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Affendy Hassan, Mohd Hafis Sulaiman, Muhammad Shuhaimi Ibrahim, Abu Bakar Abd Rahman, and Charis Saliun. "Investigating Fertilizer Spreader Blades for Improved Flow Behaviours and Material Resilience in Palm Plantation Settings." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 114, no. 2 (2024): 214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.114.2.214226.
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Fertilizer spreaders play a crucial role in evenly distributing granule fertilizer across palm plantations. However, in specific areas where growth conditions are unsuitable, fertilizer application becomes unnecessary. Therefore, this study aims to improve granule fertilizer distribution efficiency through enhanced fertilizer blade design. Using Finite Element (FE) simulation, the stress deformation and deflection of the existing spreader blade were evaluated. Meanwhile, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation was used to investigate the influence of spreader design on fertilizer projection speed and direction in the case of open and closed side discharge. The study revealed that the applied forces increased both the critical stress deformation and deflection. To ensure the fertilizer spreads properly over the desired area, the initial velocity had to be increased proportionally with an increase in the angle of direction. These findings contributed to a deeper understanding of the relationship between fertilizer projection velocity, spreader blade strength, and flow behaviour, enabling the reduction of waste in granule fertilizer, while enhancing the operational efficiency and reliability of fertilizer spreader.
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Zinkevičienė, Raimonda, Eglė Jotautienė, Antanas Juostas, Antonio Comparetti, and Edvardas Vaiciukevičius. "Simulation of Granular Organic Fertilizer Application by Centrifugal Spreader." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (2021): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020247.
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There is no specialized equipment designed to spread granular cylindrical organic fertilizer in the soil. There are also no rational recommendations available on how to spread this type of fertilizer. Mineral fertilizer spreaders are most often used for spreading granulated organic fertilizer. However, these fertilizers are significantly different from mineral fertilizers. Due to these differences, organic granular fertilizers often are spread unevenly, and the fertilizer does not reach the required working width. Furthermore, the rate of spreading is not accurate, and the fertilizer is often crushed too much. The objective of this research is to develop a simulation model for granular organic fertilizer applications with a centrifugal spreader in EDEM (extended distinct element method) software. It is possible to develop a numerical model that corresponds to a real spreader, and to determine the key physical–mechanical parameters for the application of granular organic fertilizer. This model can also be used for evaluating the transverse uniformity of the fertilizer in the field (along the trajectory normal to the machine). The results of this research show that the distance traveled by the fertilizer granules partially depends on the particle size, initial speed, type of fertilizer and the parameters of the spinning discs of the spreader.
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Bivainis, Vaidas, Eglė Jotautienė, Kristina Lekavičienė, Ramūnas Mieldažys, and Gražvydas Juodišius. "Theoretical and Experimental Verification of Organic Granular Fertilizer Spreading." Agriculture 13, no. 6 (2023): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13061135.
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Due to the continuous creation of organic granular fertilizers of the new composition, there is a lack of knowledge about their properties and the influence of the norm on spreading efficiency. To increase the efficiency of the use of granular organic fertilizers, their spreading aims are to properly choose the most rational spreading parameters and fertilizer norms, considering the characteristics of the fertilizer. To determine this quickly and with lower costs, various theoretical models and computer programs are used to study the dynamics of fertilizer spreading. The purpose of this work was to perform theoretical and experimental comparative studies of the influence of the characteristics and dosage norms of granular fertilizers of poultry manure on the spreading efficiency. During the research, the physical properties of granular poultry manure fertilizers were determined, which have an impact on the quality of spreading. Experimental studies of fertilizer spreading were carried out using two centrifugal spreaders with the same parameters (Amazone ZA-M-1001 (spreading dosage norm, 200 kg ha−1 and 400 kg ha−1; driving speed, 10 km h−1) and ZA-M-1201 (spreading dosage norm, 600 kg ha−1, 800 kg ha−1, and 1000 kg ha−1; driving speed, 5 km h−1)). Before the fertilizer was spread, measurements were made of the flow rate of the spreadable fertilizer through one bunker shutter. Fertilizer application simulations were performed using the discrete element simulation program EDEM. Research has shown that spreading the studied granular fertilizers at the dosage norm of 600 and 800 kg ha−1 allows for the future expansion of the limits of spreading research using a spreading simulation. The most important directions of research would be the research of the spreader vanes’ shape, length, and rational settings positions, using the standard commonly used centrifugal spreader, after making small modifications of the spreader, to achieve that the spreader could spread larger norms of fertilizer or drive faster during spreading.
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Temirov, S., M. Tukhtabayev, and Z. Turgunov. "Studying the movement of fertilizers in the fertilizer spreader." E3S Web of Conferences 386 (2023): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338603007.
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The article presents the results of the study to substantiate the angle of the vertical installation of the fertilizer spreader, which localizes the fertilizer between the rows of cotton. Based on the results obtained, a working body is developed for mixing organic and mineral fertilizers during intercropping. The movement of the fertilizer pieces along the X and Y axes was studied. The coordinates of the fertilizer pieces’ landing point on the working surface of the fertilizer spreader, their velocities, and motion equations of the fertilizer pieces in the next jump were created. As a result, the cotton grows equally and yields a good harvest. The movement of the fertilizer pieces and the movement and distribution of the fertilizer spreader along the working surface are studied. It was found that the vertical mounting angle of the fertilizer could be ɛ = 18˚.
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Skorlyakov, V. I., O. N. Negreba, A. N. Nazarov, and I. G. Popelova. "Evaluation of the Mineral Fertilizer Lateral Distribution Performed by Centrifugal Spreaders." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 5 (May 25, 2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2021-5-18-24.
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An analysis of the shortcomings of the methodology for assessing the mineral fertilizer distribution performed by centrifugal spreaders is provided. A method is proposed for assessing the spreader fertilizer distribution over the working width using a minimum number of samplers.
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Nuraddin, Qurbanov. "Determining the economic efficiency of applying a combined plough." Poljoprivredna tehnika 50, no. 1 (2025): 46–57. https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2501046h.
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Currently, various methods are used to apply fertilizer under the plow. At the same time, mineral fertilizers are applied to the soil surface after harvesting in our republic with Amazone ZA M-1500 brand disc centrifugal fertilizer spreaders. Immediately after sowing, the plowing operation is carried out with an SP-12 brand fourbody plough so that the applied fertilizers fall under the soil. This is how the operation is performed. The tractor is used twice to carry out this technological operation, which is economically inefficient and inconvenient on slopes. Thus, the centrifugal fertilizer spreader works unevenly. To eliminate this problem, a combined plough was developed in our laboratory. In order to calculate the economic efficiency of the combined plough, the economic indicators of the SP-12 brand four-body plough and the Amazone ZA M1500 brand fertilizer spreader were compared, and an economic efficiency of 1586.79 AzN (933.41,dollars $) was obtained. The article provides economic tables. The smooth and even distribution of mineral fertilizers in the field with the application of a combined plough increases the yield in grain growing from 26 cent/ha to 32 cent/ha minimally. If we calculate the cost of wheat at about 0.35 AzN (0.21 dollars,$) (per kg, then with 600 kg per hectare, it allows to obtain an economic yield of 210 AzN/ ha (123.53 dollars/ha), and an economic yield of 68040 AZN (40,023.53 dollars $) from 324 ha during the season.
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Shwartz, A. A., and B. P. Besedin. "FEASIBILITY OF THE GRANULAR FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTOR'S BLADE FORM." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 84, no. 3 (2017): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66280.
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Using fertilizers, in line with other agrotechnical activities, is one of the most important means for increasing soil fertility, as well as agricultural products performance. Domestic and foreign experience shows us that yield capacity can grow almost 1.5-fold due to fertilizers. Nowadays the surface type of using hard organic and mineral fertilizers by means of body spreaders is considered to be one of the simplest technically and most effective ways. Being the object of the research, the experimental mineral and organo-mineral granular fertilizers spreader is a van-type lowboy, equipped with a belt conveyor and a vertical rotor with a horizontal axis of rotation. In addition to load bearing characteristics, rotational movement of the operative parts in the casing of the rotary drum provides for air drag, which influences the trajectory of fertilizers flight. Pattern of fertilizer distribution, flight distance of fertilizer particles and horsepower input of the gear system depend on the design features of the operative parts of the pneumatic-mechanical rotor. The objective of the research is to define travel speed of fertilizer particles along vanes in case of constant fertilizer input with air drag in versions with radial position of vanes, bent backwards and forwards to some angle. The main research techniques are a graphical and analytical method and analysis of the component force which operates on the blade's surface. As for the drum with a diameter of 920 mm, at rotation frequency of 850 min-1, the best performance was shown by the through blade. They may reduce the friction force of the casing of rotor. Besides, they can concentrate fertilizers in the center of a blade, and achieve qualitative work of the fertilizer spreader, is ascertaining.
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Uteniyazov, Pulat A. "Theoretical Study of Working Tool Placement in the Combined Unit." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 12, no. 6 (2018): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2018-12-6-4-8.
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Abstract. The author proves that organic fertilizers, unlike the mineral ones, are capable of increasing yields over several years; they do not harm the environment and do not pollute the melon crop fields with nitrates. It has been clarified that their introduction is one of the most effective methods of humus conservation and soil fertility enhancement, which means obtaining fuller yields of high-quality melons and gourds. The NIIMESH researchers have developed a combined unit for local application of organic fertilizers for melons and gourds. (Research purpose) Conducting theoretical studies on the substantiation of the configuration of the working tools of a combined unit for local application of organic fertilizers. (Materials and methods) The author has conducted theoretical studies using methods of analytical geometry and theoretical mechanics. (Results and discussion) Analytical dependences have been obtained to determine transverse distances between furrow shapers used for applying organic fertilizers and making an irrigation groove, as well as longitudinal distances between the tractor's rear wheels and the furrow shapers applying organic fertilizers, between the furrow shapers and the fertilizer spreader, and between the fertilizer spreader and the furrow shaper making an irrigation furrow. (Conclusions) It has been determined that transverse distance between the working tools that make furrows for applying organic fertilizers should range between 0.9 and 1.3 metre, transverse distance between the working tools making an irrigation furrow and a furrow for the application of organic fertilizers is 0.45-0.65 metre. The optimal values of longitudinal distances have been found as well: between the tractor's rear wheels and the working tools making furrows for applying fertilizers – no less than 0.21 metre, between the tip of working tools and the fertilizer spreader – no less than 1.5 metre, and between the fertilizer spreader center and the tip of working tools making an irrigation furrow – at least 0.74 metre.
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Ponomarenko, I. G., and M. M. Alkerem. "Ensuring the technological process stability of a helical mixer-spreader for mineral fertilizers." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 79, no. 12 (2012): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65991.
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Results of analysis of technological process of mineral fertilizers mixes entering by a spiral-screw mixer-spreader are given. It was shown that deviation of separate systems of mixer-spreader from optimal performance ratio affects on fertilizer distributor operation and disturbs the quality indexes of its performance. Further research guidelines are projected.
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Przywara, Artur, Francesco Santoro, Artur Kraszkiewicz, Anna Pecyna, and Simone Pascuzzi. "Experimental Study of Disc Fertilizer Spreader Performance." Agriculture 10, no. 10 (2020): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100467.
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We report the experimental results of tests aimed at assessing the effects of different settings on the mean radius of mineral fertilizer distribution using a disc fertilizer spreader. Our aim was to improve the performance of fertilizer distribution in sustainable agriculture. Three types of mineral fertilizers with different physical characteristics, commonly used in agriculture, were considered: urea, calcium ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate. A complete randomization method based on a four-factor experimental model was used to study the influence of the functional and operational parameters on the mean radius of fertilizer spread. Fixed model analysis of variance showed that fertilizer type, vane configuration and disc angular velocity explained 91.74% of the variance of the spread mean radius, while linear multiple regression analysis highlighted that the fertilizer dust fraction and disc angular velocity had an overall effect of 82.72%, the former showing an inverse correlation as high as 72.77%.
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Sidneva, Irina, and Vladimir Kurdyumov. "THE RESULTS OF RESEARCH FOR IMPROVING THE WORKING TOOL OF THE MINERAL FERTILIZER SPREADER." SCIENCE IN THE CENTRAL RUSSIA, no. 6 (December 26, 2022): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35887/2305-2538-2022-6-42-49.
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Most of the currently used machines for applying mineral fertilizers with a centrifugal working body are not able to provide sufficient uniformity in the distribution of granular fertilizers at high speeds. It was found in the course of the study that the use of a working body with helical blades instead of straight ones improves the quality of fertilizer application, and the supply of helical blades with straight adjustable blades makes it possible to use such a working body at higher spreading speeds. The developed prototype was tested, along with a serial Jar-Met spreader disc, under various operating modes: machine speed - in the range from 4 km/h to 16 km/h, blade angle from 0 to 20 degrees at the laboratory test complex. The dispersion of the mass of fertilizers per reference area was chosen as an optimization parameter: the smaller it is, the higher the uniformity of fertilizer distribution over the surface. Experimental studies have shown that this parameter of the developed working body of the spreader is several times lower than that of the serial sample. The application of the developed working body of the mineral fertilizer spreader in practice confirmed the results of an experimental study: the wheat yield increased by 6.4 q/ha. The proposed working body makes it possible to distribute mineral fertilizers over the field surface at higher speeds with better uniformity, which ensures top dressing without skipping each plant at a 23.1% higher productivity of the unit. The annual economic effect per one modernized spreader at the doses of mineral fertilizers established in the farm amounted to 96.7 thousand rubles per 1 ha of agricultural land.
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Guan, Zhuohuai, Senlin Mu, Tao Jiang, et al. "Development of Centrifugal Disc Spreader on Tracked Combine Harvester for Rape Undersowing Rice Based on DEM." Agriculture 12, no. 4 (2022): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12040562.
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Rape undersowing rice is an effective method to solve the problem of short crop rotation in rice-rape rotation. Applying of ground fertilizer to rape is one of the most critical aspects in this planting pattern. However, a special fertilizer spreading is required after the rice is harvested, which increases the labor intensity and the compaction of rape and soil and is also hindered by a lack of equipment to complete the harvesting and fertilizer spreading simultaneously. In response to the above issues, a centrifugal disc spreader on a tracked combine harvester for rape undersowing rice was developed. The basic parameters of the spreader were designed based on the agronomic requirements for fertilization and tracked combine harvester. Kinematic and kinetic models of fertilizer particles were developed to determine the key parameters that affect fertilizer spreading. Based on discrete element simulations, the effects of single structure and interaction of centrifugal disc spreader on fertilizer distribution pattern were investigated. The spreading range and coefficient of variation of fertilizer lateral distribution regression models were constructed, and the spreader parameters were optimized based on the regression models. The simulation results and fertilizer spreading performance were verified by bench tests. The results show that the distribution of fertilizer from simulation tests and bench tests was consistent. The coefficient of variation of fertilizer lateral distribution was 13.1% for the simulation test and 14.6% for the bench test. The error of simulation test was 10.3%, which indicates that the simulation result was reliable. The developed centrifugal disc spreader can meet the needs of fertilizer spreading for rape undersowing rice. The results serve as a theoretical basis for the design of a fertilizer spreader and provide new ways to promote accurate and efficient spreading of fertilizer.
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Auernhammer, Hermann. "Multi bin fertilizer spreader." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 17, no. 3 (1997): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1699(97)01314-8.
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Editiya Putra Utama, Jenal Sodikin, Roy Aries Permana Tarigan, Mohammad Nurhilal, and Cecep Deni Mulyadi. "EVALUASI TEKNIS KONSEP PADA DESAIN ALAT PENEBAR PUPUK BUTIRAN." Accurate: Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Science 5, no. 1 (2024): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35970/accurate.v5i1.2373.
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The technique of spreading fertilizer on rice plants is an important part of equalizing land fertility. In general, farmers use their hands to spread granular fertilizer. The spreading process results in an irregular distribution of fertilizer and also takes a relatively long time. The aim of this research is to design a granular fertilizer spreader based on a technical evaluation of the concept. The Pahl and Beitz design method became a theoretical reference in finalizing the design of the granular fertilizer spreader form. Working drawings are prepared based on ISO standards using Solidwork 2018 software. Based on the results of the technical evaluation of the concept, the design of the granular fertilizer spreader is composed of thirty-three constituent components.
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Ou, Mingxiong, Guanqun Wang, Ying Lu, et al. "Structure Optimization and Performance Simulation of a Double-Disc Fertilizer Spreader Based on EDEM-CFD." Agronomy 15, no. 5 (2025): 1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15051025.
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To address practical issues, such as uneven fertilizer distribution and poor particle dispersion, during the operation of a centrifugal double-disc fertilizer spreader, a discrete element method (DEM) simulation was initially performed. In this simulation, the blade inclination angle, fertilizer discharge offset angle, and spreading height were selected as experimental factors. The spreading width and the coefficient of variation (Cv) of fertilizer uniformity served as evaluation indicators. A quadratic orthogonal simulation experiment was designed to evaluate spreading performance. Subsequently, regression equations were established to optimize parameters and determine the optimal design configuration. Experimental results showed optimal performance with a blade inclination angle of −5°, fertilizer discharge offset angle of 45°, spreading height of 1050 mm, and disc rotational speed of 400 rpm. Considering that fertilizer spreaders are susceptible to air resistance and environmental wind during field operations, an EDEM-CFD coupling method was employed to simulate realistic operating conditions. Virtual simulation results demonstrated optimal fertilizer spreading performance at disc rotational speeds ranging from 350 to 400 rpm under tailwind conditions, and from 400 to 500 rpm under headwind conditions. Based on the simulation results, a prototype was built and tested. The experimental results closely matched the simulation predictions, thereby confirming the effectiveness of the simulation model. This study provides valuable insights and serves as a reference for designing and optimizing fertilizer spreader performance under practical operational conditions.
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Artemov, M. P., I. O. Kolodyazhnyi, and V. M. Tretyak. "Estimation of dimensional and qualitative parameters of disk spreader with electric drive." Mehanization and electrification of agricultural, no. 13(112) (2021): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-4.
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Purpose. Experimental methods to estimate the flight range of mineral fertilizer granules, to determine the shape of the fertilizer scattering torch, to compare the results of practical research with theoretical calculations of the flight range. Methods. Full-scale experimental studies of a mock-up sample of a fertilizer spreader. Results. To improve the quality of sieving, a multi-disc device for sifting mineral fertilizers over the field surface is proposed. It is proposed to make the device in the form of independent, functionally independent modules. Each module consists of three independent units: a fertilizer tank with an agitator; horizontal disc dispenser with calibration holes; a horizontal spreader plate. Each of the modules is equipped with its own electric drive, allowing them to be individually adjusted to a specific operating mode. As a result of studies of a prototype dispenser with active forced-batch dosing of bulk mineral fertilizers, its satisfactory performance was obtained. This makes it possible to regulate the dosage of fertilizers on the spreading disc within the specified limits, and the range of spreading the fertilizers through the individual setting of a certain number of rotational speed of the spreading disc. This arrangement does not limit their number and attachment points on the frame, and the working width of the unit will be regulated only by their number and the range of fertilizer spreading by each individual block. Conclusions. The flight range of mineral fertilizer granules depends on the frequency of rotation of the spreading disc, its height above the surface of the field, and the coefficient of windage of the fertilizers. With a change in the location of the spreading disc height from 0.2 to 1 m, at a spreading disc speed of 46.6; 33.3; 50 s-1, the spreading range for granular superphosphate (double) varies from 1.56 to 7.65 m, granular superphosphate from 1.54 to 7.24 m, granular ammonium nitrate from 1.46 to 6 m. The flight ranges of pellets obtained by practical and theoretical methods coincide within the limits of the requirements. The shape of the resulting spreading spot of fertilizer granules allows, in the case of installing several spreading modules in a line, to obtain fertilizer spreading in the form of an elongated ellipse. Keywords: mineral fertilizers, scatter torch, granules, spreading disc, rotation frequency, flight range.
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Cerovic, Vera, Dragan Petrovic, Rade Radojevic, Sasa Barac, and Aleksandar Vukovic. "On the fertilizer particle motion along the vane of a centrifugal spreader disc assuming pure sliding of the particle." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 63, no. 1 (2018): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1801083c.
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At present, spreading of mineral fertilizers in Europe is most commonly performed using centrifugal disk spreaders with attached vanes. The motion of an ideal spherical homogeneous fertilizer particle along the straight vane attached to a flat rotating disc was analyzed in this paper. The analysis was performed in the non-inertial reference coordinate system. From the assumptions introduced to enable analytical describing of the real particle motion as well as the general tools of solid mechanics, the ordinary in-homogenous second-order differential equation having constant coefficients arose. Its solution represents an approximation of the real relative motion of the fertilizer particle along the straight radial vane fixed to the flat horizontal disc rotating at a constant angular velocity. However, the solution of this kind can be very useful for the optimization of centrifugal spreader working parameters.
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Fogal, Marcelo L. de F., Gustavo B. Micheli, Vicente L. Scalon, and Alcides Padilha. "Numerical-experimental comparison of radial fans applied in pneumatic transport of agricultural fertilizer spreaders." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 25, no. 1 (2021): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n1p58-64.
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ABSTRACT This study presents a numerical and experimental comparison of two different types of radial fans used in an agricultural fertilizer spreader at a rotation of 4000 rpm. The numerical analysis was validated through experiments conducted on a test bench using a hot-wire anemometer for velocity measurements and a Pitot tube for pressure readings. A simulation of the agricultural fertilizer spreader was carried out after the experimental validation of the mathematical models of the radial fans on the test bench to evaluate the air distribution behavior along the application nozzles, which was compared to the experimental results. A turbulent mean-field was obtained using the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) and the k-Epsilon turbulence model was used for two equations. The computational fluid dynamics software CFX 18.1 was used to solve the transport equations. Unstructured tetrahedral meshes generated by the ICEM CFD 18.1 software were used in all models. The applied method is adequate and able to reproduce the fluid-dynamic behavior of airflow in pneumatic systems of agricultural fertilizer spreaders, avoiding the need for prototypes.
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Shvarts, Anatoly A., and Ilya V. Korotkov. "Justification of the design parameters of the blade of the rotary working body of the solid fertilizer spreader." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 89, no. 2 (2022): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-105128.
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BACKGROUND: Organic, mineral and organomineral fertilizers in both granular and powder form are used in agricultural production in order to increase of soil fertility significantly, as well as to replenish soil reserves of micro-, meso- and macroelements. For fertilizer screening on a surface of a field, agricultural producers use machines with centrifugal-type working bodies which have horizontal or vertical rotation axis. In pursuance of the task of reducing the shift time consumption, a number of researchers find it reasonable to use a low-frame design of the machine to make direct loading of it from the dump truck body possible. For machines, having such design, rotary spreading working bodies with blades on a horizontal rotation axis are the most suitable.
 AIMS: The article is concerned with the justification of the design parameters of the blades of the rotary spreading working body of the low-frame body spreader of solid mineral and organomineral fertilizers.
 METHODS: The length of the working surface of the rotor blade with a horizontal rotation axis is justified theoretically for the most uniform distribution of solid fertilizers. An example of calculating the length of the blade of such a device based on the previously established overall dimensions of the spreader is given.
 RESULTS: On the basis of experimental data, the expediency of using trough-shaped blades with a length of 110 mm was confirmed. The most effective design parameters of the dimensions of the rotor blades for screening fertilizers were established, taking into account the reduction of possible options for fertilizer granules crushing by means of preventing their recirculation inside the rotor casing. The relevance of research of devices with rotary working bodies on horizontal axes of rotation is argued.
 CONCLUSIONS: Possible prospects for future research and the possibility of further improvement of the low-frame granular fertilizer spreader are proposed.
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PANFEROV, NIKOLAY S. "DESIGN OF A CENTRIFUGAL WORKING UNIT OF A MINERAL FERTILIZER SPREADER." Agricultural engineering, no. 6 (2022): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2022-6-47-53.
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In variable-rate application of solid mineral fertilizers (SMF), working units of centrifugal fertilizer distributors can regulate precisely the application rate and evenly distribute pellets over the fi eld. To determine the most rational parameters and modes of a solid fertilizer distributor, infl uencing the fl ight path of pellets and the uniformity of their distribution over the fi eld, the authors carried out theoretical and experimental research of a centrifugal disc of a solid fertilizer distributor equipped with a rotary acceleration chamber and a set of exchangeable U-shaped blades. The authors describe the infl uence of the blade length on the trajectory and the fl ight distance of the fertilizer pellets as well as the infl uence of the rotation of the dispersal chamber outlet window on the fertilizer distribution pattern. The experiment on determining aerodynamic properties of the nitroammonium phosphate pellets (60:60:60) was carried out using the developed laboratory bench of the solid fertilizer distributor. The experiment allowed determining the physical parameters of pellets infl uencing the range and trajectory of their fl ight - the winglet ratio and the critical speed. It was found that the rotation displacement of the dispersal chamber outlet window of the spreading disc leads to the displacement of the intensive coverage zone in the direction of the window rotation. This makes it possible to regulate the intensity and has a direct impact on the distribution zone of solid mineral fertilizers. The paper justifi es the most rational design of the spreading disc. The research proved that the greatest uniformity of solid mineral fertilizer spreading is observed when using a disk with eight paired coaxially located blades with a length of 300, 250, 200, and 100 mm.
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Romano, Elio, Andrea Bragaglio, Carlo Bisaglia, Alberto Assirelli, Elia Premoli, and Simone Bergonzoli. "Case Study on the Economic and Environmental Impact of the Introduction of the Variable-Rate Distribution of Fertilizer in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivation." Sustainability 16, no. 4 (2024): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16041612.
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Fertilization plays a strategic role in the cultivation of wheat, contributing to harvest yield, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. However, similarly to all farm inputs, it has both economic and environmental impacts due to fertilizer dispersion into the environment during its distribution, as well as any excess fertilizer not used by the crop. Precision agriculture, which introduces the possibility of distributing fertilizer following prescription maps, has an immediate effect on dosage compliance according to the request and potential for use by each homogeneous area of the crop. An experimental field (about 15 hectares) at the Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) of Treviglio (BG) in Northern Italy was fertilized using a centrifugal fertilizer spreader combined with a tractor, equipped with a satellite system to distribute urea led by prescription maps. The purposes of this research were to verify (i) the effect of fertilization, performed with precision agriculture (PA) criteria at a variable rate; (ii) the comparison of the economic impact of the quantities of fertilizer required by precision agriculture compared to the distribution required in previous years (fertilizers administered according to conventional agriculture). The treated areas showed a significant yield improvement (almost 14%) when fertilization was performed according to the prescription map. With a negligible margin of error of less than 0.001, the total amount of fertilizer used was the same in both years.
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Truflyak, E. V., M. Y. Dadou Mones, and I. S. Truflyak. "Comparative Experiment on the Use of Unmanned and Ground-Based Technologies of Fertilizer and Crop Protection Products on Winter Barley." E3S Web of Conferences 398 (2023): 01024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339801024.
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The results of a comparative experiment of the use of an agricultural drone Agras T10 and ground agricultural machines (Amazone ZA-X Perfect fertilizer spreader, Amazone UF-901 sprayer) for the application of nitrogen fertilizers and plant protection products (herbicides, insecticides and fungicides treatment) are presented. Yield of experimental and control plots, economic efficiency of unmanned and ground technologies are determined. Calculation of economic efficiency of unmanned technology showed that its productivity is 4 times less. While using this technology with differentiated fertilizer application the winter barley yield increased by 3,6% while the amount of fertilizer application decreased by 2%. Consumption of fuel and lubricants decreased by 1.4 times, metal consumption by 26.7 times.
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Xu, Bing, Qingliang Cui, Lina Guo, and Lirong Hao. "Design and Parameter Optimization of a Combined Rotor and Lining Plate Crushing Organic Fertilizer Spreader." Agronomy 14, no. 8 (2024): 1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081732.
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To address the inefficient crushing of fertilizer during the mechanized spreading process caused by the caking of high-humidity organic fertilizer, a fertilizer spreader with a combined rotor and lining plate crushing mechanism was proposed in this paper. With the introduction of the basic structure and working principle of the spreader, a particle group model for an organic fertilizer consisting of both caked and bulk fertilizer was built, based on the Hertz–Mindlin model with bonding and the Hertz–Mindlin model with JKR contact, in EDEM to construct an organic fertilizer-crushing-and-spreading model. With the rotor speed, the axial distance of the hammer, and the number of circumferential hammer groups as the experimental factors and the maximum broken bond rate of the caked organic fertilizer and the minimum coefficient of variation of spreading uniformity as the experimental indices, the Box–Behnken test method was employed to establish regression equations for response surface analysis and multi-objective optimization of the test results. The results indicated that, when the rotor speed was 6.47 Hz, the axial distance of the hammer was 90.30 mm, the number of circumferential hammer groups was five, the broken bond rate reached 90.86%, and the coefficient of variation was 21.45%. Verification tests under these conditions showed a broken bond rate of 90.03% and a coefficient of variation of 22.12%, which were consistent with the optimization results. Therefore, our research provides a reference for the structural design of an organic fertilizer spreader and the optimization of its working parameters.
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Lekomtsev, Peter, and Andrey Komarov. "Maintaining soil fertility by optimizing the use of nitrogen fertilizers in precision farming system." BIO Web of Conferences 67 (2023): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236702002.
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The article presents data of research on conservation and improvement of soil fertility using precision farming technologies. The study was carried out under conditions of humid climate (North-West of Russia, Leningrad region). Technologies for differentiated application of nitrogen fertilizers were tested in the fields of the Agrophysical Research Institute. In comparison with high-intensity agricultural technologies, differentiated fertilizer application was used, which was carried out with the help of a solid mineral fertilizer spreader with an on-board computer and GPS Amazon ZA-M 1500. Precision farming technologies had slightly more complex modifications. They were characterized by the introduction of increasingly informative methods of differentiated use of nitrogen fertilizers, which reduced fertilizer doses. New instruments, equipment and technologies were used, including the use of an N-sensor optical instrument, aerial photographic maps and calibration test sites with predefined nitrogen doses.
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Dun, Guoqiang, Ning Mao, Xinxin Ji, Fuli Zhang, and Wenyi Ji. "Optimal Design and Experiment of Corn-Overlapped Strip Fertilizer Spreader." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (2023): 2559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042559.
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As the complex terrain in hilly areas is not conducive to corn mid-tillage precision fertilization, a corn-overlapped strip fertilizer spreader was designed without an external power source. By configuring a passive overlapping spreading method with a three-branch split chamber structure, the uniform spreading of fertilizer in strips was achieved. A horizontal and vertical movement model of fertilizer spreading was developed to determine the angle of the fertilizer extending tube, the width of fattening small plates, and the height of the fertilizer spread as the main factors affecting the fertilizer distribution pattern. The single-factor ternary orthogonal rotational combination response surface simulation test was carried out with pendulum angle, width, and height as test factors and the transversal fertilizer uniformity coefficient and longitudinal fertilizer uniformity coefficient as test indicators. The test results showed that the pendulum angle, height, and width had significant effects (p < 0.05) on the transversal fertilizer uniformity coefficient, and the pendulum angle and width had a considerable impact (p < 0.05) on the longitudinal fertilizer uniformity coefficient. In the optimal combination of parameters, swing angle 52°, height 400 mm, and width 50 mm operation, the coefficients of uniformity of both the transversal fertilizer uniformity coefficient and longitudinal fertilizer uniformity coefficient were less than 0.15%. A verification test was carried out under the optimal combination of parameters for the simulation tests with the simulation conditions as the standard. The test results were consistent with the simulation results within the error range. The deviation values of the transversal fertilizer uniformity coefficient and longitudinal fertilizer uniformity coefficient were 8.11% and 9.01%, respectively. The corn-overlapped strip fertilizer spreader was able to complete the fertilizer spreading operation smoothly. This study provides evidence for further optimizing the performance of the corn mid-tillage fertilizer applicator.
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Pavlenko, S. "Modernization of «PRT-10» organic fertilizer spreader for the use in mechanized composting technology." Technical and technological aspects of development and testing of new machinery and technologies for agriculture of Ukraine 1, no. 33(47) (2023): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2023-2-33(47)-9.
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The purpose of the work is to present the results of testing mock-up samples of technical devices and equipment for the «PRT-10» organic fertilizer spreader to ensure that they fulfill the functional capabilities of mechanized composting and meet the requirements of the technological regulations. Methods and materials. To form a shoulder width of 2.5-3.5 m, a modernized spreader of organic fertilizers of the «PRT-10» type with replaceable drum-milling working bodies was used. Mock-up samples of the working bodies proposed by the author were installed at the places of installation of the existing drums, the main structural difference of which is the presence of right and left spiral lines. The blade installations are directed toward each other, which ensures the movement of raw materials from the side walls to the middle of the container. At the same time, the design of the drive of the working bodies did not change. Results. One of the options for increasing the efficiency of compost production is the expansion of technological capabilities and the development of additional technical devices and equipment for the spreader of organic fertilizers «PRT-10». The design of the mechanized composting device proposed by the author is a separate replaceable module installed on the rear board at the location of two drums of the «PRT-10» serial device. The main purpose of the replaceable module is pre-grinding, mixing of components, and formation of the edge during the preparation of a multi-component mixture that accumulates in the spreader trailer in the technology of mechanized composting. The use in the construction of the «PRT-10» serial spreader of interchangeable drums with the right and left directions of blade installation provides the technological height of the formed edge up to 1.6-1.7 m. The width of the base of the edge is 2.5-3.0 m, which agrees with the basic width values captured by aerators-mixers. The productivity of the unloading tool is up to 100 t/h. A special device for moistening mixtures with a moisture content of 30-45% ensures the introduction of water up to 40-60 l/t. Calculations carried out by the author on the use of the modernized spreader of organic fertilizers «PRT-10» and the aerator-mixer «AZK-2» in the production of composts proved economic advantages in the form of a reduction in fuel consumption during 4 cycles of aeration of the mixture – by 2.5 times. Conclusions. The use of a modernized device on transport units makes it possible to reduce the number of technical means involved in auxiliary operations of mechanized composting. Compost production using the modernized «PRT-10» spreader is economically feasible in existing economic conditions up to 2.0-2.2 thousand tons per processing season. For larger volumes, it is more appropriate to use the «AZK-2» trailed aerator mixer. Key words: compost mixture, burt, modernized spreader, replaceable drum, attached device, moistening, straw layer, mixing, grinding.
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Zimmermann, Gabriel Ganancini, Samir Paulo Jasper, Leonardo Leônidas Kmiecik, Lauro Strapasson Neto, Thiago Xavier da Silva, and Yasser Alabi Oiole. "Development of test bench to determine the distribution of granular fertilizers in planting rows using spiral roller, two spiral rollers and fluted roller." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0243799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243799.
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The success of the application of granular fertilizers (GFs) in planting rows depends on the uniformity and performance of product dispensing systems, which are influenced by external factors. The objective of this study was to determine the outflow rates of two GF formulations (GF1 04-14-08 and GF2 04-30-10) using three types of fertilizer spreader—with one spiral roller (A), two spiral rollers (B), or a fluted roller (C)—and three operating speeds (1,11, 1.94, and 2.77 m s-1). The following parameters were determined in GFs: density, angle of repose, water content, and segregation (particle size). In the designed test bench, GFs were transferred from a reservoir to a spreader, and ultimately to a container, where they were weighed, and data were transmitted to the data acquisition system (DAS). A total of 7,560 outflow data points were collected (g s-1) and subjected to descriptive analysis of measures of central tendency, dispersion, asymmetry, and kurtosis, and Shewhart control charts were generated. Particle density and segregation were significantly different between the GFs, whereas the angle of repose and water content were not significantly different. The bench design and the DAS allowed measuring the outflow of GFs in different spreaders and demonstrated that this parameter was influenced by particle segregation. The segregation of GF1 was higher than that of GF2. The outflow variability at the speed of 1.11 m s-1 was lower, and the spreader with a fluted roller had the highest uniformity and was the most suitable for application with variable rates.
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Karpenko, Vladimir Denisovich, Boris Fedorovich Tarasenko, and Viktor Aleksandrovich Drobot. "A SPREADER FOR ORGANIC FERTILIZER FROM PILES." Polythematic Online Scientific Journal of Kuban State Agrarian University, no. 170 (2021): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21515/1990-4665-170-004.
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Shailesh, Chaudhari* Mansuri Naeem Prajapati Jigar Prajapati Preyash. "DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF FERTILIZER SPREADER MACHINE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 4 (2017): 62–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.495879.
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India is agricultural based country. Our economy is also depends on agricultural related product. In the recent days it has been found that farmers are unable to grain more crop production by use of conventional agricultural methods.This project is based on manually fertilization process. A method is generated to spread the fertilizer over a fallow land by dropping the fertilizer over the impeller disc. The project design divided in to three level, top level, middle level, bottom level. Top level consists a solar module. Middle level consist a hopper, impeller disc, motor. The bottom level consists tires. The whole design is supported by frame and column.This project has solved the problem of traditional way of fertilization.
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Anatoly, Shwarz, Korotkov Ilya, Shwarz Sergey, and Vetrov Ivan. "Theoretical prerequisites for improving the body low loader granular fertilizer spreader." BIO Web of Conferences 37 (2021): 00073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213700073.
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It is known that the use of granular forms of fertilizers is a universal solution for plant growing enterprises using organic, mineral, organomineral fertilizers in their activities. For crop farming enterprises, the application of granular fertilizers is the most convenient way to enrich the soil with nutrients. For the surface main application and top dressing, spreaders of different designs are used, distributing fertilizers in a continuous layer with different indicators of uniformity. At present, the development of machines of various designs is underway to operate applying solid fertilizers. The main tasks of research by various authors in the field of mechanization of the distribution of fertilizers over the surface of the field are to reduce the uneven distribution of fertilizers across the width, increase the sowing width, as well as reduce the changeover time for the fertilization operation. The article presents studies related to the improvement of the design of the working bodies of the machine for applying granular fertilizers, installed on the horizontal axis of rotation. To achieve the goal of increasing the working width of the unit without reducing the quality of the sifting, an option was proposed to supplement the design of a low-frame body spreader for solid fertilizers.
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Семыкин, В. А., В. Н. Трубников, and И. В. Коротков. "EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE OPERATION OF AN ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION DISC FOR A GRANULATED FERTILIZER SPREADER." Bulletin of Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, no. 4(76) (December 25, 2023): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.48012/1817-5457_2023_4_68-75.
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Современное интенсивное сельское хозяйство невозможно без применения минеральных, органических и органо-минеральных удобрений в гранулированной форме. Внесение гранулированных удобрений – производственный процесс, зависящий от множества факторов: конструктивных особенностей машин для внесения удобрений, способов внесения и транспортировки вносимых материалов. На кафедре «Процессы и машины в агроинженерии» Курского ГАУ накоплен опыт теоретической и практической реализации научных работ по рациональному применению энергетических машин для основных технологических операций, связанных с внесением гранулированных удобрений. Разработан образец низкорамного разбрасывателя гранулированных удобрений с двумя основными разбрасывающими устройствами роторного типа и дополнительным разбрасывающим устройством. Целью настоящих исследований является экспериментальная проверка и определение основных параметров дополнительного разбрасывающего устройства для восполнения полосы рассева между зонами действия основных разбрасывающих устройств. В ходе работы были обоснованы конструктивные параметры разбрасывающего рабочего органа на вертикальной оси вращения – в форме разбрасывающего диска, а также определена зависимость равномерности распределения удобрений по ширине полосы рассева с учетом работы основных разбрасывающих устройств и дополнительного разбрасывающего диска. Проведен многофакторный эксперимент с использованием стационарной установки, а также анализ результатов экспериментальных испытаний. Установлена конструкция дополнительного разбрасывающего устройства, позволяющая наиболее равномерно распределять удобрения по заданной полосе рассева. Modern intensive agriculture is impossible without the use of mineral, organic and organo-mineral fertilizers in granular form. The introduction of granular fertilizers is an operating process that depends on many factors: the design features of fertilizer machines, methods of application and transportation of the applied materials. The Department of Processes and Machines in Agroengineering of the Kursk State Agrarian University has accumulated experience in theoretical and practical implementation of scientific works on the rational use of energy machines for basic technological operations related to the introduction of granulated fertilizers. A sample of a low-frame granulated fertilizer spreader with two main rotor-type spreaders and an additional spreader has been developed. The purpose of these studies is to experimentally verify and determine the main parameters of an additional spreading device to replenish the sieving band between the zones of operation of the main spreading devices. In the course of the work, the design parameters of the spreading working body on the vertical axis of rotation – in the form of a spreading disc – were substantiated, and the dependence of the uniformity of the distribution of fertilizers over the width of the sowing strip was determined, taking into account the operation of the main spreading devices and an additional spreading disc. A multifactorial experiment using a stationary installation was carried out, as well as an analysis of the results of experimental tests. The design of an additional spreading device has been installed, which allows the fertilizers to be distributed most evenly over a given seeding band.
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Krištof, Koloman, Tomáš Šima, Ladislav Nozdrovický, Ján Jobbágy, Jan Mareček, and Vlastimil Slaný. "Application of Nitrogen Fertilizers and Its Effect on Timeliness of Fertilizers Decomposition Resulting in Lost of Nitrogen Through Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Soil." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 3 (2018): 691–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866030691.
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Fertilizers are an important tool to maintain soil fertility and as an enhancement for the efficient crop production. The system of fertilizers application affects the final dose and commonly causes local overdosing or insuficient spatial distribution of fertilizers which are a very important source of nitrous oxide emissions (N2O) from the soil into the atmospher observation of such phenomenon are among the key factors defining environmental impacts of agriculture. A study was conducted to observe the effect of application dose of fertilizer on N2O emission from the soil. CAN (Calcium ammonium nitrate – consist of 27 % nitrogen) was spread by a fertiliser spreader Kuhn Axera 1102 H-EMC aggregated with a tractor John Deere 6150 M. Incorporation of fertilizer into the soil was done by power harrow Pöttinger Lion 302. The application dose was set at 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg.ha–1 while monitoring points were selected at the base of this application doses in respective places. Measurements were conducted at time intervals 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after fertiliser application and following incorporation. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured by field gas monitor set INNOVA consisting of a photoacoustic gas monitor INNOVA 1412 and a multipoint sampler INNOVA 1309. Statistically significant differences was found among time intervals and among the application dose (p > 0.05). It was observed that the application dose of selected fertilizers has the direct effect on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions released from soil into the atmosphere. An increase of greenhouse gas emissions was observed in range from 0.83 to 152.33 %. It can be concluded that the local overdose of fertilizers negatively affects environmental impact of agricultural practices at greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs).
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Fulton, John P., Ravinder K. Thaper, Simerjeet S. Virk, Timothy McDonald, and Oladiran Fasina. "Effect of Vane Shape on Fertilizer Distribution for a Dual-Disc Spinner Spreader." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 36, no. 5 (2020): 743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13634.
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Abstract.Spinner-disc spreaders are commonly used for application of granular fertilizers with components (divider, spinner-discs, and vanes) influencing material flow behavior and distribution. Fertilizer ricocheting off these components is an uncontrolled aspect of material flow that negatively impacts spread uniformity. Therefore, an investigation using potash (KCl) was conducted to understand the impact of vane shape on fertilizer flow, ricocheting and distribution for a dual-disc spinner spreader. Four different vane shapes were used in this study. The first two vanes (Vanes 1 and 2) were common to this type of spinner spreader with a tapered and open-faced design. However, Vane 1 had a forward tapered top edge at an angle of 32° while Vane 2 had a top edge that was tapered backwards at 15°. Vanes 3 and 4 both had C-channel cross sections with Vane 3 tapered from inside out but Vane 4 had a constant height. Treatments included application rates of 220 and 440 kg/ha using three spinner disc speeds (600, 700, and 800 rpm). Stationary tests were conducted using a collection device that mounted around the spinner discs and vanes in order to estimate fertilizer particle exit points off the vanes. Standard pan tests were conducted to characterize resulting spread patterns, effective spread width, and spread uniformity. Results indicated that the level of ricocheting was significantly impacted by top edge design of a vane and increased with disc speed. The forward, upward facing top edge of Vane 1 caused on average, 26% of the material flow to be ricocheted by the vanes thereby inducing an uncontrolled nature of spread. However, the rearward facing top edge of Vane 2 reduced ricocheting by 13% plus generated a backward particle rotation for those contacting it. The majority of ricocheting occurred when particles contacted the vanes compared to the spinner discs. Ricocheting generated an uncontrollable aspect of the spread pattern with these particles applied along the centerline of the spreader. The effective spread width increased with disc speed. All four vane shapes generated equal effective spread widths of 18.3 and 21.3 m at 600 and 700 rpm, respectively. However, at 800 rpm, Vane 4 generated the greatest effective spread width of 24.4 m compared to 22.9 m for the other three vanes. The wider spread width for Vane 4 was contributed to the rectangular U cross-section maximizing the horizontal velocity of potash particles when exiting the vanes compared to the other three, more open faced vanes. Finally, the spread uniformity varied by vane shape with Vane 2 consistently generating the lowest CVs. Keywords: Distribution, Ricocheting, Vane Design, Spread uniformity, pattern.
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DEJŐ, Roland-Sandor, Ovidiu MARIAN, Alexandru GHEȚE, and Ovidiu RANTA. "Determination of Qualitative Indicators of Work in the Application of Solid Chemical Fertilizers." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 81, no. 2 (2024): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:2024.0013.
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One main means of achieving a constant, reliable and high-value yield is by correctly applying the fertilizers. The correct use of fertilizers implies the scientific basis and the knowledge of all the factors that influence the efficiency of their application. The main aim of the experiment was to study the uniformity of fertilizer application at different travel speeds. In the present study, the machinery used was a Massey Ferguson tractor with a Rauch spreader that was working at the speeds of 6, 11, 17 km/h. The fertilizer was collected and measured with a Kern precision balance. The obtained results show that at the travel speed of 6 km/h, the distributed quantity of fertilizer was between 24.04 g/m2 and 31.81 g/m2 on the membrane verified on 3 different determinations. Using an 11km/h travel speed the results obtained were between 24.14 g/m2 and 26.78 g/m2, by using this results we could determine that this speed was the most appropriate for carrying out the fertilizing process. Lastly, the speed that was used was 17 km/h and the obtained quantity of fertilizer was between 16.85g/m2 and 31.31 g/m2.
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Kostenko, M. Yu, M. A. Gaibaryan, V. S. Teterin, N. S. Panferov, S. V. Mitrofanov, and N. N. Gapeeva. "Theoretical Substantiation of the Parameters of the Centrifugal Spreader Working Bodies." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2021-2-16-20.
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The processes of movement of granules of solid mineral fertilizers on the surface of the spreading disc blade are described, and the main parameters at the moment of their descent from the blades are determined. It was found that the main factors that determine the speed of a fertilizer particle when it moves along a horizontal disc along a rectilinear blade are the blade length and the angular velocity of the spreading disc.
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Kailashkumar.B, Gunaseelan.S, Dharanidharan.K, and Anbarasan.S. "Performance Assessment of a Manually Operated Farmyard Manure Spreader." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, no. 11 (2024): 540–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i113075.
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Farm Yard Manure (FYM) is a traditional and widely used organic fertilizer and soil conditioner in agriculture. It is composed of decomposed organic materials derived from farmyard waste, such as animal dung, plant residues, and other organic matter found on farms. The process of creating FYM involves collecting, piling, and allowing these organic materials to undergo natural decomposition over a period of time. This breakdown is facilitated by microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and earthworms. This research primarily focus on improving the uniformity of manure distribution, enhancing operational efficiency, and ensuring environmental sustainability. The spreader was constructed using durable materials, including a mild steel frame and a stainless steel hopper with a 5 kg capacity. Key performance indicators such as spreading width, uniformity, operational efficiency, and labor savings were measured. The results indicated that the spreader significantly outperformed traditional methods and basic mechanized spreaders in terms of efficiency and uniformity of manure application. The use spinning disc ensured consistent discharge rates and reduced the risk of blockages. Factors affecting the discharge rate, such as manure characteristics (moisture content, particle size, and consistency), spreader design (hopper shape, discharge mechanism, and opening size), operational parameters (spreader and beater speed, hydraulic pressure), field conditions (terrain and soil type), and environmental factors (temperature and weather), were analyzed in detail. The study highlighted the importance of regular maintenance and calibration in achieving optimal performance. The economic analysis demonstrated that the investment in this advanced manure spreader is justified by increased crop yields and reduced labor costs. Additionally, the environmental impact assessment showed improved nutrient management and reduced emissions, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices. The developed farmyard manure spreader offers a robust solution for efficient and uniform manure application, addressing the needs of modern farming practices.
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Hofstee, J. W. "Handling and Spreading of Fertilizers: Part 4, The Reciprocating Spout Type Fertilizer Spreader." Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 62, no. 1 (1995): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1995.1059.
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Hofstee, J. W. "Handling and Spreading of Fertilizers: Part 5, The Spinning Disc Type Fertilizer Spreader." Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 62, no. 3 (1995): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1995.1073.
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Su, Dongxu, Weixiang Yao, Fenghua Yu, et al. "Single-Neuron PID UAV Variable Fertilizer Application Control System Based on a Weighted Coefficient Learning Correction." Agriculture 12, no. 7 (2022): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12071019.
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Agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which are a new type of fertilizer application technology, have been rapidly developed internationally. This study combines the agronomic characteristics of rice fertilization with weighted coefficient learning-modified single-neuron adaptive proportional–integral–differential (PID) control technology to study and design an aerial real-time variable fertilizer application control system that is suitable for rice field operations in northern China. The nitrogen deficiency at the target plot is obtained from a map based on a fertilizer prescription map, and the amount of fertilizer is calculated by a variable fertilizer application algorithm. The advantages and disadvantages of the two control algorithms are analyzed by a MATLAB simulation in an indoor test, which is integrated into the spreading system to test the effect of actual spreading. A three-factor, three-level orthogonal test of fertilizer-spreading performance is designed for an outdoor test, and the coefficient of variation of particle distribution Cv (a) as well as the relative error of fertilizer application λ (b) are the evaluation indices. The spreading performance of the spreading system is the best and can effectively achieve accurate variable fertilizer application when the baffle opening is 4%, spreading disc speed is 600 r/min, and flight height is 2 m, with a and b of evaluation indexes of 11.98% and 7.02%, respectively. The control error of the spreading volume is 7.30%, and the monitoring error of the speed measurement module is less than 30 r/min. The results show that the centrifugal variable fertilizer spreader improves the uniformity of fertilizer spreading and the accuracy of fertilizer application, which enhances the spreading performance of the centrifugal variable fertilizer spreader.
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Schumann, Arnold W. "Precise Placement and Variable Rate Fertilizer Application Technologies for Horticultural Crops." HortTechnology 20, no. 1 (2010): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.1.34.
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Fertilizer spreaders capable of variable rate application are increasingly important for enhancing nutrient management in horticultural crops because they improve placement and increase nutrient uptake efficiency. Matching applied fertilizer to fertilizer requirements represents a significant input cost saving for the grower and a reduction in potential pollutant loading to ground and surface water. Variable rate fertilization (VRF) is a precision agriculture technology made possible by embedded high-speed computers, accurate Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, yield or soil maps, actuators, and electronic sensors capable of measuring and even forecasting crop properties in real time. For tree crops like Florida citrus (Citrus spp.), the most important function of the VRF spreader is to detect and avoid fertilizing spaces of the orchard not occupied by trees. Treeless spaces are becoming more common in Florida as diseases such as citrus greening (Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus) and canker (Xanthomonas axonopodis) cause the removal of thousands of trees every year. VRF works best under those conditions. Because VRF exploits crop and soil variability, it has no value in a perfectly uniform field. VRF enables smaller trees including resets to be fertilized at lower, most appropriate rates, thus minimizing any excess application. This article examines the existing knowledge on using precision agriculture and variable rate technology to keep water and nutrients in the root zone of horticultural crops, thus facilitating maximum uptake efficiency.
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P. M., Deshpande. "Design and Development of Manually Operated Fertilizer Spreader." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 6, no. 3 (2018): 2402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.3385.
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Rushikesh, Shinde, Jadhav Anil, Kamble Sourabh, and Latthe Kapila. "Solid Fertilizer Spreading Machine: A Review." Journal of Industrial Mechanics 5, no. 1 (2020): 31–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3782359.
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In India most of the people are farmer. They are doing not use any machine for spreading fertilizers in farm. They speared the fertilizer by hands. Due to this the farmer requires the extra efforts to fertilizer spreading. To reduce this effort, we produce the solid fertilizer spreading machine. The objective of this invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive fertilizer spreader, in a form of a ‘walk-behind’ device which may be easily and quickly pushed by the farmers for spreading solid fertilizers like urea. Solid fertilizer spreading machine is one of the simplest machine which spreads the fertilizer in required quantity. The traditional type of fertilizer spreading which causes improper spreading of the fertilizer. So we are made the fertilizer spreading machine which eliminates this drawback. The main peculiarity of machine is its automatic working, reduced man power, required less time. We read the various research papers then we have proper idea what is actual problem. We referred published papers of fertilizer spreading machine. There are different researchers who invented different types of fertilizer spreading machines. They publish their papers and the papers published are given below: Chaudhari et. al [1], Laghari et. al. [2], Narode R. R et al. [3], Kweon& Grift [4], Das et al. [5]. We referred all this research papers. We found that there is need of simple advantaging in the agricultural operations (use machines to carry out basic agricultural operations like fertilizing, irrigation, weeding, etc.) as it increases the production and decreases the wastage of labor force. Present machineries available are costly and not useful for small scale farmers. So, we are going to produce solid fertilizer spreading machine by considering the medium or small-scale famer which helps to them to easy fertilizer spreading. The 25Kg of fertilizer is stored in the hopper. Due to the weight of the fertilizer the fertilizer is slowly discharged from the hopper. This discharged fertilizer is strikes to the vanes on the circular plate which is mounted on the shaft of 12V DC motor. When the switch is turned on the DC motor star rotating. Due to this rotation of motor the fertilizer is spread over the land. We tested our project in farm the 150kg of fertilizer is required for the 1-acre land. This project results in the increase in equality of fertilizer spreading, better crop yield, and minimum time is required to spread, less human fatigue, optimum use of fertilizers and less waste at less cost as compared to current available machines. The small or medium scale farmers will be satisfied by solid fertilizer spreading machine and they can proper meet the nutritional requirements of soil with help of this machine. This product is also different from other machines mainly because of its simple design. We have motor only unlike gear assembly used in available machines in market. Due to this cost is reduced and efficiency is increased
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Azarenko, V. V., and A. A. Zheshko. "Results of development of a software application for calculating the performance indicators of machines for fertilizers application." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 62, no. 2 (2024): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2024-62-2-145-155.
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It has been determined that the volume of global production and consumption of mineral fertilizers continues to grow, while their production resources are limited, which requires improving both technical means for fertilizers application and solving organizational issues of arable farming chemicalization, which ultimately will allow for high-quality distribution of fertilizers over the field surface within optimal agrotechnical terms. The tasks can be solved by increasing the accuracy of tools for calculating the basic performance indicators of machines for fertilizers application, which became possible due to development of electronic cartographic services and specialized tools for assembling machine and tractor units. The reserve for increasing the performance of arable farming chemicalization machines is also the determination of their rational design parameters depending on specific production conditions, such as the length of the run, contour of the fields, specifics of the organization of fertilizer application, the distance from the fertilizer warehouse to the work site and local logistics. In this regard, an analytical dependence is proposed to determine the functional relationship of performance with the main design parameters of the fertilizer spreader, which is an additional criterion for choosing a rational combination of machine and tractor units for fertilization, taking into account specific production conditions. An algorithm has been developed that is implemented in a software application for calculating the performance indicators of machines for fertilizers application.
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Didukh, Volodymyr, Igor Tsiz, Victor Tarasyuk, and Serhiі Khomych. "Research of the Process of Formation of a Moisture-retaining Layer in the Soil." National Interagency Scientific and Technical Collection of Works. Design, Production and Exploitation of Agricultural Machines, no. 53 (2023): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2414-3820.2023.53.149-157.
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The purpose of the article is to study the regularity of moisture redistribution from organic fertilizers of high humidity to soil layers for the formation of a moisture-retaining layer during the cultivation of agricultural crops. For research, soil, organic fertilizers of high humidity and soil again were laid in layers in cylindrical containers. The moisture content of the layers was measured every 7-10 days. As a result, a clear distribution of the humidity of the layers was found in all variants of the experiment. The minimum humidity is found in the upper layer. The greatest migration of moisture to the upper layer took place on clay soil and the application of organic fertilizer sapropel + chaff of wheat straw. The moisture accumulated in the middle layer of organic fertilizers migrated the most to the lower layer in all variants of the experiment with clay soil, where the equalization of moisture in the middle and lower layers occurred during the first 30 days of the study. In the variants of the experiment with sandy soil, the maximum moisture retention in the middle layer was found for the organic fertilizer sapropel + wood sawdust and sapropel + wheat straw chaff. In order to implement the process of forming a layer of fertilizers with increased soil moisture under the conditions of growing agricultural crops of the wide-row sowing method, a scheme of a modernized spreader of organic fertilizers is proposed. The revealed regularities indicate the expediency of using sapropel of natural humidity for the formation of a nutrient layer on sandy soil. For the purpose of mechanized application by the working bodies of machines for solid organic fertilizers, it is advisable to mix sapropel with available organic fillers. The introduction of a method of growing agricultural crops with a wide-row sowing method, which involves the creation of strips of organic fertilizers of high humidity in the soil, can be implemented on the basis of a modernized, according to the scheme given in the article, spreader of organic fertilizers.
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Andrade, Alan Delon, Gabriel Araújo e Silva Ferraz, Murilo Machado de Barros, et al. "Characterization of the Transverse Distribution of Fertilizer in Coffee Plantations." Agronomy 10, no. 4 (2020): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040601.
Full textAbstract:
Considering the impact of fertilizers on coffee production costs, the search for greater efficiency in the use of these inputs has an important role. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the transverse distribution of fertilizer by a centrifugal spreader in a coffee plantation and to compare two operating modes: fertilizer application on one side (FA1), or both sides (FA2) of the coffee plants. In addition, three doses (200, 300 and 400 kg ha−1) of monoammonium phosphate and three spreading disk rotation speeds (240, 375 and 750 rpm) were tested. To characterize fertilizer distribution profiles, collectors were placed under the canopy of coffee plants, and the collected fertilizer was weighed. From the data obtained, distribution profile histograms were constructed, and coefficients of variation were calculated for each treatment. Distribution profiles with higher uniformity were related to the morphologic characteristics of the coffee plants. Regarding the operating modes evaluated, FA1 presented better results with a disk rotation speed of 750 rpm (FA1-W3); FA2 produced the best results with a disk rotation speed of 240 rpm. By relating these results with information on root morphology, FA1-W3 was found to be the most appropriate application method.
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Gaibaryan, M. A., N. N. Novikov, V. S. Teterin, V. I. Sidorkin, N. N. Gapeeva, and M. M. Varfolomeeva. "Synchronization of the operation of a solid mineral fertilizer spreader and auxiliary machines and mechanisms." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 4 (April 27, 2021): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2021-4-15-19.
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The processes of synchronization of the operation of a solid mineral fertilizer spreader and auxiliary machines are described. The methodological approaches are determined. The methodology for calculating and substantiating the parameters and operating modes of the conveyor system for the mineral fertilizer handling is presented. The functional relationships between the parameters of the working bodies of mechanisms and machines involved in the fertilization process and the necessary conditions for their synchronous (uninterrupted) operation are discussed.
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Khmyrov, Viktor Dmitrievich, Dmitry Valerievich Guryanov, and Vyacheslav Borisovich Kudenko. "Litter processing technology into organic fertilizer." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 12 (December 29, 2021): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i12pp127-129.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the designs of a loader agitator, a shredder and an aerator of burts for the preparation of high-quality organic fertilizer from manure. The loader-agitator destroys the manure layer when keeping chickens on the floor and loads it into a spreader-shredder, which grinds the manure and puts it in a ground trench with a height of 1.5 meters and a width of 2 meters. In the ground trench, the litter is saturated with air for the intensity of the biological process, and aeration needle electrodes create a DC electric field and hygienize the organic mass after 5 days, a high-quality organic fertilizer is obtained.
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Richard L. Parish. "Evaluation of Two Methods of Fertilizer Spreader Pattern Correction." Transactions of the ASAE 29, no. 2 (1986): 0370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.30155.
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Liping, Zhang, Li Kuiduo, Luo Haowei, Zheng Weiqiang, and Ge Yuanyue. "Study on Fertilizer Spreading Performance of a Sieve Bucket-Type Fertilizer Spreader for Orchards." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 16, no. 3 (2023): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25103/jestr.163.20.
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Mamatov, F. M., Z. L. Batirov, M. S. Khalilov, and J. B. Kholiyarov. "Three-Tiered Fertilizer Application with a Spreading Funnel of a Subsoil Tiller." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 13, no. 4 (2019): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2019-13-4-48-53.
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The authors have shown that current methods of soil fertilizing for growing cotton crops in Uzbekistan do not ensure the full supply of nutrients to the root system of plants. Providing the required amount of fertilizers is distributed in tiers in the zone of root development, the ratio of their use and cotton yield will increase. (Research purpose) To determine the design parameters of a spreading funnel of a subsoil tiller for three-tiered fertilizer application. (Materials and methods) The paper provides a design of the developed spreading funnel for three-tier fertilizer application. A subsoil tiller is equipped with a spreading funnel, which consists of a cylindrical and inclined funnel-shaped part, a conductive channel and a lower distributor. Installed in the conductive channel are two branch pipes with reflective plates that cut through the supplied fertilizers and direct them to the corresponding soil horizon. (Results and discussion) The authors have studied the movement of mineral fertilizer granules along the conductive channel; experimentally analyzed the effect of the length of the protruding part of reflective plates of the nozzle and the inclination angle of the funnel spreading pipeline on the distribution of fertilizers and the unevenness of fertilizer supply to the upper, middle and lower tiers. They have also determined the parameters of an intake funnel of the vertical pipeline, branch pipes and movable plates of the upper and middle tiers, and a fertilizer spreader of the lower tier. (Conclusions) The authors have proved that the qualitative distribution of mineral fertilizers at predetermined application depths of the upper and middle tiers is ensured at a length of their nozzles of 260 and 240 millimeters and the protruding part of the reflective plates of the fertilizer channel of 26-30 millimeters and 33-37 millimeters, respectively. At the same time, 40-45 percent of fertilizers is distributed in the lower, i.e. the third tier. The authors have chosen optimal parameters of the lower spreading funnel: a groove inclination angle in the longitudinal-vertical plane of 17-19 degrees; a groove inclination angle in the transverse vertical plane of 29 degrees; a rear edge height of the groove in the middle part of 2.5 millimeters, and at the end – 0.5 millimeters.