Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Feuilles de plante – croissance et développement'
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Masson, Florence. "Hétérogénéité structurale et fonctionnelle de la membrane plasmique de feuilles de tabac (Nicotiana tabaccum c. V. Xanthi)." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20060.
Full textDervaux, Julien. "Morphogénèse et élasticité en géométrie mince." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544143.
Full textMathieu, Amélie. "Essai sur la modélisation des interactions entre la croissance et le développement d'une plante- Cas du modèle GreenLab." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00124839.
Full textLES TRAVAUX DE CETTE THESE VISENT A AMELIORER LA MODELISATION DE LA CROISSANCE EN INTEGRANT LES INTERACTIONS ENTRE LA CROISSANCE ET LE DEVELOPPEMENT. EN FONCTION DES CONDITIONS EXTERIEURES, LA PLANTE PRODUIT PLUS OU MOINS DE MATIERE, CE QUI A UNE INFLUENCE NON SEULEMENT SUR LE VOLUME DE SES ORGANES, MAIS AUSSI SUR LEUR NOMBRE (FEUILLES, FRUITS), SUR LA RAMIFICATION ET SUR LES CARACTERISTIQUES FONCTIONNELLES DE CERTAINS ORGANES. LA PRISE EN COMPTE DE CES PHENOMENES PERMET DE REPRESENTER LES DIFFERENTES PHASES DE CROISSANCE D'UN ARBRE OU LES CAPACITES D'ADAPTATION D'UNE PLANTE DANS SON ENVIRONNEMENT, CELA GRACE A L'EVOLUTION DYNAMIQUE DU RAPPORT DE L'OFFFRE SUR LA DEMANDE, VARIABLE DE CONTROLE DES DIFFERENTS EVENEMENTS DUS AUX INTERACTIONS ENTRE LA CROISSANCE ET LE DEVELOPPEMENT.
LA CROISSANCE DE LA PLANTE EST MODELISEE DE MANIERE DISCRETE. L'ECRITUTE DU SYSTEME DYNAMIQUE DISCRET CORRESPONDANT A L'AIDE D'UN FORMALISME ADAPTE PERMET DE MENER DES ETUDES DE COMPORTEMENT DU MODELE, ET DE TESTER LA SENSIBILITE AUX PARAMETRES.
CE MODELE CONCEPTUEL DE CROISSANCE DE PLANTES PEUT ETRE APPLIQUEE A DIFFERENTES PLANTES REELLES EN CHERCHANT DES JEUX DE PARAMETRES D'ENTREE DU MODELE PERMETTANT DE REPRODUIRE AU MIEUX LA CROISSANCE DE CES PLANTES.S
Rostand-Mathieu, Amélie. "Essai sur la modélisation des interactions entre la croissance et le développement d'une plante cas du modèle Greenlab." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECAP1018.
Full textBased on AMAP model, GreenLab is a plant growth model combining both architecture and functioning. Some improvements in the plant growth modeling are presented here, by integrating interactions between organogenesis and photosynthesis. According the environmental conditions, plant produces more or less biomass, which modifies not only organs volumes but also their numbers (size of the branching system, number of fruits). Taking these phenomena into account allow to represent different phasis of plant growth or plant plasticity in its environment thanks to one variable, the ratio of biomass divided by demand. The latter has been chosen as a factor controlling different events in the plant growth
Silvestre, Jérôme. "Étude des conséquences de l'asphyxie racinaire sur la croissance et le développement du colza d'hiver." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT033A.
Full textAubry, Emilia. "Rôle des transporteurs SWEET dans le développement du système vasculaire d'Arabidopsis thaliana, la croissance et l'adaptation de la plante à son environnement." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS583.
Full textArabidopsis thaliana’s floral stem is composed of axillary stems, cauline leaves, flowers and siliques and represents 60% of the plant biomass, thanks to the secondary cell wall in the xylem conductive cells. During the secondary cell wall formation, an important amount of sugars is needed. However, the mechanisms by which sugars are transported to their site of use are far from being understood. Previous work suggested that SWEET11 and SWEET12, members of the SWEET family (Sugar Will Eventually Be Exported Transporters) could achieve this task. Moreover, SWEET16 and SWEET17 that are tonoplastic transporters located in the xylem cells could also be good candidates. To further understand the role of the SWEET in the development, the growth and the physiology of the plant, I analyzed simple, double, triple and quadruple mutant lines of SWEET11, SWEET12, SWEET16 and/or SWEET17. First, their expression patterns were mapped spatially and temporally. Furthermore, using growth parameters kinetics and metabolomics approach, our results suggest that SWEET11 and SWEET12 play a key role in the C/N balance especially around the floral stem emergence and by enhancing the nitrogen remobilization to the seeds. Moreover, analysis of their expression pattern, a segmentation-based approach and vibrational spectroscopy analysis of the mutant lines allow to suggest that SWEETs transporters play a key role in vessel and/or fiber development. Indeed, SWEET16 might act during cell division and cell enlargement whereas SWEET17 has been shown to act on the secondary cell wall formation and reinforcement. Finally, the behavior of the mutant lines was assessed under different abiotic stress conditions (drought, cold and freezing temperatures) by using metabolomic analysis or histological studies. Our results show that even if the mutant lines are more tolerant to freezing and cold stress, they are not more resistant to drought. Overall, this work suggests specific and complementary roles of these SWEETs during plant growth, development and physiology. It highlights also the importance of the sugar transport between vacuole and cytosol role during cell elongation and the importance of neighboring living cells during the cell wall reinforcement
Pallas, Benoît. "Modélisation dynamique des interactions plante-environnement : application à l'étude des interactions entre les relations sources-puits et les processus de développement chez la vigne." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00448756.
Full textRey, Hervé. "Utilisation de la modélisation 3D pour l'analyse et la simulation du développement et de la croissance végétative d'une plante de tournesol en conditions environnementales fluctuantes (température et rayonnement)." Montpellier, ENSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSA0023.
Full textIn order to analyze and to model effect of tempe rature and light on leaf area expansion of sunflower plants, numerical 3D plants are constructed using AMAPsim software. These plants are used to estimate evolution of radiative balance of the culture (MlR-MUSC-RADBAL) in several experimental conditions. Plant architecture edification and evolution of radiation absorption (which cannat be experimentally observed) are analyzed at organ, plant and stand levels. Absorbed radiation by plant is used to model variability of leaf expansion rates and development durations and to simulate leaf expansion in changing tempe rature and light conditions. This model demonstrates the importance of coordination phenomena between reduction in expansion rates and lengthening in expansion durations for low incident radiation
Abdul, Hafez Abdul Monim. "Mise en place des pectines dans les parois de lin et modifications de leur structure au cours des premiers stades de développement de la plante." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUES015.
Full textDelaire, Mickaël. "Variations de la capacité d'absorption minérale par les racines du jeune Acer pseudoplatanus, L. (Acéracées) consécutives à l'histoire nutritionnelle récente et ancienne de la plante : Application à la culture hors sol des végétaux ligneux." Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0015.
Full text“Is it necessary to fertilize continuously ornamentals woody plants leading in containers or can we achieve the same plant with fractional mineral supply?” This assumes that roots could develop a short term capacitive functioning. This hypothesis was tested in young Acer pseudoplatanus. After its botanical description, its development and root mineral uptake were studied. NO3 and K are the main elements absorbed. Their both uptakes are strongly coupled but differently following the seasons. In absence of aerial system, roots can absorb nitrate with strong variations following the old and recent nutritional story of plant. The hypothesis was finally tested with an agronomic approach. The results show that a weekly fertilizer supply does not induce any change in aerial development compared to a daily supply if the cumulated fertilizer quantities supplied each week are preserved. The integration at the whole plant scale of the short term roots capacitive functioning is discussed
Wang, Qiannan. "Investigation du mécanisme fonctionnel des gènes AtRING1 et AtZRF1 dans la régulation de la croissance et du développement chez les plantes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ129/document.
Full textIn plants as in animals, the Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins play key roles in diverse developmental processes by repressing the expression of genes. These proteins work in multi-protein complexes, among them the best characterized ones are Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2. Although PRC2 was extensively studied in Arabidopsis, it is only recently that components of PRC1 were identified in plants and their function mechanism remains largely elusive. My thesis work focused on the characterization of AtRING1A, one of the PRC1 core subunits, and of AtZRF1, a protein proposed as a reader of the histone H2A-monoubiquitin (H2Aub1) downstream to the PRC1 function. My results show that a total loss-of-function of AtRING1A, by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, leads to partial embryonic lethal and callus-formation of seedlings in Arabidopsis. Several mutations within the RAWUL domain at the C-terminus of AtRING1A are better tolerated and induce several defects in plant vegetative growth, flowering time, floral organ formation and seed production. My molecular data indicate a role of the RAWUL domain in H2Aub1 deposition in vivo and suppression of several key developmental genes. Our characterization of loss-of-function of AtZRF1 provides important detailed information about its function in the regulation of cell division and cell differentiation
Puga, Freitas Ruben, and Freitas Ruben Puga. "Effet du ver de terre Aporrectodea caliginosa sur la croissance des plantes, leur développement et leur résistance aux pathogènes : réponse physiologique et moléculaire de la plante à l'émission de molécules-signal." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804633.
Full textPuga, Freitas Ruben. "Effet du ver de terre Aporrectodea caliginosa sur la croissance des plantes, leur développement et leur résistance aux pathogènes : réponse physiologique et moléculaire de la plante à l'émission de molécules-signal." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1158/document.
Full textPlants develop and evolve in interaction with soil organisms. The impact of earthworms, likely positive, has been attributed to modifications of physical, chemical or biochemical soil properties, without rigorous demonstration. In this work, techniques developed in plant science (in vitro culture, use of mutant plants and trancriptomic analysis) were used to understand the mechanism involved in the effect of earthworms on plants. Our results bring new fundamental knowledge: (1) production of signal-molecules within earthworm dejections has a positive impact on the growth of Oryza sativa and Lolium perenne. (2) These molecules act on auxin signaling, as suggested by the positive impact of the earthworm on the growth of A. thaliana double mutant aux1-7;axr4-2. (3) The abundance of these signal-molecules in presence of the earthworms could be related to the stimulation of bacterial communities able to produce auxin. (4) Earthworms induce an accumulation of gene transcripts known to be under control of jasmonic acid and ethylene. These two hormones are most notably involved in the defense mechanism called induced systemic resistance (ISR), known to be induced by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Finally, (5) Take-all disease, due to a pathogenic fungus, induced in wheat (Triticum aestivum) a hypersensitive response and a modification on hormone signaling, which are known as manipulations of plant metabolism in a way that facilitates pathogen infection. The severity of take-all disease was alleviated in the presence of earthworms. Synthesis of these results showed that earthworms, like other soil organisms, modify the hormone balance in the plant. Hormone homeostasis appeared to be an important element to predict the issue of the multiple interactions that plants established with soil organisms
Bastien, Renaud. "Formes et mouvements gravitropiques des tiges végétales : modèle universel et phénotypage." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764999.
Full textBergez, Jacques-Eric. "Influence de protections individuelles à effet de serre sur la croissance de jeunes arbres : interprétations physiologiques et perspectives d'amélioration des protections." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20045.
Full textAgapit, Corinne. "Emission d’auxine et de nitrates par les bactéries des turricules de vers de terre : effet sur la croissance et le développement des plantes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1001/document.
Full textPlants take up resources in their environment. They are also exposed to many signals, including molecules that profoundly alter their behavior or morphology. The prediction of the flow of nutrients from the soil to the plant requires an integration of flux regulation by signals which determine the kinetics of plant adaptations. During this thesis, different experimental and analytical approaches (split-root, isotopic labeling, root analysis) allowed us to study the coupling between signals and flows in the interactions between plants, microorganisms and earthworms. We first demonstrated that earthworms have a systemic effect on the growth and development of plants (Hordeum Vulgare L. and Oryza sativa L.) and that this effect is dependent on the abundance of earthworms. A methodological study aiming at optimizing the split-root device (the sharing of roots of a single plant into two compartments) helped us to improve plant (Brachypodium distachyon L.) survival and their emission of roots. This experimental set up was used to determine the importance of the presence of casts and their spatial localization on the N uptake by the plant. The lack of effect observed during this experiment lead us to address the mechanisms that may occur in the presence of worms according to their temporal dynamics. We then demonstrated that an important proportion of casts was responsible for root system adaptation only when the plant was exposed to casts for a sufficient period of time. These results are the first demonstration that the kinetics of the different mechanisms occurring in casts is crucial to explain the positive effect of casts on plants growth
Tubeileh, Ashraf. "Photosynthèse, répartition des assimilats et rhizodéposition chez le maïs (Zea Mays L. ) soumis à la compaction du sol." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2000_TUBEILEH_A.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this work was to investigate the effects of soil compaction on carbon assimilation, photosynthate partitioning, and morphology of corn plants during vegetative growth period up to tassel initiation. We were particularly interested in carbon input into the soil and soil microbial biomass. Corn plants were grown in culture pots containing compacted soil (bulk density of 1. 45 g cm-3 ) or loose soil (bulk density of 1. 30 g cm-3). Experiments were conducted in a growth chamber and lasted for 21 to 42 days. Carbon partitioning in the plant-soil system was evaluated using 14C pulse-labeling techniques. The increase in soil bulk density decreased carbon assimilation rate and total carbon fixation. Furthermore, soil compaction delayed leaf appearance rate decreasing therefore plant height, shoot dry weight, and leaf area. In addition, root biomass and root elongation were also inferior when plants were grown in compacted soil and root length appeared to be the most sensible parameter to high soil mechanical resistance. Simultaneously, a great increase in carbon input into the soil occurred to the detriment of root carbon. Soil microbial biomass increased considerably in compacted soil thanks to this increase in carbon substrates and to physical protection provided for soil microflora as a result of the reduced porosity in compacted soil. Three hypotheses were formulated to explain these results: 1- a decrease in soil or root water potential or a sink limitation induces a down-regulation of photosynthetic activity, 2- the increase in root diameter decreases soil mechanical resistance, and 3- the increase in carbon rhizodeposition alleviates the effects of mechanical constraint. The effects of soil compaction persisted with plant age although the difference between the two treatments decreased in terms of percentage
Planchon, Aline. "Le pathosystème Lin (Linum usitatissimum) - Fusarium oxysporum : Impact du champignon et d'un agent de biocontrôle sur des réponses moléculaires de la plante et le développement de la fusariose." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR122.
Full textIn France, flax (Linum usitatissumum) is a principal fibers crop. Fusarium oxysporum f sp lini (Fol), a soil-borne fungus, is responsible for the major losses in crop yield. PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) are known for their abilities to promote plant growth and health. These bacteria are also good competitors in the rhizosphere and can induce a plant defense response. The use of compounds able to elicit plant defense mechanisms is also an alternative to limit the use of pesticides. In this project, it has been shown that F. oxysporum f. sp. lini induces only two days after inoculation cell wall remodeling in the root and the stem involving hemicelluloses and pectins on two flax varieties, Aramis and Mélina, . The use of the Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC 6633 as biocontrol agent significantly reduced fusarium wilt appearance. In addition to its antifungal effect against Fol, this bacteria is able to induce the expression of two Pathogenesis-Related genes coding for a β-(1,3)-glucanase (PR-2) and a chitinase-like (CTL-10), genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway (PHENYLALANINE AMONIA LYASES, PAL-3 and PAL-4) and also in cell wall remodeling (PECTIN METHYLESTERASE-3, PME-3) in the root. Biochemical analyses show that B. subtilis causes modifications resulting in cell wall reinforcement in the stem in both varieties. Finally, the association of B. subtilis with an elicitor (pregnenolone sulfate) had a synergistic effect on the expression of defense-related genes
Aubert, Serge. "Effets multiples du glycérol sur le métabolisme de la cellule végétale non chlorophyllienne." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10217.
Full textTan, Boun Suy. "La regénération du sapin (Abies alba mill. ) dans le Jura : Influence des facteurs physiques, édaphiques et biotiques sur les stades précoces du développement des semis." Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA2031.
Full textMoncousin, Charles. "Évolution de l'AIA, des composés phénoliques, de l'activité spécifique des péroxydases et de la production d'éthylène, au cours de la rhizogénèse, sur des microboutures de vigne (V. Riparia Michx. X V. Rupestris Scheele)." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10216.
Full textZhai, Lihong. "Variation intra-annuelle de la formation du bois, du développement de la pousse et des feuilles de trois espèces majeures dans la forêt boréale." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2365/1/M10995.pdf.
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