnetic nanoparticles. For such systems, the carrier liquid must be preserved to understand the magnetic interactions in the ferrofluid as they are. Another motivation of this thesis was thus to extend XMCD to the in situ investigation of the nanospinels dispersed in ferrofluids. We have been started a liquid cell development in the DEIMOS beamline at SOLEIL. The setup is still in progress and is aimed at being compatible with soft X-Rays short penetration depth and ultra-high vacuum environment. Hard X-ray photon-in/photon-out spectroscopy coupled to XMCD (1s2p RIXS-MCD) can be a very valuable alternative to soft X-ray XMCD at K-edge of 3d elements when liquid cell sample environment is required. The instrumental development of a liquid cell used with 1s2p RIXS-MCD spectroscopy allowed us to investigate the nanoparticles directly in the ferrofluids revealing interparticles magnetic couplings in binary ferrofluids

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Odenbach, Stefan. "Biodistribution magnetischer Nanopartikel in der Krebstherapie." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1223717775507-68325.

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Suspensionen magnetischer Nanopartikel – sogenannte Ferrofluide – haben in den vergangenen Jahren große Bedeutung bezüglich ihrer technischen Anwendung gewonnen. Parallel zur Entwicklung des technischen Einsatzes wird auch seit langer Zeit die Möglichkeit einer Verwendung in der Krebstherapie diskutiert. Allerdings haben Tierversuche gezeigt, dass für den erfolgreichen Übergang in klinische Studien noch wesentliche offene Fragen geklärt werden müssen, wobei die Biodistribution der magnetischen Partikel im Tumor und im gesamten behandelten Organismus eine der zu klärenden Kernfragen darstellt. Normalerweise werden hierfür histologische Schnitte durchgeführt, die jedoch nur lokale, zweidimensionale Informationen liefern. Einen detaillierten Einblick in die Verteilung bietet die Röntgen-Mikrotomografie, deren Einsatz bereits eine Reihe wesentlicher Erkenntnisse in diesem Zusammenhang erbracht hat
Suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles – commonly called ferrofluids – are nowadays widely used in technical applications. Parallel to this development, it has been discussed for a long time whether these fluids could be used in cancer treatment. In this context, animal experiments have shown that there are still a number of fundamental questions to be clarified before proceeding to clinical tests. One of these points concerns determination of the biodistribution of the magnetic particles, both in the tumour tissue and in the organism as a whole. The standard determination method involves histological sections, but this provides only local, two-dimensional information. A much more detailed insight into the distribution of the particles can be obtained by means of x-ray microtomography, a method which has meanwhile already provided extensive and valuable information in this context

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Bentley, Caroline. "Optical and microwave properties of ferrofluids." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290411.

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Лютий, Тарас Володимирович, Тарас Владимирович Лютый, Taras Volodymyrovych Liutyi, Олександр Юрійович Поляков, Александр Юрьевич Поляков, Oleksandr Yuriiovych Poliakov, S. Denisov, and P. Hanggi. "Technique of the Fast Ferrofluids Simulation." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35341.

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We present a highly-parallel implementation of the Langevin simulation method for modeling ferrofluids on Graphical Processor Units (GPU). Our method is based on the Barnes-Hut algorithm. As a benchmark we use the straightforward 'all-to-all interaction' algorithm. The obtained results are in good agreement with known theoretical model. With the proposed method we were able to follow the evolution of a system of one million interacting particles over long time-scales, the task hitherto is out of reach with the standard, CPU-based numerical schemes. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35341

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Arantes, Fabiana Rodrigues. "Sistemas de nanopartículas magnéticas: estudos experimentais e simulações Monte Carlo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-26012015-111206/.

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Nesta tese apresentamos um estudo do comportamento magnético de sistemas de nanopartículas por meio de medidas experimentais e simulações Monte Carlo. Estudamos o papel das interações entre partículas experimentalmente a baixas temperaturas em amostras de ferrofluidos comerciais por meio de curvas ZFC-FC, delta m e diagramas FORC. Observamos nas curvas ZFC-FC o fenômeno de super-resfriamento e transições de fase do estado sólido para o líquido em ferrofluidos. Para amostras de cristais líquidos dopados com nanopartículas magnéticas, observamos a transição entre as fases isotrópica e nemática. Detectamos em amostras de ferrofluidos e em soluções micelares dopadas com nanopartículas um aumento da viscosidade na presença de um campo magnético aplicado, o chamado efeito magnetoviscoso, que surge devido às interações entre partículas. Nas simulações Monte Carlo, vimos que a temperatura crítica (Tc) diminui com o tamanho das partículas, e que esse comportamento pode ser descrito por uma lei de escala. As simulações também mostraram que uma camada morta na superfície das nanopartículas provoca uma pequena diminuição na temperatura crítica, o que não ocorre quando adicionamos uma camada dura, que pode aumentar significativamente Tc. Para simulações de um sistema de nanopartículas interagentes, demos especial atenção a interpretar de que forma as interações magnetizantes e desmagnetizantes se manifestam em diagramas FORC para um conjunto de nanopartículas com distribuição de tamanhos. Observamos que uma interação desmagnetizante está associada a um deslocamento do pico do diagrama FORC para campos locais de interação Hb positivos e que a presença de uma interação magnetizante pode deslocar esse pico para campos Hc , relacionados à distribuição de coercividades do sistema, maiores.
In this thesis we present a study of the behavior of a system of magnetic nanoparticles by means of experimental measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. We experimentally study the role of the interactions between particles at low temperatures in commercial samples of ferrofluids through ZFC-FC, delta m curves, and FORC diagrams. We observed the phenomenon of supercooling and phase transitions from solid to liquid states in the ZFC-FC curves of ferrofluids. For the samples of liquid crystal doped with magnetic nanoparticles, we saw the transition between the isotropic and nematic phases. We detected in the samples of ferrofluids and in micellar solutions doped with nanoparticles an increase of the viscosity in the presence of an applied magnetic field, the so-called magnetoviscous effect, which arises due to interactions between particles. In the Monte Carlo simulations, we found that the critical temperature (Tc) decreases with particle size, a behavior that is described well by a scaling law. The simulations also showed that a dead layer on the surface of the nanoparticles causes a slight decrease in the critical temperature value, what does not occur when we add a hard layer, which increases Tc significantly. For simulations of a system of interacting nanoparticles, we paid special attention to interpret how the magnetizing and demagnetizing interactions manifest themselves in FORC diagrams for a set of nanoparticles with size distribution. We observed that demagnetizing interactions is associated with a displacement of the peak of the FORC diagram to positive values of the local field interaction Hb , and that the presence of a magnetizing interaction can shift this peak to larges values of the Hc field, related to the distribution of coercivities.

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Holmes, Mark G. "A study of magnetostatic interactions in ferrofluids." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278921.

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Sakhnini, Lama Issam. "The microwave, optical and magnetic properties of magnetic fluids." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385796.

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Allendes, Leyla. "Ferrofaces : An Exploration of Unconventional Interfaces Using Ferrofluids." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44293.

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Interfaces have long been explored in Human-Computer Interaction and Interaction Design as the human-machine shared boundaries to exchange information. In the last years, we have seen increased interest in innovative materials that respond to their environment to design new types of interfaces. This study focuses on unconventional interfaces and aims to contribute to the interaction design practice by exploring the aesthetics qualities of interaction that ferrofluid can offer to the area. To fulfil this aim, a material exploration with ferrofluids is conducted guided by the four concepts of pliability, rhythm, dramaturgical structure, and fluency to discover the expressive potential of ferrofluid as a design material. The design processes are expected to conclude with a ferrofluid interface prototype according to the definition proposed by the research.

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Nowak, Johannes. "Magnetoviskose Effekte blutverdünnter Ferrofluide." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-216731.

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Ein erfolgversprechender Ansatz in der biomedizinischen Forschung besteht im zielgerichteten Transport von Medikamenten und deren lokaler Anreicherung im erkrankten Bereich. Aktuelle Untersuchungen auf dem Gebiet der Krebstherapie beschäftigen sich mit dem magnetischen Drug Targeting, der Kopplung von Chemotherapeutika an magnetische Nanopartikel und der Anreicherung im erkrankten Bereich unter Verwendung externer Magnetfelder. Um derartige Verfahren perspektivisch zu beherrschen sind die Grundlagen des Strömungsverhaltens der eingesetzten sogenannten Ferrofluide, Suspensionen magnetischer Nanopartikel in geeigneten Trägermedien zu ermitteln. Während von Ferrofluiden aus dem technischen Anwendungsbereich eine starke Viskositätserhöhung durch den Einfluss externer magnetischer Felder bekannt ist, gilt es diese auch für biokompatible Ferrofluide zu untersuchen. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt auf der Untersuchung der zahlreichen Einflussparameter wie dem Partikeldurchmesser, der mikroskopischen Struktur oder der magnetischen Konzentration. Weiterhin ist auch das Fließverhalten bei Verdünnung mit Blut in einer Strömungssituation möglichst nahe der medizinischen Anwendung von zentralem Interesse. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit diesen Problemstellungen. Einerseits wurden durch eine umfassende Charakterisierung wichtige Einflussparameter der Viskositätsveränderung unter dem Einfluss externer magnetischer Felder identifiziert und untersucht. Andererseits wurde ein spezielles Kapillarviskosimeter entwickelt. Dieses zeichnet sich durch die Auslegung hinsichtlich der Kapillardurchmesser sowie der Scherraten an Bereiche des menschlichen Organismus aus und es eröffnet die Möglichkeit, mit Blut verdünnte Ferrofluide unter dem Einfluss starker Magnetfelder zu untersuchen. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurde Schafblut verwendet und es konnten Effekte gefunden werden, die eine Interaktion der Blutbestandteile mit den magnetischen Nanopartikeln vermuten lassen. Die Bildung von kettenartigen Strukturen unter dem Einfluss von Magnetfeldern, die diese Wechselwirkung verursacht, wurde mikroskopisch untersucht und ein Quantifizierungsverfahren zur Bewertung der Abhängigkeit von Magnetfeldstärke und -applikationsdauer eingeführt. Die ermittelten Resultate zeigen eine starke Beeinflussung des rheologischen und mikroskopischen Verhaltens der biokompatiblen Ferrofluide auf, welche das Potenzial besitzt die Anwendung der Flüssigkeiten zu beeinflussen und in zukünftige Forschungen, sowohl hinsichtlich der theoretischen Modellierung als auch der chemischen Synthese, einbezogen werden sollte.

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13

Morales, Marienette B. "Magnetization Dynamics and Interparticle Interactions in Ferrofluids and Nanostructures." Scholar Commons, 2009. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3913.

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Nanoparticle assemblies are of current interest as they are used in a wide variety of industrial and biomedical applications. This work presents two studies aimed at understanding the magnetization dynamics and interparticle interactions in nanoparticle assemblies and various types of ferrofluids. First, we studied the influence of varying strengths of dipolar interaction on the static and dynamic magnetic properties of surfactant-coated monodispersed manganese-zinc ferrite nanoparticles using reversible transverse susceptibility. We tracked the evolution of the anisotropy peaks with varying magnetic field, temperature, and interaction strength. The anisotropy peaks of weakly interacting particles appears as non-symmetric peaks and at lower fields in a unipolar transverse susceptibility scan. On the other hand, a strongly interacting particle system exhibits symmetric anisotropy peaks situated at higher field values. In the second study, we successfully synthesized stable ferrofluids out of high quality Fe 3O4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. Such ferrofluids are excellent systems for the investigation of physics of relaxation phenomena in magnetic nanoparticles. Motivated by the need to understand their peculiar magnetic response, a comparative study on Fe 3O4 - and CoFe 2O4 -based ferrofluids was performed. We investigated cases in which particle blocking and carrier fluid freezing temperatures were close and far apart from each other. Our experimental results reveal the true origin of the glass-like relaxation peaks that have been widely observed in ferrofluids by many groups but remained largely unexplained. Contrary to the speculation of previous literature, we argue that the formation of the magnetic anomaly is due not only to the particle blocking but also to its correlation with the the carrier fluid freezing effects. It is also shown that the nature of these peaks is strongly affected by varying particle size and carrier fluid medium. Quantitative fits of the frequency dependent AC susceptibility to the Vogel-Fulcher scaling law clearly indicate that the blocking of magnetic nanoparticles in the frozen state significantly affects the interparticle dipole-dipole interaction, causing characteristic spin-glass-like dynamics. A clear correlation between the blocking and freezing temperatures emerges from our studies for the first time.

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Alsaady, Mustafa Mohammed H. "Innovative design for ferrofluids based parabolic trough solar collector." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48221/.

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The demand for modern energy services is increasing rapidly. Solar energy has the potential to meet a significant share of the world’s energy request. Solar energy is one of the cleanest renewable forms with little or no effect on the environment. The concentrating solar power is one of the methods to harvest sun’s energy. Concentrating solar power has the advantage of easier energy storage compared to photovoltaic systems. However, the cost of energy generated by those systems is higher than conventional energy sources. It is necessary to improve the performance of concentrating solar power to make them cost competitive. Moreover, few countries such as Saudi Arabia are moving from energy based on fossil fuel to renewable energy, therefore, improving the performance of concentrating solar systems and reducing their cost is considered to emulate photovoltaic systems. This research aims to develop an innovative design of parabolic trough solar collector that uses magnetic nanofluids as a heat transfer fluid to enhance the thermal efficiency compared to conventional parabolic trough. Based on past researches, new parabolic trough design is then proposed and investigated. Ferromagnetic nanoparticles dispersed in common heat transfer fluids (ferrofluids) exhibit better thermos-physical properties compared to the base fluids. By applying the right magnetic intensity and magnetic field direction, the thermal conductivity of the fluid increased higher than typical nanofluids. Moreover, the ferrofluids exhibit excellent optical properties. The external magnetic source is installed to alter the thermo-physical properties of the fluid. This thesis is comprised of four studies including two experimental studies, one heat transfer analysis, and one economic and environmental study. A small scale parabolic trough collector was manufactured and assembled at the laboratory based on the British Standards. A steady-state method was used to measure the performance of the parabolic trough collector in corresponding studies. The performance of the ferrofluids as a heat transfer fluid was compared to the base fluid. The two experimental studies differ in the absorber used. The two absorbers used were a conventional non-direct absorber and a direct absorber without a selective surface that allows ferrofluids to absorb the incoming solar irradiation directly. The effects of nanoparticle concentration, anti-foaming, external magnetic field intensity were investigated. The volume fraction of nanoparticles was 0.05%, 0.25%, and 0.75%. Three different magnetic field intensities were investigated, 3.14 mT, 6.28 mT, and 10.47 mT. Using ferrofluids to enhance the heat transfer performance the efficiency of the ferrofluids solar collector was compared to the based fluid (water). The results show that the parabolic trough solar collector in the experiment has similar performance of flat-plate solar collectors. The efficiency of the collector improved when ferrofluids water used compared to water. Ferrofluids with low concentration improved the performance of the solar collector. The ferrofluids showed much better performance at higher reduced temperature with lower overall heat loss coefficient. Due to the non-Newtonian behaviour of the fluid, increasing the volume fraction of particles will suppress the enhancement. The pH of ferrofluids influences the behaviour of the fluid. pH values higher than 5 showed a Newtonian behaviour of the fluid. In the presence of magnetic field, the performance of the solar collector enhanced further. By increasing the magnetic field intensity, the absorbed energy parameter increased, and at higher magnetic field intensity, the rate of enhancement decreases due to the magnetic saturation of ferrofluids. In this study, the performance of non-direct absorption receiver was better than the direct absorption receiver. However, the performance of the collector with a direct absorption receiver and using ferrofluids in the presence of the external magnetic field in some cases was higher than the performance of non-direct receiver with water as heat transfer medium. The performance of ferrofluids based parabolic trough collector was theoretically investigated. The correlation, equations, and specifications used in the model were discussed in detail. The model was used to study two different parabolic trough designs. First, the parabolic trough was validated with the experimental results of AZTRAK platform. The results of the model show a good agreement with the experimental data. Thereafter, nanoparticles were added to the heat transfer fluid, and the performance of the collector with and without the presence of external magnetic field was determined. The performance of the collector did not change a lot unless the external magnetic field was present. Moreover, the effect of the glass envelope on the performance was observed. A glass cover with vacuum in the annulus has higher performance and less thermal loss. Second, the model was used to study the performance of the test rig ferrofluids based parabolic trough. The performance of the parabolic trough was first considered as concentrating collector and then as a non-concentrating collector. With the lack of an external magnetic field, the efficiency changed slightly, wherein the presence of the external magnetic field the performances of the collector enhanced and showed higher performances. In General, the presence of the magnetic field showed promising enhancement. Economic and environmental effects of using ferrofluids based solar collector compared to a flat-plate collector for household water heating systems. Results show that the ferrofluids based parabolic trough has lower payback period and higher economic saving at its useful life end than a flat-plate solar collector. The ferrofluids based collector has higher embodied energy and pollution offsets tan flat-plate collector. Moreover, if 50% insertion of ferrofluids based parabolic trough for domestic hot water could be achieved in Tabuk over 83,750 metric Ton of CO2 could be eliminated.

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Lopes, Filomeno Cleber. "Dispersions de nanoparticules magnétiques de type coeur-coquille MFe2O4@g-Fe2O3 dans des solvants polaires : réactivité électrochimique et rôle de l'interface oxyde/solution sur les propriétés colloïdales." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066673/document.

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Les dispersions de nanoparticules magnétiques (NPs) dans les solvants polaires sont utilisées dans de nombreuses applications dans des domaines variés, du biomédical à l'environnement ou à l'énergie. Aussi appelés ferrofluides (FFs), ces systèmes sont des dispersions de ferrites spinelle magnétiques pouvant être stabilisées par des répulsions électrostatiques. Cela nécessite une bonne compréhension de l'interface NPs/solvant porteur, qui contrôle les interactions entre NPs, la nanostructure et de nombreuses autres propriétés. Nous étudions ici en milieu aqueux la réactivité électrochimique de particules c¿ur/couronne de type MFe2O4@ Fe2O3 (M = Fe,Co,Mn,Cu,Zn), espèces électroactives non conventionnelles. La voltammétrie à signaux carrés et la coulométrie à potentiel contrôlé permettent d'étudier la coquille de maghémite ( Fe2O3), dont le rôle est la protection de l'oxyde mixte du c¿ur en milieu acide. D'autre part, un nouveau procédé d'élaboration de dispersions dans les solvants polaires, testé dans l'eau, est appliqué au diméthylsulfoxide (DMSO). A partir du point de charge nulle des NPs, un ajout connu d'acide ou de base permet de contrôler la charge des NPs, la nature des contreions et la quantité d'électrolyte libre. Des dispersions stabilisées par des répulsions électrostatiques sont obtenues dans le DMSO. La diffusion de rayons X aux petits angles et la diffusion dynamique de la lumière sont utilisées pour comprendre la nanostructure et quantifier les interactions entre particules. De forts effets spécifiques liés aux ions sont mis en évidence ainsi que le rôle de l'interface solide liquide, en particulier sur les propriétés de thermodiffusion
Dispersions of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) in polar solvents have been inspiring many applications, to cite a few, biomedical, industrial and thermoelectrical ones. Also called ferrofluids (FFs), they are usually colloidal dispersions of magnetic spinel ferrite NPs, which can be stabilized thanks to electrostatic repulsion. A good understanding of the interface between NPs and the carrier solvent is thus a key point, which governs the interparticle interactions, the nanostructure and many other applicative properties. We study here the electrochemical reactivity of core-shell ferrite MFe2O4@ Fe2O3 (M=Fe,Co,Mn,Cu,Zn) NPs in aqueous medium. Square-wave voltammetry and potential controlled coulometry techniques are used on these non-conventional electroactive systems in order to evidence the shell of maghemite ( Fe2O3), the main function of which is to ensure the thermodynamical stability of NPs in acidic medium. We also present a new process for the elaboration of maghemite based FF in polar solvents, tested in water and applied to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Departing from the point of zero charge, the NPs are charged in a controlled way by adding acid or base, which enables us to better control the charge and the counter-ions nature, as well as the amount of free electrolyte in the dispersion. Stable dispersions are obtained thanks to electrostatic repulsion, also in DMSO. Small Angle X-ray scattering and Dynamic Light Scattering are used to understand the nanostructure and quantify the interparticle interactions. Specific ionic effects are evidenced as well as the strong influence of the solid/liquid interface on the migration of the NPs in a thermal gradient

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16

Ezzaier, Hinda. "Agrégation et séparation magnétique des nanoclusters magnétiques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4107/document.

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Depuis deux dernières décennies, la séparation magnétique revient sur le tapis grâce aux applications biomédicales émergentes à la séparation de cellules ou de protéines et aux tests immunologiques. Cette thèse porte sur l’exploration détaillée de la séparation magnétique de nanoparticules à l’échelle microfluidique, amplifiée par la séparation de phase induite par le champ. Dans ce but, nous synthétisons des nanoclusters superparamagnétiques d’oxyde de fer de taille 40-70 nm, composés de nanoparticules de taille 7-9 nm. Nous faisons une étude détaillée de la cinétique de la séparation de phase de ces nanoclusters induite par le champ ainsi que de leur séparation magnétique dans des canaux microfluidiques munis de réseaux ordonnés de micropiliers magnétisables. Le taux d’agrégation de nanoclusters est principalement régi par le paramètre du couplage dipolaire et par la fraction volumique de nanoclusters, tandis que l’efficacité de capture – par le nombre de Mason. Les couches de molécules adsorbées sur la surface de nanoclusters d’habitude affaiblissent les interactions magnétiques et diminuent l’efficacité de capture, cependant, dans certains cas, elles peuvent induire des interactions colloïdales attractives et augmenter l’efficacité de capture. Les résultats de ce travail peuvent être utiles pour le développement des tests immunologiques magnéto-microfluidiques
Magnetic separation has been gaining a new interest during two last decades thanks to emerging biomedical applications to cell or protein separation and immunoassays. This thesis is aimed at detailed exploration of magnetic nanoparticle separation in microfluidic scale enhanced by field-induce phase separation of nanoparticles. To this purpose, we synthesize superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoclusters of a size of 40-70 nm composed of numerous nanoparticles of a size 7-9 nm. We perform a detailed study of the kinetics of the field-induced phase separation of these nanoclusters as well as of their magnetic separation in microfluidic channels equipped with ordered arrays of magnetizable micropillars. The nanocluster aggregation rate is mostly governed by the dipolar coupling parameter and the nanocluster volume fraction, while the capture efficiency – by the Mason number. Molecular layers adsorbed on the nanocluster surface usually weaken magnetic interactions and decrease the capture efficiency, however, in some casesthey may induce attractive colloidal interactions and enhance the capture efficiency. The results of this work could be useful for development of magnetomicrofluidic immunoassays

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17

Davies, P. "The magnetic and microwave properties of ferrofluid composites." Thesis, Bangor University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380797.

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18

Lin, Yu-Sheng. "Tissue manipulation using nano-particles ferrofluids for minimal access surgical applications." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8569/.

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Nano-scale Iron-Oxide ferrofluids exhibit a special property, ‘superparamagnetism’, that induces an attractive force toward an external magnetic field. The aim of this project is to investigate the use of ferrofluids for tissue retraction during Minimally Access Surgery (MAS). In the in-vivo porcine experiments, 0.3 ml of ferrofluid (200 mg/ml concentration) containing 10 nm particles is injected subserosally into the small bowel, respectively. A 0.6 T magnetic field is created using a combination of 10 mm and 20 mm diameter Neodymium Iron Boron magnets. The vertical retraction distance is measured up to 80 mm and video-recorded. The results demonstrate the capacity of ferrofluid to facilitate the tissue manipulation and analysis of the migration of the particles within the tissue using micro computed tomography (CT). A theoretical model developed to validate the experimental results is also beneficial for predicting retraction force. In conclusion, this feasibility study provides a protocol for systematically using small volumes of ferrofluid, without the need to mechanically grasp the tissue.

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19

Wu, Zhenyu [Verfasser]. "Preparation and characterization of nanotube ferrofluids by template-directed methods / Zhenyu Wu." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften und Informatik, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1016718071/34.

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20

Giwa, Giwa Solomon Olanrewaju. "Investigation into thermal-fluid properties of hybrid ferrofluids as heat transfer fluids." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77818.

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Over two decades of extensive research on nanofluids have established them as a better cooling media than traditional fluids such as ethylene glycol (EG) and water. Recently, hybrid nanofluids have emerged as advanced thermal transport media with improved thermal and fluid properties relative to nanofluids. Experimentally, limited studies have been carried out on the thermo- and thermomagnetic convection heat transfer of nanofluids in cavities. However, there is a dearth of documentation on the thermo- and thermomagnetic convection of hybrid nanofluids in cavities in the public domain. In this study, the thermo-convection heat transfer (Qav) performance of three magnetic hybrid nanofluids (MHNFs) contained in a rectangular cavity was experimentally investigated with and without magnetic stimuli. Aqueous MWCNT-ferrofluid (AMF) [MWCNT-Fe2O3/deionised water (DIW)], aqueous Al2O3-ferrofluid (AAF) [Al2O3-Fe2O3/DIW] and bi-aqueous Al2O3-ferrofluid (BAAF) [Al2O3-Fe2O3/EG-DIW] were formulated for volume concentrations (𝜑) of 0.05 to 0.40 vol.%. Key nanofluid formulation parameters of dispersion fraction, sonication time and amplitude were optimised to improve stability of the MHNFs. Stability, characterisation and thermal properties (μ and κ at 20-40 °C) of the MHNFs were carried out using standard instruments. AMF, BAAF, AAF, DIW and EG-DIW were charged into a rectangular cavity subjected to differential heating of the opposite vertical walls under varying ΔT of 20 to 35 °C. Samples of AMF, BAAF and AAF with the highest heat transfer were thereafter charged into the cavity where the walls (bottom, top and side) were exposed to magnetic stimuli (4.89 – 21.95 mT). Stable MHNFs were formulated according to the optimised parameters as verified using an ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer and visible inspection techniques. The images of the transmission electron microscope for the MHNFs showed an even suspension of the nanoparticles into DIW and EG-DIW. An increase in temperature and 𝜑 was observed to enhance κeff of AMF, BAAF and AAF by 3.83% to 14.17%, 2.14% to 12.56% and 2.21% to 10.51% respectively. Temperature rise detracted μeff and 𝜑 enhanced it for AMF, BAAF and AAF with augmentation of 11.83% to 28.79%, 1.66% to 13.33% and 4.55% to 20.43% respectively. With the MHNFs, higher κeff and lower μeff were recorded in comparison with the monoparticle nanofluids of Fe2O3, which made the MHNFs beneficial for convective heat transfer studies. Additionally, models were developed for predicting the κeff and μeff of AMF, BAAF and AAF from the obtained experimental data. Without magnetic stimuli, the Qav of AMF, BAAF and AAF was enhanced at 𝜑 ≤ 0.20 vol.% and attenuation was the case beyond 𝜑 = 0.20 vol.%. Optimum Qav enhancements of 11.2%, 10.09% and 10.79% were achieved for AMF (at 0.05 vol.%), BAAF (at 0.05 vol.%) and AAF (at 0.10 vol.%) respectively. Models were proposed for estimating the Nuav of AMF, BAAF and AAF. The vertical imposition of the magnetic stimuli on the sidewall of the cavity led to maximum enhancements of Qav by 4.48%, 4.02% and 4.31% for the AMF, BAAF and AAF samples respectively. These values were recorded for magnetic stimuli of 21.95 mT for AMF and AAF, and 11.84 mT for AAF. The MHNFs were observed to yield higher Qav than monoparticle nanofluids of Fe2O3 with and without magnetic stimuli. Conclusively, the κeff, μeff and Qav of AMF, BAAF and AAF were found to be better than those of the monoparticle nanofluids of Fe2O3, which revealed the benefit of NP hybridisation for engineering application, especially in thermo- and thermomagnetic convection studies.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
PhD
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Getzie, Travis David. "Mangeto-Optical and Rheological Behaviors of Oil-Based Ferrofluids and Magnetorheological Fluids." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1333823536.

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Zanella, Raphaël. "Thermomagnetic Convection in Ferrofluids : Finite Element Approximation and Application to Transformer Cooling." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS501/document.

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Nous proposons d'exploiter la convection thermomagnétique, phénomène caractéristique des Ferro fluides, pour améliorer les transferts de chaleur dans les transformateurs. Les équations régissant le système se composent des équations de Navier-Stokes dans l'approximation de Boussinesq, de l'équation de la conservation de l'énergie et des équations de la magnétostatique. Les simulations sont menées avec notre code de recherche parallélisé SFEMaNS (Spectral/Finite Element for Maxwell and Navier-Stokes) pour des géométries axisymétriques, utilisant une décomposition spectrale dans la direction azimutale et des éléments finis de Lagrange dans le plan méridien. Afin de résoudre ce problème spécifique, divers développements sont apportés à SFEMaNS, tels que l'implémentation des forces magnétiques de Kelvin et de Helmholtz. Le code est d'abord appliqué au refroidissement d'un solénoïde dans une cuve cylindrique contenant de l'huile de transformateur ou un ferrofluide à base d'huile de transformateur. Les résultats montrent que l'utilisation du ferrofluide diminue la température maximale du système grâce à la convection thermomagnétique et au changement des propriétés thermophysiques du fluide. L'influence de différents paramètres (fraction volumique de nanoparticules, présence d'un cœur ferromagnétique, propriétés magnétiques des nanoparticules) est étudiée. En particulier, les simulations confirment l'intérêt des nanoparticules magnétiques à faible température de Curie. Nous montrons également sur cet exemple que deux densités de force magnétique égales à un gradient près, telles que les forces de Kelvin et de Helmholtz, donnent le même écoulement. Un bon accord qualitatif est trouvé entre les résultats numériques et expérimentaux utilisant de l'huile de transformateur ou du ferrofluide. Le code est ensuite appliqué au refroidissement d'un système proche d'un transformateur de 40 kVA (20 kV/400 V). Les résultats montrent à nouveau une réduction de la température maximale grâce au ferrofluide
We propose to make use of thermomagnetic convection, a characteristic phenomenon of ferrofluids, to improve heat transfer in transformers. The governing equations consist in the Navier-Stokes equations under the Boussinesq approximation, the energy conservation equation and the magnetostatics equations. The simulations are performed with the in-house parallel code SFEMaNS (Spectral/Finite Element for Maxwell and Navier-Stokes) for axisymmetric geometries, using a spectral decomposition in the azimuthal direction and Lagrange finite elements in the meridian plane. In order to solve this specific problem, various developments are brought to SFEMaNS, such as the implementation of the Kelvin and Helmholtz magnetic forces. The code is first applied to the cooling of a coil in a cylindrical tank containing either transformer oil or transformer oil-based ferrofluid. The results show that the use of the ferrofluid reduces the maximum temperature in the system due to thermomagnetic convection and the change of the fluid thermophysical properties. The influence of different parameters (volume fraction of nanoparticles, presence of a ferromagnetic core, nanoparticle magnetic properties) is investigated. In particular, the simulations confirm the benefit of magnetic nanoparticles with a low Curie temperature. We also show on this example that two magnetic body forces equal up to a gradient, such as the Kelvin and Helmholtz forces, give the same flow. A good qualitative agreement is found between the numerical and experimental results using transformer oil or ferrofluid. The code is then applied to the cooling of an electromagnetic system close to a 40 kVA (20 kV/400 V) transformer. The results show again a reduction of the maximum temperature when using ferrofluid

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Petit, Mickaël. "Contribution à l'étude des systèmes de refroidissement basés sur le couplage magnétothermique dans les ferrofluides à faible température de Curie : mise en place d'outils de caractérisation et de modélisation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT121/document.

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Le Génie Electrique, en général, et l'électronique de puissance, en particulier, prend une part de plus en plus importante dans les systèmes embarqués. La fiabilité des systèmes électroniques dépend fortement de la gestion de leur température. Les systèmes de refroidissement actuels sont lourds, volumineux, et consommateurs d'énergie, ce qui est en désaccord avec les systèmes embarqués. Il est donc nécessaire de chercher de nouveaux systèmes, plus fiables, plus légers, et moins énergivores. Le sujet de cette thèse porte sur l'utilisation des ferrofluides, suspensions colloïdales magnétiques, à basse température de Curie, dont les propriétés magnétiques varient fortement avec la température entre l'ambiante et une centaine de degrés Celsius afin de les utiliser comme liquide caloporteur dans les systèmes de refroidissement. Les propriétés magnétiques fortement dépendantes de la température d'un tel fluide permettent la mise en mouvement de ce dernier par l'action couplée d'un champ magnétique et d'un gradient de température alors que toutes les pièces solides restent fixes. Le système de refroidissement n'est alors plus assujetti à l'usure de la pompe permettant la circulation du fluide caloporteur. Le système est ainsi globalement plus fiable et moins consommateur d'énergie. L'énergie de mise en mouvement du ferrofluide étant extraite directement des pertes des composants. Le comportement des ferrofluides est trop méconnu à l'heure actuelle pour concevoir et optimiser une pompe statique magnétothermique. Un effort important de modélisation et de caractérisation doit être mené. Ce manuscrit présente une étude pratique vérifiant le principe de création de pression hydrostatique par couplage magnétothermique. Une modélisation de la distribution des forces locales mettant en mouvement le ferrofluide ainsi que la mise en place d'outil permettant la caractérisation des ferrofluides sont également présentées. Les efforts de caractérisation se sont concentrés sur la rhéologie, au regard du champ magnétique, du cisaillement et de la température, ainsi que sur le comportement magnétique du ferrofluide à différentes températures
The Electrical Engineering in general and power electronics, in particular, plays an increasingly important role in embedded systems. The reliability of electronic systems strongly depends on the management of their temperature. Cooling systems today are heavy, bulky, and consumers of energy, which is in disagreement with embedded systems. It is therefore necessary to look for new systems, more reliable, lighter and use less energy. The subject of this thesis focuses on the use of ferrofluids, magnetic colloidal suspensions at low Curie temperature, the magnetic properties vary strongly with temperature between ambient and one hundred degrees Celsius, for use as coolant in cooling systems. The magnetic properties strongly dependent on the temperature of such fluid allow the actuation of the latter by the action of a magnetic field coupled at a temperature gradient so that all solid parts are stationary. The cooling system is no longer subject to the wear of the pump for the circulation of the coolant. The system is thus globaly more reliable and less energy consuming. The energy for moving the ferrofluid being extracted directly losses components. The behavior of ferrofluids is too little known today to design and optimize a pump magneto static. A major effort of modeling and characterization should be conducted. This manuscript presents a practical study verifying the principle of hydrostatic pressure created by magnetothermal coupling. A modeling of the distribution of local forces by moving the ferrofluid and the development tool for the characterization of the ferrofluids are also presented. Characterization efforts focused on rheology, under the magnetic field, shear and temperature, as well as on the magnetic behavior of the ferrofluid at different temperatures

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Sindt, Julien Olivier. "Molecular simulations of concentrated aqueous salt solutions and dipoles." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22833.

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Advances in molecular-simulation methods allow for ever larger systems of particles to be studied and on longer timescales. Calculations are reaching such a scale that they can be used to address a vast range of key questions across chemistry, physics, and engineering. In this work, molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations are employed to address two key areas: the structure and dynamics of simple aqueous ionic salt solutions at high concentrations; and the structure, dynamics, and phase behaviour of dipolar fluids (such as colloidal ferrofluids). The first part of the work begins with a study of the structure and dynamics in metastable, supersaturated, aqueous solutions of potassium chloride, and the possible relevance of these to the phenomenon of non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation (NPLIN). It is thought that the potassium and chloride ions form long-lived, amorphous clusters that may, under the influence of nanosecond laser pulses, undergo structural reorganisation to form post-critical crystal nuclei. It is found that spontaneous nucleation does not occur on the simulation timescale, but that amorphous clusters do form with cluster lifetimes comparable to those of the shortest laser pulses that can be used in NPLIN ( 100 picoseconds). Next, an alternative scenario for NPLIN involving rapid laser heating of impurity particles is examined by simulating heated carbon nanoparticles in saturated aqueous solutions of sodium chloride. The concentration at which an aqueous sodium chloride solution first crystallises on the simulation timescale is determined. A spherical carbon impurity is then added to a system with concentration close to, but lower than, the concentration at which crystallisation occurs on the simulation timescale. The effects that adding, and heating, this impurity has on the structure of this near-crystallising system are then observed. The second part of the work discusses model dipolar fluids, of direct relevance to colloidal ferrofluids (suspensions of magnetised nanoparticles in simple carrier liquids). The two-body, dipole-dipole interaction is long-ranged and anisotropic, and it is computationally expensive to handle in molecular simulations. Here a new method is proposed that relies on a formal mapping between the partition function of a dipolar fluid and that of a hypothetical fluid with many-body, short-ranged, isotropic interactions. Only the leading-order two-body interactions (akin to the van der Waals attraction) and three-body interactions (corresponding to the Axilrod-Teller potential) are retained. It is shown that this simple model is sufficient to reproduce the characteristic particle chaining and the associated disappearance of the vapour-liquid phase transition of dipolar fluids. Finally, the dynamical response of ferrofluids to oscillating magnetic fields (the dynamic magnetic susceptibility [DMS]) is studied. The DMS of ferrofluids, predicted by a new theory that takes into account the leading-order effects of dipole-dipole interactions, are critically compared to those found using Brownian-dynamics simulations of monodisperse systems of dipolar particles. This new theory is found to provide more accurate predictions of the DMS than previous theories, with the DMS predicted to a high degree of accuracy for systems with dipolar coupling strength in the experimentally achievable region.

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Pop, Loredana. "Investigation of the microstructure of ferrofluids under the influence of a magnetic field and shear flow /." Düsseldorf : VDI-Verl, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015009943&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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26

Vega, Maria Leticia. "Estados críticos orientacionais em cristais líquidos liotrópicos induzidos por campos magnéticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-13012012-143915/.

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Estruturas líquidas cristalinas estão presentes em materiais compostos por moléculas com anisotropia de forma e são caracterizadas por uma ordem orientacional de longo alcance. Na mesofase nemática as moléculas alongadas tendem a se alinhar paralelas entre si, a direção média de orientação define é caracterizada por um vetor unitário, chamado de diretor n. Os cristais líquidos liotrópicos são obtidos usualmente a partir da dispersão de moléculas anfílicas em água. Essas moléculas anfílicas, por terem uma parte polar e uma parte apolar, tendem a formar agregados anisotrópicos, com a parte polar da molécula na superfície. Esse tipo de estrutura esta presente em todos os seres vivos e o exemplo mais clássico é a membrana da célula. A existência de uma superfície de contorno ou uma fronteira modifica as propriedades de um material na vizinhança dessa fronteira. Isso é particularmente verdadeiro para os cristais líquidos, que são muitos sensíveis as condições de contorno, mesmos quando estas não são tão intensas. De fato essa propriedade e bastante útil para a fabricação de dispositivos eletro-ó pticos. Um dos efeitos de superfície mais evidente é a mudança no ordenamento das moléculas devido a quebra de simetria na superfície. Nas fases nemáticas esse efeito microscópico resulta na formação de uma camada superficial com uma ordem posicional que se estende ao longo de uma certa distância no volume. 0 outro efeito resulta da origem a mudanças significativas no estado orientacional das moléculas no volume devido a presença de forças superficiais. Esse efeito é conhecido como ancoramento. Na ausência de campos extemos ou condições de contorno qualquer orientação é igualmente provável. Neste trabalho serão apresentados os resultados de investigação das propriedades de cristais líquidos liotrópicos na interface com um substrata. Estudamos o comportamento dinâmico da camada superficial quando o campo magnético é aplicado e induz uma re orientação do diretor. Nesse estudo são utilizadas amostras de cristal líquidos liotrópicos.
Liquid crystalline structures are found in materials made from molecules which are anisotropic in shape; such material are characterized mainly by a long range orientational order. In the nematic phase, the rodlike molecules tend to align parallel to each other. The average orientation defines a unit vector, called director n. Lyotropic liquid crystals are usually obtained by the dispersion of amphiphilic molecules in water. Due the fact that these molecules present a polar head and a non-polar tail, they tend to form aggregates with the polar part at the aggregate surface. This type of struc ture is present in all living being; the most classical example is the cell membrane. The existence of a boundary surface affects the properties of a material close to this boundary. This particularly true for liquid crystals, which are very sensitive to boundary conditions, even when weak. Indeed, this property is quite useful in the fabrication of electro-optic devices. One of the most obvious surface effect is the change in the molecules organization due to a breaking of the symmetry at the boundary surface. In the nematic phases, this microscopic effect results in the formation of a surface la yer with a positional order that extends through the bulk up to a certain distance from the surface. The other effect of the surface results in a change in the orientational state of the molecules in the volume due to the sur face forces. This macroscopic effect is known as anchoring. In the absence of any external field or boundary conditions, all molecular orientation is equally probable. In this work, we will present some results of the investigation of the properties of lyotropic liquid crystals at the interface with a solid substrate. We have studied the dy namic of the surface layer when a applied magnetic field induces a reorientation of the nematic director. In this study different systems were used: lyotropic liquid crystals in the nematic phase, ferronematics (nematic phase doped with ferrofluid) and filled nematics (nematic phase doped with silica nano-spheres). By means of transmittance measurements.

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Oliveira, Elisabeth Andreoli de. "Estudo de estabilidade química e propriedades de ancoramento em cristais líquidos liotrópicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 1991. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43133/tde-02072013-155715/.

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Apresentamos um novo cristal liquido liotrópico, onde o álcool (utilizado nas misturas liotrópicas com fases nemáticas biaxial e uniaxiais), é substituído por um detergente. Essa nova mistura é composta por laurato de potássio, cloreto de decilamônia e água e apresenta fases nemáticas uniaxiais, calamitica e discótica, e biaxial. É apresentada uma superfície do diagrama de fases dessa mistura e são determinados alguns parâmetros microscópicos. Nesse estudo são utilizadas as técnicas de microscopia óptica de luz polarizada, conoscopia e difração de raios x. É feito um estudo comparativo da estabilidade química desse sistema, em relação à mistura com álcool. É feito um estudo sistemático das propriedades de ancoramento de cristais líquidos liotrópicos em superfícies de vidro (lisas e com ranhuras), utilizando a técnica de microscopia óptica de luz polarizada. Um novo fenômeno é observado, o deslizamento do diretor na superfície de contorno. Um modelo qualitativo, é proposto, baseado na existência de urna bicamada anfifílica, com defeitos, na interface. São determinados os tempo de orientação e tempo de relaxação para as amostras e os resultados são comparados às previsões do modelo proposto. Também é apresentado um método de tratamento de superfícies de vidro para orientação de cristais líquidos liotrópicos.
We present a new lyotropic liquid crystal, where the alcohol (used in lyotropic mixtures that present biaxial and uniaxial nematic phases) is substituted by a detergent. This new mixture is composed by potassium laurate, ammonium decylchloride and water and presents uniaxial and biaxial nematic phases. A surface of the phase diagram os this mixture is presented and some microscopical parameters are determined. In this investigation the techniques of polarised optical microscopy, conoscopy and X ray- diffraction are used. The chemical stability of this mixture is compared to the mixture with alcohol. The anchoring properties of lyotropic liquid crystals on glass surfaces (smooth and with grooves) are also investigated, using optical polarising microscopy. A new phenomen is observed, the gliding of the director at the boundary surfaces. A qualitative model is proposed, based on the existence of an anphiphilic bilayer with defects, at the interface. The orientation and relaxation times are determined and compared to the ones predicted by the model. It is also presented, a method for treating glass surfaces with ferrofluid that is applied to orient lyotropic liquid crystal samples.

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Rigoni, Carlo. "Control and manipulation of ferrofluid drops on functionalized surfaces." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426693.

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Controlling and predicting the mobility of drops in contact with a solid surface is attracting a lot of attention thanks to its fundamental implications and technological applications. The interaction between ferrouids and magnetic fields allow to obtain controlled deformation of the ferrouid-air interface and control of motion. In this thesis we will show how ferrouid droplets represent an ideal playground for fundamental studies on drop dynamics and provide useful strategies for passive and active control of drop motion. In particular, after a brief introduction about microuidics and ferrouids, we will report results about the possibility to control the shape of droplets thanks to the interaction with magnetic fields of different strenght and gradient produced by permanent magnets. After that we will show how magnetic fields can be used to passively control the motion of ferrouid drops sliding down inclined planes and, in the end, we will describe how it is possible to obtain the division of a single drop in two daughter droplets taking advantage of a strong interaction with the magnetic field.
Controllare e prevedere le caratteristiche del moto di gocce a contatto con una superficie solida sta generando molto interesse per le applicazioni fondamentali e tecnologiche che ne sono coinvolte. L'interazione tra i ferrofluidi e i campi magnetici permette di ottenere deformazioni controllate dell'interfaccia aria-ferrofluido e di controllare il moto delle gocce di questi liquidi. In questa tesi verrà approfondito come le gocce di ferrofluido rappresentino il caso di studio ideale per approfondire le caratteristiche della dinamica di gocce e offrano strategie utili per il controllo passivo e attivo del moto delle gocce. In particolare dopo una breve introduzione riguardo alla microfluidica e ai ferrofluidi verrano presentati risultati relativi alla possibilità di controllare la forma di gocce di ferrofluido grazie all'utilizzo di magneti permanenti con caratteristiche diverse. In seguito verranno presentati risultati relativi alla possibilità di controllare passivamente lo scivolamento di gocce di ferrofluido su un piano inclinato e infine verrà discussa la possibilità di dividere le gocce di ferrofluido sfruttando la forte interazione con il campo magnetico.

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Popp, Jana [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Zimmermann, Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Odenbach, and Vera A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Naletova. "Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Ferrofluids Focusing on Locomotion Systems / Jana Popp. Gutachter: Stefan Odenbach ; Vera A. Naletova. Betreuer: Klaus Zimmermann." Ilmenau : Universitätsbibliothek Ilmenau, 2014. http://d-nb.info/104804727X/34.

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Liangruksa, Monrudee. "Nanoscale thermal transport for biological and physical applications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29770.

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Nanotechnology has made it possible to create materials with unique properties. This development offers new opportunities and overcomes challenges for many thermal transport applications. Yet, it requires a more fundamental scientific understanding of nanoscale transport. This thesis emphasizes how simulation, mathematical, and numerical methods can lead to more grounded studies of nanoscale thermal transport for biological and physical applications. For instance, magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), an emerging cancer treatment, is a noninvasive method to selectively destroy a tumor by heating a ferrofluid-impregnated malignant tissue with minimal damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. We model the problem by considering an idealized spherical tumor that is surrounded by healthy tissue. The dispersed magnetic nanoparticles in the tumor are excited by an AC magnetic field to generate heat. The temperature distribution during MFH is investigated through a bioheat transfer relation which indicates that the P\'eclet, Joule, and Fourier numbers are the more influential parameters that determine the heating during such a thermotherapy. Thus, we show that a fundamental parametric investigation of the heating of soft materials can provide pathways for optimal MFH design. Since ferrofluid materials themselves play a key role in heating, we examine six materials that are being considered as candidates for MFH use. These are simulated to investigate the heating of ferrofluid-loaded tumors. We show that iron-platinum, magnetite, and maghemite are viable MFH candidates since they are able to provide the desired heating of a tumor which will destroy it while keeping the surrounding healthy tissues at a relatively safe temperature. Recent advances in the synthesis and nanofabrication of electron devices have lead to diminishing feature sizes. This has in turn increased the power dissipation per unit area that is required to cool the devices, leading to a serious thermal management challenge. The phonon thermal conductivity is an important material property because of its role in thermal energy transport in semiconductors. A higher thermal conductivity material is capable of removing more heat since higher frequency phonons are able to travel through it. In this thesis, the effects of surface stress on the lattice thermal conductivity are presented for a silicon nanowire. Based on a continuum approach, a phonon dispersion relation is derived for a nanowire that is under surface stress and the phonon relaxation time is employed to subsequently determine its thermal conductivity. The surface stress is found to significantly influence the phonon dispersion and thus the Debye temperature. Consequently, the phonon thermal conductivity decreases with increasing surface stress. Different magnitudes of surface stress could arise from various material coatings and through different nanofabrication processes, effects of which are generally unclear and not considered. Our results show how such variations in surface stress can be gainfully used in phonon engineering and to manipulate the thermal conductivity of a nanomaterial. The thermal transport during thermoelectric cooling is also an important property since thermoelectric devices are compact, reliable, easy to control, use no refrigerants and require lower maintenance than do more traditional refrigeration devices. We focus on the Thomson effect that occurs when there is a current flow in the presence of a temperature gradient in the material, and investigate its influence on an intrinsic silicon nanowire cooler. The temperature dependence of the Thomson effect has a significant influence on the cooling temperature. We also consider thermal nonequilibrium between electrons and phonons over the carrier cooling length in the nanowire. The results show that a strong energy exchange between electrons and phonons lowers the cooling performance, suggesting useful strategies for thermoelectric device design.
Ph. D.

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moles, nathaniel caleb. "Actively Controllable Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing Design Using Magnetorheological Fluids." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1444899327.

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Moening, Andrew. "Post-Consumer Plastic Particle Sortation by Plastic Type with the Use of Magnetic Fields and Ferrofluids for the Recycling Industry: A Proof of Concept Study." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1384548911.

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Sena, Cleidilane de Oliveira. "\"Caracterização estrutural e óptica de elastômeros dopados com ferrofluidos\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-07052007-120528/.

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Este trabalho visa a caracterização estrutural, mecânica e óptica de elastômeros de uretâno/uréia (PU/PBDO), baseados em óxido de poli(propileno) e poli(butenodiol), puro, após inflação em tolueno e dopados com ferrofluido. As proporções em massa (%) de PU e PBDO utilizadas são 40/60, 50/50, 60/40 e 80/20. As análises estruturais foram feitas através das técnicas de microscopia óptica de luz polarizada, microscopia de força atômica e magnética, e microscopia confocal de varredura laser com as quais foi verificado que os filmes são isotrópicos e autofluorescentes. A amostra após inflação com tolueno não apresenta diferença em sua textura em relação a amostra pura. As amostras dopadas apresentam coloração marrom devido aos grãos magnéticos. Também verificamos que o processo de dopagem com inflação dos filmes em solução de tolueno e ferrofluido é eficiente, uma vez que o filme não apresenta grandes agregados de grãos magnéticos. Medidas do coeficiente de absorção óptica mostraram que o tempo de inflação das amostras em tolueno não altera de forma significativa esses filmes. Também verificamos que o tempo, de imersão do filme na solução de tolueno e ferrofluido, para que as amostras incorporem a maior quantidade de grãos magnéticos aumenta com a concentração de PU. O número de grãos magnéticos na matriz elastomérica não aumenta depois que a amostra atinge o nível de saturação. Experimentos mecânicos e ópticos mostram que o processo de preparação do elastômero (casting) introduz uma anisotropia estrutural nas amostras opticamente isotrópicas. Esse fato foi evidenciado pelas medidas do módulo de Young e orientação do eixo óptico das amostras sob estiramento. A dependência da diferença de fase e consequentemente da birrefringência óptica em amostras puras, após inflação com tolueno e dopadas com ferrofluido, com a deformação é linear. O coeficiente de deformação óptico também é linear com a concentração de ferrofluido. Para todos os tempos de inflação em tolueno e ferrofluido as amostras 50/50 e 60/40 foram as que apresentaram maior birrefringência induzida por estiramento.
This work aims the structural, mechanical and optical characterization of urethane/urea elastomers (PU/PBDO), based on polypropylene oxide and polybutadiene diol, pure, after swelling in toluene and doped with ferrofluid. The ratios in weight % of PU and PBDO used are 40/60, 50/50, 60/40 and 80/20. The structural analysis were made through of polarized light microscopy, atomic and magnetic force microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy techniques in such was verified that films are isotropics and autofluorescents. The sample after swelling with toluene does not present difference in its texture compared with pure sample. Doped samples present brown color due the magnetic grains. It was also verified that doping process by swelling of film in solution of ferrofluid with toluene is efficient because the film not shows large aggregates of magnetic grains. Measurements of optical absorption coefficient show that the swelling time of the samples in toluene does not modify significantly these films. We verified that the immersion time of the film in the solution of ferrofluid with toluene, to incorporate in the greatest quantity of magnetic grains in samples, increases with the PU concentration. The number of magnetic grains in the elastomeric matrix does not increase after the samples reach the saturation level. Mechanical and optical experiments show that the elastomer preparation procedure (casting) introduces a structural anisotropy in the optically isotropic sample. This result was evidenced by the measurements of the Young\'s module and orientation of the sample\'s optic axis under stretching. The dependence of phase shift, and, consequently the optical birefringence, with strain in pure, after swelling in toluene and doped with ferrofluid samples, is linear. The strain-optic coefficient is linear with the concentration of ferrofluid. For all the swelling time in toluene and ferrofluid the 50/50 and 60/40 samples were those that present the greatest induced birefringence under stretching.

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Mamani, Javier Bustamante. "Estrutura e propriedades de nanopartículas preparadas via sol-gel." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-24082009-090624/.

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Este trabalho propõe a síntese de vários materiais nanoestruturados pelo processo sol-gel. Foram preparados sóis a base de óxido de cério, hidroxiapatita e magnetita. Filmes a base de paládio metálico foram obtidos pela técnica de decomposição térmica e redução em atmosfera de nitrogênio. A caracterização estrutural dos materiais preparados foi realizada por DRX; a caracterização morfológica foi feita mediante SAXS, MET e MEV; a caracterização química por EDS; a caracterização térmica por DSC; a caracterização magnética por RPE e a caracterização relaxometrica por IRM. No caso da hidroxiapatita, foram realizadas medidas de FTIR. Nanopartículas a base de óxido de cério e Pdo com propriedades catalíticas foram depositadas na forma de filme sobre substratos de alumínio anodizado e na região da cabeça de pistões automotivos de motor a gasolina. Os catalisadores foram suportados nos poros que os anodizados apresentam. Os pistões foram submetidos a testes catalíticos e apresentaram redução nas emissões de CO, compostos orgânicos voláteis e NOx. Além disso, verificou-se a diminuição no consumo de combustível e aumento na eficiência do motor automotivo a gasolina. A síntese de nanopartículas a base de hidroxiapatita produz um material de morfologia nanométrica, apresentando um comportamento ferromagnético atribuído ao ferro como impureza nos precursores da síntese. Também foram obtidas sóis estáveis a base de nanopartículas de hidroxiapatita revestidas por ácido oléico. A síntese e caracterização do ferrofluido à base de nanopartículas de magnetita superparamagnéticas levaram a fabricação de um agente de contraste negativo, característica principal para aplicações na IRM.
This work proposes the synthesis of several nonostructured materials by the sol-gel process. Cerium oxide, hydroxyapatite and magnetite based sols were prepared. Metallic palladium based films were obtained by the thermal decomposition technique followed by reduction under nitrogen atmosphere. Structural characterizations of the prepared materials were accomplished by XRD; morphologic characterization were carried out by SAXS, TEM and SEM, chemical characterization by EDS, thermal characterization using DSC, magnetic characterization by EPR, and the relaxometry characterization by MRI. FTIR\'s measurements were also accomplished in hydroxyapatite samples. Cerium oxide and palladium nanoparticles presenting catalytic properties were deposited as a film on anodized aluminum substrates and on automotive piston heads for gasoline motors. The catalyzers were supported by pores present in anodized aluminum surfaces. Catalytic test of the pistons have shown emission reduction of CO, organic volatile compounds, and NOx. Moreover, decrease in the fuel consumption and increase in automotive motor efficiency were verified. The synthesis of nanoparticles based on hydroxyapatite gives rise to a material of nanometric morphology. It presents a ferromagnetic behavior due to the iron as impurity in the synthesis precursors. Stable sols of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles covered by oleic acid were also obtained. Synthesis and characterization of ferrofluid based on superparamagnetic nanoparticles of magnetite lead to the production of an agent for negative contrast. It is the main characteristic for applications in MRI.

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35

Lang, Christian. "Nanostab-Ferrofluide." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=981171923.

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Franklin, Thomas A. (Thomas Andrew) 1979. "Ferrofluid flow phenomena." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16937.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-158).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
An investigation of ferrofluid experiments and analysis is presented in three parts: a characterization of ferrofluid properties, a study of ferrofluid flow in tubing and channel systems, and a study of ferrofluid free surface sheet flows. The characterization of ferrofluid samples is completed through analysis of magnetization curves measured with a vibrating sample magnetometer. Determination is made of the ferrofluid particle size range, saturation magnetization, low-field magnetic permeability, and magnetic volume fraction. The experimental results are well described by the Langevin theory of paramagnetism. A detailed discussion of the demagnetization factor within the ferrofluid sample is also included. Ferrofluid flow through circular tubing in a laminar regime is examined as a function of the applied magnetic field magnitude, direction, and frequency. Gradients within the applied magnetic field create a magnetic contribution to the pressure drop across a length of tubing. Experiments of ferrofluid flow through a rectangular channel with a free surface when driven by a rotating spatially uniform magnetic field exhibit an anti-symmetric flow profile across the channel width, with a net zero flow rate, consistent with theoretical work of previous research. The first known investigation of ferrofluid free surface sheet flows resulting from a ferrofluid jet impacting a small circular plate is presented. Two distinct magnetic field orientations relative to the incident jet and resulting sheet are examined, producing markedly different results. A magnetic field oriented perpendicular to the jet flow is found to deform the jet cross-section from circular toward an elliptical shape thereby causing the sheet to also change from circular to elliptical, but with the long axis of the sheet oriented perpendicularly to the long axis of the jet cross-section. In the case of a magnetic field applied everywhere perpendicular to the sheet flow a significant decrease in sheet radius is observed. The cause of the decrease in sheet radius is a magnetic field induced decrease in ferrofluid pressure as well as a magnetic field enhanced convective Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. A thorough theoretical development describes the observed phenomena.
by Thomas A. Franklin.
S.M.

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Shirzadfar, Hamidreza. "Conception et réalisation d'un biocapteur à GMR pour la caractérisation de milieux biologiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0045/document.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer des bio-capteurs à base de magnétorésistance géante (GMR), ainsi que l'électronique de conditionnement associée, en vue de caractériser magnétiquement des ferrofluides biologiques. Ce travail a été réalisé en collaboration avec le Pr Sotoshi YAMADA de l'Institut « Nature and Environmental Technology» de l'Université de Kanazawa. La première partie porte sur l'état de l'art et les méthodes de mesures des propriétés magnétiques des ferrofluides et la physique de l'effet GMR. La deuxième partie concerne la mise en place d'un dispositif de mesure pour déterminer et caractériser la valeur de la sensibilité de chaque capteur. Cette sensibilité est une caractéristique cruciale pour toute application biomédicale. Sa connaissance et son optimisation permettent d'envisager des mesures précises et justes des propriétés magnétiques des ferrofluides notamment à bas niveau de signal. La troisième partie, également expérimentale, décrit les mesures de la perméabilité relative (µr) et de la susceptibilité (X) de fluides magnétiques (ferrofluides) par des capteurs GMR I, II. En outre, afin de confirmer les résultats expérimentaux obtenus avec ces capteurs, nous les avons comparés à ceux obtenus avec d'autres méthodes comme la magnétométrie à échantillon vibrant (VSM) ou à des calculs théoriques. Le quatrième et dernier chapitre présente les résultats expérimentaux de la perméabilité relative et de la susceptibilité d'un marqueur magnétique permettant la détection de la bactérie pathogène Escherichia coli O157: H7
The intent of this thesis is to develop bio-sensors based on giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and the associated conditioning electronics, to characterize magnetically organic ferrofluids. This work was done in collaboration with Pr Sotoshi YAMADA of the Institute "Nature and Environmental Technology" at the University of Kanazawa. The first part focuses on the state of the art and the methods for magnetic properties measurements of ferrofluids and the description of the GMR effect. The second part concerns the introduction of a measuring device to determine and characterize the value of the sensitivity of each sensor. This sensitivity is a crucial parameter for any biomedical application. Its knowledge allows optimization of sensors ability to measure very low magnetic parameters of ferrofluids very precisely. The third experimental part describes measurements of relative permeability (µr) and susceptibility (X) of magnetic ferrofluids with GMR sensors I, II. In addition, to confirm the experimental results obtained with these sensors, we have compared them to those obtained with other methods such as vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) or by theoretical calculations. The fourth and last chapter presents the experimental results of the relative permeability and susceptibility of a magnetic marker used to detect pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli O157: H7)

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Williams, Huw Davies. "Particle interactions in ferrofluid." Thesis, Bangor University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358596.

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Tadinada, Karthik. "Ferrofluid applications in micromechanical systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612319.

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Williams, Alicia M. "The Hydrodynamics of Ferrofluid Aggregates." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29446.

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Ferrofluids are comprised of subdomain particles of magnetite or iron oxide material that can become magnetized in the presence of a magnetic field. These unique liquids are being incorporated into many new applications due to the ability to control them at a distance using magnetic fields. However, although our understanding of the dynamics of ferrofluids has evolved, many aspects of ferrohydrodynamics remain largely unexplored, especially experimentally. This study is the first to characterize the stability and internal dynamics of accumulating or dispersing ferrofluid aggregates spanning the stable, low Reynolds number behavior to unstable, higher Reynolds numbers. The dynamics of ferrofluid aggregates are governed by the interaction between the bulk flow shear stresses acting to wash away the aggregate and magnetic body forces acting to retain them at the magnet location. This interaction results in different aggregate dynamics, including the stretching and coagulation of the aggregate to Kelvin-Helmholtz shedding from the aggregate interface as identified by focused shadowgraphs. Using TRDPIV, the first time-resolved flow field measurements conducted in ferrofluids reveal the presence of a three-stage process by which the ferrofluid interacts with a pulsatile bulk flow. An expanded parametric study of the effect of Reynolds number, magnetic field strength, and flow unsteadiness reveals that the increased field results can result in the lifting and wash away of the aggregate by means of vortex strengthening. In pulsatile flow, different forms of the three-stage interaction occur based on magnetic field, flow rate, and Reynolds number.
Ph. D.

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DUBOIS, EMMANUELLE. "Stabilite des solutions colloidales magnetiques (ferrofluides)." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066314.

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Les ferrofluides sont des liquides susceptibles de se deplacer ou de se deformer sous l'effet d'un champ magnetique. Ce sont des solutions colloidales constituees de nanoparticules d'oxyde metallique magnetique en suspension dans un liquide. Les particules sont obtenues par une synthese chimique et ont un diametre de l'ordre de 10 nm. Chaque grain est un petit aimant d'ou l'existence d'interactions dipolaires magnetiques qui font de ces solutions des modeles de fluides dipolaires. Le but de ce travail est l'etude de la stabilite des ferrofluides, indispensable a maitriser pour leur utilisation. Une methode de tri en taille a ete developpee pour reduire la polydispersite en taille des particules : des echantillons de taille moyenne entre 5 et 12 nm ont ete preparees. Deux types de ferrofluides ont ete consideres : des particules enrobees de citrate de sodium en suspension dans l'eau a ph 7 et des particules enrobees d'acide oleique en suspension dans le cyclohexane. Dans le premier cas, les repulsions entre particules sont electrostatiques tandis qu'elles sont steriques dans le second. La surface et les phenomenes d'adsorption ont ete etudies pour les deux types de solutions et ont montre de fortes analogies entre les deux systemes. Des experiences de diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles (dnpa) ont montre qu'il existe de fortes repulsions dans le produit initial. Par variation de parametres exterieurs (temperature, champ magnetique, addition d'electrolyte ou de mauvais solvant), les interactions sont modifiees, comme le confirment les spectres de dnpa pour les echantillons monophasiques. Au dela des seuils de destabilisation, l'echantillon se separe en deux phases : ces seuils ont ete mesures et les diagrammes de phase construits et interpretes.

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DABADIE, JEAN-CHRISTOPHE. "Instabilites de faraday dans un ferrofluide." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066538.

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Cette these est consacree a l'etude experimentale d'ondes stationnaires crees dans un ferrofluide. On soumet un ferrofluide a un champ magnetique alternatif, parallele a la surface libre du liquide. Au dessus d'un champ critique, des ondes de surface apparaissent par excitation parametrique. Les ondes de surface ainsi obtenues oscillent a la frequence excitatrice du champ magnetique. Nous avons calcule par un systeme d'equations couplees de landau-ginsburg, l'equation de stabilite marginale de cette instabilite. Nous avons mis en evidence des effets de taille finie, modifiant les previsions theoriques sur les valeurs de champ seuil. Nous avons aussi montre l'existence d'une transition rouleaux (ondes stationnaires) reseau rectangle, et ce pour un champ magnetique legerement superieur au champ critique de l'instabilite primaire. Nous avons pu expliquer theoriquement cette observation, en completant le systeme initial d'equations de landau-ginsburg. Nous avons en outre visualise des defauts mobiles ou immobiles a la surface du systeme d'ondes stationnaires. Certains de ces defauts sont a l'origine d'une transition vers le chaos spatio-temporel. La derniere partie de cette these presente d'autres mecanismes de destabilisation de l'instabilite primaire (ondes stationnaires)

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Soga, Diogo. "Estudo de propriedades não-lineares de colóides magnéticos nas escalas de tempo de mili e femtossegundos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-26032008-102947/.

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Neste trabalho, estudamos alguns colóides magnéticos dos tipos iônico e surfactado com partículas de estrutura tipo espinélio. Usamos a técnica de varredura-Z para investigar as amostras nas escalas de tempo de femtossegundos e milissegundos. Medimos o índice de refração não-linear nas duas escalas de tempo. Na escala de milissegundos todas as amostras apresentaram comportamento tipo lente divergente, e os valores obtidos são da ordem de 10^(-7) cm^2/W. Na escala de femtossegundos, as amostras iônicas apresentaram comportamento tipo lente convergente, com valores típicos do índice de refração não-linear da ordem de 10^(11) cm^2/W. Também medimos a absorção não-linear na escala de tempo de femtossegundos. Os valores obtidos são da ordem de 10^2 cm/GW. Com os dados obtidos na escala de femtossegundos calculamos a susceptibilidade elétrica de terceira ordem (chi(3)). O módulo de chi(3) encontrado é da ordem de 10^(-17) m^2/V^2 (ou 10^(-9) esu). Obtivemos evidências experimentais da contribuição da susceptibilidade elétrica de quinta-ordem nas medidas de absorção não-linear. Verificamos a presença do efeito de tamanho das partículas no valor de chi(3) ao estudar partículas de mesma composição e de diâmetros diferentes.
In this work, we studied some magnetic colloids of kind ionic and surfacted with particles of spinel struture. We used the Z-Scan technique to investigate the samples in the time scales of femto- and milliseconds. We measured the nonlinear refractive index in both time scales. In the scale of milliseconds all samples showed divergent-lens-type behavior, and the obtained values are of order of 10^(-7) cm^2/W. In the femtoseconds scale, the ionic-type samples have convergent-lens-type behavior, with the typical values of order of 10^(11) cm^2/W. Also we measured the nonlinear absorption in the femtoseconds time scale. The obtained values are of order of 10^2 cm/GW. With the data obtained in the femtoseconds time scale we calculated the third-order electric susceptibilities (chi(3)). The found modulus of chi(3) is of order of 10^(-17) m^2/V^2 (or 10^(-9) esu). We obtained experimental evidences that fifth-order electric susceptibilities can contribute to the measurements of nonlinear absorption. We observed the dependence of particles\' size effect in the values of chi(3) in the studies of particles of the same composition and different diameters.

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Shirzadfar, Hamidreza. "Conception et réalisation d'un biocapteur à GMR pour la caractérisation de milieux biologiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0045.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer des bio-capteurs à base de magnétorésistance géante (GMR), ainsi que l'électronique de conditionnement associée, en vue de caractériser magnétiquement des ferrofluides biologiques. Ce travail a été réalisé en collaboration avec le Pr Sotoshi YAMADA de l'Institut « Nature and Environmental Technology» de l'Université de Kanazawa. La première partie porte sur l'état de l'art et les méthodes de mesures des propriétés magnétiques des ferrofluides et la physique de l'effet GMR. La deuxième partie concerne la mise en place d'un dispositif de mesure pour déterminer et caractériser la valeur de la sensibilité de chaque capteur. Cette sensibilité est une caractéristique cruciale pour toute application biomédicale. Sa connaissance et son optimisation permettent d'envisager des mesures précises et justes des propriétés magnétiques des ferrofluides notamment à bas niveau de signal. La troisième partie, également expérimentale, décrit les mesures de la perméabilité relative (µr) et de la susceptibilité (X) de fluides magnétiques (ferrofluides) par des capteurs GMR I, II. En outre, afin de confirmer les résultats expérimentaux obtenus avec ces capteurs, nous les avons comparés à ceux obtenus avec d'autres méthodes comme la magnétométrie à échantillon vibrant (VSM) ou à des calculs théoriques. Le quatrième et dernier chapitre présente les résultats expérimentaux de la perméabilité relative et de la susceptibilité d'un marqueur magnétique permettant la détection de la bactérie pathogène Escherichia coli O157: H7
The intent of this thesis is to develop bio-sensors based on giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and the associated conditioning electronics, to characterize magnetically organic ferrofluids. This work was done in collaboration with Pr Sotoshi YAMADA of the Institute "Nature and Environmental Technology" at the University of Kanazawa. The first part focuses on the state of the art and the methods for magnetic properties measurements of ferrofluids and the description of the GMR effect. The second part concerns the introduction of a measuring device to determine and characterize the value of the sensitivity of each sensor. This sensitivity is a crucial parameter for any biomedical application. Its knowledge allows optimization of sensors ability to measure very low magnetic parameters of ferrofluids very precisely. The third experimental part describes measurements of relative permeability (µr) and susceptibility (X) of magnetic ferrofluids with GMR sensors I, II. In addition, to confirm the experimental results obtained with these sensors, we have compared them to those obtained with other methods such as vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) or by theoretical calculations. The fourth and last chapter presents the experimental results of the relative permeability and susceptibility of a magnetic marker used to detect pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli O157: H7)

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Santos, Sergio Henrique Faria. "Teorias constitutivas para fluidos polares e ferrofluidos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/36656.

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Orientador: Gilberto Medeiros Kremer
Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná
Resumo: A partir da consideração de um campo diretor extensível, são construídas as equações de balanço apropriadas para fluidos anisotrópicos, fluidos polares e ferrofluidos. Teorias constitutivas para estes dois últimos materiais são desenvolvidas, sendo analisadas algumas similaridades entre ambas. Para o caso dos fluidos polares, são obtidas equações constitutivas para meios não-simples hemitrópicos e isotrópicos, além de dois parâmetros adimensionais que estimam a influência da microestrutura sobre o comportamento do fluido. Já para os ferrofluidos, é desenvolvida uma teoria constitutiva que considera não apenas os fenômenos magnéticos de relaxação e saturação, mas também os efeitos associados à inércia rotacional das partículas em suspensão. Por fim, através das restrições apropriadas, é possível resgatar as relações constitutivas para ferrofluidos propostas previamente por outros autores.
Abstract: By considering an extensible director field, one can get the balance equations for anisotropic fluids, polar fluids and ferrofluids. Constitutive theories for these last two materials are developed, and some similarities between both are analyzed. For polar fluids, constitutive equations for non-simple hemitropic and isotropic media are obtained, as well as two adimensional parameters which estimates the influence of the microstructure upon the behavior of the fluid. For ferrofluids, a constitutive theory which takes into account not only the magnetic relaxation and saturation effects, but also the rotational inertia of the suspending particles is developed. Finally, the use suitable restrictions leads to the constitutive relations proposed previously by other authors.

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Engel, Mark 1962. "Weakly nonlinear surface waves in a ferrofluid." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13515.

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Wu, Yining. "Étude des phénomènes interfaciaux à micro-échelle." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0330/document.

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Cette thèse a étudié de façon systématique les processus de la rupture et de la coalescence impliquant une interface liquide-liquide (gouttelettes) ou gaz-liquide (bulles) en présence ou pas d’un champ magnétique dans des dispositifs microfluidiques, à l’aide d’une caméra rapide. Les mécanismes de la rupture d’une interface ferrofluide sous différents champs magnétiques ont été étudiés et comparés. On a constaté que la structure morphologique et la vitesse d’amincissement du cou peuvent être contrôlées activement par la force magnétique. Ainsi, le volume et la fréquence de formation de gouttelettes de ferrofluide peuvent être pilotés aisément. La rupture de l'interface liquide-liquide a généralement conduit à la formation de gouttelettes satellites avec sa taille proportionnelle au nombre capillaire de la phase continue. La coalescence des gouttelettes ont aussi été étudiée avec l’analyse de l'évolution du cou reliant deux gouttelettes. Il a été constaté que la formation du pont ou du cou liquide pouvait se produire dans la gamme de l'ordre de dizaines de micromètres entre les bords d'attaque sous champ magnétique. L'inertie d’origine d'attraction magnétique sur des gouttelettes de ferrofluide devenait la force motrice pour la coalescence lors de la première étape au détriment de la force capillaire
This thesis systematically investigates the breakup and coalescence processes of the involved droplet (bubble) interface under magnetic field or not in two-phase microfluidic flow, by using a high speed digital camera. The whole breakup processes of ferrofluid interface under different magnetic fields were investigated and compared. It was found that the morphological structure and necking velocity of the interface can be actively controlled by the magnetic force. Thus the volumes and the formation frequencies of ferrofluid droplets can be actively adjusted. The breakup of Liquid-Liquid interface usually leads to the formation of satellite droplet with its size proportional to the capillary number of the continuous phase. The coalescences of droplets were investigated. The evolution of the neck connecting two droplets was analyzed. It was found that the formation of liquid bridge or neck could occurs with a visible gap in the order of tens of micrometers between the leading edges under magnetic field and the inertia of the ferrofluid originating from the magnetic attraction fields becomes the driving force at the initial stage of coalescence instead of capillary force

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Bregenzer, Sarah. "Viskosität und Diffusion in Ferrofluiden." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB12046140.

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Shahnazian, Hamid. "Schubspannungsgesteuerte rheologische Untersuchungen an Ferrofluiden." Düsseldorf VDI-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/993724736/04.

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Elias, Florence. "Ferrofluides et mousses liquides : structure, élasticité et dynamique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921801.

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Ce manuscrit est consacré à l'étude de la morphologie et des propriétés physiques de deux fluides complexes : les ferrofluides et les mousses liquides. Dans un premier temps, nous abordons la structuration dans un système formé d'un ferrofluide et l'influence d'un champ magnétique sur le motif adopté. Ensuite, nous étudions les propriétés de mousses liquides magnétiques, en particulier la façon dont elles peuvent être pilotées par un champ magnétique. Puis nous considérons des expériences permettant d'étudier localement la rhéologie de fluides complexes. Enfin, nous étudions la mécanique des mousses liquide à l'échelle de le bulle : vibration d'un film de savon et élasticité d'une jonction entre films de savon.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ferrofluids'

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