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Journal articles on the topic 'Fertility of animals'
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1
POLGE, E. J. C. "Manipulation of fertility in domestic animals." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 95, no. 2 (February 1989): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1989.tb02306.x.
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Lee, Fa-Kung, Kuan-Hao Tsui, and Peng-Hui Wang. "Plant products impairing fertility of animals." Journal of the Chinese Medical Association 78, no. 7 (July 2015): 377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2015.04.005.
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Oogjes, Glenys. "Ethical aspects and dilemmas of fertility control of unwanted wildlife: an animal welfarist’s perspective." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 9, no. 1 (1997): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/r96061.
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Proposals to manipulate the fertility of wild, free-living animals extend the domination humans already exercise over domesticated animals. Current lethal methods for population control include poisoning, trapping, hunting, dogging, shooting, explosives, fumigants, and deliberately introduced disease. Animal welfare interests are based on individual animal suffering, but those interests are often overshadowed by labelling of groups of animals as pests, resource species, national emblem or endangered species. Public concern for animal welfare and acceptance of new population control methods will be influenced by such labels. The animal welfare implications of new population control technology must be balanced against the existing inhumane lethal methods used. It will be difficult to resolve the dilemma of a mechanism for disseminating a fertility control agent that will cause some animal suffering (e.g. a genetically-manipulated myxoma virus for European rabbits), yet may reduce future rabbit populations and therefore the number suffering from lethal methods. An Animal Impact Statement is proposed as a tool to assist debate during development of fertility control methods and for decision making prior to their use. A comprehensive and objective Animal Impact Statement may introduce an ethic that moves the pendulum from attitudes that allow sentient animals to be destroyed by any and all available means, towards a more objective selection of the most effective and humane methods.
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Shcherbak, O. V., and O. V. Semenko. "FERTILITY OF GOATS AFFECTED OF PARASITIC DISEASES." Animal Breeding and Genetics 54 (November 29, 2017): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.54.25.
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In modern conditions of management there is a need for systematical regulation of individual stages of the animal reproduction process in order to ensure the effective use of genetic resources of the breeding stock, planning of production processes and the timing of their implementation. One of the problems of the zootechnical and veterinary sciences are parasitic diseases and pathology parturition, which relates to the urgent issues of reducing the reproductive capacity of animals and inhibits the rapid development of livestock, in particular, goats breeding. In the case of a chronic course of parasitic diseases, animals do not enter hunting or note an inferior sexual cycle and, accordingly, farmers do not receive the applause and there are significant losses in milk productivity.
The purpose of our research was to consider the main indicators characterizing reproducible ability of goats and the preservation of the offsprings in the presence of parasitic diseases. For this purpose we have applied parasitological and zootechnical methods of research. We examined 98 goats from 25 individual farms in the city Borispol. It was established that only 4,1% of our investigated 98 goats were free from parasites. 12.3% of goats were affected by one type of worms (Trichostrongylus axei), 26.5% of goats were affected by two types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei and Cooperia punctata), 21.4% – by three types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata and Nematodirus spatiger, 20.4% – by four types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, Nematodirus spatiger, Ostertagia ostertagi), 10.2% – by five types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, Nematodirus spatiger, Ostertagia ostertagi Oesophagostomym radiatum) and 6.1% – by six types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, Nematodirus spatiger, Ostertagia ostertagi Oesophagostomium radiatum, Bunostomum phlebotomum). All revealed worms belonged to the Strongylata order and were pathogens gastrointestinal Strongylata infections in goats. In 25.5% of the examined animals, a significant defeat of Trichodectidae ectoparasites was observed. The analysis of the results showed the need for parasitological studies of animals kept in individual farms. The death of the goats predominantly accounts for the first 20 days of their post-embryonal life, which we observed in 77.8% of cases of death of the goats born from goats that revealed the presence of parasitic diseases. 6.4% of the goats from the coughing-affected parasites were unsatisfactory with a low clinical development status. In goats free from parasites, all born goats have a satisfactory clinical condition with high development potential.
In the article we present the prospect of conducting further parasitological studies to ensure healthy clinical condition of animals, obtaining viable young animals and full realization of the productive potential of the animal.
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HOLLAND, MICHAEL K. "Fertility Control in Wild Populations of Animals." Journal of Andrology 20, no. 5 (September 10, 1999): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.1999.tb02557.x.
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Ribas-Maynou, Jordi, Isabel Barranco, and Albert Salas-Huetos. "Sperm Quality and Fertility of Livestock Animals." Animals 13, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13040604.
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Stöhr, K., and F. X. Meslin. "Zoonoses and fertility control in wildlife—requirements for vaccines." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 9, no. 1 (1997): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/r96055.
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This paper reflects on public health considerations on the voluntary release of anti-fertility vaccines for wildlife in the environment. The World Health Organization (WHO) has established a variety of recommendations on safety and efficacy requirements for the voluntary release of rabies vaccines used for oral immunization of animals. These requirements cover aspects of control of rabies and possible biological consequences in the target population. They also deal with the protection of the health of humans and other non-target species that might come into contact with the different oral rabies vaccines used in various parts of the world. These recommendations are laid down in several WHO publications. They are specific to the disease concerned, the target animal reservoir, the relationship and types of contact between humans and target animals, the vaccines and baits used and the respective conditions of oral immunization of wildlife in densely-populated areas. Many of these recommendations also apply to the development and application of contraceptive vaccines for wildlife carnivores. Additional safety requirements concern the transmissibility of the antigen, the reversibility of the intervention within an individual animal and in animal populations, as well as the species specificity of the antigen used. The management of animal populations that are reservoirs for zoonotic diseases is a possible means by which diseases that are transmissible from animals to humans could be prevented. Oral contraception by means of vaccines is an appealing method, provided that requirements for protecting public and animal health, as well as ensuring environmental safety, are precisely defined and strictly adhered to.
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Brzáková, Michaela, Ludmila Zavadilová, Josef Přibyl, Petr Pešek, Eva Kašná, and Anita Kranjčevičová. "Estimation of genetic parameters for female fertility traits in the Czech Holstein population." Czech Journal of Animal Science 64, No. 5 (May 26, 2019): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/51/2018-cjas.
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Genetic parameters for fertility traits in Czech Holstein population were estimated. The database obtained from the Czech-Moravian Breeders Corporation with 6 414 486 insemination records between years 2005–2015 was used. Date of calving of the selected animals was taken from the database of milk records from 2005–2015. Fertility traits were age at first service (AFS), age at first calving (AFC), days open (DO), calving interval (CI) and first service to conception interval in cows (FSC-C) and heifers (FSC-H). The heritability of each trait was estimated using single-trait animal models. The model included fixed effects of herd-year-season of birth, herd-year-month of calving, lactation order, parity, last calving ease, linear and quadratic regressions on age at first insemination in heifers or on age at first calving in cows. Random effects were animal, permanent environmental effect and random residual error. After edits, the final data set included up to 599 901 observations from up to 448 037 animals dependent on traits. The range of heritability estimates was from 0.010 to 0.058. The lowest heritability was for first service to conception interval in heifers, and the highest heritability was for age at first service. Variances of random permanent effects were higher than variance of additive genetic effect in all traits manifested in mature cows. Repeatability ranged from 0.060 to 0.090. Genetic correlations between traits were estimated using a bivariate animal model. High positive genetic correlations were found between AFS–AFC, DO–CI, FSC-C–DO and FSC-C–CI. A moderate genetic correlation was found between AFS–FSC-H and between AFC. A negative correlation was found between AFS–FSC-C. Correlations between other traits were close to zero. The results suggest that the level of these reproductive traits can be improved by selection of animals with high genetic merit.
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Umer, Saqib, Shan Jiang Zhao, Abdul Sammad, Bahlibi Weldegebriall Sahlu, YunWei Pang, and Huabin Zhu. "AMH: Could It Be Used as A Biomarker for Fertility and Superovulation in Domestic Animals?" Genes 10, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10121009.
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Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a reliable and easily detectable reproductive marker for the fertility competence of many farm animal species. AMH is also a good predictor of superovulation in cattle, sheep, and mares. In this review, we have summarized the recent findings related to AMH and its predictive reliability related to fertility and superovulation in domestic animals, especially in cattle. We focused on: (1) the dynamics of AMH level from infancy to prepubescence as well as during puberty and adulthood; (2) AMH as a predictor of fertility; (3) the association between antral follicle count (AFC) and plasma AMH level; (4) AMH as a predictor of superovulation; and (5) factors affecting AMH levels in domestic animals, especially cattle. Many factors affect the circulatory levels of AMH when considering the plasma, like nutrition, activity of granulosa cells, disease state and endocrine disruptions during fetal life. Briefly, we concluded that AMH concentrations are static within individuals, and collection of a single dose of blood has become more popular in the field of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). It may act as a potential predictor of fertility, superovulation, and ovarian disorders in domestic animals. However, due to the limited research in domestic animals, this potential of AMH remains underutilized.
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Cole, D. J. A., and W. H. Close. "Nutritional manipulation of fertility and fecundity." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1986 (March 1986): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600015683.
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An examination of the influence of nutrition on the series of chronological events in the breeding lifetime has suggested that satisfactory breeding animals can be produced on a range of regimens in early life. For example, nutrition during the rearing phase has to be fairly severe (50% of ad libitum or less) to significantly delay puberty.Nutrition needs to serve the immediate reproductive needs of the animal and to ensure that the animal is in satisfactory body condition to reproduce throughout its breeding lifetime. Consequently, at certain stages there will be competition for energy and nutrients between the products of conception or lactation on the one hand and the maternal body tissues on the other.
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GÜNGÖR, Şükrü, Haydar ÖZKARA, Muhammed İNANÇ, Mine HERDOĞAN, Feyzanur MART, Hasan Ali ÇAY, Ramazan YILDIZ, Hidir GÜMÜŞ, Ahmet Cumhur AKIN, and Ayhan ATA. "Koyunlarda kan BHBA seviyesinin fertilite üzerine etkisi." Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques 7, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.1117222.
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The aim of this study was the effect of pre-synchronization blood BHBA level on pregnancy rates of sheep in the non-breeding season. For this purpose, 100 Merino/Merino crossbred ewe, aged 2-4 years, who have given one birth before, were used in the study. For synchronization purposes, progesterone containing sponges 60 mg Medroxyprogesteron acetate (MPA) analogue, were administered intravaginally for 14 days. BHBA (betahydroxybutyric acid) measurement was made by drawing blood in each animal on the day of administration. 500-700 IU PMSG was injected at the time of sponge withdrawal. Oestrus was observed 24 hours after sponge withdrawal with the help of teaser ram. Animals which was in estrus were hand mated. Pregnancy status was recorded with the help of ultrasound using the transrectal probe in the interval 35-45 days after mating. All of the synchronized animals were determined to be in estrus and their mating were performed. As a result of the pregnancy examination, 57 (57%) of the animals became pregnant and 43 (43%) did not become pregnant. Blood BHBA values were measured in the range of 0.12 mmol/L -0.66 mmol/L (n:100) in present study and the average of BHBA as 0.35±0.083 mmol/L was determined. While blood BHBA level of pregnant animals was found as 0.29±0.005 mmol/L, blood BHBA level of non-pregnant sheep was found to be 0.41±0.073 mmol/L, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). In addition, it was determined that there was a strong negative correlation between blood BHBA level and pregnancy rates in sheep (r = −0.719, p<0.001). As a result, it was concluded that there was no study in the literature about the relationship between the fertility parameters of sheep and the blood BHBA level in the mentioned period, and it was concluded that the presented study made a significant contribution to the literature. It has been concluded that a higher fertility success can be achieved from animals with low BHBA levels, that fertility rates can be increased by regulating the energy balance of animals with high BHBA levels, and that the study can be a criterion to be considered in achieving the target of 3 lambing in 2 years in terms of herd management in sheep breeding.
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Hunt, W. L., and C. S. Sloan. "Transitions in fertility research." Theriogenology 38, no. 2 (August 1992): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(92)90240-r.
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Lamming, G. E., and M. D. Royal. "Ovarian hormone patterns and subfertility in dairy cows." BSAP Occasional Publication 26, no. 1 (2001): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00033620.
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AbstractDecreasing levels of fertility of dairy cows are occurring, associated with increased average annual milk yields, increased herd size and a decreased labour investment per animal. To-date, there has been no positive genetic selection in the UK for improved female fertility due to the lack of reliable recording of fertility traits. Selection is further limited by the low heritabilities of traditional fertility measures, which are subject to environmental influences and management decisions and biological restraints such as age and sex. Assessment of the hormone patterns of fertile cows and determination of the atypical patterns exhibited by subfertile animals provides an objective method of identifying the causes and assessing the impact of subfertility and for the development of remedial treatment strategies. This knowledge can then be used to identify potential physiological parameters associated with high fertility which, in future, may be used for sire breeding value estimations to select for more fertile offspring. Regular assessment of the progesterone concentrations in milk provides a non invasive method of determining progesterone patterns. The results of two studies of milk progesterone levels in cows taken between 1975/82 and 1995/98 involving over 3200 lactations have been analysed and compared. They indicate a major increase over this period in the proportion of animals showing atypical milk progesterone patterns before mating from 32 to 44% (P<0.001) associated with less animals inseminated, delays to conception and lower conception rates. There was a significant decrease (P<0.01) over this period in animals calving to first postpartum insemination from 57% to less than 40% a decrease of approximately l%per annum. This may indicate an increase in the level of early embryo mortality. An early post ovulatory progesterone rise to adequate luteal phase levels has been shown essential for normal embryo development with low post ovulatory levels occurring in some cows resulting in lower calving rates. Milk progesterone analysis provides a robust and reliable method of measuring progesterone patterns for identifying subfertile animals, for targeting remedial treatments to improve fertility and for investigations into heritable fertility parameters for future selection programmes.
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Bisla, Amarjeet, Vinay Yadav, Ravi Dutt, Gyan Singh, and Subhash Chand Gahalot. "Fertility Augmentation Approaches in Dairy Animals - A Review." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 2 (February 10, 2018): 2995–3007. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.702.365.
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Raudsepp, Terje, and Bhanu P. Chowdhary. "Chromosome Aberrations and Fertility Disorders in Domestic Animals." Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 4, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 15–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-021815-111239.
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Şirin, Ebru, Emre Şirin, and Serdar Genç. "Kıl Keçilerinde Üreme Mevsiminde Kızgınlık Senkronizasyonu Uygulamasının Döl Verimi ve Doğum Ağırlığı Üzerine Etkisi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 12 (December 26, 2020): 2619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i12.2619-2622.3828.
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In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of oestru synchronization on the fertility of hair goats during the breeding season. Animal material of this experiment consisted of 200 heads of hair goats between 3 and 5 years of age. The animals were divided into two groups, (Control group, KG, n = 100; Oestrus synchronization group, KS, n = 100). The animals in the KS group received intravaginal sponges containing 30 mg flugestone acetate which removed after 12 days and 500 IU of PMSG/per animal administered IM. The animals in both groups were mated using bucks for 4 days. The single birth rate was 72% in the KG and 35% in the KS group. Fecundity and litter size were 1.20 and 1.59 in the control group and 1.25 and 1.64 in the KS group, respectively. As a result, the application of oestrus synchronization in hair goats during the breeding season improved the fertility.
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Morrell, Jane M. "Heat stress and bull fertility." Theriogenology 153 (September 2020): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.014.
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Drost, M. "Fertility management in dairy cattle." Theriogenology 25, no. 6 (June 1986): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(86)90089-0.
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A. A. M, Habeeb,, and A. A. EL-Tarabany. "Impact of Environmental Pollution on Healthy and Productivity of Farm Animals." American International Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research 1, no. 3 (October 5, 2018): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aijmsr.v1i3.189.
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Pollution may be defined as addition of undesirable material into the environment as a result of human activities. Pollution may be of the following types: air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, thermal pollution, radiation pollution and noise pollution. The impact of different pollution as a general on healthy of farm animals are cancer, neurobehavioral disorders, cardiovascular problems, reduced energy levels, premature death, asthma, asthma exacerbations, headaches and dizziness, irritation of eyes, nose, mouth and throat, reduced lung functioning, respiratory symptoms, respiratory disease, disruption of endocrine and reproductive and immune systems. Exposure to environmental pollutants affected reproductive functions and in particular, produced adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes, fertility, and fetal health. Exposures to ambient levels of pollutants are associated with low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, neonatal death, and decreased fertility and decrease of sperm quality in males and indicated also that female fertility was also disturbed. The most common disorder of male fertility is the insufficient production of normal sperm, with good mobility in the somniferous tubules. Polluted drinking water by chemicals produced waterborne diseases like, typhoid, liver and kidney damage. In this paper the effects of various environmental factors on healthy, function of animal, fertility and reproductive efficiency are reported.
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SARATSIS (Φ. ΣΑΡΑΤΣΗΣ), Ph, B. SCHMIDT-ADAMOPOULOU (Β. SCHMIDT-ΑΔΑΜΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ), P. YPSILANTIS (Π. ΥΨΗΛΑΝΤΗΣ), Ch BROZOS (Χ. ΜΠΡΟΖΟΣ), and A. DEMERTZIS (Α. ΔΕΜΕΡΤΖΗΣ). "Effect of Buserelin on corpus luteum activity and the fertility of dairy cows." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 49, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15740.
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112 selected Friesian dairy cows that had calved at least once, were used. The animals were divided into two groups, A (n = 55) and Β (n=57). On the 12th day post insemination (p.i.) 12 μg buserelin (3ml Receptal - Hoechst) and 3 ml normal saline (placebo) were injected intramuscularly to the animals of groups A and Β (controls), respectively. Milk progesterone concentration was measured in even animal from the day of insemination until the 24th day p.i.. A significant increase (P<0.05) in pregnancy rate (19.7%) was observed in the animals of group A. Also, the concentration of progesterone in the pregnant animals (14th - 24th day p.i.) as well as in the non pregnant (14th - 16th day p.i.) ones in group A was significantly increased (P<0.05) compared to that of the controls'. The duration of the estrous cycle of the non pregnant animals did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between the two groups. It is concluded that buserelin administration on the 12th day p.i. improved the fertility of dairy cows significantly by means of an antiluteolytic effect, through an increase in progesterone concentration, during the crucial period of maternal recognition of pregnancy.
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José da Cruz, Robison, Leticia Kaory Tamashiro, Mariana Matera Veras, Juliana Moreira Silva, Luciani R S Carvalho, Nicholas Silvestre de Souza Trigueiro, Victor Yuji Yariwake, and Bruna Azevedo. "OR17-4 Hormone Replacement Promotes Sexual Maturation and Fertility Restoration in Mice With Congenital Hypopituitarism Harboring Prop1 Mutation." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A523—A524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.1090.
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Abstract Introduction The Ames strain, a spontaneous mutant mouse of the Prop1 gene, is deficient in GH, TSH, PRL and gonadotropins. In recent years, it has been the focus of studies on aging and there is a growing interest in elucidating the role of hormone replacement (HR) in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Aim The present study aimed to characterize sexual maturation and fertility restoration in isogenic strain under or not HR. Material and methods Five homozygous male animals were treated via intraperitoneal injections, starting 30 days postnatally, with levothyroxine 3x/week and recombinant human GH 5x/week for 40 days, followed by maintenance applications of both hormones once a week until they complete 90 days post natal. The sexual maturity was evaluated looking for balanoprepucial opening and descendent testis comparing untreated homozygous (n=5) with their wild type siblings (n=5). Fertility was evaluated by mating known fertile wild type animals with treated and untreated animals for 8 times. Reproductive parameters were evaluated between groups using histological sections of the testes (HE) and classified according to johnsen score where 1-2 was classified as absent germline cells and 8-10 normal development. At the sacrifice, testicular weight was measured using scale and spermogram was done looking for motility and viability in the sperm collected in the seminiferous tube. Gata2 transcription factor and pituitary hormones Lh, Fsh, Tsh, Prl and Gh transcriptional analysis were performed by RT-qPCR. Results The homozygous treated animals presented a 2 weeks delay in the age of sexual maturation compared to wild animals. Their fertility and reproductive parameters were restored noticed by increased testicular weight, improved spermatogenesis, similar morphology of seminiferous tubules (johnsen score 8.7) and spermogram compared to the wild type, besides presenting offspring when mated to their wild siblings. Sexual maturity was absent in most of the untreated homozygous animals presenting no offspring. The reproductive parameters in the untreated homozygous animals presented reduced testicular weight, size of seminiferous tubes leading to johnsen score as 5 and an azospermic spermogram in all animals. Interestingly 2 untreated homozugous animal had spontaneous maturation. Gata2 was significant decreased in the untreated animal (0,49 ± 0,19) compared to wild type (1 ± 0,15) (p≤ 0.019). LH transcriptional pattern was significant increase in the animals under treatment (1.56 ± 0.68) compared to homozygotes without hormonal intervention (0.36 ± 0.34) (p≤ 0.048). Conclusion Ames mutant mice under treatment with GH and levothyroxine replacement reached sexual maturation and restored fertility and the mechanics behind this phenomenon will be explored using RNA seq in the future. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 11:45 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.
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Olechnowicz, Jan, and Jędrzej M. Jaśkowski. "A Connection Between Mastitis During Early Lactation and Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows – A Review / Związek mastitis we wczesnej laktacji z użytkowością reprodukcyjną krów mlecznych – artykuł przeglądowy." Annals of Animal Science 13, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 435–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2013-0030.
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Abstract The objective of this study was to present a relationship between mastitis in the post-calving period and fertility traits of dairy cows. The threshold of 200,000 cells/ml for somatic cell count is used as a reference for healthy quarters of the cow’s udder. The genetic correlation between mastitis and somatic cell count is strong (from 0.7 to 0.8). Although heritability for fertility traits is low (from 0.01 to 0.02), the genetic standard deviation for mastitis varies from 1.2 to 7.0 percentage units, suggesting that genetic gain can be achieved by selecting for mastitis. Results of this study suggest that mastitis in the postpartum period can have a markedly negative impact on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. The synergistic effect of common conditions (somatic cell count, body condition score and lameness score) or other factors (e.g. heat stress, fertility management, the presence of repeat breeders) also lowers fertility of cows. Production of milk with fewer than 100,000 cells/ml leads to improved health and fertility in the cows.
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Sharko, Fedor S., Abdulrahman Khatib, and Egor B. Prokhortchouk. "Genomic Estimated Breeding Valueof Milk Performance and Fertility Traits in the Russian Black-and-White Cattle Population." Acta Naturae 14, no. 1 (May 10, 2022): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/actanaturae.11648.
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A breakthrough in cattle breeding was achieved with the incorporation of animal genomic data into breeding programs. The introduction of genomic selection has a major impact on traditional genetic assessment systems and animal genetic improvement programs. Since 2010, genomic selection has been officially introduced in the evaluation of the breeding and genetic potential of cattle in Europe, the U.S., Canada, and many other developed countries. The purpose of this study is to develop a system for a genomic evaluation of the breeding value of the domestic livestock of Black-and-White and Russian Holstein cattle based on 3 milk performance traits: daily milk yield (kg), daily milk fat (%), and daily milk protein content (%) and 6 fertility traits: age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), calving to first insemination interval (CFI), interval between first and last insemination (IFL), days open (DO), and number of services (NS). We built a unified database of breeding animals from 523 breeding farms in the Russian Federation. The database included pedigree information on 2,551,529 cows and 69,131 bulls of the Russian Holstein and Black-and-White cattle breeds, as well as information on the milk performance of 1,597,426 cows with 4,771,366 completed lactations. The date of birth of the animals included in the database was between 1975 and 2017. Genotyping was performed in 672 animals using a BovineSNP50 v3 DNA Analysis BeadChip microarray (Illumina, USA). The genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) was evaluated only for 644 animals (427 bulls and 217 cows) using the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction animal model (ssGBLUP-AM). The mean genetic potential was +0.88 and +1.03 kg for the daily milk yield, -0.002% for the milk fat content, and 0.003 and 0.001% for the milk protein content in the cows and bulls, respectively. There was negative genetic progress in the fertility traits in the studied population between 1975 and 2017. The reliability of the estimated breeding value (EBV) for genotyped bulls ranged from 89 to 93% for the milk performance traits and 85 to 90% for the fertility traits, whereas the reliability of the genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) varied 54 to 64% for the milk traits and 23 to 60% for the fertility traits. This result shows that it is possible to use the genomic estimated breeding value with rather high reliability to evaluate the domestic livestock of Russian Holstein and Black-and-White cattle breeds for fertility and milk performance traits. This system of genomic evaluation may help bring domestic breeding in line with modern competitive practices and estimate the breeding value of cattle at birth based on information on the animals genome.
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Valentim, Jean Kaique, Janaína Palermo Mendes, Bruna Barreto Przybulinski, Felipe Cardoso Serpa, Deivid Kelly Barbosa, Vivian Aparecida Rios Castilho, and Rita Therezinha Rolim Pietramale. "Fatores Nutricionais Aplicados à Reprodução de Ruminantes." UNICIÊNCIAS 23, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-5141.2019v23n2p77-82.
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Os animais de produção estão sendo modificados através de um intenso melhoramento genético, buscando intensificar seu desempenho para atender a demanda mundial em quesitos de alimentação. Essa maximização de desempenho demanda um acréscimo nutricional, e este por sua vez pode afetar as funções reprodutivas. Vários estudos mostram que a reprodução pode ser comprometida se as necessidades nutricionais dos animais não forem atendidas. Esta demanda nutricional afeta diretamente a função dos órgãos reprodutivos e o funcionamento do sistema endócrino, podendo interferir na taxa de fertilidade destes animais. A nutrição tem influência na fertilidade, diretamente por meio do fornecimento de nutrientes específicos, que são necessários para os processos de desenvolvimento do folículo, de ovulação, de maturação oocitária, de fertilização, de sobrevivência embrionária e o estabelecimento da gestação e, indiretamente, atuando sobre as concentrações circulantes dos hormônios e outros metabólitos sensíveis aos nutrientes que são requeridos para o sucesso destes processos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é obter uma revisão de literatura atualizada sobre o contexto recente da influência de fatores nutricionais sobre os aspectos reprodutivos de animais ruminantes. Palavras-chave: Nutrição. Metabolismo. Fertilidade. Ruminantes. AbstractThe farm animals are being modified through an intensive genetic improvement seeking to increase their performance to meet the global demand on power issues. This performance maximization demands an extra nutritional and this in turn can affect the reproductive functions. Several studies show that the reproduction can be compromised if the animal’s nutritional needs are met. This nutritional demand directly affects the function of the reproductive organs and the functioning of the endocrine system and may interfere with fertility rate of these animals. Nutrition affects fertility, directly through the provision of specific nutrients that are required for the processes of development of follicle maturation, ovulation, oocyte , fertilization, embryo survival and the establishment of pregnancy; and, indirectly, acting on circulating concentrations of hormones and other metabolites sensitive to nutrients that are required for the success of these processes. The goal of this work was to obtain an updated literature review with recent studies related to nutritional aspects involved in the ruminant animals reproduction. Keywords: Nutrition. Metabolism. Fertility. Ruminants.
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Pinaffi, Fábio L. V., Ériko S. Santos, Maurício G. da Silva, Milton Maturana Filho, Ed H. Madureira, and Luciano A. Silva. "Follicle and corpus luteum size and vascularity as predictors of fertility at the time of artificial insemination and embryo transfer in beef cattle." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 35, no. 5 (May 2015): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2015000500015.
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Abstract:Two ultrasound based fertility prediction methods were tested prior to embryo transfer (ET) and artificial insemination (AI) in cattle. Female bovines were submitted to estrous synchronization prior to ET and AI. Animals were scanned immediately before ET and AI procedure to target follicle and corpus luteum (CL) size and vascularity. In addition, inseminated animals were also scanned eleven days after insemination to target CL size and vascularity. All data was compared with fertility by using gestational diagnosis 35 days after ovulation. Prior to ET, CL vascularity showed a positive correlation with fertility, and no pregnancy occurred in animals with less than 40% of CL vascularity. Prior to AI and also eleven days after AI, no relationship with fertility was seen in all parameters analyzed (follicle and CL size and vascularity), and contrary, cows with CL vascularity greater than 70% exhibit lower fertility. In inseminated animals, follicle size and vascularity was positive related with CL size and vascularity, as shown by the presence of greater CL size and vascularity originated from follicle with also greater size and vascularity. This is the first time that ultrasound based fertility prediction methods were tested prior to ET and AI and showed an application in ET, but not in AI programs. Further studies are needed including hormone profile evaluation to improve conclusion.
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Langhammer, Martina, Marten Michaelis, Andreas Hoeflich, Alexander Sobczak, Jennifer Schoen, and Joachim M. Weitzel. "High-fertility phenotypes: two outbred mouse models exhibit substantially different molecular and physiological strategies warranting improved fertility." REPRODUCTION 147, no. 4 (April 2014): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-13-0425.
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Animal models are valuable tools in fertility research. Worldwide, there are more than 400 transgenic or knockout mouse models available showing a reproductive phenotype; almost all of them exhibit an infertile or at least subfertile phenotype. By contrast, animal models revealing an improved fertility phenotype are barely described. This article summarizes data on two outbred mouse models exhibiting a ‘high-fertility’ phenotype. These mouse lines were generated via selection over a time period of more than 40 years and 161 generations. During this selection period, the number of offspring per litter and the total birth weight of the entire litter nearly doubled. Concomitantly with the increased fertility phenotype, several endocrine parameters (e.g. serum testosterone concentrations in male animals), physiological parameters (e.g. body weight, accelerated puberty, and life expectancy), and behavioral parameters (e.g. behavior in an open field and endurance fitness on a treadmill) were altered. We demonstrate that the two independently bred high-fertility mouse lines warranted their improved fertility phenotype using different molecular and physiological strategies. The fertility lines display female- as well as male-specific characteristics. These genetically heterogeneous mouse models provide new insights into molecular and cellular mechanisms that enhance fertility. In view of decreasing fertility in men, these models will therefore be a precious information source for human reproductive medicine.Translated abstractA German translation of abstract is freely available athttp://www.reproduction-online.org/content/147/4/427/suppl/DC1.
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Yahaya, Muhammad Sanusi, Mohd Shahrom Salisi, Nur Mahiza Md Isa, Goh Yong Meng, and Abdwahid Haron. "Prevalence of chromosome anomalies in a deer farm with fertility decline in Malaysia." Future Science OA 6, no. 6 (July 1, 2020): FSO580. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/fsoa-2020-0037.
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Background: A number of factors are known to reduce fertility rate in animals and one of the important categories of such factors is chromosome anomalies. They can occur with or without causing phenotypic abnormalities on animals; in some cases, they may directly affect meiosis, gametogenesis and the viability of conceptus. In many instances, balanced structural rearrangements can be transmitted to offspring, affecting fertility in subsequent generations. Aim: This work investigated the occurrence of chromosome aberrations in Rusa timorensis, Rusa unicolor and Axis axis raised in a nucleus deer farm in Malaysia with a history of declining fertility of unknown origin. Materials & methods: Blood samples were collected from 60 animals through venipuncture, cultured for 72 h and arrested at metaphase. SmartType® and Ideokar® software were used to karyotype the chromosomes. Results: We found 15 out of the 60 animals screened from both sexes harbor some form of chromosome aberration. Chromosomal aberrations exist at the rate of 25% and may not be unconnected with the observed reduced fertility on the farm. Further investigations should be carried out, especially on the offspring of the studied animals to transmission of these aberrations. The animals that are confirmed to transmit the chromosomal aberrations should be culled to arrest the propagation of their abnormalities.
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Pinotti, Luciano, Michele Manoni, Luca Ferrari, Marco Tretola, Roberta Cazzola, and Ian Givens. "The Contribution of Dietary Magnesium in Farm Animals and Human Nutrition." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020509.
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Magnesium (Mg) is a mineral that plays an essential role as cofactor of more than 300 enzymes. Mg in farm animals’ and human nutrition is recommended to avoid Mg deficiency, ensure adequate growth and health maintenance. Mg supplementation above the estimated minimum requirements is the best practice to improve farm animals’ performances (fertility and yield) and food products’ quality, since the performance of farm animals has grown in recent decades. Mg supplementation in pigs increases meat quality and sows’ fertility; in poultry, it helps to avoid deficiency-related health conditions and to improve meat quality and egg production by laying hens; in dairy cows, it serves to avoid grass tetany and milk fever, two conditions related to hypomagnesaemia, and to support their growth. Thus, Mg supplementation increases food products’ quality and prevents Mg deficiency in farm animals, ensuring an adequate Mg content in animal-source food. These latter are excellent Mg sources in human diets. Sub-optimal Mg intake by humans has several implications in bone development, muscle function, and health maintenance. This review summarizes the main knowledge about Mg in farm animals and in human nutrition.
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Cowan, PE. "Possum biocontrol: prospects for fertility regulation." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 8, no. 4 (1996): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9960655.
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Research has begun recently into biocontrol of brushtail possums as the only long-term, cost-effective solution to the possum problem in New Zealand, where possums cause significant damage to native forests, threaten populations of native plants and animals, and infect cattle and deer with bovine tuberculosis. Fertility regulation as a means of biocontrol has the support of major animal welfare and conservation groups in New Zealand. Systems are being investigated, mostly in reproduction and development, with the ultimate aim of developing immunologically-based fertility regulation (immunocontraception), but much basic information essential to such an approach for possums is lacking. The key components for the success of this approach--suitable vectors expressing possum-specific reproductive antigens sufficiently to block reproduction--are reviewed. The social and political issues of local, national and international risk and acceptability arising from such an approach are also discussed.
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Drummer, Charis, Julia Münzker, Michael Heistermann, Tamara Becker, Sophie Mißbach, and Rüdiger Behr. "Performance of Marmoset Monkeys as Embryo Donors Is Reflected by Different Stress-Related Parameters." Animals 12, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 2414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12182414.
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Non-human primates (NHPs) serve as embryo donors for embryo collection in order to mimic genetic diseases in humans by genetic modification. Reproductive health of the embryo donors is crucial, and chronic distress needs to be avoided. Embryo retrieval rates (ERR), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations, cortisol levels, and body weight fluctuations were assessed as markers for fertility and distress. With regard to successful embryo retrievals (total n = 667), the animals were either used for extended periods (long-term group; LTG) or only for short periods (short-term group; STG). Retrospective evaluation expectedly showed that animals in the LTG had a higher ERR than animals in the STG (p < 0.0001). Importantly, ERR in the LTG remained stable throughout the experimental period, and high embryo rates were already encountered during the first year of experimental use (p = 0.0002). High ERR were associated with high AMH and low cortisol levels, and minimal body weight fluctuations following anesthesia, indicating a superior ability of the LTG animals to handle distress. We conclude that the long-term experimental use of marmosets does not impair their fertility or health status per se, supporting the view that animal reuse can be in accordance with the 3R-principle, implying reduction, replacement, and refinement in animal experimentation.
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Ojo, Olajumoke Omolara. "Effect of Lanthanum Strontium Manganese Oxide (LaSMnO3) Nanoparticle on mouse Testosterone and Fertility." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 2 (March 20, 2021): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i2.4614.
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Intraperitoneal administration of Lanthanum strontium manganese oxide (LaSMnO3) a new class of magnetic nanoparticle on mouse testosterone and fertility was investigated. For this, experimental mice divided into 4 groups (n=5); group I, II, III and IV were treated with vehicle (control), 5, 10 and 20 µg/kg/day of LaSMnO3 for 21 days respectively. Five animals from each group were sacrificed at interval of 0, 7, 14 and 21 days, however, after twenty-one days of the treatment, animals in all groups were allowed to cohabited with untreated female mice for fertility study. Toxic effects of LaSMnO3 on the testosterone and sperm parameters were analyzed. Effect on ROS and anti-oxidative biomarkers were also measured. Significant decrease (p<0.05) of epididymal spermatozoa motility and numbers was measured revealing the cytotoxicity effects of this nanomaterial. Light microscopic study revealed changes in the cauda epididymal sperm morphology. Failure of the fertility in LaSMnO3-treated mice as evidenced by the significant reduction in the average number of implantation in females mated with the treated males. Depletion of testicular testosterone hormone level by high dose of LaSMnO3 (20µg/kg/day) shows a reduced testicular androgen synthesis. This study therefore, shows the potential adverse effect of LaSMnO3 on male fertility.
Keywords: Lanthanum strontium manganese oxide nanoparticle, animal models, toxicity, fertility
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Graham, J. K., and E. Mocé. "Fertility evaluation of frozen/thawed semen." Theriogenology 64, no. 3 (August 2005): 492–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.006.
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Looney, C. R., J. S. Nelson, H. J. Schneider, and D. W. Forrest. "Improving fertility in beef cow recipients." Theriogenology 65, no. 1 (January 2006): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.09.023.
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Hansen, J. C., and Y. Deguchi. "Selenium and Fertility in Animals and Man–A Review." Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 37, no. 1 (March 1996): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bf03548116.
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Villagómez, D. A. F., and A. Pinton. "Chromosomal abnormalities, meiotic behavior and fertility in domestic animals." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 120, no. 1-2 (2008): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000118742.
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Mirando, M. A. "GENOMICS SYMPOSIUM: Translational genomics to improve fertility of animals." Journal of Animal Science 95, no. 9 (2017): 4194. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas2017.1902.
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Moraes, Joao G. N., Susanta K. Behura, Thomas W. Geary, Peter J. Hansen, Holly L. Neibergs, and Thomas E. Spencer. "Uterine influences on conceptus development in fertility-classified animals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 8 (February 5, 2018): E1749—E1758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721191115.
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A major unresolved issue is how the uterus influences infertility and subfertility in cattle. Serial embryo transfer was previously used to classify heifers as high-fertile (HF), subfertile (SF), or infertile (IF). To assess pregnancy loss, two in vivo-produced embryos were transferred into HF, SF, and IF heifers on day 7, and pregnancy outcome was assessed on day 17. Pregnancy rate was substantially higher in HF (71%) and SF (90%) than IF (20%) heifers. Elongating conceptuses were about twofold longer in HF than SF heifers. Transcriptional profiling detected relatively few differences in the endometrium of nonpregnant HF, SF, and IF heifers. In contrast, there was a substantial difference in the transcriptome response of the endometrium to pregnancy between HF and SF heifers. Considerable deficiencies in pregnancy-dependent biological pathways associated with extracellular matrix structure and organization as well as cell adhesion were found in the endometrium of SF animals. Distinct gene expression differences were also observed in conceptuses from HF and SF animals, with many of the genes decreased in SF conceptuses known to be embryonic lethal in mice due to defects in embryo and/or placental development. Analyses of biological pathways, key players, and ligand–receptor interactions based on transcriptome data divulged substantial evidence for dysregulation of conceptus–endometrial interactions in SF animals. These results support the ideas that the uterus impacts conceptus survival and programs conceptus development, and ripple effects of dysregulated conceptus–endometrial interactions elicit loss of the postelongation conceptus in SF cattle during the implantation period of pregnancy.
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Pintus, Eliana, and José Luis Ros-Santaella. "Impact of Oxidative Stress on Male Reproduction in Domestic and Wild Animals." Antioxidants 10, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071154.
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Oxidative stress occurs when the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overcome the antioxidant defenses of the organism, jeopardizing several biological functions, including reproduction. In the male reproductive system, oxidative stress not only impairs sperm fertility but also compromises offspring health and survival, inducing oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Although a clear link between oxidative stress and male fertility disorders has been demonstrated in humans and laboratory rodents, little information is available about the implications of impaired redox homeostasis in the male fertility of domestic and wild animals. Therefore, this review aims to provide an update regarding the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are associated with oxidative stress in the male reproductive system and their impact on the reproductive performance of domestic and wild animals. The most recent strategies for palliating the detrimental effects of oxidative stress on male fertility are reviewed together with their potential economic and ecological implications in the livestock industry and biodiversity conservation.
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Burezq, Hana’a. "BIOCHAR IN CATTLE FARMING: AN INNOVATIVE SOLUTION FOR SOIL FERTILITY AND CATTLE PRODUCTIVITY." Journal Of Advanced Zoology 42, no. 01 (November 30, 2021): 61–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v42i01.6.
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Biochar as a soil amendment is increasingly popular in agricultural sector in the past few years. The production and application of biochar is increasing in a constant rate to meet farm requirements. Biochar is similar to charcoal and activated charcoal, which are pyrogenic carbonaceous matter derived from organic carbon rich matter through pyrolysis. The primary products generated by pyrolysis are biochar, syngas and bio-oils depending on biomass and pyrolysis conditions. The quality of biochar is according to primary biomass source, pyrolysis temperature and time which ultimately effects on variations in physicochemical properties such as porosity, carboncontent, elemental composition, surface area, retention capacity and overall applications. While biochar has been receiving attention as a restorative soil amendment, innovative dimensions for this ultra-porous material are cropping up all over the industrial landscape. In recent times, biochar has been gaining attention in agricultural productivity not as a soil fertility agent, but as an animal feed and animal husbandry applications. Biochar a carbonized biomass similar to charcoal is utilized for treating animals for centuries. An enhanced utility of biochar as cattle feed globally, to improve animal health, increased nutrient intake efficiency and thus productivity. Since biochar is enriched with nitrogen rich organic compounds during the digestion process, the excreted biochar manure acts as a valuable organic fertilizer causing lower nutrient losses and green house gas emissions during storage and soil application. The use of biochar as feed additive has the ability for general body fitness of animals, increased feed efficiency, minimize nutrient losses and greenhouse gas emission, increase the soil organic matter content and thus soil fertility as applied to soil. It can maintain blood cell contents, increase egg, milk and meat productivity and able to resist pathogens in gastrointestinal tract and reduce methane emission from animals. Moreover, the high sorption capacity of biochar removes the pollutants and toxins from the gastrointestinal tract of animals. However, current awareness on effectiveness of biochar in animal production is less, which should be explored more. The challenges such as safety, dosages, contaminations, cost and awareness among farmers need to be addressed. The review highlights the potential benefits of biochar as animal feed in all possible dimensions
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Il, E. N., and M. V. Zabolotnyh. "INTENSITY OF METABOLISM PROCESSES IN HIGH-FERTILITY COWS." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 2 (July 23, 2019): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2019-51-2-75-81.
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The authors see highly productive, sustainable herd with a stable level of metabolism as one of the important tasks of animal husbandry. The development of intensive dairy farming facilitates extremely dangerous conditions for cows’ organism as the more the cow gives milk, the greater the risk is that it will have health problems. High dairy productivity makes a burden on the animals’ organisms, which slows down metabolic processes, reduces dairy productivity and requires a balanced diet and high-quality forages. The increase in milk productivity relates to disturbance in metabolism and diseases caused by conversion of energy and feed nutrients into milk. The authors ide is a human being should not only milk cows, but keep the cows healthy and care of their immune system. The immune system is a complex multi-component system and it is not resistant to various factors. It is the basis in keeping cows healthy and its long-term use. Nowadays, immunity disorder is seen as one of the main reasons for significant increase in the number of diseases related to metabolic disorders. Lower natural resistance of the cattle is mostly caused by the impact of production technology and adverse environmental factors. When solving these problems, the authors focus on facilitating breeding and productive qualities of animals.
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Hufana, Rocelle Joy C., Perry Lorraine D. Canare, Evaristo A. Abella, Peregrino G. Duran, Rakesh Kumar, and Danilda Hufana-Duran. "Expression and Role of PIWI Proteins and piRNAs in Reproduction of Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis, Linn.)." Journal of Buffalo Science 11 (December 23, 2022): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-520x.2022.11.11.
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High-fertile and productive dairy animals are important to satisfy the growing population's demand. Sire fertility is one of the essential factors that regulate the overall pregnancy rate of dairy herds. However, sire fertility varies from 10 to 90%, suggesting that male fertility largely accounts for varying fertility levels across the herd. Sub-fertile bulls and females should be identified and discarded promptly to improve the dairy herd's productivity. The most dominant factors implicated in culling are poor semen quality, poor semen freezability (<35% post-thaw motility), and poor libido for the bulls and hard breeders for females that cause huge economic loss to the raisers. Understanding the basic mechanism of male and female fertility has undergone tremendous change in recent times owing to the advancement of molecular tools judging the essential molecules responsible for fertility. Presently, a new molecular niche has surfaced in testes, strongly influencing the fertilization potential of spermatozoa. Over the last decade, there has arrived a conclusion that out of several factors, piRNA and PIWI proteins are largely implicated in regulating the vital aspects of fertility and embryogenesis. While this development is advancing in other animals, very limited information is available on PIWI protein and piRNAs in large animals. Except for a few sporadic information on PIWI protein in cattle, very limited information is available on piRNAs and PIWI protein in regulation with buffalo bull fertility and growth of embryos of buffaloes, posting a huge demand for research.
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MAKARECHIAN, M., A. FARID, and R. T. BERG. "EVALUATION OF BULL FERTILITY IN MULTIPLE-SIRE MATING AT PASTURE." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 67, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas87-004.
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Pregnancy rates and calving dates of beef cows in four multiple-sire breeding herds in 1980 and 1981 were used to evaluate bull fertility. The bulls were from Hereford, Beef Synthetic and Dairy Synthetic breed groups, and were measured for scrotal circumference, scored for libido and evaluated for semen characteristics 1 wk before the commencement of breeding. Three yearling bulls were assigned to approximately 70 cows in each of the four herds (a total of 12 bulls) during a 60-d breeding season. The progeny of each sire were identified by blood typing. There was one bull in each breeding herd which sired at least 50% of the calves. The average age was higher in bulls with the maximum fertility (P < 0.05) than those with the minimum fertility within each herd. The bulls with minimum fertility within each herd tended (P = 0.08) to lose more weight during the period between yearling and breeding man those with higher fertility. Age of bull and percent normal spermatozoa were the only traits which were associated (P < 0.05) with bull fertility when data were pooled over the herds. Scrotal circumference, sperm volume, preweaning average daily gain, weaning weight and daily gain in the period between yearling and breeding showed positive but insignificant correlation with bull fertility. The measures of libido did not show any association with fertility. Key words: Cattle (beef), bull fertility, multiple-sire mating
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Khalaf, Mohamed Mohsen, and Jamil K. Wali. "Studying the Effect of the Anabolic Androgen Methandrostenolone on Some Fertility Parameters in Local Male Rabbits." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 656–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22166656.
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The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of the anabolic androgen Methandrostenolone (Dianabol) on some parameters of fertility in male rabbits. In this experiment, (20) adult male rabbits were used, randomly divided into two groups, each group 10 animals. Control group: The animals were dosed with distilled water. The treatment group: The animals were orally dosed with (Dianabol) within a course that lasted (8) weeks in an ascending manner: (0.076, 0.152, 0.304, 0.38, 0.456, 0.532, 0.608, 0.684) mg/kg/d each dose for consecutive 7days. In the end of the experiment period the results showed a significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) in the ratio of testes and epididymis weight to the body weight of the animal in addition to tissue damage that included a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level of germinal epithelium height of the seminiferous tubules and a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the thickness of the epididymis wall, also our results showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the total number of sperm, sperm motility and survival rate in the treatment group animals compared with control group animals. We conclude from this study that anabolic androgen Methandrostenolone has a significant negative effect on fertility in male rabbits.
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Garfinkel, Alan P., and Donald R. Austin. "Reproductive Symbolism in Great Basin Rock Art: Bighorn Sheep Hunting, Fertility and Forager Ideology." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 21, no. 3 (September 20, 2011): 453–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774311000461.
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Coso Range rock drawings are a central subject and focus for debates positing alternative meanings and agents responsible for animal depictions in Great Basin prehistoric rock art. We present new evidence offering a middle ground between the divergent views of the ‘hunting religion, increase rites and overkill’ and the ‘shaman, visions and rain-making’ models. We argue that rock-art images, in general, possess multivocality and manifest imbricated conceptual metaphors operating on a variety of scales simultaneously. We recognize that Coso pictures, in one sense, metaphorically represent increase and renewal, human and animal fertility, and game animal magnification. Evidence for that perspective is presented including Coso bighorn with up-raised tails, ‘spirit arrows’, animals giving birth, those that appear pregnant, and an abundance of animals evidencing vitality and movement. Ritually adept shamans also appear to have often been the religious specialists or agents responsible for Coso rock art and the sources for fashioning these images were frequently visionary experiences.
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Florek, Ewa, and Andrzej Marszalek. "An experimental study of the influences of tobacco smoke on fertility and reproduction." Human & Experimental Toxicology 18, no. 4 (April 1999): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/096032799678840039.
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1 The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicological influence of tobacco smoke on fertility and reproduction of Wistar female rats. The influence of tobacco smoke from the Polish ‘Popularne’ cigarette brand was studied. The experiment was conducted on three generations of animals, each generation having two litters. The initial number of animals of the parent generation FO was 192 (128 females and 64 males). Animals were passively exposed to tobacco smoke in three different concentrations based on the content of carbon monoxide (500, 1000 and 1500 mg of CO per cubic meter of air). Animals were exposed to tobacco smoke for 6 h a day, 5 days a week, during 11 weeks. 2 The analysis of indices of mating and fertility revealed the decrease in those indices with animals exposed to tobacco smoke. We also observed an increased number of mothers breading among animals exposed to tobacco smoke. In animals exposed to tobacco smoke, the dose-effect or dose-response dependencies for mating, fertility and delivery indices were found. There was no influence of tobacco smoke on the duration of pregnancy. 3 Tobacco smoke inhalation caused increased levels of carboxyhaemoglobin. 4 Tobacco smoke did not change the duration of pregnancy in rats.
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Wall, E., S. Brotherstone, and M. P. Coffey. "Profiles of genetic changes of linear type in Holstein Friesians." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175275620000925x.
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Changes in body condition score and other linear type traits can be indicative of changes in body energy balance in dairy cattle (Coffey et al., 2003). As an animal proceeds through her lactation it is expected that body shape and fatness levels will change both with peaks and troughs of lactation as well as changes as the animal grows and matures. Wall et al. (2005) showed that udder support (US) was correlated to fertility; cows with weaker udders had poorer fertility. If there are differences between animals in terms of how their udders grow and mature across the first lactation, this could be indicative of health and fertility problems later in life. The aim of this study was to examine how type traits recorded in the national dairy population change over the first lactation and if there is a difference between sires in the type profiles of their daughters.
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Ellis, R. W., G. P. Rupp, P. J. Chenoweth, L. V. Cundiff, and D. D. Lunstra. "Fertility of yearling beef bulls during mating." Theriogenology 64, no. 3 (August 2005): 657–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.029.
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Binelli, M., W. W. Thatcher, R. Mattos, and P. S. Baruselli. "Antiluteolytic strategies to improve fertility in cattle." Theriogenology 56, no. 9 (December 2001): 1451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-691x(01)00646-x.
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Smith, G. D., L. M. Jackson, and D. L. Foster. "Leptin regulation of reproductive function and fertility." Theriogenology 57, no. 1 (January 2002): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-691x(01)00658-6.
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Jones, A. L., and J. M. Wilson. "Superovulation and subsequent fertility of beef heifers." Theriogenology 37, no. 1 (January 1992): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(92)90300-g.
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