Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Feuilles (surface)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 22 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Feuilles (surface).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Genson, Annaïck. "Etude du comportement électrochimique de feuilles d'aluminium raffiné : influence des propriétés de surface du métal, conséquences pour le procédé de gravure électrochimique." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0110.
Full textLn order to better understand the physico-chemical and electrochemical phenomena on the surface of a capacitor anode during a key step of the production process of high tension electrochemical capacitor in aluminium, the electrochemical etching, different aluminium foils, of which the past is known, were studied by physico-chemical characterization and electrochemistry. This study allow a better knowledge of how the metal upper layer and his passive film properties, properties sensible to sorne factors such as residual impurities and surface treatment , control the electrochemical reactivity in this specific conditions
Chevalier, Laure. "Facteurs influençant la composition du régime alimentaire de l'escargot petit-gris Hélix aspersa Müller (gastéropode terrestre)." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10099.
Full textLavieille, Delphine. "Phototransformation d'herbicides tricétoniques et d'insecticides pyréthrinoïdes à la surface des végétaux." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731153.
Full textDaniere, Cécile. "Symbiose fixatrice d'azote aulne-frankia : essai de caractérisation des individus d'Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. (Betulaceae) par les aglycones flavoniques excrétés à la surface des feuilles : rôle de la plante-hôte dans le choix du partenaire microbien." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10108.
Full textBediaf, Houda. "Quantification et modélisation par traitement d'images de la répartition des produits pulvérisés à l'échelle de la feuille en fonction de son état de surface et la nature du produit." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS005/document.
Full textIn the context of agricultural spraying, reducing the amount of input became a crucial step particularly in viticulture. The development of spraying precision in this domain needs the mastery of the use of spray equipment, product and distribution of these products on the foliage. In this area, many research have been done, their main goal being to optimize the use of plant product protection and to reduce significantly the input quantity inside the culture. However, few research has been done on the behavior of the product directly on the foliage which constitutes finally the main goal of this thesis. The first part of this report deals particularly with the analysis of leaf surface state by focusing precisely on the leaf surface roughness, one of the main parameters in product adhesion process. A leaf surface analysis is performed by determining the textural features extracted from microscopic images. A new roughness indicator is proposed and, spatial and frequency parameters were used to estimate and characterize the leaf roughness. These parameters allow both the characterization of surface homogeneity and the detection of the presence of rib/hair on the leaf surface. Indeed, this part represents a fundamental basis for understanding the spray droplet behavior on the vine leaf. The second part of this thesis deals with experimental studies which aim to define and to create statistical models to estimate the amount of product remaining on the leaf surface or the surface occupied by droplets. These models consider different spray parameters, such as droplet size and velocity, surface tension of the product, slope angle and roughness of the leaf. These models could be seen as aid-decision tools to optimize the amount of spray and the estimated product remaining on the leaf
Kumar, Charchit. "Quantitative and qualitative investigation of adhesion and friction on textured surfaces : inspiration from insect-plant interactions." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE008.
Full textAdhesion and friction exist in many technical systems as well as in natural ones. Both phenomena have a profound influence on the durability and efficiency of technical systems. A well-recognised way to tune these characteristics - besides altering the physicochemical properties - is the texturing of the interacting surfaces. Inspiringly, plant leaf surfaces are often decorated with diverse surface morphologies, and so show remarkable functionalities. This thesis aimed to perform a systematic investigation of adhesion and friction mechanics on micro-structured surfaces replicated from plant leaves, in contact with a probe, which was inspired from an insect’s adhesive pad. Surface morphologies of three different plant leaves were directly transferred onto a viscoelastic polymer. For this, three different replication approaches were comprehensively explored. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of replication ability. For the contact mechanics investigation, a high-resolution nanoindenter was modified, with incorporating a unique feature to record the in-situ real-contact images. Pull-off tests were carried out to quantitatively evaluate the effect of pre-load on adhesion force characteristics and to understand distinct attachment-detachment modes. Friction investigations were performed to examine the effect of normal load and sliding speed on the friction force. Results were discussed with regard to each surface’s topography
Pacaud, Mathias. "Synthesis and physico-chemical evaluation of gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) as new substrates for bioanalytical SERS." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR3804.
Full textA huge attention is paid on anisotropic gold metal nanostructures (AuNFs) because of the unique properties they can provide in various fields, in particular the biomedical applications. We are trying to control their optical properties related to the collective oscillations of surface electrons called plasmons. They have a localized surface plasmon resonance band (LSPR) located in the red - near infrared (> 600 nm). Their ability to interact with red light - near IR (optical biological window) makes them interesting as optical and optoacoustic imaging agents. In the specific case of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), AuNFs are able to provide enhancement zones called "hot spots" in the junctions between their petals. Thus, they can be used as SERS substrates without the need to be aggregated, unlike for gold nanospheres. The protocol to synthesize AuNFs that we developed is fast, in one-step and uses only a small number of known reagents that are low or non-toxic. In addition, our protocol allows us to tune the characteristics of the AuNFs such as their size and the position of their LSPR band, between 600 and 900 nm. In order to guarantee their colloidal stability in various media, we have coated our AuNFs with biocompatible polymers (alginates, chitosan, Pluronics, PVP and PEG) or encapsulated them in a silica matrix. Colloidal substrates based on these AuNFs coated with biocompatible envelopes have thus shown their potential to provide the SERS effect without aggregation and allow the ultra-sensitive analysis of small chromophores (such as Nile Blue). In addition, our results show that these new substrates are able to deliver a cargo of molecules to the cancer cells. Thus, they seem promising as theranostic agents, applicable not only in SERS, but also in optical or optoacoustic imaging and therapy
Nolin, Loïc. "Outils d'aide à l'étude des protéines: modélisation surfacique et visualisation sémantique des feuillets béta." Reims, 2010. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/sciences/2010REIMS008.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work consists in the representation of common structural motifs of proteins: the β sheets. The classical visualization modes are not satisfying, considering that they don't represent the whole β sheets. We propose innovative models materializing those structures using surfaces. We use the open source software "BALLView" to create our own β sheet models. The first one uses the β sheets description stored in files from the Protein Data Bank, the worldwide data bank of proteic structures, to compute a bidimensionnal interpolated surface based on Catmull-Rom splines. The second one uses Bezier patches defined from β sheets produced by a secondary structure prediction algorithm. Those models are the first ones to fully represent β sheets. Previous methods only represent β strands. In order to visualize their orientation, we map these important data to our surfaces by using textures. It leads us to consider our surfaces as a new medium on which we can depict additional information using coloring methods (Hydrophobic Cluster Analysis, Molecular Hydrophobicity Potential. . . ). Our models are available for any PDB formatted file, in both static and dynamic ways, using molecular dynamics simulations. We can observe the evolution of β sheets, deformations, holes appearances, invaginations or splits. Those observations lead us to call our models SheHeRASADe for "Sheets Helper for RepresentAtion of SurfAce Descriptors". We apply those models to the different proteic folds of β sheets listed in the CATH classification, and on amyloid fibrils involved in many diseases
Jiang, Jingyi. "Retrieving leaf and canopy characteristics from their radiative properties using physically based models : from laboratory to satellite observations Estimation of leaf traits from reflectance measurements: comparison between methods based on vegetation indices and several versions of the PROSPECT model a model of leaf optical properties accounting for the differences between upper and lower faces Speeding up 3D radiative transfer simulations: a physically based approximation of canopy reflectance dependency on wavelength, leaf biochemical composition and soil reflectance Effective GAI for crops is best estimated from reflectance observations as compared to GAI and LAI Optimal learning for GAI and chlorophyll estimation from 1D and 3D radiative transfer model inversion: the case of wheat and maize crops observed by Sentinel2." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0708.
Full textMeasuring leaf and canopy characteristics from remote sensing acquisitions is an effective and non destructive way to monitor crops both for decision making within the smart agriculture practices or for phenotyping under field conditions to improve the selection efficiency. With the advancement of computer computing power and the increasing availability of high spatial resolution images, retrieval methods can now benefit from more accurate simulations of the Radiative Transfer (RT) models within the vegetation. The objective of this work is to propose and evaluate efficient ways to retrieve leaf and canopy characteristics from close and remote sensing observations by using RT models based on a realistic description of the leaf and canopy structures. At the leaf level, we first evaluated the ability of the different versions of the PROSPECT model to estimate biochemical variables like chlorophyll (Cab), water and dry matter content. We then proposed the FASPECT model to describe the optical properties differences between the upper and lower leaf faces by considering a four-layer system. After calibrating the specific absorption coefficients of the main absorbing material, we validated FASPECT against eight measured ground datasets. We showed that FASPECT simulates accurately the reflectance and transmittance spectra of the two faces and overperforms PROSPECT for the upper face measurements. Moreover, in the inverse mode, the dry matter content estimation is significantly improved with FASPECT as compared to PROSPECT. At the canopy level, we used the physically based and unbiased rendering engine, LuxCoreRender to compute the radiative transfer from a realistic 3D description of the crop structure. We checked its good performances by comparison with the state of the art 3D RT models using the RAMI online model checker. Then, we designed a speed-up method to simulate canopy reflectance from a limited number of soil and leaf optical properties. Based on crop specific databases simulated from LuxCoreRender for wheat and maize and crop generic databases simulated from a 1D RT model, we trained some machine learning inversion algorithms to retrieve canopy state variables like Green Area Index GAI, Cab and Canopy Chlorophyll Content (CCC). Results on both simulations and in situ data combined with SENTINEL2 images showed that crop specific algorithms outperform the generic one for the three variables, especially when the canopy structure breaks the 1D turbid medium assumption such as in maize where rows are dominant during a significant part of the growing season
Bilyk, Thomas. "Caractérisation des effets de surface, de désordre et d'empilement de feuillets dans le MXène Ti₃C₂Tₓ par microscopie électronique en transmission." Thesis, Poitiers, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021POIT2260.
Full textSurface chemistry, disorder and stacking effects play majors roles in the MXenes properties. Hence, characterizing those effects on the MXene electronic structure represents a fundamental concern for the study of these materials. Transmission electron microscopy allows to probe this electronic structure, from the micrometre to the nanometre scale, especially thanks to electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The study focuses on the Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene, T being surface groups.The first aim of the project was the study of the information that EELS may provide on the surface chemistry. By coupling this experimental spectroscopy technique with electronic structure simulations, it is shown that in the core losses, the carbon K edge provides the best marker, separating surface chemical modifications and volume disorder in the MXene sheets.Then the characterization of stacking sheets was approached, with the idea to provide, for the thinner samples, a quantitative thickness measurement, i.e. of the number of sheets. This second goal required the combination of the convergent beam electron diffraction, STEM-HAADF imaging and low-losses EELS spectroscopy experimental techniques, as well as density functional theory electronic structure simulations and diffraction pattern simulations using the Bethe theory of electron diffraction. In addition, the sensitivity of the volume plasmon to the average spacing between sheets was highlighted.These results were used to establish the role of an impurity on the electronic structure of the sheets and to characterize the MXene when used as an active phase support for the catalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction
Helary, Doriane. "Étude de couches dorées sur matières vitreuses : application aux tesselles à feuille d'or et aux céramiques glaçurées à décors de lustres dorés." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001345.
Full textMercier, Guillaume. "Purification et fonctionnalisation d'échantillons de nanotubes de carbone mono-feuillets : efficacité et sélectivité des traitements chimiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0065/document.
Full textThe discovery of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in 1993 by S. Iijima has been one of the milestones of scientific research in the domain of nanos. The study of their properties has revealed that they were superior to those of materials already known and has let to foresee a field of numerous potential applications. The actual methods of synthesis enable to produce SWCNTs in large quantities. However, the SWCNT samples can be heterogeneous regarding both their composition (carbonaceous and metal impurities) and the features of the as-produced SWCNTs. Post-synthesis treatments are therefore indispensable to improve the characteristics of the samples. In this work, firstly we have carried out a standard multi-step purification procedure. In agreement with literature, the optimization of experimental parameters notably those used for the oxidation treatment did not permit us to obtain neither good yields of purification nor efficient selectivity of reaction. An alternative purification method has thus been developed. It consists mainly in a thermal treatment under a dichlore stream. It has enabled to significantly decrease the proportion of metallic impurities in the samples while preserving the nanotubes. It has also shown that this new purification process was efficient with samples produced by different methods. The other main difficulty in using nanotubes is their processability. Chemical functionalization is then needed to modify nanotube surface properties. In that case, we have studied the grafting of probe functions
Alaphilippe, Aude. "Effets secondaires de l'utilisation d'un agent de lutte biologique : rôle des metabolites primaires de surfaces des feuilles dans l'interaction entre l'agent de lutte biologique et Cydia pomonella L." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGPT0039.
Full textBouget, Christophe. "Chablis et diversité des coléoptères en forêt feuillue de plaine : impact à court terme de la trouée, de sa surface et de son contexte paysager." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0006.
Full textThe short-term impact of the Lothar windstorm (1999) on biodiversity was studied in oak forests in Seine-et-Marne, France. 125,000 beetles (66 families, 93 carabid and 185 saproxylic species) were sampled in 24 windthrow gaps (from 0. 1 to 3. 3 ha in size), 14 closed-canopy control stands and 12 open stands. Two years after the storm, beetle assemblages were clearly different in controls and gaps. The abundance of aquatic, flower-visiting and zoophagous beetles increased in gaps but phytophagous beetles did not. Saproxylic species composition differed significantly in gaps and controls. Open-land carabid species had colonised the gaps, whereas the forest taxa had decreased. At the landscape scale, gap size and gap isolation from surrounding open lands influenced their colonisation by carabid and saproxylic beetles. Between fellings and gaps rich in dead-wood, beetle fauna differed. Large, uncleared gaps and small fellings (0,5 ha) may enhance biodiversity
Hariwongsanupab, Nuttapong. "Development of green natural rubber composites : Effect of nitrile rubber, fiber surface treatment and carbon black on properties of pineapple leaf fiber reinforced natural rubber composites." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MULH0399/document.
Full textThe effects of nitrile rubber (NBR), fiber surface treatment and carbon black on properties of pineapple leaf fiber-reinforced natural rubber composites (NR/PALF) were studied. The incorporation of NBR and surface treatment of fiber were used to improve the mechanical properties of composites at low deformation, whereas carbon black was used to improve these properties at high deformation. The fiber content was fixed at 10 phr. The composites were prepared using two-roll mill and were cured using compression moulding with keeping the fiber orientation. These composites were characterized using moving die rheometer (MDR), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and tensile testing. The morphology after cryogenic fracture was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of NBR from 0 to 20 phr of total rubber content was investigated. NBR is proposed to encase PALF leading to higher stress transfer between matrix and PALF. The method of mixing was also studied. For the fiber surface treatment, propylsilane, allylsilane and silane-69 were treated on the alkali-treated fiber. Treated fibers were characterized using Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and SEM. Silane-69 treatment of fiber increased the modulus at low deformation more than the incorporation of NBR of NR/PALF composites due to the chemical crosslinking between rubber and fiber from silane-69 treatment rather than the physical interaction of NR, NBR and fiber. However, reinforcement by fiber reduced the deformation at break. Hence, carbon black was also incorporated into NR/NBR/PALF and NR/surface-treated PALF composites to improve the ultimate properties. By incorporation of carbon black 30 phr in both composites, the mechanical properties of composites were improved and can be controlled at both low and high deformations
Ashraf, Munir. "Development of multi self-cleaning PET fabrics by growth of ZnO nanorods." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10072/document.
Full textZnO nanorods were grown on polyester fabric by hydrothermal method. The plasma treatment was carried out to generate the polar groups. These groups attached the ZnO seeds which provided the site for the growth of nanorods. XPS analysis was carried out to study the chemical composition of surface at each stage of growth. The morphology and crystal structure was characterized by SEM, XRD and TEM. The atomic absorption spectroscopy was carried out to determine the amount of Zn present on fabric in the form of nanorods. The growth of nanorods on microfibers of PET generated hierarchical roughness structure. The functionalized fabric showed superhydrophilicity: very high wettability and capillarity which increased with the increase in seed concentration. On modification with hydrophobic chemical (octadecyltrimethoxysilane ODS), the functionalized fabric showed physical self-cleaning (lotus effect) which was characterized by measuring water contact angle and water roll off angle. The chemical self-cleaning was studied by solution discoloration and stain degradation under the effect of UV light. It was found that solution discoloration followed first order kinetics whereas; stains were degraded by second order kinetics. The biological self-cleaning (antibacterial activity) was also observed on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphyloccocus aureus. This study highlights the relationship between nanostructuring process of the fibers and self-cleaning properties according to the three proposed mechanisms
Decourselle, Thomas. "Etude et modélisation du comportement des gouttelettes de produits phytosanitaires sur les feuilles de vignes par imagerie ultra-rapide et analyse de texture." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949360.
Full textOutal, Souhaïl. "Quantification par analyse d'images de la granulométrie des roches fragmentées : amélioration de l'extraction morphologique des surfaces, amélioration de la reconstruction stéréologique." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002394/en/.
Full textAdel, Mouloud. "Détection de défauts de placages d'okoumé par traitement d'images couleur et analyse de texture." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL010N.
Full textPrégaldiny, Fabien. "Etude et modélisation du comportement électrique des transistors MOS fortement submicroniques." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004312.
Full textPetit, Patrice-Xavier. "Mitochondries, membranes mitochondriales et interactions sub-cellulaires : aspects métaboliques, sites récepteurs, potentiel de membrane, propriétés de surface et homogénéité des populations." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066686.
Full textRichard, Béatrice. "Étude des perturbations structurales et chimiques des cires cuticulaires des aiguilles de Pinus halepensis MILL. Dépérissants en relation avec l'exposition aux embruns marins : implication d'un tensioactif, le dodecyl benzene sulfonate linéaire." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10230.
Full text