Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fetus – Diseases

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Fetus – Diseases'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Fetus – Diseases"

1

Chomarat, M., and P. Mulsant. "Infection Pleurale A Campylobacter Fetus Fetus." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 20, no. 11 (November 1990): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(05)80163-5.

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Eb, F., P. Verharghe, and B. F. K. Odimba. "Cholécystite à Campylobacter fetus ssp fetus." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 15, no. 4 (April 1985): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(85)80273-0.

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La Scola, B., S. Chambourlier, and P. Bouillot. "Campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus brain abscess." Journal of Infection 37, no. 3 (November 1998): 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-4453(98)92541-5.

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CATES, WILLARD, and E. RUSSELL ALEXANDER. "Sexually Transmitted Diseases and the Fetus." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 549, no. 1 Impact on the (December 1988): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb23952.x.

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Cypierre, A., E. Denes, O. Barraud, Y. Jamilloux, J. Jacques, H. Durox, P. Pinet, and P. Weinbreck. "Campylobacter fetus infections." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 44, no. 4 (April 2014): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2014.02.001.

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Gal, E., H. Jean-Pierre, and H. Darbas. "Septicémie à Campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus survenue après transfusion sanguine." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 15, no. 10 (October 1985): 564–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(85)80225-0.

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Smail, A., J. P. Ducroix, G. Laurens, and J. Baillet. "Spondylodiscite a Campylobacter fetus subspecie (S.S.P.) fetus chez un adulte." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 17, no. 5 (May 1987): 264–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(88)80400-1.

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Malani, Anurag N., Preeti N. Malani, and Sandro K. Cinti. "Campylobacter fetus." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 15, no. 2 (March 2007): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.idc.0000236974.51334.19.

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La Scolea, Leonard J. "Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus meningitis in a neonate." Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 7, no. 17 (September 1985): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-4399(85)80024-6.

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et al., P. Francioli. "CAMPYLOBACTER FETUS SUBSPECIES FETUS BACTEREMIA." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 4, no. 4 (July 1985): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198507000-00042.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fetus – Diseases"

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Hejmanowski, Ashley Quintin. "Allelic and genetic heterogeneity of two common genetic diseases." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1095309751.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 137 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-137).
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林勇行 and Yung-hang Lam. "Sonographic features of fetuses with homozygous [alpha]-thalassaemia-1during early pregnancy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31981744.

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Zambelli, Helder Jose Lessa. "Avaliação da evolução neurocirurgica de crianças com diagnostico intrauterino de mielomeningocele e elaboração de protocolo de cirurgia fetal para prevenção de hidrocefalia." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313564.

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Orientadores: Edmur Franco Carelli, Donizeti Cesar Honorato<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T00:02:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zambelli_HelderJoseLessa_D.pdf: 2096605 bytes, checksum: 4301e19acb61840bd8e5b92ebacf6cef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006<br>Resumo: O diagnóstico pré-natal da mielomeningocele permite melhor planejamento de sua abordagem e, mais recentemente, um possível reparo intra-útero. Este estudo analisa a evolução neurocirúrgica de 98 crianças com mielomeningocele, tratadas no período pós-natal através de cirurgia tradicional, de janeiro de 1994 a dezembro de 2002, no centro de referência em medicina fetal da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Desta avaliação retrospectiva, foi elaborado um protocolo próprio para cirurgia fetal para prevenção de hidrocefalia, identificando-se os fetos que se beneficiariam com a correção intra-útero da mielomeningocele. O estudo revelou uma realidade caracterizada pelo prognóstico ruim e pelo alto índice de complicações decorrentes da mielomeningocele, principalmente no que se diz respeito à hidrocefalia. Com isso, no protocolo foram incluídos somente fetos com um tamanho ventricular menor que 14 mm no momento da cirurgia, fetos entre 20 e 25 semanas de gestação, fetos com defeitos situados abaixo de L3-L4, fetos com mielomeningocele como malformação isolada e ausência de anomalias cromossômicas, tendo como critérios de exclusão: a primiparidade, fetos com lesão abaixo de S1 e a incapacidade de entendimento das gestantes dos riscos materno-fetais. Apesar da correção intra-útero para prevenção de hidrocefalia ter uma aplicação bastante restrita em nosso meio, é uma nova opção de tratamento para as mães brasileiras, já que a legislação do país não prevê a interrupção médica da gravidez, quando complicada por fetos com mielomeningocele<br>Abstract: Prenatal diagnosis of myelomeningocele has permitted a better planning for optimum management of the disease. More recently, it has allowed for a possible intrauterine repair of the spinal defect. This study analyzed neurosurgical outcome of 98 children with myelomeningocele, postnatally treated with traditional surgery, from January 1994 to December 2002, in the Fetal Medicine referral center at the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). From this retrospective evaluation, a suitable protocol for fetal surgery was developed for the prevention of hydrocephalus, identifying fetuses that would benefit from intrauterine repair of myelomeningocele. The study revealed a reality characterized by a poor prognosis and a high rate of complications due to myelomeningocele, particularly hydrocephalus. Thus, included in the protocol were only fetuses with ventricular size measuring less than 14 mm at the time of surgery; fetuses between 20 and 25 weeks of gestation; fetuses with defects located below L3-L4; fetuses with myelomeningocele as isolated malformation and absence of chromosomal abnormalities. Criteria of exclusion were: primiparity, fetuses with lesions below S1 and pregnant women¿s lack of understanding of the maternal-fetal risks. Intrauterine repair for the prevention of hydrocephalus has a very limited application in our setting. However, it is a new therapeutic option for Brazilian mothers, since in this country legislation is against medical termination of pregnancies affected with fetal myelomeningocele<br>Doutorado<br>Neurologia<br>Doutor em Ciências Médicas
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Samnakay, Naeem. "Antenatal bladder outflow obstruction : effects of morphology and apoptosis in the fetal kidney, and effects on fetal ACTH and cortisol levels in an ovine model." University of Western Australia. School of Women's and Infants' Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0151.

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Posterior urethral valves cause bladder outflow obstruction and damage to the developing fetal kidney. Posterior urethral valves affect 1 in 8000 new-born males. A third of these children develop end stage renal failure by adolescence, despite valve ablation in the early post-natal period, implying that majority of the damage to the kidneys occurs in utero. How does this damage occur, and should we intervene in utero? The answers to these questions require further research, and are the basis to this thesis. This thesis focused on the effect bladder outflow obstruction has on morphology and apoptosis in the fetal kidney in a fetal lamb model. It also looked at the effect of bladder outflow obstruction on fetal stress hormone levels. Bladder outflow obstruction was created surgically in fetal lambs at day 70 of gestation, and fetal kidneys were analysed at day 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 after creation of obstruction. Controls undergoing sham surgery were used for comparison. Four aspects were investigated: - effects of bladder outflow obstruction on renal histology effects of bladder outflow obstruction on expression of pro-apoptosis gene Bax and anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-X - effects of bladder outflow obstruction on renal regional apoptosis effects of bladder outflow obstruction on serum fetal ACTH and cortisol levels. Bladder outflow obstruction resulted in sequential morphological change in the fetal kidney over time. By 2 days post-obstruction, cystic change was noted. In addition, patchy attenuation of the nephrogenic blastema was evident by 5 days post-obstruction, with more confluent blastemal attenuation as well as generalized renal architectural disorganization by 10 days post-obstruction. By 20 and 30 days post-obstruction, cystic renal dysplasia had developed. Bladder outflow obstruction resulted in an increase in the ratio of renal expression of pro-apoptosis gene Bax to anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-X. Regional apoptosis counts showed increased tubular apoptosis compared to controls at 2 days post-obstruction, and increased blastemal apoptosis compared to controls at 5 days post-obstruction. By 10 days post-obstruction, blastemal apoptosis counts were reduced compared to controls. There were no significant differences in fetal serum ACTH and cortisol levels between fetal lambs with bladder outflow obstruction and controls. In conclusion, the results of this thesis outline the spectrum of morphological change in the fetal kidney over 30 days of bladder outflow obstruction. They show that detectable changes in morphology occur within two days of bladder outflow obstruction. Likewise, detectable changes in gene expression occur within 2 days of bladder outflow obstruction. The increased ratio of expression of Bax to Bcl-X suggests a swing towards increased apoptosis in response to bladder outflow obstruction. Further research is required to ascertain if these changes are reversible. However, the early onset of these changes as shown in this thesis suggests that any fetal intervention to protect the fetal kidney from the effects of bladder outflow obstruction may need to be instituted very early in gestation
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Marchand, Michael C. "Fetal programming of renal morphology and function." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2004. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/2681/.

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Previous epidemiological evidence from a number of studies supports the hypothesis that the risk of essential hypertension, coronary heart disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes is, in part, programmed by intrauterine nutritional status. An increasing number of human studies indicate that the developing kidney is particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of fetal growth retarding influences. In animals growth retarding diets or other insults, which have an impact on the development of cardiovascular functions, also appear to impact upon nephron number. In this study, the feeding of a 9% casein diet to pregnant rats, a mild protein restriction, reduced nephron number in the offspring, which progressively declined with age compared to those exposed to an 1 8% control diet. At weaning low-protein exposed offspring had hypertension and evedence of renal insufficiency. On natural death, the kidneys from aged male rats exposed to both low-protein and control maternal diets had a higher incidence glornerulosclerosis and renal disruption than females. Supplementing the maternal 9% casein diet with 3% glycine, 1.5% urea and 3% alanine in the rat normalised nephron number in the offspring. Only the addition of glycinc in the maternal low- protein diet prevented the appearance of high blood pressure in the offspring. In this study it has been demonstrated that in humans, those of a low birth weight or ponderal index, a marker of fetal undernutrition, had evidence of increased glomerular permeability, but not elevated blood pressure at age 10. This association was not evident at age 12 or in a separate cohort of young adults. It is possible that hypertension and a reduced nephron reserve are not causally associated. The evidence from this thesis suggest that prenatal undernutrition may programme renal structure in later life, but that renal programming is not one of the primary mechanisms leading to hypertension
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Illa, Armengol Míriam. "Brain effects of fetal growth restriction and their prevention in an animal model." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565667.

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BACKGROUND: Chronic hypoxia due to placental insufficiency and prenatal undernutrition are probably the two major causes worldwide of an adverse intrauterine environment having an impact on neurodevelopment. Clinically, both situations manifest as an intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a situation defined as a significant reduction in fetal growth resulting in a birth weight below the 10th percentile. This situation is a well-recognized cause of neurobehavioral and cognitive impairments extending beyond childhood and early adulthood period. Although all these evidence, the structural ground of these functional impairments and the pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully characterized. An improvement in these two aspects would allow us to propose different therapeutic strategies aiming to ameliorate and even revert the long-lasting consequences of the IUGR. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that IUGR produces subtle structural brain changes that underlie the long-term neurobehavioral and cognitive impairments. The severity of the neurodevelopmental consequences might be related to the severity of the prenatal insult (reduction in nutrients with or without a reduction in oxygen). High-resolution brain imaging along with specific histological techniques focused on neuronal connectivity could evidence these structural brain changes. Additionally, we hypothesized that an early postnatal stimulation might ameliorate the structural and functional impairments that persist at the long-term period after IUGR. METHODS: Two animal models of IUGR were used in this thesis: i. A cohort of pregnant rabbits was randomized to reproduce an undernutrition model based on maternal food reduction intake, ii. Another cohort of pregnant rabbits was randomized to the placental insufficiency model based on the surgical ligation of 40-50% of the uteroplacental vessels that irrigate each gestational sac. After the delivery in both models, IUGR and controls animals were followed up to the 70th postnatal days. At the 30th postnatal days, a subgroup of IUGR animals was randomized to an environmental enrichment strategy. In all the groups at the neonatal period, general motor skills, reflexes, and olfactory sensitivity were evaluated. Similarly, at the 70th postnatal days, anxiety, memory, and learning were evaluated. Afterward, animals were sacrificed and brains were fixed and diffusion MRI was then performed. In a subset of animals, changes at the microstructural level and differences in the number of fibers in two specific brain circuits (anxiety and memory circuits) were performed by using a Voxel-Based approach (VBA) and Tractography analysis, respectively. Moreover, brain networks were obtained and evaluated by means of a Connectomics. Finally, a subgroup of animals was also histologically evaluated by means of dendritic spine and perineural nets evaluation in the Hippocampus. RESULTS: IUGR animals showed poorer functional performance in both moments, especially in the model of placental insufficiency. At the long-term period, IUGR animals presented an altered brain network architecture, being again these differences more pronounced in the placental insufficiency model. Moreover, VBA analysis and Tractography analysis evidenced microstructural brain changes mostly affecting gray matter and a decreased in the number of fibers involved in the anxiety and memory circuits in the IUGR animals in comparison to controls. At the cellular level, IUGR animals presented abnormal neuronal connectivity with changes in the dendritic spine density and in the perineural nets. In contrast, stimulated IUGR animals presented a functional and structural improvement in comparison to non-stimulated IUGR animals over the long-term period. CONCLUSIONS: This thesis adds to the previous evidence new insights regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying IUGR and gives strong evidence linking IUGR with altered brain connectivity as the basis for the neurological sequelae associated with IUGR. Additionally, it gives preliminary evidence suggesting that a strategy based on physical, sensory, cognitive as well as social stimulation applied during early postnatal life, where brain plasticity is higher, might ameliorate the neurodevelopmental consequences of IUGR.
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Valenzuela, Alcaraz Brenda I. "Cardiovascular assessment in fetuses and children conceived by assisted reproductive technologies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401805.

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BACKGROUND: Approximately, five million children have been born as a result of using assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Although the majority of ART children are born healthy; there are several reports of increased rate of pregnancy complications and worse perinatal outcomes in this population that may contribute to long-term health consequences according to the fetal programming hypothesis. Due to these techniques are relatively new, the effect of ART on later stages of development and adult susceptibility are uncertain. The main hypothesis of this thesis is that fetuses conceived by ART present worse perinatal outcomes together with primary cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction as compared to those spontaneously conceived (SC), changes that persist postnatally and leads to increased cardiovascular risk in adulthood. METHODS: Cardiovascular morphology and functional assessment was performed in singleton and twin fetuses conceived by ART and spontaneously conceived; together with the presence of adverse perinatal outcomes. Finally, follow-up of these cohorts was made and cardiac and vascular function was assessed in childhood. RESULTS: ART fetuses showed: larger atria, shorter ventricles with lower sphericity index together with thicker myocardial walls. Systolic motion was decreased as measured by M-Mode and tissue Doppler; there were also sings of impaired relaxation, as demonstrated by a longer IRT and decreased deceleration time of E wave. All these changes were independent of the presence of been small for gestational age (SGA) due to these groups showed different cardiac phenotypes. ART children showed persistence of changes in cardiac morphology and function together with vascular remodeling (increased blood pressure and thicker carotid intima media). CONCLUSIONS: Adverse pregnancy outcomes seem to be present in infertile women, regardless of the use of ART. Singleton and twin ART fetuses present cardiovascular remodeling and subclinical dysfunction that persist postnatally in childhood. These changes are independent of the presence of SGA. These findings need to be take into account for further studies regarding higher cardiovascular risks in adulthood in this population.<br>INTRODUCCION: Aproximadamente, 5 millones de niños han nacido en el mundo gracias al uso de las tecnicas de reproduccion asistida (TRA). La mayoría de éstos niños son sanos al nacer; pero diversos estudios mencionan la presencia de peores resultados perinatales en esta población; los cuáles podrían tener consecuencias a largo plazo de acuerdo con la teoría de la programación fetal. Estas técnicas son relativamente nuevas, por lo que sus efectos en la vida adulta aún son desconocidos. La hipótesis principal de ésta tesis es que los fetos concebidos mediante TRA, presentan peores resultados perinatales que aquellos concebidos de manera espontánea (CE), junto con la presencia de cambios cardíacos morfológicos y funcionales que persisten de manera postnatal y que condicionaría un incremento del riesgo cardiovascular en la vida adulta. METODOS: Se llevó a cabo la evaluación cardiovascular morfológica y funcional de fetos únicos y gemelares concebidos por TRA comparados con fetos CE; junto con la presencia de resultados perinatales adversos. Se realiza un seguimiento y evaluación cardiovascular de dichas cohortes hasta la infancia. RESULTADOS: Los fetos TRA presentaron cambios al comparlos con los CE: aurículas más grandes, ventrículos más cortos junto con un menor índice de esfericidad así como paredes engrosadas. presentaron función sistólica disminuída de acuerdo con las mediciones de Doppler tisular y modo-M; también signos de disfunción diastólica demostrado por IRT alargados y disminución del tiempo de deceleración de la onda E. Todos estos cambios fueron independientes de la presencia de fetos pequeños para la edad gestacional (PEG), ya que dichos grupos presentaron fenotipos cardiacos diferentes. En la infancia, los niños TRA mostraron persistencia de dichos cambios cardíacos morfológicos y funcionales subclínicos, junto con remodelado vascular (presion arterial más alta y paredes engrosadas de la intima media de las carótidas). CONCLUSIONES: Las mujeres infértiles presentan resultados perinatales adversos independiente de el método de TRA usado. Los fetos concebidos mediante TRA presentan remodelado cardiovascular el cuál persiste postnatalmente en la infancia. Dichos cambios fueron independientes de la presencia de PEG. Estos hallazgos deben ser tomados en cuentra en futuros estudios del incremento de riesgo cardiovascular en la vida adulta de ésta población.
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Moore, Vivienne M. "Fetal growth and cardiovascular risk factors in an Australian cohort /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm824.pdf.

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Arranz, Betegón Ángela. "Evaluación de un programa de intervención prenatal en embarazadas con fetos pequeños para la edad gestacional." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404882.

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La prematuridad y el retraso de crecimiento intrauterino constituyen actualmente los problemas más importantes de la Medicina Fetal y de la Neonatología y son las causas más frecuentes de la morbilidad y mortalidad perinatal en los países desarrollados. OBJETIVO. Valorar la eficacia de un programa de intervención de apoyo prenatal (creado ex-novo) dirigido a madres gestantes de fetos Pequeños para la Edad Gestacional (PEG): detectar si este procedimiento mejora el desarrollo físico y neuroconductual del neonato, el estado emocional de la madre y el vínculo entre ambos. METODOLOGÍA. Estudio quasiexperimental tipo ensayo clínico controlado y sin asignación aleatoria de la intervención realizado en el área Materno-fetal de BCNatal (corporación del Servicio de Medicina Maternofetal del Hospital Clínic y el Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona). El tamaño final de la muestra fue de 158 embarazadas, de las cuales 65 formaron parte del grupo intervención y 93 formaron parte del grupo control. RESULTADOS. Al finalizar el programa se observa que el feto y el neonato muestran una mayor ganancia de peso y mayor perímetro craneal en el grupo intervención. En cuanto a las capacidades y competencias del neonato, valoradas con la Escala de Brazelton, los del grupo intervención obtienen unos resultados discretamente superiores en casi todos los parámetros estudiados, destacando una mayor capacidad de habituación ante los estímulos auditivos. En relación a la embarazada, los resultados más relevantes al finalizar el programa son una disminución de la ansiedad (valorada con el cuestionario STAI) y una mayor vinculación afectiva materno-filial (valorada con la escala EVAP). CONCLUSIONES. Para las madres gestantes de fetos PEG, el hecho de haber participado en un programa de intervención de apoyo prenatal tiene un resultado beneficioso para ambos, madre e hijo, presentando menos ansiedad materna, mejores condiciones para establecer el vínculo así como una mejora en el desarrollo físico e indicios de mejores capacidades neuroconductuales en el neonato.<br>Prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction are currently the most important problems in Fetal Medicine and Neonatology and also are the most frequent causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality in developed countries.The Objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of a prenatal support program (created ex-novo) aimed at pregnant mothers of small fetuses for Gestational Age (PEG): to detect if this procedure improves the physical and neurobehavioral development of the neonate, the emotional state of the mother and the bond between them. This was a quasiexperimental study of a controlled clinical trial and without random assignment of the intervention performed in the Maternal-fetal area of BCNatal (Hospital of the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Service of Hospital Clínic and Sant Joan de Déu Hospital in Barcelona). The final sample size was 158 pregnant women, of whom 65 were part of the intervention group and 93 were part of the control group. At the end of the program, it is observed that the fetus and the neonate show a greater weight gain and greater cranial perimeter in the intervention group. As for the abilities and competences of the newborn, evaluated with the Brazelton Scale, those in the intervention group obtained slightly better results in almost all the studied parameters, emphasizing a greater capacity of habituation before the auditory stimuli. In relation to the pregnant woman, the most relevant results at the end of the program are a reduction of anxiety (valued with the STAI questionnaire) and a greater maternal-filial affective attachment (valued with the EVAP scale). In conclusion, for pregnant mothers of PEG fetuses, having participated in a prenatal support intervention program has a beneficial outcome for both mother and child, with less maternal anxiety, better bonding conditions, and improved development physical and signs of better neurobehavioral abilities in the neonate.
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Williamson, Nancy D. "Psychological Responses of Fathers and Mothers to Amniocentesis." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 1985. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/RTD/id/15675.

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University of Central Florida College of Arts and Sciences Thesis<br>Amniocentesis is one of the most widely used prenatal diagnostic techniques for congenital disorders. It was hypothesized that the spychological responses of mothers and fathers to amniocenthesis during high-rish pregnancies would be positively correlated on scales of Symptomatology (Anxiety, Depression, Anger, and Somatic Complaints) and Well-Being (Relaxed, Contented, Friendliness, and Somatic Well-Being). It was also hypothesized that Symptomatology would be negatively correlated with Well-Being. Nineteen couples, who were referred by their physicians, voluntarily participated in the study. Each partner completed the Symptom Questionnaire (Kellner, 1983), a self-rating scale of Symptomatology and Well-Being, in addition to the Pre-Amniocentesis and Post-Amniocentesis Questionnaires (original questionnaires developed for this study) at intervals prior to and following the procedure, while awaiting results. A Pearson product-moment correlation of the total scores revealed a positive correlation (p < 0.5) between the scores of fathers and mothers on the Symptomatology Scale, both pre- and post-amniocentesis (r = .47 and .47). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation (p < .05) between Symptomatolgy and Well-Being scores for both mothers (r = -.55 and -.60) and fathers (r = -.48 and -.74) at the pre- and post-amniocentesis periods, respectively. The hypothesis cannot be completely accepted because the positive correlation does not exist at the post-amniocentesis level. Mothers appear to experience more Symptomatology and less Well-Being than fathers at the post-amniocentesis level. The results are interpreted to suggest that fathers and mothers may both benefit from pre- and post-amniocentesis supportive intervention.<br>M.S.;<br>Masters<br>Arts and Sciences;<br>Clinical Psychology;<br>42 p.<br>vii, 42 leaves, bound : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Books on the topic "Fetus – Diseases"

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1933-, Reed G. B., Claireaux A. E. 1919-, and Cockburn Forrester, eds. Diseases of the fetus and newborn. 2nd ed. London: Chapman & Hall, 1995.

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Alastair, Dudgeon John, and Marshall William Courtenay, eds. Viral diseases of the fetus and newborn. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders, 1985.

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1931-, Remington Jack S., and Klein Jerome O. 1931-, eds. Infectious diseases of the fetus & newborn infant. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1995.

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1931-, Remington Jack S., and Klein Jerome O. 1931-, eds. Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1990.

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Milunsky, Jeff M., and Aubrey Milunsky. Genetic disorders and the fetus. 6th ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.

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Isaacs, Hart. Tumors of the fetus and newborn. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1997.

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1931-, Remington Jack S., ed. Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2006.

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Remington, Jack S. Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1994.

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A, Fanaroff Avroy, and Martin Richard J, eds. Neonatal-perinatal medicine: Diseases ofthe fetus and infant. 4th ed. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby, 1987.

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1930-, Chamberlain Geoffrey, ed. Modern antenatal care of the fetus. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fetus – Diseases"

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Puck, Jennifer M. "Prenatal Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases." In Genetic Disorders and the Fetus, 755–72. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118981559.ch19.

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Puck, Jennifer M. "Prenatal Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases." In Genetic Disorders and the Fetus, 628–45. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444314342.ch20.

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Avni, F. E., F. Rypens, and M. Cassart. "Imaging Endocrine “Diseases” in the Fetus." In Imaging Endocrine Diseases in Children, 1–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/174_2012_588.

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Milani, Guiti, and Younes Boudjemline. "Alternative Vascular Access in Fetus." In Fetal and Hybrid Procedures in Congenital Heart Diseases, 153–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40088-4_21.

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Rajeswaran, R. "Placental Diseases, Ectopic Pregnancy, and Other Obstetric Applications." In MR Imaging of the Fetus, 167–79. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9209-3_16.

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Rogers, David B., and Larry J. Shapiro. "X-Linked Diseases and Disorders of the Sex Chromosomes." In Genetic Disorders and the Fetus, 341–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5155-9_11.

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Harshman, Lyndsay A., and Patrick D. Brophy. "Development of Renal Function in the Fetus and Newborn." In Kidney and Urinary Tract Diseases in the Newborn, 59–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39988-6_2.

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Ashoor, Isa F., Nilka de Jesús-González, and Michael J. G. Somers. "Fluid and Electrolyte Physiology in the Fetus and Neonate." In Kidney and Urinary Tract Diseases in the Newborn, 77–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39988-6_3.

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"Diseases of the Fetus." In Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics, 236–37. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-0643-7.00060-7.

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KELLING, CLAYTON L. "Viral Diseases of the Fetus." In Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology, 399–408. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-072169323-1.50053-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fetus – Diseases"

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Shipkova, L. N., N. V. Shipkov, S. V. Kalmanovich, and A. K. Cherednichenko. "TOXOPLASMOSIS AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.544-548.

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The existing interest in the problem of toxoplasmosis is largely due to the fact that&#x0D; Toxoplasma gondii plays a significant role in human pathology. Toxoplasmas enter&#x0D; the human body in many ways: through the mouth when eating raw meat; with&#x0D; contaminated products, vegetables or fruits; with dirty hands, after contact with&#x0D; infected animals; through damaged skin, mucous membranes, when removing&#x0D; skins from infected animals or dividing carcasses; in medical procedures in&#x0D; patients with toxoplasmosis; and prenatally, from mother to fetus. Toxoplasmosis&#x0D; is more common in children, while adults may remain asymptomatic carriers of the&#x0D; pathogen. The reliability of invasion in humans is only established by the detection&#x0D; of toxoplasma in the blood, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid, puncture samples of lymph&#x0D; nodes, remnants of fetal membranes, placenta, etc. Therefore, the purpose of our&#x0D; study is to determine the occurrence of toxoplasmosis in the Krasnodar Territory&#x0D; for 5 years (2018–2022) and to identify organ systems that are affected most often.&#x0D; Toxoplasmosis is widespread in the Krasnodar Territory. This is due to climatic&#x0D; and geographical features. The study used data from outpatient medical records of&#x0D; people with diagnosed toxoplasmosis who seek medical advice in infectious diseases&#x0D; hospitals of the Krasnodar Territory.
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Araldi, Bianca Barbosa, Victor Hugo Gomes, Bruno Ludvig Vieira, Klesia Adayani Rodrigues, Andressa Gabrieli da Silva, Leticia Scolari, Gabriela Vasconcellos Santana, Jessica Marafiga, Maria Paula Carvalho, and Heloise Helena Siqueira. "Effects of multiple sclerosis in pregnant and post-birth: particularities of the disease activity." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.704.

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Introduction: Demyelinating diseases are a heterogeneous group of neurological diseases related to autoimmunity whose representative is Multiple Sclerosis (MS). It is characterized by an immune-mediated demyelination of the central nervous system, with a typical outbreak and remission clinic. During pregnancy, a reduction in disease activity was noted due to immunomodulatory effects, and an increase in outbreaks in the puerperium. Thus, our goal is to demonstrate the relationship between pregnancy and MS. Methods: This is a systematic bibliographic review based on searching the SCIELO, PUBMED and UPTODATE databases using the words “Multiple Sclerosis”, “Pregnancy”, “Demyelinating diseases” and “Neurological Disorders”. Discussion: Pregnancy is responsible for numerous changes in the maternal body resulting from hormonal changes with an immunological and neuroprotective effect. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it was considered a risk factor or precipitator of outbreaks in these patients. In 1950, Tillmann et al. questioned him and concluded that pregnancy reduces the risk of outbreaks of the disease and that relapses were more associated with postpartum. The question is still raised by several authors, due to their interest in the search for intricate protective factors in the genesis and cure of the disease. It is believed that immunological changes in pregnancy tend to suppress the maternal immune system preventing fetal rejection, and together with gestational hormones, they are able to make neuronal tissue more resistant to inflammatory aggression and greater capacity for cell repair. In the puerperium, there was an increase in outbreaks of the disease, probably associated with a reduction in hormone levels, the effects of which are lost after the elimination of the fetus. Breastfeeding is not associated with the prevention or risk of new MS outbreaks. The frequency of outbreaks before conception is the only independent predictor of new post-term episodes. There is no consensus regarding the therapeutic approach in these pregnant women. Conclusion: Evidence supports the association between pregnancy, reduced activity of MS and increased activity in the 3 months postpartum, due to the probable loss of neuroprotective effects associated with hormones. Recommendations regarding the use of immunomodulator are suspended before conception (“washout”) until term. New evidence did not associate the use of interferon-β with abortion, cesarean section or low birth weight. There was a benefit of long-term parity with a cumulative effect on the patient’s immunohumor modulation.
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Woo, Jin Hyuk, Insu Lee, Sun Min Kim, and Tae-Joon Jeon. "Recapitulation of Trophoblast Invasion During Pregnancy in a Physiological Hypoxia Induced Microfluidic Device." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5002.

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Abstract Trophoblast invasion and remodeling of uterine spiral artery is closely related to the healthy pregnancy and normal development of fetus. However, if the trophoblast invasion is inhibited and the spiral artery remodeling process is not sufficiently done, this promotes grave pregnancy diseases such as pre-eclampsia. In this research we focused on one of the major factors that affect trophoblast invasion, oxygen concentration. We designed a microfluidic device fabricated with Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) which can mimic the microenvironment of the placenta and control physiological oxygen concentration. Human umbilical vessel cells (HUVEC) and trophoblasts (HTR-8) were cultured inside the microfluidic device to recapitulate the placental microenvironment. HUVECs and trophoblasts were co-cultured under normoxic and hypoxic condition to recapitulated trophoblast invasion. We anticipate this device to be utilized as a research model for improve our understandings on mechanisms of trophoblast invasion and a possible platform for developing treatment methods and medicines for pregnancy disorders.
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Amer ABD ALGABAR, Fatima, Batool Abd AL AMEER BAQER, and Lamiaa Saoud ABBOD. "MANUSCRIPT TITLE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOME VITAL SIGNS OF INFECTED PREGNANT WOMEN COVID-19 WITH THOSE OF NON - INFECTED PREGNANT WOMEN." In VII. INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESSOF PURE,APPLIEDANDTECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress7-2.

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While pregnant, the mother and fetus coexist, which is a unique physiological state.Disruption of maternal-fetal connection leads to diseases of pregnancy and the infant This study aims to present current developments that may help in the early detection of issues, highlight the difficulties in measuring vital signs accurately in pregnancy, and estimate typical ranges for maternal vital signs throughout pregnancy. Additionally, the study focuses on the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. A higher risk of preeclampsia, premature birth, and other unfavorable pregnancy outcomes may be linked to COVID-19. The vital signs of Covid-19-contaminated expectant mothers, particularly respiration, pulse, and temperature, were found to differ significantly at p values of (0.0001*, 0.0001*, and 0.001*). The research demonstrated how Covid 19 affected expectant mothers who were at risk for preeclampsia, stillbirth, premature birth, and NICU hospitalization. It is believed that changes to vital indicators (Heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate)occur both during and right after pregnancy. especially when a pregnant woman contracts the Corona infection. With COVID-19, we seek to synthesize the body of research on changes in vital signs throughout pregnancy so that fresh centile charts could be made for every stage of pregnancy and the first few weeks following delivery.
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Bukowski, Michael, Brij Singh, James Roemmich, and Kate Larson. "Lipidomic analysis of TRPC1 Ca2+-permeable channel-knock out mouse demonstrates a vital role in placental tissue sphingolipid and triacylglycerol homeostasis under high-fat diet." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/tjdt4839.

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Placental function including oxygen delivery and nutrient transport are critical determinants of fetal growth, moderating the risks of obesity and metabolic diseases later in life. Previously, we demonstrated in a mouse model that parental diet and exercise play important roles in placental lipid content and inflammation. Transient receptor potential canonical channel 1 (TRPC1) is a Ca2+-permeable integral membrane protein. We have demonstrated that TRPC1 increases total body adiposity in mice by decreasing the efficacy of exercise to limit adipose accumulation under a high fat (HF) diet. Importantly, intracellular calcium may regulate total body adiposity and increased total body adiposity could promote placental lipid accumulation. Similarly, intracellular calcium regulates membrane lipid content via the activation of the protein kinase C. Membrane lipids such as sphingomyelin are key regulators of cell signaling. Maternal HF diets increase placental tissue lipid concentrations resulting in compromised nutrient transport to fetus. However, the specific lipid species that accumulate due to the absence of the placental TRPC1 gene under maternal HF diet feeding is not yet known. We hypothesized that placental tissue response to a maternal HF diet is disrupted in TRPC1 mice fed a maternal HF diet resulting in greater cellular sphingomyelin concentrations. Results showed placentae from TRPC1 KO mice fed high fat diet (45% en, HF) had increased sphingomyelin concentrations compared to control diet (16% en, NF). Placentae from WT mice fed HF diet exhibited diet-dependent increases in ceramide concentration with no concomitant increase in sphingomyelins compared to NF fed WT mice. Additionally, 11 placental triacylglycerol (TAG) species were different based on diet, 16 based on genotype, and 5 were affected by both diet and genotype. These results suggest that during a HF diet, loss of TRPC1 function reduces placental sphingomyelin hydrolysis into ceramide and that placental TAG concentrations respond in diet- and genotype-dependent manner.
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TAVARES, Lívia Hygino, and Bruno MOURA. "DIABETES IN PREGNANCY AND FETAL CARDIAC RISK: LITERATURE REVIEW." In SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2021 INTERNATIONAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE. DR. D. SCIENTIFIC CONSULTING, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.21scon.45_abstract_tavares.pdf.

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (MGD) is associated with poor cardiac malformation in the fetus. It is related to changes in the clinical course of the disease and pre-gestational periods. The prevalence and incidence of MGD have been increasing worldwide. Early screening, diagnosis, and lifestyle change, such as physical exercise and healthy eating, provide better outcomes for children's health. This study aims to analyze the data concerning gestational diabetes and fetal malformations and to group the various protocols for diagnosis, highlighting the risk factors associated with MGD and their prevention. A systematic review of the literature was conducted with the PubMed, Scielo, Medline databases with English, Portuguese, and Spanish articles. The studies gathered clinical trials, randomized clinical trials, and original articles. In 12 articles analyzed maternal alterations, while 11 articles analyzed fetal alterations, and 9 articles analyzed how to diagnose cardiac changes in the fetus. The patient with MGD should be inserted in multidisciplinary activities seeking the change of lifestyle, physical exercises, and food reeducation, intending to give the fetus the appropriate nutrients and optimize the drug treatment; cardiac malformations are among the most severe and recurrent complications. However, they can be avoided with the control of pre-gestational diabetes (stricter follow-up from the moment the patient feels the desire to become pregnant) and the diagnosis and treatment of early gestational diabetes, as strict control of maternal blood glucose during pregnancy reduces morbidities and mortality. The study showed that hyperglycemic status during pregnancy is related to increased mortality and morbidity, even if it is asymptomatic. Therefore, it is necessary to guide the diabetic woman to plan her pregnancy in a euglycemic period because only this control can guarantee health to the fetus. The diagnosis of pregnant women with gestational diabetes needs to be early to optimize treatment.
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Larsson, Martina, Ursula Blyth, Gareth Waring, and Naveen Athiraman. "681 Predicting neonatal outcomes in haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference, Liverpool, 28–30 June 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-rcpch.253.

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Myers, Kristin, Wang Yao, Kyoko Yoshida, Joy Vink, Noelia Zork, Ronald Wapner, and Michelle Oyen. "Inverse Finite Element Analysis of the Indentation Response of Human Cervical Tissue." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14613.

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The mechanical function of the cervix is crucial during pregnancy when it is required to resist the compressive and tensile forces generated from the growing fetus. Pathologies of the cervical extracellular matrix (ECM), premature cervical remodeling, and alterations of cervical material properties have been implicated in placing women at high-risk for preterm birth (PTB). To understand the mechanical role of the cervix during pregnancy and to potentially identify etiologies for PTB, the overall goal of our group is to quantify ECM-material property relationships in normal and diseased human cervical tissue. In this study we present an inverse finite element analysis (IFEA) that optimizes material parameters of a viscoelastic material model to fit the stress-relaxation response of excised tissue slices to spherical indentation. Here we detail our IFEA methodology, report viscoelastic material parameters for cervical tissue slices from nonpregnant (NP) and pregnant (PG) hysterectomy patients, and report slice-by-slice data for whole cervical tissue specimens.
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Wardani, Endah Kusuma, Nurul Eko Widiyastuti, Lutvia Dwi Rofika, and Wahyu Adri Wirawati. "Factors Affecting Stunting among Children Under Five Years of Age in Banyuwangi, East Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.80.

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ABSTRACT Background: Stunting, chronic malnutrition, results from the exposure of the fetus and young child to nutritional deficiency and infectious disease. In Indonesia, 30.8% of children were stunted, in which 26.2% was in East Java and 8.1% Banyuwangi Regency. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting stunting among children under five years of age in Banyuwangi, East Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Klatak and Wonosobo Community Health Centers, Central Java. a sample of 60 children under five years of age was selected for this study. The study variables were child’s gender, maternal age at pregnancy, maternal education, maternal work status, iron intake, history of chronic energy deficiency, exclusive breastfeeding, supplementary feeding, and history of infectious disease. The frequency distribution data were reported descriptively. Results: The majority of stunted children under study were male (53.3%). Most of the women were at age 20 to 34 years during pregnancy (58.3%). As many as 73.3% mothers were low educated. Most of the mothers were housewives (85%). 78.3% of women took iron supplement during pregnancy. Most of the children did not have the history of chronic energy deficiency (60%). Most of the children received exclusive breastfeeding (61.7%) and supplementary feeding (65%). Only a few children had the history of infectious disease (6.7%). Conclusion: The characteristics of subjects under study vary with maternal age at pregnancy, maternal education, maternal work status, iron intake, history of chronic energy deficiency, exclusive breastfeeding, supplementary feeding, and history of infectious disease. Keywords: stunting, children under five years of age, factors Correspondence: Endah Kusuma Wardani. Midwifery Program, School of Health Sciences Banyuwangi. Jl. Letkol Istiqlah No. 109, Banyuwangi, East Java, 68422. Email: qsuma89@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6282257193736. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.80
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Castro, Ana Flávia Silva, Natália Barros Salgado Vieira, and Sarah Joanny da Silva Pereira. "Correlation between Zika virus and microcephaly as a consequence of congenital infection." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.629.

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Introduction: The Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus of RNA, whose transmission is mainly vector - by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes - but it also occurs through sexual, blood and transplacental transmission, with the last mentioned it was possible to verify serious neurological effects in the epidemic in South America, especially in Brazil, between 2015 and 2016. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between Zika virus infection and microcephaly in recent scientific literature. Methodology: Refers to a bibliographic review in the databases SciELO, LILACS and MEDLINE / Pubmed, with the terms “zika virus”, “infection” and “microcephaly” correlated in Portuguese and in English; 78 articles were found, but only 7 followed for analysis. Articles published more than 5 years ago and out of the proposed theme were disregarded. Results: The Zika virus, although similar to the dengue and chikungunya virus, it has a tendency to cause damage to the central nervous system such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome. However, the association between microcephaly and ZIKV started to be more observed through the increase of the disease among fetuses and newborns of mothers who had been infected during the gestational phase in the epidemic that happened in Brazil. It is known that the development of the nervous system is the product of processes of high proliferation and cellular differentiation, in which even small errors generate dangerous impacts, and it is during this period that ZIKV affects the CNS of the fetus. The disease is characterized by the reduction of the brain perimeter, in this context, is a consequence of abnormalities influenced by the virus. Conclusions: Microcephaly is a complex disease; therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of primary care and other spheres for monitoring Zika virus infections, prenatal care and constant psychosocial monitoring. Furthermore, it is necessary to understand the relevance of studies about ZIKV and microcephaly, and to encourage scientific production in this area.
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Reports on the topic "Fetus – Diseases"

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Spencer, Thomas E., Elisha Gootwine, Arieh Gertler, and Fuller W. Bazer. Placental lactogen enhances production efficiency in sheep. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586543.bard.

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The key objectives of this BARD project were to: (1) study long-term effects of immunization of prepubertal ewes against recombinant ovine placental lactogen (roPL) on subsequent birth weights of their lambs and their milk production; (2) optimize the anti-roPL immunization protocol using adjuvant preparations acceptable to producers and regulatory agencies; and (3) determine the physiological mechanism(s) whereby immunization against oPL increases fetal growth and development and mammogenesis. These objectives were based on key findings from a previous BARD project that: (a) immunization of ewes against roPL increased lamb birth weight and ewe milk production during lactation; (b) roPL and recombinant ovine growth hormone (roGH) increased the proliferation and differentiated function of endometrial glands that, in turn, would enhance uterine secretions necessary for fetal and placental growth; and (c) exogenous roPL and roGH stimulated mammogenesis and milk production during lactation. The BARD projects address central problems in sheep production, including reproductive failure due to embryonic/fetal mortality, low birth weight of lambs especially in prolific breeds, and reduced milk yields which affect neonatal survival. The sheep placenta secretes both lactogenic (oPL) and somatogenic (oGH) hormones. The receptors for those hormones are present in the fetus and placenta as well as maternal uterus, and mammary gland. Our research has focused on determining the biological role of these placental hormones in development and differentiation of the uterus during gestation and the mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation. Studies conducted in the current BARD project indicated that the effects of anti-roPL immunization were variable in ewes and that commercially available and widely acceptable adjuvant preparations were not effective to produce high anti-roPL titers in pre-pubertal ewes. In the non-prolific Rambouillet ewe in Texas and in the Awassi and the Assaf in Israel, anti-roPL immunization increased lamb birth weight; however, the magnitude of this effect and the inherent variability precluded our ability to determine the physiological mechanism of how the immunization increases fetal growth. Collectively, our findings suggest that anti-roPL immunization is not currently feasible as an easy and efficacious tool for the producer to increase flock reproductive and production efficiency. The variability in response of individual ewes to anti-roPL immunization likely includes modifying the recombinant hormone and the type of adjuvant used for the immunization. In particular, the oPL may need to be modified to ensure maximum antigenicity in a broad range of breed types. Nonetheless, the investigators continue to collaborate on identifying fundamental mechanisms that can be improved by genetics or management to enhance the efficiency of uteroplacental function and, in turn, fetal growth and development. High prolificacy is a desirable trait in intensive sheep production systems. One of the main limitations of using prolific breeds of sheep is that increased litter size is associated with low birth weights and increased mortality of lambs. Further, low birth weight is associated with an increased propensity for adult diseases and decreased production efficiency. Indeed, our recent studies find that the birth weights of lambs born in large litters can be improved by both genetics and management. Future cooperative research will continue to focus on reproductive efficiency of sheep that have broader implications for improving production efficiency in all types of ruminant livestock.
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