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Khire, Atul D. "Centriole Inheritance during Fertilization of Drosophila melanogaster." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1513336660968259.
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Baker, Maria. "Fertilization success in commercial shellfish." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/189935/.
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Wong, Julian Ling-Chao. "Molecular mechanisms of the animal block to polyspermy /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3174518.
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Gao, Jing, and 高晶. "Roles of VAD1.3 in spermatogenesis and fertilization." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4852170X.
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Vad1.3 is an evolutionarily-conserved, testis-specific gene identified from a retinol-treated Vitamin A-deficiency (VAD) rat model. VAD1.3 is expressed throughout spermiogenesis at the acrosome of spermatids and epididymal spermatozoa, suggesting a role in acrosome biogenesis or acrosome reaction. The present study aimed to explore the functional role of VAD1.3 in spermatogenesis and sperm functions by the cellular and gene-knockout approaches.
Double immunofluorescent microscopy confirmed the co-localization of VAD1.3 and syntaxin 1 in mouse spermatids and spermatozoa. Deletion analysis of the Vad1.3 gene in transfected mouse spermatocyte GC2-spd and human cervical cancer HeLa cells revealed a polarized peri-nuclear/Golgi expression pattern for the N-terminal GFP-VAD fusion proteins which contain a bipartite nucleus localization (BNL) motif, but a nuclear expression pattern for the C-terminal GFP-VAD. The N-terminal sequences of VAD1.3 mediated its interaction with syntaxin 1, as demonstrated by both co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation studies. The full-length GFP-VAD co-localized with the Golgi markers and was redistributed into the endoplasmic reticulum after brefeldin A treatment, suggesting that VAD1.3 was recruited through the ER-Golgi-acrosome pathway.
Vad1.3+/- mice was previously generated by the conventional knockout approach. The heterozygous mice had normal spermatogenesis during postnatal days and adulthood (6-8 weeks). At the age of 8-19 months, 6 out of 17 heterozygous mice but no wild-type exhibited a decrease in the epididymal sperm count and testicular weight (p < 0.05). Histological analyses unveiled disarrangement of the seminiferous epithelium and sloughing of germ cells, predominantly spermatids, which was mediated partially by apoptosis as a higher percentage of TUNEL-positive cells were detected in these heterozygous mice (p < 0.05). This phenotype was associated with a decrease in the mRNA (p < 0.05) and protein levels of VAD1.3 in the testis.
Crossing of the Vad1.3+/- mice produced wild-type and heterozygous offspring in a ratio of 1:3, but no Vad1.3-/- mice were found. There was no significant difference between the heterozygous intercrosses and the wild-type intercrosses in the number of oocytes ovulated, the developmental rate of embryos from zygotes to blastocysts, the number of implantation site, resorption site or the offspring could result from defective fertilization between Vad1.3 null gametes rather than developmental lethality. The role of VAD1.3 in fertilization was supported by the inhibitory effects of the anti-VAD1.3 antibody on in vitro fertilization and progesterone-induced acrosome reaction. Immuno-staining revealed that VAD1.3 was present in the acrosome-intact spermatozoa but not in acrosome-reacted spermatozoa, indicating a role of VAD1.3 in ZP-binding or acrosome reaction rather than sperm-egg fusion. In oocytes VAD1.3 was distributed in the cytoplasm near the cortex. litter size. Only a few Vad1.3-/- embryos were found at the zygotic (3.7%) and 2-cell (3%) stages in the heterozygous intercrosses. These findings suggested that the absence of the Vad1.3-/-
In sum, VAD1.3 may play important roles in fertilization and spermatogenesis in mice. The BNL motif of VAD1.3 directs its Golgi expression and the N-terminal sequence of the protein mediates its interaction with syntaxin 1. The use of tissue-specific knockout approach may help to answer the functional role of VAD1.3 in future.published_or_final_version
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Richmond, Alissa Gale. "Sperm-Oocyte Membrane Interactions during Fertilization in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans." W&M ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539624377.
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Baker, Stokes Sidney. "Cloning, identification, and characterization of fertilization associated genes in Pinus strobus ovules /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148768375612746.
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Qin, Jianguang. "Effects of fertilization and fish predation on trophic dynamics in aquatic ecosystems /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148784937729584.
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Bloch, Qazi Margaret Caldwell. "Sperm precedence in a flour beetle /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 1999.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 1999.Adviser: Sara M. Lewis. Submitted to the Dept. of Biology. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-171). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Sanbuissho, Atsushi. "Influence of serum and gonadotropins on in vitro bovine oocyte maturation and fertilization /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487590702990105.
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Wunnachit, Wijit. "Floral biology of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) in relation to pollination and fruit set." Adelaide Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21622.
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Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, 1991
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Inzunza, José. "New micromanipulative techniques in reproductive biology /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-568-9/.
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Yu, Xiaomin. "Embryonic development of In Vitro matured mouse oocytes following vitrification and In Vitro fertilization." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96931.
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With increasing incidences of early onset of cancer and the delay of reproductive age, the demand for fertility preservation in women have increased. Even though most results of oocyte cryopreservation have been obtained from ovarian stimulation protocols for in vitro fertilization (IVF), ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins may not be suitable for many women, especially those who are with hormone-dependent cancers, or those require immediate chemotherapy. However, it is agreed that the outcome of in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes are not as good as in vivo matured ones. In this thesis, we tested the interfering of oocytes during IVM, by the addition of antioxidant and the blocking of mitochondrial function, and observed their survival and the outcome of embryonic development after vitrification and IVF. For the first part, our study showed that the presence of the antioxidant, cysteamine during IVM significantly (P<0.05) reduced the fragmentation rate in cumulus-intact group from 61.9% to 40.8% following vitrification-thawing and IVF. However, the same trend wasn't shown in denuded groups. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in terms of maturation and cleavage rate with the supplementation of cysteamine in either COC or denuded groups. We hypothesized that cysteamine facilitated effect during IVM might have occurred by affecting mtDNA accumulation during IVM. Fluorescent real-time quantitative analysis of mtDNA showed that the mtDNA copy number were similar in cysteamine treated and untreated group with a ratio close to 1, which implied that the effect of cysteamine during IVM may not be directly related to the mtDNA replication. In the second part, a mitochondria blocker, rotenone, was added to the IVM medium in order to test the vitrification outcome and the subsequent embryonic development. The testing of rotenone concentrations from 100nM to 50µM, showed a lethal dose of around 50µM where all the oocytes were lysed during IVM. With the increase of rotenone concentration from 2µM to 50µM, the oocyte maturation rate dropped significantly in a dose dependent manner and eventually reaching 0 when the concentration was at 50µM. Within the concentration window of 250nM to 2µM, where no difference has been found in terms of the oocyte death and maturation rates compared to the control, there is a significant drop of cryo-survival rate at a concentration of 2µM, from 93.3% (in the control) to 55.6%. The percentage of embryos that developed to 4-8 cell stage were significant lower in the 2µM group (17.5%), compared to the group with a lower concentration of 250nM (50%). This study confirmed the strong positive dependency of mitochondrial functionality during oocyte maturation on its later development as well as the cryopreservation outcomes. Our work suggested that as two individual ART applications, the understanding and improvement of IVM could improve the outcome of vitrification since the impact of IVM on the oocytes could significantly determine the oocytes ability to survival and to develop following vitrification and IVF.Suite a làugmentation de l'incidence des pathologies cancéreuses chez les jeunes et au recul de l'âge parental, les demandes de préservation de la fertilité sont de plus en plus fréquentes. Bien que la majorité des résultats sur la cryopréservation des ovocytes aient été obtenu suite a un protocole de stimulation ovarienne dans le cadre d'un traitement par fécondation in vitro (FIV), làdministration de gonadotrophines est inappropriées pour un certain nombre de patientes, en particulier celle atteintes de cancer hormono-dépendant, ou celle nécessitant une chimiothérapie sans délai possible. D'autre part, il est bien établi que le taux de fécondation des ovocytes maturés in vitro (IVM) n'est pas aussi élevé que lorsque les ovocytes sont maturés in vivo. Dans cette thèse, nous avons testé l'effet de la présence d'antioxydants et d'inhibiteurs de la fonction mitochondriale dans le milieu de maturation in vitro sur le taux de maturation ovocytaire (IVM) ainsi que sur le taux de survie et de développement embryonnaire après vitrification. Dans un premier temps, nous avons démontré que la présence d'antioxydants, la cysteamine, pendant l'IVM réduit significativement le taux de fragmentation après vitrification des ovocytes maturés avec leur cellules du cumulus (complexes ovocyte-cumulus, COC), de 61.9% dans le groupe non traité à 40.8% dans le groupe traité (p<0.05). Cette différence n'est pas observée dans le groupe des ovocytes maturés en l'absence de leur cellules du cumulus (ovocytes dénudés). La présence de cysteamine n'a pas d'effet significatif sur le taux de maturation et de clivage embryonnaire que les ovocytes soient dénudés ou non. Nous avons ensuite vérifié si l'effet bénéfique de la cysteamine durant l'IVM était lié à l'accumulation de DNA mitochondrial durant la maturation ovocytaire. Le nombre de copies d'aDN mitochondrial dans les ovocytes maturés en présence ou non de cysteamine a donc été évalué par PCR quantitative et le résultat ne montre pas de différence significative entre les deux groupes (ratio ~1). Ces données ne sont donc pas en faveur d'un effet de la cysteamine sur la réplication de l'aDN mitochondrial lors de la maturation ovocytaire in vitro. Dans un deuxième temps, un inhibiteur de la fonction mitochondriale, la rotenone, a été ajoutée au milieu de maturation in vitro afin de tester son effet sur la vitrification et le développement embryonnaire ultérieur. Les tests d'échelonnement de concentrations, de 100nM a 50µM, ont permis de définir une dose l'etale de 50µM, pour laquelle la totalité les ovocytes sont lysés. Entre 2µM et 50µM, le taux de maturation diminue de manière dose dépendante, atteignant 0 à la dose maximale. Dans une échelle de concentration allant de 250nM à 2µM, aucune différence significative n'est observée en terme de taux de survie et de maturation entre le groupe traité et le groupe contrôle. Par contre le taux de survie après vitrification diminue en présence de 2µM de roterone dans le milieu IVM, passant de 93.3% dans le groupe contrôle à 55.6% dans le groupe traité. Le taux d'embryons atteignant 4-8cellules après fécondation est également significativement plus bas dans le groupe traité à une concentration de 2µM comparé à un groupe traité à une dose plus faible de 250nM (respectivement 17.5% et 50%). Cette étude confirme le rôle essentiel des mitochondries durant la maturation ovocytaire, le développement ultérieur et la survie après cryopréservation. Notre travail montre l`interaction entre deux techniques utilisées en Procréation Médicalement Assistée : la maturation in vitro d'une part et la vitrification d'autre part. La compréhension et le développement des milieux de maturation ovocytaire in vitro ont en effet un impact majeur sur la survie des ovocytes après vitrification et sur leur développement embryonnaire ultérieur.
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Akabane, Hiroto. "Protein kinase C activity in mouse eggs regulates gamete membrane interaction." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2006. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=655.
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Hong, Shunjia, and 洪順家. "Effects of cumulus oophorus and glycodelin-f on human spermatozoa during fertilization." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42577731.
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Hong, Shunjia. "Effects of cumulus oophorus and glycodelin-f on human spermatozoa during fertilization." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42577731.
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Ying, Ying. "Male accessory sex glands and oocyte activation at fertilization in the golden hamster /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20792712.
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Ahmed, Yasir. "Positive assortative fertilization as a result of allopatry between Drosophila americana and D. novamexicana." Diss., University of Iowa, 2008. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/42.
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Seibert, Sara Rose. "Assortative Fertilization in the Elegans-Group of Caenorhabditis." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1420806601.
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Ying, Ying, and 應嬴. "Male accessory sex glands and oocyte activation at fertilization in the golden hamster." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31239663.
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駱建民 and Jianmin Luo. "A study on the male accessory sex gland secretions of the golden hamster Mesocricetus auratus)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31244567.
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Torra, Massana Marc. "Molecular and cellular mechanisms of fertilization failure after ICSI." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668897.
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La ICSI és una tècnica de reproducció assistida molt eficient, però la fallada de fecundació (FF) pot ocórrer en un 1-3% dels cicles. La FF té un elevat impacte en els pacients i és molt difícil de predir, diagnosticar i gestionar a nivell clínic. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és caracteritzar i identificar els mecanismes espermàtics responsables de la FF en ICSI.
S'han estudiat les principals proteïnes de l’espermatozoide implicades en l'activació de l’oòcit: PAWP i PLCZ1. Els nivells de PAWP, la seva ubicació subcel·lular i la seqüència gènica no van mostrar alteracions en pacients amb FF. D'altra banda, vam identificar mutacions en PLCZ1 en un alt percentatge de pacients amb fallada d'activació de l’oòcit (12/22, 55%), l’efecte deleteri de les quals va ser determinat per anàlisi funcional (injectant cRNA de PLCZ1 en oòcits humans madurats in vitro).
La longitud telomèrica en espermatozoides (STL) es va determinar en 60 mostres de donant de semen utilitzats en 676 cicles d'ICSI, permetent-nos d'aïllar estadísticament la STL del factor femení. Tot i així, no es va trobar cap efecte significatiu de la STL en les taxes de fertilitat i embaràs.
A més, per primera vegada, es va dur a terme un estudi de proteòmica comparant mostres de semen amb una bona fecundació (n-8) i mostres amb FF repetitiva post-ICSI (n-4). Aquesta anàlisi va identificar 11 proteïnes diferencialment expressades entre pacients amb FF i controls, algunes d'elles validades per Western blot, com DLAT i PSMA1. Mitjançant anàlisis funcionals addicionals es va observar que les mostres espermàtiques de pacients amb FF tenen menor activitat mitocondrial i menys activitat proteasomal que els controls.
Finalment, mitjançant l'anàlisi de fins a 125 cicles de ICSI amb FF, vam poder observar que una sola evidència prèvia de FF no és una justificació suficient per recomanar l'activació assistida de l’oòcit (AOA).
En resum, aquesta tesi inclou una àmplia caracterització molecular de mostres de pacients amb FF, i proporciona una llista de marcadors i eines amb potencial ús a nivell clínic.ICSI is a very efficient assisted reproduction technique, but fertilization failure (FF) occurs in 1-3% of cycles. FF has a high impact on patients and is very difficult to predict, diagnose and manage in the clinic. The aim of this thesis is to characterize and identify the sperm alterations explaining FF after ICSI. The main sperm proteins involved in oocyte activation have been studied: PAWP and PLCZ1. PAWP levels, its subcellular location and its gene sequence did not show alterations in patients with FF. On the other hand, we identified presence of mutations in PLCZ1 gene in a high percentage of patients with oocyte activation failure (12/22, 55%). The deleterious effect of these mutations was confirmed by functional analysis (injecting PLCZ1 cRNA into in vitro-ripened human oocytes). Moreover, sperm telomere length (STL) was determined in samples from 60 sperm donors used in 676 ICSI cycles, allowing us to statistically isolate the female factor from STL. However, we did not find any significant effect of STL on fertilization and pregnancy rates. In addition, for the first time, semen samples with good fertilization rate (n = 8) and samples with repetitive FF post-ICSI (n = 4) were compared by high-throughput proteomics. This analysis identified 11 proteins differentiated expressed between patients with FF and controls, some of them validated by Western Blot (such as DLAT and PSMA1). Functional analysis demonstrated that sperm samples from patients with FF presented lower mitochondrial activity and less proteasomal activity than the controls. Finally, by the analysis of up to 125 ICSI cycles with FF, we observed that a single previous evidence of FF is not an enough justification to recommend assisted oocyte activation (AOA). In summary, this thesis includes a comprehensive molecular characterization of sperm-dependent fertilization failure after ICSI, and provides a list of biomarkers and tools with potential use at the clinical level.
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Patrick, L. Brian. "Fertilization and plant litter effects on the plant and epigeal arthropod communities." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1259588844.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed April 14, 2010). Advisor: Mark W. Kershner. Keywords: biodiversity; nitrogen; fertilization; plant litter; trophic dynamics; epigeal community. Includes bibliographical references.
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Schmidt, Victor T. "The effects of polyspermy, sexual conflict, and gene introgression on gamete incompatibility." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-2/schmidtv/victorschmidt.pdf.
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Caplins, Serena. "Impact of self-fertilization on fecundity, the timing of first reproduction, and population genetic structure: Is a mate worth the wait?" VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/536.
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Organisms capable of self-fertilization typically exhibit two evolutionary syndromes uniting high inbreeding depression with low levels of selfing, or low inbreeding depression and high levels of selfing. This study tests for inbreeding depression in an apparent self-compatible, hermaphroditic marine nemertean worm, Prosorhochmus americanus. Fecundity and timing to first reproduction were assessed in isolated and paired worms. Isolated worms produced significantly more offspring than paired worms and did not show inbreeding avoidance. The selfing rate of natural populations was evaluated using species-specific microsatellites and is consistent with preferential selfing (mean: 0.801), though some outcrossing appears to take place. Population genetic structure indicates populations are disjunct and characterized by low levels of gene flow. Our results reveal P. americanus exhibits an interesting suite of life-history traits, uniting high dispersal potential through self-fertilization and high fecundity, with the lack of a dispersive larval stage and low levels of gene flow.
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Johnson, Collin Hauer. "Self-fertilization, Larval Dispersal, and Population Structure in the Marine Bryozoan Bugula stolonifera." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10180.
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Although the process by which fertilization occurs in bryozoans is well described, the ability to self-fertilize and the subsequent ecological consequences are poorly understood. Culturing experiments were conducted examining the effects of selfing on offspring survival and reproduction in the simultaneous hermaphrodite Bugula stolonifera collected from Eel Pond, Woods Hole, MA. Results from these experiments document significant decreases in survival and fecundity of selfed offspring, compared to outcrossed controls, suggesting that these animals are not routinely self-fertilizing in Eel Pond. How these arborescent colonies minimize selfing remains unclear, but it is hypothesized that conspecific aggregations could serve to minimize the chances that a colony utilizes its own sperm for fertilization. The genetic composition of these aggregations was investigated using a newly developed microsatellite library. As larvae routinely metamorphose on conspecific colonies, the possibility that larvae select or avoid their maternal colony was also investigated. Analyses of genetic structure document homogeneity throughout these aggregations on extremely small spatial scales, suggesting high amounts of larval dispersal within aggregations. When combined with results from parentage-exclusion and kinship analyses, these results indicate that a colony's nearest neighbors are not composed of siblings, potentially minimizing inbreeding. Molecular analyses were then used to determine if the high larval dispersal within aggregations resulted in high mixing between aggregations. Sites within Eel Pond separated by 100-300 m were routinely sampled from 2009 to 2011, and analyses were conducted to investigate potential inter- and intra-annual genotypic differentiation within and between aggregations. Results document that although low levels of mixing could result in increased homogeneity between some aggregations, barriers to genetic exchange prevent mixing between most sites. Further, inter-annual comparisons within sites document that significant differentiation can occur between reproductive seasons. Hence, any potential homogeneity achieved between sites during one reproductive season will likely be lost by the beginning of the next reproductive season. Additionally, while sampling in Eel Pond in 2010, I document the first occurrence from the western Atlantic Ocean of another aggregating arborescent bryozoan, Tricellaria inopinata. The growth and reproductive biology of these animals was monitored throughout 2011; results suggest that this introduction is likely to persist.
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Bobiwash, Kyle. "Pollination ecology of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) - The role of introduced pollinator communities, self-fertilization and somatic mutations on fruit set response." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114589.
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This thesis examines fruit yield variation and its causes in the lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium). I found that yields exhibits significant variability in fruit within and between fields. An experiment involving controlled introductions of the three pollinator species commonly used in blueberry production—the honeybee (Apis mellifera), the bumblebee (Bombus spp.) and leafcutter bee (Megachile rotundata)—was also conducted. Increasing the abundance or diversity of the introduced pollinator community did not systematically increase fruit set across the experimental populations. There is weak evidence to suggest the combination of bumblebee and leafcutter bee may be more effective at increasing fruit yield than honeybee alone. The behaviour of introduced pollinator species differed between fields depending on the combination of pollinator species present, however, none of these changes was correlated with increased fruit set. As part of this work, self-pollinations and cross-pollinations were conducted in a large number of clones and variation in inbreeding depression of yield was detected among clones. To evaluate whether differences in accumulated deleterious mutations among clones were responsible for variation in inbreeding depression, a follow-up experiment manipulating access to self pollen was undertaken. In addition, differential genetic load was measured, using clone size as a proxy for somatic cell division. Neither clonal size nor self pollen access sufficiently explained the interclonal variation in self fruit set. Within the same fields, geitonogamously-pollinated fruit set was greater than autogamously-pollinated fruit set. These differences suggest the presence of somatic mutations, cell lineage selection, mitotic recombination, or epigenetic changes within lowbush blueberry clones, and they mirror results from studies of several perennial plant species that have revealed autogamy depression to be a significant factor in plant fertility. These results suggest that self-fertilization is an important element limiting fruit set that should be addressed in attempts to increase lowbush blueberry yield.Ce thèse explore la variance du rendement de fruit et les causes des différences dans le rendement vue dans l'espèce de bleuet Vaccinium angustifolium. J'ai trouvé qu'il existe une variabilité dans le rendement de fruit entre les champs et entre les individus du champs. Une expérience visant l'introduction des trois espèces pollinisateur utilisé le plus fréquement (Apis mellifera, Bombus spp., Megachile rotundata) au Nouveau-Brunswick a aussi eu lieu. Lors de l'augmentation de la diversité ou l'abondance il n'y avait aucun gain conséquent dans le rendement de fruit. Il y a un faible temoignage qui suggère que le rendement de fruit est plus élevé dans les champs qui inclut la combinaison pollinisateur de Bombus et Megachile comparé au champs seulement avec Apis introduit. Les mesures de comportement des pollinisateur introduit ont aussi varié entre les champs dépendant des espèces présent dans les champs, mais ces changements en comportement n'ont pas été lié au différences dans le rendement de fruit. Comme partie de cette recherche, des auto- pollinisations et des pollinisations croisée ont eu lieu dans plusieurs clones, avec une variabilité dans la dépression de consanguinité vue entre individus. Pour evaluer si des différences dans l'accumulation des mutations somatiques entre individus sont responsable pour la variabilité dans la dépression de consanguinité, une expérience qui a but de modifié accès de auto pollen a suivie. Pour mésurer la différence en charge génétique, la taille des clones a été utilisé pour représenter la division cellulaire somatique. Ni la taille des clones ou l'accès à l'auto pollen fut capable d'expliquer la variation de rendement de fruit entre les clones. Ces mêmes champs on aussi produit un taux de rendement de fruit plus élevé dans les fleurs fécondé avec le pollen geitonogamous comparé au fleurs fécondé avec le pollen autogame. Ces différences suggèrent la présence des mutations somatiques, la sélection lignée cellulaire, la recombinaison mitotique, ou des changement épigénétique dans les clones de bleuets, et ces résulats reflète d'autres études des espèces de plantes vivaces qui indique que la dépression autogame est une force significative dans la fertilié des plantes. Nos résultats suggèrent que l'auto pollinisation joue un rôle important dans la limitation du rendement de fruit et dois être considéré lorsqu'on essai d'augmenter le rendement de fruit chez le bleuet V. angustifolium.
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Maia, Marta Filhó. "Cochonilhas em vinha. Potencialidades de interacção com os níveis de fertilização da vinha e tipos de poda." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5656.
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Mestrado em Viticultura e Enologia - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Faculdade de Ciências. Universidade do PortoDue to the type of damage associated with scale insects in vineyards, these phytophagous insects have been studied worldwide. However, few studies relate the effects of these pests with vineyards’ productivity and vigour. The main goals of this study are: i) characterization of the vineyard scale insects complex (Coccidae and Pseudococcidae) in central Portugal; ii) evaluation of interaction among different pruning systems (hedge pruning and manual pruning), fertilization (bovine manure, solid manure compound from municipality, sludge waste from water treatment station, vegetal coal) and populations intensity of different scale insects species; iii) natural occurring parasitoids’ identification. The study was carried out in Portuguese vineyards, in Cadaval (Syrah and Aragonez varieties) and Sardoal (Syrah variety) municipalities, from March to October 2012. In the laboratory, biology and morphology observations and measurements took place during the same period, in potted vine plants from the same varieties used in the field work. The scale insects species in this essay belong to the Parthenolecanium corni and Planococcus ficus species. The occurrence of parasitoids associated with P. corni was identified as Coccophagus lycimnia e Metaphycus dispar, and the parasitoids´ associated with P. ficus was identified as Leptomastidae abnormis e Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci.
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Gobena, Amanuel. "Effect of Fertilization on Woody Plant Chemistry: The Role in Diet Selection by Goats." DigitalCommons@USU, 1988. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6468.
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Lack of forage quantity and quality limit livestock production during the dry season in northeast Brazil. Coppice produced following cutting of tree species in this area has the potential to increase forage quantity and quality during the dry season, because trees that coppice retain green foliage throughout most of the dry season. However, the palatability of coppice is often low.
From a theoretical standpoint, woody plants with inherently slow growth rate should be less palatable to herbivores than plants with inherently fast growth rates, because plants that grow slowly allocate more carbon to compounds such as tannins and resins that reduce palatability. I tested this hypothesis with four tree species (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia, Croton sonderianus, Auxemma oncocalyx, and Caesalpinia bracteosa) growing on both fertile (non-calcic brown) and infertile (lithic) soils. Inherent plant growth rates were determined by growing young plants of all species on both soil types in a greenhouse. Plants were fertilized with NPK (150 or 300 kg/ha) and watered to field capacity. Urea ((NH2)2CO),diammonium phosphate ( NH4)2 Po4 and KCL were used as sources of fertilizer. On fertile soils, Mimosa had the highest inherent growth rate, followed by Auxemma, Croton, and Caesalpinia. In pen and field trials, Mimosa was preferred by goats, followed by Auxemma, Croton, and Caesalpinia. Results were similar on infertile soils, but Croton had a higher growth rate than Auxemma, and Croton was preferred to Auxemma by goats . Fertilization with 150 or 300 kg/ha of NPK increased palatability of coppice of all plant species to goats on both fertile (non-calcic brown) and infertile (lithic) soils.
Fertilization affected the chemical and physical characteristics of the four plant species. Concentrations of tannins and lignins decreased as did leaf toughness, while nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium increased. In vitro organic matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities did not change. The prediction that fertilized plants would be lower in carbon based compounds than the unfertilized plants was supported by the results of my study.
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Lloyd, John E. "Trophic cascades in ornamental landscapes mediated by soil organic matter : effects of mulch and fertilization on microbial activity, nutrient cycling, plant carbon allocation, and insect herbivores /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486572165277093.
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Griffiths, Genevieve S. "Investigating the impact and mechanism of vesicular and non-vesicular mediated GPI-linked protein transfer from reproductive luminal fluids to sperm, using SPAM1 as a model." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 119 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1397900391&sid=22&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Lédée, Nathalie. "In vitro maturation, fertilization, and preimplantation development of oocytes isolated from B6.Y Dom sex-reversed and XO female mice." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23908.
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When the Y chromosome of a Mus. musculus domesticus mouse strain is placed onto the C57BL/6J(B6) background, half of the XY (B6.Y$ rm sp{Dom})$ progeny develop as females, which ovulate very few eggs and fail to develop zygotes beyond the two-cell stage. In the present study, oocyte-cumulus complexes were isolated from ovaries of juvenile B6.Y$ rm sp{Dom}$ females, as well as XX and XO females for comparison, and matured and fertilized in vitro. The results indicate that (1) In vitro procedure yielded far more mature oocytes than through ovulation; (2) The oocytes underwent apparently normal nuclear maturation, but failed to develop after fertilization; and (3) Addition of FSH during oocyte maturation increased the percentage of fertilization and the first cell cleavage, but not further development. The oocytes from XO ovaries were comparable with those from XX rather than XY ovaries, suggesting that the presence of the Y chromosome is responsible for the infertility of the B6.Y$ rm sp{Dom}$ female.
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Lawry, John R. "Characterization of the expression of glutamate dehydrogenase in preimplantation mouse embryos using competitive reverse transcription- polymerase chain reactions." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/917022.
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A mouse embryo culture medium which would allow for in vitro development from 1-cell stage to blastocyst stage could offer many benefits for human research. Previous researchfrom our lab has demonstrated a mouse embryo culture medium named CZB seems to allow for in vivo-like conditions for development. Compared to other commonly used mouse embryo culture media, CZB medium promotes a higher frequency of 1 cell mouse embryos developing to blastocyst stage (Chatot et 1989). A key difference between CZB and other mouse embryo culture media is that CZB contains the amino acid glutamine metabolism is glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). In order to determine if CZB cultured embryos follow in vivo-like patterns of gene expression for GDH, a quantitative competitive RT-PCR system was designed. A mutant GDH mRNA template was created which lacked a specific restriction enzyme site and was used as a competitive template in quantitative RT-PCR. This system was used to determine the amount of GDH mRNA present in in vivo grown blastocyst stage mouse embryos. It was determined that the amount of GDH mRNA present in in vivo blastocyst stage embryos was 282 fg/embryo. It is believed this system will also allow for quantitation of GDH mRNA in the earlier preimplantation stages of in vivo grown embryos, as well as the preimplantation stages 2-cell to blastocyst of CZB cultured embryos.Department of Biology
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Ruddock, Nancy T. "Intracellular pH changes during and following porcine oocyte activation /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974681.
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Fraire, Zamora Juan Jose. "A physiological Approach to the study of pseudopod extension in the amoeboid sperm of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans." Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1957308701&SrchMode=2&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1268764340&clientId=48051.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.Includes abstract. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 16, 2010). Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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Carson, Michael A. "Responses to long-term fertilization and burning: impacts on nutrient dynamics and microbial composition in a tallgrass prairie." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16029.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Biology
John M. Blair
Anthropogenic activities impact ecosystems in numerous direct and indirect ways, affecting the cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) on local, regional and global scales. North America tallgrass prairie is an ecosystem profoundly altered by anthropogenic activities, with most native prairie converted to alternate land uses or heavily impacted by other environmental changes. While aboveground responses to anthropogenic drivers have received much attention, the responses of belowground biota, ecological processes, and nutrient allocation to land management and environmental change are poorly documented, especially over long timeframes. This research builds upon a long-term experiment (the Belowground Plot Experiment) initiated in 1986 at Konza Prairie Biological Station (Manhattan, KS). I utilized a subset of treatments to address the effects of annual burning vs. fire suppression and/or chronic N additions on soil C and N dynamics and microbial communities in tallgrass prairie. I measured a suite of soil variables related to C and N cycling during the 2012 growing season, including total soil C and N, microbial biomass C and N, in situ net N mineralization, potential N mineralization, in situ CO2 efflux, and potentially mineralizable soil C. I also assessed changes in microbial community composition using microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) profiles. Annual burning significantly (p≤0.05) increased the soil C:N ratio and in situ CO2 efflux, while decreasing potential ammonification and nitrification rates. Annual burning also increased total PLFA mass and relative abundance of fungi. Chronic N addition (100 kg N ha-1 year-1) significantly reduced the soil C:N ratio, while increasing total soil N and potential nitrification and ammonification rates. Chronic N addition reduced potential C mineralization, microbial biomass C and N, and altered microbial community composition by increasing abundance of bacterial PLFAs and reducing fungal PLFAs. Sampling date also significantly affected many variables. These results indicate that different fire regimes and chronic N enrichment over decades affects soil C and N pools and transformations, as well as microbial biomass and composition. In total, this study highlights the importance of long-term ecological research and identifies likely changes in tallgrass prairie nutrient dynamics and soil microbial communities under increased N and frequent burning.
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Bardiviesso, Diógenes Martins [UNESP]. "Monitoramento da solução do solo e do estado nutricional de laranjeiras Valência em cultivo fertirrigado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93464.
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A citricultura é um segmento de grande importância para a estrutura sócio-econômica brasileira, sendo o Brasil o maior produtor mundial de laranja. A fertirrigação é uma técnica que está cada vez mais se expandindo no cenário da citricultura. A aplicação de fertilizantes via fertirrigação é geralmente realizada através de doses preestabelecidas, sem o adequado monitoramento do estado nutricional da planta e das condições do solo. O manejo inadequado da fertirrigação pode ocasionar desequilíbrios nutricionais, além disso, tais desordens podem provocar efeitos negativos quanto á produtividade e qualidade dos frutos. Sendo assim, tal técnica deve receber atenção especial quanto ao seu manejo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de cinco doses de N e K2O fornecidas via fertirrigação, sobre a produção e o estado nutricional de laranjeiras, e observar a sensibilidade das técnicas de análise de seiva, intensidade de coloração verde das folhas e solução do solo. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Reginópolis-SP, em um pomar composto por laranjeiras da variedade ‘Valência’ sobre o porta-enxerto citrumelo ‘Swingle’, com 8 anos, durante o período de setembro de 2010 a agosto de 2011. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos por cinco doses de N e K2O, 0%, 25%, 50%, 100% e 200%, em relação a recomendação convencional, que foi baseada nos resultados de análises de solo e folha e no histórico de produção. Para avaliar o estado nutricional das plantas e a dinâmica dos nutrientes no solo foram realizadas análises de solo, solução do solo, foliar, seiva e intensidade de coloração verde das folhas. A produção também foi avaliada. A elevação das doses de N e K2O promoveram...
The citrus industry is a segment of great importance to socioeconomic structure in Brazil, Brazil is the biggest producer of orange. Fertigation is a technique that is expanding in the citrus. The application of fertilizers through fertigation is usually done through pre-established rates, without adequate monitoring of the nutritional status of plant and soil conditions. The mismanagement of fertigation can cause nutritional imbalances, in addition, such disorders can cause negative effects on productivity and fruit quality. Therefore, this technique should receive special attention as to their management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different rates of N and K2O supplied by fertigation on the production and nutritional status of orange trees, and to assess the sensitivity analysis techniques sap, intensity of green leaves and the soil solution. The experiment was conducted in Reginópolis-SP, in an orange orchard composed of the variety 'Valencia' on the rootstock 'Swingle' citrumelo, with eight years during the period September 2010 to August 2011. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments and four replicates, the treatments consisted of five rates of N and K2O, 0%, 25%, 50%, 100% and 200% over the conventional recommendation , which was based on results of soil and leaf analysis and production history. To assess the nutritional status of plants and nutrient dynamics in soil were performed to analyze soil, soil solution, leaf sap and intensity of green leaves. The production was evaluated too. The increasing levels of N and K2O promoted a reduction of pH, electrical conductivity and increased the levels of N-NH4, N-NO3, K, Mg, B, Cu and Mn in soil solution. The intensity of green leaves and the concentration of N-NO3, Ntotal and Mn in the sap... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Lenz, Brittney L. "Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Fertilization Success and Early Larval Development in the Green Sea Urchin, Lytechinus variegatus." NSUWorks, 2017. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/457.
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Climate change is predicted to affect the larval stages of many marine organisms. Ocean warming can reduce larval survival and hasten larval development, whereas ocean acidification can delay larval development. Ocean acidification is especially concerning for marine organisms that develop and grow calcified shells or skeletons in an environment undersaturated with calcium carbonate minerals. This study assessed the effects of ocean warming and acidification on the fertilization and larval development of the green sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus, a tropical species common in Florida and the Caribbean. After spawning, gametes were fertilized and embryos/larvae were reared at: 1) 28°C and pH 8.1 (control), 2) 28°C and pH 7.8 (ocean acidification scenario), 3) 31°C and pH 8.1 (ocean warming scenario), and 4) 31°C and pH 7.8 (ocean warming and acidification scenario). Exposure to acidified conditions had no effect on fertilization, but delayed larval development, stunted growth and increased asymmetry. Exposure to warm conditions decreased fertilization success at a high sperm to egg ratio (1,847:1), accelerated larval development, but had no significant effect on growth. Under exposure to both stressors (ocean warming and acidification), larval development was accelerated, but larvae were smaller and more asymmetric. These results indicate that climate change will have a serious impact on the larval development and growth of the green sea urchin, L. variegatus, and may negatively affect its persistence.
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Bardiviesso, Diógenes Martins 1987. "Monitoramento da solução do solo e do estado nutricional de laranjeiras "Valência" em cultivo fertirrigado /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93464.
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Orientador: Roberto Lyra Villas BôasCoorientador: Thais Regina de Souza
Banca: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes
Banca: Clarice Backes
Resumo: A citricultura é um segmento de grande importância para a estrutura sócio-econômica brasileira, sendo o Brasil o maior produtor mundial de laranja. A fertirrigação é uma técnica que está cada vez mais se expandindo no cenário da citricultura. A aplicação de fertilizantes via fertirrigação é geralmente realizada através de doses preestabelecidas, sem o adequado monitoramento do estado nutricional da planta e das condições do solo. O manejo inadequado da fertirrigação pode ocasionar desequilíbrios nutricionais, além disso, tais desordens podem provocar efeitos negativos quanto á produtividade e qualidade dos frutos. Sendo assim, tal técnica deve receber atenção especial quanto ao seu manejo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de cinco doses de N e K2O fornecidas via fertirrigação, sobre a produção e o estado nutricional de laranjeiras, e observar a sensibilidade das técnicas de análise de seiva, intensidade de coloração verde das folhas e solução do solo. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Reginópolis-SP, em um pomar composto por laranjeiras da variedade 'Valência' sobre o porta-enxerto citrumelo 'Swingle', com 8 anos, durante o período de setembro de 2010 a agosto de 2011. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos por cinco doses de N e K2O, 0%, 25%, 50%, 100% e 200%, em relação a recomendação convencional, que foi baseada nos resultados de análises de solo e folha e no histórico de produção. Para avaliar o estado nutricional das plantas e a dinâmica dos nutrientes no solo foram realizadas análises de solo, solução do solo, foliar, seiva e intensidade de coloração verde das folhas. A produção também foi avaliada. A elevação das doses de N e K2O promoveram... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The citrus industry is a segment of great importance to socioeconomic structure in Brazil, Brazil is the biggest producer of orange. Fertigation is a technique that is expanding in the citrus. The application of fertilizers through fertigation is usually done through pre-established rates, without adequate monitoring of the nutritional status of plant and soil conditions. The mismanagement of fertigation can cause nutritional imbalances, in addition, such disorders can cause negative effects on productivity and fruit quality. Therefore, this technique should receive special attention as to their management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different rates of N and K2O supplied by fertigation on the production and nutritional status of orange trees, and to assess the sensitivity analysis techniques sap, intensity of green leaves and the soil solution. The experiment was conducted in Reginópolis-SP, in an orange orchard composed of the variety 'Valencia' on the rootstock 'Swingle' citrumelo, with eight years during the period September 2010 to August 2011. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments and four replicates, the treatments consisted of five rates of N and K2O, 0%, 25%, 50%, 100% and 200% over the conventional recommendation , which was based on results of soil and leaf analysis and production history. To assess the nutritional status of plants and nutrient dynamics in soil were performed to analyze soil, soil solution, leaf sap and intensity of green leaves. The production was evaluated too. The increasing levels of N and K2O promoted a reduction of pH, electrical conductivity and increased the levels of N-NH4, N-NO3, K, Mg, B, Cu and Mn in soil solution. The intensity of green leaves and the concentration of N-NO3, Ntotal and Mn in the sap... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Pelikan, Kellie C. "The Effects of Petroleum Pollutants on Sea Urchins Reproduction and Development." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/401.
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Disturbances, such as mass pollution events, threaten the health of vulnerable ecosystems. Recent media attention has focused on the devastating mass oil spills, but daily petroleum input from recreational and commercial ship bilge release has been overlooked. The focus of this study was the effect of petroleum products found in bilge water on fertilization success and larval viability of two sea urchin species, Lytechinus variegatus and Eucidaris tribuloides. Unlike other pollutant studies that have focused on sperm characteristics and concentrations, I chose to examine how egg integrity was compromised by petroleum products. Scanning electron microscopy revealed eggs were degraded when exposed to low levels of these pollutants. Of the three, oil was the most detrimental to Lytechinus variegatus fertilization, while gas was highly detrimental to Eucidaris tribuloides. Dosing the eggs for only two hours before introducing sperm demonstrated significant reduction in fertilization and larval survivorship. These data suggest that even relatively low and brief exposure to petroleum pollutants can have devastating effects on sea urchin reproductive success. New regulations may need to be considered when determining the safe petroleum concentration in bilge discharge.
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Sadruddin, Sheela. "Optimization of In Vitro Mammalian Blastocyst Development: Assessment of Culture Conditions, Ovarian Stimulation and Experimental Micro-Manipulation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157514/.
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Factors currently at the forefront of human in vitro fertilization (IVF) that collectively influence treatment success in the form of blastocysts development were investigated during early mammalian embryology with concentration on infertile patients presenting with diminished ovarian reserve or preliminary ovarian failure. A novel experimental technique, Graft Transplant-Embryonic Stem Cells (GT-ESC) was introduced in the mouse model, as the first inclusive approach for embryo selection in IVF treatments resulting in successful graft integration of sibling cells, stage-dependent (day 4) blastocysts. E-Cadherin-catenin bonds play an integral role in trophectoderm cell viability and calcium removal, inducing disruption of cell-to-cell bonds at the blastocyst stage was detrimental to continued blastocyst development. One of the leading methods for embryo selection for uterine transfer in human IVF is application of pre-implantation genetic screening (PGS) methods such as next generation sequencing (NGS). Female patients <35 y do not benefit from this treatment when outcome is measured by presence of fetal heart beats at 10 weeks of gestation. Patients 35-37 y benefit from PGS with no significant difference of outcome based on form of PGS method utilized. Therefore, small nucleotide polymorphism array (snp-array) or targeted-NGS should be selected for this age range to lessen the financial burden of the patient. Embryos from women >40 y have a higher rate of mosaic cell lines which can be detected by NGS. Therefore NGS is most beneficial for women >40 y. Additionally, ovarian stimulation of the patient during human IVF can notably influence outcome. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a more conducive indicator of blastocysts development per treatment compared to basal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Actionable variables included in a decision tree analysis determined a negative influence (0% success, n=11) of high dose gonadotropin use (>3325 IUs) in good prognosis patients (>12 mature follicles at trigger, AMH >3.15 ng/mL). A positive relationship exists (80% success, n=11) between poor responders (AMH <1.78 ng/mL, <12 mature follicles at trigger) and high dose gonadotropin use (>3025 IUs). Utilizing the decision tree during IVF treatment can be beneficial to treatment success. Moreover, a parallel relationship of the fundamental principles of culture medium pH, pCO2 and pO2 was found with respect to blastocyst development. Human infertility patients' gametes predisposed to primary stressors (i.e., age, genetics and etiology) are negatively impacted (~30% success, n=7) for cleavage stage (day 3) embryo development when primary culture medium has pCO2 <30mmHg given age >31 y and <14 oocytes retrieved. When day 3 embryo development is measured at >65% good quality embryos per treatment (based on SART grading criteria), blastocysts development success is highest when secondary culture medium pO2 is 69-88 mmHg (~90% success, n=12). Thus, IVF treatment outcome can be optimized with utilization of predictive model analyses in the form of decision trees providing greater success for the IVF laboratories, ultimately decreasing the emotional and financial burden to infertility patients.
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Wang, Yunjing. "Molecular biology of flower development in Viola pubescens, a species with the chasmogamous-cleistogamous mixed breeding system." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1205379431.
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Romar, Andrés Raquel. "Efecto de las células oviductales y del cumulus oophorus sobre diferentes parámetros biológicos relacionados con la fecundación in vitro en la especie porcina." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10854.
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El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en valorar el efecto de las células epiteliales del oviducto porcino y del cumulus oophorus sobre distintos parámetros relacionados con la fecundación in vitro en la especie porcina. Las variables estudiadas fueron el porcentaje de penetración, el número medio de espermatozoides por ovocito, el porcentaje de formación de pronúcleo masculino, el porcentaje de monospermia, el porcentaje de cigotos divididos a las 48 horas postfecundación, el porcentaje de blastocistos, el número medio de núcleos por blastocisto, la resistencia de la zona pelúcida a la digestión con pronasa y la densidad y distribución de los gránulos corticales en los diferentes grupos experimentales.The objective of this experimental work was to study the effect of porcine epithelial oviductal cells and cumulus cells on several parameters related to in vitro fertilization in pigs. Studied variables were rate of penetration, mean number of sperm cells per penetrated oocyte, rate of male pronuclear formation, cleavage rate at 48h postinsemination, blastocyst formation rate, mean number of cells per blastocyst, resistance of zona pellucida to pronase digestion and density and distribution of cortical granules in the different experimental groups.
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Jo, Kyoung Ha Jo. "The sperm centrioles have unique structures and require poc1 for proper formation in Drosophila melanogaster." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1543408971319716.
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Chambers, Jeanne C. "Disturbed Alpine Ecosystems: Seedling Establishment of Early and Late Seral Dominant Species." DigitalCommons@USU, 1987. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6370.
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This study examined the effects of seedbed and seedling environment on establishment of early and late seral dominant alpine species. Species studied included late seral dominant forbs (Geum rossii, Artemisia scopulorum, and Polemonium viscosum), early seral dominant forbs (Potentilla diversifolia and Sibbaldia procumbens), a late seral dominant grass (Festuca idahoensis), and early seral dominant grasses (Calamagrostis purpurascens and Deschampsia cespitosa). Germination responses of each species to wet vs. dry cold stratification and light vs. dark conditions were investigated. No statistical differences were observed in the seed germination of early and late seral dominant forbs or early and late seral dominant grasses, but significant differences were observed in the responses of grasses and forbs. Seed germination of forbs was greater under light than dark conditions and following wet cold storage.
Effects of fertilization on growth responses and nutrient uptake of G. rossii and D. cespitosawere evaluated in a factorial greenhouse experiment in which seedlings of each species were grown at four levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P). The late seral dominant forb responded more like a species from a low-nutrient environment exhibiting lower relative growth rates, higher root:shoot ratios, and a smaller response to N than the early seral dominant.
A field experiment on the Beartooth Plateau, Montana, examined the soil environment and seedling emergence, growth, and survival of seeded early and late seral dominants on loamy sand soils of a severe disturbance and on peat soils of an undisturbed area during two growing seasons. Effects of fertilizer and mulch were examined on the severely disturbed area. Differences between uncleared turf and turf cleared of vegetation (gap disturbance) were evaluated on the undisturbed area. The gap disturbance had higher levels of N and P and warmer soil than the severe disturbance or vegetated undisturbed area. Soil water potentials were never low enough to result in plant stress. Seedling growth was slow - .005 g to .04 g dry weight the first growing season and .02 g to .20 g the second growing season. Growth was greatest on the gap disturbance and on fertilized plots of the severely disturbed area. Early seral dominants had the largest seedlings and the smallest R/R+S ratios. Mortality was low - odds of .50 were rarely exceeded even after two years. Survival was higher on warm, nutrient rich soils of the gap disturbance. Mulch increased emergence and survival on the severe disturbance. Fertilization increased mortality, probably because an initial pulse of N was followed by a rapid decline. Higher mortality occurred in 1986 than 1985 as 1986 had a shorter growing season and cooler air and soil temperatures early in the growing season.
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De, Marchis Hayley. ""The Effects of Ocean Warming and Sedimentation on the Survival and Growth of Acropora cervicornis" and "Differential Prevalence of Chimerism during Embryogenesis in Corals"." NSUWorks, 2017. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/463.
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Part I:
Coral reefs are essential to coastal economies, protecting coastlines from storms, and harboring high biodiversity. However, reefs are declining due to local anthropogenic stressors and ocean warming. Sedimentation, a local stressor, aggravates the impacts of warming on corals and hinders their survival and growth. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether sedimentation and temperature have a synergistic effect on vulnerable coral species, especially during earlier stages of development. To quantify these effects, survival and growth of newly settled Acropora cervicornis corals were measured at two temperatures (29 and 31°C, representing current and predicted for 2050 Summer temperatures) and three sediment concentrations (30, 60 and 120 mg.cm-2, representing a range from natural sedimentation to dredging conditions). The intent of this study was to mix multiple genotypes to test temperature and sedimentation among genotypic unique individuals. However, only 20% of colonies spawned, and spawning was asynchronous by genotype. Therefore, individuals were produced from self-fertilization. The overall high mortality seen in this study suggests that self-fertilization in A. cervicornis does not produce viable juveniles. Although temperature did not have a significant effect on the survival of self-fertilized juveniles, sediment concentration did. The lowest sediment concentration led to the highest juvenile survival in both ambient and heated conditions. The growth of A. cervicornis selfed individuals was not significantly affected by temperature or sedimentation. These results suggest that reducing sedimentation in dredging and coastal construction areas around coral reefs facilitates the survival of Acropora cervicornis juveniles and may help to ensure their persistence in the future. Because self-fertilized larvae were used, these results need to be interpreted with caution, and this research needs to be repeated with outcrossed A. cervicornis. What is clear is that genotypic diversity is needed for A. cervicornis population growth and resilience.
Part II:
Chimeras occur when two or more genetically unique individuals of the same species fuse together. The presence of chimerism can aid in the survival and evolution of organisms. This study investigated whether the prevalence of chimerism differs between coral species of different reproduction modes and growth rates. To fulfill this goal, the surface area of egg and/or larvae of three coral species, Montastraea cavernosa, Acropora cervicornis, and Porites astreoides, were measured and compared with the respective surface areas of the newly settled juveniles. This comparison suggested that M. cavernosa displayed a greater tendency to form chimeras than A. cervicornis and P. astreoides. Observations during embryogenesis confirmed this prediction. Montastraea cavernosa is a slow grower and has the smallest eggs of all three study species. Chimerism during embryogenesis may increase this species’ tendency to start the sessile stage at a slightly bigger size and thus increases its competitive abilities for reef space. In contrast, A. cervicornis is a broadcast spawner, fast grower and has a relatively larger egg size, possibly explaining the reduced chimeric tendency during embryogenesis. It is possible that P. astreoides formed chimeras during embryogenesis within the polyp, but they did not form them in the swimming planulae stage. The lack of chimerism during P. astreoides planulae development may be attributed to its brooding reproductive mode, directly releasing large competent larvae that have large initial sizes at settlement. Therefore, the ability to form chimeras in an early developmental stage might provide an ecological advantage to M. cavernosa that contributes to its abundance in Broward County: the greater size at settlement caused by chimerism during embryogenesis may provide this species a competitive advantage for reef space.
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Pitts, Kelly A. "Early Life History Response of Reef Building Coral, Orbicella faveolata, to Ocean Acidification and Warming." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/490.
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Ocean warming and acidification pose major threats to coral reef organisms. It is unknown how the early life history stages of Atlantic corals cope with the combined effects of these two global environmental stressors. Here, I investigate how these stressors influence the fertilization success, larval survivorship, and settlement of the threatened Atlantic coral, Orbicella faveolata. Gametes from O. faveolata were subjected to a factorial combination of present and future scenarios of oceanic temperatures (28.5° C and 30° C) and pH (8.2 and 8.0) predicted to occur by 2050. Results indicate that treatment type did not significantly affect fertilization success. Elevated temperature caused complete larval mortality and inhibited the settlement of O. faveolata. Interestingly, these negative effects of high temperature were partially mitigated when combined with ocean acidification. Overall, both the larval survivorship and settlement in the combined treatment was reduced to approximately half when compared to ambient treatment. Although ocean acidification may partially mitigate the negative effects of ocean warming during the larval stage, the overall reduced survival and settlement of larvae under future oceanic conditions, coupled to reduced calcification in adults, portends devastating effects on the health of this threatened species.
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Ferguson, Chad D. "Conservation genetics of a near threatened freshwater mussel species (Lampsilis cardium) and improved prospects for recovery: how nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses inform natural history and conservation." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1244144062.
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Couto, Marcelo. "Efeito da temperatura durante a diferenciação de gemas, floração, crescimento e desenvolvimento de frutos em pessegueiro na região de Pelotas, RS." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2006. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2122.
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Previous issue date: 2006-11-27Insufficient chilling accumulation limits the production of peach in subtropical areas. Comparatively this combined with the wide temperature fluctuation during bud differentiation, through the bloom period and fruit growth and development may cause crop losses. Problems with low productivity in southern Rio Grande do Sul often attributed to the mild winter conditions, however, the environmental conditions especially around bloom period to be critical for optimal yields. In subtropical áreas temperature oscillations may cause problems during fertilization with subsequent reduction of fruit set and production instability of some peach cultivars. To better understand the effect of high temperatures on flower differentiation, pre-blooming, blooming, fruit set and fruit development and growth observations were made during the stages of bud differentiation, leafing and blooming, which included pollen production and viability, floral morphology, fruit set and the fruit growth and development. Temperature elevation with the tree was obtained by bagging branches with transparent plastic or with transparent plastic bottles. Plants of two low chilling peach cultivars (200 to 300 hours): Granada and Maciel were used in the years of 2003, 2004 and 2005. Conditions of high temperatures during the period of bud differentiation of Granada and Maciel did not promote the formation of double pistils or any morphologic anomalies. Bagging shoots with transparent plastic bags and plastic bottles is a simple and economical way of increasing the temperature on the branches under field conditions. High temperatures conditions during pre-blooming period advanced and accelerated the flowers anthesis and pistil growth. Flower morphology, regarding pistil length and weight, was not influenced by temperature elevation under experimental conditions. High temperatures during the pre-blooming negatively influenced the fruit set of the peach cultivar Granada. The percentage of in vitro pollen germination was different among cultivars and incubation temperatures. Pollen viability of cultivars Esmeralda, Granada, Jade and Maciel, can be evaluated by in vitro germination in standard culture medium (10% of sucrose + 1% of agar, dissolved in distilled water), three hours after the inoculation, with incubation at 24°C and 28°C. Under high temperatures conditions during the stage I of fruit growth and development of peach cultivars Granada and Maciel, cell division may be accelerated since a larger number of cells was counted in the pericarp tissue.
As horas de frio necessárias às gemas vegetativas e floríferas, quando insuficientes, limitam a produção de pessegueiros nas zonas subtropicais e temperadas brasileiras. A redução na produtividade pode ocorrer também, devido a variações bruscas na temperatura durante os períodos de diferenciação das gemas, préfloração, floração, crescimento e desenvolvimento dos frutos desta espécie. Estas variações de temperatura podem ser uma das causas da instabilidade produtiva de algumas cultivares de pessegueiro. Muito dos problemas que se verificam, após a floração ou mesmo na colheita, como baixa produtividade, atribuídos muitas vezes, apenas às condições de inverno com pouco frio que ocorrem no sul do Rio Grande do Sul, podem ter origem em etapa anterior do desenvolvimento e, muito provavelmente, na diferenciação floral. Com os objetivos de estudar a influência de altas temperaturas sobre diferenciação de gemas, pré-floração, floração, frutificação efetiva, crescimento e desenvolvimento de frutos, foram realizadas observações no avanço dos estádios de diferenciação das gemas, épocas de brotação e floração, testes de viabilidade e produção de pólen. Foram, ainda, feitas observações na morfologia e biologia floral, frutificação efetiva, crescimento e desenvolvimento dos frutos. A elevação da temperatura foi proporcionada com a utilização de casas de plástico ou através do ensacamento dos ramos com mangas de plástico transparente ou garrafas de plástico. Foram utilizadas plantas de duas cultivares comerciais de pessegueiro de baixa necessidade de frio (200 a 300 horas): Granada e Maciel em 2003, 2004 e 2005. Não há a formação de pistilos duplos ou quaisquer anomalias morfológicas mesmo sob temperaturas maiores que 25°C durante o período de diferenciação das gemas das cultivares de pessegueiro Granada e Maciel. Há diferenças entre cultivares e entre temperaturas de incubação quanto à porcentagem de germinação do pólen in vitro. A viabilidade do pólen das cultivares de pessegueiro testadas (Esmeralda, Granada, Jade e Maciel) pode ser avaliada por germinação in vitro em meio de cultura padrão (10% de sacarose + 1% de agar, dissolvidos em água destilada), três horas após a inoculação, com incubação a 24°C e 28°C. Ensacamento de ramos com plástico transparente ou com garrafas de plástico, é uma forma simples e econômica de aumentar a temperatura junto aos ramos das plantas, em condições de campo, sendo mais efetivo que o uso de estufas de plástico. Conclui-se que em condições de temperaturas elevadas, durante a pré-floração, ocorre a antecipação da antese das flores para as cultivares Granada e Maciel. A morfologia das flores, em relação ao comprimento e ao peso dos pistilos, não é influenciada pela elevação da temperatura nas condições experimentais utilizadas. Temperaturas elevadas durante a pré-floração, influenciam negativamente na frutificação efetiva da cultivar de pessegueiro Granada. Em condições de temperaturas, elevadas durante o estádio I de crescimento e desenvolvimento dos frutos, para as cultivares de pessegueiro Granada e Maciel, há uma tendência de formação de um maior número de células do pericarpo, o que ampliaria o potencial da produção de frutos com maior tamanho.
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McCarrey, Sariah Cottrell. "Personhood and Cloning: Modern Applications and Ethics of Stem Cell and Cloning Technology." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4170.
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Within many communities and religions, including the LDS community, there is some controversy surrounding the use of stem cells – particularly embryonic stem cells (ESC). Much of this controversy arises from confusion and misconceptions about what stem cells actually are, where they come from , and when life begins. The theology of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has interesting implications for the last of these considerations, and it becomes less a question of “when does life begin” and more an exploration of “when does personhood begin” or “when does the spirit enter the body.” With no official Church stance, statements from Church leaders vary on this topic, and this first section of the thesis explores the philosophical and practical meaning of personhood with a biological background intended for those not familiar with the origin or uses of stem cells.The second portion of the thesis explores possible cloning technologies. Recent events and advances address the possibility of cloning endangered and extinct species. The ethics of these types of cloning have considerations uniquely different from the type of cloning commonly practiced. Cloning of cheetahs (and other endangered or vulnerable species) may be ethically appropriate, given certain constraints. However, the ethics of cloning extinct species varies; for example, cloning mammoths and Neanderthals is more ethically problematic than conservation cloning, and requires more attention. Cloning Neanderthals in particular is likely unethical and such a project should not be undertaken. It is important to discuss and plan for the constraints necessary to mitigate the harms of conservation and extinct cloning, and it is imperative that scientific and public discourse enlighten and guide actions in the sphere of cloning.
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Heubes, Simone. "The AAA-ATPase p97 in mitosis and fertilization." Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-76361.
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