Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ferromagnetisme'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Ferromagnetisme.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Villuendas, Pellicero Diego. "Magnetic deflagration in Mn₁₂-ac and Nd₅Ge₃ : new techniques and phenomena." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396118.
Full textEl objetivo que persigue esta tesis es impulsar el estudio de las deflagraciones magnéti-cas gracias, por una parte al descubrimiento del fenómeno en un sistema nuevo y pro-metedor como es el compuesto intermetálico Nd5Ge3, y por otra a la presentación de un método nuevo de medición de las dependencias espacio-temporales de las mismas utilizando técnicas magneto-ópticas. Manteniendo el hilo conductor del fenómeno de las deflagraciones magnéticas, esta tesis doctoral se divide en dos partes. En la primera parte presento mis investigaciones en el estudio del sistema Mn12—ac. A partir de los tratamientos de los videos obtenidos se confirma la presencia de deflagraciones magnéticas. La segunda parte de la tesis está dedicada al compuesto intermetálico Nd5Ge3. Éste compuesto se trata de uno de los pocos sistemas en los que mediante un campo magnéti-co externo se induce espontáneamente un estado ferromagnético (FM) con gran irre-versibilidad proviniendo de un estado antiferromagnético (AFM). Además, los cambios magnéticos que experimenta el sistema, tanto dicha transición AFM—>FM como la in-versión de la magnetización en el estado FM, ocurren de forma muy abrupta, siendo también uno de los escasos sistemas que presenta esta propiedad. Dedico tres capítulos al estudio de sus propiedades magnéticas, térmicas y eléctri-cas, tanto estáticas como dinámicas. En esas medidas encuentro fenómenos interesantes, desde generación espontánea de voltaje durante las deflagraciones magnéticas, hasta la aparición de saltos espontáneos de la magnetización con el tiempo (manteniendo la tem-peratura y el campo magnético constantes), pasando por la obtención de términos de origen antiferromagnético en la dependencia térmica de la capacidad calorífica del estado ferromagnético saturado, o una magnetorresistencia gigante entre ambos estados, entre otros. En el sexto capítulo, las medidas experimentales confirman la existencia del fenómeno de la deflagración magnética en ambas fases, AFM y FM. La velocidad de propagación del frente obtenida en la teoría de deflagraciones se ajusta bien a los datos experimen-tales. Utilizando la bondad del ajuste, extrapolamos la velocidad teórica hacia campos magnéticos elevados y encontramos la posibilidad de que ésta iguale o supere la velocidad del sonido en el material. Lo más remarcable es que esta posible transición se observa en la extrapolación para campos menores de 50 kOe. Por lo que, en principio, reduciendo la temperatura podríamos ser capaces de obtener medidas de dicha transición. Sin em-bargo, el estudio de las deflagraciones espontáneas en función de la temperatura llevado a cabo en un criostato de dilución resultó un claro ejemplo de serendipia. En vez de alcanzar velocidades supersónicas, lo que encontré fueron unas discontinuidades de salto en los campos de deflagración espontánea no predichas. Por lo tanto, el capítulo pasa a enfocarse en su estudio, concluyendo que su origen está relacionado con propiedades intrínsecas del Nd5Ge3.
Statuto, Nahuel. "Magnetic Excitations Induced by Surface Acoustic Waves and Spin-Polarized Currents." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667710.
Full textLa tesis gira en torno al estudio de la dinámica de la magnetización en capas y multicapas delgadas ferromagnéticas. Sin embargo, los sistemas estudiados son diversos y pueden clasificarse por la técnica utilizada para la excitación de la dinámica de la magnetización. Este hecho queda plasmado en la estructura de la tesis que consta de una introducción general, Capítulo 1, y luego de dos partes independientes y separadas, a su vez, en varios capítulos. El orden en la exposición de los resultados pretende seguir una linea lógica para su compresión. Como contrapartida, los resultados son presentados sin seguir un orden cronológico. La primera parte de la tesis estudia la dinámica de la magnetización inducida por la aplicación de tensión dinámicamente sobre el material magnético, que al deformarlo induce en él un cambio en la dirección e intensidad de la anisotropía magnética. Por lo tanto, los estados magnéticos se ven afectados por esta variación y cambian para alinearse con la nueva dirección de anisotropía magnética induciendo dinámica en la magnetización. La segunda parte de la tesis estudia la dinámica de la magnetización inducida por la aplicación de corriente polarizada a través del material magnético que intercambia momento magnético con los espines magnéticos de los electrones de la corriente. Para que esta transferencia de momento magnético sea efectiva la densidad de corriente ha de ser elevada (~106-107 A/cm2) y para conseguirla se reduce hasta los 50-200 nm el diámetro del contacto eléctrico. Los materiales ferromagnéticos con grosor nanométrico usados en esta tesis son materiales magnéticos usados ampliamente en la investigación. Aparte del interés puramente científico, estos materiales son potencialmente aplicables en telecomunicaciones o tecnologías del almacenaje y transmisión de información a altas velocidades.
Labarta, Amílcar. "Estudio de las propiedades magnéticas de ftalocianinas y sistemas ferromagnéticos diluidos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665977.
Full textIakovlev, Ilia. "Internal Field NMR of Cobalt nanoparticles in catalysts : size effects and particle-support interaction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLS079.
Full textThe chemical properties of supported Co nanoparticles depend on their size, morphology, crystal structure, and the strength of interaction with the support. These characteristics reflect themselves in the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic nanoparticles, namely in the distribution of the hyperfine magnetic field across the particle and thus in the resonant frequency of 59Co nuclei in a 59Co Internal Field NMR (IF NMR) experiment. This unconventional NMR technique is a powerful tool for studying the crystal and magnetic structure of ferromagnetic metallic cobalt as well the local environment of Co nuclei. However, the application of this technique is hindered by the complicated nature of the experimental spectra that are subject to contributions from various sources. Thus, the main aim of this work was to establish the effects on 59Co IF NMR spectra of two aspects particularly important in heterogeneous catalysis – particle size distribution and metal-support interaction.The effect of particle size distribution was demonstrated on a model sample of small Co nanoparticles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes where the transition of the particles from superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic state was observed using 59Co IF NMR spectroscopy. The temperature of such a transition for an individual particle depends on its volume, making it possible to use 59Co IF NMR to characterize particle size distribution in a sample.The influence of the support surface on the structure of the Co nanoparticles was investigated using samples supported on metastable alumina phases. According to the 59Co IF NMR, the surface of χ-Al2O3 promoted formation of larger Co particles and favored the hcp crystal structure. Using semi-empirical calculations, we suggest that the hydroxyl coverage of the alumina is the main support characteristic determining the Co nanoparticles structure
Coy, Emerson. "Growth and characterization of new multiferroic materials." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/395177.
Full textLos materiales multiferroicos, en los que dos o más ordenes ferroicos tienen lugar en la misma fase, ha despertado gran interés en los últimos años debido, no solo al hecho de explorar nuevas propiedades físicas en los materiales, sino también a las implicaciones de las nuevas propiedades funcionales en las aplicaciones tecnológicas. De dichos materiales resultan especialmente interesantes aquellos que presentan un orden ferroeléctrico (FE) y ferromagnético (FM) debido a su aplicación directa en dispositivos magnetoelectrónicos. En este ámbito los materiales multiferroicos podrían tener una gran relevancia en una nueva generación de memorias magnéticas RAM (MRAM) de control eléctrico, no volátiles, en las que, si el acoplamiento magnetoeléctrico es suficientemente grande, se podría modificar el estado magnético no con un campo magnético sino con un campo eléctrico. Este hecho permitiría una reducción radical en el consumo de potencia y favorecería a su vez una mayor integración (la principal desventaja de las MRAMs para competir en el mercado), ya que el campo eléctrico, a diferencia del campo magnético, puede aplicarse de forma muy localizada. Por otro lado, dichos materiales multiferroicos podrían emplearse en una nueva generación de uniones túnel, en las que el carácter ferroeléctrico y ferromagnético permitiría codificar información en cuatro estados resistivos en lugar de en dos, como viene siendo hasta ahora en las convencionales uniones túnel magnéticas o ferroeléctricas, dando lugar a una nueva generación de memorias de cuatro estados. Los materiales con estructura perovskita, ABB '03, (A=Tierra Rara, Bismuto, Plomo e Ytrio) ofrecen una gran versatilidad a la hora de diseñar materiales funcionales debido a la gran variedad de cationes A, B y B' compatibles con tal estructura. Sin embargo en el caso de R(NiMn)03, estos óxidos han sido poco estudiados y muchos carecen de estudios detallados tanto en forma másica como en capa fina. Esta selección de cationes en la posición B y B' parece transformar la estructura perovskita la cual típicamente presenta un ordenamiento paramagnético (PM) en FM a temperaturas inferiores a la ambiente. El carácter multiferroico de estos materiales es típicamente aportado por el catión A en la formula perovskita, el cual puede ser un átomo de Bi, o Pb, para crear un multiferroico tipo 1. En los materiales de este tipo, por ejemplo el Bi2NiMnO6, la ferroelectricidad y el ferromagnetismo provienen de fuentes diferentes, el carácter FE es aportado por el catión A con -lone pairs electrons-, los cuales son electrones libres en la banda de valencia que no participan en las reacciones químicas del compuesto, mientras la combinación Ni2+ (d8) and Mn4+ (d3) aporta el FM. Pese al carácter multiferroico de estos materiales su acoplamiento magnetoelectrico, indispensable para sus aplicaciones industriales futuras, es débil, puesto que su FE y FM provienen de efectos independientes. Por otra parte la inducción de FE por distorsiones geométricas de la celda perovskitas, como es el caso de YMnO3 (YMO), es un caso interesante de considerar ya que la rotación de los octaedros Mn05 genera un cambio estructural importante, en el cual los oxígenos se desplazan a una posición más cercana al Y, esto sumado a una larga interacción de los dipolos conduce al material a un estado FE estable. Además la deformación de la celda genera un débil FM en este material, el cual proviene un pequeño giro en los espines del Mn ya sea debido a un dopaje con Li o por la deformación de la celda. Este comportamiento podría resultar interesante en la familia de perovskitas R(NiMn)03 las cuales presentan un fuerte FM. Esta tesis está dedicada al estudio de la perovskitas R(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O3 (Y, Sm, Nd y Pr) y Bi(Fe0.5Mn0.5)O6 crecidas en capa fina usando la técnica de depósito mediante ablación por láser pulsado. En primer lugar, esta tesis se centra en el crecimiento y caracterización de capas finas del compuesto Y(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O3 (YNMO) sobre substratos de titanato de estroncio, SrTiO3(001) (STO). Se estudia la influencia de los parámetros de depósito tales como temperatura, fluencia y frecuencia de ablación sobre la morfología y la calidad cristalina de las capas obtenidas. El estudio pone de manifiesto que las capas de YNMO crecidas sobre substratos de STO(001,011 y 111) son epitaxiales de YNMO y que la calidad cristalina y las relaciones epitaxiales entre la capa y el substrato son semejantes a las obtenidas en el compuesto YMO. En particular se observa un único dominio cristalino fuera del plano independientemente de la orientación del sustrato, mientras que dentro del plano se presentan varios dominios cristalinos. Por otra parte, los estudios de composición química revelan una difusión de Ti desde el sustrato hacía la capa de YMNO cuando se utilizan substratos STO(111).. Una vez optimizadas las condiciones de crecimiento del compuesto YNMO, se estudian sus propiedades magnéticas y dieléctricas. Todas las capas presentan una transición de fase paramagnetica a ferromagnética a una temperatura alrededor de 95K con un momento magnético de YNMO(001)= 4.35µB/f.u, YNMO(100) = 4,4 µB/f.u and YNMO(101) = 3,7µB/f.u, confirmando el carácter ferromagnético de las muestras. La caracterización dieléctrica revela el carácter FE de las capas de YNMO y lo que es más interesante, la existencia de anisotropía dieléctrica en las capas, ésta se pone de manifiesto en la ausencia de respuesta FE en capas YNMO sobre STO(001) que contrasta con la fuerte respuesta de las capas de YNMO sobre STO(111). Esta anisotropía puede tener su origen, a la luz de los recientes estudios teóricos, en el carácter impropio de la ferroelectricidad observada, a la luz de recientes estudios teóricos. La coexistencia de FM y FE muestra de manera conclusiva el carácter multiferroico del compuesto YNMO. En segundo lugar se han realizado estudios similares a los anteriores para el caso de capas finas de los compuestos del tipo R(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O3 (Sm, Nd y Pr) crecidas en STO(001). En este caso la influencia de la temperatura de depósito resulta ser un factor importante para la obtención, en todos los compuestos estudiados, de crecimiento epitaxial. Se observa que el cociente b/a entre las constantes red juega un factor importante en la epitaxia de las capas, siendo este cociente un factor determinante en el crecimiento mono-dominio o multi-dominio de las capas. Todas las muestras presentan transiciones PM a FM a temperaturas alrededor de 190K. Por último, se han crecido y estudiado capas finas del compuesto Bi(Fe0.5Mn0.5)O6 depositadas sobre STO(001). Las capas obtenidas son epitaxiales y crecen sometidas a estrés inducido por el substrato. Presentan comportamiento FM a temperatura ambiente pero con una débil señal de 7,42 emu/cm3 y 0,4 µB/f.u(Fe-Mn). La caracterización dieléctrica pone de manifiesto la influencia, a temperaturas superiores a la ambiente, de la presencia de campo magnético sobre las propiedades dieléctricas.
PAILLAUD, JEAN-LOUIS. "Ferromagnetisme dans des composes organiques ou inorganiques de basse dimensionalite : etude des correlations magneto-structurales." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR13077.
Full textKOUACOU, ABAKA MICHEL. "Apparition du ferromagnetisme itinerant dans des composes de type heusler. Relation avec des transitions isolant-metal." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10087.
Full textHeras, Paniagua Carlos. "Tautomería de valencia en moléculas con número par de electrones: transición térmica al estado electrónico triplete inducida por un cambio conformacional. Nuevos materiales con comportamientos ferromagnéticos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396318.
Full textWe have synthesized a new family of molecules, purely organic and with even number of electrons, which have paramagnetic properties. The aim of this work has been to know the basis by which these molecules, apparently closed shell, show the typical response of a radical, and the confirmation of these properties by other techniques. Initially, these molecules consisted of nitroacridine and benzothiazole covalent bonded through a nitrogen. These donor-acceptor systems were studied to measure their nonlinear optical properties as well as their tautomers. However, they were observed to have a typical free radical behavior. These molecules showed a strong response to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetization in the temperature range between 4 and 300 K in solid state. First, we synthesized a variety of molecules with the same structural pattern, or minimal central unit, which conserve the paramagnetic properties. These modifications were aimed at to vary both the size and the functional groups or heteroatoms to get a sufficiently small, symmetrical and simple molecula enough to make a theoretical and computational study providing information about this new phenomena. This study revealed as from the twist of the double bond between the nitrogen and the different heterocycles, N = C, the molecule can reach the triplet electronic ground state. A minimum in the potential energy surface is reached thermally without the need of a photochemical excitation. Another variety of molecules were synthetized where the paramagnetic properties were increased, according to the theoretical model established, by steric constraints in order to minimize the energy difference between the electronic states.They also were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques, determination of the crystal structure and reactivity with known free radicals. A total of 53 new molecules were synthesized, including various biological molecules with the same structural pattern, which maintained the same paramagnetic properties.
Miguel, López María del Carmen. "Dynamic Properties of Magnetic Colloidal Particles and Holes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667638.
Full textA lo largo de esta monografía nos hemos ocupado del estudio de sistemas fluidos, tanto con monodominios magnéticos como con dos tipos distintos de partículas, magnéticas y no magnéticas, en dispersión en un líquido newtoniano en situaciones fuera del equilibrio. El comportamiento de estos sistemas se ve influenciado en gran medida por la presencia de un campo magnético externo, lo que da lugar a nuevos fenómenos que han sido el fundamento de muchas aplicaciones prácticas. Sin embargo, esta influencia depende de los diferentes procesos de relajación que tienen lugar dentro las partículas, con respecto a sus ejes cristalinos, así como fuera de ellas, con respecto al fluido portador. Hemos descrito cuáles son estos procesos y obtenido la dependencia con respecto de los parámetros que describen las partículas y el fluido, de algunos coeficientes que caracterizan las propiedades reológicas, magnéticas y ópticas de la suspensión coloidal.
Hailin, Wang. "Epitaxial growth of complex functional oxide thin films by green and sustainable chemical solution methods." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671375.
Full textLos óxidos con estructura perovskita son muy interesantes debido a su amplio rango de posibles aplicaciones en espintrónica, dispositivos magneto-ópticos o catálisis. La mayoría de estas aplicaciones requieren de la utilización de capas delgadas o heterostructuras. Las propiedades electrónicas de las perovskitas están determinadas por las propiedades físicas asociadas con los metales de transición y con los aniones oxígeno de los vértices de los octaehdros BO6. Las técnicas de crecimiento a partir de disoluciones químicas son muy prometedoras para la consecución de capas epitaxiales de óxidos, debido a su elevado rendimiento, fácil escalado, bajo coste y a que pueden ser más respetuosas con el medio ambiente. En esta Tesis, se ha utilizado la deposición asistida por polímeros (DAP), utilizando disoluciones acuosas para preparar capas de compuestos derivados de las manganitas de lantano, como son La0.92MnO3, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, La2CoMnO6 y La2NiMnO6 sobre substratos de SrTiO3 y LaAlO3. El La0.92MnO3 y el La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 son ferromagnéticos y metálicos a bajas temperaturas, mientras que el La2CoMnO6 y el La2NiMnO6 son ferromagnéticos y aislantes. Todos estos compuestos poseen una temperatura de Curie cercana a temperatura ambiente. Primeramente, presentamos los conceptos básicos relativas a los óxidos metálicos tipo perovskita, incluyendo su estructura y propiedades magnéticas, y los métodos utilizados en general para su crecimiento. Seguidamente presentamos los detalles del método de crecimiento por DAP, y las técnicas de caracterización de las propiedades estructurales y físicas de las capas crecidas. La tercera parte consiste en la compilación de los artículos ya publicados sobre capas epitaxiales de La0.92MnO3, La2CoMnO6 y La2NiMnO6 crecidas por DAP. El comportamiento térmico de las soluciones precursoras se ha analizado por medio de medidas combinadas de análisis termogravimétrico y calorimetría diferencial. La propiedades estructurales se analizaron a partir de la difracción de rayos-x. El espesor de las capas se estajo a partir de medidas de reflectividad de rayos-x. La microscopia de fuerzas atómicas sirvió para estudiar la rugosidad de las capas. Las propiedades magnéticas estáticas se estudiaron utilizando un magnetómetro SQUID. Medidas de microscopia electrónica de rastreo combinadas espectrocopía de pérdida de energía de electrones confirmaron el ordenamiento catiónico Co/Mn en capas de La2CoMnO6, y medidas con radiación de sincrotrón (ALBA) se utilizaron para determinar el grado de desorden en capas de La2NiMnO6. Las propiedades de dinámica de magnetismo en capas de La0.92MnO3 y en bicapas de La0.92MnO3/Pt en función de la temperatura, fueron estudiadas por medidas de resonancia ferromagnética. Los resultados muestran que las condiciones de crecimiento propias de la DAP (condiciones de crecimiento lentas y próximas al equilibrio termodinámico) promueven la formación de capas de alta calidad con una elevada cristalinidad, al mismo tiempo que favorecen el ordenamiento catiónico. De esta forma, se han obtenido capas de La2CoMnO6 completamente ordenadas, y capas de La2NiMnO6 ordeadas 80%. Por otra parte, las medidas de resonancia ferromagnética en capas de La0.92MnO3 y en bicapas de La0.92MnO3/Pt, indican un claro aumento del ensanchamiento ferromagnético en las bicapas, lo cual indica una trasferencia del momento de espín de la capa de La0.92MnO3 a la cap de Pt por bombeo de espines. Este hecho demuestra que la técnica DAP permite la obtención de capas de óxidos complejos de una calidad microestuctural elevada y adecuadas para aplicaciones espintrónicas. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la DAP es competitiva comparada con los métodos físicos de crecimiento de capas, y permite obtener capas epitaxiales de óxidos complejos de gran calidad. En particular, las condiciones de crecimiento propias de la DAP son propicias a facilitar el ordenamiento catiónico en capas de óxidos con estructura doble perovskita.
Perovskites oxides are of strong interest due the huge potential range of applications they offer with a particularly simple structure, such as spintronics, magneto-optic devices, or catalysis, and most of these applications require the use of thin films and heterostructures. Most of the electronic properties of perovskites are determined by the physics associated with the transition metal and the corner-sharing oxygen anions of the BO6 octahedra therefore, in double perovskite structures, the ordered arrangement of cations in the B-site position is of major relevance. Chemical solution deposition (CSD) techniques are promising methodologies to achieve epitaxial oxide thin films combining high performance with high easy scalability, environment friendly fabrication and low cost. In this thesis, the polymer-assisted deposition (PAD), an aqueous CSD method, is used to prepare derivatives of lanthanum manganite perovskite films, including La0.92MnO3, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, La2CoMnO6 and La2NiMnO6 films on SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 substrates. La0.92MnO3 and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 display ferromagnetic metallic conducting properties, La2CoMnO6 and La2NiMnO6 are ferromagnetic insulating. All these films have Curie temperatures near room temperature. Firstly, we introduced the basic concepts related to perovskite oxides, including the structure and the magnetic properties, and the methods to grow oxide thin films. Secondly, more detailed processes of PAD method and characterizations will be presented. The third part is a compilation of articles of the La0.92MnO3, La2CoMnO6 and La2NiMnO6 films. All the films were prepared by PAD method. The thermal behavior of the mixed metal polymer precursor solution was traced by combining differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The structural features were studied by X-ray diffraction. The thickness was measured with X-ray reflectivity. The surface topography of the films was measured by AFM. Static magnetic properties were measured using a SQUID magnetometer. The scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) measurements together with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) was used to confirm the full Co/Mn cationic ordering in La2CoMnO6 films, and ALBA synchrotron radiation facilities were used to investigate the disordering in La2NiMnO6 films. The dynamic magnetic properties of La0.92MnO3 thin films and La0.92MnO3/Pt bilayers as a function of temperature were studied by using a ferromagnetic resonance spectrometer. The results show that the particular crystallization and growth process conditions of PAD (very slow rate, close to thermodynamic equilibrium conditions) promote high crystallinity and quality of the films, as well as favors spontaneous B-site cationic ordering, almost full B-site cationic ordering can be achieved in La2CoMnO6 while the ordering factor in La2NiMnO6 films is around 80%. The La2CoMnO6 and La2NiMnO6 samples prepared by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) have similar magnetic properties to the counterpart films prepared by using conventional annealing processes, showing only slight differences in the microstructure. On the other hand, ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements in La0.92MnO3 films and La0.92MnO3/Pt bilayers indicate a clear increase of the magnetic damping in the later, which may be indicative of the transfer of spin momentum from La0.92MnO3 to the Pt layer by spin pumping. This fact demonstrates that PAD technique allows obtaining complex oxide thin films of high microstructural quality suitable for spintronics applications. Our results make evident the CSD-PAD method can be competitive with physical methods allowing obtaining complex oxide epitaxial thin films of high quality. In particular, the growth conditions of PAD are prone to promote spontaneous B-site cationic ordering in double perovskite oxide.
Palermo, Xavier. "Proximity and flux pinning effects in superconductor-ferromagnet hybrids." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS231/document.
Full textSuperconductor-ferromagnet hybrid systems often bring about new physics and may as well be useful to design new non-volatile, high-density memory devices for superconducting electronics.In this thesis, we study two different types of SF hybrids, each following a possible approach to memory devices, but focusing on fundamental aspects. One is about the proximity effect in oxide heterostructures. In these, triplet correlations appear, that are both superconducting and spin-polarized. These enable using effects from spintronics like GMR, but are also very dependent on interface properties. We investigated these in SFS oxide trilayers by conductance measurements. These showed oscillations which may, in part, be related to these triplet states. We also observed that interface effects affect the electronic properties of the ferromagnet, especially when that layer is thin. Another type of interaction occurs through stray magnetic fields from the domain structures. Recent theoretical proposals suggested that small swirling spin textures called skyrmions could similarly interact with superconductivity through this mechanism. We investigated such coupling in bilayers, in which the superconducting vortex dynamics dominate the transport properties. We found that the presence of skyrmions and domains alike enhances the critical current. It also leads to an unusual Hall effect in the superconducting state. Most of these properties can be explained qualitatively in terms of vortex pinning and guided motion
Fácio, Thais Josiani Silva. "Transporte eletrônico em estruturas híbridas : uma aproximação usando funções de green de não-equílibrio /." Ilha Solteira, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136339.
Full textBanca: Victor Ciro Solano Reynoso
Banca: Rodrigo Yoshikawa Oeiras
Resumo: Neste trabalho é proposto a investigação teórica de uma junção formada por metal supercondutor e um metal ferromagnético acoplados através de dois canais. O primeiro canal consiste de um acoplamento direto entre os metais, enquanto que o segundo canal é formado através um ponto quântico composto por um nível discreto. Para isso utilizamos como ferramenta as funções de Green de não-equilíbrio, por meio das quais obtemos o cálculo e as curvas para a corrente elétrica, números de ocupação e transmitância. É demonstrado que podemos alterar o tipo de spin no ponto quântico, e este sobrevive a presença de um campo magnético por meio de um efeito de interferência. Por meio deste resultado, é possível manipular um spin em um ponto quântico por meio de variáveis externas, o que pode ser de interesse em aplicações na computação quântica
Abstract: In this work is proposed the theorical investigation of a double-path junction formed by a ferromagnetic and a supercondutor lead. The first path connects superconductor and ferromagnet by an insulator barrier while in the second path these metals are connected by a single level quantum dot. We have used the nonequilibrium Green's functions to perform the calculations as well as to obtain the curves for electrical current, occupation numbers and transmittance. It is shown that the spin within the quantum dot can be manipulated by means of external parameters which can be of interesed in quantum computation applications
Mestre
Pereira, Estéfani Marchiori. "Interação entre ferromagnetos e supercondutores em nanoestruturas fabricadas por ablação a laser e litografia por feixe de elétrons." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3949.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2017-07-04T18:17:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Estéfani M Pereira (Mestrado).pdf: 29753105 bytes, checksum: 975117286ae941fc4c80d8fb96a32de5 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Dois fenômenos de natureza antagônica juntos em um sistema híbrido podem apresentar propriedades muito diferentes, e um exemplo é o sistema híbrido de supercondutividade e ferromagnetismo, onde diversos novos fenômenos podem ser observados, como vórtices espontâneos. Aqui, dois sistemas híbridos supercondutor-ferromagneto foram estudados: Um consistindo de uma camada de Nb(200 nm) entre duas camadas de nanopartículas ferromagnéticas de Ni( ∼5 nm), preparadas por ablação a laser, com os gases Ar e O2 para produção das nanopartículas; O outro consiste de uma primeira camada feita de nanodiscos ferromagnéticos de Py( ∼1 m) desenvolvidos com litografia por feixe de elétrons, com uma disposição de rede quadrada com determinadas distâncias entre nanodiscos adjacentes, cobertos por uma segunda camada de Al2O3, ambos depositados por pulverização catódica, e por fim uma terceira camada supercondutora de Nb(200 nm) preparada por ablação a laser. As nanopartículas de Ni no primeiro sistema estão em contato direto com a camada de Nb e como resultado, o efeito de proximidade está presente no sistema. Diferentemente, os nanodiscos de Py no segundo sistema estão eletricamente isolados da camada de Nb, que pode eliminar o efeito de proximidade, assim a interação entre nanodiscos magnéticos e o Nb supercondutor ocorre somente através dos campos magnéticos remanescentes dos nanodiscos de Ni. A microestrutura estudada mostra que as nanopartículas feitas em gás Ar e O2 possuem formatos muito diferentes: uma (preparada em Ar) é cubica e a outra (preparada em O2) é esférica. Os diferentes formatos das nanopartículas de Ni apresentam influência muito diferente sobre as propriedades supercondutoras da camada de Nb: a amostra com nanopartículas de Ni(Ar) não apresenta uma transição de vortex vidro e a amostra com nanopartículas de Ni(O2) mostra um estado de vortex vidro bem claro sem qualquer campo magnético externo aplicado, indicado pelas medidas V(I). No segundo sistema, as medidas de transporte indicam a formação de clusters de vórtices na camada supercondutora sobre os nanodiscos magnéticos devido aos momentos magnéticos deles, e os vórtices induzidos por um único nanodisco podem formar uma fase de vortex vidro. A dimensão do espaçamento entre discos desempenha também um papel muito importante. A amostra com uma distância muito grande entre nanodiscos não mostrou uma curva V(I) com formato ’S’ mas possui uma fase vortex vidro; quando diminui a distância entre discos, as curvas V(I) próximas à temperatura de transição vortex vidro deformaram para um formato ’S’, indicando que os vórtices induzidos pelos diferentes nanodiscos estão interagindo uns com os outros quando as distâncias entre discos são menores do que um valor crítico.
Two phenomena with antagonistic nature together in a hybrid system can have very different properties and one of the samples is the hybrid of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in which many new phenomena can be observed, such as spontaneous vortices. Here two superconducting-ferromagnetic hybrid systems have been studied: one consists of a Nb layer(200 nm) between two layers of ferromagnetic Ni nanoparticles( ∼5 nm), which is prepared by pulsed laser deposition(PLD) with Ar and O2 for the production of Ni nanoparticles; the other consists of a first layer made of ferromagnetic permalloy (Py) nanodisks( ∼1 m)developed by e-beam lithography, with the arrangement of square lattice with certain distances between two adjacent nanodisks, covered by a second layer of Al2O3, both deposited by magnetron sputtering, and finally a third layer of superconducting Nb(200 nm) prepared by PLD. The Ni nanoparticles in the first system are in direct contact with the Nb layer and as a result, the proximity effect in the system is presented. In contrast, the Py nanodisks in the second system are electrically insulated from the Nb layer which can eliminate the proximity effect, thus the interaction between the magnetic nanodisks and superconducting Nb is through the magnetic stray fields of Ni nanodisks only. The microstructure study shows that the nanoparticles made in Ar and O2 gases have very different shapes: one (prepare in Ar) is cubic and the other (prepared in O2) is spherical. The different shapes of the Ni nanoparticles have very different influence on the superconducting properties of the Nb layer: the sample with Ni (Ar) nanoparticles does not show a vortex glass transition and the sample with Ni (O2) nanoparticles shows a very clear votex glass state without any external magnetic field applied, indicated by the V(I) measurements. In the second studied system, the transport measurements indicate the formation of vortex clusters in the superconducting layer on the top of the magnetic nanodisks due to the magnetic moments of them and the vortices induced by a single nanodisk may form a vortex glass phase. The spacing dimension between the disks plays a very important role as well. The sample with very large distance between the nanodisks does not show an ’S’ shape V(I) curve but has a vortex glass phase; when decrease the distance between the disks, the V(I) curves near the vortex glass transition temperature deformed to a ’S’ shape, indicating that the vortices induced by different nanodisks are interacting with each other when the distance between the disks are smaller then an critical value.
Paula, Fagner Muruci de 1983. "Coerência quântica macroscópica em sistemas ferromagnéticos." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277293.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T09:51:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula_FagnerMurucide_D.pdf: 4858080 bytes, checksum: a43c455fc79aac38fc3e9bd9d81abe32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Por muitas décadas, fenômenos quânticos foram observados com partículas microscópicas, tais como átomos, elétrons e fótons. No entanto, avanços na fabricação e controle de sistemas físicos com dimensões extremamente reduzidas vêm permitindo a manifestação de eventos quânticos em proporções gigantescas. Por exemplo, existem evidências de superposições quânticas com uma supercorrente composta por bilhões de elétrons num SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device). Motivados por tais evidências, nosso objetivo reside na busca de novos dispositivos capazes de exibir efeitos quânticos macroscópicos. Em particular, estamos interessados em sistemas ferromagnéticos que manifestem CQM (Coerência Quântica Macroscópica), isto é, ferromagnetos nos quais o campo de magnetização tunela periodicamente no tempo entre dois estados topologicamente distintos e degenerados. Nesta tese, sugerimos dois dispositivos: um ?o ferromagnético no qual uma parede de domínio tunela entre dois centros de aprisionamento arti?ciais; e um MQUID (Magnetic Quantum Interference Device), isto é, um análogo magnético do SQUID que permite efeitos de tunelamento com uma ¿supercorrente¿ formada por vórtices de spin. Esses dispositivos são úteis não só na exploração dos limites de validade da mecânica quântica, mas também abrem novas possibilidades de implementação de um bit quântico
Abstract: For many decades, quantum phenomena were observed with microscopic particles, such as atoms, electrons and photons. However, advancements in manufacture and control of physics systems with very small dimensions have allowed verifying quantum events in large proportions. For instance, there are evidences of quantum superposition with a supercurrent formed by billions of electrons on a SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device). Such evidences have driven our work in a way to investigate new devices that are capable to exhibit macroscopic quantum effects. In particular, we are interested in ferromagnetic systems that present MQC (Macroscopic Quantum Coherence), in other words, ferromagnets in which the magnetization ?eld tunnels periodically in time between two distinct and degenerate topological states. In this thesis, we have suggested two devices: a ferromagnetic wire in which a domain wall tunnels between two arti?cial pinning centers; and a MQUID (Magnetic Quantum Interference Device) that is a magnetic device analogous to SQUID that permit quantum tunneling effects with a supercurrent formed by spin vortices. These devices are useful to explore the limits of validity of quantum mechanics, as well they open new possibilities to put into operation a quantum bit
Doutorado
Física
Doutor em Ciências
Lanfranc, de Panthou Fabrice. "Chimie de coordination de radicaux libres nitroxydes : matériaux magnétiques incluant des ions de transition et des porteurs de spins organiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10121.
Full textRamos, Rudnei de Oliveira. "Paredes de domínios em ferromagnetismo." Universidade de São Paulo, 1989. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43132/tde-01072015-153458/.
Full textWe determine the surface tension of a domain wall defect by using the semi classical approach in the context of field theory at finite temperature for the ? (?2)2 model with O(N) invariant interaction obtaining the critical temperature Tc of phase transition and the calculation of the critical exponents ? and ? applying then the obtained results to a description of a phenomenological model describing ferromagnetism.
Soares, Gabriel 1988. "Competição entre anisotropias perpendiculares em bicamadas de CoCrPt/Ni resolvida por ressonância ferromagnética." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/276925.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T23:44:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Soares_Gabriel_M.pdf: 11563028 bytes, checksum: 679e40dbf51a0c4198966c4f0eee8e20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: Desde a descoberta dos filmes finos magnéticos com anisotropia perpendicular, ou PMAs (Perpendicular Magentic Anisotropy, em inglês), se tornou possível aumentar drasticamente a densidade de dados em discos rígidos. Uma maneira de continuar a incrementar a densidade final de dados seria desalinhar o eixo de anisotropia uniaxial e o campo magnético de escrita. Para isso, necessita-se de materiais com anisotropia magnética intermediária, i.e, na qual o seu eixo fácil está entre a longitudinal ao plano e a sua perpendicular. A situação ótima seria com o eixo fácil a 450, teoricamente dobrando a densidade final. No entanto, fabricar grãos ou filmes com esta propriedade não é viável do ponto de vista industrial. Todavia, bicamadas podem ser utilizadas para imitar este comportamento, onde um filme com anisotropia longitudinal é depositado sobre um PMA. Além do mais, esta abordagem apresenta a possibilidade de maior velocidade de escrita. Bicamadas de CoCrPt/Ni podem ser utilizadas para este propósito, com a camada de CoCrPt como PMA e a de Ni com anisotropia longitudinal. O experimento de ressonância ferromagnética permite, a priori, resolver as contribuições de anisotropia de cada camada no sistema de bicamadas, juntamente com os mecanismos de amortecimento magnético. O objetivo principal desta dissertação de mestrado é introduzir os conceitos de experimentação e teoria desta técnica, e aplicá-los nas bicamadas de CoCrPt/Ni. Neste trabalho foram utilizados filmes já depositados por sputtering com 10 nm de Co66Cr22Pt12, seguidos de 5 a 40 nm de Ni, para investigar o efeito da camada com anisotropia longitudinal sobre o PMA. Um outro conjunto de amostras contém um espaçador de Ti entre as camadas magnéticas, a fim de se estudar a interação na interface entre elas. Os experimentos de ressonância foram realizados em varredura de frequência num analisador de rede vetorial com campos magnéticos aplicados longitudinais ou perpendiculares e numa cavidade de banda X (9,54GHZ) em função da orientação do campo aplicado. Foi verificado qualitativamente o decréscimo da energia de anisotropia longitudinal com menores espessuras de Ni nas bicamadas. No entanto, não foi possível observar a linha de absorção da camada de CoCrPt, e consequentemente, encontrar unequivocamente as constantes de anisotropia do sistema, muito menos confirmar o comportamento multiaxial encontrado. Não obstante, foi confirmado a natureza de curto alcance da interação entre as camadas. Nova experimentação em outras bandas de frequência é necessária, afim de identificar a absorção do CoCrPt. Uma perspectiva futura interessante é o estudo da largura de linha e o amortecimento magnético do sistema devido a interação envolvida
Abstract: Since the advent of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy media, or PMAs, it was possible to greatly enhance the data density of hard drives. A method to push forward the data density increase is to misalign the anisotropy and applied field axes. This can be achieved by tilted media, i.e., in which the anisotropy axis lays somewhere between in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OOP). The optimal condition is with the axis tilted by 45\textsuperscript{0}. However, produce this kind of material is not practible at industrial scale. Thus, composite media can be used to mimic this behavior, where an in-plane anisotropy media is deposited on top of a PMA. Nonetheless, this approach allows to reach faster switching rates. CoCrPt/Ni bilayers may be used for this purpose, with the CoCrPt serving as the PMA and the Ni as the IP anisotropy layer. The ferromagnetic resonance experiment (FMR) can be used to obtain information about the magnetic anisotropy, being able to characterize its constant for each layer in the bilayer system, together with the damping mechanisms. Therefore, the main goal of this master thesis is to introduce the FMR theory and experimentation and apply them in this system. The used films were already deposited by sputtering with 10 nm of Co.66Cr.24Pt.12 under a 5 to 40 nm Ni layer. Another set of samples with a Ti layer between the magnetic layers provides information of the interface coupling. The FMR experiments were partly performed in a broadband vector network analyzer (VNA) with applied magnetic fields IP or OOP, and in a X-band (9,54 GHz) cavity as function of the orientation of the applied magnetic field. It was qualitatively verified a decrease of the longitudinal magnetic anisotropy energy as a function of the Ni thickness in the bilayer system. However, the CoCrPt single layer absorption could not be observed, making it impossible to unequivocally identify each anistropy constant. Nonetheless, the short-range nature of the coupling was confirmed. Further experimentation in higher frequencies is needed in order to find the CoCrPt absorption. Also, promising effects in the damping mechanism due to the coupling are expected
Mestrado
Física
Mestre em Física
2013/1186360
CAPES
Igarashi, Ricardo Noboru. "Estudo teórico de nanoestruturas magnéticas em superfícies metálicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-26032013-144125/.
Full textWe use the first principles RS-LMTO-ASA (Real Space - Linear Muffin- Tin Orbital - Atomic Sphere Approximation) method, in the framework of the Density Functional Theory and implemented to calculate noncollinear magnetic structures, to investigate the magnetic properties of nanostructures adsorbed on metallic surfaces. First, due to presence of the complex magnetic properties, we investigated magnetic nanostructures deposited on a ferromagnetic substrate. We have considered a variety of nanostructures such as adsorbed wires, pyramids, at and intermixed clusters with sizes varying from two to nine atoms deposited on Fe(001) and Fe(110). Our calculations reveal the long-range nature of exchange interactions between Mn-Mn and Mn-Fe atoms. Moreover, the presence of the strong dependence of these interactions on the local environment, the magnetic frustration, and the effect of spin-orbit coupling lead to the possibility of realizing complex noncollinear magnetic structures such as helical spin spiral and half-skyrmion. Finally, we also investigated FexCo1-x nanowires deposited on Pt(111) surface aiming to investigate materials with large local magnetic moment. Our results reveal that the Fe and Co spin magnetic moment are independent of the Fe concentration with the enhancement of the spin magnetic moment when compared with the FeCo bcc alloys, while the average spin magnetic moment is a linear function of the Fe concentration. This is in contrast to the Slater-Pauling model observed in the FeCo bcc alloys. The average orbital magnetic moment shows a linearly decreasing behavior with the Fe concentration which is in contrast to the behavior of FexCo1-x monolayer on Pt(111) surface.
Cunha, Anderson Magno Chaves. "Correspondência entre ondas de spin de um ferromagneto em uma rede favo de mel e a banda de energia do grafeno." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/8968.
Full textSubmitted by Edvander Pires (edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2014-08-29T18:55:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_amccunha.pdf: 4561415 bytes, checksum: 8c98814cdc7a5600944fbf5d0bfb400f (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Edvander Pires(edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2014-08-29T18:56:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_amccunha.pdf: 4561415 bytes, checksum: 8c98814cdc7a5600944fbf5d0bfb400f (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-29T18:56:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_amccunha.pdf: 4561415 bytes, checksum: 8c98814cdc7a5600944fbf5d0bfb400f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Spin waves are collective excitations that occur in magnetic materials. These excitations are caused by disturbances in the magnetic system. For example, a small change in temperature causes the precession of a magnetic dipole moment that interacts with neighboring leading to the spread of this disorder. This disturbance has wave character, and can propagate in the direction of any of the nearest neighbors. These waves of spin can be observed by some experimental methods, such as: the inelastic neutron scattering, inelastic scattering of light including Raman and Brillouin scattering, to name a few. The importance of spin waves emerges clearly when magnetoelectronic devices are operated at low frequencies. This situation, the generation of spin waves can sing in a significant loss of energy of these systems, because the excitation of such waves consumes a small part of the energy of the system, becoming important in the innovation process of electronic systems. These waves can be studied using mathematical models like the Heisenberg, Ising, among others. In this model, we can calculate the dispersion relation of the spin waves. The Heisenberg model can be written in terms of operators of creation and destruction through the Holstein-Primakoff transformations. The Hamiltonian that describes the spin waves is now written in terms of bosonic operators. This mathematical description is similar to Tight-Binding Hamiltonian for fermions. This Hamiltonian described, for example, graphene, a material that has recently been discovered and is being treated with much optimism for having a two-dimensional structure that leads to amazing properties. Many possibilities of applications for it have been studied. Our goal here is to make an analogy between the graphene and a magnetic system on a honeycomb lattice. In the magnetic system, we use the Heisenberg model to find the dispersion relations and understand the behavior of the spin waves of the same. While in graphene, we used the Tight-Binding model to find the energy spectrum. Underscoring we use a mathematically identical method for both and found that the curves for power modes have similar behaviors, respecting the particularities of each. Then, we calculate how these modes behave introduction of impurities in substitution sites on one or two lines of the crystal lattice.
Ondas de spin são excitações coletivas que surgem em materiais magnéticos. Essas excitações são causadas por perturbações no sistema magnético. Por exemplo, uma pequena variação na temperatura provoca a precessão de um momento de dipolo magnético que interage com seus vizinhos levando à propagação dessa perturbação. Essa perturbação tem caráter ondulatório, e pode se propagar na direção de qualquer um dos vizinhos próximos. Essas ondas de spin podem ser observadas através de alguns métodos experimentais, tais como: espalhamento inelástico de nêutrons, espalhamento inelástico de luz incluindo espalhamento Raman e Brillouin. A importância das ondas de spin surge claramente quando aparelhos magnetoeletrônicos são operados a baixas frequências. Nessa situação a geração de ondas de spin pode ser um processo significante na perda de energia desses sistemas, pois a excitação de tais ondas consome uma pequena parte da energia do sistema, as tornando importante no processo de inovação dos sistemas eletrônicos. Essas ondas podem ser estudadas através de modelos matemáticos como o de Heisenberg, Ising, dentre outros. Nesse modelo, podemos calcular a relação de dispersão das ondas de spin. O modelo de Heisenberg pode ser escrito em termos de operadores de criação e destruição através das transformações de Holstein-Primakoff. O Hamiltoniano que descreve as ondas de spin é agora escrito em termos de operadores bosônicos. Essa descrição matemática é semelhante ao Hamiltoniano Tight-Binding para férmions. Tal Hamiltoniano descreve, por exemplo, o grafeno, um material que foi descoberto recentemente e vem sendo tratado com muito otimismo, por ter uma estrutura bidimensional que leva a propriedades surpreendentes. Muitas possibilidades de aplicações para ele vêm sendo estudadas. Nosso objetivo aqui é fazer uma analogia entre o grafeno e um sistema magnético em uma rede favo de mel. No sistema magnético, utilizamos o Modelo de Heisenberg para encontrar as relações de dispersão e conhecer o comportamento das ondas de spin do mesmo. Enquanto no grafeno, utilizamos o modelo Tight-Binding para encontrar o espectro de energia. Ressaltando que utilizamos um método matematicamente idêntico para ambos e que as curvas encontradas para os modos de energia são idênticas. Então, calculamos como esses modos se comportam com a introdução de impurezas em substituição em sítios de uma ou duas linhas da rede cristalina.
Talut, Georg. "Ferromagnetismus in mit Fe implantierten GaN und TiO2." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-27497.
Full textIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde versucht, mittels Ionenimplantation verdünnte magnetische Halbleiter auf der Basis von GaN und TiO2 herzustellen. In den meisten Fällen konnte anhand von Charakterisierungen der strukturellen und magnetischen Eigenschaf- ten nachgewiesen werden, dass der ferromagnetische Zustand auf das Vorliegen von entweder spinodaler Entmischung oder kristalliner Ausscheidungen zurückgeführt werden kann. Im Fall von Fe-implantiertem GaN konnten spinodale Entmischung, epitaktisch ausgerichtete alpha-Fe- oder epsilon-Fe3N-Nanokristallite für den Ferromagnetismus verantwortlich gemacht werden. Daneben wird die Bildung von gamma-Fe beobachtet. Bei TiO2 ist Ferromagnetismus ebenfalls auf die Ausscheidung von epitaktisch orientierten alpha-Fe-Clustern zurückzuführen. In Abhängigkeit von den Prozessparametern bei Temperungsexperimenten bildete sich eine Reihe unterschiedlicher Sekundärphasen. Eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit den Literaturangaben zeigt die Wichtigkeit des Einsatzes sensitiver, sich ergänzender Messmethoden (wie CEMS, SQUID, XRD, EXAFS), um die Ursache des Ferromagnetismus auf dem Gebiet der verdünnten magnetischen Halbleitern zu finden
Legris, Michel. "Identification de l'état magnétique d'un système ferromagnétique à partir de mesures du champ proche." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0170.
Full textMurakami, Regina Keiko. ""Novos materiais magnéticos para imãs de alta performance"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-14022006-182556/.
Full textThe aim of the present work was to develop new improved magnetic materials suitable for permanent magnets. Two kinds of materials were studied: (Nd,Sm)5(Fe,MT)17 based materials, were MT is a transition metal and, (Nd,Pr)FeB nanocrystalline materials (exchange spring magnets) with TiC additions. The 5:17 alloys were melted in an arc melting furnace followed by a long annealing (at least 30 days). We tried to improve the magnetic properties by means of chemical substitutions (Ti, Co, Mn, etc.) and/or by addition of interstitial atoms of deuterium or nitrogen. The samples were characterized by means of thermomagnetic analysis (TMA), low temperature magnetometry, X ray and neutron diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The main results were: a) increase of Tc temperature (up to 70 ºC) and; b) determination of interstitial sites for deuterium. (Nd,Pr)FeB alloys with TiC additions were melted in an arc melting furnace, being processed in a melt spinner system. After the samples were heat treated at different temperatures. The promissing literature results for Nd2Fe14B+TiC were also obtained for Pr2Fe14B + TiC, but not for systems composed by Pr2Fe14B and Fe3B phases with TiC additions. However, good results were obtained in systems composed by Pr2Fe14B and α-Fe with TiC additions, with 30% increase on coercive field values Hc, and 15% increase on (BH)max.
Wang, Yutian. "Defect-induced ferromagnetism in SiC." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-164623.
Full textIwamoto, Wellington Akira 1979. "Estudos das propriedades magnéticas dos filmes finos de GaAs dopado com Mn e de Zn1-xCoxO." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278526.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T11:33:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Iwamoto_WellingtonAkira_M.pdf: 1834376 bytes, checksum: f57724e8570a2064285943632257620b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: Semicondutores ferromagnéticos (FM) são compostos de grande interesse tecnológico devido à possibilidade de combinar suas cargas e o grau de liberdade de spin para produzir dispositivos eletrônicos. Em particular, filmes finos semicondutores dopados com metais de transição têm se tornado foco de intensa investigação científica desde a descoberta do ferromagnetismo com razoável temperatura de Curie [1] ¿[4]. Exemplos de semicondutores magnéticos diluídos (DMS) são os filmes finos de GaAs dopado com Mn e ZnO dopado Co. Nessa dissertação, nós apresentamos experimentos de Ressonância Paramagnética Eletrônica (EPR) e de susceptibilidade magnética para os filmes finos amorfos e cristalinos de GaAs dopados com Mn e filmes cristalinos de ZnO dopados com Co, com a finalidade de explorar as propriedades magnéticas globais e locais nesses DMS. Para todos os filmes amorfos de GaAs dopados com Mn, os nossos resultados indicaram a ausência de qualquer ordenamento ferromagnético entre as temperaturas 300 > T > 2 K ao contrário dos filmes cristalinos que foi observado ferromagnetismo em T < 110 K. Além do mais, observamos nas medidas de EPR uma única linha associada aos íons localizados de Mn 2+ para os filmes finos amorfos de GaAs dopados com Mn e g ~ 2,01, o qual se manteve inalterado com a temperatura. Para nossos filmes cristalinos de GaAs foram observados modos ferromagnéticos para T < TC. Alguns filmes amorfos de GaAs dopado com Mn, foram hidrogenados e, para estes, encontramos que dopagem de hidrogênio, torna o filme mais cristalino, e que sua influência nas propriedades magnéticas é somente causada pela sua variação no grau de cristalinidade. Para os filmes cristalinos de ZnO dopado com Co, os experimentos de EPR mostraram que somente para os filmes com concentração de 10 % de Co um modo ferromagnético pôde ser observado. E através de medidas de magnetização foi observada uma magnetização de saturação máxima MS ~ 1,1 µB/Co para o filme com concentração de 10 % de Co, sendo que a magnetização decresce para concentrações maiores de Co. Isso indica que o loop ferromagnético encontrado nos filmes não pode estar associado a simples precipitação de Co. Uma comparação entre as propriedades magnéticas do filmes de 10 % de Co e da possível fase espúria, ZnCo2O4, mostraram propriedades magnéticas dos filmes de ZnO dopado com Co não parecem estar associados com esta fase
Abstract: Ferromagnetic semiconductors (FM) are compounds of technological interest due to the possibility of combining their charge and spin degrees of freedom when producing electronic devices. In particular, semiconductor thin films doped with transition metal have become focus of intense scientific investigation since ferromagnetism with reasonably high Curie temperatures (racing from few Kelvin to room temperature) was found in theses films [1-4]. Examples of such dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS) are Mn-doped GaAs and Co-doped ZnO thin films. ZnO is a direct bandgap II-VI semiconductor with a wurtzite-type structure. In this word, we have performed studies of EPR and magnetic susceptibility in Co-doped ZnO and Mn-doped GaAs thin films in order to further explore the global and local magnetic properties of these intriguing DMS. For the Mn-doped GaAs samples, our results show the absence of ferromagnetic ordering for the amorphous films in the 300 > T > 2 K temperature range, in contrast to the ferromagnetism found in crystalline films for TC< 110 K. A single EPR line with a temperature independent g-value (g ~ 2) is observed for the amorphous films and the behavior of this ESR linewidth depends on the level of crystallinity of the film. For the Mn-doped GaAs crystalline films, only a ferromagnetic mode is observed for T < TCwhen the film is ferromagnetic. Regarding the effect of H-doping in the properties of Mn-doped GaAs amorphous films, the Mn 2+ ESR line was found to be nearly unaffected by the presence of hydrogen apart of slightly linewidth changes induced by the changes in the film crystallinity. Hydrogen doping has no direct effects in the magnetic properties of Mn-doped GaAs films. For the Co-based films, the ESR experiments show that only the Zn0,90Co0,10 O film presented a strong anisotropic FMR. The magnetization data show that ~ 10% of Co-doped ZnO films produce the maximum Ms ~ 1,1 µB/Co in the series. The absence of FMR for films with higher Co Concentration indicates that the observed FM loops cannot be associated with simply precipitation of pure Co ions, but more work needs to be done to complete rule out the contribution of other magnetic secondary phases
Mestrado
Física da Matéria Condensada
Mestre em Física
Santos, Antonio Domingues dos. "Anisotropias induzidas em ligas ferromagnéticas amorfas." Universidade de São Paulo, 1991. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43133/tde-17072012-113147/.
Full textIn this thesis we will present a series of studies related to induced magnetic anisotropies (Kind) in amorphous alloys. In order to get a more general view of this theme, we used several different kinds of annealings. The theoretical analysis of the data of Kind and magnetic after-effect (MAE) was performed using a model based on two-level systems (TLS). From the analysis of the experimental data we get a large actiyation energy spectrum. These energies are related to the relaxation times, through the Arrheniu \'s expression: = 0 exp(E/kT), where the pre-factor 0 is of the order of the inverse of the Debye frequency . We constructed a furnace for thermal annealing of the amorphous alloys, which operates within an electromagnet producing 6 kOe. We also wrote, the computer programs for the analysis of the experimental data. These facilities, together with the hysteresis loop tracer permitted the followings studies of the induced anisotropies in amorphous alloys: 1) A study of the kinetics of the induced anisotropy by annealing in the temperature range from 190 to 250 °C, in as cast amorphous ribbons of composition Co70.4Fe4.6Si15B10. Using the TLS model we obtained the activation energy spectrum. It presents two peaks in the energy range from 1.50 to 1.85eV and a pre-factor 0= 1.6x10-13 s. 2) Using a 5 KOe magnetic field we studied the effects of a Field annealing treatment in samples pre-annealed at 400 °C for 10 minutes. The isothermal annealings were made in Co70-XMnXSi14B9 with x = 2 and 6, in the temperature range from 240 to 325 °C. In this case we observed for these two compositions a larger pre-factor ( 10-8s) than before. The activation-energy spectra, for the both composition, are found in the energy range from 1.10 to 1.55eV. 3) Another experiment was done using samples of Co67Fe4Mo1Si12B16. We applied a tensile stress (800MPa) to the ribbon and measured the magnetic anisotropy energy. We observed a continuous variation of this energy and, after removal of the stress, the sample recuperated its initial condition, showing a process characteristically anelastic. We studied the effects of mechanic stress on the magnetic properties of samples of composition Co67Fe4Mo1Si12B16. We worked in two directions: 4) We studied the induced anisotropy in pre-annealed samples, submitted to annealing in the range from 200 to 400 °C, under a tensile stress of 500MPa and without applied stress. From these resul ts we can separate a plastic and an anelastic component in the induced anisotropy. 5) In other, we studied the behavior of the MAE, for samples with and with and without applied tensile stress, in the range from 300 to 500 K. The results obtained show neither plastic nor anelastic effects on the activation energies of the processes involved in the MAE. On the other h~nd we can see a strong alteration in the intensity of the MAE, due the stress.
Lussier, Alexandre Francois. "Ferromagnetism in cobalt-doped titanium dioxide." Diss., Montana State University, 2005. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2005/lussier/LussierA1205.pdf.
Full textBrydon, Philip M. R. "Coexistence of superconductivity and excitonic ferromagnetism." View electronic text, 2002. http://eprints.anu.edu.au/documents/disk0/00/00/07/63/index.html.
Full textAvailable via the Australian National University Library Electronic Pre and Post Print Repository. Title from title screen (viewed Mar. 27, 2003). "A thesis submitted for the degree of Honours in theoretical physics at the Department of Physics and Theoretical Physics, The Faculty of Science, The Australian National University" "Honours thesis submitted November 2002" Includes bibliographical references.
Knothe, Angelika Hildegard [Verfasser], and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Buchleitner. "Quantum hall ferromagnetism in multicomponent systems." Freiburg : Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1142738698/34.
Full textKnothe, Angelika Hildegard. "Quantum Hall Ferromagnetism in Multicomponent Systems." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS595/document.
Full textThe present thesis deals with two-dimensional quantum Hall systems in which the electrons may be endowed with multiple discrete degrees of freedom. Quantum Hall ferromagnetism provides a framework to treat these electronic degrees of freedom as effective spins and isospins of the electrons. Different orderings of the electronic spins and isospins then characterise different possible phases of the system. Using this analogy, various aspects of the two-dimensional systems in the quantum Hall regime are explored theoretically by studying the corresponding spin and isospin structure. The work consists of three parts in which different two-dimensional materials are investigated in the quantum Hall regime. In any of the three projects presented within this thesis, Hartree Fock theory is employed to study the multicomponent spin and isospin system at the mean field level. All our considerations are stimulated directly by experimental results. We draw our main motivation from the key idea that purely theoretical investigations of abstract models may us allow to obtain deeper insights into the physical processes and mechanisms that determine the properties of the materials. This, in turn, we hope to allow conclusions about the experiments by providing possible explanations of the phenomena observed, as well as prospects for future investigations
Cunha, Anderson Magno Chaves. "CorrespondÃncia entre ondas de spin de um ferromagneto em uma rede favo de mel e a banda de energia do grafeno." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12040.
Full textOndas de spin sÃo excitaÃÃes coletivas que surgem em materiais magnÃticos. Essas excitaÃÃes sÃo causadas por perturbaÃÃes no sistema magnÃtico. Por exemplo, uma pequena variaÃÃo na temperatura provoca a precessÃo de um momento de dipolo magnÃtico que interage com seus vizinhos levando à propagaÃÃo dessa perturbaÃÃo. Essa perturbaÃÃo tem carÃter ondulatÃrio, e pode se propagar na direÃÃo de qualquer um dos vizinhos prÃximos. Essas ondas de spin podem ser observadas atravÃs de alguns mÃtodos experimentais, tais como: espalhamento inelÃstico de nÃutrons, espalhamento inelÃstico de luz incluindo espalhamento Raman e Brillouin. A importÃncia das ondas de spin surge claramente quando aparelhos magnetoeletrÃnicos sÃo operados a baixas frequÃncias. Nessa situaÃÃo a geraÃÃo de ondas de spin pode ser um processo significante na perda de energia desses sistemas, pois a excitaÃÃo de tais ondas consome uma pequena parte da energia do sistema, as tornando importante no processo de inovaÃÃo dos sistemas eletrÃnicos. Essas ondas podem ser estudadas atravÃs de modelos matemÃticos como o de Heisenberg, Ising, dentre outros. Nesse modelo, podemos calcular a relaÃÃo de dispersÃo das ondas de spin. O modelo de Heisenberg pode ser escrito em termos de operadores de criaÃÃo e destruiÃÃo atravÃs das transformaÃÃes de Holstein-Primakoff. O Hamiltoniano que descreve as ondas de spin à agora escrito em termos de operadores bosÃnicos. Essa descriÃÃo matemÃtica à semelhante ao Hamiltoniano Tight-Binding para fÃrmions. Tal Hamiltoniano descreve, por exemplo, o grafeno, um material que foi descoberto recentemente e vem sendo tratado com muito otimismo, por ter uma estrutura bidimensional que leva a propriedades surpreendentes. Muitas possibilidades de aplicaÃÃes para ele vÃm sendo estudadas. Nosso objetivo aqui à fazer uma analogia entre o grafeno e um sistema magnÃtico em uma rede favo de mel. No sistema magnÃtico, utilizamos o Modelo de Heisenberg para encontrar as relaÃÃes de dispersÃo e conhecer o comportamento das ondas de spin do mesmo. Enquanto no grafeno, utilizamos o modelo Tight-Binding para encontrar o espectro de energia. Ressaltando que utilizamos um mÃtodo matematicamente idÃntico para ambos e que as curvas encontradas para os modos de energia sÃo idÃnticas. EntÃo, calculamos como esses modos se comportam com a introduÃÃo de impurezas em substituiÃÃo em sÃtios de uma ou duas linhas da rede cristalina.
Spin waves are collective excitations that occur in magnetic materials. These excitations are caused by disturbances in the magnetic system. For example, a small change in temperature causes the precession of a magnetic dipole moment that interacts with neighboring leading to the spread of this disorder. This disturbance has wave character, and can propagate in the direction of any of the nearest neighbors. These waves of spin can be observed by some experimental methods, such as: the inelastic neutron scattering, inelastic scattering of light including Raman and Brillouin scattering, to name a few. The importance of spin waves emerges clearly when magnetoelectronic devices are operated at low frequencies. This situation, the generation of spin waves can sing in a significant loss of energy of these systems, because the excitation of such waves consumes a small part of the energy of the system, becoming important in the innovation process of electronic systems. These waves can be studied using mathematical models like the Heisenberg, Ising, among others. In this model, we can calculate the dispersion relation of the spin waves. The Heisenberg model can be written in terms of operators of creation and destruction through the Holstein-Primakoff transformations. The Hamiltonian that describes the spin waves is now written in terms of bosonic operators. This mathematical description is similar to Tight-Binding Hamiltonian for fermions. This Hamiltonian described, for example, graphene, a material that has recently been discovered and is being treated with much optimism for having a two-dimensional structure that leads to amazing properties. Many possibilities of applications for it have been studied. Our goal here is to make an analogy between the graphene and a magnetic system on a honeycomb lattice. In the magnetic system, we use the Heisenberg model to find the dispersion relations and understand the behavior of the spin waves of the same. While in graphene, we used the Tight-Binding model to find the energy spectrum. Underscoring we use a mathematically identical method for both and found that the curves for power modes have similar behaviors, respecting the particularities of each. Then, we calculate how these modes behave introduction of impurities in substitution sites on one or two lines of the crystal lattice.
Silveira, Hudson Pimenta. "Dinâmica de Kondo em ferromagnetos itinerantes unidimensionais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76131/tde-18092013-084836/.
Full textItinerant ferromagnetism remains an elusive problem in Physics. The phenomenon arises from a competition between electronic interaction and many-body effects and cannot be treated perturbatively. Particularly in 1D, there are rigorous proofs that forbid ferromagnetic phase for lattice models with nearest-neighbours hopping only. In the last twenty years, however, models with hopping beyond nearest-neighbours were proposed in the literature and for which ferromagnetic phase was rigorously established. Virtually every proof of the existence of one-dimensional ferromagnets is done in an insulator phase (disregarding some pathological cases, such as infinite electronic repulsion). That motivated us to investigate the coupling between spin and charge sectors in the strongly interacting regime when we dope the system, introducing two Fermi points, pF and -pF. We found out, through perturbation theory, logarithmic singularities in the magnon selfenergy when its momentum is pF or -pF. To understand them, we derived an effective field theory for the scattering between magnons and spinless fermions (which represent the charge sector) close to these points. The effective model resembles the Kondo model, which describes a magnetic impurity locally coupled to a fermionic sea through spin exchange interaction. In our model, there is actually a pseudospin that indicates if a particle momentum is closest to pF or -pF and the magnon behaves as a mobile impurity. The impurity mobility leads to a fermionic dispersion relation that depends on the impurity pseudospin.
Limeira, Vinicius Pena Coto. "Estudos das propriedades magnéticas e magnetorresistivas em válvulas de spin do tipo NiFe/Cu/NiFe/IrMn." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-23012018-101058/.
Full textSpin Valves have been employed as magnetic sensors and used in random access memories, showing they are very important in terms of technological point of view. In this work, analyses of the magnetoresistance first order reversal curves (MR-FORC) have been used, as well as fittings of the magnetization and magnetoresistance hysteresis, to study the exchange-bias phenomena, magnetic anisotropies and magnetoresistance in spin valves. Sputtering has been used to the deposition of NiFe/Cu/NiFe/IrMn, and Ta has been deposited as seed and buffer layers. A domain wall model (in the antiferromagnetic layer) taking into account the magnetic anisotropies and the interactions between the layers has been employed to fit the magnetization hysteresis. Some textures have been also introduced to take into account the ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) grains dispersion (with Gaussian distributions) centered around the respective uniaxial anisotropy axes. However, to obtain good fits for some samples, it has been necessary to include an in-plane rotation of an angle of the both FM and AFM easy axes in relation to the field direction applied during the growing of the films. Good fits of the magnetization hysteresis have been obtained for all measured directions of the applied field. A new method based on the angular variation of the magnetoresistance to constant fields has been proposed to extract directly these angles. Reasonable agreements have been obtained between these angles and the corresponding ones extracted from the fits of the magnetization loops. Through the analyses of the MR-FORC and from the simulations indicated by the parameters (obtained from the fittings of magnetization loops), a direct relation between the interaction fields (and its uncertainties) and the exchange-bias fields of the grains of the distribution (extracted from the simulations, using the width of the distribution obtained from the magnetization fittings) has been identified. In summary, this analysis has showed that this technique allows to extract comparative information about the dispersion of the anisotropy axes of the FM and AFM grains around the uniaxial axis, which can be very import to the characterization of spin-valve based sensors. Besides, MR-FORC analyses have also indicated the presence of a threshold of discontinuity of the pinned NiFe layer at 27, showing a huge increase (above of the expected) to the sample at 25, and this unexpected increasing has corroborated with our hypothese. Simulations of the magnetoresistance loops have not been good, indicating that improvements should be included in the model employed to simulate these curves, obtained from the pinned and free angles of the NiFe layers. Concerning the case of the presence of misalignments of FM and AFM for some samples, it is still an open question, but in this work, we have found that this angle () is equal to 2.
Veiga, Larissa Sayuri Ishibe 1987. "Estudo de composto intermetálico clatrato Eu8Ga16Ge30 por difração magnética de raios-X." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277495.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T09:44:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Veiga_LarissaSayuriIshibe_M.pdf: 17048771 bytes, checksum: 679326ce3ab87d18e691e2a4c2789f17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Neste trabalho estudamos o comportamento magnético do composto Eu8Ga16Ge30, o único clatrato conhecido atualmente cujas posições hóspedes são completamente preenchidas por um elemento terra-rara. Este composto cristaliza-se em uma estrutura cúbica (grupo espacial Pm_3n), apresentando duas diferentes gaiolas formadas pelos átomos Ga-Ge (uma gaiola menor formada por 20 átomos e uma gaiola maior, formada por 24 átomos) que englobam em seu interior íons divalentes Eu+2. Os momentos magnéticos desses íons ordenam-se ferromagneticamente abaixo de TC = 36 K através da interação RKKY. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o comportamento magnético local dos sítios cristalográficos ocupados pelos íons de Eu, que no interior das gaiolas maiores, situam-se em posições fora do centro destas, contidas em planos perpendiculares às faces da célula unitária cúbica. Nesta dissertação descrevemos a síntese do composto Eu8Ga16Ge30 pelo método do fluxo metálico, a caracterização da amostra através da difração de raios X de alta resolução (verificação da qualidade cristalina) e da difração de pó de raios X (determinação do parâmetro de rede). Medidas de resistividade elétrica em função da temperatura mostraram a existência de saltos relacionados ao aumento da resistividade, na temperatura de transição magnética (TC) e em T* = 24 K. O mesmo comportamento foi verificado na literatura que indica que a anomalia encontrada em T* possui origem magnética. As propriedades magnéticas foram estudadas através de medidas de grandezas macroscópicas, como susceptibilidade magnética e magnetização em função do campo magnético aplicado. O comportamento magnético local do composto foi estudado através da técnica de difração magnética ressonante com seletividade aos sítios cristalográficos ocupados pelos átomos de Eu. Esta última técnica foi capaz de fornecer informações locais sobre o magnetismo dos átomos de Eu localizados nos sítios 2a e 24k através do estudo das histereses magnéticas obtidas na condição de difração em diferentes temperaturas. Foi observado que o comportamento magnético dos sítios cristalográficos 2a e 24k são diferentes para a temperatura de 8 K, no entanto, nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada para as histereses dos dois sítos em T = 30 K. Verificamos que a histerese magnética do sítio 24k em 8 K é formada por várias contribuições indicando a existência de uma estrutura magnética em que os momentos magnéticos situados neste sítio encontram-se dispostos ao longo de três direções perpendiculares entre sí. Verificamos também histereses magnéticas menos estruturadas em T = 30 K que podem estar relacionadas à presença de uma estrutura magnética na qual todos os momentos magnéticos estão orientados ao longo de uma única direção (eixo de fácil magnetização, na direção [001]). No entanto, o mecanismo que descreve o comportamento magnético deste composto (reorientação de spins ou duas temperaturas de ordenamento magnético) ainda não foi totalmente elucidado
Abstract: In this work we studied the magnetic behavior of Eu8Ga16Ge30 clathrate compound, the only clathrate known so far where the guest positions are fully occupied by a rare-earth element. This compound crystallizes in a cubic unit cell (space group Pm_3n) and presents two types of cages formed by Ga-Ge atoms (a smaller cage formed by 20 atoms and a larger cage, formed by 24 atoms) inside which Eu+2 guest ions reside. The magnetic moments of these ions order ferromagnetically below TC _ 36 K through RKKY interaction. The aim of this thesis was the investigation of the local magnetic properties of the crystallographic sites occupied by Eu ions, which inside of the larger cages, are located in four off-center positions contained in planes perpendicular to the faces of the cubic unit cell. In this work we describe the synthesis process of Eu8Ga16Ge30 compound. Eu8Ga16Ge30 single crystal was grown from metallic flux method with excess of Ga. We also describe the structural characterization of the samples by high resolution x-ray diffraction and x-ray powder diffraction. Electrical resistivity measurements were performed and showed anomalies not only at TC but also at T* _ 24 K. The same behavior was observed in the literature which indicates that the anomaly found in T* has a magnetic nature. The magnetic properties were studied by macroscopic measurements such as magnetic susceptibility and magnetization versus applied magnetic field. The local magnetic behavior of the compound was probed by dichroic resonant diffraction of circularly polarized x rays. This technique was used to measure site-specific magnetism of the Eu8Ga16Ge30 compound. It was able to provide information about the magnetism of the crystallographic sites 2a and 24k occupied by Eu ions through the study of magnetic hysteresis obtained in the diffraction condition at different temperatures. It was observed that the magnetic behavior of the 2a and 24k crystallographic sites are different for the temperature of 8 K. However, no difference was found for the hysteresis of the two sites on T = 30 K. The results suggest that the magnetic hysteresis of the 24k site at 8 K is formed by several contributions indicating the existence of a magnetic structure where the magnetic moments located on this site are arranged along three mutually perpendicular directions. We also found less structured magnetic hysteresis at T = 30 K which may be related to the presence of a magnetic structure in which all magnetic moments are oriented along a single direction (easy axis of magnetization along [001]). However, the mechanism that describes the magnetic behavior of this compound (spin reorientation or two temperatures of magnetic ordering) has not been fully elucidated
Mestrado
Física Atômica e Molecular
Mestra em Física
Dartora, Cesar Augusto. "Tunelamento e transporte quântico em sistemas mesoscópicos : fundamentos e aplicações." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277878.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-24T19:11:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dartora_CesarAugusto_D.pdf: 2101604 bytes, checksum: 3eb6940416ec56ede441909468db04be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: O interesse atual e crescente nos sistemas mesoscópicos se deve à miniaturização cada vez maior dos dispositivos eletrônicos e à produção de materiais com possibilidade de armazenar informação em altas densidades (Gbits e Terabits/pol 2 ). A Física Mesoscópica descreve fenômenos que ocorrem em uma escala de tamanhos intermediária entre o macroscópico e o microscópico. Esta região cinzenta permite interpolar entre o regime atômico-molecular e o limite macroscópico, dominado este último pelas propriedades de volume (bulk ), que são objetos usuais de estudo em Física da Matéria Condensada. Na escala de nanometros e dezenas de nanometros, os elétrons podem propagar-se sem sofrer espalhamento inelástico (regime balístico) e a fase da função de onda pode manter sua coerência em escala da ordem do tamanho do sistema, dando lugar aos típicos fenômenos de interferência quântica. Neste trabalho fazemos um estudo detalhado das propriedades de transporte quântico em sistemas mesoscópicos, onde as barreiras de tunelamento fazem parte de diversos dispositivos eletrônicos. Estes sistemas incluem barreiras isolantes entre eletrodos metálicos, nanocontatos metálicos e junções tipo Josephson entre supercondutores. As principais estruturas aqui estudadas são as junções magnéticas de tunelamento e os nanofios e nanocontatos ferromagnéticos. Em ambos o fenômeno da magnetorresistência gigante (GMR) está presente, porém as origens do fenômeno são diferentes. Em junções de tunelamento a GMR tem origem na densidade de estados dos elétrons de condução nos eletrôdos ferromagnéticos, entre os quais uma barreira isolante é colocada, bem como no tunelamento inelástico assistido por mágnons que surgem nas interfaces entre eletrodos e região isolante. Em nanocontatos e nanofios o fenômeno deve-se principalmente ao forte espalhamento de elétrons com dependência de spin na presença de paredes de domínio magnéticas
Abstract: The interest in mesoscopic systems has grown significantly due to the increasing miniaturization of electronic devices and the production of materials which makes possible to store information in higher densities (Gbits and Terabits/in 2 ). The Mesoscopic Physics describes phenomena that happen in an intermediary scale of sizes between the macroscopic and the microscopic world. This gray region allows to interpolate between the atomic-molecular regime and the macroscopic limit, the last one dominated by bulk properties which are the usual subject of Condensed Matter Physics. In the nanometer and tens of nanometers scale electrons can pro-pagate without suffering inelastic scattering (ballistic regime) and the phase of the wavefunction maintain its coherence in the scale of system¿s size, giving place to the typical phenomena of quantum interference. In this work a detailed study of quantum transport properties in mesoscopic systems, where the tunnelling barriers make part of many electronic devices, is done. These systems include insulating barriers between metallic electrodes, metallic nanocontacts and nanowires, and Josephson junctions between superconductors. The main structures here studied are magnetic tunnelling junctions and ferromag-netic nanowires and nanocontacts. In both cases the giant magnetoresistance phe-nomenon (GMR) is present, however the origins of it are quite different. In tun-neling junctions, where an insulating barrier is placed between two ferromagnetic electrodes, the GMR is due to both, density of states effects at the ferromagnetic elec-trodes, and inelastic tunneling from magnons at the interface regions. In nanowires and nanocontacts the transport is strongly in uenced by spin-dependent scattering in the presence of magnetic domain walls
Doutorado
Física da Matéria Condensada
Doutor em Ciências
Menéndez, Dalmau Enric. "Generation of ferromagnetism on non-magnetic materials." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3417.
Full textEls aliatges de Fe60Al40 (percentatge atòmic) i els acers inoxidables austenítics posseeixen una combinació de propietats estructurals i magnètiques que els converteix en materials amb cert potencial per a ser litografiats magnèticament. Des d'un punt de vista magnètic, mentre que els aliatges de Fe60Al40 ordenats atòmicament són paramagnètics a temperatura ambient, els aliatges de Fe60Al40 desordenats a nivell atòmic presenten un comportament ferromagnètic. Pel que fa als acers inoxidables austenítics, a partir de deformació mecànica, es pot induir la transformació en estat sòlid de la fase austenita (paramagnètica) a la fase martensita (ferromagnètica) en aquests aliatges ferris. A més, els processos de nitruració a temperatura moderada en acers inoxidables austenítics permeten transformar parcialment la fase austenita en la fase "austenita expandida", que és una solució sòlida sobresaturada de nitrogen que presenta un comportament ferromagnètic.
Aquesta Tesi està basada en la generació de xarxes ordenades d'entitats ferromagnètiques a escala micro/nanomètrica, dins d'una matriu paramagnètica, en la superfície d'aliatges de Fe60Al40 i acers inoxidables austenítics. Aquest propòsit s'assoleix aprofitant les transicions magnètiques que tenen lloc en aquests materials després de sotmetre'ls a processos de deformació plàstica local (nanoindentació) i irradiació controlada amb ions (αs de feixos d'ions focalitzats i irradiació amb ions de gasos nobles a través de màscares en el cas del Fe60Al40 i processos de nitruració a través de màscares d'irradiació en els acers inoxidables austenítics). Cal esmentar que també s'ha dut a terme un estudi detallat de les modificacions a nivell estructural, mecànic i magnètic que ocorren en aquests materials una vegada s'han deformat mecànicament o irradiat amb ions.
In recent years, intense research is being pursued in the development of novel methods for the fabrication of arrays of ordered magnetic nanostructures. This is motivated, in part, by the technological applications of sub-micron magnetic structures, ranging from biomedicine to recording media, but it is also due to fundamental scientific reasons, since the behavior of magnetic materials at this length scale is often significantly different from that in the bulk.
Fe60Al40 (at. %) alloys and austenitic stainless steels show an interesting combination of magnetic and structural properties, which makes them turn into potential candidates to be magnetically patterned. Namely, from the magnetic point of view, whereas atomically ordered Fe60Al40 (at. %) is paramagnetic at room temperature, disordered Fe60Al40 becomes ferromagnetic. Concerning austenitic stainless steels, due to mechanical deformation, a phase transformation from the paramagnetic austenite phase to the ferromagnetic martensite phase can occur in these ferrous alloys. In addition, nitriding of austenitic stainless steels at moderate temperatures is able to partially transform the austenite phase into the supersaturated nitrogen solid solution, often called in the literature "expanded austenite" phase, which shows ferromagnetic behavior.
This Thesis is mainly focused on the generation of ordered arrays of micro/nanoscaled ferromagnetic entities (i.e., magnetic patterning), embedded in a paramagnetic matrix, at the surface of either Fe60Al40 (at. %) alloys or austenitic stainless steels. This is accomplished by taking advantage of the magnetic transitions which occur in these alloys upon local plastic deformation (nanoindentation) and controlled ion irradiation (focused ion beam and broad beam noble gas ion irradiation through shadow masks in FeAl alloys and ion beam nitriding through shadow masks in austenitic stainless steels). Furthermore, a detailed study of the structural, mechanical and magnetic changes which take place in these materials upon either mechanical deformation or ion irradiation is presented.
Saubi, Benjamin Haubiih. "Studies in ferromagnetism using electron polarization analysis." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249391.
Full textSiqueira, Mariana Couto. "Estudo do modelo da dupla troca aplicado aos materiais magnetocalóricos." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2009. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1998.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The double exchange model is used to describe different magnetocaloric materials containing localized magnetic moments and itinerant electrons. The model includes the Hund ruleexchange J betweenthelocalized spinsand theconductionelectrons. By using the equation of motion method, we apply a higher-order decoupling for the conduction electron Green s functions. The magnetism of the localized moments is described in terms of an effective Heisenberg model. We obtain a simple description of the magnetization curves and the isothermal entropy change ΔS. The results exhibit an additional low-temperature bump in the ΔS curves at low concentrations n separated from the usual maximum at the critical temperature. The method can also be addressed to the Kondo lattice compounds, in the case of a negative couping J.
O modelo da dupla troca é utilizado para descrever diferentes materiais magnetocalóricos contendo momentos magnéticos localizados e elétrons itinerantes. O modelo inclui a regra de Hund para a troca J entre os spins localizados e elétrons de condução. Utilizando o método de equações de movimento, aplicamos um desacoplamento de ordem superior para as funções de Green dos elétrons de condução. O magnetismo dos momentos magnéticos localizados é descrito em termos do modelo de Heisenberg efetivo. Obtemos uma descrição simples das curvas de magnetização e variação isotérmica da entropia ΔS. Os resultados exibem uma elevação nas curvas ΔS em baixa concentração de n separada do Maximo usual na temperatura crıtica. O método pode também se aplicado aos compostos da rede Kondo, no caso de acoplamento negativo J.
Silva, Wanêssa Façanha da. "Ondas de spin em redes decoradas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/13700.
Full textSubmitted by Edvander Pires (edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2015-10-22T20:40:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_wfsilva.pdf: 5621741 bytes, checksum: 74eb09424ba24b6a3b1acd4b7df5dee6 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Edvander Pires(edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2015-10-22T20:40:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_wfsilva.pdf: 5621741 bytes, checksum: 74eb09424ba24b6a3b1acd4b7df5dee6 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-22T20:40:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_wfsilva.pdf: 5621741 bytes, checksum: 74eb09424ba24b6a3b1acd4b7df5dee6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Low-dimensional systems have attracted much attention lately due to systems such as graphene and carbon nanotubes. Such systems have great potential for technological applications. In particular the creation of electronic devices due to their specific electronic properties. In this sense , the study of other systems in low dimension becomes urgent. More specifically , the study of magnetic properties of materials at low dimensionality also brings great new features in the behavior of ferromagnetic systems . The behavior of spin waves in such systems may be important to the study of spintronic and the development of new devices and magnetic memories . Thus in this work we aim to study the behavior of ferromagnetic spin waves in two-dimensional systems . For two-dimensional systems we consider here two-dimensional networks decorated . The decorations are introduced to generate networks with more than one basic atom in the unit cell of the system to study the richness of the spectrum of spin waves due to these changes . At first deal with a superimposition of square networks where the displacement of these networks depends on the control parameters alpha and beta . We also use the superposition of a square on a hexagonal network.
Sistema de baixa dimensionalidade têm atraído uma grande atenção ultimamente devido a sistemas como grafeno e nanotubos de carbono. Tais sistemas têm grandes possibilidades de aplicações tecnológicas, em particular na criação de dispositivos eletrônicos, devido às suas propriedades eletrônicas específicas. Nesse sentido, o estudos de outros sistemas em baixa dimensão se torna urgente. Mais especificamente, o estudo de propriedades magnéticas de materiais de materiais em baixa dimensionalidade também trás grandes novidades no comportamento de sistemas ferromagnéticos. O comportamento de ondas de spin em tais sistemas pode ser para o estudo da spintrônica e o desenvolvimento de novos aparelhos e memórias magnéticas. Dessa forma temos como objetivo nesse trabalho estudar o comportamento de ondas de spin em sistemas bidimensionais ferromagnéticos. Por sistemas bidimensionais consideramos aqui redes bidimensionais decoradas. As decorações são introduzidas para gerar redes com mais de um átomo na base da célula unitária da rede para estudarmos a riqueza do espectro das ondas de spin devido a essas modificações. A princípio tratamos com uma superposição de redes quadradas onde o deslocamento dessas redes depende dos parâmetros de controle α e β. Também usamos a superposição de um rede quadrada sobre um hexagonal.
Rakii, Abdelmoula. "Films minces amorphes de CoZr et CoZrRe superdoux et d'aimantation élevée : élaboration par pulvérisation cathodique et étude magnétique statique et dynamique." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10083.
Full textRichard, Caroline. "Interplay of ferromagnetism and superconductivity : (in hybrid structures)." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENY066/document.
Full textWhile ferromagnetism and conventional superconductivity appear as antagonist phases of nature, the proximity effect in hybrid S/F structures offers a unique opportunity to study their interplay. In particular, spin-triplet odd-frequency superconducting correlations may be induced in a diffusive ferromagnet.In a first part, we study the equilibrium current that may flow in hybrid S/F Josephson junctions. We exhibit signatures of odd-frequency triplet correlations. In particular, we predict the existence of a long range triplet current through a non-collinear bilayer ferromagnet with a peculiar superharmonic current phase relation. This can be viewed as the Josephson effect between a conventional superconductor and an effective triplet superconductor generated at the end of the bilayer ferromagnet. Then, we study the competition between triplet and singlet superconductivity in the temperature dependence of the critical current. Namely, the critical current flowing between two effective triplet reservoirs through a conventional superconducting layer may display a maximum at finite temperature
Carvalho, Zulmara Virgínia de. "Magnetização remanente em sistemas antiferromagnéticos\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-02042008-133036/.
Full textIn the context of low anisotropy, the magnetization measurements to find out the magnetic effects induced by the substitution of Mn+2 by Cu+2 íons in the quaseone-dimensional Heisenberg-like antiferromagnets CsMn1-xCuxA3.2H2O (A = Cl,Br) were made. In the diluted samples of the Br derivative, we observe the appearance of a remanent magnetization (Mr) below TN when they are cooled in a small axial magnetic field applied along the easy axis. This does not occur in the diluted samples of the Cl derivative. The intra-chain exchange both in Cl and Br compounds is antiferromagnetic, however the inter-chain exhange along the easy axis is antiferromagnetic in the chloride compound and ferromagnetic in the bromide. This fact seems to be deterministic in the appearance of the net moments below TN in the bromide. Moreover, the magnetization measurements on single crystals of the sitediluted antiferromagnet A2Fe1-xInxCl5.H2O (A = Cs) were carried out at low magnetic fields (H) applied along the easy axis. The data revealed that a Mr develops below the Néel temperature TN. This Mr(T) is parallel to the easy axis , saturates for H ~ 1 Oe and it increases with decreasing T. It has also temperature dependence as another diluted systems of the same family (A = K, Rb). For all these systems the normalized Mr(t)/Mr(t = 0,3), where t = T/TN is the reduced temperature, is independet of x and follow a universal curve. In the context of high anisotropy, the temperature dependence of the excess magnetization at low and high fields was investigated for the diluted antiferromagnet FexZn1-xF2 (x = 0.72; 0.46 and 0.31) and pure system FeF2 as well. It was found that Mr is either along the easy axis or perpendicular to it. The size of Mr for very low fields (H < 1 Oe) depends on H but it sature for fields of the order of few Oersteds. The expected random field (RF) behaivor is observed when H is applied along the easy axis at higher fields.
Alonso, Leonardo. "Modelo de Preisach e análise FORC aplicados a filmes com exchange-bias." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-29082008-103327/.
Full textIn this work, thin films of Si[100]/buffer/NiFe/FeMn/Ta (buffer = Cu; Ta) and spin valves of Si[100]/Cu/NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn/Ta were produced via sputtering and their magnetic behavior were studied by First Order Reversal Curves (FORC\'s) analysis. A Preisach Model with Exchange-Bias was developed and applied in order to simulate the hysteresis and the first order reversal curves of the NiFe/FeMn bilayers. In addition, the model allowed to reproduce the asymmetric behaviors present in both branches of the hysteresis curve in these films. The study put in evidence the mean field effects on de Py layer as a function of the thickness of the FeMn layer. The application of the FORC analysis in the spin valves was interesting to study the degree of coupling between the free and the pressed layers, as well as the effect of mean field in each layer.
Garcia, Fernando Assis. "Simetria do parâmetro de ordem em supercondutores ferromagnéticos." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277872.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-24T18:55:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_FernandoAssis_M.pdf: 623202 bytes, checksum: ec47f534b74f1dafc10e8a0d7c031968 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo da simetria do parâmetro de ordem em supercondutores ferromagnéticos. Nossa abordagem é inspirada na teoria de Landau para Transições de Fase de Segunda Ordem ou, de maneira mais precisa, na idéia que uma transição de fase de segunda ordem está acompanhada por uma redução na simetria do sistema. A nova fase passa a ser descrita por um subgrupo da fase de alta simetria, implicando consequências para o parâmetro de ordem, que em nosso caso determina a estrutura do gap supercondutor. A recente descoberta da coexistência de supercondutividade e ferromagnetismo revelou o problema da classificação das possíveis simetrias do parâmetro de ordem supercondutor quando o estado normal não possui simetria de reversão temporal. Veremos que o problema é resolvido quando a simetria do estado normal é descrita por grupos magnéticos ( ou co-grupos) e que a classificação dos estados supercondutores deve agora ser feita em termos das co-representações destes grupos
Abstract: In this dissertation, we present a study of the order-parameter symmetry in ferromagnetic superconductors. Our approach is inspired on the Landau Theory of Phase Trasition or, more precisely, on the idea that a second order phase transition is a symmetry breaking process where the ordered phase of the system is described by a subgroup of the highly symmetric one, leading to important consequences for the order parameter. In our case, it imposes constraints to the superconducting gap structure. The recent discovery of the coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism brought the problem of the classification of such structures in the situation where time reversal symmetry is broken on the normal state. We argue that this problem is solved when one consider the description of such normal state by magnetic groups (or cogroups) and that the classification of the superconducting states must be done in terms of the corepresentations of such cogroups
Mestrado
Física da Matéria Condensada
Mestre em Física
MACHADO, Lucius Vinicius Rocha. "Avaliação do tipo de precursor e da dopagem no sistema Zn1-ₓFeₓO visando a obtenção de semicondutores magnéticos diluídos (SMDs)." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1038.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2018-06-25T21:09:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIUS VINICIUS ROCHA MACHADO -TESE (PPGCEMat) 2015.pdf: 3378243 bytes, checksum: 8988e719f1f296de2f74c587ed4f5ba8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18
Esse trabalho teve como objetivo, avaliar a influência do tipo de precursor, fonte de íons de ferro, e sua concentração na dopagem do sistema Zn1-xFexO de modo a se obter um produto com ferrimagnetismo a temperatura ambiente para uso como semicondutor magnético diluído. Para esse fim, inicialmente avaliou-se a influência do tipo de precursor (nitrato de ferro III, sulfato de ferro II e acetato de ferro II) sobre a estrutura, morfologia, propriedades térmicas e magnéticas do sistema Zn1-xFexO com concentração de íons de Fe2+ e Fe3+ de 0,4 mol. Posteriormente avaliou-se o efeito da concentração de íons de ferro III variando de 0,05 a 0,4 mol sobre a estrutura e magnetismo do sistema Zn1- xFexO. Durante as reações para obtenção do produto foram feitas medições de temperatura e do tempo de reação. As amostras foram caracterizadas por: difração de raios X, análise química por fluorescência de raios X por energia dispersiva, microscopia eletrônica de varredura com mapeamento por EDS, distribuição granulométrica, análise por adsorção de nitrogênio, magnetometria de amostra vibrante e análise termogravimétrica. Os resultados mostraram que o tipo de precursor influenciou diretamente na estrutura, morfologia e magnetismos das amostras, sendo o precursor nitrato de ferro III o que possibilitou à formação de um material ferrimagnético a temperatura ambiente. Para as amostras dopadas, os espectros de DRX mostraram que até a concentração de 0,20 mol de íons ferro III resultou num sistema monofásico com comportamento ferrimagnético à temperatura ambiente, o que caracterizou a formação de um semicondutor magnético diluído. Para demais concentrações foi observado traços da fase FeFe2O4 e que às interações de troca entre os íons Fe - Fe e possivelmente o aumento da concentração de vacância de oxigênio na rede do ZnO suprimiu o comportamento ferrimagnético pela competição do comportamento ferrimagnético/paramagnético. Portanto, pode-se concluir que o precursor nitrato de ferro III com concentração de até 0,20 mol foi a melhor condição para obtenção de produto com característica para uso como semicondutor magnético diluído usando a técnica de síntese por reação de combustão.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence the type of precursor, source of iron ions, and its concentration in the doping Zn1-xFexO system in order to obtain a product with ferromagnetism at room temperature for use as magnetic semiconductor diluted. For this purpose, it was firstly evaluated the influence of the type of precursor (iron III nitrate, iron sulfate II, iron acetate II) on the structure, morphology, thermal and magnetic properties of Zn1-xFexO system concentration of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions of 0.4 mol. After that, it was evaluated the effect of concentration of iron III ions ranging from 0.05 to 0.4 mol on the structure and magnetism of Zn1-xFexO system. During the reactions, there were made measurements of temperature and time. The samples were characterized by: X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis by fluorescence X-ray energy dispersive, scanning electron microscopy, with mapping by EDS, particle size analysis, analysis by nitrogen adsorption, vibrating sample magnetometer and thermal gravimetric analysis. The results have shown that the type of precursor influenced directly the structure, morphology and magnetism of the samples and the precursor of iron nitrate III was the one which favored the obtention of the ferromagnetism material monophasic at room temperature. For the doped samples, the XRD spectra showed that the concentrations until 0.20 mol of iron III ions resulted in a monophasic system with ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature, which characterized the formation of a diluted magnetic semiconductor. For the other concentrations, it was observed traces of MnFe2O4 phase and that the exchange interactions between the ionsFe - Fe and possibly the increasing of oxygen vacancy concentration in ZnO network suppressed the ferromagnetic behavior by the competition of ferromagnetic / paramagnetic one. Therefore, it can be concluded that the precursor of iron III nitrate concentration to 0.20 mol was the best condition for obtaining a product with characteristics for use as a dilute magnetic semiconductor using the synthetic technique by combustion.
Schmising, Clemens von Korff. "Femtosecond X-ray scattering in condensed matter." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15871.
Full textThis thesis investigates the manifold couplings between electronic and structural properties in crystalline Perovskite oxides and a polar molecular crystal. Ultrashort optical excitation changes the electronic structure and the dynamics of the connected reversible lattice rearrangement is imaged in real time by femtosecond X-ray scattering experiments. An epitaxially grown superlattice consisting of alternating nanolayers of metallic and ferromagnetic strontium ruthenate (SRO) and dielectric strontium titanate serves as a model system to study optically generated stress. In the ferromagnetic phase, phonon-mediated and magnetostrictive stress in SRO display similar sub-picosecond dynamics, similar strengths but opposite sign and different excitation spectra. The amplitude of the magnetic component follows the temperature dependent magnetization square, whereas the strength of phononic stress is determined by the amount of deposited energy only. The ultrafast, phonon-mediated stress in SRO compresses ferroelectric nanolayers of lead zirconate titanate in a further superlattice system. This change of tetragonal distortion of the ferroelectric layer reaches up to 2 percent within 1.5 picoseconds and couples to the ferroelectric soft mode, or ion displacement within the unit cell. As a result, the macroscopic polarization is reduced by up to 100 percent with a 500 femtosecond delay that is due to final elongation time of the two anharmonically coupled modes. Femtosecond photoexcitation of organic chromophores in a molecular, polar crystal induces strong changes of the electronic dipole moment via intramolecular charge transfer. Ultrafast changes of transmitted X-ray intensity evidence an angular rotation of molecules around excited dipoles following the 10 picosecond kinetics of the charge transfer reaction. Transient X-ray scattering is governed by solvation, masking changes of the chromophore''s molecular structure.
Freire, Henrique Jota de Paula. "Magneto-transporte e ferromagnetismo Hall em heteroestruturas semicondutoras magnéticas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76131/tde-23032007-183322/.
Full textDigital magnetic heterostructures (DMHs) are semiconductor structures with magnetic impurities (Mn) restricted to some planar arrangements (monolayers) regularly spaced. In the presence of an external magnetic field, the sp-d exchange interaction between the localized magnetic moments and the itinerant carriers is responsible for a giant spin splitting, of the order of, or even greater than, the cyclotron separation between Landau levels. Here I calculate the electronic structure of group II-VI digital magnetic quantum wells. I solve the Kohn-Sham equations of the spin-density functional theory within the effective mass approximation. Then I calculate some magneto-optical and transport properties which are experimentally relevant. In particular, I investigate the spin dependent physics of these systems from two different points of view. First, I focus on effects of the Mn magnetism on the sp-d exchange spin dependent potential, particularly the effect of antiferromagnetic clustering and the effect of dilution (segregation and interdiusion) of the Mn content prole. By considering these effects I reproduce experimental results for the spin splitting $Delta_E$ and spin scattering times $tau_$ [S. A. Crooker et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 505 (1995); Phys. Rev. B 61, 1736 (2000)]. In the second part I move on to the physics of spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs), and show the relevance of the strong dependence of the many-body contributions (exchange and correlation) with the spin polarization. In particular, these effects are relevant for the development of quantum Hall ferromagnetic phases. I calculate magneto- transport in the quantum Hall eect regime for DMHs consisting of ZnSe and CdTe. My results reproduce experimental results [R. Knobel et al., Phys. Rev. B 65, 235327 (2002); J. Jaroszynski et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 266802 (2002)] for the dependence with magnetic eld, temperature, development of anomalous resistivities spikes and hysteretic behaviors in many physical properties.
Devillers, Thibaut. "Etude des propriétés physiques des phases de Ge(1-x)Mn(x) ferromagnétiques pour l'électronique de spin." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00367396.
Full textSoltan, Soltan. "Interaction of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in YBCO-LCMO heterostructures." Göttingen Cuvillier, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97407683X.
Full textChan, Jennifer Ann. "High temperature ferromagnetism in polymerised fullerene and graphitic systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428595.
Full textAhilan, K. "Superconductivity on the border of itinerant ferromagnetism in UGe2." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595374.
Full text