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1
Baró, i. Cabrera Robert. "Escrivans a Vallès. Segles X i XI." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669440.
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La comarca del Vallès era, als segles X i XI, el rerepaís del comtat de Barcelona; estava sota el control dels seus sobirans, però prou lluny de la capital com per desenvolupar unes dinàmiques autònomes. D’aquest territori s’ha conservat una quantitat molt considerable de documentació medieval original en els seus riquíssims arxius d’institucions civils i eclesiàstiques. Mercès a aquestes dues característiques és un espai idoni per intentar identificar-hi unes persones concretes, els escrivans: aquells que amb la seva signatura validaven els documents per donar-los caràcter públic.
L’estudi s’organitza en tres seccions. La primera dedicada a la descripció de les fonts documentals i la metodologia emprada per obtenir i processar la informació. En la segona s’identifiquen els escrivans: es presenta l’inventari i estudi dels individus, així com la prosopografia d’una quarantena d’ells. La tercera secció se centra en la topografia vinculada als escrivans, mostrant les fonts d’informació i les eines utilitzades per analitzar-les, així com els resultats cartogràfics i l’elaboració de les fitxes d’unitat topogràfica que permeten intuir com es relacionaven els escrivans amb el territori.
Es constata que als segles X i XI la immensa majoria dels escrivans són clergues seculars, dels quals es pot seguir en alguns casos la carrera eclesiàstica. Al segle X el clergat regular és pràcticament absent, mentre que figuren signant una petita proporció de documents el segle XI. Inversament, al segle X hi ha una contingent significatiu d’escrivans laics, que al segle XI es redueix notablement.
Es conclou que els escrivans actuaven donant validesa als documents en actes performatius, no merament assertius, en virtut d’una autoritat pública que distingia els oficis i tenia per incompatibles els de jutge i escrivà. Homogeneïtat en els tipus documentals, llargues trajectòries, àmplia presència distribuïda per tot el territori i, sobretot, la capacitat de canviar el vocabulari en un reduït espai de temps, indiquen que hi ha un vincle estable entre l’autoritat pública i els escrivans molt abans de la recepció del Dret Comú i de la implantació de la institució del notariat.
Es destaca que en el transcurs de la quarta dècada del segle XI hi hagué un ràpid canvi en el vocabulari emprat per designar els llocs de culte i llurs espais adjacents, amb el que s’introduí un nou formulari, generat en un context teològic carolingi. Probablement fou el resultat de l’execució d’un pla procedent de l’autoritat comtal, en concret d’Ermessenda de Carcassona, acompanyada pel jutge Bonshom i els bisbes Pere Roger de Girona i Oliba de Vic, que el 1038 consagraren les seves respectives catedrals. A la ciutat de Barcelona també es documenta aquest canvi en el vocabulari, a Santa Maria del Mar on, amb motiu de la renovació de la canònica catedralícia, entre el 1009 i el 1019, hi hagué una intervenció directa dels comtes.
Pocs anys després, amb la revolta dels senyors de la marca a mitjan segle XI, els escrivans seguiren actuant al servei d’una autoritat de natura pública, i llur funció serví per consolidar les noves relacions socials i econòmiques fonamentades en l’ús privat de la violència, que fou instrumentalitzada també a través dels documents escrits.During the 10th and 11th centuries, the Vallès region was the hinterland of the County of Barcelona: it was under the control of its sovereigns, but far enough from the capital to develop autonomous dynamics. A large quantity of original medieval documentation from this territory has been preserved in the rich archives of its ecclesiastic and civilian institutions. As a result, it is the ideal place to identify certain people, the scribes - those who authenticated documents with their signature in order to make them public. The present study is divided into three sections. The first focusses on the description of documentary sources and the methodology used to obtain and process the information. In the second, the scribes are identified, presenting an inventory and study of each of them, as well as a prosopography of about forty of them. The third section focusses on the topography linked to these scribes, showing the information sources and tools used for the analysis, as well as cartographic results and files of the topographic units that allow us to sense how the scribes were connected with the territory. Evidence shows that during the 10th and 11th centuries the great majority of the scribes were secular clerics, and the ecclesiastic career of some of them can be followed through the sources. During the 10th century, regular clergy are practically absent, while they appear signing a small proportion of documents in the 11th century. Inversely, during the 10th century there is a significant contingent of secular scribes, which reduced considerably during the 11th century. It can be concluded that the scribes authenticated the documents in performative acts, not merely assertive ones, by virtue of a public authority that distinguished the professions and made incompatible that of the judge and that of the scribe. Documentary homogeneity, long careers, a wide presence over the territory and, above all, the ability to change vocabulary in a short time span, are signs that there was a stable link between the public authority and the scribes long before the reception of the Jus commune and the introduction of the notary institution. During the course of the fourth decade of the 11th century there was a rapid change in the vocabulary used to designate holy places and adjacent spaces, a new form generated in a Carolingian theological context. It was probably the result of the executed plan of the count authority, promoted specifically by Ermessenda of Carcassone, and accompanied by the judge Bonshom and the bishops Pere Roger of Girona and Oliba of Vic, who consecrated their respective cathedrals in 1038. In Barcelona, a change of vocabulary can be found too, in this case at Santa Maria del Mar. There, on the occasion of the renovation of the Canonical cathedral (between 1009 and 1019), a direct intervention of the counts can be attested. A few years later, during the rebellion of the lords of the March in the middle of the 11th century, the scribes continued acting under the rule of a public authority. Their function was used to consolidate the new social and economic connections, based on the private use of violence, which was exploited too through written documents.
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Vergés, Pons Oliver. "Urgell mil anys enrere. Història política, social i econòmica d’un comtat i de la seva classe dirigent (870-1066)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406003.
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L’estudi «Urgell mil anys enrere. Història política, social i econòmica d’un comtat i de la seva classe dirigent (870-1066)» és un acostament a l’evolució històrica del comtat d’Urgell des de finals del segle ix fins a la segona meitat del segle xi. L’estudi, fonamentalment, pretén narrar el descabdellament polític del comtat des dels anys de govern de Guifré I el Pelós fins al decés d’Ermengol III –nét del seu besnét–, posant èmfasi en el paper protagonista de la família comtal urgellenca i en la resta de la classe dirigent del territori, i explicant les transformacions socials i econòmiques que va viure aquest comtat al llarg d’aquestes dues centúries. A través de la documentació conservada del període, s’han resseguit els principals fets que van tenir relació amb aquest territori, des de la desintegració de l’imperi carolingi i el naixement dels comtats a l’antiga Marca Hispànica (s. ix) fins a la consolidació de l’hegemonia barcelonina (s. xi). Estudiant aquests anys a través dels governs dels diversos comtes a Urgell, s’ha pogut conèixer la formació territorial del comtat i la delimitació de l’espai menor; l’inici, el desenvolupament i la cristal·lització del procés de feudalització; l’evolució del poder comtal –d’autoritat delegada de la monarquia a poder sobirà en un principat territorial; la formació d’una classe dirigent fidel als comtes; l’evolució d’un comtat muntanyenc cap a la conquesta de la plana, o la lluita entre les diverses cases comtals sud-pirinenques per l’hegemonia dels comtats de l’antiga Marca. D’altra banda, també s’ha posat èmfasi en l’evolució de la moral de la classe dirigent del territori, especialment la dels comtes, per tal de comprendre la manera de pensar de les autoritats del comtat i la lògica de la seva presa de decisions en un moment determinat. En definitiva, doncs, l’estudi «Urgell mil anys enrere» és la història d’un territori, el comtat d’Urgell, i de la seva classe dirigent, una història que pretén comprendre i explicar els fets, amb les seves causes i conseqüències, així com la transformació de la societat i de les estructures econòmiques del seu temps. Només coneixent de primera mà la història dels diversos comtats de l’antiga Marca, com ara el d’Urgell, podrem traçar un esbós de conjunt per tal de poder narrar amb coneixement de causa la història dels comtats catalans de fa mil anys.The study «Urgell a thousand years ago. Political, social and economic history of a county and its ruling class (870-1066)» is an approach to the historic evolution of the county of Urgell from the late 9th century to the second half of the 11th. The study, essentially aims to relate the political development of the county from the governing period of Guifré el Pelós to the passing of Ermengol III –grandson of his great-grandson–, emphasising the relevance of the ruling family in Urgell and the rest of the ruling class of the territory, and explaining the social and economic transformations that the county experienced during these two centuries. Through the documentation we keep from this period, the main facts affecting this territory have been traced, from the disintegration of the Carolingian Empire to the birth of the counties of the former Marca Hispanica (9th century) to the consolidation of the hegemony of Barcelona (11th century). Thanks to the study of these years through the governments of the different counts of Urgell, we have been able to know the territorial domain of the county and the delimitation of the minor space; the beginning, development and crystallization of the feudalization process; the evolution of the county power –from delegated authority of the monarchy to sovereign power in a territorial principality; the formation of a ruling class loyal to the counts; the evolution of a mountainous county to the conquest of the plains, or the fight between different county houses south of the Pyrenees looking for the hegemony in the counties of the former Marca. On the other hand, the moral evolution of the ruling class of the territory has also been stressed, especially of the counts, to understand the way of thinking of the county authorities and the logic of their decision-making in a given moment. In conclusion, the study «Urgell a thousand years ago» is the history of a territory, the county of Urgell, and of its ruling class; a history that aims to understand and explain the facts, with their causes and consequences, while also explaining the transformation of the society and the economic structures of the time. Only by first-hand knowledge of the former Marca counties’ history (e.g., county of Urgell) we will be able to make an informed outline of the whole territory in order to explain the history of the Catalan counties a thousand years ago.
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Roberts, John E. Freed John B. "Feudalism "Tryranny of a construct" /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1990. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9101124.
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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1990.Title from title page screen, viewed November 11, 2005. Dissertation Committee: John B. Freed (chair), William C. Archer, Carl J. Ekberg, David J. MacDonald, Lawrence W. McBride. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 272-285) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Garofalo, Michael. "Quia Emptores, Subinfeudation, and the Decline of Feudalism in Medieval England: Feudalism, it is Your Count that Votes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011861/.
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The focus of this thesis is threefold. First, Edward I enacted the Statute of Westminster III, Quia Emptores in 1290, at the insistence of his leading barons. Secondly, there were precedents for the king of England doing something against his will. Finally, there were unintended consequences once parliament passed this statute. The passage of the statute effectively outlawed subinfeudation in all fee simple estates. It also detailed how land was able to be transferred from one possessor to another. Prior to this statute being signed into law, a lord owed the King feudal incidences, which are fees or services of various types, paid by each property holder. In some cases, these fees were due in the form of knights and fighting soldiers along with the weapons and armor to support them. The number of these knights owed depended on the amount of land held. Lords in many cases would transfer land to another person and that person would now owe the feudal incidences to his new lord, not the original one. This amount collected by the lord effectively reduced the payments to the original lord. During the early Middle Ages, feudal incidences began to change to a monetary exchange which would be used to purchase outside knights and soldiers. At this time, lords throughout England were losing revenue because of the subinfeudation. The Statute of Quia Emptores stopped subinfeudation and prevented lords from transferring land to another by any method except for subsitution. The statute itself was short but it covered all land in England. I will argue in my thesis that this statute had more to do with the ending of feudalism than any other single event. I will further argue that it was not King Edward I's intention to end feudalism. The ending of feudalism was an unintended consequence of the enactment of his statute in 1290.
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Keshava, Naik H. P. "Some aspects of feudal elements in the Vijayanagara polity, 1336-1565 A.D." Mysore : Prasaranga, University of Mysore, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/46792755.html.
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Liu, Fengyun. "Qing dai san fan yan jiu." Beijing : Zhongguo ren min da xue chu ban she, 1994.
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Hetrick, Randal A. "Undoing feudalism : a new look at communal conflict mediation." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA280428.
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Clinkman, Daniel Edward. "Jeffersonian moment : feudalism and reform in Virginia, 1774-1786." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8952.
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In his autobiography, Thomas Jefferson argued that his goal in the American Revolution had been to eliminate “feudal and unnatural distinctions” in colonial American society as part of the struggle for independence. This thesis focuses on Jefferson’s years as a revolutionary legislator in the new state of Virginia, and argues that while he was correct in labelling Virginia a feudal society, his reforms were insufficient to the scale of social reformation that he identified. Material addressed includes Jefferson’s synthesis of British feudal and mercantile history that he constructed during the early years of the revolution, his proposed constitution for the state of Virginia, and his legislative reforms to the judiciary, landownership, the established church, education, citizenship, and slavery.
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Comshaw-Arnold, Benjamin W. "Feudalism in Decline: The Influence of Technology on Society." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1399675397.
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Arias, Ademir Aparecido de Moraes [UNESP]. "A traição na canção de Gesta Renaut de Montauban: herança neotestamentária, ética cavaleiresca e evolução política na França do século XIII." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93442.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2005-05-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:34:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
arias_aam_me_assis.pdf: 328561 bytes, checksum: 9e5b6608bd0b9757b92cf7b20a4186ea (MD5)Analisamos, nesta pesquisa, as formas como a traição era representada na sociedade feudal francesa do século XIII, através da Canção de Gesta Renaut de Montauban. A narrativa deste poema trata da revolta de Reinaldo, ajudado pelos seus irmãos e pelo primo Maugis, contra o imperador Carlos Magno e a longa guerra travada até a obtenção do perdão imperial. Com isto, nos vemos confrontados com a violação dos laços de fidelidade entre o vassalo e seu senhor e os julgamentos morais de uma aristocracia cavaleiresca francesa em crise, diante do efetivo aumento do poder real capetíngio. Como não podia combater o monarca, a aristocracia incentivava a difusão de formas literárias nas quais defendia a sua ideologia, baseada nos laços vassálicos e numa visão idealizada do passado. Também procuramos verificar como se consolidou a terminologia utilizada para nomear a traição, no Ocidente medieval, baseada na Bíblia latina, em especial nos Evangelhos e no episódio da entrega de Jesus por Judas Iscariótes, cuja herança perdura até nossos dias.
It's been analyzed, in this research, the forms how treason was represented in the French feudal society of the thirteenth century through Song of Geste Renaut de Montauban. The narrative of this poem deals with Renaut's revolt, helped by his brothers and cousin Maugis, against the emperor Charles the Great and the long lasting war until reaching the imperial forgiveness. Hereby, we find ourselves facing the violation of loyalty bonds between the vassal and his master and the moral judgments of a French chivalry aristocracy in crisis, before the effective increase of the Capetingian royal power. Not being able to fight the monarch, the aristocracy would encourage the diffusion of literary forms in which it would stand up to its ideology, based on vassal bonds and an idealized view of the past. We've also tried to verify how the terminology used to relate treason was consolidated in the medieval Occident, based on the Latin Bible, especially on the gospel and the passage of Judas Iscariot handing over Jesus and whose heritage lasts to the present days.
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Hanf, Maike. "Hamburgs Weg in die praktische Unabhängigkeit vom schauenburgischen Landesherrn." Hamburg : Verlag Verein für Hamburgische Geschichte, 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/21594194.html.
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Brown, Richard Ashely. "Bastard feudalism and the bishopric of Winchester, c.1280-1530." Thesis, University of Winchester, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.550214.
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This project involves the study of bastard feudalism on the estates of the bishopric of Winchester in the period 1280-1530. Among the many theses and books on late medieval noble families and on county communities none has been so well-documented as the bishopric of Winchester. No county that was dominated by the Church has yet been studied. To date, work on ecclesiastical estates has not concerned itself with their political significance. Yet Winchester was the greatest and best recorded episcopal estate, with many parallels, and there were other counties such as Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire, and Kent, also dominated by the Church. The thesis builds on modem work on the nobility and bastard feudalism. The ecclesiastical patronage of the bishops has been analysed for the whole of the period covered by this study. The main part of the study, however, is based on the bishops' piperolls and account books, which survive almost without interruption from 1208 and form a resource of unparalleled richness and bulk. The changing nature of the estate administration has been discussed at length. The study has concerned itself with the identity and remuneration of officers, with leaseholders and with annuitants. It suggests that the bishops clearly were bastard feudal lords, even if their use of retaining practices was not quite the same as the lay nobility. This material has been compared with evidence oflocal office-holding in order to build up a picture of the bishops' power in central southern England. The bishops retained many local officers. The records of the central courts have been sampled to establish how frequently the bishop sued offending tenants and officers. The thesis thus contributes to regional history, to the understanding of bastard feudalism itself, and to the role of ecclesiastical landowners. Finally, it tests the hypothesis that bishops evolved during the middle ages, from being major magnates akin to the lay nobility into the renders oflands that were exploited for financial and political gain by the local aristocracy who appropriated the patronage, manpower, and resources for themselves. Such developments are clearly observable on the Winchester estate before the Reformation, and presaged the major changes that were to come during the second half of the sixteenth century.
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Bosch, Casadevall Josep Maria. "L’escenari del feudalisme a la frontera del comtat de Barcelona. Anàlisi territorial dels assentaments, l’espai obert i els camins del terme castral d’Olèrdola (segles X -XI)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/525826.
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Avui dia el debat historiogràfic sobre la formació del feudalisme a Catalunya bascula entre el model rupturista de Pierre Bonnassie i el model continuista de Gaspar Feliu. El nivell de coneixements actual no permet encara posicionar-se clarament en un sentit o en un altre. Així, doncs, es continua acceptant, no sense matisos, que a les terres de la frontera del comtat de Barcelona, després d’una tendència depressiva multisecular, tot canvia quan al segle X esdevé un territori cobejat per les elits comtals. En relació amb aquest desig de posseir la terra, aquesta tesi explora a petita escala les decisions preses l’endemà de la conquesta a l’hora de determinar la mida dels termes castrals, d’ executar l’atermenament del sòl, de seleccionar el tipus de sòl atermenat i de triar el nombre d’assentaments per terme, així com les constants d’implantació dels castells i de les esglésies. L’objectiu d’aquesta anàlisi és conèixer el tipus d’ articulació que es produeix, d’una banda entre les preexistències del territori, i els castells i les esglésies de l ’altra. En altres paraules, es pretenen aconseguir proves de fins a quin punt aquestes decisions són fruit només de l’atzar o si bé ja estan determinades. És a dir, condicionades només per una manera de fer gravada en el subconscient en forma d’idees tipus que s’adapten als condicionants del territori, o bé de models que s’apliquen independentment d’aquests condicionants. En definitiva, aquesta tesi aspira a precisar la naturalesa de l’escenari en el qual les elits comtals imposen un nou ordre social i polític per a garantir continuar canalitzant les rendes de la terra.Nowadays the historiographical debate on the formation of feudalism in Catalonia fluctuates between the Pierre Bonnassie’s breaking model and Gaspar Feliu’s continuity model. The present level of knowledge does not yet allow for a clear positioning one way or another. Thus, we still accept, not without nuances, that everything changes when, in the 10th Century, the county of Barcelona borderland, after several centuries of depressive tendency, becomes a land coveted by count elites. Related to the desire to own the land, this thesis explores in its own small scale the decisions made the day after the conquest in determining the size of castral boundaries, the execution of land demarcation, the selection of the type of bordered land and the choice of the number of settlements per boundary, as well as the constants of introduction of castles and churches. The aim of this analysis is to find out the kind of relationship that occurs on the one hand between the pre- existing ones in the land, and castles and churches on the other hand. In other words, the goal is to obtain evidence about the extent to which these decisions are the result of simple chance or if they have already been determined, that is to say, conditioned only by behaviours engraved in the subconscious under the form of archetypal ideas adapted to the territory conditions, or else models that are applied regardless of these conditions. In short, this thesis aims to clarify the nature of the scenario in which count elites impose a new social and political order to ensure their continued channelled income from the land revenues.
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Saunders, Thomas Sebastian Aikman. "Marxism and archaeology : the origins of feudalism in early medieval England." Thesis, University of York, 1991. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4256/.
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Walker, S. K. "John of Gaunt and his retainers, 1361-1399." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236168.
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Garrison, Arthur Thomas. "Fields and Armor: A Comparative Analysis of English Feudalism and Japanese Hokensei." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103320/.
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Fields and Armor is a comparative study of English feudalism from the Norman Conquest until the reign of King Henry II (1154-1189) and Japan’s first military government, the Kamakura Bakufu (1185- 1333). This thesis was designed to examine the validity of a European-Japanese comparison. Such comparisons have been attempted in the past. However, many historians on both sides of the equation have levied some serious criticism against these endeavors. In light, of these valid criticisms, this thesis has been a comparison of medieval English government and that of the Kamakura-Samurai, because of a variety of geographic, cultural and social similarities that existed in both regions. These similarities include similar military organizations and parallel developments, which resulted in the formation of two of most centralized military governments in either Western Europe or East Asia, and finally, the presence and real enforcement of two forms of unitary inheritance in both locales.
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Justus, Hedy Melissa. "The Bioarchaeology of Population Structure, Social Organization, and Feudalism in Medieval Poland." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1515117429918966.
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Giordanengo, Gérard. "Le Droit féodal dans les pays de droit écrit : l'exemple de la Provence et du Dauphiné : XIIe-début XIVe siècle /." Rome : Paris : École française de Rome ; diff. De Boccard, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb349479114.
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Hann, Andrew Grahame. "Kinship and exchange relations within an estate economy : Ditchley, 1680-1750." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a9b1cf6e-7aa2-4f91-a3f3-f89d2eefcd7e.
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This thesis presents original evidence on changes occurring within the exchange economy of a north-west Oxfordshire rural community during the first half of the eighteenth century. It has been suggested that capitalism began to evolve in rural areas of England during this period due to the transformation of agriculture and growth of consumerism. Thus one would expect to find evidence of a growing commercialisation of the agrarian population characterised by increased reliance upon the market and a diminution of customary exchange and self-provisioning. Drawing evidence from the Ditchley estate accounts, the balance of monetary and nonmonetary exchange, the nature of transactions, and the role of kinship connections in mediating them, are described and analysed. It is argued that whilst the accounts do reveal significant levels of monetization and widespread use of market exchange especially after 1725, an extensive, largely non-monetized internal estate market in goods operated in parallel. These two systems appear to have been as much complementary as in competition, reflecting the high levels of integration within the local agrarian economy of the stonebrash region. Moreover, analysis of kinship networks suggests that many seemingly monetary transactions had a social component. Market exchange at Ditchley was essentially as dependent on social relations as reciprocal exchange within the neighbourhood area. The customary economy of kinsman and neighbour continued to flourish and to complement the expanding market economy in early eighteenth-century England, because both had a moral component. For the villagers at Ditchley there was no clear dichotomy between the two.
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Sijansky, Adam Wayne. "The Significance of Feudal Law in Thirteenth-Century Law Codes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc67948/.
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Although developments in feudal law in the thirteenth century influenced the legal environment of Europe for centuries, much of past and current historical research of feudalism examines the social system anthropologically but neglects an in-depth analysis of feudal law codes. My research combines the social-anthropological approach with relevant customary codes to demonstrate the importance of feudal law to a thirteenth-century society plagued by war, economic and social instability, and competing powers of the monarchy, judiciary, and religion. The assessment of feudal law within each legal code highlights its prominence as an accepted category of jurisprudence. This thesis provides a new perspective on the influence of feudalism in the thirteenth century, demonstrating the significance of feudal law as a mode of maintaining peace and prolonging land tenure.
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McKelvie, Gordon. "The legality of bastard feudalism : the statutes of livery, 1390 to c.1520." Thesis, University of Winchester, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.697725.
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This thesis is concerned with the nature of bastard feudalism and attempts to regulate it during the late medieval and early Tudor period. Bastard feudalism enabled late medieval governments and nobles to obtain the service they required, whether administrative, military or legal. In return for service, a lord granted to his retainers fees and/or his livery. Retaining and distributing livery became associated with public order problems such as maintenance, riots, assaults and intimidation. To prevent such abuses parliament passed several acts which restricted the distribution of livery and, later of fees, to members of a lord’s family, his permanent household servants and his legal counsel. The relationship between the statues and the resultant cases, thus the impact of the legislation on social practice, and by extension the extent and gravity of these abuses have not previously been investigated. This thesis provides a comprehensive investigation of the relationship between law-making and law-enforcing in England during this period by identifying all the cases of illegal livery that can be identified from the contemporary records. Chapter One examines the current literature on bastard feudalism in order to locate the thesis in its wider historiographical context. Chapter Two explains the records of King’s Bench, their strengths and weaknesses, and establishes a strategy for analysing them using modern database technology. It justifies the design of the database employed and suggests further applications beyond the scope of the thesis. Chapter Three discusses the 334 cases identified, establishes the chronological and geographical distribution of the cases and locates them in their wider local and national contexts. Chapter Four examines the statutes and how they evolved in response to differing pressures from the commons, the lords and the crown. Chapter Five examines the legal processes involved in enforcing the statutes, the outcomes of the cases and the effectiveness of law enforcement with regards to illegal livery. Chapter Six provides a prosopographical analysis of those charged with illegal livery, both giving and receiving. The final chapter summarises the main findings of the thesis, the significance of various patterns uncovered, and explains the wider significance of the research for the broader topics of late medieval politics, society, and public order. This thesis is thus a forensic and comprehensive study of a discrete facet of bastard feudalism that contributes to modern understanding of working of late medieval society, crime, public order, politics and the legal system.
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McHaffie, Matthew. "Power, lordship, and landholding in Anjou, c.1000-c.1150." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6366.
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This thesis explores the relationship between lordship and landholding in Anjou, from c.1000 to c.1150, focussing specifically on the effects of power upon that relationship. I consider questions central to lordship: how closely connected was lordship with control of land; to what extent was the exercise of seignorial power characterised by the use of force; what influence, if any, did legal norms have upon the exercise of power? I address these questions over four chapters. In chapter 1, I focus on the consent of lords to grants of land, emphasising the close relationship between lordship and landholding. Chapter 2 looks at claims for services lords brought on their tenants of ecclesiastical lands, and highlights the remedies contemporaries possessed against lordly heavy-handedness. In chapter 3, I explore lordship from the perspective of the tenant by outlining warranty of land, and suggest that warranty ensured the tenant considerable security of tenure. Chapter 4 rounds off the thesis through a detailed discussion of five cases, which I use to elucidate the workings of seignorial power, drawing attention to the interactions between lords and their lay followers. I situate these issues within a framework emphasising competition for control of land and resources, and stress the importance of legal norms in relation to such competition. The thrust of my argument is twofold. First, whilst I stress an environment of intense, sometimes violent, competition over resources, I suggest that the exercise of lordly power was not unlimited, nor was it arbitrary. Instead, ideals of good lordship, together with legal norms, served to act as important restraints upon power. Secondly, I emphasise the need to look at both the short-term and long-term consequences of competition over land, and stress that legal norms were influenced by the former, with an eye to the latter. I therefore stress the capacity for legal innovation and change in eleventh- and early twelfth-century society.
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Costa, Matthew. "Mother of capital: a history of rent, resistance, and critique." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23101.
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Contemporary economic theory primes economists to identify rents for elimination. Paradoxically, economic theory sees rents everywhere but insists they are extrinsic to capitalism. There is, however, a materialist tradition that resolves this contradiction. It conceives the history and theory of rent in terms of social-property relations (‘SPRs’), or what Marx and Engels called the ‘relations of production’. Working in the SPRs tradition, I argue the rent-relation is not only integral to capitalism but gave birth to it. Critiquing existing SPRs scholarship, I develop and defend a model of historical change I call ‘endogenous transformation’: I posit that SPRs are transformed through their reproduction. I apply this model to show how the dynamics of the medieval rent-relation—particularly its English variant—produced an endogenous crisis that transformed rent into a proletarianizing relation. This mutated rent-relation, I argue, forced English peasants off the land and into wage labour, and barred their return. Rent thereby gave birth to capital and became its ongoing precondition. This study also seeks to excavate a neglected corpus of critical rent theory, centuries older than political economy. Whereas political economy adopts a statist perspective, critical social theory, I argue, was grounded in peasant and proletarian resistance. In centring the capital-relation, Marx has made earlier critics’ of rent appear anachronistic. I argue, however, that they were in fact forgotten pioneers of SPRs analysis. Like this study, they too theorised rent as a proletarianizing relation and as the mother of capital. Rent theory, I argue, led critical theorists further still, to analyses of capitalist domination, exploitation, ideology, post-capitalist society, and social transformation. Finally, I claim, if rent indeed gave birth to capital, then we can hypothesise, as did Marx and his critical predecessors, that capital too will prove pregnant with its own successor.
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Arias, Ademir Aparecido de Moraes. "A traição na canção de Gesta Renaut de Montauban : herança neotestamentária, ética cavaleiresca e evolução política na França do século XIII /." Assis : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93442.
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Orientador: Ruy de Oliveira Andrade FilhoBanca: Heloisa Costa Milton
Banca: Giulia Crippa
Resumo: Analisamos, nesta pesquisa, as formas como a traição era representada na sociedade feudal francesa do século XIII, através da Canção de Gesta Renaut de Montauban. A narrativa deste poema trata da revolta de Reinaldo, ajudado pelos seus irmãos e pelo primo Maugis, contra o imperador Carlos Magno e a longa guerra travada até a obtenção do perdão imperial. Com isto, nos vemos confrontados com a violação dos laços de fidelidade entre o vassalo e seu senhor e os julgamentos morais de uma aristocracia cavaleiresca francesa em crise, diante do efetivo aumento do poder real capetíngio. Como não podia combater o monarca, a aristocracia incentivava a difusão de formas literárias nas quais defendia a sua ideologia, baseada nos laços vassálicos e numa visão idealizada do passado. Também procuramos verificar como se consolidou a terminologia utilizada para nomear a "traição", no Ocidente medieval, baseada na Bíblia latina, em especial nos Evangelhos e no episódio da entrega de Jesus por Judas Iscariótes, cuja herança perdura até nossos dias.
Abstract: It's been analyzed, in this research, the forms how treason was represented in the French feudal society of the thirteenth century through Song of Geste Renaut de Montauban. The narrative of this poem deals with Renaut's revolt, helped by his brothers and cousin Maugis, against the emperor Charles the Great and the long lasting war until reaching the imperial forgiveness. Hereby, we find ourselves facing the violation of loyalty bonds between the vassal and his master and the moral judgments of a French chivalry aristocracy in crisis, before the effective increase of the Capetingian royal power. Not being able to fight the monarch, the aristocracy would encourage the diffusion of literary forms in which it would stand up to its ideology, based on vassal bonds and an idealized view of the past. We've also tried to verify how the terminology used to relate "treason" was consolidated in the medieval Occident, based on the Latin Bible, especially on the gospel and the passage of Judas Iscariot handing over Jesus and whose heritage lasts to the present days.
Mestre
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Arévalo, Viñas Miriam. "Ripoll: menestrals i monjos en el marc feudal: segles XVI-XVIII." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401345.
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Aquesta tesi estudia la lluita dels homes de la vila de Ripoll per a obtenir un consell de govern propi independent de l’abat des del segle XVI fins a l’any 1755. El govern polític i econòmic existent a la vila ripollesa al segle XV fou exactament igual que a la primera meitat del segle XVIII, sense cap evolució política, passant per sobre, inclòs, del mateix Decret de Nova Planta, convertint-se en un cas únic a tot el Principat. Per tant, aquesta tesi esdevé el millor exemple de pervivència i resistència de les estructures feudals a les acaballes de l’Antic Règim.
L’estudi dels fets primer, per veure com fou l’evolució d’aquesta lluita entre els segles XIII-XVIII, i de l’economia i especialment de la societat moderna posteriorment, ens evidenciaran tres punts molt importants; el primer, que la lluita es desenvolupà tant per la via de dret com per la via de fet; el segon, que el fet que la vila de Ripoll fos de jurisdicció baronial no perjudicà ni el seu creixement demogràfic ni el seu creixement econòmic; i el tercer, que les xarxes familiars o clientelars foren fonamentals, tant per la lluita pel govern consolar i/o l’emancipació baronial, com per a l’impediment d’aquests objectius per part dels monjos, estenent-se els llaços d’aquestes xarxes arreu de Catalunya, impedint que la voluntat dels ripollesos pogués aconseguir-se abans de l’any 1755.This thesis studies the fight of the men of Ripoll to obtain a council of government independent of the abbot since the 16th century until year 1755. The political and economic government existing in the town of Ripoll in the 15th century was exactly the same as at the first half of the 18th century, without any political evolution, passing over, included, of the same Decree of Nueva Planta, becoming a unique case in the Principality of Catalonia. Therefore, this thesis becomes the best example of survival and resistance of the feudal structures on the final stages of the Ancient Regime. The study about the facts first, to see how the evolution of this fight was among the centuries XIII-XVIII, and about the economy and especially of the modern society later, they will make us evident three very important points; the first, that the fight developed via law as well as via fact; the second, that the fact that Ripoll was of baronial jurisdiction did not prejudice either its demographic growth or its economic growth; and the third, that the family or clientelistic networks would be fundamental in this fight for the government to the town and/or to obtain the baronial emancipation, existing these networks all over Catalonia, preventing from the will of the inhabitants of Ripoll being able to be achieved before year 1755.
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Kegel-Schorer, Catherine de. "Die Freien auf Leutkircher Heide : Ursprung, Ausformung und Erosion einer oberdeutschen Freibauerngenossenschaft." Epfendorf Bibliotheca-Academica-Verl, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&docl̲ibrary=BVB01&docn̲umber=015676839&linen̲umber=0002&funcc̲ode=DBR̲ECORDS&servicet̲ype=MEDIA.
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Berktay, Halil. "The "other" feudalism : a critique of 20th century Turkish historiography and its particularisation of Ottoman society." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521258.
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This thesis is about debates over the nature of Ottoman society, particularly in its classical Age of the 14th-16th centuries. The idea that it was not feudal has constituted the ruling paradigm in Turkish historiography since the late 1930s. From the second half of the 1960s onwards, that proposition has come to be shared by theorists of the "Asiatic mode of production". This verdict involve, arguing from a model of (European) feudalism that had its heyday in the 19th century, but still continues to exercise some influence over western historians' minds. The study of Turkish historiography therefore opens up to the study of the development of medieval history in general, with both dimensions axed on the question of our notions of feudalism and feudal society. In chapter I, the basic features of the Ottoman timar system, which lies at the heart of the controversy, are presented, followed by a summary of the literature that favours the feudalism view. Chapters II and III deal with the rise and subsequent crisis of 20th century Turkish nationalist historiography, concentrating on the works and ideas of Fuat Koprulu, Omer Lutfi Barkan and Halil 1nalclk. AMP theory is dealt with in Chapter IV. Chapter V reviews the recent developments in western medieval history that, it is argued, have rendered the notion of feudalism utilised by the proponents of the Ottoman non-feudalism thesis obsolete. The thesis concludes with a sketch of the specificities of Ottoman feudalism in comparative perspective.
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Djelida, Ahmed. "Définition de l'institution monarchique dans le royaume siculo-normand." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROD005.
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Notre étude vise à dégager deux phases successives dans la construction de la royauté normande de Sicile. La première est entamée par Roger II. Le pouvoir est personnel, non défini juridiquement ; il dépend essentiellement de la capacité du roi à l’imposer. Le roi muselle l’aristocratie féodale et préfère s’entourer de l’aristocratie orientale, plus habituée à un pouvoir fort, qu’il utilise dans son administration. La seconde advient durant le règne de Guillaume Ier. Autour de 1161, la pression seigneuriale rompt la dynamique antérieure. L’émir des émirs, symbole de la domination administrative orientale, est assassiné et remplacé par un conseil de familiares regis. Ces poussées aristocratiques contraignent le pouvoir royal à s’institutionnaliser. Les contours juridiques de la fonction royale se définissent et s’occidentalisentThe object of our study is to distinguish two following stages in the building of the Norman Kingship of Sicily. The first is initiated by Roger II. Power is personal, juridically undefined and depends mostly on the king’s ability to enforce it. The king muzzles the feudal aristocracy and rather likes to engage with the eastern aristocracy, more used to a strong power, in the administration of his affairs. The second arrives during the reign of William I. Around 1161, pressure from the lords breaks the previous dynamic. Amiratus amiratorem, emblem of the domination of the east on the administration, is killed and replaced by a council of famiiares regis.The rise of the aristocracy compels to the institutionalisation of the royal power. The royal function becomes juridically limited and is no longer influenced by an eastern approach
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Floris, Giacomo. "Signoria, incastellamento e riorganizzazione di un territorio nel tardo Medioevo: il caso della Gallura." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120097.
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La tesi costituisce il risultato finale del progetto di ricerca sviluppato durante questi anni di esperienza presso la Universitat de Barcelona. I primi passi di questo lavoro si ritrovano già nella tesi di laurea presentata all’Università degli Studi di Sassari sotto la direzione del Prof. Giuseppe Meloni e del Prof. Alessandro Soddu. A questo primo studio, incentrato sul castello sardo di Posada o della Fava, è seguito un secondo lavoro di ricerca nell’ambito del Diploma de Estudios Avanzados (DEA) della Universitat de Barcelona, sotto la direzione del Prof. Ignasi Baiges. In quest’ultimo caso la ricerca è stata estesa all’intero distretto di competenza del castello, la curatorìa di Posada, per valutare dinamiche di potere e processi insediativi in una prospettiva d’analisi più ampia.
La tesi è articolata in sei capitoli.
Il primo, La Gallura nel basso medioevo, ripercorre sinteticamente il processo storico e i principali avvenimenti politici relativi alla Gallura dall’XI al XV secolo.
Il secondo capitolo, Il periodo giudicale e visconteo (XI-XIII secolo), analizza le strutture amministrative, sociali ed economiche e i quadri insediativi durante la fase giudicale (XI-XIII secolo) e poi giudicale-viscontea (XIII secolo). Si è deciso di accorpare le due fasi in un unico capitolo perché non si trattò dell’affermazione di una signoria a discapito della giurisdizione indigena giudicale. Al di là delle modalità con cui i Visconti assunsero la guida del regno di Gallura, essi stessi non ne sovvertirono le strutture fondamentali e se ne fecero, anzi, i continuatori, pur introducendo certamente delle novità, la principale delle quali è rappresentata dall’incastellamento.
Il terzo capitolo, Il periodo pisano (XIV secolo), analizza gli assetti amministrativi, sociali ed economici durante la fase che vide il diretto controllo da parte del Comune di Pisa dei territori confiscati ai Visconti, alla luce della fonte di riferimento per questo periodo rappresentata dal Liber fondachi, evidenziando gli aspetti di continuità o rottura con le istituzioni antecedenti.
Il quarto capitolo, Il periodo catalano-aragonese (XIV secolo), è dedicato all’esame delle strutture amministrative ed economico-sociali, attraverso la ricca documentazione dell’Archivio della Corona d’Aragona e in particolare dei due fondamentali registri fiscali e patrimoniali denominati Componiment de Sardenya e Libre de la Camerlengía. La principale novità è costituita dall’applicazione quasi sistematica delle concessioni feudali, che ridisegnarono l’assetto territoriale gallurese.
Il quinto capitolo, Un esempio particolare: Posada, intende proporre l’analisi di un caso esemplare delle due forme di organizzazione territoriale evidenziate nella storia della Gallura tardomedievale, l’incastellamento e il feudalesimo. Il castello della Fava, a controllo del borgo fortificato di Posada e dell’omonima curatorìa, rappresenta bene l’espressione del nuovo dominio giudicale-visconteo della metà del Duecento e della successiva giurisdizione pisana: centro di coordinamento delle attività economiche, agropastorali e commerciali (per la presenza del porto e della dogana del sale), punto di riferimento per le comunità del retroterra e dei traffici costieri e con la penisola. Durante il Trecento catalano-aragonese questa vocazione non venne completamente meno, ma fu irregimentata nella struttura amministrativa regia e feudale, con la conseguente accentuazione del carattere militare del castello della Fava e un maggiore interesse del feudatario per la rendita fondiaria.
Il sesto e ultimo capitolo, Le strutture ecclesiastiche e religiose, esamina i quadri diocesani (Civita e Galtellì), il ruolo dell’Opera di S. Maria di Pisa e gli insediamenti monastici (Vittorini, Benedettini) e ospedalieri (Santo Spirito, Gerosolimitani).
Il lavoro è completato da un’appendice documentaria, comprendente (prevalentemente in forma di regesto) le fonti, edite e inedite, utilizzate per la stesura della tesi, e una serie di tavole e carte di supporto.El trabajo se centra en el estudio de una región de Cerdeña (Italia), la Gallura en la Edad Media, en el período entre los siglos XI y XV, con una mayor referencia a los siglos XIII y XIV. La tesis se divide en cinco capítulos. En el primero, La Gallura en la Edad Media, se traza brevemente el proceso histórico y los principales acontecimientos políticos relacionados con la Gallura entre el siglo XI al XV. En el segundo capítulo, el período Judicial/Real indígena y de los Visconti (s. XI-XIII), se analizan las estructuras administrativas, los marcos sociales y económicos y el pasaje desde el gobierno indígena (siglos XI-XIII) al gobierno de la familia pisana de los Visconti (siglo XIII). Más allá de las formas en que los Visconti tomaron el mando del reino de Gallura, no subvirtieron las estructuras fundamentales del ¿Estado¿, aunque si introdujeron novedades como lo que se llama ¿Incastellamento¿. El tercero capítulo tiene por objeto el análisis del período propiamente Pisano. En este se han estudiado los acontecimientos históricos que llevaron al gobierno la República de Pisa en Gallura. Muy importante el análisis de las leyes y de los reglamentos dictados por Pisa en Gallura, en este caso se ha tratando de averiguar, por un lado, la influencia en la legislación autóctona del derecho peninsular italiano y después el resultado de esta acción en la sociedad gallurese. En este sentido se ha intentado tratar y aclarar los aspectos de continuidad o de ruptura con las instituciones del período anterior. La mayor cantidad y calidad de las fuentes ha permitido luego, estudiar los diferentes cargos administrativos, los impuestos y los diferentes dominios rurales pertenecientes a la Republica Pisana. Desde el punto de vista social, ha sido posible destacar los aspectos demográficos, los estilos de vida y las diferentes clases sociales en las que se organizaba el territorio. El cuarto capítulo analiza el período catalán-aragonés. La lucha contra la ciudad de Pisa para la conquista de la Gallura y de toda la isla de Cerdeña; las dificultades que encuentra la Corona de Aragón en controlar un territorio marginal en comparación con otras áreas de Cerdeña. En este capítulo, también se ha tenido en cuenta los cambios introducidos por la Corona y la aportación de una nueva estructura político-administrativa, el feudalismo, que llevó a la desaparición de la precedente división territorial. Hemos tratado de poner en relieve los elementos de continuidad, como, por ejemplo, la administración de la justicia, que se ejercía de acuerdo con las formas y leyes de la tradición indígenas, así como la administración fiscal. El quinto capítulo, es un ejemplo concreto de reorganización territorial. Se trata de la villa de Posada, ejemplo de las dos formas de organización territorial de relieve en la Baja Edad Media la historia de Gallura, el ¿incastellamento¿ y el feudalismo. El Castillo de Posada, ejercía su control sobre la misma villa fortificada de Posada y sobre la provincia homónima y también representa la expresión del dominio nuevo de los reyes/jueces Visconti en la mitad del siglo XIII y después será el centro de coordinación de las actividades económicas, agro-pastoriles y comerciales (la presencia del puerto y la aduana de sal) de la ciudad de Pisa en Gallura, y el punto de referencia para las comunidades del interior de la isla que comerciaban con las ciudades de la península italiana. Durante el siglo XIV, en el periodo catalán-aragonés, este territorio fue regido según las leyes feudales, con la consecuente intensificación del carácter militar del Castillo de Posada. El último capítulo analiza los caracteres de la iglesia medieval en Gallura, sus relaciones con el poder civil y lo eclesiástico, las causas del surgimiento de las dos diócesis de este territorio y la participación del clero local en todas las dinámicas políticas y sociales. La segunda parte de la tesis recoge por una parte la apéndice documental, que contiene todos los documentos, publicados e inéditos, que se ha utilizado en la preparación de la tesis (documentos transcritos en su totalidad o en forma de un resumen), y después una serie de tablas para resumir y presentar todos los datos que ilustran de forma analítica las diversas dinámicas de la Gallura.
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Boyd, Nathaniel. "Hegel's concept of the estates." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11121.
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The development of political modernity in Europe entailed a process whereby formerly important political forms increasingly lost significance and were transformed in a long process that led to the separation of individuals from political power, in the distinctive shape of modern (depoliticised) civil society and the state. The thought of G.W.F Hegel (1770–1831), which has fundamentally shaped the modern understanding of these developments, came to its maturity at the most advanced stage of this process, while the French Revolution was transforming the continental world. He thought through this process from a very early stage in his development (1800–4), and thereby formed the essentials of his political theory. But on the cusp of this modernity Hegel seemed to affirm what has appeared to many as the old powers that had disappeared in the formation of the modern state – the Stände. For many he thereby turned his political thought into an apparent anachronism. This dissertation, however, will argue that Hegel’s thought remains fundamentally modern and not at all anachronistic in its affirmation of the Stände. On the contrary, it is only through an examination of the concept of the Stände in Hegel’s thought, that one can fully understand the essentially institutional focus of his politics. This dissertation will argue for the significance of the concept of the Stände through historically situating Hegel’s thought and its engagement with the modern tradition. It will do so through a methodological examination of the concept in Hegel’s early period (1800–4) where the institutional character of his politics is first shaped and formed, in the perspective of insights from his mature political philosophy (1820/21). In so doing it will show how the concept of the Stände and the institutionalism it implies form Hegel’s unique response to the development of modern civil society.
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Melhem, Ghassan. "Le développement économique et le rôle politique du confessionalisme au Liban." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10019.
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L'émergence du confessionnalisme au Liban est en corrélation avec le développement particulier du capitalisme dans la société libanaise, ce qui semble différent du modèle de modernisme de la société européenne et occidentale. C'est ainsi qu'on peut avancer que l'émergence historique de la formule politique confessionnelle n'était jamais un phénomène aléatoire ou spontané. Force est de constater que l'institutionnalisation du confessionnalisme était le corollaire de la déviation ou la déformation de la capitalisation ainsi que de la modernisation, un système confessionnel s'étant établi au lieu de l'instauration d'une institution étatique moderne sur la base du contrat social concrétisant l'unité nationale et la solidarité sociale à l'instar de la société européenne contemporaine. Ainsi, la pénétration du capitalisme occidental et l'articulation de l'économie nationale au marché capitaliste mondial incarnent la place du Liban dans l'économie internationale comme zone périphérique en marginalisant ses secteurs productifs. La bourgeoisie commerciale et bancaire s'impose alors dans le contexte d'une économie rentière tout en entreprenant la fonction d'intermédiaire entre Occident et Orient. Cette bourgeoisie intermédiaire contrôle l'intégralité du système libanais en coalition avec l'aristocratie traditionnelle. Elle s'applique à restreindre et à étouffer toute sorte de mobilité syndicale ou associative émanant d'une lutte des classes sociales tout en suscitant en contrepartie un alignement et un affrontement d'envergure confessionnelle, à quoi est dû le sectarisme marquant le parcours historique de la vie publique libanaise et la «configuration» de l'organisation constitutionnelle du paysThe emergence of sectarianism in Lebanon is correlated with the particular development of capitalism in the Lebanese society, which seems different from the model of modernism in the Western and European society. This is how we can argue that the historical emergence of sectarian political formula was not a random or spontaneous phenomenon. It is clear that the institutionalization of sectarianism was the corollary of the deflection or deformation of capitalization and modernization; a sectarian system was established instead than the establishment of a modern state institution on the basis of the social contract that concretize national unity and social solidarity just like the contemporary European society. Thus, the penetration of Western capitalism and the articulation of the national economy into the world capitalist market embody Lebanon's position in the international economy as a peripheral area marginalizing its productive sectors. The commercial and banking bourgeoisie wins in the context of a rent economy by undertaking an intermediary function between West and East. This intermediate bourgeoisie controls the entire Lebanese system in coalition with the traditional aristocracy. It applies to restrict and stifle any form of syndicate or association mobility emanating from a struggle of social classes by creating confessional alignment and confrontation to which is due sectarianism that marks the historical track of the Lebanese public life and the "configuration" of the constitutional structure of the country
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Retsö, Dag. "Länsförvaltningen i Sverige 1434-1520." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8413.
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For long there has been lacking a systematic survey of local fiscal administration in Sweden for the period between the Engelbrekt uprising 1434 and the Stockholm blood-bath 1520. At the same time, scholarly research has paid much attention to issues of fiefs and vassalage during the period. In particular, there has been a tendency to highlight the period as one during which direct crown administration slowly replaced fiefs in return for service to the realm as the main form of local fiscal administration. Thus, the late medieval period has been regarded as one of increased centralization, pointing towards the centralized bureaucratic state of the 16th and 17th centuries. Implicitly, such a development away from a weak feudal state form has been seen as a sign of incipient modern state-building. The purpose of this dissertation is to chart local fiscal administration in Sweden between 1434 and 1520. The emerging picture is not in accordance with earlier research. Instead, fiefs are found to be the overall dominating form of local fiscal administration during the whole period and no unambiguous tendencies towards centralization can be observed. Furthermore, the result is interpreted within the framework of modern research on the medieval state, in which the general concept of feudalism has been questioned. Fiefs are here seen as an integral part of the state apparatus rather than an infringement upon it, and a fully rational device for reducing administrative transaction costs. Ultimately, it means that the decentralized local fiscal administration of late medieval Sweden is not a manifestation of a weak state but of a full-fledged medieval state structure and an administrative apparatus which adequately fulfilled its required functions.
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KISER, EDGAR VANCE. "KINGS AND CLASSES: CROWN AUTONOMY, STATE POLICIES, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN WESTERN EUROPEAN ABSOLUTISMS (ENGLAND, FRANCE, SWEDEN, SPAIN)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184073.
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This dissertation explores the role of Absolutist states in the transition from feudalism to capitalism in Western Europe. Three general questions are addressed: (1) what are the determinants of variations in the autonomy of rulers? (2) what are the consequences of variations in autonomy for states policies? and (3) what are the effects of various state policies on economic development? A new theoretical framework, based on a synthesis of the neoclassical economic literature on principal-agent relations and current organizational theory in sociology, is developed to answer these three questions. Case studies of Absolutism in England, France, Sweden, and Spain are used to illustrate the explanatory power of the theory.
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Losey, James. "The Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement and the Networked Public Sphere : How to avoid a Convergent Crisis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-204641.
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Communications scholarship faces a convergent crisis. Research on networks includes the role of information networks in supporting social movements, networked civil society, the information society, and new forms of communication. But while communications literature utilizes a variety of approaches to describe the impact of networked communications, a dearth of technical expertise permeates scholarship. Despite the discourse on networks potentially bridging previously distinct disciplines, the lack of a fundamental understanding of communications networks and relationships between technical and socio-political networks remains a consistent gap. This thesis will investigate the extent that opposition to the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) in Europe constitute a networked public sphere. Through studying the role of civl society and the networked public in the European ACTA debate, the horizontal and vertical dimensions of socio-political and communications technology networks are not only illuminated, but the importance of analyzing the mechanisms through which vertical hierarchies enclose the public sphere become abundantly clear. This research provides the foundation for an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the relationship between information technology and socio-political networks and offers lessons for information policy makers, communications scholars, and networked civil society within the context of European democracy.
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Joakim, Aronsson. "I Want to Breathe You In : Data as Raw Commodity." Thesis, Konstfack, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7977.
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In this paper, I look at the history of the internet and online advertising. The internet is inextricably linked to capitalism and is fueled by advertising. As a result, companies like Facebook, Apple, Microsoft, Google, and Amazon collect data in large volumes to improve targeted advertising. An investigation of new power structures has emerged with the internet and how they dominate its and our future. My creativity lies between art and technology. By merging new technologies like Artificial Intelligence with humor and graphic design, I try to shine a light on the subject.
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Leroux, Cécile. "Les enquêtes féodales de Charles le Téméraire." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30048.
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Soucieux d'avoir une armée nombreuse et efficace, Charles le Téméraire lance une série d'enquêtes féodales. Il s'agit pour lui de recenser ses vassaux et d'en obtenir un service militaire en fonction de la valeur de leurs fiefs. Entre 1467 et 1477, son personnel parcourt tous ses territoires pour recueillir les informations sur les terres et les rentes possédées et pour en contrôler les possesseurs. Ces recherches ont laissé des registres divers. Dans un contexte de guerres, de résistances diverses, de lenteurs administratives, quelle a été l'efficacité des enquêtes féodales ?Since he was anxious to have a large and efficient army, Charles the Bold wanted to obtain from his vassals an armed service in accordance with the value of their fiefdoms. Therefore he launched a series of feudal surveys to inventory the lands and possessions of his vassals. Between 1467 and 1477, his staff travelled to all his territories collecting information about owned lands and incomes, thus providing a way to control the owners of those lands. Different records remain from those investigations. However, looking at these in the context of wars, of various opposing factors, and of administrative slowness, how efficient were these feudal surveys ?
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Hepworth, Graham. "Manifestations of Capitalism from a Marxist Perspective : A comparison of Cultural Values and Moral Codes in Moby Dick and David Copperfield." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26827.
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This is a study of Charles Dickens David Copperfield and Herman Melville Moby Dick from a Marxist perspective, exploring the different manifestations of the capitalist system, with critical reference to the theories of Raymond Williams and Terry Eagleton. It will attempt to understand cultural differences, values and moral codes, that the two novels reveal about Victorian England and Antebellum America, at this point in literary history, the decade of time with 1850 at its centre. The thesis will explore how the cultural legacy and ambitions of each nation is represented in each of the novels. By comparing the central themes of each work, the study will attempt to illustrate how capitalism is expressed specifically in each nation.
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Verdon, Laure. "La terre et les hommes en Roussillon aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles : structures seigneuriales, rente et société d'après les sources templières /." Aix-en-Provence : Publications de l'Université de Provence, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb377144197.
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Watson, Angus. "Place-names, land and lordship in the medieval earldom of Strathearn." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11331.
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The first aim of this thesis is to present a comprehensive toponymic listing and analysis for six parishes of Western Strathearn, and this is done in Part One where approximately 2500 place-names are considered. The medieval parishes of BQR, COM, TEX, MUT, MZX and MXZ form a continuous, largely upland, area, topographically distinct from the Strathearn parishes to the east, and with the exception of Innerpeffray (part of MXZ, see esp. Part Two, Appendix 1b) somewhat less affected, in the 12c to 14c at least, by inward migration of Anglo-Norman and other non-Gaelic groups or individuals. Thus we might expect this western area to be the most conservative part of an earldom that Cynthia Neville has characterised as conservative and insular as late as 13c when compared to other major Scottish earldoms and lordships (Neville 1983, eg vol i, 156, Neville 2000, 76). The core lands of the more easterly medieval parish of FOW were subjected to the same comprehensive toponymic analysis. Though that toponymic material could not be included for reasons of space, it has contributed, along with the material from the six parishes covered in the gazetteers below, to the second main aspect of the thesis, the discussion of lordship and land organisation in Part Two. In Part Two will also be found an introduction to the earldom of Strathearn and a discussion of a number of aspects of its history, as well as appendices giving additional information relevant to the topics discussed in the body of the thesis. The parish unit was chosen as the basis for the organisation of this thesis since John Rogers (Rogers 1992, esp. 125-7) has shown the fundamental link between the form of the ecclesiastical parishes, whose creation was complete by 12c, and pre-existing units of land usually referred to as multiple estates, a multiple estate being a group of individual estates, not necessarily contiguous, organised and operated as a coherent social, tenurial and economic unit. As Rogers puts it, multiple estates were essentially units of lordship, taking the form of a principal settlement or caput with a number of dependent settlements. They contained within their bounds all the resources required to support their economies and to produce the necessary renders. Accordingly they were arranged in the landscape to exploit those resources, a process which often produced irregular geographical forms, including areas detached from the main body of the estate. This process frequently led to a specialisation of function, such as the management of pasture, amongst the component settlements. Jones (1976) discusses the multiple estate in the context of the early British Isles, Dodgshon (1981, esp. 58ff) in a Scottish context. The latter writer says (op. cit., 58) that in their variety of scale, multiple estates have often been likened to a parish, though some were undoubtedly larger, adding that lordship was exercised over them by a tribal chief, a king or a feudal baron. Many of these characteristics will be found relevant to the discussion of land organisation and lordship in Part Two. In our present state of knowledge, then, the medieval parishes are the best representation we have of the patterns of land organisation in Strathearn as they may have been in the time of the late Pictish and early Scottish kingdoms. A practical demonstration of the relevance of parish boundaries lies in the fact that it is rare indeed to find a settlement place-name whose area of reference straddles the boundary of a medieval parish. It is overwhelmingly within the context of the original parish that the place-names of an area have coherence and are most likely to give up their secrets.
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Fiske, James Tutu. "Western Media use of the Third World Construct: A Framing Analysis of its Validity." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1246.
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This study will provide a clearer understanding of the construct, Third World, which may not seem to have a consensus meaning. This is because its perceived definition, which is linked, first to feudalism and then to the socio-politico conditions that existed during the period leading up to and immediately after the cold war means that its conceptual metamorphosis should have ceased once these periods were relegated to the annals of history.
Whether and how contemporary definitions of Third World have changed since then should be of interest to scholars and is the focus of this study. This is because anecdotally speaking the media have reframed this construct in a manner that recreates, so called, Third World nations into the three categories of very Third World, somewhat Third World, and not at all Third World. What this study reveals, however, is that these distinctions and to some extent the designations of nations as first, second, and third worlds are misleading colloquialisms.
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Fievet, Raoul. "La culture de l'honneur : le cas de l'Angleterre des XIVe- XVe siecles." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE2038.
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La culture de l'honneur, notion primordiale dans la structuration de la société médiévale, fait ici l'objet d'un développement particulier au travers de l'angleterre des xive-xve siècles. cette analyse tente de dresser un tableau global des représentations sociales liées à l'honneur, en particulier dans le contexte de l'affirmation de l'état. sont ainsi explorés les mécanismes d'hybridation ou de rejet entre les diverses appréciations de l'honneur, en analysant notamment l'impact des efforts d'encadrement de l'honneur de la part de l'état ou de l'église dans l'émergence de nouvelles conceptions de l'honneur. dans cette optique, de nombreux développements mettent en lumière la façon dont les individus ou les groupes conçoivent et expriment à leurs niveaux la notion d'honneur, ainsi que les comportements, les attitudes attendues, notamment aux travers des violences d'honneur, qui permettent de s'affirmer dans le regard des autres comme un « homme honorable ». en outre, le cas plus spécifique de la noblesse y est naturellement largement exprimé, en particulier dans la perspective des changements profonds qui affectent ce groupe dans l'Angleterre des XIV-XV siècles, liés à l'affaiblissement des liens de loyauté, à l'émergence des réseaux de clientèle et à l'ouverture de la gentry à de nouveaux membres, dans le cadre du « féodalisme bâtard ». au sein de cette noblesse, une attention spécifique est aussi accordée aux références spécifiques des magnatsThe culture of honor, a vital concept in the structure of medieval society, here is the subject of a particular analysis through england in the late middle age. This analysis attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of social representations of honor, within the main groups in society. In this regard, many developments highlight how individuals and groups perceive and express the concept of honor. This study also aims to show how individuals or groups trying to assert their honorable character, including through violence. In addition, the more specific case of the aristocracy is naturally well treated, in particular in view of the profound changes that have affected this group in england during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, related to the phenomenon of "bastard feudalism" and decline in military experience. In addition, this study explains the operating principle of honor, particularly as regards the ties between the honor and social status. This thesis also highlights the impact of state formation on the culture of honor, especially on the honor of the nobles and gentlemen
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Fray, Sébastien. "L’aristocratie laïque au miroir des récits hagiographiques des pays d’Olt et de Dordogne (Xe-XIe siècles)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040100.
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La présente étude s’inscrit dans le débat à propos d’une éventuelle « mutation féodale » autour de l’an mil. Il s’agit d’étudier l’aristocratie laïque durant les Xe et XIe siècles, en prêtant une égale attention aux ressorts matériels et idéologiques de sa domination sociale. La signification des transformations que connaît alors l’écriture diplomatique étant au cœur de la controverse, le choix a été fait de partir des sources hagiographiques originaires des abbayes d’Aurillac, Conques et Figeac. Mais le discours hagiographique présente ses propres biais. Afin de s’en prémunir au mieux, on a confronté autant que possible les affirmations des sources hagiographiques aux informations disponibles grâce à d’autres types de documents. La démonstration procède en deux étapes. En recourant aux méthodes de l’hagiologie, la première partie permet de contextualiser la production hagiographique et de s’interroger sur les conditions de sa réception : on s’aperçoit que si les textes latins sont d’abord destinés à être lus par des clercs, de multiples canaux de diffusion orale permettaient aux hagiographes de s’adresser également aux laïcs, en particulier à l’aristocratie. La seconde partie étudie l’évolution de la domination aristocratique à travers ce que permet d’en percevoir l’hagiographie. Elle montre qu’un certain nombre de transformations ont eu lieu dès le début du Xe siècle et permettent de parler d’une « mutation de l’an 900 » : l’émergence de la chevalerie, la mise en place de la féodalité, la montée en puissance des sires, l’importance des châteaux et des milites sont autant de phénomènes qui datent de cette époque. Toutefois, l’an mil connaît deux ajustements non négligeables : le redéploiement de l’identité aristocratique autour des châteaux et le passage d’une conception cognatique de la parenté noble à une autre d’avantage agnatiqueThe present study falls within the scope of the debate about a possible “feudal mutation” around the year 1000. It is concerned with the study of lay aristocracy during the 10th and 11th centuries, by giving equal attention to ideological and material aspects of its social domination. Because the meaning of the transformations that affect diplomatic writing then is in the heart of the matter, we make the choice to work from the hagiographic narratives from the abbeys of Aurillac, Conques and Figeac. But there are also biases in the hagiographic discourse. In order to counterbalance their influence, we have compared as much as possible the data from hagiographic texts with the information available thanks to other types of documents. The demonstration is organized in two steps. Using the methods of hagiology, the first part contextualizes hagiographic production and questions the conditions of its reception: we are led to realize that, if the Latin texts are primaraly intented to be read by clerics, multiple oral channels allowed hagiographers to address also the laity, especially the aristocracy. The second part examines the evolution of aristocratic domination through what can be perceived in the hagiography. It shows that some transformations took place as early as the beginning of the 10th century and that we can therefore speak of “a mutation of the year 900”: the ermergence of chivalry, the establishment of feudalism, the rise of the lords, the importance of castles and milites are phenomena which date from this time. Howewer, there are two significant adjustments around the year 1000: aristocratic identity refocuses on castles and the the noble kinship moves from a cognatic conception to another more agnatic
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Harter, Jean-Gabriel. "La féodalité en zone de marche : l’exemple de l’espace ardennais (XIe-XIIIe siècles)." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIML005.
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L’espace ardennais constitue un territoire féodal qui se forme au Xe siècle sur les terres du diocèse de Reims. La dévolution d’honneurs et de terres est issu de la volonté de plusieurs archevêques successifs désireux de maintenir l’autorité de leur Église sur leur diocèse tout en favorisant leurs familles respectives. Trois lignages bénéficièrent ainsi de la politique archiépiscopale : les comtes d’Omont, les comtes de Verdun qui formèrent la première phase de notre espace d’étude et enfin les comtes de Champagne qui, les derniers, dominèrent l’espace ardennais avant que ce dernier ne tombe dans les mains des rois de France, perdant par là même ses spécificités ce qui mena à sa disparition. Cet espace féodal constitue un exemple intéressant de territoire en position de marche entre France et Empire puis de marge entre les domaines de grands nobles tels que les comtes de Bar ou de Champagne. Cette situation construisit la féodalité ardennaise : unie par des liens familiaux, protéiforme, transfrontalière et capable de chercher loin de ses domaines les occasions d’alliances au point de briller jusqu’en Terre SainteThe area of the Ardennes represents a feudal territory which originates from the lands of the diocese of Reims in the 10th century. The devolution of honors and lands derives from the will of several consecutive archbishops eager to maintain the authority of their Church onto their diocese, while priviledging their own families. That’s how three lineages took advantage of the archiepiscopal policy including the Counts of Omont, the Counts of Verdun who were at the origins or the first stage of our study area and finally the Counts of Champagne who were the last ones to control the area of the Ardennes before the latter fell into the hands of the Kings of France. This not only made it lose its specificies but also led to its disappearance. This feudal area constitutes an interesting example of territory from a march position between France and the Holy Roman Empire to a margin position among the nobles estates such as the Counts of Bar or of Champagne. This situation built up the feudalism of the Ardennes which strengthened family ties, evolved continuously, went beyond the borders and had the ability to go beyond its estates in order to fin opportunities to make new alliances to the extent of shining as far as the Holy Land
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Lindström, Jonas. "Distribution and Differences : Stratification and the System of Reproduction in a Swedish Peasant Community 1620-1820." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9328.
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This dissertation examines the character, conditions and change of peasant stratification in early modern Sweden. Wherever and whenever one looks, one finds that resources were unevenly spread among peasant households. In the literature, there are different, and conflicting, views compatible with this finding. In order to explain its character, this study places peasant stratification into a broader system of resource reproduction. Resource holding, families, and individuals are studied over time. The study is based on an extended family reconstitution comprising the landholding peasants in the Mid-Swedish parish of Björskog between 1620 and 1820. Data has been compiled from cadastres, poll tax registers, parish registers, court records, and maps, and has then been related to the information on resource holding as given by tax lists and probate inventories. Six elements and three general principles are identified as fundamental to systems of resource reproduction among peasants. Starting from these, the book argues that the resource holding of a Swedish peasant household was relatively independent of family demography; that wealthy peasants were able to retain large surpluses even during the period of high rent pressure in the seventeenth century; that the reproduction of poorer peasant households was imperfect whereas the reproduction of wealthier households was extended; that wealthy peasants dominated the local community; that economic inequalities within the class of landed peasants did not increase during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; that land accumulation and cyclical mobility became important features of peasant society, but not until the decades around 1800: and that the peasant community was characterized by a large degree of geographical and downward social mobility.
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Mariutti, Eduardo Barros 1974. "A transição do feudalismo ao capitalismo : um balanço do debate." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285509.
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Orientador: Fernando Antonio NovaisDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Mestrado
Mestre em História Econômica
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Rochabrún, Silva Guillermo. "Señores feudales y piratas en el capitalismo post-industrial." La Colmena, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/91524.
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Noël, Françoise. "Gabriel Christie's seigneuries : settlement and seigneurial administration in the Upper Richelieu Valley, 1764-1854." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=76748.
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Gabriel Christie (1722-1799), a British military officer, acquired a vast estate in Quebec after the Seven Years war, including five timber-rich seigneuries in the Upper Richelieu Valley, our study area. These were inherited by two of his sons in succession: Napier Christie Burton (1758-1835) and William Plenderleath Christie (1780-1845). An examination of the available deeds of concession for our study area shows the legal framework of the tenure and the seigneurs' survey and land granting policies. Seigneurial rents increased between 1785 and 1820, but it was the accumulation of seigneurial arrears, followed by strict collection practices after 1835, which contributed most to social stratification and unrest. A seigneurial monopoly on mill construction and the use of water power was decentralized after 1815 so that manufactures were established by entrepreneurs with capital who acquired a share of the seigneur's rights through patronage. The seigneur's role in regional development--the rise of villages, settlement, and industrial growth--was significant particularly as a system of clientage which helped shape the social structure.
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Smetáček, Martin. "Bolívie: Kapitalismus, socialismus a feudalismus na vahách mezi Kubou a USA." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-74010.
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The work is dealing with the research of the socio-economic structures in the Bolivian society, which as a result of historical evolution embody distinct anomalies with an implication into the political sphere. The goal of the work is to offer a material on the basis of which it will be possible to detect and understand those inner tensions and to orientate ourselves in the present turbulent environment which the Bolivian society is currently undergoing. The fore theme is the approach of these processes in the light of the ongoing "indigenous revolution" conducted by the platform MAS led by Evo Morales. The author is using a synthetic method, when first he concentrates on the individual problematic fields and later summarizes, connects and synthetically implies concrete conclusions. The very results of the work can be used by those interested in the study of Bolivia for economical, sociological and political purposes or even by economic entities planning an entrance into the Bolivian environment. In the work the author has used his personal experience and pieces of knowledge gained during his three months staying in Bolivia as well as other information obtained from broad currently accessible scientific publications, documents ant further up-to-date resources.
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Ferreira, Lucas dos Santos. "Desenvolvimento econômico e questão nacional na Argentina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-14012015-174919/.
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A dissertação em tela objetiva desvendar os impactos do neoliberalismo e da posterior recuperação econômica nacionalista (2003-2014) na Argentina. Para tanto, por intermédio do paradigma interpretativo de formação sócio-espacial, busca descortinar processos necessários à compreensão da atualidade nacional, como as raízes do latifúndio feudal portenho, os impactos da chegada de imigrantes europeus e a construção de avançado projeto de desenvolvimento por parte do governo de Juan Domingo Perón (1946-1954). A via norte-americana de transição capitalista (pequena produção mercantil) será fundamental à consolidação de províncias empresarialmente dinâmicas (principalmente Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Santa Fé e Mendoza) em contraposição às províncias que mantiveram-se por mais tempo ligadas à estruturas econômicas do passado (Tucumán, Salta, Jujuy, etc.). O neoliberalismo, concepção de mundo dominante ao largo do regime militar (1976-1983) e da década de 1990 (Carlos Saul Menem), provocará a destruição de considerável parte da estrutura fabril argentina e deteriorará os bons indicadores sociais historicamente obtidos. A economia nacional terá seu tamanho reduzido principalmente a partir do plano de conversibilidade do ministro D. Cavallo (âncora cambial). Após metade da população argentina atingir condição de vulnerabilidade social em decorrência do neoliberalismo, os governos de Nestor Kirchner e Cristina Kirchner, apoiados no movimento sindical peronista e em setores da burguesia nacional, adotaram agressiva política de investimentos combinada com práticas macroeconômicas heterodoxas (brusca desvalorização cambial, redução dos juros, estatizações, parcerias público-privadas, etc.) que provocaram altas taxas de crescimento econômico e restauraram a dignidade nacionalLa disertación tiene como objetivo desentrañar los impactos del neoliberalismo y la recuperación económica nacionalista (2003-2014) en Argentina. Para ello, a través del paradigma interpretativo de la formación socioespacial, se busca develar los procesos necesarios para la comprensión nacional actual, como las raíces del latifundio feudal de Buenos Aires, el impacto de la llegada de los inmigrantes europeos y la construcción del proyecto de desarrollo avanzado por el gobierno Juan Domingo Perón (1946-1954). La pequeña producción mercantil será fundamental para la consolidación de las provincias empresarialmente dinámicas (principalmente Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Santa Fé y Mendoza) a diferencia de las provincias que permanecían más tiempo vinculadas a las estructuras económicas del pasado (Tucumán, Salta, Jujuy, etc.). El neoliberalismo, la concepción dominante en el régimen militar (1976-1983) y la década de los 90 (Menem), provoca la destrucción de parte de la estructura industrial argentina y se deterioran los buenos indicadores sociales obtenidos históricamente. La economía nacional se ha reducido en tamaño principalmente por el plan de convertibilidad del Ministro D. Cavallo. Después que la mitad de la población argentina alcanza la condición de vulnerabilidad social como consecuencia del neoliberalismo, los gobiernos de Néstor Kirchner y Cristina Kirchner, apoyados en el movimiento obrero peronista y sectores de la burguesía nacional, adoptaron la política de inversión agresiva combinada con prácticas macroeconómicas heterodoxas (depreciación repentina de cambio, reducciones de tasas de interés, nacionalizaciones, asociaciones público-privadas, etc.) que causaron altas tasas de crecimiento económico y restaurado la dignidad nacional
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Klein, Eloisa Barreto. "Formação sócio-espacial e a transição do feudalismo ao capitalismo no ensino de história e geografia de nível fundamental." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/92277.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Florianópolis, 2009.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T07:24:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 273177.pdf: 595726 bytes, checksum: faf343e3c5babd3c067ee0052de02e75 (MD5)
A pesquisa teve por finalidade verificar, nos livros didáticos de História e Geografia do Ensino Fundamental, bem como em entrevistas com professores, as diferentes explicações utilizadas em sala de aula sobre a importante temática da transição do modo de produção feudal para o modo de produção capitalista, ocorrida no continente europeu entre os séculos XI e XVIII. A recorrência do ensino desta temática nas citadas disciplinas, de forma direta ou tangencialmente, foi entendida como um indicador da valorização de um tema de extrema importância para a compreensão do mundo em que vive o aluno nos mais diferentes quadrantes, mundo este hoje hegemonizado pelo modo de produção capitalista. Os critérios de escolha dos livros didáticos analisados estão contidos no PNLD de 2008, no qual os avaliadores do MEC atribuem conceitos para orientar os educadores na escolha dos mesmos. Constatou-se que os modelos explicativos mais presentes nos livros didáticos e nas abordagens dos professores são os modelos mercantil e demográfico, ambos submetidos a forte crítica nos debates que se seguiram nas décadas de 1950 e 1970 entre autores marxistas e não marxistas. A fundamentação teórica da pesquisa esteve apoiada na categoria de formação sócioespacial, pioneiramente teorizada por Milton Santos, e que aqui se tomou como um elemento teórico central para os estudos (históricos e geográficos) que buscam apoio na teoria marxista. Nesse sentido, teóricos marxistas como Maurice Dobb, Paul Sweezy, Ellen Wood, Robert Brenner, R. H. Hilton, entre outros que tomaram parte no amplo debate acima referido, figuraram como crucial para balizar a análise por nós proposta. Do mesmo modo, ao fazer uma breve incursão, nas páginas conclusivas, sobre a transição ao capitalismo no Brasil à luz do referido debate, a pesquisa apresentou alguns elementos da obra do geógrafo Armen Mamigonian, de estreita conexão com a matriz teórica utilizada.
The research aimed to verify, in the textbooks of history and geography of elementary school, as well as interviews with teachers, the various explanations used in the classroom on the important issue of transition from the feudal mode of production to the capitalist mode of production that occurred in continental Europe between the eleventh and eighteenth century.The recurrence of this issue of education in the aforementioned subjects, either directly or tangentially, was seen as an indicator of recovery is a subject of extreme importance for understanding the world in which the student lives in many different quarters, this world today hegemonised the way capitalist production. The criteria for selecting the textbooks examined are contained in PNLD 2008, in which the evaluators MEC attribute opinions to guide educators in choosing the textbooks. It was found that most current models present in textbooks and teachers' approaches are the trade and demographic model, both submitted to strong criticism in the debates that followed in the 1950s and 1970s between Marxist authors and non-Marxist. The theoretical research was supported in the category of socio-sapce training, pioneered theorized by Milton Santos, and here was taken as an element central to theoretical studies (historical and geographical) who seek support in Marxist theory. In this sense, Marxist theorists such as Maurice Dobb, Paul Sweezy, Ellen Wood, Robert Brenner, R. H. Hilton, among others who took part in the extensive discussion above, figured as crucial in gauging the analysis we have proposed. Similarly, when making a brief incursion, in the concluding pages, on the transition to capitalism in Brazil in the light of that debate, the research presented some elements of the work of geographer Armen Mamigonian in close connection with the theoretical matrix used.