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Journal articles on the topic 'Few-layer graphene'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Kudryashov, V. V., and A. M. Ilyin. "Dft Study Of Few-Layer Graphene-Metal Composites." Physical Sciences and Technology 2, no. 2 (2015): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/2409-6121-2015-2-2-12-17.

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2

RAO, C. N. R., K. S. SUBRAHMANYAM, H. S. S. RAMAKRISHNA MATTE, and A. GOVINDARAJ. "GRAPHENE: SYNTHESIS, FUNCTIONALIZATION AND PROPERTIES." Modern Physics Letters B 25, no. 07 (March 20, 2011): 427–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984911025961.

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Graphenes with varying number of layers can be synthesized by different strategies. Thus, single-layer graphene is obtained by the reduction of single layer graphene oxide, CVD and other methods besides micromechanical cleavage. Few-layer graphenes are prepared by the conversion of nanodiamond, arc-discharge of graphite and other means. We briefly present the various methods of synthesis and the nature of graphenes obtained. We then discuss the various properties of graphenes. The remarkable property of graphene of quenching fluorescence of aromatic molecules is shown to be associated with photo-induced electron transfer, on the basis of fluorescence decay and time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopic measurements. The interaction of electron donor and acceptor molecules with few-layer graphene samples has been discussed. Decoration of metal nano-particles on graphene sheets and the resulting changes in electronic structure are examined. Few-layer graphenes exhibit ferromagnetic features along with antiferromagnetic properties, independent of the method of preparation. Graphene-like MoS 2 and WS 2 have been prepared by chemical methods, and the materials are characterized by electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and other methods. Boron nitride analogues of graphene have been obtained by a simple chemical procedure starting with boric acid and urea and have been characterized by various techniques.

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3

RAO, C. N. R., K. S. SUBRAHMANYAM, H. S. S. RAMAKRISHNA MATTE, URMIMALA MAITRA, KOTA MOSES, and A. GOVINDARAJ. "GRAPHENE: SYNTHESIS, FUNCTIONALIZATION AND PROPERTIES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 25, no. 30 (December 10, 2011): 4107–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979211059358.

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Graphenes with varying number of layers can be synthesized by different strategies. Thus, single-layer graphene is obtained by the reduction of single layer graphene oxide, CVD and other methods besides micromechanical cleavage. Few-layer graphenes are prepared by the conversion of nanodiamond, arcdischarge of graphite and other means. We briefly present the various methods of synthesis and the nature of graphenes obtained. We then discuss the various properties of graphenes. The remarkable property of graphene of quenching fluorescence of aromatic molecules is shown to be associated with photo-induced electron transfer, on the basis of fluorescence decay and time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopic measurements. The interaction of electron donor and acceptor molecules with few-layer graphene samples has been discussed. Decoration of metal nano-particles on graphene sheets and the resulting changes in electronic structure are examined. Few-layer graphenes exhibit ferromagnetic features along with antiferromagnetic properties, independent of the method of preparation. Graphene-like MoS 2 and WS 2 have been prepared by chemical methods, and the materials are characterized by electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and other methods. Boron nitride analogues of graphene have been obtained by a simple chemical procedure starting with boric acid and urea and have been characterized by various techniques.

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4

Suh, JY, SE Shin, and DH Bae. "Electrical properties of polytetrafluoroethylene/few-layer graphene composites fabricated by solid-state processing." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 18 (October 13, 2016): 2565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316674349.

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High electrical performances of polytetrafluoroethylene composites containing few-layer graphenes are established by solid-state processing. Polytetrafluoroethylene and FLG powders are mechanically mixed without solvents at room temperature, and hot-pressed. Few-layer graphenes are attached to the polytetrafluoroethylene powder, and gradually wrap the powder surface during milling with a low milling speed. The few-layer graphene-wrapped polytetrafluoroethylene powders readily facilitate the formation of a continuous few-layer graphene network due to the contact between adjacent few-layer graphene-wrapped powders. The final composites using few-layer graphene-wrapped polytetrafluoroethylene powders include a three-dimensional conducting network. Eventually, the wrapping morphology of the polytetrafluoroethylene/few-layer graphene powder results in a remarkable electrical conductivity of 7353 Sm−1 at 30 vol. %. few-layer graphene loading.

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5

Burzurí, Enrique, Ferry Prins, and Herre S. J. van der Zant. "Characterization of Nanometer-Spaced Few-Layer Graphene Electrodes." Graphene 01, no. 02 (2012): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/graphene.2012.12004.

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6

Meng, Yancheng, Baowen Li, Luxian Li, and Jianqiang Zhang. "Buckling Behavior of Few-Layer Graphene on Soft Substrate." Coatings 12, no. 12 (December 17, 2022): 1983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121983.

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The buckling behavior of graphene on soft films has been extensively studied. However, to avoid graphene fracture, most studies focus only on the primary buckling behavior induced by tiny compression. Here, the buckling behavior of monolayer, three-layer, and four-layer graphene on soft films is systematically studied in the experiment under large compression. The cross-sections of buckling patterns in these few-layer graphenes are provided, which depend on focused ion beam (FIB) technology. More significantly, the moduli of few-layer graphene are calculated based on the buckling behavior. We demonstrate that the modulus, 1.12621 TPa, is independent of the number of graphene layers if the number is less than four. Our investigations are crucial for the application of two-dimensional (2D) materials into flexible hybrid electronics, bionics, and various other stiff/soft bilayer systems.

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7

Tubon Usca, Gabriela, Cristian Vacacela Gomez, Marco Guevara, Talia Tene, Jorge Hernandez, Raul Molina, Adalgisa Tavolaro, Domenico Miriello, and Lorenzo S. Caputi. "Zeolite-Assisted Shear Exfoliation of Graphite into Few-Layer Graphene." Crystals 9, no. 8 (July 24, 2019): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9080377.

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A novel method is presented to prepare few-layer graphene (FLG) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) by using a simple, low-cost and energy-effective shear exfoliation assisted by zeolite and using a cappuccino mixer to produce shear. We propose that the exfoliation of natural graphite flakes can be achieved using inelastic collisions between graphite flakes and zeolite particles in a dynamic colloidal fluid. To confirm the exfoliation of FLG, spectroscopy and morphological studies are carried out using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, the obtained graphene shows a linear flow of current and low resistance. The proposed method shows great promise for the industrial-scale synthesis of high-quality graphene with potential applications in future graphene-based devices, and furthermore, this method can be extended to exfoliate inorganic layered materials such as BN and MoS2.

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8

Vacacela Gomez, Cristian, Talia Tene, Marco Guevara, Gabriela Tubon Usca, Dennys Colcha, Hannibal Brito, Raul Molina, Stefano Bellucci, and Adalgisa Tavolaro. "Preparation of Few-Layer Graphene Dispersions from Hydrothermally Expanded Graphite." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (June 21, 2019): 2539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122539.

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In this study, we propose a novel approach to prepare few-layer graphene (FLG) dispersions, which is realized by exfoliating natural graphite flakes in a surfactant aqueous solution under hydrothermal treatment and liquid-phase exfoliation. In order to obtain stable and well-dispersed FLG dispersions, pristine graphite is hydrothermally expanded in a hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) aqueous solution at 180 °C for 15 h, followed by sonication up to 3 h. In comparison to long-time sonication methods, the present method is significantly efficient, and most importantly, does not involve the use of an oxidizing agent and hazardous media, which will make it more competent in the scalable production of graphene.

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9

Shah, Syed Sajid Ali, and Habib Nasir. "Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Few-Layer Graphene and Effect of Sonication Time on Concentration of Produced Few Layer Graphene." Nano Hybrids and Composites 14 (March 2017): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.14.17.

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Although graphene has been produced by various methods at lab scale, however, its cost effective mass production method is still a challenge. Graphene has been produced by liquid phase exfoliation, which is the most probable method for commercial production of graphene for various industrial applications.This paper reports high concentration production of few-layer graphene in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) as solvent through liquid phase exfoliation assisted with sonication. The temperature was kept below 30oC. SEM, AFM, and XRD were used to characterize the produced graphene. SEM results confirm the production of few-layer graphene. EDX analysis shows that the graphene surface is free from oxides and impurities. AFM results also confirm the production of few-layer graphene. The UV-visible spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentration of the produced graphene, and the investigations demonstrate that the graphene production was increased by increasing the sonication time. There exist a linear relationship between the amount of produced graphene and sonication time for supplying energy during sonication.

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10

Ahmad, Nurin Jazlina, Ruziana Mohamed, Mohd Firdaus Malek, Nurul Izrini Ikhsan, and Mohamad Rusop Mahmood. "Ultrasonic-Assisted Exfoliation of Pristine Graphite into few Layers of Graphene Sheets Using NH<sub>3</sub> as Intercalation Agent." Materials Science Forum 1055 (March 4, 2022): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-hr4sf0.

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Few-layer graphene sheets were synthesis using LPE with ultrasonic-assisted. The pristine graphite is directly exfoliated in deionized water with small addition of NH3 solution. In this study, we will investigate the relationship between concentration of NH3 solution corresponds to the graphene yield. The concentration of the NH3 solution varies from 18% to 26%. NH3 solution plays an important role as a medium to peel of graphite in the exfoliation process to form few-layer graphene sheets. The structural properties of the few-layer graphene sheets were examined using XRD, Raman Analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) followed by UV-Vis Spectroscopy for its optical properties. The finest of few-layer graphene sheets was produced at 26% of NH3 concentration. This optimization results in a few layers of graphene sheets that may be used in the fields of nanoelectronics and optoelectronics.

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11

Güneş, Fethullah, Hyeon-Jin Shin, Chandan Biswas, Gang Hee Han, Eun Sung Kim, Seung Jin Chae, Jae-Young Choi, and Young Hee Lee. "Layer-by-Layer Doping of Few-Layer Graphene Film." ACS Nano 4, no. 8 (July 27, 2010): 4595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn1008808.

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12

Gao, Xin, Naoaki Yokota, Hayato Oda, Shigeru Tanaka, Kazuyuki Hokamoto, Pengwan Chen, and Meng Xu. "Preparation of Few-Layer Graphene by Pulsed Discharge in Graphite Micro-Flake Suspension." Crystals 9, no. 3 (March 13, 2019): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9030150.

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Few-layer graphene nanosheets were produced by pulsed discharge in graphite micro-flake suspension at room temperature. In this study, the discharging current and voltage data were recorded for the analysis of the pulsed discharge processes. The as-prepared samples were recovered and characterized by various techniques, such as TEM, SEM, Raman, XRD, XPS, FT-IR, etc. The presence of few-layer graphene (3–9 L) in micrometer scale was confirmed. In addition, it is investigated that the size of recovered graphene nanosheets are influenced by the initial size of utilized graphite micro-flake powder. Based on the process of pulsed discharge and our experimental results, the formation mechanism of few-layer graphene was discussed. The influence of charging voltage on as-prepared samples is also investigated.

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13

Thanh, Tung Tran, Housseinou Ba, Lai Truong-Phuoc, Jean-Mario Nhut, Ovidiu Ersen, Dominique Begin, Izabela Janowska, Dinh Lam Nguyen, Pascal Granger, and Cuong Pham-Huu. "A few-layer graphene–graphene oxide composite containing nanodiamonds as metal-free catalysts." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 29 (2014): 11349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta01307g.

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14

KUMAR, AMIT, J. M. POUMIROL, W. ESCOFFIER, M. GOIRAN, B. RAQUET, and J. M. BROTO. "ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE, FEW-LAYER GRAPHENE, AND BULK GRAPHITE UNDER VERY HIGH MAGNETIC FIELD." International Journal of Nanoscience 10, no. 01n02 (February 2011): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x11007703.

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In the present work, we report on the magneto-transport properties of graphitic based materials (graphene, few-layer graphene, and bulk graphite) in very high magnetic field. Quantum Hall Effect (QHE) has been studied in graphitic systems in very high pulsed magnetic field (up to B = 57 T ) and at low temperature (≤ 4 K). Graphene sample shows well-defined Hall resistance plateaus at filling factors v = 2,6,10, etc. Few-layer graphene systems display clear signatures of standard and unconventional QHE. Magneto-transport studies on bulk highly oriented pyrolytic graphite show a charge density wave transition at strong enough magnetic field as well as Hall coefficient sign reversal.

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15

Datta, Sujit S., Douglas R. Strachan, Samuel M. Khamis, and A. T. Charlie Johnson. "Crystallographic Etching of Few-Layer Graphene." Nano Letters 8, no. 7 (July 2008): 1912–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl080583r.

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16

Goto, Hidenori, Eri Uesugi, Ritsuko Eguchi, and Yoshihiro Kubozono. "Parity Effects in Few-Layer Graphene." Nano Letters 13, no. 11 (October 14, 2013): 5153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl402404z.

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17

Isić, Goran. "Spectroscopic ellipsometry of few-layer graphene." Journal of Nanophotonics 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 051809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3598162.

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18

Sadowski, M. L., G. Martinez, M. Potemski, C. Berger, and W. A. de Heer. "Magnetospectroscopy of epitaxial few-layer graphene." Solid State Communications 143, no. 1-2 (July 2007): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2007.03.050.

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19

Melinte, Georgian, Simona Moldovan, Charles Hirlimann, Walid Baaziz, Sylvie Bégin-Colin, Cuong Pham-Huu, and Ovidiu Ersen. "Catalytic Nanopatterning of Few-Layer Graphene." ACS Catalysis 7, no. 9 (August 10, 2017): 5941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.7b01777.

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20

Ritter, Viktoria, Jakob Genser, Daniele Nazzari, Ole Bethge, Emmerich Bertagnolli, and Alois Lugstein. "Silicene Passivation by Few-Layer Graphene." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 11, no. 13 (March 13, 2019): 12745–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b20751.

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21

Zhou, Liangzhi, Laura Fox, Magdalena Włodek, Luisa Islas, Anna Slastanova, Eric Robles, Oier Bikondoa, et al. "Surface structure of few layer graphene." Carbon 136 (September 2018): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.04.089.

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22

Cunha, Eunice, Maria Fernanda Proença, Maria Goreti Pereira, Maria José Fernandes, Robert J. Young, Karol Strutyński, Manuel Melle-Franco, Mariam Gonzalez-Debs, Paulo E. Lopes, and Maria da Conceição Paiva. "Water Dispersible Few-Layer Graphene Stabilized by a Novel Pyrene Derivative at Micromolar Concentration." Nanomaterials 8, no. 9 (August 30, 2018): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8090675.

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The search for graphene or few-layer graphene production methods that are simple, allow mass production, and yield good quality material continues to provoke intense investigation. The present work contributes to this investigation through the study of the aqueous exfoliation of four types of graphene sources, which are namely graphite and graphite nanoflakes with different morphologies and geographical origins. The exfoliation was achieved in an aqueous solution of a soluble pyrene derivative that was synthesized to achieve maximum interaction with the graphene surface at low concentration (5 × 10−5 M). The yield of bilayer and few-layer graphene obtained was quantified by Raman spectroscopic analysis, and the adsorption of the pyrene derivative on the graphene surface was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. The whole procedure was rationalized with the help of molecular modeling.

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23

Mousavi, Hamze, and Jabbar Khodadadi. "Flake Electrical Conductivity of Few-Layer Graphene." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/581478.

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The Kubo formula for the electrical conductivity of per stratum of few-layer graphene, up to five, is analytically calculated in both simple and Bernal structures within the tight-binding Hamiltonian model and Green's function technique, compared with the single-layer one. The results show that, by increasing the layers of the graphene as well as the interlayer hopping of the nonhybridizedpzorbitals, this conductivity decreases. Although the change in its magnitude varies less as the layer number increases to beyond two,distinguishably, at low temperatures, it exhibits a small deviation from linear behavior. Moreover, the simple bilayer graphene represents more conductivity with respect to the Bernal case.

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24

Wang, Xuan Lun, and Wei Jiu Huang. "Fabrication and Characterization of Graphene/Polyimide Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (September 2013): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.138.

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Graphene/polyimide nanocomposites with different weight loadings were prepared by a solution compounding technique. Graphene was synthesized from graphite oxide that was fabricated by the Hummers method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) spectra and simultaneous thermal analysis were used for the microstructure analysis of the graphenes. Graphenes with single layer structure were synthesized successfully and had good solubility in water or other polar solvents due to a few functional groups on the graphene carbons. Graphenes have good thermal stability. Mechanical and tribological properties were studied for the graphene/polyimide composites. The composites have excellent strength and toughness with very small graphene loading level and the addition of graphene decreased the friction coefficient and wear rate of the composites.

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25

Gao, Xin, Tomomasa Hiraoka, Shunsuke Ohmagari, Shigeru Tanaka, Zemin Sheng, Kaiyuan Liu, Meng Xu, Pengwan Chen, and Kazuyuki Hokamoto. "High-Efficiency Production of Large-Size Few-Layer Graphene Platelets via Pulsed Discharge of Graphite Strips." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (December 16, 2019): 1785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121785.

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The synthesis of large-size graphene materials is still a central focus of research into additional potential applications in various areas. In this study, large-size graphene platelets were successfully produced by pulsed discharge of loose graphite strips with a dimension of 2 mm × 0.5 mm × 80 mm in distilled water. The graphite strips were made by pressing and cutting well-oriented expanded graphite paper. The recovered samples were characterized by various techniques, including TEM, SEM, optical microscopy (OM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Highly crystalline graphene platelets with a lateral dimension of 100–200 μm were identified. The high yield of recovered graphene platelets is in a range of 90–95%. The results also indicate that increasing charging voltage improves the yield of graphene platelets and decreases the number of graphitic layers in produced graphene platelets. The formation mechanism of graphene platelets was discussed. This study provides a one-step cost-effective route to prepare highly crystalline graphene platelets with a sub-millimeter lateral size.

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26

Xiangming Dong, Xiangming Dong, Shibing Liu Shibing Liu, Haiying Song Haiying Song, Peng Gu Peng Gu, and Xiaoli Li Xiaoli Li. "Few-layer graphene film fabricated by femtosecond pulse laser deposition without catalytic layers." Chinese Optics Letters 13, no. 2 (2015): 021601–21604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201513.021601.

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27

Wang, Tingting, Liangguang Jia, Quanzhen Zhang, Ziqiang Xu, Zeping Huang, Peiwen Yuan, Baofei Hou, et al. "Fabrication and Characterization of Pre-Defined Few-Layer Graphene." Physchem 3, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physchem3010002.

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Graphene is one of the most well-known two-dimensional (2D) materials that has attracted significant interest due to its unique electrical and optical properties. Being a van der Waals substrate, the fabrication of few-layered graphene by stacking a pre-defined number of graphene monolayers is essential in the field. The thickness can influence the interface interaction and therefore tune the surface electronic properties. In the study, we demonstrate a bottom-up synthesis of pre-defined few-layer graphene on SiC substrate using the thermal decomposition method and carefully characterize its thickness by the non-damageable synchrotron-radiation-based X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (SR-XPS). By varying the photon energy, we acquire different probe depths, resulting in the different intensity ratios of graphene to SiC substrate, which is then used to estimate the thickness of the few-layer graphene. Our calculation demonstrates that the thermal decomposition method in the study can repeatedly fabricate graphene samples with expected thickness. We further compare the obtained few-layer graphene to the single-layer graphene and HOPG using the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) technique. Our work provides accurate methods for fabricating and characterizing pre-defined few-layer graphene, providing essential knowledge in future graphene-based thin film electronics.

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28

Feng, Ying, Shi-hua Huang, Kai Kang, and Xiao-xia Duan. "Preparation and characterization of graphene and few-layer graphene." Carbon 49, no. 8 (July 2011): 2879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.02.035.

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29

Lui, Chun Hung, Zhipeng Ye, Courtney Keiser, Xun Xiao, and Rui He. "Temperature-Activated Layer-Breathing Vibrations in Few-Layer Graphene." Nano Letters 14, no. 8 (July 17, 2014): 4615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl501678j.

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30

Röhrl, Jonas, Martin Hundhausen, Konstantin V. Emtsev, Thomas Seyller, and Lothar Ley. "Graphene Layers on Silicon Carbide Studied by Raman Spectroscopy." Materials Science Forum 600-603 (September 2008): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.600-603.567.

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We present a micro-Raman spectroscopy study on single- and few layer graphene (FLG) grown on the silicon terminated surface of 6H-silicon carbide (SiC). On the basis of the 2D-line (light scattering from two phonons close to the K-point in the Brillouin zone) we distinguish graphene mono- from bilayers or few layer graphene. Monolayers have a 2D-line consisting of only one component, whereas more than one component is observed for thicker graphene layers. Compared to the graphite the monolayer graphene lines are shifted to higher frequencies. We tentatively ascribe the corresponding phonon hardening to strain in the first graphene layer.

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31

Yu, Hui Jiang, Zheng Guang Zou, Fei Long, Chun Yan Xie, and Hao Ma. "Preparation of Graphene with Ultrasound-Assisted in the Process of Oxidation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1784–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1784.

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To get single-layer of graphene, exfoliating fully intercalated graphite oxide into single- layer graphene oxide is one of the important factors. In this paper, graphite oxide prepared by the Improved Hummers Method, and ultrasound was added to the Low-temperature Reaction of this oxidation process to improve the efficiency of intercalation. Then the obtained graphene oxide was dispersed with surfactant and reduced with Hydrazine Hydrate. XRD patterns indicated that the layer distance of graphite oxide did increased at the aid of the ultrasound, and the obtained reduced products were single- and few-layer. FT-IR analysis further confirmed the preparation of graphite oxide and graphene.

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32

Shang, Jingqi, Feng Xue, and Enyong Ding. "The facile fabrication of few-layer graphene and graphite nanosheets by high pressure homogenization." Chemical Communications 51, no. 87 (2015): 15811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc06151b.

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33

Srinivasanaik, Azmeera, Amlan Das, and Archana Mallik. "Anionic Electrochemical Exfoliation of Few-Layer Graphene Nano-Sheets: An Emphasis on Characterization." Materials Science Forum 978 (February 2020): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.978.399.

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Graphene, the most unique member of carbon family has fuelled a huge interest across the globe with its superior mechanical, chemical, optical and electronic properties. It has opened enormous avenues for humankind in terms of different applications. Since its discovery in 2004, people have tried various techniques to extract graphene, such as mechanical exfoliation, chemical exfoliation, epitaxial growth, CVD (chemical vapour deposition) etc. However, the above methods are not optimal for mass production, neither are they simple and cost effective. The present work highlights synthesis of graphene through electrochemical approach and its subsequent characterization. Pyrolytic graphite is subjected to intercalation of two different concentrations of HNO3 electrolyte. XRD, FESEM and TEM were utilised to understand the structure and morphology of the obtained few-layer graphene nanosheets (FLGNs). Scanning probe spectroscopy is a useful technique for understanding the morphological structure of a sample at atomic level. Authors have utilised AFM which shows the thickness of the FLGNs to be in the range of 5-6 nm. STM studies of graphene nanosheets revealed atomic scaled periodicity and atomic flatness.

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34

Poot, M., and H. S. J. van der Zant. "Nanomechanical properties of few-layer graphene membranes." Applied Physics Letters 92, no. 6 (February 11, 2008): 063111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2857472.

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35

Wang, Min-Hua, Yue-E. Xie, and Yuan-Ping Chen. "Thermal transport in twisted few-layer graphene." Chinese Physics B 26, no. 11 (October 2017): 116503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/26/11/116503.

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36

Bostwick, Aaron, Taisuke Ohta, Jessica L. McChesney, Konstantin V. Emtsev, Thomas Seyller, Karsten Horn, and Eli Rotenberg. "Symmetry breaking in few layer graphene films." New Journal of Physics 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2007): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/9/10/385.

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37

Paton, Keith R., James Anderson, Andrew J. Pollard, and Toby Sainsbury. "Production of few-layer graphene by microfluidization." Materials Research Express 4, no. 2 (February 22, 2017): 025604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aa5b24.

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38

Al-Shiblavi, K. A., V. F. Pershin, and T. V. Pasko. "MODIFICATION OF CEMENT BY FEW-LAYER GRAPHENE." Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 4 (2018): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2073-5073-2018-4-6-11.

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Robertson, Alex W., Alicja Bachmatiuk, Yimin A. Wu, Franziska Schäffel, Bernd Büchner, Mark H. Rümmeli, and Jamie H. Warner. "Structural Distortions in Few-Layer Graphene Creases." ACS Nano 5, no. 12 (November 28, 2011): 9984–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn203763r.

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Xue, Mianqi, Genfu Chen, Huaixin Yang, Yuanhua Zhu, Duming Wang, Junbao He, and Tingbing Cao. "Superconductivity in Potassium-Doped Few-Layer Graphene." Journal of the American Chemical Society 134, no. 15 (April 6, 2012): 6536–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja3003217.

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Wen, Lina, Zhonghai Song, Jia Ma, Wei Meng, and Xue Qin. "Low-temperature synthesis of few-layer graphene." Materials Letters 160 (December 2015): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.07.145.

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Escoffier, W., J. Poumirol, R. Yang, M. Goiran, B. Raquet, and J. Broto. "Electric field doping of few-layer graphene." Physica B: Condensed Matter 405, no. 4 (February 2010): 1163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2009.11.028.

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Zhang, Hongxin, and Peter X. Feng. "Fabrication and characterization of few-layer graphene." Carbon 48, no. 2 (February 2010): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2009.09.037.

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Carmier, Pierre, Oleksii Shevtsov, Christoph Groth, and Xavier Waintal. "Competing topological phases in few-layer graphene." Journal of Computational Electronics 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2013): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10825-013-0454-y.

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Albrektsen, O., R. L. Eriksen, S. M. Novikov, D. Schall, M. Karl, S. I. Bozhevolnyi, and A. C. Simonsen. "High resolution imaging of few-layer graphene." Journal of Applied Physics 111, no. 6 (March 15, 2012): 064305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3694660.

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Lui, Chun Hung, Zhiqiang Li, Zheyuan Chen, Paul V. Klimov, Louis E. Brus, and Tony F. Heinz. "Imaging Stacking Order in Few-Layer Graphene." Nano Letters 11, no. 1 (January 12, 2011): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl1032827.

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Leenaerts, O., B. Partoens, F. M. Peeters, A. Volodin, and C. Van Haesendonck. "The work function of few-layer graphene." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 29, no. 3 (November 15, 2016): 035003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/29/3/035003.

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Thiyagarajan, Kaliannan, Antony Ananth, Balasubramaniam Saravanakumar, Young Sun Mok, and Sang-Jae Kim. "Plasma-induced photoresponse in few-layer graphene." Carbon 73 (July 2014): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.02.027.

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Carvalho, Alexandre F., António J. S. Fernandes, Mohamed Ben Hassine, Paulo Ferreira, Elvira Fortunato, and Florinda M. Costa. "Millimeter-sized few-layer suspended graphene membranes." Applied Materials Today 21 (December 2020): 100879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2020.100879.

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Lu, Lu, C. Q. Ru, and Xingming Guo. "Vibration isolation of few-layer graphene sheets." International Journal of Solids and Structures 185-186 (March 2020): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2019.08.029.

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