Academic literature on the topic 'Fertilizer. eng'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fertilizer. eng"
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Yang, Z. D. "The Research on Adaptive Control Modeling of a Liquid Fertilizer Spreader." Engineering 02, no. 02 (2010): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2010.22016.
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Patuk, Iaroslav, Hideo Hasegawa, Igor Borodin, Andrew C. Whitaker, and Piotr F. Borowski. "Simulation for Design and Material Selection of a Deep Placement Fertilizer Applicator for Soybean Cultivation." Open Engineering 10, no. 1 (August 12, 2020): 733–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0082.
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AbstractThe optimal design of a subsoiler implement is a complex work that includes optimal design, material properties, structural reliability, random variables, soil properties, soil tillage equipment, and optimum safety measures. The main objectives of this study were to design and simulate the deep placement fertilizer applicator (DPFA) by using the finite element method (FEM). FEM simulation software was used to select the optimum material properties and improve the safety factor by considering a range of loads on DPFA. Three applied forces in a static simulation (4500, 5000 and 6000 N) were considered as were three application depths of fertilizers (0.15, 0.20, and 0.25 m), to improve the safety measures of the design. The simulation results showed that the best material property for DPFA is the AISI 4135 QT carbon steel materials. This yields a high strength of 780MPa and an ultimate tensile strength of 950 MPa (Young’s Modulus of 207 GPa and with Poisson’s Ratio of 0.33). The static simulation for 6000 N shows that the DPFA model had a maximum stress and strain of 379.9 MPa and 25.6×10−4 mm/mm respectively, with a contact pressure of 207 MPa, and a maximum displacement of 3.1 mm. The study results can provide theoretical and technical support for the development of agricultural tools, especially for DPFA in selecting optimum material properties and improving safety factors.
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Jodar, J. R., N. Ramos, J. A. Carreira, R. Pacheco, and A. Fernández-Hernández. "Quality assessment of compost prepared with municipal solid waste." Open Engineering 7, no. 1 (November 4, 2017): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2017-0028.
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AbstractOne way that helps maintain the sustainability of agro-ecosystems land is the application of compost from municipal solid waste as fertilizer, because it can recover the nutrients contained in them, minimizing the negative impact on the environment. Composting as a method for preparing organic fertilizers and amendments is economically and ecologically sound and may well represent an acceptable solution for disposing of municipal solid waste. In the present work, the quality of compost is studied made from municipal solid waste; the content of mineral nutrients: potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, zinc, manganese, cupper, iron, nickel, chromium and lead has been investigated. The objective was to evaluate the changes in mineral nutrient concentration during the composting process. The compost was prepared in a pilot-plant using the turning-pile system. Temperature was used as a monitoring parameter to follow the composting progress, which underwent the typical trend of municipal solid waste composting mixtures. The results showed a similar evolution on the content of mineral nutrients of the mixture of municipal solid waste. This evolution originated in a mature compost (end sample) with an adequate content of mineral elements and physical-chemical characteristics for its use in agriculture. So, the use of compost of municipal solid waste represents an important tool for fertilization requirements for its use in agriculture.
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Susilowati, Lolita Endang, and Bambang Hari Kusumo. "Sosialisasi Pemupukan Berimbang Spesifik Lokasi Untuk Tanaman Jagung Di Kabupaten Dompu." Jurnal Gema Ngabdi 1, no. 3 (November 29, 2019): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jgn.v1i3.21.
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Farmers' understanding of how to fertilize efficiently and effectively is not yet fully mastered. Most farmers often fertilize crops beyond the recommended dosage. This community service aims to (1) increase farmers' understanding and knowledge of the quality of fertilizers and balanced fertilization technology to achieve the use of fertilizers that are relatively efficient, (2) disseminating balanced fertilization technology with the correct rules. This activity was started with an explanation of fertilizer and balanced fertilization technology, then continued with a balanced fertilization demonstration in Mumbu Village, Woja Subdistrict Dompu District in the planting season of MK 1 in 2018. As the target partner was the Bina Baru Farmer group, Mumbu Village, Woja Subdistrict, Dompu District and as a working partner is a local agricultural extension agent (PPL). The community service team acts as a facilitator, while the local PPL is tasked with assisting the farmers' demonstration activities. This community service activity uses a participatory approach starting from the beginning to the end of the activity in making decisions. The results of community service activities show as follows (1) there is an increase in farmers' understanding of the quality of fertilizers and determination of fertilizer application based on fertilizer quality in applying the site-specific balanced fertilization concept and (2) mastering the application of balanced fertilizer application technology with the 5 T. rule. The application of proven balanced fertilization technology can increase yields from 9 tons per ha (how to fertilize farmers) to 12 tons per ha
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Driessche, R. van den. "Nursery growth of conifer seedlings using fertilizers of different solubilities and application time, and their forest growth." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-027.
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Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) (Franco) and white spruce (Piceaglauca) (Moench) Voss) seedlings were grown in a bare-root nursery for two growing seasons with one of four fertilizers, Osmocote (17-7-12) (OSM), ammonium phosphate (11-55-0) (AMP), ammonium sulphate (21-0-0) (AMS), or Hi-Sol (20-20-20) (HIS), each supplying one of three levels of N: 0, 210, or 350 kg N ha−1, at two different frequencies throughout the growing seasons. Fertilizers, levels, and frequencies were arranged in a factorial design and replicated in three blocks on each species. Additionally, Douglas-fir seedlings that had been grown for two seasons without fertilization were treated with the same amounts, as supplied over two seasons, of AMP, AMS, and HIS between 1 September and 20 October, as a late-season treatment. After two seasons, mean dry weight differences due to fertilizers were, for Douglas-fir seedlings: AMP > AMS > HIS = OSM, and for white spruce seedlings: AMS = AMP > HIS > OSM. Dry weight was increased by increasing level of fertilizer. Fertilization increased shoot growth compared with root growth and resulted in seedlings having more dry matter in stems and less in needles at the end of two seasons. Dry weight of 2-0 white spruce was correlated with soil pH (r2 = 0.61) NO3 (r2 = 0.57), and P (r2 = 0.34) measured in September of the first growing season, indicating that fertilizers affected growth by their influence on these factors. Measurements made at planting showed late-season fertilized Douglas-fir had higher N and P tissue concentrations than growing-season fertilized trees. On average late-season fertilized trees had 6% higher survival than growing-season fertilized trees after planting in the forest. Survival appeared related to needle N concentration at planting, with maximum survival occurring at about 2.1% N. Height and stem volume relative growth rates were higher for late-season fertilized trees, although growing-season fertilized trees were still 9% taller than late-season fertilized trees after three seasons in the forest. Results suggested that fertilizer solubility was not as important for nursery growth as fertilizer composition, and its effect on soil pH, and that late-season fertilized stock might outperform growing-season fertilized stock in the forest.
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Kostadinov, Kostadin, Stoyan Filipov, Radoslav Chipilski, and Nadezhda Shopova. "Technologies Protecting the Environment in Urban Areas." E3S Web of Conferences 259 (2021): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125901008.
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Global warming is the leading cause of the extreme meteorological events increase in the last three decades. Increase of annual average air temperature and temperature values during winter and early spring has been recorded in comparison to the (1961-1990) referent period in Plovdiv region. The lettuce development was researched in a greenhouse in the Agricultural University- Plovdiv. During the lettuce growth six different variants were used: no fertilizer, one chemical, and four organic fertilizers. The effect of the different organic fertilizers was studied through specific physiological parameters and productivity. This paper analyzed changes in functional activity of the plant photosynthetic apparatus and productivity of variants with different fertilizers in an unheated greenhouse. The ratio between photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and quantum yield (qY-Fv/Fm) of PS II was determined to be more optimal in dark-adapted leaves for the organic fertilizer variants, compared to the no fertilizer variant. The lower and significant difference was observed in the values of the minimal fluorescence Fo in reaction centers of PS II after the dark-adaptation of leaves for organic fertilizer variants compared to the no fertilizer variant. Higher values of chlorophyll content index (CCI) were estimated for organic and chemical fertilizers compared to the no fertilizer variant. All variants fertilized with organic and biofertilizers comply with the quality standard from the beginning to the end of harvesting.
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Zaniewicz-Bajkowska, Anna, Jolanta Franczuk, and Edyta Kosterna. "Effect of foliar feeding on yield and fruit quality of three melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars." Folia Horticulturae 21, no. 2 (December 1, 2009): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2013-0139.
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Abstract The effect of foliar feeding with two fluid multicomponent fertilizers was investigated: Florovit and Ekolist Warzywa + Urea on the yield and quality of three medium-fruit-size melon cultivars (‘Charentais F1’, ‘Melba’, ‘Fiesta’). Weather conditions in the consecutive years of the study had a significant influence on the yield level and quality of fruit. A higher yield of better quality was achieved in the years 2005 and 2007. That period was characterised by relatively high air temperature and low rainfall towards the end of the growing period of melon. The fertilizers applied in the experiment significantly influenced melon yielding. The plants fertilized with Ekolist Warzywa + Urea provided a higher marketable yield of melon fruit than the plants fertilized with Florovit. When applied, this fertilizer also caused an increase in flesh thickness and fruit flavour as compared with Florovit feeding. Foliar feeding with both studied patterns increased the average fruit weight and number of marketable fruit as compared to the non-fertilized treatment. Among the studied cultivars, ‘Fiesta’ gave the highest marketable yield and the best quality fruit.
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Moore, James A., Zhaofei Fan, and Bahman Shafii. "Effect of Root-Plug Incorporated Controlled-Release Fertilizer on Two-Year Growth and Survival of Planted Ponderosa Pine Seedlings." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 17, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/17.4.216.
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Abstract Three controlled-release fertilizers (fast release [FR], moderate release [MR], and slow release [SR]) were incorporated in the root plug at rates of 0.8, 1.6, or 3.2 g/seedling at the time of sowing as supplements to nursery supplied soluble fertilizer. Effects on seedling growth, survival, and foliar nutrient status of the “160/90” container ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) were evaluated after outplanting. At the end of the second growing season, fertilized seedlings had significantly greater diameter and height than unfertilized seedlings. The 3.2 g of MR or SR fertilizer treatments produced significantly higher mortality (55 and 36%, respectively) than the controls. The fast release fertilizer included at a rate of 0.8 g in each seedling's container was the preferred treatment since it produced good survival and seedling growth response. A 2-yr growth response of about 25% was similar to that observed in a nearby study using adjacent placement of controlled-release fertilizer after planting ponderosa pine seedlings. West. J. Appl. For. 17(4):216–219.
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Coolong, Timothy, Andre Luiz Biscaia Ribeiro da Silva, and Justin Shealey. "Fertilizer Program Impacts Yield and Blossom End Rot in Bell Pepper." HortTechnology 29, no. 2 (April 2019): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04249-18.
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High-value vegetable crops such as bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) are heavily fertilized by growers who seek to maximize yields. Field experiments were conducted in Spring 2016 and 2017 evaluating two liquid fertilizers with and without calcium (Ca), applied at three nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) levels in two varieties of bell pepper to determine whether current fertilizer recommendations were adequate and whether fertilizer source impacted fruit yield and quality. Plants were grown using plastic mulch and drip irrigation following standard production practices for the region. Two liquid fertilizer programs [7N–0P–5.8 (7–0–7) and 4N–0P–6.6K/9N–0P–0K–11Ca (4–0–8/CN9)] were applied twice weekly at three N rates (175, 200, and 225 lb/acre N). Yield, cull rate, and foliar nutrient concentrations were measured. In 2016, total marketable yields were greatest [910 boxes/acre (28 lb/box)] and blossom end rot (BER) incidence (14.4%) lowest in plants grown with the supplemental Ca (4–0–8/C9 fertilizer) at 175 lb/acre N. Cull rates increased in plants grown without supplemental Ca during the season (7–0–7 fertilizer), with BER incidence ranging from 22.9% to 27.2%. Yields ranged from 590 to 740 boxes/acre in plants grown without supplemental Ca in 2016. In 2017, yields ranged from 530 to 790 boxes/acre in plants grown with supplemental Ca at 200 and 175 lb/acre N, respectively. Culls due to BER were lower in 2017 than in 2016. In 2016, BER incidence was greater in ‘PSO9979325’ compared with ‘Antebellum’, despite no differences in total yield. Foliar nutrient levels were largely unaffected by fertilizer program; however, foliar N and K concentrations increased with the rate of N and K fertilization. The results of this study suggest that using liquid fertilizer program containing some Ca may benefit bell pepper growers in some, but not all, growing seasons.
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Dunlap, Layla J., Jeremiah R. Pinto, and Anthony S. Davis. "Effects of Fertilizer on Media Chemistry and Red-flowering Currant Seedling Growth Using a Subirrigation System." HortScience 53, no. 12 (December 2018): 1862–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13444-18.
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Water conservation in nursery systems is an ever-increasing focus, yet there is relatively little guidance for growers producing seedlings intended for restoration regarding how practices such as subirrigation influence plant growth in the nursery and after outplanting. Our study investigated red-flowering currant (Ribes sanguineum Pursh) seedling development and early field performance using different fertilizer treatments under a subirrigation regime. Plants were fertilized with 1) incorporated organic fertilizer, 2) incorporated controlled-release fertilizer, 3) top-dressed controlled-release fertilizer, or 4) water-soluble fertilizer. We found that seedlings grown with organic fertilizer used significantly less water than all other treatments. Media electrical conductivity (EC) levels were significantly greater in the organic fertilizer treatment, and EC values in the top portion of the media were significantly greater than the middle or bottom portions for all fertilizer treatments. The remaining subirrigation water at the end of 22 weeks held 17% of applied nitrogen (N) from the water-soluble fertilizer treatment and less than 1% of applied N from the other fertilizer treatments. We observed no differences in plant morphology among fertilizer treatments. Seedlings were subsequently out-planted into low- and high-competition treatments, where myriad factors indicated reduced growth among high-competition compared with low-competition plots, highlighting that competition for soil water limited seedling performance. These results indicate that a variety of fertilizers can be used to grow red-flowering currant under subirrigation and that postplanting growth is enhanced with control of competing vegetation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fertilizer. eng"
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Oliveira, Marcus Vinicius Araujo Mello de 1976. "Uniformidade de distribuição temporal e espacial do KCL na fertirrigação, em um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93810.
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Orientador: Roberto Lyra Villas BôasBanca: João Carlos Cury Saad
Banca: Tarlei Arriel Brotel
Resumo: As vantagens advindas do uso da fertirrigação para a agricultura brasileira esbarram na ausência de trabalhos que busquem trazer informações sobre muitos aspectos relacionados à técnica. O presente trabalho, conduzido na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP, procura diminuir essa carência de conhecimento comparando três injetores de fertilizante em condições de campo, encontrando e indicando o menor tempo possível para injeção de fertilizantes em um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento. O experimento foi instalado na área de experimentação do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da referida faculdade, localizada no município de Botucatu - SP, ocupando uma área de 0,7 ha. O sistema de irrigação foi dimensionado buscando simular um setor de um pomar de citros, composto basicamente por um cabeçal de controle, uma linha principal, uma linha de derivação e seis linhas laterais com 200 m de comprimento cada. Os equipamentos utilizados para injeção de fertilizantes foram: um injetor venturi, uma bomba dosificadora elétrica e uma bomba dosificadora hidráulica proporcional. Como forma de estudar a distribuição espacial e temporal do íon potássio no sistema de irrigação, quatro tempos de injeção foram escolhidos: 10, 15, 20 e 25 minutos; sendo recolhidas amostras de solução em diferentes momentos durante e após a injeção do produto. As amostras coletadas tiveram seu teor de K determinado, via fotometria de chama, com a finalidade de inferir-se a uniformidade de distribuição do íon nos diferentes tratamentos. Concluiu-se que quanto menor a distância percorrida pelo fertilizante e mais longo o tempo de injeção, maior é a uniformidade de distribuição. Os injetores utilizados não apresentaram diferença estatística quanto uniformidade de aplicação de fertilizantes...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The advantages of fertigation use for Brazilian agriculture encounter a lack of works with information about this technique. The objective of this was to supply the lack of knowledge comparing three fertilizers injection in field conditions. The results indicated the smallest possible time for injection of fertilizers in a trickle irrigation system. The experiment was carried out in the area of experimentation of the Department of Rural Engineering of Faculty of Agronomic Sciences - UNESP, in Botucatu - SP, with an area of 0,7 ha. The irrigation system was designed searching into simulate a citrus orchard, composed basically for head control, a main line, a derivation line and six lateral lines with 200 m of length each. The equipment used for injection of fertilizers were: a venturi injector, an electric pump and a proportional hydraulic pump. Four times, 10, 15, 20 and 25 minutes, of injection were chosen to study the space and temporary distribution of the ion potassium in the irrigation system,:. The solution samples were picked up in different moments during and after the injection of the product. The contents of K were measured in the samples, using flame fotometric, with the purpose of determining the uniformity of distribution of ion in different treatments. The results showed that as much as shorter the distance and as much as longer the injection time, better is the uniformity of distribution. There was no difference in uniformity of distribution of potassium among the used injectors...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
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Chiconato, Denise Aparecida. "Incorporação de biofertilizante no solo sob dois níveis de irrigação e em dois ambientes distintos no desenvolvimento da planta de alface /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96821.
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Orientador: João Antonio GalbiattiBanca: José Eduardo Pitelli Turco
Banca: Emerson Fachini
Resumo: Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do biofertilizante bovino e da irrigação em plantas de alface, para uma possível substituição de fertilizantes minerais por orgânicos e, ainda, diminuição de água para irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido em dois ambientes distintos: campo e ambiente protegido, em área experimental pertencente ao Departamento de Engenharia Rural da FCAV/UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, esquema fatorial 6x2, sendo 6 adubações (4 doses crescentes de biofertilizante bovino: 60, 90, 120 e 150m3ha-1 e duas testemunhas: sem adubação e adubação mineral) e 2 lâminas de irrigação (80 e 100% da evapotranspiração de referência) em 4 blocos, utilizando-se a cultura da alface (Lactuca sativa L.). As variáveis analisadas foram altura, diâmetro da cabeça, clorofila, número de folhas, matéria fresca e matéria seca da parte aérea da planta. Foi realizada a análise da variância pelo teste F, a comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05) e a regressão polinomial. O experimento de campo foi o que demonstrou resultados mais expressivos em relação à adubação orgânica. É possível obter uma produção satisfatória da planta de alface com biofertilizantes. A dose de biofertilizante recomendada para esse experimento é a de 90m3ha-1 e a melhor irrigação a de 80% da evapotranspiração. No ambiente protegido não houve significância em relação às adubações. Para a irrigação, a lâmina de água recomendada é a de 100% da evapotranspiração de referência
Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate the effects of bovine biofertilizer and irrigation in lettuce for a possible replacement for organic fertilizers, and also decrease of water for irrigation. The experiment was conducted in two distinct environments: field and greenhouse in the experimental area of the Department of Rural Engineering FCAV / UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP. The experimental design was randomized blocks, factorial scheme 6x2, 6 fertilizers (4 increasing doses of bovine biofertilizer: 60, 90, 120 and 150m3ha-1 and two witnesses: without fertilizer and mineral fertilizer) and two irrigation levels (80 and 100% of reference evapotranspiration) in four blocks, using the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The variables analyzed were: height, head diameter, chlorophyll, leaf number, fresh weight and dry weight of plant tops. Was performed by analysis of variance F test comparison of means by Tukey test (p <0.05) and polynomial regression. The field experiment demonstrated the most significant results in relation to fertilization. Is can obtain a satisfactory production of lettuce plant with biofertilizers. The biofertilizer dose recommended for this experiment is to 90m3ha-1 and the best irrigation 80% of evapotranspiration. In the greenhouse there was no significance in relation to fertilization. For irrigation, the recommended is for 100% of reference evapotranspiration
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Fenólio, Luiz Gonzaga. "Efeito de diferentes águas e fertilizantes foliares em caldas acaricidas no controle do ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) em citros /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91371.
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Orientador: Marcelo da Costa FerreiraBanca: Carlos Amadeu Leite de Oliveira
Banca: José Roberto Scarpellini
Resumo: O ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis é considerado uma das principais pragas dos citros, por ser vetor do CiLV "Citrus Leprosis Virus", agente causal da doença leprose do citros, uma das doenças de maior importância na citricultura brasileira. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência de alguns parâmetros qualitativos da água, no controle químico com os acaricidas cyhexatin, propargite e acrinathrin, adicionando-se ainda diferentes sais nutricionais na forma dos fertilizantes foliares cloreto de zinco, cloreto de manganês, fosfito de potássio, sulfato de magnésio e uréia nas respectivas misturas, aplicando-se sobre o ácaro B. phoenicis. Na primeira parte do trabalho, foi utilizada água do açude principal do Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP, tendo sido realizados três experimentos, com 9 tratamentos e 4 repetições cada um, de ação indireta das caldas sobre o acarino, no Laboratório de Acarologia do Departamento de Fitossanidade da UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP. Na segunda parte do trabalho, utilizou-se águas dos municípios paulistas de Pirassununga, Pirangi e Itápolis, foram realizados dois experimentos, com 27 tratamentos e 4 repetições cada um. As águas utilizadas nos experimentos, foram analisadas isoladamente e após as diferentes misturas, o pH, a condutividade elétrica, a temperatura e o oxigênio dissolvido. Nas duas partes do trabalho, cada fruto de laranja foi considerado uma repetição. Os frutos utilizados mo primeiro trabalho, não receberam qualquer tratamento com produto fitossanitário nos 6 meses que antecederam o experimento, e, os frutos utilizados no segundo trabalho, não receberam qualquer tratamento fitossanitário nos 13 meses que antecederam o experimento. As doses dos produtos utilizados nos tratamentos, foram expressos em mL de produto comercial por 100 L de água: cyhexatin a 50 mL; propargite a 100 mL; acrinathrin a 10 mL conforme recomendação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The mite Brevipalpus phoenicis is considered a major pest of citrus because it is vector CiLV "Citrus Virus Lepers, causal agent of citrus leprous, one of the most important diseases in citrus Brazil. Purpose to evaluate the influence some qualitative parameters of water, chemical control with acaricides cyhexatin, propargite and acrinathrin, adding yet different nutrient salts in the form of leaf fertilizer zinc chloride, manganese chloride, potassium phosphite, magnesium sulfate and urea in their mixtures, applying on the mite B. phoenicis. The first part of the work used in the pond water Main Campus of Jaboticabal, having performed three experiments with 9 treatments and 4 replicates each, direct action on the tails of the mite in the Laboratory of Acarology the Fitossanidade Department of UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP. The second part of this work, we used the waters of the counties of Pirassununga, Pirangi and Itápolis, two experiments were conducted with 27 treatments and 4 replicates um. As waters used in experiments were analyzed separately and after the different mixtures, pH, electrical conductivity, temperature and oxygen dissolved. The two pieces of work, each orange fruit was considered a fruit used repetition. The first work, received no treatment with plant protection product in the 6 months prior to the experiment, and fruit used in the second study, received no treatment plant in the 13 months preceding the trial. The doses of products used in treatments were expressed as ml of commercial product per 100 L of water: cyhexatin to 50 mL; propargite to 100 mL, 10 mL acrinathrin as recommended by the manufacturer and a control without aplication. The second part of the work has not used the product cyhexatin because information from the manufacturer that the same would no longer be marketed in Brasil. Orange used with symptoms of the disease... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Xavier, Cristiane de Almeida Neves. "Caldo de cana-de-açúcar na biodigestão anaeróbia com dejetos de vacas em lactação sob diferentes dietas /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104902.
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Orientador: Jorge de Lucas JuniorBanca: Mauro Dal Secco de Oliveira
Banca: Roberto Alves de Oliveira
Banca: Mônica Sarolli Silva de Mendonça Costa
Banca: Giovana Tommaso
Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar a adição de caldo de cana-de-açúcar em substratos contendo dejetos de vacas em lactação submetidos à biodigestão anaeróbia (BA) em biodigestores batelada e contínuos, para aumento da produção de biogás. Avaliaram-se as produções e qualidade do biogás e dos biofertilizantes. Parâmetros como pH, alcalinidade, redução de sólidos totais (ST) e sólidos voláteis (SV), potenciais de produção de biogás e de metano por unidade de ST e SV adicionados, SV reduzidos e de dejetos foram analisados. Realizaram-se ensaios preliminares de doses de caldo de cana-de-açúcar (CCA) a serem adicionados nos dejetos e de quantificação e caracterização dos dejetos produzidos por vacas da raça Holandesa em lactação que receberam dietas contendo diferentes volumosos. Menores produções diárias de dejetos foram de vacas que receberam cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com cal hidratada na dieta, com média de 26,60 kg, contendo o dobro de cálcio em relação aos dejetos oriundos das demais dietas. Os dejetos foram submetidos à BA segundo as dietas e, naqueles dejetos de vacas que receberam cana-de-açúcar, foram adicionados 6% de CCA. Os ensaios mostraram que 6% de CCA em dejetos de animais que receberam cana-de-açúcar in natura, aumentaram a produção de biogás em até 42,03 e 44,89%, em biodigestores batelada e contínuo, respectivamente. Dejetos oriundos de dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar in natura e hidrolisada, com 6% de CCA, produziram 0,254 e 0,262 L de CH4 g-1 de SV adicionados em biodigestores batelada, respectivamente. Dejetos oriundos de dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar in natura, com 6% de CCA, produziram 0,208 L de CH4 g-1 de SV adicionados em biodigestores contínuos. Nesses biodigestores as dietas fornecidas aos animais e o uso de CCA nos dejetos não influenciaram os teores de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio nos biofertilizantes, com médias de 2,60; 1,99 e 2,09%, respectivamente.
Abstract: The aim of this work was evaluate the sugarcane juice addition on substrates containing dairy cow manure submitted to anaerobic digestion (AD) under batch and continuous digesters, in order to increase biogas production. The production and quality of biogas and fertilizers were evaluated. Parameters such as pH, alkalinity, total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) reduction, biogas production by added TS and added VS, reduced VS and manure were evaluated. Doses of sugarcane juice (SJ) were evaluated in preliminary trials. The quantification and characterization of manure produced by lactating Holstein cows receiving diets containing different forages was evaluated. Lower daily manure production from cows that received hydrolyzed sugarcane (hydrated lime) in the diet, average 26.60 kg, with a doubling of calcium in relation to manure from the other diets. The manure was submitted to AD according to the diets. Manure from cows feed with sugarcane, had 6% of the SJ addition on it. The trials showed that 6% of SJ was able to increase biogas. The biogas production increased up to 42.03 and 44.89% in batch and continuous digester, respectively. Manure from diets containing in nature and hydrolyzed sugarcane, with 6% of SJ, produced 0.254 and 0.262 L CH4 g-1 added VS in continuous digester. In such digesters, the diets and the use of SJ in the manure did not affect the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilizers, the means were 2.60, 1.99 and 2.09%, respectively.
Doutor
5
Antunes, Cristiane Leite 1973. "Fontes e modos de aplicação de potássio na alface americana (Lactuca sativa cv. Lucy Brown) em ambiente protegido /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103431.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Antonio de Pádua SousaBanca: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas
Banca: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes
Banca: Tarlei Arriel Botrel
Banca: Sebastião Ferreira de Lima
Resumo: Foi conduzido um experimento no Departamento de Engenharia Rural FCA/UNESP, Campus de Botucatu - SP, o qual teve por objetivo avaliar fontes de potássio em cobertura, aplicadas via água de irrigação (fertirrigação) e no manejo convencional (adubo sólido sobre a terra), na alface americana (Lactuca sativa L) cv. 'Lucy Brown', sob ambiente protegido. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com fatorial 3 x 2, e 5 repetições, em vasos nos quais foram transplantadas as mudas, que receberam os seguintes tratamentos: SK1- sulfato de potássio em fertirrigação, SK2- sulfato de potássio convencional, CK3- cloreto de potássio em fertirrigação, CK4- cloreto de potássio convencional, NK5- nitrato de potássio em fertirrigação, NK6- nitrato de potássio convencional, utilizando-se a dose calculada para elevar o teor de K no solo para 3 mmol de K.dm-3. Os tratamentos receberam dosagem fixa de 180kg.ha-1 de N, na forma de nitrato de cálcio, que foi dividida em 8 aplicações de cobertura, enquanto o parcelamento da adubação potássica se realizou em 16 aplicações para os tratamentos SK1; CK3 e NK5 e em 4 aplicações de cobertura (0, 15, 30, 45 dias, após o transplante) para os tratamentos SK2; CK4 e NK6. O sistema de irrigação utilizado foi por gotejamento e o manejo foi realizado em função da reposição de 75% da evapotranspiração do tanque Classe A. Não houve diferença significativa entre as fontes de fertilizante potássico utilizadas para os parâmetros relativos à produção, apenas para a qualificação da compacidade da "cabeça", tendo o nitrato de potássio apresentado tendência de superioridade das médias. Houve diferença significativa para o manejo da adubação empregado com superioridade da fertirrigação para todos os parâmetros avaliados, tendo o cloreto de potássio apresentado diferença significativa para...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: An experiment was carried in the Department of Rural Engineering FCA/UNESP, Campus of Botucatu - SP, which had for objective to evaluate potassium sources in covering, applied through drip fertigation and in the conventional method (sidedress each 15 days), in the crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) cv. ' Lucy Brown ", under protected atmosphere. The experimental drawing was complete randomized in a factorial scheme 3 x 2 and 5 repetitions, in vases us which the mute persons were transplanted, that received the following treatments: SK1 - potassium sulfate in fertirrigação, SK2 - sulfate of conventional potassium, CK3 - potassium chloride in fertirrigação, CK4 - chloride of conventional potassium, NK5 - potassium nitrate in fertirrigação, NK6 - nitrate of conventional potassium, the dose calculated to elevate the text of K in the soil for 3 mmol of K.dm-3 being used. The treatments received fixed doses of 180 kg.ha-1 of N, in the form of nitrate of calcium, that was divided in 8 covering applications, while the parceling of the adubation potassium took place in 16 applications for the treatments SK1; CK3 and NK5 and in 4 covering applications (0, 15, 30 and 45 days after the transplant) for the treatments SK2; CK4 and NK6. The used irrigation system was for leak and the handling was accomplished in function of the replacement of 75% of tank class A of the evapotranspiration. There was not significant difference among the sources of fertilizer potassium used for the relative parameters to the production, just for the qualification of the compactness of the " head ", tends the nitrate of potassium presented tendency of superiority of the averages. There was significant difference for the adubation employee's handling with superiority of the fertigation for all the appraised parameters, tends the chloride of potassium presented significant difference inside...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
6
Souza, Henrique Antunes. "Uso agronômico do subproduto da indústria processadora de goiabas /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105200.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: William NataleBanca: Danilo Eduardo Rozane
Banca: Silvia Helena Modonese Gorla da Silva
Banca: Luiz Antonio Junqueira Teixeira
Banca: José Frederico Centurion
Resumo: A utilização do subproduto da indústria de processamento de goiabas poderia substituir parcialmente a adubação mineral, tendo em vista o relativamente elevado teor de nutrientes contidos neste subproduto, diminuindo os impactos ambientais de seu acúmulo e reduzindo os custos de produção nas áreas frutícolas. Dada à escassez de informações na literatura e a importância do manejo adequado de subprodutos orgânicos na agricultura, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da aplicação do subproduto em um Argissolo, determinando-se as alterações químicas provocadas no solo, no estado nutricional das goiabeiras e na produção de frutos. O delineamento empregado foi em blocos casualizados, com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo as doses do subproduto (moído) iguais a: zero, 9, 18, 27 e 36 t ha-1 (peso seco) e mais dois tratamentos adicionais sendo a utilização do subproduto não moído (na dose de 18 t ha-1) e a recomendação de adubos minerais. Foram feitas aplicações em: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 e 2010. Com o incremento das doses houve aumento nas concentrações de N, P e Mn no solo, além de decréscimo no valor pH; houve, também, elevação dos teores foliares de N, Mg e Mn; incremento no índice SPAD, no teor de clorofila b nas folhas e na produção de frutos; houve, ainda, aumento no teor de N e decréscimo no teor de Ca nos frutos, além do aumento da exportação de N e K. As doses do subproduto não influenciaram os atributos de pós-colheita dos frutos. Os macronutrientes mais exportados foram: K>N>P>S>Mg>Ca e, micronutrientes foram: Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>B. A aplicação do subproduto não moído (sementes não trituradas) pode ser uma opção, apresentando resultados satisfatórios. A adubação com o subproduto da indústria processadora de goiabas em pomar de goiabeiras mostrou-se potencialmente viável
Abstract: The use of byproduct processing industry guavas could partially replace chemical fertilizers, in view of the relatively high content of nutrients in the residue, reducing the environmental impacts of their accumulation and reducing production costs in the areas of fruit. Considering the scarcity of information in literature and the importance of proper management of organic residue in agriculture aimed to evaluate the effects of the byproduct in an Hapludults, determining the chemical changes induced in the soil, nutritional status and yield of guava fruit. The experimental design was randomized blocks with seven treatments and four replications, the doses of the byproduct equal to zero, 9, 18, 27 and 36 t ha-1 (dry weight) plus two additional treatments, one using of byproduct not crushed (equal 18 t ha-1) and other the recommendation of mineral fertilizers. The applications were made in: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010. The increase of doses increased concentrations of N, P and Mn in the soil, decrease the pH, there was also increase foliar content of N, Mg and Mn, an increase the SPAD index, chlorophyll content b in leaves and fruit yield, also increase N content and decrease Ca content in fruits, in addition to increased export of N and K. The doses of the residue did not affect the attributes of post-harvest fruit. Macronutrients were exported more K>N>P>S>Mg>Ca, and micronutrients were: Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>B. The application of residue not crushed may be an option, showing satisfactory results. The fertilization with residue of guava processing industry in the guava orchard proved to be potentially viable
Doutor
7
Rossato, Otavio Bagiotto 1965. "Metodologias de avaliação e aplicação de nutrientes nas culturas de cana-de-açúcar e algodão /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101684.
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Orientador: Carlos Alexandre Costa CrusciolCoorientador: Saulo Philipe Sebastião Guerra
Coorientador: Pedro Andrade-Sanchez
Banca: Célia Regina Lopes Zimback
Banca: Kléber Pereira Lanças
Banca: Alberto Kazushi Nagaoka
Banca: Carlos Alberto Ceretta
Resumo: A adubação nitrogenada, fosfatada e potássica representam parte considerável dos custos de produção e tanto o excesso quanto a carência de nutrientes as plantas podem reduzir a qualidade e produtividade refletindo em menor lucratividade. Os teores de fósforo e potássio no solo são os parâmetros mais confiáveis para a recomendação de adubação fosfatada e potássica da maioria das culturas. Porém, para o nitrogênio, devido à sua alta mobilidade no solo, e, portanto variabilidade temporal, existe grande dificuldade em definir um único parâmetro de solo para manejar a adubação nitrogenada. Por isso, o uso de sensores óticos remotos capazes de detectar o estado nutricional das plantas, pode ser uma importante ferramenta no diagnóstico e aplicação de nitrogênio. Porém, para maioria das áreas cultivadas no Brasil, a adubação é feita de forma uniforme sem considerar a variabilidade existente dentro de cada área. Por isso, o presente trabalho visa avaliar diferentes critérios para a aplicação de fertilizantes fosfatados e potássicos em cana-de-açúcar, bem como, avaliar o potencial de utilização dos sensores de refletância e fluorescência na determinação dos teores de N-NO3 - no pecíolo, biomassa e produtividade do algodoeiro. No experimento realizado em cana-de-açúcar, foi feita a amostragem de solo em uma área de 35,09 ha em Igaraçú do Tietê, SP, Brasil, com uma grade 0,5 ha, e posteriormente... (Resumo completo, clicar aesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen represent a considerable part of production costs of most cultures. The phosphorus and potassium in the soil are the most reliable parameters its fertilization. There is a great difficulty in defining a single parameter to manage the soil nitrogen due to its high mobility in soil and therefore temporal variability. Therefore the use of remote optical sensors able to detect the nutritional status of plants can be an important tool in the diagnosis and application of nitrogen. However, for nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium for a majority of cropland in Brazil, the fertilization is done uniformly without considering the variability within each area. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate different criteria for the application of phosphate and potassium fertilizers in sugarcane, as well as assess the potential of using reflectance and fluorescence sensors in determining the levels of N-NO3 - in the petiole, biomass and cotton yield. In one experiment, which evaluated different ways of applying phosphate and potassium fertilizers in sugarcane was done soil sampling in an area of 35.09 ha in Igaraçu Tiete, Sao Paulo, Brazil, with 0.5 ha grid, and later in possession of the contents of P and K in the soil, and supported by software Campeiro 6.0 maps were created needs, deficits and excesses of P2O5 and K2O compared to a standard mode of fertilization, as well as estimated costs fertilizers in each mode of fertilizer application. The second experiment, which evaluated the potential use of sensors and fluorescence reflectance in cotton, was conducted at the Agricultural Center in Maricopa, Arizona, USA. In an experiment with a randomized block design with three cotton varieties... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Toledo, Anderson de. "Variabilidade espacial e diagnóstico da qualidade do processo em semeadura de amendoim /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88287.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Angeli FurlaniBanca: Rouverson Pereira da Silva
Banca: Alberto Carvalho Filho
Resumo: A partir do final da década de 1990, as regiões produtoras de amendoim do Estado de São Paulo investiram na modernização tecnológica da produção agrícola, principalmente quanto à mecanização. Diante desta situação, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar o conjunto trator-semeadora-adubadora atuando com biodiesel de amendoim (B5), em operação de semeadura de amendoim em LATOSSOLO Vermelho eutroférrico sob preparo convencional. Foram mensuradas as variáveis de desempenho operacional (força e potência na barra de tração, velocidade, capacidade de campo efetiva, consumo de combustível e de energia e patinagem), a resistência mecânica do solo à penetração e indicadores de qualidade da operação (distribuição longitudinal de plântulas, espaçamento entre fileiras de semeadura e número de dias para emergência). O experimento foi conduzido em área de campo na Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Jaboticabal - SP, latitude -21º14' e longitude -48º16' com altitude média de 560 metros e clima Aw. A análise geoestatística foi empregada às variáveis de desempenho operacional e resistência mecânica do solo à penetração e para os indicadores de qualidade utilizaram-se o controle estatístico de processo e a análise de capabilidade. A resistência mecânica do solo à penetração não apresentou correlação com as variáveis de desempenho operacional. A distribuição longitudinal de sementes e o espaçamento entre fileiras demonstraram processo instável e o número de dias para emergência apresentou estabilidade e resultados capazes de atingir os limites especificados. O controle estatístico de qualidade permitiu concluir que o processo de semeadura não atende as especificações previamente determinadas.
Abstract: Since the end of 1990's, the peanut production regions of São Paulo State, invested in technological modernization of agricultural production, especially on the mechanization. Faced with this situation, this study aimed evaluate the tractor-seeder-fertilizer system, working with a peanut biodiesel (B5), in peanut sowing operation in OXISOL under conventional tillage. Was measured the operational performance variables (drawbar force, required power, forward speed, effective field capacity, fuel and energy consumption and slippage), the soil mechanical penetration resistance and operational quality indicators (plants longitudinal distribution, row spacing and number of days to emergency). The experiment was carried out on Universidade Estadual Paulista's area, Campus Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil, latitude -21º14' and longitude -48º16' with 560 meters of average altitude and Aw climate. The geostatistics analysis was used for the operational performance variables and soil mechanical penetration resistance and statistical process control and process capability analysis for the quality indicators. The soil mechanical penetration resistance not demonstrates correlation with the operational performance variables. The longitudinal distribution showed unstable process, like the row spacing and the number of days to emergence demonstrate stability and capable to reach results in specifications. The statistical quality control showed that the sowing operation not meet the previously determined specifications.
Mestre
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Alves, Pamela José. "Milho para silagem : semeadura e colheita em Latossolo sob preparo convencional /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88289.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Angeli FurlaniBanca: Rouverson Pereira da Silva
Banca: Wilson José Oliveira de Souza
Resumo: A produção de silagem é atividade importante para a alimentação do rebanho brasileiro e, neste aspecto, o planejamento da produção se torna indispensável para se obter uma maior produtividade. A escolha do híbrido adequado e a maneira como será feita a semeadura influencia a produção final, interferindo quantitativa e qualitativamente no desenvolvimento da cultura. A qualidade na colheita de culturas destinadas à silagem, que envolve o tamanho de fragmentos e altura de corte, é fundamental para que as condições da silagem sejam atendidas. O presente estudo foi conduzido em área experimental do Laboratório de Máquinas e Mecanização Agrícola (LAMMA UNESP/Jaboticabal) da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Câmpus de Jaboticabal, com o objetivo de avaliar: o desempenho de uma semeadora-adubadora em Latossolo sob preparo convencional; as características do material colhido e as perdas na colheita de forragem; a resistência mecânica do solo à penetração, densidade e umidade do solo, em um sistema de produção de milho para silagem. No desempenho da semeadora-adubadora, a maior velocidade proporcionou o menor consumo operacional de combustível e maior capacidade de campo. As características de desenvolvimento da cultura não foram alteradas pelas velocidades e somente a altura da planta diferiu em função dos híbridos utilizados. A densidade e a resistência mecânica do solo à penetração apresentaram valores elevados para solos mobilizados. Na colheita, o consumo de combustível foi superior quando empregada a maior rotação das facas de corte. A perda média na colheita de forragem foi de 2% da produtividade.
Abstract: The silage production is an important activity for alimentation of the Brazilian herd. For higher productivity, planning is essential. The choice of hybrid and appropriate sowing change the final production. The quality at sowing affect qualitatively and quantitatively the culture development. The quality of the harvest of crops intended for silage, which involves the size of fragments and height of cut is critical to reach the silage requirements. This study was conducted in the experimental area of the Laboratório de Máquinas e Mecanização Agrícola (LAMMA UNESP/Jaboticabal) of the Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Campus Jaboticabal. The objective of this study was to evaluate: the performance of a seeder-fertilizer in Oxisol under conventional tillage; the characteristics of the harvested matter and losses at forage harvest; the soil mechanical resistance to penetration, density and soil moisture in a production system of maize for silage. In the performance of the seeder-fertilizer, the higher speed provided the lowest fuel consumption and increased the operational field capacity. The development of the culture were not changed by the speed at seeding and only the plant height differed depending on the hybrid used. The density and soil mechanical resistance to penetration showed high values for soil mobilized. At harvest, the fuel consumption was higher than that employed the largest rotation of the cutting knives. The average loss at harvest of forage was 2% in productivity.
Mestre
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Guimarães, Geovane Lima. "Plantas de cobertura e adubação nitrogenada em cultivares de arroz de terras altas irrigadas no cerrado /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106144.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Saletiér BuzettiBanca: Orivaldo Arf
Banca: Morel de Passos e Carvalho
Banca: Itamar Andrioli
Banca: José Frederico Centurion
Resumo: O nitrogênio é o nutriente que geralmente mais influencia no rendimento de grãos de arroz, tendo sua dinâmica no sistema solo-planta alterada pelo manejo utilizado. Com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade e quantidade de nutrientes da fitomassa de plantas de cobertura do solo e o efeito do uso isolado e combinado de adubos verdes e uréia como fontes de nitrogênio para o arroz de terras altas na implantação do sistema plantio direto, foi conduzido um experimento durante o ano agrícola 2001/02 na Fazenda Experimental da UNESP/FEIS, no município de Selvíria- MS, em área de Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com 24 tratamentos e quatro repetições, dispostos em esquema fatorial 4x2x3, constituído de quatro sistemas de cobertura do solo: mucuna-preta, crotalária, milheto e pousio, dois cultivares de arroz: Primavera e IAC-202 e três níveis de N-uréia: 0, 50 e 100 kg ha-1. Para solo, realizaram-se avaliações químicas nas camadas de 0,0 a 0,10, 0,10 a 0,20 e 0,20 a 0,30 m, para pH, Ca, Mg, P, K, MO, H+Al e Al, N-total, e N mineral (NH4 + e NO- 3). Determinou-se a produtividade de fitomassa seca das plantas de cobertura e da vegetação espontânea (pousio); concentração de nutrientes nos adubos verdes, vegetação espontânea e na cultura do arroz à época do florescimento; ciclo e altura do arroz; número de panículas e colmos férteis m-2; número de espiguetas (total, chochas e granadas), rendimento de grãos no benefício, de inteiros e quebrados, além da produtividade de grãos. A sucessão crotalária-arroz foi a que promoveu maior produtividade de grãos, sendo o IAC-202 o cultivar mais produtivo. O milheto apresentou maior produtividade de fitomassa seca, sendo a melhor opção dentre as espécies de cobertura do solo avaliadas. As doses de N aumentaram linearmente a produtividade de grãos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Nitrogen is the nutrient that usually more influences in the rice yield. It has a complex dynamic in the soil-plant system being it changed by soil management. This study was conducted at Experimental Station of UNESP/FEIS, located in Selvíria-MS country, in a dystroferric Red Latosol (Haplustox) with the objective of evaluating the productivity and amount of nutrients from mass of covering plants of soil and the effect of the isolated and combined use of covering plants and fallow besides urea as sources of nitrogen for the highlands rice in the implantation of the no till system during the agricultural year 2001/02. The used experimental design was a randomized blocks with 24 treatments and four repetitions, disposed in a factorial scheme 4x2x3, constituted of four systems of covering plants of the soil: velvet bean, sunn hemp, millet and spontaneous vegetation (fallow); two rice cultivars: Primavera and IAC-202; and three N doses: 0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1 (Urea). It was evaluated: Soil chemical analysis in the layers from 0.0 to 0.10, 0.10 to 0.20 and 0.20 to 0.30 m, for pH, Ca, Mg, P, K, OM, H+Al and Al, N-total, and N mineral (NH4 + and NO3 -); the productivity of dry matter of the covering plants and of the spontaneous vegetation (fallow); concentration of nutrients in the covering plants, spontaneous vegetation and in the rice crop at flowering; cycle and height of the rice; panicles number and stems fertile m-2; spikelets number, grain quality, besides grain yield. The succession sunn hemp - rice promoted larger grain yield, being IAC-202 the cultivar more productive. The millet presented larger productivity of dry matter, being the best option among the species of covering plants. The doses of N increased the grain yield lineally, but they did not interfere in the mass of 1000 grains and in grain quality. The increase of the doses of N decreased the number... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Books on the topic "Fertilizer. eng"
1
Boyd, R. Economics of world sulphur supplyto the end of the century: Paper read before The Fertiliser Society of London on the 18th April 1985. London (Greenhill House, 90-93 Cowcross Street, EC1M 6BH): Fertiliser Society, 1985.
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2
MacDonald, K. Bruce. Indicator of risk of water contamination: Nitrogen component. Ottawa: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1996.
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3
Kowalenko, C. G. Assessment of the need for micronutrient applications for agricultural crop production in British Columbia. Ottawa: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1992.
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4
Daudin. Normal Table of Xenopus Laevis (Daudin): A Systematical & Chronological Survey of the Development from the Fertilized Egg till the End of Metamorphosis ... the Fertilized Egg Till the End of Metamorp). Garland Science, 1994.
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5
Mantraṇālaẏa, Bangladesh Kr̥shi, United States. Agency for International Development., and International Fertilizer Development Center, eds. End of project report, March 1987 through August 1994 : executive summary : submitted to the Ministry of Agriculture of Bangladesh, and the United States Agency for International Development. Dhaka: International Fertilizer Development Center, 1994.
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6
D, Nieuwkoop Pieter, and Faber Jacob 1926-, eds. Normal table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin): A systematical and chronological survey of the development from the fertilized egg till the end of metamorphosis. New York: Garland Pub., 1994.
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7
Divan, Aysha, and Janice A. Royds. 5. Molecular interactions. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198723882.003.0005.
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Every nucleated diploid cell in the body, with the exception of B and T cells of the immune system, has the same genome as its originating single fertilized egg. During development, this single cell differentiates into a complex multicellular organism composed of various cells and tissues each carrying out specialized functions. Although each cell contains a genome of data it needs to select the relevant information from this genetic blueprint to fulfil its own specific function. ‘Molecular interactions’ shows that proteins must be produced in the right place and at the right time. This requires regulation of gene expression in conjunction with a myriad of bio-molecular interactions to coordinate this.
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Frid, Christopher L. J., and Bryony A. Caswell. Ongoing issues. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198726289.003.0004.
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Although current understanding of the sources, fate and impacts of many contaminants are now well-known and regulated by national and international bodies and conventions, a number remain problematic. Some are produced in very large quantities (e.g. nutrients, detergents, oil) and others are persistent in the environment (e.g. radioactivity and plastics). All are known threats that have either been ignored, took time to manifest, or have been challenging to manage. For most of these pollutants, regulations exist but changes in the nature (e.g. microplastics) or scale (e.g. increased use of fertilisers, increased livestock culture and sewage production, and changes in energy consumption as the global population grows) may mean existing regulation or management is in some way deficient. For others, (e.g. radioactivity, plastics and threats to biosecurity such as non-native invasive species introductions) the challenges associated with regulation and management are yet to be solved.
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Alexander, Shara E. Effect of row cover and supplemental Ca fertilization on blossom-end rot in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum, Grossom Group). 1997.
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Dominion Experimental Farms and Stations (Canada), ed. Potash in agriculture. Ottawa: Govt. Print. Bureau, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Fertilizer. eng"
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Zaman, M., K. Kleineidam, L. Bakken, J. Berendt, C. Bracken, K. Butterbach-Bahl, Z. Cai, et al. "Climate-Smart Agriculture Practices for Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions." In Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques, 303–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_8.
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AbstractAgricultural lands make up approximately 37% of the global land surface, and agriculture is a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Those GHGs are responsible for the majority of the anthropogenic global warming effect. Agricultural GHG emissions are associated with agricultural soil management (e.g. tillage), use of both synthetic and organic fertilisers, livestock management, burning of fossil fuel for agricultural operations, and burning of agricultural residues and land use change. When natural ecosystems such as grasslands are converted to agricultural production, 20–40% of the soil organic carbon (SOC) is lost over time, following cultivation. We thus need to develop management practices that can maintain or even increase SOCstorage in and reduce GHG emissions from agricultural ecosystems. We need to design systematic approaches and agricultural strategies that can ensure sustainable food production under predicted climate change scenarios, approaches that are being called climate‐smart agriculture (CSA). Climate‐smart agricultural management practices, including conservation tillage, use of cover crops and biochar application to agricultural fields, and strategic application of synthetic and organic fertilisers have been considered a way to reduce GHG emission from agriculture. Agricultural management practices can be improved to decreasing disturbance to the soil by decreasing the frequency and extent of cultivation as a way to minimise soil C loss and/or to increase soil C storage. Fertiliser nitrogen (N) use efficiency can be improved to reduce fertilizer N application and N loss. Management measures can also be taken to minimise agricultural biomass burning. This chapter reviews the current literature on CSA practices that are available to reduce GHG emissions and increase soil Csequestration and develops a guideline on best management practices to reduce GHG emissions, increase C sequestration, and enhance crop productivity in agricultural production systems.
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Elinson, Richard P. "Dorsal Specification in the Fertilized Frog Egg." In Mechanism of Fertilization: Plants to Humans, 663–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83965-8_46.
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Paleček, J. "Microtubule Pattern During Cytoplasmic Reorganization of the Fertilized Xenopus Egg: Effect of UV Irradiation." In Organization of the Early Vertebrate Embryo, 37–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1618-1_4.
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Holm, P. B., S. Knudsen, P. Mouritzen, D. Negri, F. L. Olsen, and C. Roué. "Fertile Barley Plants can be Regenerated from Mechanically Isolated Protoplasts of Fertilized Egg Cells." In Current Issues in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, 207–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0307-7_27.
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Lee, Byung-Cheon, Dae-In Kang, and Kwang-Sup Soh. "Budding Primo Microcells (Sanals) in a Culture Medium with Fertilized Egg Albumen and RPMI Medium." In The Primo Vascular System, 171–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0601-3_24.
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Mbandi, Josephine, and Michael Kisangari. "Data Collection Using Wireless Sensor Networks and Online Visualization for Kitui, Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1735–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_151.
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AbstractKenya is a developing country with a population of 47,213,282 people this comprises of 56% low-income earners. Small businesses and crop production represent 23% of the income within the country, which is at risk as soils become less productive. Various factors have led to this, climate change and land overuse being leading causes. Without adaptation, the rural to urban migration will continue to increase.Through Internet of Things (IoT) and specifically wireless sensor networks, we can change how we obtain and consume information. Small-scale farmers can collect data and in exchange receive useful information about their soils, temperature, humidity, and moisture content hence make better choices during crop production. Connected end devices bring in data, which is currently sparse in relation to small-scale farming. IoT will enable analysis and informed decision-making including crop selection, support equipment, fertilizers, irrigation, and harvesting. The cloud-based analysis will provide information useful for policy making and improvement.This chapter presents a wireless sensor network (WSN) in mesh topography using XBee communication module, communication, and raspberry pi, combined with a cloud-based data storage and analysis. We successfully set up a proof of concept to test a sensor node that sends information to a RPi and onto an online visualization platform.
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Ali, Jauhar, Mahender Anumalla, Varunseelan Murugaiyan, and Zhikang Li. "Green Super Rice (GSR) Traits: Breeding and Genetics for Multiple Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice." In Rice Improvement, 59–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_3.
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AbstractThe frequent fluctuations in global climate variability (GCV), decreases in farmland and irrigation water, soil degradation and erosion, and increasing fertilizer costs are the significant factors in declining rice productivity, mainly in Asia and Africa. Under GCV scenarios, it is a challenging task to meet the rice food demand of the growing population. Identifying green traits (tolerance of biotic and abiotic stresses, nutrient-use efficiency, and nutritional grain quality) and stacking them in high-yielding elite genetic backgrounds is one promising approach to increase rice productivity. To this end, the Green Super Rice (GSR) breeding strategy helps to pool multi-stress-tolerance traits by stringent selection processes and to develop superior GSR cultivars within a short span of 4–5 years. In the crossing and selection process of GSR breeding, selective introgression lines (SILs) derived from sets of early backcross BC1F2 bulk populations through both target traits and non-target traits were selected. Genotyping of SILs with high-density SNP markers leads to the identification of a large number of SNP markers linked with the target green traits. The identified SILs with superior trait combinations were used for designed QTL pyramiding to combine different target green traits. The GSR breeding strategy also focused on nutrient- and water-use efficiency besides environment-friendly green features primarily to increase grain yield and income returns for resource-poor farmers. In this chapter, we have highlighted the GSR breeding strategy and QTL introgression of green traits in rice. This breeding strategy has successfully dissected many complex traits and also released several multi-stress-tolerant varieties with high grain yield and productivity in the target regions of Asia and Africa.
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Palm, Harry W., Ulrich Knaus, Samuel Appelbaum, Sebastian M. Strauch, and Benz Kotzen. "Coupled Aquaponics Systems." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 163–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_7.
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AbstractCoupled aquaponics is the archetype form of aquaponics. The technical complexity increases with the scale of production and required water treatment, e.g. filtration, UV light for microbial control, automatic controlled feeding, computerization and biosecurity. Upscaling is realized through multiunit systems that allow staggered fish production, parallel cultivation of different plants and application of several hydroponic subsystems. The main task of coupled aquaponics is the purification of aquaculture process water through integration of plants which add economic benefits when selecting suitable species like herbs, medicinal plants or ornamentals. Thus, coupled aquaponics with closed water recirculation systems has a particular role to fulfil.Under fully closed recirculation of nutrient enriched water, the symbiotic community of fish, plants and bacteria can result in higher yields compared with stand-alone fish production and/or plant cultivation. Fish and plant choices are highly diverse and only limited by water quality parameters, strongly influenced by fish feed, the plant cultivation area and component ratios that are often not ideal. Carps, tilapia and catfish are most commonly used, though more sensitive fish species and crayfish have been applied. Polyponics and additional fertilizers are methods to improve plant quality in the case of growth deficiencies, boosting plant production and increasing total yield.The main advantages of coupled aquaponics are in the most efficient use of resources such as feed for nutrient input, phosphorous, water and energy as well as in an increase of fish welfare. The multivariate system design approach allows coupled aquaponics to be installed in all geographic regions, from the high latitudes to arid and desert regions, with specific adaptation to the local environmental conditions. This chapter provides an overview of the historical development, general system design, upscaling, saline and brackish water systems, fish and plant choices as well as management issues of coupled aquaponics especially in Europe.
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Okoth Omondi, John, and Uri Yermiyahu. "Improvement in Cassava Yield per Area by Fertilizer Application." In Cassava - Biology, Production, and Use. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97366.
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Cassava is a source of carbohydrates to more than 200 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa, even though its production is 6–8 t ha−1, which is below the highest world production of 36.4 t ha−1 in India. To address this yield gap and increase cassava’s availability, affordability, and adequacy, intensive but sustainable production is important. Additionally, being an emerging raw material in the animal feeds, pharmaceutical, beer industries etc., only increases its demand, however the current production levels cannot effectively sustain this. Therefore, this paper reviews: improvement in cassava yields per area under fertigation and banding of fertilizers, a common practice among many farmers; the advantage of fertilizer application on starch of the storage roots, which is the fundamental ingredient in most industries using cassava as a raw material; and the climate smart technologies for intensive sustainable cassava production. In the end, this review enhances knowledge about fertilizer application to cassava, both banding and fertigation, and expounds on effective intensive sustainable climate-smart production strategies.
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Mamta, Rayavarapu Jaganadha Rao, Anil Dhar, and Khursheed Ahmad Wani. "Biological Alchemy." In Environmental and Agricultural Informatics, 687–715. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9621-9.ch031.
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The story of garbage processing is changing globally and is being considered as a potential option in the hierarchy of integrated solid waste management that involves stabilization of organic material by the joint action of earthworms and microorganisms. Vermicomposting is an economically viable technique in which the job is done by certain species of earthworms that enhances the process of waste conversion and produces a better end product vermicompost. Vermicompost is highly nutritive fertilizer and more powerful growth promoter over the conventional compost. It is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium commonly referred as NPK, micronutrients, growth hormones and enzymes. Its commercialization is a good business opportunity and is emerging as an industry itself. The farmers need to raise the crops by organic farming that will reduce the cost and will decrease the impact on environment. The present chapter is an attempt to highlight different approaches of converting waste into vermicompost and the importance of vermicomposting as compared to synthetic fertilizers.
Conference papers on the topic "Fertilizer. eng"
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DROMANTIENĖ, Rūta, Irena PRANCKIETIENĖ, Gvidas ŠIDLAUSKAS, and Vita SMALSTIENĖ. "THE EFFECT OF MG AND S ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS PRODUCTS AND NITROGEN CONTENT IN WINTER WHEAT." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.005.
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In 2013 and 2014, field experiments involving winter wheat were conducted at Aleksandras Stulginskis University’s Experimental Station on a medium-textured Cal(ca)ri-Epihypogleyic Luvisol. N150P90K120 were applied as the main fertilizers. Additionally, a foliar fertilizer including amide nitrogen, sulphur and magnesium (MgO concentrations ranging from 0.25 % to 2.5 %), (further referred to as magnesium fertilizer), was sprayed at the tillering and booting stages of winter wheat. It was found that magnesium fertilizer foliar-applied at the end of tillering and booting stages tended to increase chlorophyll a and b contents in winter wheat leaves. Chlorophyll a content in leaves significantly increased when the solution with 2.5 % concentration of magnesium had been applied at tillering and when 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 % concentrations of the solution had been applied at booting stages. Chlorophyll b content in winter wheat leaves was significantly affected by the solutions with 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 % magnesium concentrations at tillering and by the solutions with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 % magnesium concentrations at booting stages. The highest increase in dry matter content was recorded when 2.5 % MgO solution had been applied at booting stage. A statistically significant correlation was established between the MgO concentrations applied at tillering (r = 0.905*) and booting (r = 0.863*) stages and nitrogen content in winter wheat dry matter.
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ŽIBIENĖ, Gražina, Alvydas ŽIBAS, and Laima ŠVIRINIENĖ. "THE EFFECTS OF TANNIC ACID ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EGG FERTILIZATION AND REMOVING CARP EGG ADHESIVENESS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.016.
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Egg adhesiveness is one of the major problems in carp artificial breeding. The appropriate elimination of egg adhesiveness impacts the effectiveness of the breeding. This article discusses two used methods of carp egg adhesiveness removal: tannic acid+water and milk+water+salt solutions. Milk, water and salt solution was based on the following proportions: 1 litre of milk + 7 litres of water +50g of NaCl. Adhesiveness is removed from fertilized eggs in bowls by mixing them with geese feathers for no shorter than 60 minutes. The tannic acid solution was prepared by mixing 7 grams of tannic acid powder with 5 litres of water. 1 litre of solution is immediately poured into a bowl with fertilized eggs. Adhesiveness is removed from fertilized eggs in bowls by intensively mixing them for 10 minutes. After fertilization and removal of adhesiveness, the eggs were transferred into Weiss jars. The results showed that during the process of incubation, 3.7 million eggs were fertilized; out of them 1.6 million were rid of adhesiveness by milk solution, 2.1 – by tannic solution. It is plausible that unfavourable environmental conditions influenced the low egg vitality. 750 000 (47%) carp larvae hatched from milk solution treated eggs, while 800 000 (38%) of larvae hatched from the eggs treated with tannic solution.
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Al-Samarrai, Marwa N., Rosniza Hamzah, S. T. Sam, N. Z. Noriman, Omar S. Dahham, Awad A. Al-rashdi, and A. M. Alakrach. "A slow release fertilizer from urea and rice straw coated by ENR-50 for agricultural application." In GREEN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE: ADVANCED AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Green Design and Manufacture 2018. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5066667.
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Aten, Quentin. "MEMS Nanoinjector for Injecting Foreign DNA Into Living Cells." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87581.
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The nanoinjector is a MEMS device that has been successfully used to inject foreign genetic material into fertilized mouse egg cells (zygotes). This scanning electron micrograph shows a nanoinjector grasping a 100 μm diameter latex sphere. The sphere is roughly the size of a mouse zygote, and it can withstand the harsh environment in the electron microscope better than a mouse zygote. The nanoinjector’s two constraining mechanisms (at left and top-right) and lance mechanism (bottom right) are fabricated from two planar layers of polysilicon through MEMSCAP’s polysilicon Multi-User MEMS Processes (polyMUMPs)
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Hill, Davion, Yumei Zhai, Arun Agarwal, Edward Rode, Francois Ayello, and Narasi Sridhar. "Energy Storage Via Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 Into Specialty Chemicals." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54048.
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There is significant interest in technologies that reduce or mitigate greenhouse gases in the atmosphere because of their contribution to climate change. In addition, concerns for energy security are linked to political, environmental, and economic factors that threaten supply of hydrocarbon sources for fuels and the petrochemical feedstock that support the production of plastics, fertilizers, and chemical supply chains. With these climate and energy security concerns, there is a need for technologies that can economically address both issues. In addition, with increased integration of renewable energy systems into the grid, there are major concerns about grid instability and the need for energy storage. Significant research is being done on both topics, but there is a need to more efficiently transmit and use energy (which is the focus of the Smart Grid initiatives) as well as store energy for future use. Electrochemical conversion of CO2 to useful products will be discussed including analyses of the energy and carbon balances required for the process, the value of the end use chemicals as energy storage media, and the energy density of the end use chemicals compared to other energy storage technologies.
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Hua-Fang, Wang, and Liu Gao-En. "Development Test of a Small Aero-Derived Gas Turbine Combustor for Medium Btu Gaseous Fuel." In ASME 1988 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/88-gt-165.
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WZ-5 engine is a small aero gas turbine engine rated in 1200kw class. A development program was initiated in 1986 to develop the engine with some modifications to accommodate the medium or low Btu gaseous fuel for its industrial application. The test program was accordingly carried out for the modified engine and combustor to evaluate their ability to burn medium Btu gaseous fuel. The present investigation is a part of the program to justify whether or not the modified combustor is capable of burning the medium Btu gaseous fuel with satisfactory combustion performances. The medium Btu gaseous fuel used in the test contains 50% of H2 and 20% of CH4 and the rest of N2 as innert. That is the typical processing gas produced in chemical fertilizer production. The low heating value of the gas is 3002 kcal/nm3. All the test results whowed that when burning the medium Btu gaseous fuel the modified combustor had quite good performances except one combustor which had the injectors with slot-shape opening at the injector end and had unacceptable combustor exit temperature profile, and also showed that the modified combustor had the potential ability to burn low Btu gaseous fuel which has lower calorific value but some amount of H2.
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BALEŽENTIENĖ, Ligita. "THE SCALE OF ECOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT IN URBAN AMATEUR GARDENS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.093.
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Though urban areas globally cover only about 3% of the earth’s land surface, the UAGs have received a little attention with regards to their ecological facilities. The main aim of this study remains to assess and compare the choice of ecological management options, which guidelines to improvement of environmental-friendly forms of gardening provided by two different UAGs, e.g. Užuovėja (U) and Nemunas (N) in Kaunas distr., central Lithuania. The gardeners were interviewed to identify their preference of different gardening means and reasons for their ecological choices using a questionnaire (n = 60) containing questions about gardening behaviour were surveyed. The interviewed gardeners differ in their commitment and motivation, their agro-ecological practices, and their habits when growing fruits and vegetables. Ecological means, e.g. self-generated compost, turf and organic fertilizer were applied in 43.3-16.7; 16.7-6.7 and 43.3-16.7% in UAGs N and U, respectively. Only 3 or 10% (N) and 4 or 13.3% (U), of respondent regularly used chemical control means regularly. Unfortunately, only 11 or 36.7% (N) and 4 or 13.3% (U) of respondents regularly and sometimes used biological control means. While 7 or 23.3% (N) and 1 or 3.3% (U) of respondents apply biological control means on rare occasion. The large amount of gardeners’, i.e. 63% (N) and 80% (U) employs the natural water resources. This study shows that choice of the urban gardeners for the farming options proceeds the act of production through the conscious manipulation of natural resources, by the means of mobilizing practices (soil improvement, pest control means, watering), as well as supported by knowledge and sustainable viewpoint. Nonetheless, local ecosystem services will support gardener motivation, enhancing knowledge of sustainable gardening, authorizing the rational use of bio-control and soil improvement products, expresses an essential need for rational usage of water and other environmental resources.
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ŠIAUDINIS, Gintaras, and Danutė KARČAUSKIENĖ. "THE EFFECT OF SEWAGE SLUDGE ON AND CUP PLANT’S (SILPHIUM PERFOLIATUM L.) BIOMASS PRODUCTIVITY UNDER WESTERN LITHUANIA’S RETISOL." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.027.
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The long-term field experiment with new high yielding perennial energy crop - cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) was conducted in order to evaluate its biomass productivity in Vėžaičiai branch of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agricultural and Forestry. Experimental site – naturally acid Bathygleic Dystric Glossic Retisol, pH 4.2-4.4. Granulated sewage sludge was applied (at 45 and 90 t ha-1 rates) as an alternative organic fertilizer. The fertilization was done at the beginning of the experiment, prior to cup plant’s sprouts planting in 2013. Each experimental year, traditional N60P60K60 fertilization was performed in a separate treatment. Cup plant’s biomass was harvesting once per season at the end of vegetation. Cup plant’s dry mass (DM) yield substantially increased from 2.80 t ha-1 (in 2014) to 13.41 t ha-1 (in 2016). The use of sewage sludge fertilization was notably superior to that of mineral fertilization for cup plant’s biomass productivity. In all experimental years, the optimal was the application of 45 t ha-1 rate of sewage sludge - in compare with unfertilized treatment (control), DM yield increased by 66 %, on average. Increasing of sewage sludge rate up to 90 kg ha-1 did not give any DM yield supplement. Energy evaluation of growing technology revealed that the application of 45 t ha-1 sewage sludge rate caused the substantial increase of energy output from 1 ha; and on the contrarily, sharply decreased net energy ratio. In order to determine the long-term effects of fertilization on biomass yield, these studies will continue a few more years.
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Fantozzi, Francesco, Bruno D’Alessandro, Daniela Leonardi, and Umberto Desideri. "Evaluation of Available Technologies for Chicken Manure Energy Conversion and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Case Study in Italy." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-54185.
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Chicken manure used as a natural fertilizer, given its high Nitrogen content, requires key actions in odor control that are often difficult to carry out resulting in an image loss for the company. Manure land-filling however is costly as well as incineration and this latter does still require odor control. Energy conversion from chicken manure may turn the cost into an earning that could payback both the investment and the image loss for odorous emissions. In this optic the paper analyses the different technologies that are available for energy conversion from chicken manure namely incineration, gasification, pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion with application to a real case. A large scale egg selling company in central Italy, with three production sites, was selected and its mass and energy flow balance assessed with particular reference to manure production and electricity consumption and expense. Five different technologies were then considered for energy conversion from chicken manure both for a single production site (microscale) and for the three (small scale). Grate incineration with steam production from exhaust gases was considered and discarded because of the too small scale. BTG gasification technology and IPRP pyrolysis technology presented by the authors, were evaluated and the techno-economic assessment showed interesting pay back time with medium to high investment costs and medium efficiencies. Pyrolysis technology with gas-steam combined cycle was considered but the economics show a very high pay back for the investment due to the small scale. Finally anaerobic digestion was evaluated showing the lowest investment cost and efficiency but an interesting payback period also considering that no public financing was considered. This latter solution has been presented to the company that will decide whether to finance the project.
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Spencer, Sierra, Malia Scott, and Nelson Macken. "A Life Cycle Assessment of Biofuel Produced From Waste Cooking Oil." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86301.
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Biofuels have received considerable attention as a more sustainable solution for heating applications. Used vegetable oil, normally considered a waste product, has been suggested as a possible candidate. Herein we perform a life cycle assessment to determine the environmental impact of using waste vegetable oil as a fuel. We present a cradle to fuel model that includes the following unit processes: soybean farming, soy oil refining, the cooking process, cleaning/drying waste oil, preheating the oil in a centralized heating facility and transportation when required. For soybean farming, national historical data for yields, energy required for machinery, fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium), herbicides, pesticides and nitrous oxide production are considered. In soy oil refining, steam production using natural gas and electricity for machinery are considered inputs. Preprocessing, extraction using hexane and post processing are considered. In order to determine a mass balance for the cooking operation, oil carryout and waste oil removal are estimated. During waste oil processing, oil is filtered and water removed. Data from GREET is used to compute global warming potential (GWP) and energy consumption in terms of cumulative energy demand (CED). Mass allocation is applied to the soy meal produced in refining and oil utilized for cooking. Results are discussed with emphasis on improving sustainability. A comparison is made to traditional fuels, e.g., commercial fuel oil and natural gas. The production of WVO as fuel has significantly less global warming potential but higher cumulative energy consumption than traditional fuels. The study should provide useful information on the sustainability of using waste cooking oil as a fuel for heating.
Reports on the topic "Fertilizer. eng"
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Front end loader overturns on seed/fertilizer store owner. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface96ky050.
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