Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fertility of animals

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fertility of animals'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fertility of animals"

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POLGE, E. J. C. "Manipulation of fertility in domestic animals." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 95, no. 2 (February 1989): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1989.tb02306.x.

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Lee, Fa-Kung, Kuan-Hao Tsui, and Peng-Hui Wang. "Plant products impairing fertility of animals." Journal of the Chinese Medical Association 78, no. 7 (July 2015): 377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2015.04.005.

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Oogjes, Glenys. "Ethical aspects and dilemmas of fertility control of unwanted wildlife: an animal welfarist’s perspective." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 9, no. 1 (1997): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/r96061.

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Proposals to manipulate the fertility of wild, free-living animals extend the domination humans already exercise over domesticated animals. Current lethal methods for population control include poisoning, trapping, hunting, dogging, shooting, explosives, fumigants, and deliberately introduced disease. Animal welfare interests are based on individual animal suffering, but those interests are often overshadowed by labelling of groups of animals as pests, resource species, national emblem or endangered species. Public concern for animal welfare and acceptance of new population control methods will be influenced by such labels. The animal welfare implications of new population control technology must be balanced against the existing inhumane lethal methods used. It will be difficult to resolve the dilemma of a mechanism for disseminating a fertility control agent that will cause some animal suffering (e.g. a genetically-manipulated myxoma virus for European rabbits), yet may reduce future rabbit populations and therefore the number suffering from lethal methods. An Animal Impact Statement is proposed as a tool to assist debate during development of fertility control methods and for decision making prior to their use. A comprehensive and objective Animal Impact Statement may introduce an ethic that moves the pendulum from attitudes that allow sentient animals to be destroyed by any and all available means, towards a more objective selection of the most effective and humane methods.
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Shcherbak, O. V., and O. V. Semenko. "FERTILITY OF GOATS AFFECTED OF PARASITIC DISEASES." Animal Breeding and Genetics 54 (November 29, 2017): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.54.25.

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In modern conditions of management there is a need for systematical regulation of individual stages of the animal reproduction process in order to ensure the effective use of genetic resources of the breeding stock, planning of production processes and the timing of their implementation. One of the problems of the zootechnical and veterinary sciences are parasitic diseases and pathology parturition, which relates to the urgent issues of reducing the reproductive capacity of animals and inhibits the rapid development of livestock, in particular, goats breeding. In the case of a chronic course of parasitic diseases, animals do not enter hunting or note an inferior sexual cycle and, accordingly, farmers do not receive the applause and there are significant losses in milk productivity. The purpose of our research was to consider the main indicators characterizing reproducible ability of goats and the preservation of the offsprings in the presence of parasitic diseases. For this purpose we have applied parasitological and zootechnical methods of research. We examined 98 goats from 25 individual farms in the city Borispol. It was established that only 4,1% of our investigated 98 goats were free from parasites. 12.3% of goats were affected by one type of worms (Trichostrongylus axei), 26.5% of goats were affected by two types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei and Cooperia punctata), 21.4% – by three types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata and Nematodirus spatiger, 20.4% – by four types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, Nematodirus spatiger, Ostertagia ostertagi), 10.2% – by five types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, Nematodirus spatiger, Ostertagia ostertagi Oesophagostomym radiatum) and 6.1% – by six types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, Nematodirus spatiger, Ostertagia ostertagi Oesophagostomium radiatum, Bunostomum phlebotomum). All revealed worms belonged to the Strongylata order and were pathogens gastrointestinal Strongylata infections in goats. In 25.5% of the examined animals, a significant defeat of Trichodectidae ectoparasites was observed. The analysis of the results showed the need for parasitological studies of animals kept in individual farms. The death of the goats predominantly accounts for the first 20 days of their post-embryonal life, which we observed in 77.8% of cases of death of the goats born from goats that revealed the presence of parasitic diseases. 6.4% of the goats from the coughing-affected parasites were unsatisfactory with a low clinical development status. In goats free from parasites, all born goats have a satisfactory clinical condition with high development potential. In the article we present the prospect of conducting further parasitological studies to ensure healthy clinical condition of animals, obtaining viable young animals and full realization of the productive potential of the animal.
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HOLLAND, MICHAEL K. "Fertility Control in Wild Populations of Animals." Journal of Andrology 20, no. 5 (September 10, 1999): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.1999.tb02557.x.

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Ribas-Maynou, Jordi, Isabel Barranco, and Albert Salas-Huetos. "Sperm Quality and Fertility of Livestock Animals." Animals 13, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13040604.

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Stöhr, K., and F. X. Meslin. "Zoonoses and fertility control in wildlife—requirements for vaccines." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 9, no. 1 (1997): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/r96055.

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This paper reflects on public health considerations on the voluntary release of anti-fertility vaccines for wildlife in the environment. The World Health Organization (WHO) has established a variety of recommendations on safety and efficacy requirements for the voluntary release of rabies vaccines used for oral immunization of animals. These requirements cover aspects of control of rabies and possible biological consequences in the target population. They also deal with the protection of the health of humans and other non-target species that might come into contact with the different oral rabies vaccines used in various parts of the world. These recommendations are laid down in several WHO publications. They are specific to the disease concerned, the target animal reservoir, the relationship and types of contact between humans and target animals, the vaccines and baits used and the respective conditions of oral immunization of wildlife in densely-populated areas. Many of these recommendations also apply to the development and application of contraceptive vaccines for wildlife carnivores. Additional safety requirements concern the transmissibility of the antigen, the reversibility of the intervention within an individual animal and in animal populations, as well as the species specificity of the antigen used. The management of animal populations that are reservoirs for zoonotic diseases is a possible means by which diseases that are transmissible from animals to humans could be prevented. Oral contraception by means of vaccines is an appealing method, provided that requirements for protecting public and animal health, as well as ensuring environmental safety, are precisely defined and strictly adhered to.
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Brzáková, Michaela, Ludmila Zavadilová, Josef Přibyl, Petr Pešek, Eva Kašná, and Anita Kranjčevičová. "Estimation of genetic parameters for female fertility traits in the Czech Holstein population." Czech Journal of Animal Science 64, No. 5 (May 26, 2019): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/51/2018-cjas.

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Genetic parameters for fertility traits in Czech Holstein population were estimated. The database obtained from the Czech-Moravian Breeders Corporation with 6 414 486 insemination records between years 2005–2015 was used. Date of calving of the selected animals was taken from the database of milk records from 2005–2015. Fertility traits were age at first service (AFS), age at first calving (AFC), days open (DO), calving interval (CI) and first service to conception interval in cows (FSC-C) and heifers (FSC-H). The heritability of each trait was estimated using single-trait animal models. The model included fixed effects of herd-year-season of birth, herd-year-month of calving, lactation order, parity, last calving ease, linear and quadratic regressions on age at first insemination in heifers or on age at first calving in cows. Random effects were animal, permanent environmental effect and random residual error. After edits, the final data set included up to 599 901 observations from up to 448 037 animals dependent on traits. The range of heritability estimates was from 0.010 to 0.058. The lowest heritability was for first service to conception interval in heifers, and the highest heritability was for age at first service. Variances of random permanent effects were higher than variance of additive genetic effect in all traits manifested in mature cows. Repeatability ranged from 0.060 to 0.090. Genetic correlations between traits were estimated using a bivariate animal model. High positive genetic correlations were found between AFS–AFC, DO–CI, FSC-C–DO and FSC-C–CI. A moderate genetic correlation was found between AFS–FSC-H and between AFC. A negative correlation was found between AFS–FSC-C. Correlations between other traits were close to zero. The results suggest that the level of these reproductive traits can be improved by selection of animals with high genetic merit.
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Umer, Saqib, Shan Jiang Zhao, Abdul Sammad, Bahlibi Weldegebriall Sahlu, YunWei Pang, and Huabin Zhu. "AMH: Could It Be Used as A Biomarker for Fertility and Superovulation in Domestic Animals?" Genes 10, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10121009.

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Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a reliable and easily detectable reproductive marker for the fertility competence of many farm animal species. AMH is also a good predictor of superovulation in cattle, sheep, and mares. In this review, we have summarized the recent findings related to AMH and its predictive reliability related to fertility and superovulation in domestic animals, especially in cattle. We focused on: (1) the dynamics of AMH level from infancy to prepubescence as well as during puberty and adulthood; (2) AMH as a predictor of fertility; (3) the association between antral follicle count (AFC) and plasma AMH level; (4) AMH as a predictor of superovulation; and (5) factors affecting AMH levels in domestic animals, especially cattle. Many factors affect the circulatory levels of AMH when considering the plasma, like nutrition, activity of granulosa cells, disease state and endocrine disruptions during fetal life. Briefly, we concluded that AMH concentrations are static within individuals, and collection of a single dose of blood has become more popular in the field of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). It may act as a potential predictor of fertility, superovulation, and ovarian disorders in domestic animals. However, due to the limited research in domestic animals, this potential of AMH remains underutilized.
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Cole, D. J. A., and W. H. Close. "Nutritional manipulation of fertility and fecundity." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1986 (March 1986): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600015683.

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An examination of the influence of nutrition on the series of chronological events in the breeding lifetime has suggested that satisfactory breeding animals can be produced on a range of regimens in early life. For example, nutrition during the rearing phase has to be fairly severe (50% of ad libitum or less) to significantly delay puberty.Nutrition needs to serve the immediate reproductive needs of the animal and to ensure that the animal is in satisfactory body condition to reproduce throughout its breeding lifetime. Consequently, at certain stages there will be competition for energy and nutrients between the products of conception or lactation on the one hand and the maternal body tissues on the other.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fertility of animals"

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Kanchanawatee, Krieng. "S-nitrosylation in immunity and fertility : a general mechanism conserved in plants and animals." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7685.

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Post-translational modification is an intracellular process that modifies the properties of proteins to extend the range of protein function without spending energy in de novo peptide synthesis. There are many post-translational modifications, for example, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and S-nitrosylation. S-Nitrosylation is a post-translational modification which adds nitric oxide (NO) to sulfhydryl groups at cysteine residues to form S-nitrosothiol (SNO), and is required for plant immunity and fertility. Cellular NO changes between a pool of free NO and bound SNO. During pathogen infection, nitrosative stress in plants is mainly controlled by Snitrosothiolglutathione reductase (GSNOR) via the decomposition of GSNO. GSNOR is an alcohol dehydrogenase type 3 (ADH3) which has both GSNOR and formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH) activities. The roles of S-nitrosylation in mammals overlap with those in plants. This conservation led us to explore the relationship between S-nitrosylation, immune response, and fertility in Drosophila melanogaster as it might prove to be a good genetic model for further analysis of the role of S-nitrosylation in animals. I have identified fdh as the likely gsnor in D. melanogaster and have knocked this out using an overlapping deficiency technique in order to observe the effect on immunity and fertility. There are two main pathways in the Drosophila innate immune response, the Toll pathway for protecting against gram-positive bacteria and fungi, and the Imd pathway against gram-negative bacteria. I have investigated the effect of removing GSNOR on sensitivity to gramnegative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Erwinia carotovora) by septic and oral infection, and to fungi (Beauveria bassiana). Susceptibility to infection by the gram negative bacteria was similar to wild-type but susceptibility to B. bassiana was increased. This increase in susceptibility correlated with reduced anti-fungal antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production after B. bassiana infection. This suggests that GSNOR might be required for the normal activity of the Toll pathway or novel Toll-independent processes. We also observed that gsnor knockout impairs fertility and development of embryos.
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Mussard, Martin Lane. "Influence of the Size and Age of the Ovulatory Follicle on Fertility in Beef Cattle." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259810767.

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Soler, David C. "The PP1 gamma isoforms restore spermatogenesis but not fertility in PP1 gamma null mice." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1259087463.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed May 17, 2010). Advisor: Srinivasan Vijayaraghavan. Keywords: sperm; spermatogenesis; PP1gamma2; PP1gamma1; mice; transgene. Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-123).
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Thabo, Molekwa Julian. "Relationships between cock semen viability and the fertility of artificially inseminated South African indigenous chicken breeds." Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/106.

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Thesis (M. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007
Four different South African indigenous (Naked Neck (NN), Ovambo (OVB), Venda (VD) and Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK) chicken breeds were used in this study. From each of the four breeds of chicken, 40 hens and 8 cocks were selected randomly. Two groups each of sixteen cocks were subsequently formed: high performing (HP) and low performing (LP) groups to determine the relationships between cock semen viability and the fertility of artificially inseminated South African indigenous layer breeds. Semen was collected following five minutes of sexual massage (5SM) and evaluated for semen volume (ml), sperm motility (%), live sperm (%) and total sperm (x109/ml). Semen from each cock was then used to inseminate five hens per breed, in each treatment. Each hen was inseminated twice a week throughout the duration of the trial. During the experimental period, each hen was inseminated with 0.05 ml diluted semen. The artificially inseminated hens were examined for average egg weight (g), fertility (%), hatchability of set eggs (%), live chicks (%), normal chicks (%) and chick weight (g). A total of 1600 eggs, i.e. 400 eggs from each breed were collected in three batches following artificial insemination from individually caged hens and were hatched to compare hatching parameters among breeds. The hatchability traits of hens of the four breeds (NN, OVB, PK and VD) were compared. Hatching egg weight had significant (P < 0.05) difference among the four breeds. The results of this study indicate that semen viability exemplified by ejaculate volume, sperm motility; live sperm and total sperm per ejaculate were significantly (P < 0.01) superior in the HP cocks compared to the LP cocks. Hens inseminated with semen from the HP cocks in each experimental group resulted in higher egg weight (g), fertility (%), hatchability of set eggs (%), live chicks (%), normal chicks (%) and chick weight (g). Significant positive relationships existed between semen volume and sperm motility (P < 0.05), semen volume and live sperm cells (P < 0.01), semen volume and total sperm (P < 0.01) in NN, OVB and VD, with negative correlations in PK. Some positive correlations were found between sperm motility and live spermatozoa (P < 0.01), sperm motility and total sperm (P < 0.01), live sperm and total sperm (P< 0.01) in NN, OVB, PK and VND. Fertility was the highest in the HP group. Fertility was also the highest in PK, intermediate and similar in OVB and NN and lowest in VD (P<0.05). Breed had a significant effect on hatchability of fertile eggs (P<0.05). Hatchability of total eggs set was highest in PK and NN, intermediate in OVB and lowest in VD (P<0.05). Breed had a significant effect on live, normal chicks and chick weight (P<0.05). Live chick was the highest in NN, whereas at day-old, normal chick and chick weight at hatching were the highest (23.50 ± 0.11) (P<0.05) in PK (98.14 ± 0.67 vs. 37.90 ± 0.28 g), intermediate and similar in NN (87.90 ± 0.63 vs. 23.50 ± 0.11) and OVB (87.75 ± 0.45 vs. 32.81 ± 0.49 g) and the lowest but with an acceptable value in VD (76.85 ± 0.46 vs. 26.90 ± 0.36 g). There were some correlations among different hatchability traits depending on breed. The correlations were more profound among PK. It was clear that chick weight as percent of egg weight was not just a function of egg weight, and that genotype also played an important role favouring the heavier breeds. The results obtained in this study on the relationships between cock semen viability and the fertility of artificially inseminated South African indigenous layer breeds elucidate that the use of high performing (HP) cocks following five minutes of sexual massage, prior to semen collection and artificial insemination of layers is a practical method for optimising sperm viability and subsequent fertility of hens. The results of this study suggest that the Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK) cocks and hens are superior to the Naked Necks (NN), Ovambo (OVB) and Venda (VD). The Ovambo and Naked Neck cocks ranked second in donating quality semen as well as in improving the fertility and hatchability traits of the indigenous chicken breeds. Thus selection of high performing cocks through five minutes sexual massage prior to semen collection and use is recommended for poultry AI breeding programmes.
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Robertson, Kirsten 1975. "The reproductive phenotype of the male aromatase knockout mouse." Monash University, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8444.

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Bobic, Gavrilovic Bojana. "Reproductive patterns in the domestic dog : a retrospective study, with the Drever breed as model /." Uppsala : Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/10639782.pdf.

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Fernandez, Carla Dal Bianco. "Função reprodutiva em ratos machos obesos por consumo de dieta hipercalórica." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/318035.

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Orientador: Wilma De Grava Kempinas
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T02:46:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandez_CarlaDalBianco_D.pdf: 4399629 bytes, checksum: 5e3c4d594df1ba1dd65fdfd541b7fa14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: O sobrepeso e a obesidade estão aumentando rapidamente, tornando-se uma epidemia mundial. Estas duas condições podem ser definidas simplesmente como o acúmulo excessivo de gordura nos adipócitos, células do tecido adiposo responsáveis pela síntese e liberação de leptina, um hormônio protéico cuja principal ação é inibir o apetite e estimular o gasto energético, mas que também atua na regulação do eixo hipotalâmico-hipofisáriogonadal. As concentrações séricas de leptina apresentam-se elevadas, proporcionalmente à quantidade de gordura, em muitos modelos animais de obesidade e na obesidade humana. Recentemente alguns estudos têm mostrado a relação entre obesidade e infertilidade masculina, mas até o momento os resultados são controversos. Da mesma forma, o papel da leptina no sistema reprodutor masculino não está muito esclarecido, principalmente quando este hormônio está em excesso, como na obesidade. Assim, os objetivos do presente estudo foram investigar os efeitos da obesidade induzida por consumo de dieta rica em gordura em parâmetros reprodutivos de ratos machos. Também foi investigado o papel da leptina na fertilidade e em alguns parâmetros espermáticos, em ratos machos adultos. Para isso, ratos machos da variedade Wistar foram alimentados com dieta hipercalórica rica em gordura (DH) ou com dieta padrão (DP) durante 15, 30 ou 45 semanas, e foram avaliados quanto ao índice de obesidade, níveis séricos de leptina, peso dos órgãos reprodutores e contagens espermáticas. Em um segundo experimento, os animais receberam as diferentes dietas apenas por 15 semanas, tempo suficiente para provocar obesidade. Esses animais foram avaliados quanto às dosagens dos hormônios sexuais, comportamento sexual, motilidade e morfologia espermática, fertilidade após cruzamento natural e inseminação artificial in utero. Além disso, ratos machos adultos não-obesos foram tratados com leptina exógena, ou com salina, ip, por 42 dias e avaliados quanto ao peso dos órgãos reprodutores, contagens espermáticas, motilidade dos espermatozóides e fertilidade após inseminação artificial. Após 15, 30 ou 45 semanas, os animais alimentados com DH apresentaram um aumento significativo no índice de obesidade e nos níveis de leptina. O peso dos órgãos reprodutores e as contagens espermáticas foram similares entre os dois grupos, em todos os períodos estudados. Nos animais que receberam DH por 15 semanas, o comportamento sexual e a fertilidade após acasalamento natural foram semelhantes aos do grupo controle. Da mesma forma, os níveis de testosterona não foram alterados, mas os de estradiol aumentaram nos animais que ingeriram DH. Além disso, a qualidade espermática foi reduzida nestes animais, como evidenciado pela baixa porcentagem de espermatozóides com movimento progressivo. A alteração da motilidade espermática foi seguida por uma redução quantitativa do potencial de fertilidade após inseminação artificial in utero. Os animais tratados com leptina não apresentaram diferenças nas contagens espermáticas nem na motilidade quando comparados aos animais controle. No entanto, o potencial de fertilidade reduziu cerca de 40% e a taxa de perdas pré-implantação foi duas vezes maior nos animais tratados com leptina. Juntos, esses resultados indicam que a obesidade diminuiu a qualidade espermática, prejudicando a fertilidade dos ratos machos, e que, provavelmente a leptina está relacionada a este prejuízo
Abstract: Overweight and obesity are rapidly becoming a worldwide epidemic that affects children and adults. These two statuses are often defined simply as a condition of abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue, whose cells are responsible for synthesis and release of leptin. This is a protein hormone whose main action is to decrease appetite and increase energy expenditure, but it also act as regulatory signal for gonadal axis, among other functions. Serum leptin concentration is augmented in several obesity animal models and in obese human, proportionately to the amount of fat. Some studies have shown a relationship between obesity and male infertility, but until now it remains controversial. In the same way, the role of leptin on male reproductive function is not clear, mainly when the hormone is in excess as occur in obesity. Thus, the aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of high-fat diet-induced obesity on male rats' reproductive parameters. Furthermore it was evaluated the possible role of the excess of leptin on fertility and some sperm parameters in adult male rats. To achieve these aims, male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or standard chow (SD) for 15, 30 or 45 and were evaluated by adiposity index, serum leptin levels, reproductive organ weights and sperm counts. In a second experiment rats received HFD or SD only for 15 weeks, long enough to cause obesity. Sexual hormones, sexual behavior, sperm morphology and motility, fertility after natural mating and after artificial in utero insemination were evaluated. Moreover, non-obese adult male rats were treated with exogenous leptin ip (30?g/kg/day) or vehicle for 42 days and were evaluated for sperm count in testis and epididymis, sperm motility and fertility after in utero artificial insemination. After 15, 30 or 45 weeks, HFD-fed animals presented significant increases in obesity index and serum leptin levels. Reproductive organ weights and sperm counts in the testis and epididymis were similar between the two groups at all timepoints studied. In HFD-fed animals only for 15 weeks, sexual behavior and fertility after natural mating were not altered by the diet regimen. In these animals, intergroup testosterone levels were also comparable, but estradiol levels were increased in HDF rats. Furthermore, sperm quality was reduced in 15 weeks HFD-fed animals as evidenced by their decreased percentage of sperm with progressive movement. This altered motility parameter was followed by a quantitative reduction in fertility potential after artificial in utero insemination. Leptin treated animals did not show any differences in sperm counts either in the testis or epididymis. In the same way, the percentage of progressive, non-progressive and immotile sperm was similar between the two groups. However, the fertility potential showed a reduction of about 40% whereas the pre-implantation loss rate increased more than two fold in leptin treated animals. These results indicate that obesity lead to a decrease in sperm quality, impairing male fertility and probably the excess of leptin is related with this alteration of fertility
Doutorado
Biologia Celular
Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
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Kitwood, Sarah Elizabeth. "Studies of the relationship between nutrition and fertililty in the dairy cow." Thesis, Bangor University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291719.

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Skopp, Stacy. "Fertility Associated Antigen (FAA): Economics of Testing." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203498.

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Proteins in bull semen have been found that increase fertility, including the fertility-associated antigen (FAA). The uses of FAA-positive bulls have been found in previous studies to increase conception rates at least 16%. Increased fertility rates by FAA-positive bulls increased the number of pregnant cows early in the breeding seasonUsing historical data to compute an equation that can demonstrate buyers and producers in the Southwestern United States the benefits of using and testing for FAA-positive bulls over time. The cost for addition of a cassette to the BSE testing will be offset by an increase in conception rate, birthing rate, and increase calf weaning weightsThis study focuses on the Southwestern United States, but eventually the information may be used nationwide. Fertility-associated antigen is a new science that is being studied to help the cattle industry increase production and profitability.
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McCauley, Tod Christopher 1965. "Identification of seminal proteins related to fertility of bulls." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282670.

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These studies were conducted to determine the chemical identity of heparin binding proteins in semen that are related to fertility of bulls. The first study describes the isolation and identification of a 31,000 dalton fertility-associated antigen (FAA). FAA was found to have significant primary structure homology to a recently described novel DNase I-like protein. The physiological significance of the similarities between FAA and a protein homologous to DNase I is unknown at this time as no function has been described for the DNase I-like protein. The second study describes the isolation and identification of a 24,000 dalton seminal heparin binding protein. It was found to be similar, if not identical, to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2). TIMP-2 regulates matrix metalloprotease activity and therefore, potentially plays a key role in the structural makeup of the extracellular matrix. These findings suggest that regulation of enzymatic activity in seminal fluid is in large part a function of heparin binding proteins that have been correlated to fertility of bulls, one being a potentially novel extracellular nuclease and a second acting as a specific inhibitor of metalloprotease activity. In addition to the ability to modulate capacitation of sperm, seminal heparin binding proteins likely are key players in protecting sperm and male reproductive tract tissues from enzymatic hydrolysis. The proteins identified in this dissertation represent novel additions to the previously described seminal heparin binding protein families. Clearly, these data indicate a growing complexity of seminal fluid and implicate a novel Dnase I-like protein and TIMP-2 in affecting cellular events related to fertility potential of males.
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Books on the topic "Fertility of animals"

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1943-, Gillies Christopher B., ed. Fertility and chromosome pairing: Recent studies in plants and animals. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1989.

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International, Symposium on Fertility Control in Wildlife (5th 2001 Skukuza Kruger National Park). Fertility control in wildlife: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Fertility Control in Wildlife, Skukuza, the Kruger National Park, South Africa, August 2001. Cambridge [England]: Society for Reproduction and Fertility, 2002.

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Grassland invertebrates: Ecology, influence on soil fertility, and effects on plant growth. London: Chapman & Hall, 1994.

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Rafailovna, Striganova Bella, Zakharov A. A, and Institut ėvoli͡u︡t͡s︡ionnoĭ morfologii i ėkologii zhivotnykh im. A.N. Severt͡s︡ova., eds. Pochvennai͡a︡ fauna i pochvennoe plodorodie: Trudy 9-go Mezhdunarodnogo kollokviuma po pochvennoĭ zoologii, Moskva, avgust 1985 g. Moskva: "Nauka", 1987.

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McKeown, Ronan Michael. The effect of immunization against an inhibin fragment on hormone concentrations and testicular function in rams. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1996.

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ill, Hata Kōshirō 1963, and Liu Woyu translator, eds. En en tai lang: Bian bian xiao tou de mi mi. Taibei Shi: Xiao lu wen hua shi ye gu fen you xian gong si, 2015.

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Byung-ho, Kim, and Kim Hyŏn-jin, eds. Bian bian, zhen shi liao bu qi! Taibei Shi: Tian xia yuan jian chu ban gu fen you xian gong si, 2005.

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Lantbruksuniversitet, Sveriges, ed. Induced testicular alterations in peripubertal and mature boars: With special reference to the attainment of spermatogenesis, structure of seminiferous epithelium, sperm morphology and fertility. Uppsala: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1993.

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1963-, Hata Kōshirō, and Liu Woyu, eds. En en tai lang. Taipei Shi: Xiao lu wen hua shi ye gu fen you xian gong si, 2012.

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Soderquist, Lennart. Sperm characteristics and fertility in dairy A.I. bulls: With special reference to sperm motility, ATP content, sperm morphology, and spermatogenesis. Uppsala: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fertility of animals"

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Conforti, Valéria. "Biotechnology and Fertility Regulation." In Reproductive Genomics in Domestic Animals, 317–38. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780813810898.ch14.

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Jiang, Zhihua, Galen A. Williams, Jie Chen, and Jennifer J. Michal. "Mitochondriomics of Reproduction and Fertility." In Reproductive Genomics in Domestic Animals, 157–79. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780813810898.ch7.

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Datta, T. K., Sandeep Kumar, Vivek Verma, Vipul Batra, and Rakesh Kumar. "Epigenetic Bearing on Fertility in Farm Animals." In Current Concepts in Bovine Reproduction, 319–40. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0116-4_16.

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Liu, Wansheng. "Comparative Genomics of the Y Chromosome and Male Fertility." In Reproductive Genomics in Domestic Animals, 129–55. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780813810898.ch6.

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Claus, R., U. Weiler, and R. Hahn. "Photoperiod and Fertility in the Pig." In Endocrine Causes of Seasonal and Lactational Anestrus in Farm Animals, 119–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5026-9_14.

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Philibert, D., M. Moguilewsky, I. Mary, D. Lecaque, C. Tournemine, J. Secchi, and R. Deraedt. "Pharmacological Profile of RU 486 in Animals." In The Antiprogestin Steroid RU 486 and Human Fertility Control, 49–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1242-0_3.

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Çöl, M., B. S. Sayli, Y. Genç, E. Erçevik, A. H. Elhan, and A. Keklik. "An Assessment of Fertility in Boron-Exposed Turkish Subpopulations." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 10, 1080–81. New York, NY: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47466-2_331.

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Himonas, C., S. Frydas, and K. Antoniadol-Sotiriadou. "The Fertility of Hydatid Cysts in Food Animals in Greece." In Helminth Zoonoses, 12–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3341-5_2.

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Lefèvre, B., J. Poupon, A. Pesty, V. Machelon, and J. Testart. "Effects of Lead on the Maturation of the Female Gamete and Fertility." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 10, 701–2. New York, NY: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47466-2_227.

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Ruksan, B. E., M. Correa Luna, and F. Lagos. "Effect of Oral Copper Needles and Parenteral Copper on Hypocupraemia, Body Weight Gain and Fertility in Cattle." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 6, 653–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0723-5_238.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fertility of animals"

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Balčiauskas, Linas, Vitalijus Stirkė, and Laima Balčiauskienė. "Chunky reproduces better? Small rodent fertility and fitness in commercial orchards." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Animals—Global Sustainability and Animals: Science, Ethics and Policy. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ieca2020-08541.

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ABRAMOVA, Marina, Mariya BARYShEVA, and Mihail KOSTYLEV. "Efficiency of breeding by fertility of Romanov sheep." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production 27 (75). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-27-75-140-145.

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The article presents the results of the evaluation of the breeding value of Romanov sheep of the Yaroslavl region population by fertility, type of birth and live weight at the first lambing. It was found that the indicators of phenotypic variability by type of birth and fertility by the first lambing were at the level of average values, which indicates the possibility of selecting individuals with desirable phenotypes. When evaluating animals using breeding value indices according to the proposed models, the genetic improvement in live weight will be 0.7–1.7 kg, in fertility — 0.03–0.06 heads. The economic effect of using genotype estimation models by live weight will be 150–340 rubles, by fertility — 480–882 rubles per head per year.
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Sitnic, Veaceslav. "Embryonic fertility and mortality of the Microtus arvalis species (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in the anthropic landscape." In International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.23.

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Embryonic fertility and mortality of the Microtus arvalis species (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in the anthropic landscape. The purpose of the paper was to study the embryonic fertility and mortality of Microtus arvalis individuals in the anthropic landscape. These parameters were analyzed based on a sample of 930 individuals. It has been determined that fertility increases from the first to the second gestation and there is an insignificant difference in the size of the offsprings of the generations of Microtus arvalis species that have wintered and in the number of the offsprings of the first spring generation.
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Kuzmina, T. I., D. N. Tatarskaya, and V. YU Kravtsov. "PROSPECTS FOR THE USING OF SILICON-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF IN VITRO MATURATION OF ANIMAL OOCYTES." In "International Scientific and Practical Conference" THEORY AND PRACTICE OF VETERINARY PHARMACY, ECOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY IN AIC ", dedicated to the centenary of the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, SPbSUVM. FSBEI HE St. Petersburg SUVM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/3006-2021-2-129-131.

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In vitro production of animal embryos is an important tool for solving male and female infertility problems in animals. Modeling of extracorporeal maturation systems of oocytes using siliconcontaining compounds in the composition of culture media revealed the peculiarities of the realization of their effects on somatic and germ cells of ovarian follicles, depending on the structure. Highly dispersed silica nanoparticles (nHDS) positive effects on the fertility of female gametes in Bos Taurus and Sus Scrofa Domesticus. The gel substrate of silica (silicon dimethylglycerolate - DMGC) does not cause an increase in the level of embryos cleavage, while it does not have cytoand genotoxicity when tested on somatic and germ cells of antral follicles.Key words: siliconcontaining compounds, in vitro maturation, animal oocytes.
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LOREDO NETO, Francisco Antonio, Gabriela Santos FREITAS, Raquel Varella SERAPIÃO, Leticia Patrão GOMES, and Thiago Luiz Pereira MARQUES. "ANALYSIS OF THE SEXUAL BEHAVIOR OF BULLS OF THE TABAPUÃ BREED." In SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2021 INTERNATIONAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE. DR. D. SCIENTIFIC CONSULTING, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.21scon.43_abstract_loredo.pdf.

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Beef cattle is one of the main sectors that drive the national economy, given the great generation of employment, presence in the consumer market, and exports. Among the various services generated, technical assistance to producers stands out, who work in several areas and, especially reproduction, which is a great ally to bovine production, because through it it is possible to monetize the creation with the use of reproducers with high fertility potential boosting livestock productivity. Therefore, the andrological evaluation in the sires is an important factor in selecting superior animals, seeking to improve the fertility of the herd. The present study aimed to analyze the sexual behavior of bulls of the Tabapuã breed, through the libido test, as part of the andrological examination. Ten young bulls of the Tabapuã breed were used, aged between 24-43 months, with an average weight of 375kg, without sexual experience. The libido test was performed from the contact of males with females in estrus and out of estrus to assess sexual interest. It was observed that half of the animals were classified with low libido (50%) and the other part with medium (30%) and high (20%) libido. In addition, it was observed that the most frequent sexual events were the identification of estrus. Finally, given the results of animals classified with low libido, it is suggested that sexual inexperience is correlated, and it is recommended to insert these cattle with high libido bulls so that they can observe the behaviors and gain experience.
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Ushivtsev, Vladimir, Maya Galaktionova, Sergey Kotenkov, and Tatyana Sinitsyna. "The state of crayfish (Astacidae) populations in a certain area of the Caspian Sea Eastern coast in 2022." In "The Caspian in the Digital Age" within the framework of the International Scientific Forum "Caspian 2021: Ways of Sustainable Development". Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsebm.iqxy7256.

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The aim is to study crayfish (Astacidae) distribution, fertility and stocks in coastal waters on the Caspian Sea Eastern shelf in the area between cape Rakushechny and cape Tokmak. The research was carried out in summer 2022. The material was collected by shallow-water divers using the method of crayfish route census and selection at the transects with an area of 100-200 m2. Collected samples were speciated, measured, weighed and evaluated from fertility viewpoint. Population was estimated on the basis of crayfish clusters density en routes (ind./m2) with further reestimation within biotopes that were identified using the data of the Caspian Sea satellite monitoring and were specified with the help of a drone. The stocks were estimated on the basis of the collected animals’ length and weight characteristics. Two Astacidae species inhabit the area: Pontastacus eichwald Воtt – long-clawed crayfish, and Caspiastacus pachypus Rathke – thick-clawed crayfish. Comparative analysis of the current results and the data from the 1970s to 1990s has identified that the situation had changed. C. Рachypus habitat has expanded. Both Astacidae species working fertility has decreased. Crayfish stocks in the researched sector have commercial value. Using data from satellite survey and drone observation increase the research objectivity significantly.
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Сапрыкин, С. Ю. "Greek inscription from the Ak-Kaya settlement." In Древности Боспора. Crossref, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2018.978-5-94375-250-6.194-203.

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The article is devoted to the study of the Greek inscription on the fragment of Rhodian amphora which had been discovered during the excavations of the settlement Ak-Kaya (modern Vishennoe) in the Central Crimea. The site is strongly fortified and was attributed as a residence or even a first capital of the rulers in the Crimean Scythia. The inscription could be dated to the late 3rd – beginning of the 2nd century BC and this date corresponds to chronology of the whole settlement. Graffito is a dedication to the unnamed Goddess which had been made by the inhabitants of the site. Their personal names are kept in the lower part of the inscription. Among them one can see a craftsman – tekhnites, a reaper and khoritai – land-tillers (peasants) who lived in the site. The term khoritai allows to attribute the settlement Ak-Kaya as khorion – a fortified place which put under control the adjacent region. People who lived there along with the neighboring periphery composed a rural community and were associated as worshippers of the Goddess presumably patron of fertility, plants and animals. This association looked like Greek thiasoi, orgeones and tekhnitai while the Greek language and personal names testify to a rather high level of Hellenization which by that time spread over the TauroScythian population.
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Saleh, Dadang Mulyadi, Mas Yedi Sumaryadi, Aras Prasetiyo Nugroho, and Chomsiatun Nurul Hidayah. "Effect of the Addition of Egg Yolk to Skim Milk Extender and Storage Time on the Motility and Fertility of Kampung Rooster Spermatozoa." In International Conference on Improving Tropical Animal Production for Food Security (ITAPS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220309.021.

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Draganskaya, Maria, Inna Savvicheva, Pavel Lishchenko, and Vasily Adamko. "COMPETITION TEST RESULTS OF VARIETIES AND VARIETIES OF YELLOW LUPINE." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-24-72-88-93.

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To successfully solve the problem of vegetable protein deficiency in animal feeding and preserve soil fertility, the need for expanding the sown area under yellow lupine has been established. The results of competitive testing of varieties and varieties of yellow lupine on sandy and sandy loamy soils according to the parameters of the structural analysis of plants, resistance to diseases and grain productivity are presented. Breeding variety samples 4-12-302, 3-12-182, 5-10-84, 1-08-7-75 were obtained, with an average yield of 14.7-16.5 kg/ha, which is higher than the average standard by 2, 0-3.8 kg/ha. The grades and varieties of yellow lupine are evaluated for their resistance to anthracnose in the field. The correlation coefficients between productivity and weather conditions were calculated in the years of research, which to a greater extent (60%) affect the structural elements and productivity.
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J.P. Chastain, E.D. Dickens, W.D. Lucas, J.J. Camberato, and K.P. Moore. "Tree Growth Benefits and Water Quality Impacts of Using Animal Manure to Fertilize Pine Plantations: Project Summary." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.14022.

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Reports on the topic "Fertility of animals"

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Labrune, Elsa, Bruno Salle, and Jacqueline Lornage. An update on in vitro folliculogenesis: a new technique for post-cancer fertility. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0111.

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Review question / Objective: The present review intends to summarize the progress of in vitro folliculogenesis in humans. It focuses on the culture media and then, according to the culture stage, on the different culture systems developed with comments on the results obtained. Condition being studied: This review focuses on the progress of in vitro folliculogenesis in humans. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria : all original English-language articles on in vitro folliculogenesis from ovarian tissue in humans; exclusion criteria: non-English papers, works on animals, in vitro maturation and in vivo maturation works carried out within the context of in vitro fertilization protocols, studies on in vitro folliculogenesis that checked slow freezing and/or vitrification of ovarian tissue, studies on frozen or vitrified tissues (these do not have the same objective), studies on short culture times, and studies that lacked major results.
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Huijser, Marcel, E. R. Fairbank, and K. S. Paul. Best Practices Manual to Reduce Animal-Vehicle Collisions and Provide Habitat Connectivity for Wildlife. Nevada Department of Transportation, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2022.2.

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The goal for this manual is to provide practical information for the implementation of mitigation measures that aim to: 1. Improve human safety through reducing collisions with large animals, including large wild mammal species, select free roaming large feral species, and select free roaming large livestock species, and 2. Improve or maintain habitat connectivity for terrestrial wildlife species and selected feral species through safe crossing opportunities. This manual does not include all possible measures that can or may reduce animal-vehicle collisions and maintain or improve habitat connectivity for wildlife. The measures included in this manual are: Barriers (fences) in combination with crossing structures (for large wild mammals and for small wild animal species), roadside animal detection system, Barriers (fences), Barriers (fences) in combination with crossing structures (for free roaming livestock), and culling, relocation, anti-fertility treatment, roadside animal detection systems, barriers (fences), and barriers (fences) in combination with crossing structures (for large feral mammal species such as feral horses and burros).
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Ostersetzer-Biran, Oren, and Jeffrey Mower. Novel strategies to induce male sterility and restore fertility in Brassicaceae crops. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604267.bard.

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Abstract Mitochondria are the site of respiration and numerous other metabolic processes required for plant growth and development. Increased demands for metabolic energy are observed during different stages in the plants life cycle, but are particularly ample during germination and reproductive organ development. These activities are dependent upon the tight regulation of the expression and accumulation of various organellar proteins. Plant mitochondria contain their own genomes (mtDNA), which encode for rRNAs, tRNAs and some mitochondrial proteins. Although all mitochondria have probably evolved from a common alpha-proteobacterial ancestor, notable genomic reorganizations have occurred in the mtDNAs of different eukaryotic lineages. Plant mtDNAs are notably larger and more variable in size (ranging from 70~11,000 kbp in size) than the mrDNAs in higher animals (16~19 kbp). Another unique feature of plant mitochondria includes the presence of both circular and linear DNA fragments, which undergo intra- and intermolecular recombination. DNA-seq data indicate that such recombination events result with diverged mitochondrial genome configurations, even within a single plant species. One common plant phenotype that emerges as a consequence of altered mtDNA configuration is cytoplasmic male sterility CMS (i.e. reduced production of functional pollen). The maternally-inherited male sterility phenotype is highly valuable agriculturally. CMS forces the production of F1 hybrids, particularly in predominantly self-pollinating crops, resulting in enhanced crop growth and productivity through heterosis (i.e. hybrid vigor or outbreeding enhancement). CMS lines have been implemented in some cereal and vegetables, but most crops still lack a CMS system. This work focuses on the analysis of the molecular basis of CMS. We also aim to induce nuclear or organellar induced male-sterility in plants, and to develop a novel approach for fertility restoration. Our work focuses on Brassicaceae, a large family of flowering plants that includes Arabidopsis thaliana, a key model organism in plant sciences, as well as many crops of major economic importance (e.g., broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and various seeds for oil production). In spite of the genomic rearrangements in the mtDNAs of plants, the number of genes and the coding sequences are conserved among different mtDNAs in angiosperms (i.e. ~60 genes encoding different tRNAs, rRNAs, ribosomal proteins and subunits of the respiratory system). Yet, in addition to the known genes, plant mtDNAs also harbor numerous ORFs, most of which are not conserved among species and are currently of unknown function. Remarkably, and relevant to our study, CMS in plants is primarily associated with the expression of novel chimericORFs, which likely derive from recombination events within the mtDNAs. Whereas the CMS loci are localized to the mtDNAs, the factors that restore fertility (Rfs) are identified as nuclear-encoded RNA-binding proteins. Interestingly, nearly all of the Rf’s are identified as pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, a large family of modular RNA-binding proteins that mediate several aspects of gene expression primarily in plant organelles. In this project we proposed to develop a system to test the ability of mtORFs in plants, which are closely related to known CMS factors. We will induce male fertility in various species of Brassicaceae, and test whether a down-relation in the expression of the recombinantCMS-genes restores fertility, using synthetically designed PPR proteins.
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Hansen, Peter J., Zvi Roth, and Jeremy J. Block. Improving oocyte competence in dairy cows exposed to heat stress. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598163.bard.

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Original Objectives. The overall goal is to develop methods to increase pregnancy rate in lactating dairy cows exposed to heat stress through methods that minimize damage to the oocyte and embryo caused by heat stress. Objectives were as follows: (1) examine the protective effects of melatonin on developmental competence of oocytes exposed to elevated temperature in vitro; (2) test whether melatonin feeding can improve developmental competence of oocytes in vivo and, if so, whether effects are limited to the summer or also occur in the absence of heat stress; and (3) evaluate the effectiveness of improving fertility by facilitating follicular turnover in the summer and winter. Revised Objectives. (1) Examine protective effects of melatonin and follicular fluid on developmental competence of oocytes exposed to elevated temperature in vitro; (2) examine the protective effects of melatonin on developmental competence of embryos exposed to elevated temperature in vitro; (3) evaluate effectiveness of improving fertility by administering human chorionicgonadotropin (hCG) to increase circulating concentrations of progesterone and evaluate whether response to hCG depends upon genotype for four mutations reported to be related to cow fertility; and (4) identify genes with allelic variants that increase resistance of embryos to heat shock. Background. The overall hypothesis is that pregnancy success is reduced by heat stress because of damage to the oocyte and cleavage-stage embryo mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and that fertility can be improved by provision of antioxidants or by removing follicles containing oocytes damaged by heat stress. During the study, additional evidence from the literature indicated the potential importance of treatment with chorionicgonadotropin to increase fertility of heat- stressed cows and results from other studies in our laboratories implicated genotype as an important determinant of cow fertility. Thus, the project was expanded to evaluate hCG treatment and to identify whether fertility response to hCG depended upon single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes implicated as important for cow fertility. We also evaluated whether a SNP in a gene important for cellular resistance to heat stress (HSPA1L, a member of the heat shock protein 70 family) is important for embryonic resistance to elevated temperature. Major conclusions, solutions & achievements. Results confirmed that elevated temperature increases ROS production by the oocyte and embryo and that melatonin decreases ROS. Melatonin reduced, but did not completely block, damaging effects of heat shock on the oocyte and had no effect on development of the embryo. Melatonin was protective to the oocyte at 0.1-1 μM, a concentration too high to be achieved in cows. It was concluded that melatonin is unlikely to be a useful molecule for increasing fertility of heat-stressed cows. Treatment with hCG at day 5 after breeding increased first-service pregnancy rate for primiparous cows but not for multiparous cows. Thus, hCG could be useful for increasing fertility in first-parity cows. The effectiveness of hCG depended upon genotype for a SNP in COQ9, a gene encoding for a mitochondrial-function protein. This result points the way to future efforts to use genetic information to identify populations of cows for which hormone treatments will be effective or ineffective. The SNP in HSPA1L was related to embryonic survival after heat shock. Perhaps, genetic selection for mutations that increase cellular resistance to heat shock could be employed to reduce effects of heat stress on fertility. Implications, both scientific and agricultural. This project has resulted in abandonment of one possible approach to improve fertility of the heat-stressed cow (melatonin therapy) while also leading to a method for improving fertility of primiparous cows exposed to heat stress (hCG treatment) that can be implemented on farms today. Genetic studies have pointed the way to using genetic information to 1) tailor hormonal treatments to cow populations likely to respond favorably and 2) select animals whose embryos have superior resistance to elevated body temperatures.
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Shpigel, Nahum, Raul Barletta, Ilan Rosenshine, and Marcelo Chaffer. Identification and characterization of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis virulence genes expressed in vivo by negative selection. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7696510.bard.

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of a severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in ruminants, known as Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis. Johne’s disease is considered to be one of the most serious diseases affecting dairy cattle both in Israel and worldwide. Heavy economic losses are incurred by dairy farmers due to the severe effect of subclinical infection on milk production, fertility, lower disease resistance and early culling. Its influence in the United States alone is staggering, causing an estimated loss of $1.5 billion to the agriculture industry every year. Isolation of MAP from intestinal tissue and blood of Crohn's patients has lead to concern that it plays a potential pathogenic role in promoting human IDB including Crohn’s disease. There is great concern following the identification of the organism in animal products and shedding of the organism to the environment by subclinically infected animals. Little is known about the molecular basis for MAP virulence. The goal of the original proposed research was to identify MAP genes that are required for the critical stage of initial infection and colonization of ruminants’ intestine by MAP. We proposed to develop and use signature tag mutagenesis (STM) screen to find MAP genes that are specifically required for survival in ruminants upon experimental infection. This research projected was approved as one-year feasibility study to prove the ability of the research team to establish the animal model for mutant screening and alternative in-vitro cell systems. In Israel, neonatal goat kids were repeatedly inoculated with either one of the following organisms; MAP K-10 strain and three transposon mutants of K-10 which were produced and screened by the US PI. Six months after the commencement of inoculation we have necropsied the goats and taken multiple tissue samples from the jejunum, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Both PCR and histopathology analysis indicated on efficient MAP colonization of all the inoculated animals. We have established several systems in the Israeli PI’s laboratory; these include using IS900 PCR for the identification of MAP and using HSP65-based PCR for the differentiation between MAV and MAP. We used Southern blot analysis for the differentiation among transposon mutants of K-10. In addition the Israeli PI has set up a panel of in-vitro screening systems for MAP mutants. These include assays to test adhesion, phagocytosis and survival of MAP to/within macrophages, assays that determine the rate of MAPinduced apoptosis of macrophages and MAP-induced NO production by macrophages, and assays testing the interference with T cell ã Interferon production and T cell proliferation by MAP infected macrophages (macrophage studies were done in BoMac and RAW cell lines, mouse peritoneal macrophages and bovine peripheral blood monocytes derived macrophages, respectively). All partners involved in this project feel that we are currently on track with this novel, highly challenging and ambitious research project. We have managed to establish the above described research systems that will clearly enable us to achieve the original proposed scientific objectives. We have proven ourselves as excellent collaborative groups with very high levels of complementary expertise. The Israeli groups were very fortunate to work with the US group and in a very short time period to master numerous techniques in the field of Mycobacterium research. The Israeli group has proven its ability to run this complicated animal model. This research, if continued, may elucidate new and basic aspects related to the pathogenesis MAP. In addition the work may identify new targets for vaccine and drug development. Considering the possibility that MAP might be a cause of human Crohn’s disease, better understanding of virulence mechanisms of this organism might also be of public health interest as well.
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Adamczewska, Daria, Jolanta Słowikowska-Hilczer, and Renata Walczak-Jędrzejowska. The Association Between Vitamin D and the Components of Male Fertility: a Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0151.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to provide an up-to-date, comprehensive review of the existing literature on the experimental and clinical evidence for the effects of VD on the components of male fertility, sperm parameters and sex hormone production. Condition being studied: Vitamin D serum level in relation to men semen quality and sex hormones serum concentration. Eligibility criteria: Exclusion criteria: not in English; review, meta analysis; animal studies; in vitro studies; study group < 30 subject; insufficient data; wrong or missing outcome.
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Deng, Yingjun, ShengJing Liu, Ming Zhao, Feng Zhao, Jun Guo, and Bin Yan. Diet-induced male infertility in mice models: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0116.

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Review question / Objective: In order to compare the different high energy diet such as high-fat diet and high sugar diet how to damage the male mice model in metabolize and fertility,and explore a reliable mice model method in the study of obesity with male infertility. P：obesity mice model with male infertility. I: High energy diet such as High-fat or High-sugar diet. C:High-fat diet,High-sugar diet, compared with normal diet in mice model. O:High energy diet induce male mice obesity model and damage their fertility. S: Use network meta-analysis. Condition being studied: The relationship between obesity and male infertility attacth more and more attention at present.So many animal expriments are carried out on this problem,there are enough exprimental article to support this meta analysis.
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Huijser, M. P., Robert J. Ament, M. Bell, A. P. Clevenger, E. R. Fairbank, K. E. Gunson, and T. McGuire. Animal Vehicle Collision Reduction and Habitat Connectivity Pooled Fund Study – Literature Review. Nevada Department of Transportation, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2021.12.

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This report contains a summary of past research and new knowledge about the effectiveness of mitigation measures aimed at reducing animal-vehicle collisions and at providing safe crossing opportunities for wildlife. The measures are aimed at terrestrial large bodied wild mammal species, free roaming large livestock species (e.g. cattle, horses), free roaming large feral species (e.g. “wild” horses and burros), and small animal species (amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals). While mitigation is common, it is best to follow a three-step approach: avoidance, mitigation, and compensation or “off-site” mitigation. If reducing collisions with large wild mammals is the only objective, the most effective measures include roadside animal detection systems, wildlife culling, wildlife relocation, anti-fertility treatments, wildlife barriers (fences),and wildlife fences in combination with wildlife crossing structures. If the objectives also include maintaining or improving connectivity for large wild mammals, then wildlife barriers (fences) in combination with wildlife crossing structures are most effective. Measures for large domestic mammal species are largely similar, though for free roaming livestock there are legal, moral and ethical issues. For small animal species, temporary or permanent road closure and road removal are sometimes implemented, but barriers in combination with crossing structures are the most common.
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Hodges, Thomas K., and David Gidoni. Regulated Expression of Yeast FLP Recombinase in Plant Cells. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7574341.bard.

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Research activities in both our laboratories were directed toward development of control of the FLP/frt recombination system for plants. As described in the text of the research proposal, the US lab has been engaged in developing regulatory strategies such as tissue-specific promoters and the steroid-inducible activation of the FLP enzyme while the main research activities in Israel have been directed toward the development and testing of a copper-regulated expression of flp recombinase in tobacco (this is an example of a promoter activation by metal ions). The Israeli lab hat additionally completed experiments of previous studies regarding factors affecting the efficiency of recombinase activity using both a gain-of-function assay (excisional-activation of a gusA marker) and loss of function assay (excision of a rolC marker) in tobacco. Site-specific recombinase systems, in particular the FLP/frt and R/RS systems of yeast and the Cre/lox system of bacteriophage P1, have become an essential component of targeted genetic transformation procedures both in animal and plant organisms. To provide more flexibility in transgene excisions by the recombinase systems as well as gene targeting, and to widen possible applications, the development of controlled or regulated recombination systems is highly desirable and was therefore the subject of this research proposal. There are a few possible mechanisms to regulate expression of a recombinase system. They include: 1) control of the recombination system by having the target sites (e.g. frt) in one plant and the flp recombinase gene in another, and bringing the two together by cross fertilization. 2) regulation of promoter activities by external stimuli such as temperature, chemicals, metal ions, etc. 3) regulation of promoter activities by internal signals, i.e. cell- or tissue-specific, or developmental regulation. 4) regulation of enzyme activity by providing cofactors essential for biochemical reactions to take place such as steroid molecules in conjunction with a steroid ligand-binding protein (domains). During the course of this research our major emphasis have been focused toward studying the feasibility of hybrid seed production in Arabidopsis, using FLP/frt. Male-sterility was induced using the antisence of a pollen- and tapetum-specific gene, bcp1, isolated from Arabidopsis. The sterility inducing gene was flanked by frt sites. Upon cross pollination of flowers of male-sterile plants with pollen from FLP-containing plants, viable seeds were produced, and the progeny hybrid plants developed normally. The major achievement from this work is the first demonstration of using a site-specific recombinase to restore fertility in male-sterile plants (see attached paper, Luo et al., Plant J 2000; 23:423-430). The implication from this finding is that site-specific recombination systems can be applied in crop plants as a useful alternative method for hybrid seed production.
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