Journal articles: 'FGM in Sierra Leone'

1

Devi, Sharmila. "FGM in Sierra Leone." Lancet 391, no. 10119 (February 2018): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30189-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Kusuma, Ardli Johan, and Isabella Putri Maharani. "Peran World Health Organization dalam Menangani Isu Female Genital Mutilation di Sierra Leone." Journal of Political Issues 2, no. 2 (January 31, 2021): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/jpi.v2i2.41.

Full text

Abstract:

Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang peran WHO dalam menangani isu Female Genital Mutilation di Sierra Leone. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti berfokus pada implementasi peran WHO melalui CEDAW dan Maputo Protocol yang telah diratifikasi oleh Sierra Leone dalam penghapusan praktek FGM yang merupakan budaya dari masyarakat Sierra Leone untuk proses wanita menuju dewasa serta gerakan dari aktivisi internasional dan organisasi internasional yang berfokus pada penghapusan praktik FGM. Budaya FGM sendiri merupakan salah satu bentuk diskriminasi terhadap perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitik, dimana data-data yang dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan studi pustaka. Dalam menjelaskan penelitian ini Peneliti memperoleh data melalui Jurnal, Buku, Tesis, Laporan Ilmiah, internet dan laporan pemerintah serta respon organisasi internasional yang berfokus pada FGM di Sierra Leone. Teori yang digunakan adalah HAM, Organisasi Internasional dan Peran. Data-data yang diperoleh kemudian diklasifikasikan untuk kemudian dianalsis dengan menggunakan teori yang digunakan untuk menarik kesimpulan. Dari hasil analisi, peneliti mengambil kesimpulan bahwa implementasi CEDAW oleh pemerintah Sierra Leone dalam masalah penghapusan Female Genital Mutilation tidak diterapkan secara baik oleh pemerintah Sierra Leone dikarenakan pemerintah tidak memasukan undang-undang kedalam hukum nasionalnya mengenai penghapusan praktik tradisional berbahaya yaitu FGM. Alasan pemerintah adalah dikhwatirkan mengancam kepentingan nasionalnya.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Dalal, Koustuv, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Sourav Mandal, Gainel Ussatayeva, Ming Shinn Lee, and Animesh Biswas. "Adolescent girls’ attitudes toward female genital mutilation: a study in seven African countries." F1000Research 7 (March 20, 2018): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14142.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The study’s aim is to examine adolescent girls’ attitudes toward the continuation or discontinuation of female genital mutilation (FGM) in association with their demographics in seven different countries in Africa. Methods: Data from the women’s survey of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted by the respective ministries (of Health and Family Welfare) in Egypt, Guinea, Kenya, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Sierra Leone were used. Adolescent girls (15–19 years) were included in the current analysis: Egypt (N=636), Guinea (N=1994), Kenya (N= 1767), Mali (N=2791), Niger (N=1835), Senegal (N=3604), Sierra Leone (N=1237). Results: Prevalence of supporting the continuation of FGM among adolescent girls was in Egypt 58%, Guinea 63%, Kenya 16%, Mali 72%, Niger 3%, Senegal 23%, and Sierra Leone 52%. Being Muslim and having low economic status were significantly associated with supporting the continuation of FGM in five of the participating countries. Girls having no education or only primary education in Guinea, Kenya, Mali and Sierra Leone exhibited a higher likelihood of supporting FGM than girls with secondary or higher education. In Egypt, Niger and Senegal there was no association between education and supporting FGM. The girls who stated that they had no exposure to media showed the higher likelihood of supporting FGM in Guinea, Kenya, and Senegal than those with exposure to media. Conclusions: The current study argues that increasing media coverage and education, and reducing poverty are of importance for shifting adolescent girls’ attitudes in favor of discontinuation of FGM.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Bjälkander, Owolabi, Donald S. Grant, Vanja Berggren, Heli Bathija, and Lars Almroth. "Female Genital Mutilation in Sierra Leone: Forms, Reliability of Reported Status, and Accuracy of Related Demographic and Health Survey Questions." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/680926.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective.To determine forms of female genital mutilation (FGM), assess consistency between self-reported and observed FGM status, and assess the accuracy of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) FGM questions in Sierra Leone.Methods.This cross-sectional study, conducted between October 2010 and April 2012, enrolled 558 females aged 12–47 from eleven antenatal clinics in northeast Sierra Leone. Data on demography, FGM status, and self-reported anatomical descriptions were collected. Genital inspection confirmed the occurrence and extent of cutting.Results.All participants reported FGM status; 4 refused genital inspection. Using the WHO classification of FGM, 31.7% had type Ib; 64.1% type IIb; and 4.2% type IIc. There was a high level of agreement between reported and observed FGM prevalence (81.2% and 81.4%, resp.). There was no correlation between DHS FGM responses and anatomic extent of cutting, as 2.7% reported pricking; 87.1% flesh removal; and 1.1% that genitalia was sewn closed.Conclusion.Types I and II are the main forms of FGM, with labia majora alterations in almost 5% of cases. Self-reports on FGM status could serve as a proxy measurement for FGM prevalence but not for FGM type. The DHS FGM questions are inaccurate for determining cutting extent.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Ibrahim, Aisha Fofana. "The Bondo Society as a Political Tool: Examining Cultural Expertise in Sierra Leone from 1961 to 2018." Laws 8, no. 3 (August 12, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws8030017.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper focuses on the politics of the Bondo—the competition among social groups for an exclusive influence on the National strategy for the reduction of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C). In the first part, this paper shows how the Bondo—a women’s only secret society—has become a site of contestation for not only pro- and anti-FGM/C advocates, but also elite male politicians who have, since independence in 1961, continued to use the Bondo space for political gains. The use of the Bondo for political leverage and influence pre-dates independence and is as old as the society itself. The second part of this paper discusses the legitimacy of expertise as central to this debate, in which each group competes to become the leading expert. Thus, even though human rights/choice discourse currently dominates the FGM/C debate, traditional expertise remains valid in the formulation of community by-laws as well as state policies and laws. This can be seen in the recent attempt by the state to develop a National Policy for the Reduction of FGM/C in which the expertise of all three groups was sought. Using data from existing literature and personal interviews, this paper interrogates this contention by describing how the role of cultural experts—especially the Soweis—has been politicized in the stalemate over the enactment of the National Policy for the Reduction of FGC. This paper concludes with considerations about the complexity of Bondo expertise, in which opposing parties use similar arguments to evoke the human rights discourses on women’s rights and bodily integrity/autonomy. It argues that a better knowledge of these dynamics as they develop in Sierra Leone and other African countries would be useful to the European jurisdiction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Small, Eusebius, Bonita B. Sharma, Silviya Pavlova Nikolova, and Betty C. Tonui. "Hegemonic Masculinity Attitudes Toward Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Among a Sample of College Students in Northern and Southern Sierra Leone." Journal of Transcultural Nursing 31, no. 5 (September 19, 2019): 468–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659619875499.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction: Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) is a public health problem. Approximately three million women and girls undergo FGM/C every year, worldwide. The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of education on hegemonic masculinity attitudes between male and female students and whether parental education differentiated the groups. Method: A cross-section design was used. Data were collected through a survey response from 338 students in May 2017. The data were analyzed using chi-square and correlational tests. Results: Education did not change the attitudes of students toward FGM/C (χ2 = 3.64, p = .16); however, parental education had an influence on both male and female students’ attitudes toward FGM/C. Discussion: The study suggests that education alone may not be sufficient to end FGM/C practice. A comprehensive community-led strategy incorporating culturally congruent health care to involve multiple parties of health professionals, religious leaders, government, and policy makers may be needed to address the problem.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Matanda, Dennis Juma, Pooja Sripad, and Charity Ndwiga. "Is there a relationship between female genital mutilation/cutting and fistula? A statistical analysis using cross-sectional data from Demographic and Health Surveys in 10 sub-Saharan Africa countries." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e025355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025355.

Full text

Abstract:

ObjectivesLiterature on associations between female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and fistula points to a common belief that FGM/C predisposes women to developing fistula. This study explores this association using nationally representative survey data.DesignA secondary statistical analysis of cross-sectional data from Demographic and Health Surveys was conducted to explore the association between FGM/C and fistula.SettingSub-Saharan Africa.ParticipantsWomen aged 15–49 years in Burkina Faso (n=17 087), Chad (n=17 719), Côte d’Ivoire (n=10 060), Ethiopia (n=14 070), Guinea (n=9142), Kenya (n=31 079), Mali (n=10 424), Nigeria (n=33 385), Senegal (n=15 688) and Sierra Leone (n=16 658).Main outcome measuresFistula symptoms.ResultsMultivariate logit modelling using pooled data from 10 countries showed that the odds of reporting fistula symptoms were 1.5 times (CI 1.06 to 2.21) higher for women whose genitals were cut and sewn closed than those who had undergone other types of FGM/C. Women who attended antenatal care (ANC) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.51, CI 0.36 to 0.71) and those who lived in urban areas (AOR 0.62, CI 0.44 to 0.89) were less likely to report fistula symptoms than those who did not attend ANC or lived in rural areas.ConclusionsSevere forms of FGM/C (infibulation) may predispose women to fistula. Contextual and socioeconomic factors may increase the likelihood of fistula. Multisectoral interventions that concurrently address harmful traditional practices such as FGM/C and other contextual factors that drive the occurrence of fistula are warranted. Promotion of ANC utilisation could be a starting point in the prevention of fistulas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Koski, Alissa, and Jody Heymann. "Thirty-year trends in the prevalence and severity of female genital mutilation: a comparison of 22 countries." BMJ Global Health 2, no. 4 (November 2017): bmjgh—2017–000467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000467.

Full text

Abstract:

IntroductionFemale genital mutilation (FGM) harms women’s health and well-being and is widely considered a violation of human rights. The United Nations has called for elimination of the practice by 2030.MethodsWe used household survey data to measure trends in the prevalence of FGM in 22 countries. We also examined trends in the severity of the practice by measuring changes in the prevalence of flesh removal, infibulation and symbolic ‘nicking’ of the genitals. We evaluated the extent to which measurement error may have influenced our estimates by observing the consistency of reports for the same birth cohorts over successive survey waves.ResultsThe prevalence of all types of FGM fell in 17 of 22 countries we examined. The vast majority of women who undergo FGM have flesh removed from their genitals, likely corresponding to the partial or total removal of the clitoris and labia. Infibulation is still practised throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa. Its prevalence has declined in most countries, but in Chad, Mali and Sierra Leone the prevalence has increased by 2–8 percentage points over 30 years. Symbolic nicking of the genitals is relatively rare but becoming more common in Burkina Faso, Chad, Guinea and Mali.ConclusionFGM is becoming less common over time, but it remains a pervasive practice in some countries: more than half of women in 7 of the 22 countries we examined still experience FGM. The severity of the procedures has not changed substantially over time. Rigorous evaluation of interventions aimed at eliminating or reducing the harms associated with the practice is needed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Konoyima, Komba Jossie, and Raymond Geoffrey Johnson. "Socio-Economic Status and Living Conditions of Coastal Communities: Impacts on the Mangrove Ecosystems in the Scarcies Estuaries, Sierra Leone, West Africa." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 88 (March 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.88.1.

Full text

Abstract:

This research was conducted between the periods of March 2015 to December 2015 in the Scarcies Estuary, Sierra Leone. Participatory methods such as Focused Group Discussion (FGD), Interviews and ranking exercises were used for the assessment. The objective of this study is to assess the social and economic constraints of coastal communities, and how such constraints have influenced mangrove loss in the area. Knowledge on those is scarce for this region. The study will contribute to improving sustainable management agenda for mangrove forests in the Scarcies Estuaries. Results show a more active and productive age range of respondents (31-40 years), capable enough to make decisions that could influence resource use. A Student’s t-test showed no significant difference in sex at (P>0.05) for male (70%) and female (30%) mangrove dependents. In addition, of the various mangroves related economic activities, oyster collection and farming remained the most important with income above One Million Leones (>115USD) per week and per farming season respectively. Further, key constraints in the communities included inadequate health centers, educational facilities and lack of basic material assets. Multiple households in a dwelling unit are also a common residential arrangement in these areas. Such living conditions are in the context of the definition of poverty with such outcomes as deprived resources such as money and assets, poor health and illiteracy. Hence, it is increasingly evident that the conservation of mangroves in this region cannot be done without considering the varying impacts of poverty, gender roles and resource utilisation patterns.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Suri, Devika J., Isabel Potani, Akriti Singh, Stacy Griswold, William W. Wong, Breanne Langlois, Ye Shen, et al. "Body Composition Changes in Children during Treatment for Moderate Acute Malnutrition: Findings from a 4-Arm Cluster-Randomized Trial in Sierra Leone." Journal of Nutrition 151, no. 7 (April 20, 2021): 2043–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab080.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Background Measures that better describe “healthy” and sustainable recovery during nutritional treatment of children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) are needed. Objectives We compared changes to body composition among children receiving 1 of 4 specialized nutritious food (SNFs) during treatment of MAM and by recovery and relapse outcomes. Methods The study was nested within a prospective, cluster-randomized, community-based, cost-effectiveness trial assessing 4 SNFs to treat children aged 6–59 mo with MAM [midupper arm circumference (MUAC) ≥11.5 cm and <12.5 cm without bipedal edema] in Sierra Leone. Biweekly SNF rations (1 of 3 fortified-blended foods or a lipid-based nutrient supplement) were given until children recovered (MUAC ≥12.5 cm), or up to 7 rations (∼12 wk). Deuterium dilution was used to estimate fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) at enrollment and after 4 wk of treatment to ensure similar treatment exposure among the participants. Another MUAC measurement was performed among recovered children 4 wk after program exit to determine whether recovery was sustained. ANOVA, paired t tests, and linear regression models were used to determine significant differences in changes from baseline to 4 wk. Results Among 312 analyzed participants, mean baseline weight comprised ∼80% FFM; mean weight gained after 4 wk comprised ∼82% FFM. Changes in FM and FFM among 4 SNFs were similar. Children who recovered gained more weight (241%), FFM (179%), and weight-for-height z score (0.44 compared with 0) compared with those who did not recover; sustainers gained 150% more weight. FM gains were positive among recovered children and sustainers, as well as negative among those who did not recover or sustain recovery, but not significantly different. Conclusions Four SNFs had similar effects on body composition in children after 4 wk of treatment for MAM, showing a healthy pattern of weight gain, the majority being FFM. Differential responses to treatment underscore a need for further research to provide targets for healthy, sustainable recovery. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03146897.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

International Monetary Fund. "Sierra Leone: Sierra Leone: Selected Issues." IMF Staff Country Reports 16, no. 237 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498369824.002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Parker, Peter. "Sierra Leone." Lancet 328, no. 8504 (August 1986): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(86)92147-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

FYFE, CHRISTOPHER. "Sierra Leone." African Affairs 92, no. 369 (October 1993): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098683.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Nicol-Wilson, Melron C. "SIERRA LEONE." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 2, no. 1 (2004): 1474–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160604x01485.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Human Rights Law in Africa, Editors. "SIERRA LEONE." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 3, no. 1 (1998): 395–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160698x00636.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Lisk, D. R. "Sierra Leone." Practical Neurology 7, no. 3 (June 1, 2007): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2007.120089.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Adeola, Romola. "Sierra Leone." African Disability Rights Yearbook 3, no. 1 (2015): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-7138/2015/v3n1a10.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Walle, Nicolas Van De, and Michael Jackson. "In Sierra Leone." Foreign Affairs 83, no. 3 (2004): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20034026.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Baker, Bruce, and Roy May. "Reconstructing Sierra Leone." Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 42, no. 1 (March 2004): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14662040408565568.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Veeken, H. "Letter from Sierra Leone: Sierra Leone: people displaced because of diamonds." BMJ 309, no. 6953 (August 20, 1994): 523–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.309.6953.523.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Conteh-Morgan, Miriam. "English in Sierra Leone." English Today 13, no. 3 (July 1997): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607840000986x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Davies, V. "Sierra Leone: ironic tragedy." Journal of African Economics 9, no. 3 (October 1, 2000): 349–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/9.3.349.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

SUTTON, P. M., E. P. WHITESIDE, and R. T. ODELL. "SOME SIERRA LEONE SOILS." Soil Science 148, no. 1 (July 1989): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198907000-00003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

SUTTON, P. M., E. P. WHITESIDE, and R. T. ODELL. "SOME SIERRA LEONE SOILS." Soil Science 148, no. 2 (August 1989): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198908000-00004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Casey, K., and R. Glennerster. "Reconciliation in Sierra Leone." Science 352, no. 6287 (May 12, 2016): 766–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf7874.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Sanni Yaya, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Linus Baatiema, and Carolyne Njue. "Do educated women in Sierra Leone support discontinuation of female genital mutilation/cutting? Evidence from the 2013 Demographic and Health Survey." Reproductive Health 17, no. 1 (November 7, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12978-020-01027-1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Introduction Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) comprises all procedures that involve the total or partial elimination of the external genitalia or any injury to the female genital organ for non-medical purposes. More than 200 million females have undergone the procedure globally, with a prevalence of 89.6% in Sierra Leone. Education is acknowledged as a fundamental strategy to end FGM/C. This study aims to assess women's educational attainment and how this impacts their views on whether FGM/C should be discontinued in Sierra Leone. Methods We used data from the 2013 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 15,228 women were included in the study. We carried out a descriptive analysis, followed by Binary Logistic Regression analyses. We presented the results of the Binary Logistic Regression as Crude Odds Ratios (COR) and Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Most of the women with formal education (65.5%) and 15.6% of those without formal education indicated that FGM/C should be discontinued. Similarly, 35% of those aged 15–19 indicated that FGM/C should be discontinued. Women with a higher education level had a higher likelihood of reporting that FGM/C should be discontinued [AOR 4.02; CI 3.00–5.41]. Christian women [AOR 1.72; CI 1.44–2.04], those who reported that FGM/C is not required by religion [AOR 8.68; CI 7.29–10.34], wealthier women [AOR 1.37; CI 1.03–1.83] and those residing in the western part of Sierra Leone [AOR 1.61; CI 1.16–2.23] were more likely to state that FGM/C should be discontinued. In contrast, women in union [AOR 0.75; CI 0.62–0.91], circumcised women [AOR 0.41; CI 0.33–0.52], residents of the northern region [AOR 0.63; CI 0.46–0.85] and women aged 45–49 [AOR 0.66; CI 0.48–0.89] were less likely to report that FGM/C should be discontinued in Sierra Leone. Conclusion This study supports the argument that education is crucial to end FGM/C. Age, religion and religious support for FGM/C, marital status, wealth status, region, place of residence, mothers' experience of FGM/C and having a daughter at home are key influences on the discontinuation of FGM/C in Sierra Leone. The study demonstrates the need to pay critical attention to uneducated women, older women and women who have been circumcised to help Sierra Leone end FGM/C and increase its prospects of achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) three and five.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, John Elvis Hagan, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Eugene Budu, Ebenezer Kwesi Armah-Ansah, Collins Adu, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, and Sanni Yaya. "Empirical linkages between female genital mutilation and multiple sexual partnership: evidence from the 2018 Mali and 2013 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Surveys." Journal of Biosocial Science, March 19, 2021, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932021000109.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Female genital mutilation (FGM) is very pervasive in Africa, with significant regional variations in the prevalence of this traditional practice. This study examined the linkages between FGM and multiple sexual partnership in Mali and Sierra Leone – two African countries with a high prevalence of FGM. Data were from the 2018 Mali and 2013 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Surveys, and the study sample comprised 4750 women from Mali and 16,614 from Sierra Leone. Multilevel logistic regression was used for the data analysis, with reported adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and associated 95% confidence intervals. In Mali, women who had not undergone FGM were less likely to have multiple sexual partners (aOR=0.60, CI=0.38–0.96) compared with those who had undergone FGM. In Sierra Leone, women who had undergone FGM (aOR=1.15, CI=1.02–1.30) were more likely to have multiple sexual partners compared with those who had not undergone FGM. Age, level of education, wealth quintile, sex of household head, community socioeconomic status, mass media exposure, and community literacy level were found to be associated with the likelihood of multiple sexual partnership among women in Mali and Sierra Leone. Comprehensive, age-group-based risk-reduction strategies, such as abstinence education and decision-making skills (assertiveness) training, are needed to reduce girls’ and young women’s engagement in multiple sexual partnerships. Policy interventions, such as anti-FGM legislation and initiatives like the ‘Schooling for the Female Child’ initiative aimed at reducing social inequality among girls and women, might help decrease FGM and the likelihood of health-compromising behaviours like multiple sexual partnership.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Seun Anjorin, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Olalekan A. Uthman, Mpho Keetile, and Sanni Yaya. "Women’s empowerment and female genital mutilation intention for daughters in Sierra Leone: a multilevel analysis." BMC Women's Health 21, no. 1 (May 13, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01340-2.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Female genital mutilation is common in Sierra Leone. Evidence indicates that empowering women provides protective benefits against female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C). Yet, the relationship between women’s empowerment and their intention to cut their daughters has not been explored in Sierra Leone. The aim of this study was to assess the association between women’s empowerment and their intention to have their daughters undergo FGM/C in the country. Methods Data for this study are from the 2013 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 7,706 women between the ages of 15 and 49 were included in the analysis. Analysis entailed generation of descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages), and estimation of multi-level logistic regression models to examine the association between women’s empowerment, contextual factors and their intentions to cut their daughters. Results A significantly higher proportion of women who participated in labour force reported that they intended to cut their daughters compared to those who did not (91.2%, CI = 90.4–91.9 and 86.0%, CI = 84.1–87.8, respectively). Similarly, the proportion intending to cut their daughters was significantly higher among women who accepted wife beating than among those who rejected the practice (94.9%, CI = 93.8–95.8 and 86.4% CI = 84.9–87.8, respectively). A significantly higher proportion of women with low decision-making power intended to cut their daughters compared to those with high decision-making power (91.0%, CI = 89.0–92.8 and 85.0% CI = 82.2–87.4, respectively). Results from multivariate regression analysis showed that the odds of intending to cut daughters were significantly higher among women who participated in labour force (aOR = 2.5, CI = 1.3–4.7) and those who accepted wife beating than among those who did not (aOR = 2.7, CI = 1.7–4.5). In contrast, the likelihood of intending to cut daughters was significantly lower among women with high than low knowledge (aOR = 0.4, CI = 0.3–0.7), and among those aged 45–49 than among those aged 15–19 (aOR = 0.2, CI = 0.0–0.6). Conclusion The findings underscore the need to align anti-FGM/C policies and programmes to women who have undergone FGM/C, those with low knowledge, women who support wife beating and young women. Such interventions could highlight the adverse implications of the practice by stressing the psychological, health and social implications of FGM/C on its survivors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Suri, Devika, Isabel Potani, Akriti Singh, Stacy Griswold, William Wong, Breanne Langlois, Ye Shen, et al. "Changes in Body Composition Using Deuterium Dilution Technique Among Young Children Receiving Specialized Nutritious Foods for Moderate Acute Malnutrition in Sierra Leone (P10-141-19)." Current Developments in Nutrition 3, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz034.p10-141-19.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Objectives To determine differential changes in children's body composition—fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM)—after 4 weeks of treatment for moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) with one of 4 four specialized nutritious foods (SNFs). Methods This sub-study was nested within a larger cluster-randomized trial comparing the cost-effectiveness of 4 isocaloric SNFs in treating MAM among children 6–59 months in Pujehun District, Sierra Leone: Corn-Soy Blend Plus w/oil (CSB + w/oil), Super Cereal Plus w/amylase (SC + A), Corn-Soy-Whey Blend w/oil (CSWB w/oil) and Ready-to-use-Supplementary Food (RUSF). Children with mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) ≥11.5 cm and <12.5 cm with no clinical complications were enrolled and received an SNF ration bi-weekly until they reached MUAC ≥12.5 cm or up to 12 weeks. Body composition was assessed using the deuterium dilution technique at program enrollment and after 4 weeks of treatment. Changes in weight, FM, FFM and %FFM overall and by study arm were calculated; statistical significance was determined using t-tests and ANOVA (unadjusted). Results Among 336 subjects at enrollment, mean ± SD age was 11.8 ± 6.5 mos, weight was 6.5 ± 0.9 kg, FM was 1.3 ± 0.5 kg, FFM was 5.2 ± 0.9 kg, and %FFM was 80.4 ± 7.3. After 4 weeks of treatment, mean ± SD change in weight was 0.44 ± 0.39 kg (P < 0.001), FM was 0.09 ± 0.60 kg (P = 0.005), FFM was 0.35 ± 0.56 (P < 0.001), and %FFM was 0.003 ± 8.5 (NS). Overall, weight gain consisted on average of 20.9% FM and 79.8% FFM. By study arm, mean ± SD changes in FM and FFM respectively, were: 0.12 ± 0.53 kg and 0.32 ± 0.49 kg in CSB + w/oil; 0.13 ± 0.67 kg and 0.34 ± 0.64 kg in SC + A; 0.08 ± 0.65 kg and 0.36 ± 0.57 kg in CSWB w/oil; 0.02 ± 0.49 kg and 0.39 ± 0.5 kg in RUSF. These changes were not significantly different across study arms. Conclusions Over 4 weeks of treatment for MAM, children gained roughly 80% lean mass relative to 20% fat mass. This body composition is consistent with predicted sustainability of recovery from MAM and healthier long-term disease risk. Differential effects on body composition by type of SNF were not detected after 4 weeks of treatment in this study. Funding Sources The Office of Food for Peace, Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance, U.S. Agency for International Development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

"Sierra Leone:." IMF Staff Country Reports 18, no. 371 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484391396.002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

"Sierra Leone." IMF Staff Country Reports 19, no. 217 (July 9, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498324885.002.

Full text

Abstract:

Actions by the new government since taking office in April 2018 helped to stabilize macroeconomic conditions, but the situation remains challenging. Overall growth remained subdued. While elevated, inflation is tracking down. Program performance is broadly on track, though progress on structural measures has been slower than anticipated. Healthy revenues and significant underspending resulted in a lower-than-programed fiscal deficit. All quantitative targets were met, except the end-December performance criterion on net domestic assets (NDA) of the central bank and the end-March indicative target on poverty-related spending.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

"Sierra Leone." IMF Staff Country Reports 19, no. 218 (July 9, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498324960.002.

Full text

Abstract:

The Government of Sierra Leone’s new Medium-term National Development Plan (MTNDP) 2019–2023 has been founded on a strong political commitment to deliver devel-opment results that would improve the welfare of Sierra Leone’s citizens. The plan charts a clear path towards 2023 en route to the goal of achieving middle-income status by 2039 through inclusive growth that is sustainable and leaves no one behind. For the next five years, the Free Quality School Education Programme is the government’s flagship programme to provide a solid base to enhance human capital development and to facilitate the transformation of the economy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

"Sierra Leone." IMF Staff Country Reports 19, no. 171 (June 26, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498355568.002.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper discusses Sierra Leone’s First Review Under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) Arrangement, Request for Modification of Performance Criteria (PC), and Financing Assurances Review. Program performance has been strong. All PCs were met with comfortable margins, and all indicative targets (ITs) were met, except for the one on poverty-related spending that was missed owing to enhanced monitoring of domestic investment execution and delayed budget support. Economic growth momentum continued in 2013, with output expanding by 20 percent. The IMF staff recommends completion of the first review under the ECF arrangement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

"Sierra Leone." IMF Staff Country Reports 20, no. 116 (April 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513541273.002.

Full text

Abstract:

Good progress has been made in stabilizing Sierra Leone’s economy. After coming to office in April 2018, the Government moved quickly to implement key reforms. After stabilizing in 2018, growth recovered in 2019. Fiscal execution in line with the budget saw domestic borrowing needs stabilize.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

"Sierra Leone." IMF Staff Country Reports 20, no. 117 (April 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513541310.002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

"Sierra Leone." IMF Staff Country Reports 20, no. 196 (June 10, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513546964.002.

Full text

Abstract:

The COVID-19 pandemic is severely impacting the Sierra Leonean economy, threatening to wipe out the hard-won gains since the Ebola health crisis just five years ago. The sharp contraction in external demand, and disruptions to mining production and exports are straining the external and fiscal accounts. Proactive measures vital to contain the spread of the crisis are dampening economic activity. The already tight financing situation and fragile health sector, and vast development needs, limit the authorities’ ability to reallocate resources within and across sectors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

"SIERRA LEONE." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 5, no. 1 (2004): 1474–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116060-90000056.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

"SIERRA LEONE." Journal of International Peacekeeping 11, no. 1 (2007): 452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187541107x00321.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

"Sierra Leone." Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series 55, no. 3 (April 2018): 21790A—21790B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825x.2018.08163.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

"Sierra Leone." Africa Bibliography 2003 (December 2004): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266673100000441.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

"Sierra Leone." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 48, no. 3 (May 2011): 19059B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2011.03842.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

"Sierra Leone." Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series 44, no. 8 (September 2007): 17180B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825x.2007.01175.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

"SIERRA LEONE." African Yearbook of International Law Online / Annuaire Africain de droit international Online 5, no. 1 (1997): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221161797x00194.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

"Sierra Leone." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 52, no. 2 (April 2015): 20735C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2015.06281.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

"Sierra Leone." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 54, no. 11 (January 2018): 21946A—21946C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2017.08069.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

"Sierra Leone." Index on Censorship 19, no. 6 (June 1990): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064229008534875.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

"Sierra Leone." IMF Staff Country Reports 21, no. 58 (March 23, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513574578.002.

Full text

Abstract:

Sierra Leone continues to grapple with the serious and persistent economic and social effects of the pandemic. Containment measures and trade disruptions in 2020 weakened domestic demand and exports and caused domestic revenues to fall. Moreover, food insecurity has risen from its already-high pre-COVID-19 level. 2021 is set to be another challenging year, with the ‘second wave’ of infections and vaccine-related uncertainties posing further risks to the recovery. As import growth picks up and development partner support returns to pre-2020 levels, Sierra Leone faces urgent external and fiscal financing needs (both around about 2 percent of GDP). Uncertainty about the outlook and larger near-term financing gaps have impeded the immediate resumption of the program under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF). The authorities are therefore requesting a disbursement under the Rapid Credit Facility (RCF) of 17 percent of quota (SDR 35.26 million). This follows the June 2020 RCF (50 percent of quota or SDR 103.7 million) and would bring total access for the past 12-month period to 82 percent of quota (or 5½ percent of GDP), well within the 150 percent of quota annual PRGT access limit. The authorities also received debt relief under the Catastrophe Containment and Response Trust (CCRT) and are participating in the Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

"In Sierra Leone." Choice Reviews Online 42, no. 04 (December 1, 2004): 42–2357. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.42-2357.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

"Sierra Leone Rise." Radiocarbon 30, no. 3 (1988): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200044258.

Full text

Abstract:

Study of the dependence of core top ages for G menardi and G sacculifer on water depth in cores of low sedimentation rate (∼2cm/103 yr). The study was initiated by Lisa Dubois of Brown University on cores originally studied by Curry and Lohmann of Woods Hole Oceanographic (see Table 2).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

"FISH: Sierra Leone." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 56, no. 3 (May 2019): 22519C—22520A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2019.08865.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'FGM in Sierra Leone'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles