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1
Read, Timothy R. C. Goodness-of-fit statistics for discrete multivariate data. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988.
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Cheri, Ostroff, Judge Tim, and Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (U.S.), eds. Perspectives on organizational fit. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2007.
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Bennett, Christopher. Retributivism and Totality Can Bulk Discounts for Multiple Offending Fit the Crime? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190607609.003.0004.
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This chapter examines how multiple offenders seem to pose a problem for broadly retributive principles of sentencing, focusing on the proper place and exercise of discretion to show why such problems are only apparent. It begins with a discussion of the issue of multiple offending and the discretion it seems to give sentencers as well as the bulk-discount principle that appears to guide decisions. It then considers two ways in which bulk discounts may appear to conflict with retributive sentencing theory, the fittingness problem and the selection problem. It also analyzes the key guiding thought within retributive approaches to criminal justice and distinguishes between two types of retributivism, moralistic and legalistic. The chapter concludes with the argument that retributivism is compatible with common approaches to multiple-offense sentencing.
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Analyses of Weight, Body-Fat, and Physical Fitness Testing Standards, for Active Duty Male Marines, with Proposed Alternatives. Storming Media, 1998.
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(Editor), Cheri Ostroff, and Timothy A. Judge (Editor), eds. Perspectives on Organizational Fit (Siop Organizational Frontiers). Lawrence Erlbaum, 2007.
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7
Provder, Theodore. Chromatography of Polymers: Characterization by SEC and FFF (Acs Symposium Series). An American Chemical Society Publication, 1998.
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Meyer, Michel. The negotiation of distance or the embodiment of the interpersonal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199691821.003.0011.
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Chapter 11 analyzes how all the preceding elements of the new definition of rhetoric as the negotiation of distance fit together. What is meant by negotiation? People can, and do, maintain, increase, or diminish the distance between themselves on a daily basis. After the preceding accounts of logos, ethos, and pathos, this final chapter is devoted to the analysis of distance. It analyzes how rhetoric affects the variations in distance between individuals, and how the variations of distance in turn affect the rhetorical impact sought by the interlocutors. This is where the distinction between the projective view that one has of others plays just as much of a role as the effective situation of others. The discrepancy between the projective and the effective can make distance itself an object of rhetorical debate.
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Sharif, Shamshuritawati. Quantitative methods & their application in multidisciplinary area. UUM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670876504.
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This book is a guide for researchers who are involved in statistical and decision science analyses.Both analyses are explained in detail with samples of real applications in daily life to assist readers to appreciate theoretical and mathematical formulations. It covers a wide variety of applications, including economic issues, i.e., stock markets, quality control in the garment industry, customer satisfaction in the banking industry, experimental design in electronic firms, performance of university web portals, daily fat intake, the optimization of shrimp catching activities, meal planning for nurseries and as well as fairness model in economic games.Understanding these analyses can assist researchers to prepare research reports and manuscripts more efficiently.
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Norah, Gallagher, and Shan Wenhua. 3 Fair And Equitable Treatment. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law:iic/9780199230259.003.003.
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Like other bilateral investment treaties (BITs), Chinese BITs establish a set of general standards of treatment accorded to foreign investors by the host state. The most commonly found general standards of treatment include fair and equitable treatment (FET), (full) protection and security (PNS), most favoured nation treatment (MFN), and national treatment (NT). The first two belong to the group of non-contingent standards (or so-called “absolute standard of treatment”), whilst the latter two are forms of contingent standards (or “relative standards of treatment”). Absolute standards do not depend on treatment granted to other investors. In contrast, the relative standards are contingent on treatment given to other categories of investors, nationals of the host state in the case of NT and investors from third states for the MFN. This chapter begins with an examination of the FET standard, focusing on the different approaches of interpretations that have been developed in theory and in arbitration practice. It then analyzes the standard under Chinese BITs and assesses the implications of its standard format and any variations.
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Allik, Jüri, and Anu Realo. Universal and Specific in the Five Factor Model of Personality. Edited by Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.23.
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Personality psychologists—perhaps even more than in some other disciplines—are deeply interested in what is common to personality descriptions in all cultures and societies. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the potential universality of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of general personality structure. The chapter begins with a discussion of what is meant, or should be meant, by a universal. Discussed then is the empirical support, as well as the conceptual and empirical difficulty, in establishing universality in personality structure, for the FFM as well as other dimensional models. The chapter then considers different levels of analysis (including cultural and intraindividual analyses), higher-order invariants (including sex differences, age differences, and differences in perspective), and whether mean levels are universal. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the basis for personality universals, as well as addressing the common challenges to universality.
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Ammen, Sharon. Stardom. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040658.003.0003.
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Chapter two considers Irwin’s career during her years of greatest popularity. Her appearance in vitascope’s “The Kiss” from The Widow Jones enhanced her fame. The author analyzes Irwin’s string of successes in comic farce and her use of scenes of intoxication during a time of temperance crusades. Irwin’s style as a major female comic elicited positive middle class audience response as she used her performance skills to help make the audience identify with her even as she profited from the nineteenth century growth of the “cult of personality.” Like other fat comics, she used her size as a source of humor–but maintained an image of personal attractiveness.
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Parkhomenko, Yu M., and G. V. Donchenko. Vitamins in Human Health. PH “Akademperiodyka”, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/akademperiodyka.063.182.
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The book describes the history of the discovery of vitamins, presents modern ideas about the properties of vitamins and their importance for humans as essential nutritional factors. General information is provided about the modern classification of vitamins, physicochemical and biological properties of water- and fat-soluble vitamins and vitamin-like compounds, their role in metabolism and, in general, in human health. The causes of hypovitaminosis are analyzed, advice is given on their prevention and storage of vitamins in food. The book is intended for specialists in the field of biology, medicine, as well as for a wide range of readers, including teachers, students and other people interested in health issues.
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Grenby, M. O. The Anti-Jacobin Novel. Edited by Alan Downie. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566747.013.020.
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This essay investigates the conservative, loyalist fiction published in Britain during the French Revolution and its aftermath. A substantial number and a wide variety of these novels were published: long and short, propagandistic and philosophical, for adults and children and by obscure and well-known authors. The essay identifies and analyses the principal structures and themes of anti-Jacobin fiction, and closely examines a representative sample. It assesses their contribution to the ‘war of ideas’ and considers how they fit into larger histories of the novel.
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Gugerty, Mary Kay, and Dean Karlan. Invisible Children Uganda. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199366088.003.0011.
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Monitoring and evaluation systems rarely begin as right fits; instead, they evolve over time, often to meet the demands of internal learning, external accountability, and a given stage of program development. This case follows Invisible Children Uganda as it formalizes its monitoring and evaluation system in response to increased visibility, the demands of traditional donors, and an internal desire to understand impact. Readers will consider how Invisible Children’s first logical framework—a rough equivalent of a theory of change—lays the foundation for a right-fit monitoring and evaluation system. Readers will also analyze the broader challenges of commissioning high-quality impact evaluations and the importance of clearly defining them.
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Cheng, Russell. Embedded Distributions: Two Numerical Examples. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198505044.003.0007.
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This chapter illustrates use of (i) the score statistic and (ii) a goodness-of-fit statistic to test if an embedded model provides an adequate fit, in the latter case with critical values calculated by bootstrapping. Also illustrated is (iii) calculation of parameter confidence intervals and CDF confidence bands using both asymptotic theory and bootstrapping, and (iv) use of profile log-likelihood plots to display the form of the maximized log-likelihood and scatterplots for checking convergence to normality of estimated parameter distributions. Two different data sets are analysed. In the first, the generalized extreme value (GEVMin) distribution and its embedded model the simple extreme value (EVMin) are fitted to Kevlar-fibre breaking strength data. In the second sample, the four-parameter Burr XII distribution, its three-parameter embedded models, the GEVMin, Type II generalized logistic and Pareto and two-parameter embedded models, the EVMin and shifted exponential, are fitted to carbon-fibre strength data and compared.
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Bazrafkan, Azernoosh, and Alexia Herwig. Risk, Responsibility, and Fairness in International Investment Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198795896.003.0013.
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International investment agreements (IIAs) accommodate two framings of risk in need of mitigation: political risks and risks of physical externalities. The chapter discloses that there is no consistency in the finer-grained framing of these risks in arbitral awards, and analyses these framings from the perspective of the fair and equitable treatment (FET) standard. It is argued that the requirements of fairness and equity call for a just distribution of systemic risks, which IIAs create. It must be ensured that IIAs yield greater ex ante benefits than risks for each stakeholder. The implication is twofold: governmental regulation necessary to protect human rights can never give rise to a right to damages under FET for frustration of expectations and good faith imperfections in regulations by developing countries must be tolerable insofar as emerging development is the constitutive reason for why foreign investment is likely to yield higher ex ante benefits than risks to investors.
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Mross, Michaela. Prayer Beads in Japanese Sōtō Zen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190469290.003.0004.
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This chapter illuminates some of the functions and interpretations of the rosary in Japanese Sōtō Zen. It analyzes how its uses and meanings changed throughout history and were adapted to fit the agenda of the Sōtō school at certain times. Before examining rosaries in Zen Buddhism, it provides a general overview of Buddhist prayer beads in India, China, and Japan. It also examines Chinese Chan monastic codes before turning to Japanese Sōtō Zen and analyzing the history of the rosary starting with Dōgen (1200–1253) and extending to kirigami (esoteric transmission documents) from the early Tokugawa period (1603–1868). A final section on the functions of prayer beads since the Meiji era (1868–1912) concludes the study.
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Oosterveld, Valerie. Forced Marriage during Conflict and Mass Atrocity. Edited by Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, Naomi Cahn, Dina Francesca Haynes, and Nahla Valji. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199300983.013.19.
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This chapter describes how forced marriage has been treated by international human rights law. It shows how non-consensual marriage has been overlooked in refugee law, even when evaluating claims by refugees fleeing conflict. The chapter also analyzes forced marriage in international criminal law, focusing on the Special Court for Sierra Leone and the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. It demonstrates how international criminal law has introduced confusion over how to define and how to charge forced marriage. The chapter suggests that the lack of coherent analysis calls for more consideration of whether and how human rights, refugee, and criminal conceptions of forced marriage fit together, and advocates greater synergy and coherency.
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Furusten, Staffan. Handling Opposing Market Logics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815761.003.0015.
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The EU’s Public Procurement Act builds on the assumptions that the customer has no long-lasting relationship with sellers, that it has a clear idea of what it needs and prefers before the buying decision, and that it is easy to compare offers from various sellers. Such conditions apply to some markets but not to others. According to procurement theories, different types of markets require different procurement strategies. Based on a study of the procurement of management consulting and using procurement theories, we analyse how public procurement officials and their customers handle market situations that do not fit the laws for public procurement. Buyers and sellers of services avoid market rules in various ways: they are able to find compromises and decoupling strategies that lead to reasonably useful deals for both parties. On the other hand, the success of these strategies reduces the incentive to try to change the laws to fit this type of market.
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Bhatia, Varuni. A Religion in Decline in an Age of Progress. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190686246.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the thesis of “Vaishnava decline” forwarded by colonial administrators, Christian missionaries, Orientalists, and the reformed section of nineteenth-century Hindu society in Bengal. It analyses arguments about religious decline to show that these were part of evangelical and teleological worldviews wherein Vaishnava traditions, with its erotic aspects and mythico-poetic dimensions, could not fit. These views, however, shaped nineteenth-century opinions about Vaishnavism held by educated and upper-caste Bengalis, thereby setting the tone for Vaishnava reform and recovery—charted in the subsequent chapters of the book. The chapter also gives a brief account of the life of Chaitanya and the spread of Vaishnavism between 1486 and 1800.
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Labrador, Roderick N. “Anything but …”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038808.003.0004.
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This chapter explores the relationship between language, identity, and politics, and Filipino responses to broader racializing discourses. Where do language and identity fit in Filipino identity territorializations? How do Filipinos present themselves to each other and how do they present themselves to a society that sees them as somewhat familiar but primarily assigns them a cultural and linguistic otherness? Using the Katipunan Club at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, it analyzes events that employ a nationalist ideology of language and identity that equates one language, “Filipino/Tagalog,” with one nation-state, “the Philippines,” to create one people, “Filipino.” In short, language serves a critical role in shaping identity territorializations in terms of how the boundaries of the social group are defined and what political interests are deemed meaningful and important.
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Cho, Jeasik. Change, Challenges, and Mixed Methods. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199330010.003.0004.
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This chapter discusses three ongoing issues related to the evaluation of qualitative research. First, the chapter considers whether a set of evaluation criteria is either determinative or changeable. Due to the evolving nature of qualitative research, it is likely that the way in which qualitative research is evaluated can change—not all at once, but gradually. Second, qualitative research has been criticized by newly resurrected positivists whose definitions of scientific research and evaluation criteria are narrow. “Politics of evidence” and a recent big-tent evaluation strategy are examined. Last, this chapter analyzes how validity criteria of qualitative research are incorporated into the evaluation of mixed methods research. The elements of qualitative research seem to be fairly represented but are largely treated as trivial. A criterion, the fit of research questions to design, is identified as distinctive in the review guide of the Journal of Mixed Methods Research.
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Civantos, Christina E. Argentina and Hispano-America. Edited by Waïl S. Hassan. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199349791.013.33.
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This chapter examines the main trends and themes found across the novels of the Hispano-American mahjar (place of exile and immigrant life), with particular emphasis on Argentina. It considers the Arab Hispano-American novel in the context of the local, national, and regional cultural spaces that the authors or their families left behind, as well as the ones they now inhabit. It analyzes Arabic-language novels and proto-novels (most of which fit within so-called “exile literature”) and Spanish-language novels produced by Arab immigrants to Argentina during the first half of the twentieth century. It also discusses works published in the latter half of the twentieth century across Hispano-America. Hispanic mahjar novels that tackle the theme of spirituality as a means to make sense of migration; the issue of language used by writers to tell the story of the Arab immigrant experience; and Arab heritage as a source of narrative creativity.
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Galárraga, Omar, and Sandra G. Sosa-Rubí. Male Sex Workers. Edited by Scott Cunningham and Manisha Shah. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199915248.013.19.
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Although commercial sex transactions related to men who have sex with men have particular importance for HIV/AIDS prevention, the economic literature analyzing male sex workers is limited. A handful of studies have been published, first with descriptive analyses of specific markets and more recently taking advantage of Internet resources and larger surveys. The theoretical economic models have not yet been fully customized to fit all the nuance and specificity of this particular trade. This chapter gives a general overview of economic models relevant for the analysis of male-sex-worker transactions; it then presents a summary of relevant themes in the economics literature, with additional insights from other social sciences, and concludes with suggestions for future research, particularly combining psychosocial issues in the framework of behavioral and health economics.
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Robert, McLaughlin. Recognition of Belligerency and the Law of Armed Conflict. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780197507056.001.0001.
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Prior to the progressive development of the law of armed conflict (LOAC) heralded by the 1949 Geneva conventions—most particularly in relation to the concepts of international and non-international armed conflict—the customary doctrine on recognition of belligerency functioned for almost 200 years as the definitive legal scheme for differentiating internal conflict from ‘civil wars’ in which the law of war as applicable between states applied de jure. Employing a legal historical approach, this book describes the thematic and schematic fundamentals of the doctrine, and analyses some of the more significant challenges to its application. In doing so, the book assesses whether, how, and why the doctrine on recognition of belligerency was considered ‘fit for purpose’, and seeks to inform debate as to its continuity and utility within the modern scheme of LOAC.
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Luc, Heuschling. 14 The Complex Relationship Between Administrative and Constitutional Law: A Comparative and Historical Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198726401.003.0014.
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This chapter analyses the position of ‘administrative law’ vis-à-vis ‘constitutional law’, and vice versa, from a comparative and historical perspective. Its primary aim is to get an exact view of how far the national legal systems in Europe converge, or diverge, with respect to the relationship between constitutional and administrative law. However, pleading the thesis of an Ius commune Europaeum (i.e., the existence of a common legal view in Europe) requires an in-depth analysis of all European countries, without excluding individual cases that do not fit into the mainstream (particularly the United Kingdom and Sweden). Only then can any thesis of unity amongst diversity be truly persuasive. In addition, the secondary aim of this chapter's investigation is to get a better theoretical understanding of administrative law in general.
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Strojan, Marjan. Milton in Serbian/Montenegrin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754824.003.0021.
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The focus of this chapter is the first Serbian translation of Paradise Lost, which appeared in Belgrade in 1989. It was a reprint of Djilas’s translation of the epic, published twenty years earlier in the USA. Djilas’s task of translation was also an act of intellectual rebellion and a means of keeping himself sane during his long years of incarceration in a Yugoslav prison. The chapter analyses select passages of Djilas’s translation alongside their counterparts from the original as well as with some extant Serbian renderings of the poem. This analysis demonstrates that, in his translation, Djilas successfully brought together the culturally different epic traditions of his native Montenegro and of the nearby Dalmatian coast, but he was less successful in solving the fundamental prosodic question of how to make Milton’s dense iambic pentameter fit an equally compact trochaic verse.
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Cabrera, Luis. Reform, Resist, Create. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190905651.003.0006.
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While there have been numerous recent analyses of the legitimacy of suprastate governance institutions such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) or United Nations Security Council, few accounts have considered individual duties in relation to those institutions, broadly analogous to suprastate political obligation. Identified in this chapter are three categories of duties that should be salient to a range of institutions. These include duties to support their reform, to resist specific institutional features or practices, and to reject the continued operation of some institutions and support the creation of alternate ones. These duties would correspond roughly to how well an institution would appear to fit into a global institutional scheme that actually would fulfill cosmopolitan aims for rights promotion and protections and related global moral goods. An implication is that the current global system itself is a candidate for rejection, given its inherent tendencies toward the gross underfulfillment of individual rights.
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Malik, Shushma. The Criminal Emperors of Ancient Rome and Wilde’s ‘true historical sense’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789260.003.0018.
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This chapter explores how Wilde uses ‘historic sense’ (the intuition of a learned historian and the antecedent of historical criticism) as a tool with which to analyse the past, particularly the criminal emperors of ancient Rome. In his essay ‘Pen, Pencil, and Poison’, Wilde claims that ‘true historical sense’ in relation to the past allows us to ignore the crimes of Nero and Tiberius, and instead to recognize and appreciate them as artists. His decadent reading of the past is undermined, however, when we compare this version of historically guided intuition with his definition of the phrase in other works. By examining ‘Pen, Pencil, and Poison’ alongside The Picture of Dorian Gray and ‘Epistola: In Carcere et Vinculis’, we can see how Wilde manipulates his readings of the criminal emperors of Rome in order to fit his own changing relationship with Decadence and the (im)morality of crime.
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Mevorach, Irit. Assessment of International Instruments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782896.003.0006.
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This chapter assesses the key international instruments for cross-border insolvency, primarily the Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency (the MLCBI), and the related cross-border aspects of insolvency addressed in the Insolvency Standard. It also tentatively analyses the developments of additional instruments regarding enterprise groups and the enforcement of insolvency-related judgments. It considers how the MLCBI and complementary instruments fit into the normative framework proposed in the book. It asks to what extent the instruments follow modified universalism norms, thus contributing to the crystallization and development of customary international law (CIL). It also assesses: the choice of instrument; whether there are any issues with the design of the instruments taking into account the bounds on decision-making; and whether the instruments support the required levels of targeted harmonization to incentivize compliance. This chapter also assesses the specific instruments and measures that attempt to address the cross-border insolvency of multinational financial institutions (MFIs), particularly the Key Attributes, supporting principles, and contractual solutions.
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Dorfman, Jay. Theory and Practice of Technology-Based Music Instruction. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199795581.001.0001.
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Based on educational theory and on recognized music teaching methods, Theory and Practice of Technology-Based Music Instruction develops a framework for examining music teaching that uses technology to introduce, reinforce, and assess skills and concepts. The framework guides in-depth discussions about theoretical and philosophical foundations of technology-based music instruction (TBMI), materials for teaching, teaching behaviors, and assessment of student work, teacher work, and fit of technology into the music program. The book includes examples of TBMI lessons from real teachers, and analyses of the successful and developing parts of these lessons. The book also addresses issues of accountability and standards; recommendations for professional development; and the future of the field, embodied in emerging technologies, alternative ensembles, and social issues. It will be a key volume for teachers implementing new curricular offerings and for music teacher educators as a foundation for teaching with technology beyond a focus on software and hardware.
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Raschieri, Amedeo. The Fragments of Republican Orators in Quintilian’s Institutio oratoria. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788201.003.0006.
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This chapter analyses the quotations from the orators of the Republican period in Quintilian’s Institutio oratoria. The method of quotation is extremely varied and the author shows a good first-hand knowledge of many speeches, especially those of more recent writers including Caelius Rufus, Asinius Pollio, and Messala Corvinus. Regardless of Cicero’s excellence, these orators fit well within the large educational project proposed by Quintilian. They are used as moral models, as well as lexical, rhetorical, and stylistic examples, often accepted but sometimes rejected, and always included in a more general literary, historical, and cultural framework. In addition to the most important Greek authors, Cicero, and more recent Latin authors, Roman orators of the Republican period are fundamental models both for orators in training and those already practising, in an emulative and anti-dogmatic vision, aware of the new linguistic and social needs, but eager to find solid roots in the past.
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Gugerty, Mary Kay, and Dean Karlan. The CART Principles for Impact Evaluation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199366088.003.0006.
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The CART principles are essential for designing a right-fit impact evaluation. This chapter explains what it means to conduct credible, actionable, responsible, and transportable impact evaluation. To ensure that impact evaluations follow the CART principles, organizations ought to strive for bias-free data collection and analysis. Bias (systematic error that favors one measure over another) may come from the way data are collected (question wording influences responses), or the way they are analyzed (e.g., influence of external factors or how people are selected into programs). In many cases, an randomizied control trial (RCT) helps generate a credible impact evaluation. In the simplest version of an RCT, individuals are randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. However, in special circumstances, other quasi-experimental evaluation methods can be successful. Actionable impact evaluation requires that organizations commit to learn from the undertaking and act on the results, even if they are disappointing. Organizations can make sure an evaluation is responsible by weighing how much it costs relative to its expected benefits. This chapter also addresses common criticisms about RCTs and identifies some strategies for reducing their cost. Finally, the chapter explains that the transportable principle mandates that evaluations produce useful evidence for others.
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Pereira, Ivonete. “Os filhos de Eva”: crianças e adolescentes pobres à sombra da delinquência e da desvalia em Florianópolis - 1900/1940. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-278-0.
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“The children of Eve”: poor children and teenagers in the shadow of delinquency and abandonment in Florianópolis – 1900-1940 This book analyzes the discourses of intellectuals, jurists, and public authorities about poor children and teenagers in Florianópolis in the first four decades of the twentieth century. In the country’s pedagogical knowledge in that century, childhood had a “natural plasticity”, therefore susceptible to molding. Thus, shaping the child and adjusting it to the ideals of a “civilized” society became the pivot of passionate discourses in State Chambers and Federal Congress, as well as in the intellectual environment. In those, poor children and adolescents became synonyms of “abandoned” and/or “perverted. The discourses ranged from defending those children and adolescents, to protecting society against them, since they also “represented” a threat to the nation’s “order and progress”. When analyzing the experiences of those children we penetrate in a world of the “pitiful” and the “dangerous”, as well as in a network of intrigues. In it not only the “minors” were subject to a project of exclusion under the aegis of differentiated inclusion, but everyone that represents “the other”, the one that does not fit the normative system which, in that moment, was regarded as “universal and absolute”.
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Ratner, Ellis, and Mark Coler. Financial Services: Insider's Views of the Future. New York Inst of Finance, 1987.
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Ratner, Ellis, and Mark Coler. Financial Services: Insider's Views of the Future. New York Inst of Finance, 1987.
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D, Coler Mark, and Ratner Ellis M, eds. Financial services: Insiders' views of the future. New York: New York Institute of Finance, 1988.
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Gershun, Martha, and John D. ,. MD Lantos. Kidney to Share. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501755439.001.0001.
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This book tells the story of the author's decision to donate a kidney to a stranger. The book takes readers through the complex process by which such donors are vetted to ensure that they are physically and psychologically fit to take the risk of a major operation. The story is also placed in the larger context of the history of kidney transplantation and the ethical controversies that surround living donors. The book helps readers understand the discoveries that made transplantation relatively safe and effective as well as the legal, ethical, and economic policies that make it feasible. The book explores the steps involved in recovering and allocating organs. It analyzes the differences that arise depending on whether the organ comes from a living donor or one who has died. It observes the expertise — and the shortcomings — of doctors, nurses, and other professionals and describes the burdens that we place on people who are willing to donate. It asks us to consider just how far society should go in using one person's healthy body parts in order to save another person. The book provides an account of organ donation that is both personal and analytical. A combination of perspectives leads to a profound and compelling exploration of a largely opaque practice. The book pulls back the curtain to offer readers a more transparent view of the fascinating world of organ donation.
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Bońkowski, Robert, Milica Lukić, Krešimir Mićanović, Paulina Pycia-Košćak, and Sanja Zubčić. Periferno u hrvatskom jeziku, kulturi i društvu / Peryferie w języku chorwackim, kulturze i społeczeństwie. University of Silesia Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pn.4038.
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The volume "Peripheries in the Croatian Language, Culture and Society" is the second colllection of articles, which are the result of the meeting at the international scientific conference that took place in Katowice in 2019. The first and most extensive chapter of the volume, titled "Croatian Standard Language and Dialects" consists of articles in which the peripheries and peripherality appear most often in relation to the marginal position of certain linguistic phenomena in the Croatian standard language and in regional variants. In the second part, titled "Croatian Language in Teaching and Translation", there are texts in which the peripheries and peripherality are related to the glottodidactics of the Croatian language and traductology. The third chapter of the volume, "Croatian Language Abroad", covers works in which the peripheries and peripherality are closest to their original, geographical meaning, as they refer to a place remote from the center, which in this particular case is Croatia. The diachronic perspective in the study of the peripheries and peripherality is visible in the texts collected in the fourth chapter of the volume, titled "Croatian Language and Croatian Writing over the centuries". The last chapter, "Cultural and Sociological Contexts of the Periphery", presents the results of research that differ from purely linguistic issues, but the peripheries and peripherality analyzed in them fit into the main theme of the project.
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Grossman, Andrew. Animated Pasts and Unseen Futures: on the Comic Element in Hong Kong Horror. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424592.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
Analyses of horror cinema seldom focus on the genre’s intersections with comedy, perhaps because the dominant influence of psychoanalysis on horror has emphasized gender, sexuality, trauma, abandonment, and various aspects of the unconscious. Yet Hong Kong might well boast world cinema’s most successful engagement of the horror-comedy as a sustained genre. From the late 1970s through the early 1990s, the ghosts and animated corpses of Taoist folklore became invested with the martial arts comedy advanced by Jackie Chan and Sammo Hung, rendering supernatural bodies as clownish cyphers rather than the romantic entities of Enchanting Shadow or AChinese Ghost Story. If spirits represent an intermediary stage between life and death, so too does the stylized clown, whose death-defying feats and transgression of “normal” human limitations render our mortal fears absurd. Presenting superstition as a comedy of stubborn familiarity and reveling in the foolishness of a premodern past, the Hong Kong horror-comedy resists the ideology of the encroaching Mainland, which has often censored “backwards” depictions of Chinese folklore and fantasy. In addition to examining the phenomenology of Hong Kong’s horror-comedies, this chapter also considers how such films fit into overall theories of physical comedy, from Bergson to Koestler.
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Stone, Michael E. Secret Groups in Ancient Judaism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842383.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis advanced in this work is that the model of a secret or esoteric group is fruitful for studying various movements and groups in the Greco–Roman world. This is worked out in the extremely interesting case of the Essenes and the Qumran covenanters, for which we have available not only outsider descriptions but also the very documents that embody at least part of their secret teachings. This approach to analysis is not intended to supplant the sect/normative pattern for describing Ancient Judaism, but to supplement it, adding a very fruitful unexplored dimension to the analysis of ancient Jewish society. By attributing, in the footsteps of Georg Simmel, and more recently L. Hazelrigg, the organization and dynamic of secret societies to the need to guard the secret knowledge, it provides ways of understanding the organization and practice of the Qumran covenanters Essene sect, which were previously unperceived. Having established the theoretical framework, having shown that such groups existed in both non-Jewish and Jewish society in the Greco–Roman world, the book then proceeds to analyze in detail the working out of this dynamic in the cases of the Therapeutae and the Essenes, supplementing this with investigation of whether there is evidence for this same dynamic elsewhere in Second Temple Jewish society. Moreover, this analysis bears on the overall “fit” of these groups in the society of the period, so richly endowed with names of and evidence for different groups in that society.
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Persson, Ingmar. Reasons in Action. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845034.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The principal aim of this book is to analyse what it is to act for a reason in such a way that we intentionally do what we have a reason for doing and intentionally attain the end for which we perform this action, as specified by the reason. The analysis is mainly developed to suit physical actions, but it is considered how it needs to be modified to cover mental acts. It is also adapted to fit the notion of letting something be the case by refraining from acting. The analysis of intentional action presented is reductionist in the sense that it does not appeal to any concepts that are distinctive of the domain of action theory, such as a unique type of agent-causation, or irreducible mental acts, like acts of will, volitions, decisions, or tryings. Nor does it appeal to any unanalysed attitudes or states essentially related to intentional action, like intentions and desires to act. Instead, the intentionality of actions is construed as springing from desires conceived as physical states of agents which cause facts because of the way these agents think of them. A sense of our having responsibility that is sufficent for our acting for reasons is also sketched.
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Cabrera, Luis, ed. Institutional Cosmopolitanism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190905651.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Is a global institutional order composed of sovereign states fit for cosmopolitan moral purpose? Cosmopolitan political theorists challenge claims that states, nations, and other collectives have ultimate moral significance. They focus instead on individuals: on what they share and on what each may owe to all others. They see principles of distributive justice—and increasingly political justice—applying with force in a global system in which billions continue to suffer from severe poverty and deprivation, political repression, interstate violence, and other ills. Cosmopolitans diverge, however, on the institutional implications of their shared moral view. Some argue that the current system of competing sovereign states tends to promote unjust outcomes and stands in need of deep structural reform. Others reject such claims and contend that justice can be pursued through transforming the orientations and conduct of individual and collective agents, especially states. This volume brings together prominent political theorists and international relations scholars—including some skeptics of cosmopolitanism—in a far-ranging dialogue about the institutional implications of the approach. The contributors offer penetrating analyses of both continuing and emerging issues around state sovereignty, democratic autonomy and accountability, and the promotion and protection of human rights. They also debate potential reforms of the current global system, from the transformation of cities and states to the creation of some encompassing world government capable of effectively promoting cosmopolitan aims.
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Earle, Harriet E. H. Comics, Trauma, and the New Art of War. University Press of Mississippi, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496812469.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Conflict is one of the most prevalent themes in comics, film and literature; we have been writing stories of war and violence since time immemorial. Comics is no stranger to such narratives and is writing them in ways that are different from (and complementary to) literature and film. This book brings together two distinct areas of research–trauma studies and comics–to provide a new interpretation of this long-standing central theme. Focusing on representations of conflict and war in post-Vietnam American comics, it claims that the comics form is able to mimic traumatic experience in order to represent the events as accurately and viscerally as possible. The textual focus spans the whole form, placing mainstream superhero comics alongside alternative and art comics. The specific comics fit a narrow set of criteria, all being published after 1975 by American creators, discussed in conversation with critical material from a wide range of thinkers, including Sigmund Freud, Mikhail Bakhtin, and Fredric Jameson, as well as contemporary trauma theory and clinical psychology. This book is structured around six key issues in conflict and traumatic representation, with close analyses of the chosen texts to consider the effectiveness of comics, both formally and thematically, in the areas of mourning, dreams, and personal identity. Comics, Trauma and the New Art of War also consider how timescales, temporality, and postmodernism affect, and are affected by, the dual focus of comics and trauma.
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Lee, Donna, and Brian Hocking. Economic Diplomacy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.384.
Full textAbstract:
Mainstream studies of diplomacy have traditionally approached international relations (IR) using realist and neorealist frameworks, resulting in state-centric analyses of mainly political agendas at the expense of economic matters. Recently, however, scholars have begun to focus on understanding international relations beyond security. Consequently, there has been a significant shift in the study of diplomacy toward a better understanding of the processes and practices underpinning economic diplomacy. New concepts of diplomacy such as catalytic diplomacy, network diplomacy, and multistakeholder diplomacy have emerged, providing new tools not only to recognize a greater variety of state and nonstate actors in diplomatic practice, but also to highlight the varied and changing character of diplomatic processes. In this context, two themes in the study of diplomacy can be identified. The first is that of diplomat as agent, in IR and international political economy. The second is how to fit into diplomatic agency officials who do not belong to the state, or to a foreign ministry. In the case of the changing environment caused by globalization, economic diplomacy commonly drives the development of qualitatively different diplomatic practices in new and existing economic forums. Four key modes of economic diplomacy are critical to managing contemporary globalization: commercial diplomacy, trade diplomacy, finance diplomacy, and consular visa services in relation to increased immigration flows. The development of these modes of economic diplomacy has shaped the way we think about who the diplomats are, what diplomats do, and how they do it.
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Pollard, Natalie. Poetry, Publishing, and Visual Culture from Late Modernism to the Twenty-first Century. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852605.001.0001.
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This book examines why it is important to appreciate cultural artefacts such as poems, sculptures, and buildings not as static, perfected objects, but as meshworks of entangled, mutable, and trans-personal forces. Offering six such case studies across the long twentieth century, the book focuses on how poetic works activate closer appreciation of literature’s hybridity. The book analyses how such texts are collaborative, emergent, and between-categories, and shows why this matters. It focuses, first, on how printed poetry is often produced collaboratively, in dialogue with the visual and plastic arts; and second, how it comes about through entangled and emergent agencies. Both have been overlooked in contemporary scholarship. Although this proposal makes some trouble for established disciplinary modes of reception and literary classification, for this reason, it also paves the way for new critical responses. Chiefly, Fugitive Pieces encourages the development of modes of literary critical engagement which acknowledge their uncertainty, vulnerability, and provisionality. Such reading involves encountering poems as co-constituted through materials that have frequently been treated as extra-literary, and in some cases extra-human. Focusing on works by Djuna Barnes, David Jones, F.T. Prince, Ted Hughes, Denise Riley, and Paul Muldoon, Fugitive Pieces fosters closer attention to how literary works operate beyond the boundaries of artistic categorization and agency. It examines the politics of disciplinary criticism, and the tensions between anthropocentric understandings of value and intra-agential collaborative practices. Its purpose is to stimulate much-needed analysis of printed works as combinatorial and hybrid, passing between published versions and artforms, persons and practices.
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Hibbert, D. Brynn. Quality Assurance in the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162127.001.0001.
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Analytical chemical results touch everyones lives can we eat the food? do I have a disease? did the defendant leave his DNA at the crime scene? should I invest in that gold mine? When a chemist measures something how do we know that the result is appropriate? What is fit for purpose in the context of analytical chemistry? Many manufacturing and service companies have embraced traditional statistical approaches to quality assurance, and these have been adopted by analytical chemistry laboratories. However the right chemical answer is never known, so there is not a direct parallel with the manufacture of ball bearings which can be measured and assessed. The customer of the analytical services relies on the quality assurance and quality control procedures adopted by the laboratory. It is the totality of the QA effort, perhaps first brought together in this text, that gives the customer confidence in the result. QA in the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory takes the reader through all aspects of QA, from the statistical basics and quality control tools to becoming accredited to international standards. The latest understanding of concepts such as measurement uncertainty and metrological traceability are explained for a working chemist or her client. How to design experiments to optimize an analytical process is included, together with the necessary statistics to analyze the results. All numerical manipulation and examples are given as Microsoft Excel spreadsheets that can be implemented on any personal computer. Different kinds of interlaboratory studies are explained, and how a laboratory is judged in proficiency testing schemes is described. Accreditation to ISO 17025 or OECD GLP is nearly obligatory for laboratories of any pretension to quality. Here the reader will find an introduction to the requirements and philosophy of accreditation. Whether completing a degree course in chemistry or working in a busy analytical laboratory, this book is a single source for an introduction into quality assurance.