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Academic literature on the topic 'Fgm levels'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fgm levels"

Yajima, Takahiro, Hiroshi Takahashi, and Keigo Yasuda. "Comparison of Interstitial Fluid Glucose Levels Obtained by Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Flash Glucose Monitoring in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Hemodialysis." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 14, no. 6 (October 18, 2019): 1088–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296819882690.

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Background: The accuracy of flash glucose monitoring (FGM, FreeStyle Libre Pro [FSL-Pro]) remains unclear in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: We assessed 13 patients with T2DM undergoing hemodialysis. They simultaneously underwent FGM, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM, iPro2), and self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG). Results: Parkes error grid analysis against SMBG showed that 49.0% and 51.0% of interstitial fluid glucose (ISFG) levels measured using FGM and 93.3% and 6.7% of those measured using CGM fell into zones A and B, respectively. Mean absolute relative difference (MARD) against SMBG for FGM was significantly higher than that for CGM (19.5% ± 13.2% vs 8.1% ± 7.6%, P < .0001). Parkes error grid analysis of 2496 paired ISFG levels between FGM and CGM showed that 53.6%, 46.2%, and 0.2% of the plots fell into zones A, B, and C, respectively. Mean ISFG levels were lower with FGM than with CGM (143.7 ± 67.2 mg/dL vs 164.6 ± 58.5 mg/dL; P < .0001). Mean absolute relative difference of ISFG levels between FGM and CGM was 19.2% ± 13.8%. Among three groups classified according to CGM ISFG levels (hypoglycemia, <70 mg/dL; euglycemia, 70-180 mg/dL; and hyperglycemia, >180 mg/dL), the MARDs for hypoglycemia (31.9% ± 25.0%) and euglycemia (22.8% ± 14.6%) were significantly higher than MARD for hyperglycemia (13.0% ± 8.5%) ( P < .0001 in both). Conclusions: Flash glucose monitoring may be clinically acceptable. Average ISFG levels were lower with FGM than with CGM, and MARDs were higher for hypoglycemia and euglycemia in patients with T2DM undergoing hemodialysis.

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Wada, Eri, Takeshi Onoue, Tomoko Kobayashi, Tomoko Handa, Ayaka Hayase, Masaaki Ito, Mariko Furukawa, et al. "Flash glucose monitoring helps achieve better glycemic control than conventional self-monitoring of blood glucose in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 8, no. 1 (June 2020): e001115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001115.

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IntroductionThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of flash glucose monitoring (FGM) and conventional self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) on glycemic control in patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsIn this 24-week, multicenter, open-label, randomized (1:1), parallel-group study, patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes at five hospitals in Japan were randomly assigned to the FGM (n=49) or SMBG (n=51) groups and were provided each device for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, and was compared using analysis of covariance model that included baseline values and group as covariates.ResultsForty-eight participants in the FGM group and 45 in the SMBG group completed the study. The mean HbA1c levels were 7.83% (62.1 mmol/mol) in the FGM group and 7.84% (62.2 mmol/mol) in the SMBG group at baseline, and the values were reduced in both FGM (−0.43% (−4.7 mmol/mol), p<0.001) and SMBG groups (−0.30% (−3.3 mmol/mol), p=0.001) at 12 weeks. On the other hand, HbA1c was significantly decreased from baseline values in the FGM group, but not in the SMBG group at 24 weeks (FGM: −0.46% (−5.0 mmol/mol), p<0.001; SMBG: −0.17% (−1.8 mmol/mol), p=0.124); a significant between-group difference was also observed (difference −0.29% (−3.2 mmol/mol), p=0.022). Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire score was significantly improved, and the mean glucose levels, SD of glucose, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions and time in hyperglycemia were significantly decreased in the FGM group compared with the SMBG group.ConclusionsGlycemic control was better with FGM than with SMBG after cessation of glucose monitoring in patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.Trial registration numberUMIN000026452, jRCTs041180082.

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Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Bewar Abdulaziz Sedo, and Angela Dawson. "Female Genital Mutilation in Rural Regions of Iraqi Kurdistan: A Cross-Sectional Study." Public Health Reports 134, no. 5 (July 31, 2019): 514–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354919860512.

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Objectives: Although female genital mutilation (FGM) is illegal in Iraqi Kurdistan, FGM continues to be performed frequently in Muslim communities in the region. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the prevalence of FGM among females living in rural areas of Iraqi Kurdistan; (2) assess the attitudes toward FGM of mothers, village community leaders, and religious leaders; and (3) compare the prevalence of FGM by maternal education. Methods: In a cross-sectional, double-randomized study of rural areas in Iraqi Kurdistan, we used a semi-structured questionnaire to interview 1657 mothers of 5048 daughters, 192 mullahs (religious leaders), and 386 mokhtars (community leaders). We examined data on maternal education level, daughters’ ages, whether daughters had experienced FGM, and attitudes about FGM. Results: A total of 2361 of 5048 (46.8%) daughters had experienced FGM. Of 1643 mothers, 565 (34.4%) supported FGM for their daughters in the future, although 825 of 1652 (49.9%) mothers were aware that it was illegal. Eighty-six of 192 (44.8%) mullahs and 339 of 382 (88.7%) mokhtars supported abandoning the practice of FGM. Support for FGM was significantly higher among uneducated mothers than among educated mothers (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-1.72; P < .001) and significantly higher among mothers with ≤9 years of education than among mothers with >9 years of education (PR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.17-2.35; P = .003). Conclusions: FGM continues to be prevalent in rural areas of Iraqi Kurdistan. Public health interventions in this region are needed to improve knowledge about the harmful effects of FGM, its illegality, and the importance of prevention, particularly targeting leaders and households with low education levels.

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Lehman, Chadwick P., Christopher T. Rota, and Joshua J. Millspaugh. "Nutritional condition and physiological stress levels of elk in the Black Hills, South Dakota." PeerJ 7 (June 27, 2019): e7185. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7185.

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Percent of body fat and physiological stress are important correlates to wildlife demographics. We studied winter percent of body fat and physiological stress levels for a declining elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) population in South Dakota, 2011–2013. We obtained percent of winter body fat, pregnancy status, lactation status, and physiological stress data from 58 adult females (2+ years old). We compared physiological stress level data from 2011 with data collected from this same herd when elk densities were much higher (1995–1997). Our objectives were to determine percent of body fat during winter, examine if winter body fat was correlated with pregnancy and lactation status, and quantify and compare physiological stress hormone values from elk in the mid-1990s. Probability of being pregnant increased with higher winter nutritional condition, or percent of body fat; whereas females with a higher probability of previously lactating were lower in winter body fat. Mean fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) levels in 2011 (mean = 47.78 ng/g, SE = 2.37) were higher during summer compared to data collected in 1995–1997 (mean = 34.21 ng/g, SE = 3.71); however, mean FGM levels during winter did not differ between the two time periods. Although summer levels of FGM have significantly increased since the mid-1990s, we caution against any interpretation of increased FGM levels on elk fitness, as it may not infer biological significance. Mean winter percent of body fat of elk was lower when compared to other populations in the west but this difference does not appear to be limiting vital rates and population growth for this elk herd. We recommend future research focus on summer/autumn data collection to provide a more comprehensive understanding of percent of body fat for elk in our region.

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Wang, Xinhua, Chengpeng Wan, Xiaoxia Feng, Fuyan Zhao, and Huiming Wang. "In Vivo and In Vitro Analyses of Titanium-Hydroxyapatite Functionally Graded Material for Dental Implants." BioMed Research International 2021 (April 30, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8859945.

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Purpose. The stress shielding effect caused due to the mechanical mismatch between the solid titanium and the surrounding bone tissue warrants the utilization of a mechanically and biologically compatible material such as the titanium-hydroxyapatite (Ti-HA) functionally graded material (FGM) for dental implants. This study is aimed at fabricating a Ti-HA FGM with superior mechanical and biological properties for dental implantation. Materials and Methods. We fabricated a Ti-HA FGM with different Ti volume fractions (VFs) using HA and Ti powders. Ti-HA was characterized by studying its mechanical properties. Cytotoxicity was examined using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and an LDH cell cytotoxicity assay. Scanning electron microscopy was performed on an XL30 environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) expressions were quantitatively monitored using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The expressions of TGF-β receptors and ALP genes were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The Ti-HA FGM dental implants were placed in beagle dogs. Microcomputed tomography (CT) and hard tissue slices were performed to evaluate the bone-implant contact (BIC) and bone volume over total volume (BV/TV). Results. The density and mechanical properties of the Ti-HA exhibited various graded distributions corresponding to VF. Based on the results of the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, the difference in cytotoxicity between the two groups was statistically nonsignificant ( P = 0.11 ). The ALP and TGF-β1 levels were slightly upregulated. The transcript levels of ALP and TGF-βRI were higher in the Ti-HA groups than in the Ti group at 7 days, whereas the transcript levels of TGF-βRII exhibited no obvious increase. The BIC did not exhibit significant differences between the Ti and Ti-HA FGM groups ( P = 0.0504 ). BV/TV showed the Ti-HA FGM group had better osteogenesis ( P = 0.04 ). Conclusion. Ti-HA FGM contributes to the osteogenesis of dental implants in vivo and in vitro.

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Stothart, Mason R., Colleen B. Bobbie, Albrecht I. Schulte-Hostedde, Rudy Boonstra, Rupert Palme, Nadia C. S. Mykytczuk, and Amy E. M. Newman. "Stress and the microbiome: linking glucocorticoids to bacterial community dynamics in wild red squirrels." Biology Letters 12, no. 1 (January 2016): 20150875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0875.

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Bacterial diversity within animals is emerging as an essential component of health, but it is unknown how stress may influence the microbiome. We quantify a proximate link between the oral microbiome and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity using faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) in wild red squirrels ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ). Not only was bacterial diversity lower at higher levels of FGM, but also between capture periods a change in bacterial relative abundance was related to an increase in FGM. These linkages between the HPA axis and microbiome communities represent a powerful capacity for stress to have multi-dimensional effects on health.

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Cook, Kate. "Female Genital Mutilation in the UK Population." Journal of Criminal Law 80, no. 2 (April 2016): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022018316639092.

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This article considers the definition of female genital mutilation (FGM) in the context of United Nations work which aims to end this practice. The piece focuses on the prevalence of FGM in the UK and on legal provisions outlawing cutting in England and Wales. It argues that FGM is now relatively commonplace in the UK and ends with a call for greater public education about FGM and better support for survivors of mutilation. The article begins by looking at international ideas about FGM, drawing on knowledge from UNICEF and considering the realities of the practices carried out on young girls. It is acknowledged that there is a risk of alienating traditions that value cutting, inherent in the western view of FGM as child abuse. Nevertheless, the article argues that FGM must be eradicated. A review of information on the prevalence of FGM in UK populations follows, showing that there are many thousands of women and girl survivors now resident in Britain. FGM has been a criminal offence in England and Wales since the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985. However this legislation proved impractical and it has now been replaced by a Female Genital Mutilation Act in 2003 and that, in turn, is now amended by the Serious Crime Act 2015. An outline of the newer legislations suggests that there are signs of usefulness within the latest amendments. However the article ends with some warnings about the risks of criminalisation without appropriate levels of support and public discussion.

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Mancini, Giulia, Maria Berioli, Elisa Santi, Francesco Rogari, Giada Toni, Giorgia Tascini, Roberta Crispoldi, Giulia Ceccarini, and Susanna Esposito. "Flash Glucose Monitoring: A Review of the Literature with a Special Focus on Type 1 Diabetes." Nutrients 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2018): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10080992.

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In people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), obtaining good glycemic control is essential to reduce the risk of acute and chronic complications. Frequent glucose monitoring allows the adjustment of insulin therapy to improve metabolic control with near-normal blood glucose concentrations. The recent development of innovative technological devices for the management of T1DM provides new opportunities for patients and health care professionals to improve glycemic control and quality of life. Currently, in addition to traditional self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) through a glucometer, there are new strategies to measure glucose levels, including the detection of interstitial glucose through Continuous Glucose Monitoring (iCGM) or Flash Glucose Monitoring (FGM). In this review, we analyze current evidence on the efficacy and safety of FGM, with a special focus on T1DM. FGM is an effective tool with great potential for the management of T1DM both in the pediatric and adult population that can help patients to improve metabolic control and quality of life. Although FGM might not be included in the development of an artificial pancreas and some models of iCGM are more accurate than FGM and preferable in some specific situations, FGM represents a cheaper and valid alternative for selected patients. In fact, FGM provides significantly more data than the intermittent results obtained by SMBG, which may not capture intervals of extreme variability or nocturnal events. With the help of a log related to insulin doses, meal intake, physical activity and stress factors, people can achieve the full benefits of FGM and work together with health care professionals to act upon the information provided by the sensor. The graphs and trends available with FGM better allow an understanding of how different factors (e.g., physical activity, diet) impact glycemic control, consequently motivating patients to take charge of their health.

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Katz, Itamar, Rachel Sanders, Maria Nadia Carvalho, Howard S. Friedman, Berhanu Legesse, William Winfrey, and Nafissatou Diop. "Cost and impact of scaling up female genital mutilation prevention and care programs: Estimated resource requirements and impact on incidence and prevalence." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): e0244946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244946.

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Purpose SDG 5.3 targets include eliminating harmful practices such as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). Limited information is available about levels of investment needed and realistic estimates of potential incidence change. In this work, we estimate the cost and impact of FGM programs in 31 high burden countries. Methods This analysis combines program data, secondary data analysis, and population-level costing methods to estimate cost and impact of high and moderate scaleup of FGM programs between 2020 and 2030. Cost per person or community reached was multiplied by populations to estimate costs, and regression analysis was used to estimate new incidence rates, which were applied to populations to estimate cases averted. Results Reaching the high-coverage targets for 31 countries by 2030 would require an investment of US$ 3.3 billion. This scenario would avert more than 24 million cases of FGM, at an average cost of US$ 134 per case averted. A moderate-coverage scenario would cost US$ 1.6 billion and avert more than 12 million cases of FGM. However, average cost per case averted hides substantial variation based on country dynamics. The most cost-effective investment would be in countries with limited historic change in FGM incidence, with the average cost per case averted between US$ 3 and US$ 90. The next most effective would be those with high approval for FGM, but a preexisting trend downward, where cost per case averted is estimated at around US$ 240. Interpretation This analysis shows that although data on FGM is limited, we can draw useful findings from population-level surveys and program data to guide resource mobilization and program planning.

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Jones, Laura, Emma Danks, Joanne Clarke, Lailah Alidu, Benjamin Costello, Kate Jolly, Alison Byrne, Meg Fassam-Wright, Pallavi Latthe, and Julie Taylor. "Exploring the views of female genital mutilation survivors, their male partners and healthcare professionals on the timing of deinfibulation surgery and NHS FGM care provision (the FGM Sister Study): protocol for a qualitative study." BMJ Open 9, no. 10 (October 2019): e034140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034140.

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IntroductionFemale genital mutilation (FGM) is a significant global health concern and is likely to become an increasingly important healthcare challenge in destination countries such as the UK owing to rising levels of migration from FGM-affected countries. Currently, there is no consensus on the optimal timing of deinfibulation (opening) surgery for women who have experienced type 3 FGM and care provision remains suboptimal in the UK. This qualitative study aims to explore the views of survivors, male partners and healthcare professionals (HCPs) on the timing of deinfibulation and delivery of NHS FGM services.Methods and analysisA qualitative study, informed by the Sound of Silence conceptual framework, will be undertaken via two work packages (WPs). WP1 will explore views on timing preferences for deinfibulation and NHS FGM services through interviews and discussion groups with FGM survivors (n~50), male partners (n~10) and HCPs (n~50). WP2 will use established techniques via two workshops (community (n~20–25 participants) and national stakeholder (n~30–35 participants)) to synthesise qualitative research findings and inform best practice and policy recommendations around the timing of deinfibulation and NHS FGM care provision. Supported by trained interpreters, data collection will be audio recorded and transcribed. Data will be analysed using the framework method to facilitate a systematic mapping and exploration of qualitative data from multiple sources.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethical approval from the North West Greater Manchester East Research Ethics Committee (18/NW/0498). The outputs for this study will be recommendations for best practice and policy around FGM care provision that reflects the views and preferences of key stakeholders. The findings will be disseminated via conference presentations, peer-reviewed publications, patient groups, third sector organisations and social media.Trial registration numberISRCTN14710507.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fgm levels"

Kennedy, Deniz. "Level Set Methods for Two-Phase Flows with FEM." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-238163.

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Two-phase flows is a branch of multiphase flows. The aim of the project is to implement two different level set methods and analyse and compare the numerical results. The level set method is used in order to represent the behaviour of the interface between two incompressible fluids in a flow. Reinitialization is a method to straighten a distorted shape of the level set function that might be caused by the numerical solution of the convection equation and/or by the complicated fluid velocity fields. The main purpose of reinitialization is to preserve the level set function, and thus the shape of the interface as much as possible throughout the simulation. In order to avoid the oscillations, the stationary weak form is approximated with Galerkin Least Squares (GLS) finite element instead of standard finite element approximation. In order to create the velocity field of the incompressible fluid for the benchmark case, the Stokes equations are solved. The stability has to be measured carefully as it has imbalance between space stability and time stability as well as with the reinitialization. The convergence rates in the numerical results for the both experiment and benchmark cases show that reinitializations usually give a better result. Further researches for this paper could be using another FEM stabilization method, which is other than GLS, in order to solve the stabilization problem in 2D.

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Rexgård, Johanna. "Fem specialpedagogers agerande och reaktioner ur ett gatubyråkratiskt perspektiv." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-27345.

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Målet är att öka kunskapen om hur specialpedagoger kan agera och reagera i sina olika yrkesroller vid möten med olika uppdrag. Denna intervjustudie omfattar fem specialpedagogers möte med fem utvalda uppdrag och dess uppdragsbeskrivningar. De utvalda uppdragen är; Dokumentationsuppdraget, Läroplansuppdraget, Inkluderingsuppdraget, Yrkesuppdraget (speciallärare/specialpedagog) och Elevhälsouppdraget. Specialpedagogernas möten med ovanstående uppdrag är tolkade ur ett gatubyråkratiskt perspektiv, enligt Lipsky´s teori om street-level-bureaucrats. Enligt denna teori betraktas anställda inom offentlig verksamhet som gatubyråkrater, således räknas specialpedagoger som gatubyråkrater (men benämns som specialpedagoger i studien). Fokus i studien är på specialpedagogernas grad av handlingsutrymme och deras identifiering av förbättrings- respektive försämringsfaktorer i de olika uppdragen och vilka yrkesroller specialpedagogerna intar gällande de olika uppdragen. Resultatet visar i korthet att:Dokumentationsuppdraget – upplevs som en förbättringsfaktor och medför ett stort handlingsutrymme, vilket specialpedagogerna själva tagit på sig aktivt och medvetet i sina yrkesroller.Läroplansuppdraget – upplevs enligt specialpedagogerna av eleverna som försämrande men av lärarna som förbättrande. Handlingsutrymmet upplevs som litet i mötet med uppdraget.Inkluderingsuppdraget – upplevs vara starkt beroende av den egna verksamhetens lednings inställning till begreppet. Finns det ett stort handlingsutrymme för specialpedagogerna i samspel med elev/hem/lärare ses uppdraget som förbättrande men diametralt motsatt om handlingsutrymmet är litet.Yrkesuppdraget (speciallärare/specialpedagog) – upplevs som irrelevant då samtliga intervjuade specialpedagoger anser att skolans behov bör avgöra uppdraget – inte yrkesdefinitionen. Stort handlingsutrymme om skolans behov får avgöra och anses då som förbättrande. Litet handlingsutrymme om yrkena hålls för strikt åtskilda eller enbart ena yrkesgruppen finns representerad vilket kan leda till en försämring av den mindre flexibla verksamheten.Elevhälsouppdrag – upplevs som en icke-fråga då samtliga specialpedagoger alltid varit självklara medlemmar däri. Handlingsutrymmets storlek är beroende av elevhälsans organisation och dess mötesstruktur. En försämringsgrad finns inte gällande denna fråga, utan bara olika grader av förbättring.

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Chutný, Pavel. "FEM model ultrazvukového senzoru hladiny oleje." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319563.

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This master’s thesis verifies physical principle of ultrasound in fluids by numerical model. At first, ultrasound study is ment. In second theoretic part, diferent kind of motor oils are described. Next, equations for numerical simulation are presented. In practical part, numerical model of level sensor is examined in well-knowed fluids (water, air). Results of laboratory measurement on topic of ultrasound velocity in oil dependent on temperature are aplicated on numerical model of sensor and optimalized.

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Risslén, Rebecca. "Genome-wide association study to find SNPs associated with circulating levels of the protein FGF-21." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-173011.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer globally. In Sweden, every year over 6000 individuals are diagnosed with CRC making it the fourth most common form of cancer in the country. The symptoms of the disease occur late in its development, therefore diagnosis is often delayed, which has a negative effect on mortality. Once an individual starts to experience symptoms, a colonoscopy is performed to examine the colon and set a diagnosis. However, colonoscopy is straining for the individual and costly for the health care system. Therefore, a complementary risk screening method is needed to help identify high-risk individuals. Two separate studies have shown that individuals who develop CRC also have increased levels of the fibroblast protein (FGF-21). Thus, there is an interest in potentially using FGF-21 as a risk screening marker in a blood test for filtering out the high-risk individuals of colorectal cancer. However, it is not known whether FGF-21 is part of the causal pathway leading to CRC development or only a marker of increased risk. Therefore, more work is needed to better understand the role of FGF-21 in CRC disease. This study represents the first step in identifying if FGF-21 has any causal role in CRC. To do this I have tried to identify single genetic variants (so-called SNPs) in the human DNA that are associated with circulating levels of FGF-21 by conducting a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The genome and protein data used in the GWAS originated from 131 individuals participating in the Västerbotten Intervention Programme. Preliminary results showed no significant SNPs among the study subjects when correcting for multiple tests at a significance level of 5%. Although there were no significant findings I did find several indications of potential associations and the small size of the dataset might explain why they did not reach significance. The analytical pipeline I have created as part of this project will be used in a larger dataset where it will be possible to both verify potential associations from this study and hopefully identify other interesting SNPs. Any confirmed findings will in the future be used in a Mendelian Randomization study where the association between having SNPs that increase your levels of FGF-21 and the risk of CRC will be assessed. If such an association could be confirmed it would indicate that FGF-21 plays a causal role in CRC development.

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Coelho, Luiza Lavocat Galvão de Almeida. "Proposta de modelo de centro de reaproveitamento para veículos leves em fim de vida útil : análise do Distrito Federal." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/24226.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2017.
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Os pioneiros na logística reversa de veículos leves em fim de vida útil foram os Estados Unidos, a União Europeia e o Japão. Em seguida, diversos outros países desenvolveram os seus próprios modelos de sucesso. No Brasil, a recente Lei 12.977/ 2014 foi a primeira a abordar, em âmbito nacional, os veículos leves em fim de vida útil e ainda está em processo de implementação nos estados, dos quais o de São Paulo é o que já possui resultados positivos. De toda forma, os modelos anteriores não são adequados às condições restritas do estágio inicial das empresas atuantes no Distrito Federal. Sendo assim, o objetivo dessa dissertação foi propor um modelo de centro de reaproveitamento de veículos em fim de vida útil para essa localidade, tendo em vista as boas práticas, as legislações aplicáveis e a realidade observada. Complementarmente ao modelo, foi ilustrada a estrutura do problema em um diagrama do laço causal para compressão das variáveis chaves e do possível controle de dados para tomada de decisão quantitativa em seus estágios posteriores. Dessa maneira, ambos – modelo e diagrama – podem orientar as empresas a se adaptarem para melhor realização das suas atividades e, consequentemente, auxiliar o órgão executivo de trânsito (DETRAN-DF) no registro, controle e fiscalização dessas empresas. Assim, eles fornecem uma contribuição para um processo de desenvolvimento, implementação e aprimoramento gradual do mercado de reaproveitamento de veículos.
The pioneers in the reverse logistics of end-of-life light vehicles were the United States, the European Union, and Japan. Afterwards, several other countries have developed their own successful models. In Brazil, the recent Law n˚ 12.977/2014 was the first one to approach, at the national level, end-of-life light vehicles and is still in the process of implementation in all states, with São Paulo already reporting positive results. In any case, the previous models are not suited to the strict conditions of the early stage companies operating in the Federal District. Therefore, the goal of this dissertation was proposing a reuse center model for end-of-life vehicles for this location considering good practices, the applicable legislation, and the observed reality. In addition to the model, the structure of the problem was illustrated in a causal loop diagram for compression of key variables, and possible survey and data control for quantitative decision making in its later stages. That way, they both – model and diagram - can guide companies to adapt in order to better perform their activities and, as a result, assist the transport executive agency (DETRANDF) in the registry, control, and inspection of these companies. Thus, they contribute to the process of development, implementation, and gradual improvement of the vehicles reuse market.

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Beuchler, Sven. "Multi-level solver for degenerated problems with applications to p-versions of the fem." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10673667.

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Patel, Vaidehi. "Effects of Early Life Neglect on Cocaine use during adolescence and subsequent effect on FGF-2 levels in adulthood." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1588276506770239.

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Andersson, Ewa, and Tomas Grysell. "Nöjd, klar och duktig : Studenter på fem utbildningar om studieframgång." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-16565.

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This thesis addresses the significance of the concept of study success in higher education from the perspective of students at five university programs; Business Administration and Economics, Engineering Physics, Medical Education, Social Work and Teacher Education for Upper Secondary Level. The thesis is based on data from three studies conducted between, spring 1993 and autumn 1996. A questionnaire was distributed to all the students enrolled in autumn 1992 to the five programs, regarding students' paths to the university, how they perceived their university studies, and their plans for the future. Fifty-nine of the students were then selected from the five university programs and interviewed on two different occasions. The first interview, conducted mainly during the autumn term of 1993, focused on the respondent's path to the university studies and on different aspects of their lives as students. For a majority of the students, the second interview was conducted about one year later. This interview focused on how the students perceived study success: what was considered to be a good study result, and the characteristics of successful and unsuccessful students. The students were also asked to describe an occasion when they felt successful and unsuccessful, respectively. The results indicate that there is little congruence between the students' perception of study success and that expressed in many public reforms and policies in Sweden. Furthermore, there are both similarities and differences in students' views across the programs. The students at the five programs seemed to relate study success mainly to aspects of Achievement, Process/Strategy, and Comprehension, while aspects related to Personal Growth or Future/Occupation were rarely mentioned. When comparing students' views in the five university programs, the results indicate that an Achievement oriented view dominated among the students in Business Administration and Economics, and Engineering Physics. The students in Engineering Physics and Social Work were more oriented towards Process or Strategy aspects of study success than the students in the other programs. Personal Growth was emphasised as an important aspect only by the Social Work students. Furthermore, students in Social Work and Medical Education were more oriented towards Comprehension than the others. The students in Medical Education and Teacher Education related study success to Future/Occupation to a higher degree that the others. The views on study success seem mainly to be related to aspects in the learning environment, in particular the way the university studies are organised, the examination and grading system, and the contact with the profession. Different recruitment patterns, and the impact of upper secondary education may also be of importance. Influences from the students' prior experiences and their life outside their studies cannot be excluded. Furthermore, the results indicate gender differences. The women seem to view study success in terms of Comprehension, while the men are more oriented towards Achievement. An additional analysis within the categories indicated that the male students seemed to be more self-confident and self-reliant while the female students expressed a more pessimistic view. Furthermore, while the male students view an unsuccessful student only in relation to the individual in question, the female students' view involved the negative consequences of the student's behaviour for other people.
digitalisering@umu

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Bonfils, Nicolas. "Traitement des contraintes d'inégalité volumiques dans un milieu continu par la méthode X-FEM et level-set." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDN0028.

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On retrouve des contraintes d'inégalité dans différents problèmes mécaniques (contact entre autres). Le principal problème que l'on rencontre est la résolution d'une inégalité variationnelle, la zone où la contrainte est active n'étant pas connue a priori. Il s'agit de proposer une nouvelle méthode de résolution des problèmes de contraintes d'inégalités dans un milieu continu en cherchant de manière itérative la forme de la zone contrainte, devenue maintenant une inconnue du problème. A l'aide d'outils numériques, comme la méthode X-FEM et les level-set, on transforme le problème de minimisation sous contraintes en un problème d'équilibre de forme
Some mechanical problems involve inequality kinematic constraint. This study deals with an original approach to handle those difficult problems. The main issue is the treatment of the variational inequalities due to the fact that the constrained area is a priori unknown. The method, introduced here,is to find the exact constrained area iteratively starting from an initial trial one. Thanks to numerical tools such as level-set and X-FEM we turn the constrained minimization problem into a shape equilibrium problem

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Borowczak, Mike. "Side channel attack resistance| Migrating towards high level methods." Thesis, University of Cincinnati, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3601397.

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Our world is moving towards ubiquitous networked computing with unstoppable momentum. With technology available at our every finger tip, we expect to connect quickly, cheaply, and securely on the sleekest devices. While the past four decades of design automation research has focused on making integrated circuits smaller, cheaper and quicker the past decade has drawn more attention towards security. Though security within the scope of computing is a large domain, the focus of this work is on the elimination of computationally based power byproducts from high-level device models down to physical designs and implementations The scope of this dissertation is within the analysis, attack and protection of power based side channels. Research in the field concentrates on determining, masking and/or eliminating the sources of data dependent information leakage within designs. While a significant amount of research is allocated to reducing this leakage at low levels of abstraction, significantly less research effort has gone into higher levels of abstraction. This dissertation focuses on both ends of the design spectrum while motivating the future need for hierarchical side channel resistance metrics for hardware designs. Current low level solutions focus on creating perfectly balanced standard cells through various straight-forward logic styles. Each of these existing logic styles, while enhancing side channel resistance by reducing the channels' variance, come at significant design expense in terms of area footprint, power consumption, delay and even logic style structure. The first portion of this proposal introduces a universal cell based on a dual multiplexer, implemented using a pass-transistor logic which approaches and exceeds some standard cell cost benchmarks. The proposed cell and circuit level methods shows significant improvements in security metrics over existing cells and approaches standard CMOS cell and circuit performance by reducing area, power consumption and delay. While most low level works stop at the cell level, this work also investigates the impact of environmental factors on security. On the other end of the design spectrum, existing secure architecture and algorithm research attempts to mask side channels through random noise, variable timing, instruction reordering and other similar methods. These methods attempt to obfuscate the primary source of information with side channels. Unfortunately, in most cases, the techniques are still susceptible to attack - of those with promise, most are algorithm specific. This dissertation approaches high-level security by eliminating the relationship between high level side channel models and the side channels themselves. This work discusses two different solutions targeting architecture level protection. The first, deals with the protection of Finite State Machines, while the seconds deals with protection of a class of cryptographic algorithms using Feedback Shift Registers. This dissertation includes methods for reducing the power overhead of any FSM circuit (secured or not). The solutions proposed herein render potential side channel models moot by eliminating or reducing the model's data dependent variability. Designers unwilling to compromise on a doubling of area can include some sub-optimal security to their devices.

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Books on the topic "Fgm levels"

Lyubarskiy, Yuriy, and Aleksandr Hrennikov. Intelligent electrical networks: computer support for dispatching solutions. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1134516.

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For" smart " electric networks, intelligent software tools that perform new functions and increase the level of computer support for dispatching solutions are considered. Given that one of the goals of building "smart" networks is to ensure recovery after accidents, the main focus of the textbook is on the problems of diagnosing emergency situations, intelligent monitoring of the state of electrical networks, and planning for the post-accident restoration of power supply. A new type of software simulator for dispatchers of electrical networks — a simulator for analyzing emergency situations-is considered in detail. The theoretical material is accompanied by many examples in the form of protocols for the operation of real intelligent systems. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of electric power specialties, managers and specialists of operational services of enterprises of power systems, electric and distribution networks and power stations, branches of PJSC ROSSETI, PJSC FGC UES, as well as students of advanced training courses.

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O'Connor, Brian. Robustness. Edited by Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.19.

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This article examines the effectiveness of the Five Factor Model (FFM) in capturing or duplicating the scales and primary dimensions found in other personality inventories. It considers the robustness—or “comprehensiveness”—of the FFM at both the scale and dimensional structure levels, as well as the nature and extent of the evidence for the FFM as an integrative, organizational framework for other personality tests. “Robustness” here refers to the tendency for the FFM dimensions to keep showing up in a wide range of old and new measures that were designed to assess supposedly unique and important other constructs. This article begins with a review of the primary findings that were reported by O’Connor (2002) before discussing the nature of dimensions in personality psychology data. It then evaluates the robustness of the FFM at the dimensional structure level and suggests directions for further research at the scale and dimensional structure levels.

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Allik, Jüri, and Anu Realo. Universal and Specific in the Five Factor Model of Personality. Edited by Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.23.

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Personality psychologists—perhaps even more than in some other disciplines—are deeply interested in what is common to personality descriptions in all cultures and societies. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the potential universality of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of general personality structure. The chapter begins with a discussion of what is meant, or should be meant, by a universal. Discussed then is the empirical support, as well as the conceptual and empirical difficulty, in establishing universality in personality structure, for the FFM as well as other dimensional models. The chapter then considers different levels of analysis (including cultural and intraindividual analyses), higher-order invariants (including sex differences, age differences, and differences in perspective), and whether mean levels are universal. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the basis for personality universals, as well as addressing the common challenges to universality.

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Bardin, Thomas, and Tilman Drüeke. Renal osteodystrophy. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0149.

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Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a term that encompasses the various consequences of chronic kidney disease (CKD) for the bone. It has been divided into several entities based on bone histomorphometry observations. ROD is accompanied by several abnormalities of mineral metabolism: abnormal levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D metabolites, alkaline phosphatases, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and klotho, which all have been identified as cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CKD. ROD can presently be schematically divided into three main types by histology: (1) osteitis fibrosa as the bony expression of secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHP), which is a high bone turnover disease developing early in CKD; (2) adynamic bone disease (ABD), the most frequent type of ROD in dialysis patients, which is at present most often observed in the absence of aluminium intoxication and develops mainly as a result of excessive PTH suppression; and (3) mixed ROD, a combination of osteitis fibrosa and osteomalacia whose prevalence has decreased in the last decade. Laboratory features include increased serum levels of PTH and bone turnover markers such as total and bone alkaline phosphatases, osteocalcin, and several products of type I collagen metabolism products. Serum phosphorus is increased only in CKD stages 4-5. Serum calcium levels are variable. They may be low initially, but hypercalcaemia develops in case of severe sHP. Serum 25-OH-vitamin D (25OHD) levels are generally below 30 ng/mL, indicating vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency. The international KDIGO guideline recommends serum PTH levels to be maintained in the range of approximately 2-9 times the upper normal normal limit of the assay and to intervene only in case of significant changes in PTH levels. It is generally recommended that calcium intake should be up to 2 g per day including intake with food and administration of calcium supplements or calcium-containing phosphate binders. Reduction of serum phosphorus towards the normal range in patients with endstage kidney failure is a major objective. Once sHP has developed, active vitamin D derivatives such as alfacalcidol or calcitriol are indicated in order to halt its progression.

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Publishing, Cool Goodplan Gift. Retail Salespeople - My Level of Sarcasm Depends on Your Level of Stupidity: A Funny Gift Notebook for Retail Salespeople, Birthday Gift Idea for Retail Salespeople, Appreciation Notebook Journal for Writing and Note Taking for Friends, Coworkers and Fam. Independently Published, 2020.

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Paiva, Paulo. Um presente para você: Felicidade - empodere-se | sinta-se | mergulhe. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-099-1.

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O livro Um PRESENTE pra você: FELICIDADE, propõe uma leitura leve e fluída para desmistificação da felicidade como fim ou forma, com o objetivo de experenciá-la de diversas formas, com rotinas e práticas que levam a satisfação, a criação de metodologias próprias com exercícios diários e assim, identificar fontes de satisfação no que é ordinário, para que ele se torne extraordinário. Contudo, o caminho todo é de autoconhecimento, identificação de particularidade não comparáveis e atividades propostas que unem a leitura off-line a experiências online por meio de QR code gerando experiências mescladas como hoje se usa o celular como segunda tela de qualquer fonte de conhecimento. A obra deve tecer ideias genéricas humanas, junto à exemplos particulares e assim deve ser um estimula para presentear alguém ou ser um objeto de desejo como apoio no dia a dia. É um livro sobre felicidade, nua e crua, como essencialmente existe. Uma descoberta de dentro pra fora que pode libertar muitas pessoas da culpa ou peso de não se conhecer profundamente.

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Peña, Aris Verdecia. Tópicos nas Ciências da Saúde Volume III. Pantanal Editora, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46420/9786588319253.

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A Editora Pantanal em seu 3º Volume do E-book “Tópicos nas ciências da saúde”, com seis capítulos traz novos temas no atuar da medicina. A obra, vem a materializar o anseio da Editora Pantanal na divulgação de resultados, que contribuem de modo direto no desenvolvimento e saúde humana. No primeiro capitulo o trabalho nos apresenta uma patologia que, embora muitos pensem que não é comum, tem grande impacto em nossa população mundial. A frequência desta patologia na década de 80 - 90 foi de 2 - 4 x 10.000 habitantes, porém com estudos atuais e levando em consideração não apenas o transtorno autista, mas todos os transtornos generalizados do desenvolvimento ou TEA (sigla em inglês), nesse novo cenário as estimativas aumentam de 21 para 35 x 10.000 habitantes. Com uma intervenção comportamental intensiva precoce, terapia cognitivo-confuctual e treinamento em habilidades sociais, obteve-se que em alguns casos leves os sintomas desaparecem, razão pela qual o diagnóstico precoce e o apoio incondicional da família são necessários; tudo isso refletido em nosso primeiro tópico. Em seguida, nosso pequeno volume faz uma incursão no campo das vitaminas que, como muitos estudiosos sabem, há um total de 13 vitaminas classificadas em dois grupos, solúveis em água (8 do complexo B e vitamina C) e quatro solúveis em gordura; A; D; E e K, que desempenham um papel fundamental no nosso organismo porque participam nos processos e reações que nele ocorrem e é importante não só tomá-los na forma de comprimidos, mas também incorporá-los através de uma alimentação equilibrada, saudável e saudável, para mim sobretudo a fonte da juventude porque atrasa o envelhecimento devido à sua ação antioxidante, aqui mostramos vários deles nas suas diferentes funções. Por fim, encerramos nosso livro com a apresentação de um caso onde mostramos que não é importante apenas tratar o somático, mas fazer um diagnóstico psicossocial do indivíduo se quisermos obter bons resultados em nossa prática profissional. Agradecemos aos autores pela dedicação e os encorajamos a continuar colaborando em nosso projeto. Aos autores dos capítulos, pela dedicação e esforços sem limites, que viabilizaram esta obra que retrata os recentes avanços científicos e tecnológicos na área de Ciências da Saúde, os agradecimentos da Organizadora e da Pantanal Editora. Por fim, esperamos que este e-book possa colaborar e instigar mais estudantes e pesquisadores na constante busca de novas tecnologias e avanços para a medicina. Assim, garantir uma difusão de conhecimento fácil, rápido para a sociedade. Aris Verdecia Peña

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Orientación estratégica para enfermería en la Región de las Américas. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275320723.

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[Resumen Ejecutivo]. Este documento presenta orientaciones estratégicas para el avance y el fortalecimiento de la enfermería en los sistemas y servicios de salud de acuerdo con las siguientes líneas de acción: 1. Fortalecer y consolidar el liderazgo y la gestión estratégica de la enfermería en el contexto de los sistemas de salud y en la formulación y monitoreo de políticas. 2. Abordar las condiciones de trabajo y las capacidades de los enfermeros y enfermeras para expandir el acceso y la cobertura con equidad y calidad, a fin de promover un modelo de atención centrado en las personas, la familia y las comunidades y el fortalecimiento tanto del primer nivel de atención como de las redes integradas de servicios de salud. 3. Fortalecer la calidad de la educación en enfermería para responder las necesidades de los sistemas de salud orientados al acceso universal a la salud y la cobertura universal de salud y los ODS. [Resumo Executivo]. Este documento apresenta orientações estratégicas para o avanço e fortalecimento da enfermagem nos sistemas e serviços de saúde, de acordo com as seguintes linhas de ação: 1. Fortalecer e consolidar a liderança e a gestão estratégica da enfermagem no contexto dos sistemas de saúde e na formulação e monitoramento de políticas. 2. Abordar as condições de trabalho e as capacidades dos profissionais de enfermagem de modo a ampliar o acesso e a cobertura com equidade e qualidade, a fim de promover um modelo de atenção centrado na pessoa, na família e na comunidade e fortalecer tanto o primeiro nível de atenção como as redes integradas de serviços de saúde. 3. Fortalecer a qualidade da educação em enfermagem para responder às necessidades dos sistemas de saúde voltados ao acesso universal à saúde, à cobertura universal de saúde e aos ODS. [Executive Summary[. This document provides strategic guidance for the advancement and strengthening of nursing in health systems and services, along the following lines of action: 1. Strengthening and consolidating leadership and strategic management of nursing in the context of health systems and in policy-making and monitoring. 2. Addressing the working conditions and capacities of nurses to expand access and coverage with equity and quality, in order to promote a people-, family-, and community-centered model of care and strengthen both the primary level of care and integrated health services networks. 3. Improving the quality of nursing education to respond to the needs of health systems focused on universal access to health, universal health coverage, and the SDGs.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fgm levels"

Pham, Dung Ngoc. "Profiling General-Purpose Fast Multipole Method (FMM) Using Human Head Topology." In Brain and Human Body Modeling 2020, 347–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45623-8_21.

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AbstractIn this study, we characterize the performance of the fast multipole method (FMM) in solving the Laplace and Helmholtz equations. We use the FMM library developed by the group of Dr. L. Greengard. This version of the FMM algorithm is multilayer with no priori limit on the number of levels of the FMM tree, although, after about thirty levels, there may be floating point issues. A collection of high-resolution human head models is used as test objects. We perform a detailed analysis of the runtime and memory consumption of the FMM in a wide range of frequencies, problem sizes, and precisions required. Although we focus on two-manifold test cases, the results are generalizable to other topologies as well. The tests are conducted on both Windows and Linux platforms. The results obtained in this study can serve as a general benchmark for the performance of FMM. It can also be employed to pre-estimate the efficiency of numerical modeling methods (e.g., the boundary element method) accelerated by FMM.

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Cunha, Alcino, José Nuno Oliveira, and Joost Visser. "Type-Safe Two-Level Data Transformation." In FM 2006: Formal Methods, 284–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11813040_20.

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Płażek, J., K. Banaś, J. Kitowski, and K. Boryczko. "Exploiting two-level parallelism in FEM applications." In High-Performance Computing and Networking, 272–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0031600.

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Djoudi, Adel, Sébastien Bardin, and Éric Goubault. "Recovering High-Level Conditions from Binary Programs." In FM 2016: Formal Methods, 235–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48989-6_15.

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Zheng, Chaowei, Xun Weng, Zhiyuan Su, and Zhijun Zhuang. "Based on FCM Disaster Area Management at Different Levels." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 115–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44674-4_11.

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Herkersdorf, Andreas, Michael Engel, Michael Glaß, Jörg Henkel, Veit B. Kleeberger, Johannes M. Kühn, Peter Marwedel, et al. "RAP Model—Enabling Cross-Layer Analysis and Optimization for System-on-Chip Resilience." In Dependable Embedded Systems, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52017-5_1.

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AbstractThe Resilience Articulation Point (RAP) model aims to provision a probabilistic fault abstraction and error propagation concept for various forms of variability related faults in deep sub-micron CMOS technologies at the semiconductor material or device levels. RAP assumes that each of such physical faults will eventually manifest as a single- or multi-bit binary signal inversion or out-of-specification delay in a signal transition between bit values. When probabilistic error functions for specific fault origins are known at the bit or signal level, knowledge about the unit of design and its environment allow the transformation of the bit-related error functions into characteristic higher layer representations, such as error functions for data words, finite state machine (FSM) states, IP macro-interfaces, or software variables. Thus, design concerns can be investigated at higher abstraction layers without the necessity to further consider the full details of lower levels of design. This chapter introduces the ideas of RAP based on examples of particle strike, noise and voltage drop induced bit errors in SRAM cells. Furthermore, we show by different examples how probabilistic bit flips are systematically abstracted and propagated towards instruction and data vulnerability at MPSoC architecture level, and how RAP can be applied for dynamic testing and application-level optimizations in an autonomous robot scenario.

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Bencheva, Gergana, Ivan Georgiev, and Svetozar Margenov. "Two-Level Preconditioning of Crouzeix-Raviart Anisotropic FEM Systems." In Large-Scale Scientific Computing, 76–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24588-9_7.

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Masiak, Christian, Christian Fisch, and Jörn H. Block. "What Drives the Intellectual Property Output of High-Tech Firms? Regional- and Firm-Level Factors." In FGF Studies in Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 157–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73509-2_8.

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Mukherjee, Rajdeep, Saurabh Joshi, Andreas Griesmayer, Daniel Kroening, and Tom Melham. "Equivalence Checking of a Floating-Point Unit Against a High-Level C Model." In FM 2016: Formal Methods, 551–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48989-6_33.

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Duysinx, Pierre, Laurent Van Miegroet, Thibault Jacobs, and Claude Fleury. "Generalized Shape Optimization Using X-FEM and Level Set Methods." In Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, 23–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4752-5_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fgm levels"

Smith, W. C., T. J. Jewett, S. Sampath, W. D. Swank, and J. R. Fincke. "Plasma Processing of Functionally Graded Materials Part I: Process Diagnostics." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0599.

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Abstract An investigation into the dependency of the formation of functionally graded materials (FGMs) on process variables was carried out. The initial stage of the investigation involved a complete analysis of the plasma spray parameters used in the fabrication of an FGM constructed of NiCrAlY and partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ). In flight particle temperature, velocity and trajectory data were gathered for individual powders, as well as mixtures of the particle species, over a range of spray parameters. This data was combined with material specific properties such as flowability, apparent density, particle morphology and size distribution. The end result of the studies allowed for size matching of the particle species so as to ensure both species were molten at the nominal spray distance and possessed coincident impact velocities. Following the initial investigation, two spray conditions were selected for further analysis. Individual layers of specific powder mixture ratios were deposited as well as a complete FGM structure. The resulting structures were then compared based on their deposition efficiencies, porosity levels, compositional homogeneity and microstructures.

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Shrivastava, Sourabh, Ishan Verma, Rakesh Yadav, Pravin Nakod, and Stefano Orsino. "Comparison of Performance of Flamelet Generated Manifold Model With That of Finite Rate Combustion Model for Hydrogen Blended Flames." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-60232.

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Abstract International Air Transport Association (IATA) sets a 50% reduction in 2005 CO2 emissions levels by 2050, with no increase in net emissions after 2020 [1]. The association also expects the global aviation demand to double to 8.2 billion passengers per year by 2037. These issues have prompted the aviation industry to focus intensely on adopting sustainable aviation fuels (SAF). Further, reduction in CO2 emission is also an active area of research for land-based power generation gas turbine engines. And fuels with high hydrogen content or hydrogen blends are regarded as an essential part of future power plants. Therefore, clean hydrogen and other hydrogen-based fuels are expected to play a critical role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the future. However, the massive difference in hydrogen’s physical properties compared to hydrocarbon fuels, ignition, and flashback issues are some of the major concerns, and a detailed understanding of hydrogen combustion characteristics for the conditions at which gas turbines operate is needed. Numerical combustion analyses can play an essential role in exploring the combustion performance of hydrogen as an alternative gas turbine engine fuel. While several combustion models are available in the literature, two of the most preferred models in recent times are the flamelet generated manifold (FGM) model and finite-rate (FR) combustion model. FGM combustion model is computationally economical compared to the detailed/reduced chemistry modeling using a finite-rate combustion model. Therefore, this paper aims to understand the performance of the FGM model compared to detailed chemistry modeling of turbulent flames with different levels of hydrogen blended fuels. In this paper, a detailed comparison of different combustion characteristics like temperature, species, flow, and NOx distribution using FGM and finite rate combustion models is presented for three flame configurations, including the DLR Stuttgart jet flame [2], Bluff body stabilized Sydney HM1 flame [3] and dry-low-NOx hydrogen micro-mix combustion chamber [4]. One of the FGM model’s essential parameters is to select a suitable definition of the reaction progress variable. The reaction progress variable should monotonically increase from the unburnt region to the burnt region. The definition is first studied using a 1D premixed flame with different blend ratios and then used for the actual cases. 2D/3D simulations for the identified flames are performed using FGM and finite rate combustion models. Numerical results from both these models are compared with the available experimental data to understand FGM’s applicability. The results show that the FGM model performs reasonably well for pure hydrogen and hydrogen blended flames.

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Keum, Seunghwan, Ronald O. Grover, Casper Meijer, and Ferry Tap. "CFD Modelling of Partial Fuel Stratification Combustion Using Detailed Fuel Surrogate Models and Tabulated Chemistry." In ASME 2017 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2017-3632.

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With ever more stringent emissions and performance regulations, more emphasis and efforts have been made in accurate modeling of the combustion process and engine-out emissions in engine development. However, accurate modeling of the combustion process requires detailed chemistry. Highly detailed mechanisms typically include hundreds of species and thousands of reactions, and solution of such reaction set has been one of the largest bottlenecks in numerical modeling of the IC engine with CFD. Typically, the accuracy in chemistry modeling is sacrificed by reducing the mechanism size for the sake of computational efficiency. In this study, a lookup-table based approach is applied for modeling the combustion process in an HCCI engine. Instead of solving chemistry on-the-fly during the CFD simulations, the chemistry is solved for possible combination of thermodynamic and mixing conditions. The turbulence-chemistry interaction is considered using a flamelet approach. Then, the solution is stored in a table, such that chemistry information can be retrieved during the CFD simulation. The lookup-table method, referred to as Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM), provides significant runtime reduction in CFD simulations with high fidelity chemistry modeling. The FGM model was applied to a canonical HCCI experiment from Sandia National Laboratory. The experiment examined the effect of different levels of fuel stratification on ignition and combustion of a gasoline HCCI engine. The different levels of stratification were generated by controlling the amount of directly injected fuel. This case has been highly challenging for modeling using traditional modeling approaches. With FGM, it was possible to use the most detailed reaction mechanism to describe the chemistry as completely as one can. The effect of different surrogates on modeling results was investigated as well. It was found that the one proposed by Gauthier showed the most promising results in reproducing the highly complicated combustion with partial fuel stratification.

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Fang, Xiaohang, Riyaz Ismail, Martin H. Davy, and Joseph Camm. "Numerical Studies of Combustion Recession on ECN Diesel Spray A." In ASME 2018 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2018-9597.

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It is known that low-temperature combustion (LTC) strategies can help simultaneously reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions from diesel engines to very low levels. However, it is also known that LTC may cause emissions of unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) to rise — especially in low load operating conditions. Recent studies indicate that end-of-injection (EOI) processes may support ignition recession back to injector nozzle thereby helping to reduce these emissions. This paper contributes to the physical understanding of this EOIphe-nomenon, combustion recession, using computational fluid dynamics studies at LTC conditions. Simulations are performed on a single-hole injection of n-dodecane under a range of Engine Combustion Network’s “Spray A” conditions. The primary objective of this paper is to assess the ability of a Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) combustion model to predict and characterize combustion recession. First, a baseline condition FGM simulation is compared with two other combustion models namely the Well Stirred model (WSR), the Representative Interactive Flamelet model (RIF) using the commercially-available CFD solver, CONVERGE. Further studies were carried out for FGM model alone including: varying ambient temperature conditions and chemical mechanisms. Two chemical kinetics mechanisms with low temperature chemistry for n-dodecane are employed to help to predict the occurrence of combustion recession. All simulations are performed under the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) framework in a grid-converged Lagrangian spray scenario. The simulation of combustion recession is qualitatively validated against experimental data from literature and the efficacy of each model in predicting combustion recession is evaluated. Overall, it was found that the FGM model was able to capture the combustion recession phenomenon well — showing particular strength in predicting distinct auto-ignition events in the near nozzle region.

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Patwardhan, Saurabh, Pravin Nakod, Stefano Orsino, Rakesh Yadav, Fang Xu, and Vishwas Verma. "Prediction of CO Emission Index for Aviation Gas Turbine Combustor Using Flamelet Generated Manifold Combustion Model." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59538.

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Abstract Carbon monoxide (CO) has been identified as one of the regulated pollutants and gas turbine manufacturers target to reduce the CO emission from their gas turbine engines. CO forms primarily when carbonous fuels are not burnt completely, or products of combustion are quenched before completing the combustion. Numerical simulations are effective tools that allow a better understanding of the mechanisms of CO formation in gas turbine engines and are useful in evaluating the effect of different parameters like swirl, fuel atomization, mixing etc. on the overall CO emission for different engine conditions like idle, cruise, approach and take off. In this paper, a thorough assessment of flamelet generated manifold (FGM) combustion model is carried out to predict the qualitative variation and magnitude of CO emission index with the different configurations of a Honeywell test combustor operating with liquid fuel under idle condition, which is the more critical engine condition for CO emission. The different designs of the test combustor are configured in such a way that they yield different levels of CO and hence are ideal to test the accuracy of the combustion model. Large eddy simulation (LES) method is used for capturing the turbulence accurately along with the FGM combustion model that is computationally economical compared to the detailed/reduced chemistry modeling using finite rate combustion model. Liquid fuel spray breakup is modeled using stochastic secondary droplet (SSD) model. Four different configurations of the aviation gas turbine combustor are studied in this work referring to earlier work by Xu et al. [1]. It is shown that the FGM model can predict CO trends accurately. The other global parameters like exit temperature, NOx emissions, pattern factor also show reasonable agreement with the test data. The sensitivity of the CO prediction to the liquid fuel droplet breakup model parameters is also studied in this work. Although the trend of CO variation is captured for different values of breakup parameters, the absolute magnitude of CO emission index differs significantly with the change in the values of breakup parameters suggesting that the spray has a larger impact on the quantitative prediction of CO emission. An accurate prediction of CO trends at idle conditions using FGM model extends the applicability of FGM model to predict different engine operating conditions for different performance criteria accurately.

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Bianchini, C., R. Da Soghe, A. Andreini, V. Anisimov, A. Bulli, F. Dacca’, and S. Rizzo. "CFD Investigation of a Lean Premixed Burner Redesign for High Hydrogen Content Syngas Operation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42479.

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The continuous challenge to develop more efficient and cleaner combustion systems for energy production, promotes the exploitation of traditional fossil fuels in alternative energy cycles capable of abating pollutant emissions. Integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology for instance permits to convert standard coal and other carbon based fuels into hydrogen-rich syngas. These gases are generally used to fuel standard gas turbine engines typically designed for natural gas combustion. Due to the increased propensity to flashback with high hydrogen content, lean premixed burners usually need a specific redesign to ensure adequate flow velocity at the burner exit section so as to extend lean blow out limits. However design practices for flashback prevention are far from being established especially for these unconventional fuels and it is therefore of interest to rely on CFD analysis to establish flame stabilization process and to predict incipient flashback. The purpose of this work is to assess the accuracy and reliability of a CFD methodology to describe the flame anchoring process and exhaust pollutant emissions in a high hydrogen syngas version of a standard swirled lean premixed burner which has been tested in a tubular test rig. Considered numerical setup is based on the use of the Flamelet-Generated Manifolds (FGM) method which is a good choice to combine computational efficiency and detailed chemistry modelling. This work aims at providing a first assessment of the FGM model as implemented in Fluent v15 in the framework of RANS turbulence approach. Four different operating conditions at increasing pressure levels are tested and a detailed sensitivity analysis of the combustion model is provided exploring flamelet generation parameters, turbulence-chemistry interaction closures and methods to assign progress variable variance. A specifically developed detailed chemical mechanism for H2 was implemented and used to verify NOx emission predicting capabilities of three alternative methods: lookup table generated integrating with presumed PDF, automatic reactor network model based on CFD aero-thermal solution and Fluent native NOx model. Obtained results are validated against available experimental data.

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Shin, Ki-Hoon. "FEA-Based Design of Heterogeneous Objects." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99295.

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Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is an important step for the design of structures or components formed by heterogeneous objects such as multi-materials, Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs), etc. The main objective of the FEA-based design of heterogeneous objects is to simultaneously optimize both geometry and material distribution over the design domain (e.g., Homogenization Design Method). However, the accuracy of the FEA-based design wholly depends on the quality of the finite element models. Therefore, there exists an increasing need for generating finite element models adaptive to both geometric complexity and material distribution. This paper introduces a method for FEA-based design of heterogeneous objects. At the design stage, a heterogeneous solid model is first created by referring to the libraries of primary materials and composition functions that are already available in the field of material science. The heterogeneous solid model is then discretized into an object model onto which appropriate material properties are mapped. Discretization converts continuous material variations inside an object into stepwise variations. Next, the object model is adaptively meshed and converted into a finite element model. The meshing algorithm first creates nodes on the iso-material curves (or surfaces) of heterogeneous solid models. Triangular (or tetrahedral) meshes are then generated inside each iso-material region formed by iso-material curves (or surfaces). FEA using commercial software is finally performed to estimate stress levels. This FEA-based design cycle is repeated until a satisfactory solution is obtained. If the design objective is satisfactory, the object model is fed to the fabrication system where a process planning is performed to create instructions for LM machines. An example (FGM pressure vessel) is shown to illustrate the entire FEA-based design cycle.

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Abbasi-Atibeh, Ehsan, Sandeep Jella, and Jeffrey M. Bergthorson. "Fuel Variation Effects in Propagation and Stabilization of Turbulent Counter-Flow Premixed Flames." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-77139.

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Sensitivity to stretch and differential diffusion of chemical species are known to influence premixed flame propagation, even in the turbulent environment where mass diffusion can be greatly enhanced. In this context, it is convenient to characterize flames by their Lewis number (Le), a ratio of thermal-to-mass diffusion. The work reported in this paper describes a study of flame stabilization characteristics when the Le is varied. The test data is comprised of Le ≪ 1 (Hydrogen), Le ≈ 1 (Methane), and Le > 1 (Propane) flames stabilized at various turbulence levels. The experiments were carried out in a Hot exhaust Opposed-flow Turbulent Flame Rig (HOTFR), which consists of two axially-opposed, symmetric turbulent round jets. The stagnation plane between the two jets allows the aerodynamic stabilization of a flame, and clearly identifies fuel influences on turbulent flames. Furthermore, high-speed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), using oil droplet seeding, allowed simultaneous recordings of velocity (mean and rms) and flame surface position. These experiments, along with data processing tools developed through this study, illustrated that in the mixtures with Le ≪ 1, turbulent flame speed increases considerably compared to the laminar flame speed due to differential diffusion effects, where higher burning rates compensate for the steepening average velocity gradient, and keeps these flames almost stationary as bulk flow velocity increases. These experiments are suitable for validating the ability of turbulent combustion models to predict lifted, aerodynamically-stabilized flames. In the final part of this paper, we model the three fuels at two turbulence intensities using the FGM model in a RANS context. Computations reveal that the qualitative flame stabilization trends reproduce the effects of turbulence intensity, however, more accurate predictions are required to capture the influences of fuel variations and differential diffusion.

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Faizan, A., A. Kiapour, V. K. Goel, A. Ivanov, A. Biyani, N. Ebraheim, and H. Serhan. "A FEM Model Analysis of Human Lumbar Spine With Bi-Level Artificial Disc Replacement." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95658.

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A finite element model of human lumbar spine (L3-S1 segment) was used to analyze biomechanical effects of the bi-level CHARITE artificial disc replacement (2LCHD) at L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. The mechanical behavior and range of motion in implanted and intact models were compared using the finite element analyses and a hybrid loading protocol. In 2LCHD model the changes at L3-L4 level decreased by 25% also the model showed smooth changes in motion at implanted levels. In flexion there was an increase in facet loads at lower levels of 2LCHD however the bending moment in this model was less than intact model because of hybrid loading; in contrast, the facet loads in implanted model decreased in extension. It was observed that the bi-level disc replacement won’t affect much the kinematics of the spine and can be proposed as a good alternative for treatment in cases that disc degeneration occurs at more than one level of spine.

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Hansen, Rico H., Torben O. Andersen, and Henrik C. Perdersen. "Analysis of discrete pressure level systems for Wave Energy Converters." In 2011 International Conference on Fluid Power and Mechatronics (FPM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fpm.2011.6045825.

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Reports on the topic "Fgm levels"

Nagahi, Morteza, Raed Jaradat, Mohammad Nagahisarchoghaei, Ghodsieh Ghanbari, Sujan Poudyal, and Simon Goerger. Effect of individual differences in predicting engineering students' performance : a case of education for sustainable development. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40700.

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The academic performance of engineering students continues to receive attention in the literature. Despite that, there is a lack of studies in the literature investigating the simultaneous relationship between students' systems thinking (ST) skills, Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits, proactive personality scale, academic, demographic, family background factors, and their potential impact on academic performance. Three established instruments, namely, ST skills instrument with seven dimensions, FFM traits with five dimensions, and proactive personality with one dimension, along with a demographic survey, have been administrated for data collection. A cross-sectional web-based study applying Qualtrics has been developed to gather data from engineering students. To demonstrate the prediction power of the ST skills, FFM traits, proactive personality, academic, demographics, and family background factors on the academic performance of engineering students, two unsupervised learning algorithms applied. The study results identify that these unsupervised algorithms succeeded to cluster engineering students' performance regarding primary skills and characteristics. In other words, the variables used in this study are able to predict the academic performance of engineering students. This study also has provided significant implications and contributions to engineering education and education sustainable development bodies of knowledge. First, the study presents a better perception of engineering students' academic performance. The aim is to assist educators, teachers, mentors, college authorities, and other involved parties to discover students' individual differences for a more efficient education and guidance environment. Second, by a closer examination at the level of systemic thinking and its connection with FFM traits, proactive personality, academic, and demographic characteristics, understanding engineering students' skillset would be assisted better in the domain of sustainable education.

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Bridges, Todd, Jeffrey King, Jonathan Simm, Michael Beck, Georganna Collins, Quirjin Lodder, and Ram Mohan. Overview : International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41945.

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The application of natural and nature‑based features (NNBF) has grown steadily over the past 20 years, supported by calls for innovation in flood risk management (FRM) and nature‑based solutions from many different perspectives and organizations. Technical advancements in support of NNBF are increasingly the subject of peer‑reviewed and other technical literature. A variety of guidance has been published by numerous organizations to inform program‑level action and technical practice for specific types of nature‑based solutions. This effort to develop international guidelines on the use of NNBF was motivated by the need for a comprehensive guide that draws directly on the growing body of knowledge and experience from around the world to inform the process of conceptualizing, planning, designing, engineering, constructing, and operating NNBF.

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