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Journal articles on the topic 'FGM'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Zhang, Yan Bing, Chun Yu Ren, and Xi Zhu. "Research on Vibration and Sound Radiation from Submarine Functionally Graded Material Nonpressure Cylindrical Shell." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 3046–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.3046.

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In this paper, we establish the finite element (FEM) and boundary element (BEM) models of a submarine section, and study the underwater sound radiation field of three different non-pressure shells made of steel, steel with anechoic tile, and the functionally graded materials (FGM) separately using a method combining of FEM and BEM . Research shows that the combination of FEM and BEM can address the acoustic radiation calculation problem of FGM, and in comparison with steel and anechoic tile laying submarine section, the weight of FGM non-pressure shell reduces 1600kg, and the sound radiation p

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Sharma, Dinkar, and Ramandeep Kaur. "Thermoelastic analysis of FGM hollow cylinder for variable parameters and temperature distributions using FEM." Nonlinear Engineering 9, no. 1 (2020): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nleng-2020-0013.

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AbstractThis paper presents, numerical study of stress field in functionally graded material (FGM) hollow cylinder by using finite element method (FEM). The FGM cylinder is subjected to internal pressure and uniform heat generation. Thermoelastic material properties of FGM cylinder are assumed to vary along radius of cylinder as an exponential function of radius. The governing differential equation is solved numerically by FEM for isotropic and anistropic hollow cylinder. Additionally, the effect of material gradient index (β) on normalized radial stresses, normalized circumferential stress an

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Li, Nan, Ji Huan Tian, Wei Deng, and Hui Gang Sun. "Application of Functionally Graded Materials for Solid Insulator: Fabrication, Optimization Design, and Surface Flashover of Prototype Samples." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 2308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.2308.

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The applicability of functionally graded materials (FGM) for solid insulator of gas insulated switchgear (GIS) was investigated. First, a new fabrication method based on layer-by-layer casting technique was demonstrated to prepare FGM insulator possessing spatial distribution of dielectric constants. Then, electric field strength in the FGM spacer model was calculated and optimized by using finite element method (FEM). Three types of truncated cone spacers were fabricated according to the optimization results. Finally, surface flashover tests were performed under AC voltage and lightning impul

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Dewi, Puspita, Liana Mustaip, and Riyana Rizki Yuliatin. "The attachment among generation in pertuating the female genital mutilation in Lombok." Jurnal Humanitas: Katalisator Perubahan dan Inovator Pendidikan 8, no. 2 (2022): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29408/jhm.v8i2.5974.

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FGM is maintained by local people in Lombok from generation to other generations. This study aims to explore how FGM practice still exists in Lombok. The qualitative research was used to discover the point of view of the subjects. The data was analyzed by content analysis. The data were gained from Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews in three generations: Baby Boomer, Gen X, and Gen Y (Millennial). The research results show that the FGM perpetuates continuously because the attachment among generations. The attachment as one of the factors in pertuating the FGM because of the o

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Lee, Keunho, Sanghyun Woo, and Leeju Park. "Dynamic Tensile Extrusion Behavior of Fine-Grained Copper Fabricated by Powder Injection Molding." Crystals 12, no. 2 (2022): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12020147.

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The dynamic tensile extrusion (DTE) behavior and microstructural evolution of fine-grained (FG, ~1 μm < d < ~10 μm) Cu fabricated by powder injection molding (PIM) were investigated. The FGM Cu was fabricated by PIM with commercial micro-sized Cu powder sintering at 850 °C for 2 h, while the FGH Cu was developed by the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of the FGM at 780 °C for 2 h under a pressure of 1000 bar. In order to compare the DTE behavior of the FG Cu manufactured using different methods, the ultrafine-grained-B (UFG, d < ~1 μm) Cu was developed by performing 16 passes of equal-cha

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Karlsen, Saffron, Natasha Carver, Magda Mogilnicka, and Christina Pantazis. "‘Putting salt on the wound’: a qualitative study of the impact of FGM-safeguarding in healthcare settings on people with a British Somali heritage living in Bristol, UK." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (2020): e035039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035039.

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ObjectivesThis research documents the experiences of people with Somali heritage with female genital mutilation (FGM)-safeguarding services in healthcare and whether such services are considered appropriate by the people who encounter them.DesignSix focus groups conducted with ethnic Somalis living in Bristol, during the summer of 2018, divided by gender and whether people had experienced FGM-safeguarding as adults or children.SettingParticipants experienced FGM-safeguarding in primary and secondary care.Participants30 people (21 women and 9 men), identified through local organisations or snow

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O’Neill, Sarah, Dina Bader, Cynthia Kraus, Isabelle Godin, Jasmine Abdulcadir, and Sophie Alexander. "Rethinking the Anti-FGM Zero-Tolerance Policy: from Intellectual Concerns to Empirical Challenges." Current Sexual Health Reports 12, no. 4 (2020): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11930-020-00299-9.

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Abstract Purpose of Review Based on the discussions of a symposium co-organized by the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and the University of Lausanne (UNIL) in Brussels in 2019, this paper critically reflects upon the zero-tolerance strategy on “Female Genital Mutilation” (FGM) and its socio-political, legal and moral repercussions. We ask whether the strategy is effective given the empirical challenges highlighted during the symposium, and also whether it is credible. Recent Findings The anti-FGM zero-tolerance policy, first launched in 2003, aims to eliminate all types of “female genital

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8

Yang, E. Chuan, Xiang Zhao, and Ying Hui Li. "Free Vibration Analysis for Cracked FGM Beams by Means of a Continuous Beam Model." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/197049.

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Based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and a continuous stiffness beam model, the free vibration of rectangular-section beams made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) containing open edge cracks is studied. Assuming the material gradients follow exponential distribution along beam thickness direction, the conversion relation between the vibration governing equations of a FGM beam and that of an isotropic homogenous beam is deduced. A continuous function is used to characterize the bending stiffness of an edge cracked FGM beam. Thus, the cracked FGM beam is treated as an intact beam with cont

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9

Sharma, Rajesh, Vijay Kumar Jadon, Balkar Singh, and Neeraj Sharma. "Transient thermoelastic investigation of FGM composite plate with varying grading parameter." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 232, no. 6 (2016): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420716631150.

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Functionally graded materials (FGM) are newly developed materials described by variation in the characteristics gradually over volume. These materials find applications in very high temperature environments namely aerospace industry, nuclear reactors, gas turbines, and electronics cooling. These materials are used in high temperature environments with dynamic load conditions, so their transient thermoelastic analysis under these conditions is necessary. In this paper, transient thermoelastic investigation of FGM is carried out using finite element method (FEM). The effect of temperature depend

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Tran, Trung Thanh. "STATIC ANALYSIS OF FGM BOX USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD." Journal of Science and Technique 15, no. 3 (2020): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.56651/lqdtu.jst.v15.n03.95.

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This paper presents the numerical result for the static bending analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) box by using the finite element method (FEM). The authors code the calculation program in MATLAB software and checked the established program by comparing it with other published works. In addition, the effects of some geometrical and material parameters on the static bending analysis of FGM boxes are investigated in detail.

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Shichalin, Oleg O., Evgeniy K. Papynov, Igor Yu Buravlev, et al. "Functionally Gradient Material Fabrication Based on Cr, Ti, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu Metal Layers via Spark Plasma Sintering." Coatings 13, no. 1 (2023): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13010138.

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The paper presents a method of obtaining functionally graded material (FGM) of heterogeneous (layered) type based on joined metals Cr-Ti-Fe-Co-Ni-Cu using spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology. The structure, elemental and phase composition of FGM obtained on the basis of joined metals with different values of the temperature coefficient of linear expansion (CTLE) were studied by SEM, EDS and XRD methods with regard to the phase states of the alloy system. Based on the Vickers microhardness data, the evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of FGM in the whole sample body and locally at

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Wright, Dorian. "FGM Overview." AWHONN Lifelines 2, no. 6 (1998): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6356.1998.tb01042.x.

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Jefferson, Michael. "FGM/Cutting." Journal of Criminal Law 79, no. 6 (2015): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022018315614447.

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This paper seeks to present issues relating to female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM) in a manner which is more socio-legal than is usual in this journal, partly because, while there is an important new statute, the Serious Crimes Act 2015, the accepted view of FGM across the world (e.g. mention is made below of Egypt) is that criminal law alone is most unlikely to prevent or deter FGM; this approach is very much that recently adopted in England and Wales and indeed in the other countries within the UK. Changing criminal law affecting women and girls at risk of FGM in the UK is, moreover, of

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Xu, Yang Jian, Ling Ling Wang, and Li Wen Dong. "Heating Steady Thermal Stresses in an Al1100/Ti-6Al-4V/SiC 2D-FGM Plane Four-Side Clamped Plate." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.48.

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The steady thermal stress problems under linear temperature load on upper surface in an Al1100/Ti-6Al-4V/SiC 2D-FGM plane four-side clamped plate are analyzed by the FEM. When the variation of the material composition in y-direction is linear, the plane thermal stress distributions with the changes of composition shape distribution coefficient mx and porosity coefficient Ax in x-direction are obtained. The results show that compressive stresses of the metal side reduce and the compressive stresses increase on the ceramic side with the increasing of the mx. Except for lower surface, when mx =0.

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Helal, Wasim M. K., and Dong Yan Shi. "FE Analysis of Functionally Graded Material Plate during Debonding Case with Different Boundary Conditions." Key Engineering Materials 627 (September 2014): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.627.57.

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Functionally graded materials (FGMs) have become helpful in our engineering applications. Analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) plate during debonding case with different boundary conditions is the main purpose of this investigation. Elastic modulus (E) of functionally graded (FG) plate is assumed to vary continuously throughout the height of the plate, according the volume fraction of the constituent materials based on a modified sigmoid function, but the value of Poisson coefficient is constant. In this research, the finite element method (FEM) is used in order to show the shape of

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Sharma, Dinkar, Ramandeep Kaur, Munish Sandhir, and Honey Sharma. "Finite element method for stress and strain analysis of FGM hollow cylinder under effect of temperature profiles and inhomogeneity parameter." Nonlinear Engineering 10, no. 1 (2021): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nleng-2021-0039.

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Abstract This study represents a numerical analysis of stress and strain in the functionally graded material (FGM) hollow cylinder subjected to two different temperature profiles and inhomogeneity parameter. The thermo-mechanical properties of a cylinder are assumed to vary continuously as power law function along the radial coordinate of a cylinder. Based on equilibrium equation, Hooke's law, stress-strain relationship in the cylinders, and other theories from mechanics second order differential equation is obtained that represents the thermoelastic field in hollow FGM cylinder. To find a num

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Sladek, J., V. Sladek, H. H. H. Lu, and D. L. Young. "The FEM analysis of FGM piezoelectric semiconductor problems." Composite Structures 163 (March 2017): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.12.019.

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Janane Allah, M., Y. Belaasilia, A. Timesli, and A. El Haouzi. "TSDT theory for free vibration of functionally graded plates with various material properties." Mathematical Modeling and Computing 8, no. 4 (2021): 691–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/mmc2021.04.691.

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In this work, an implicit algorithm is used for analyzing the free dynamic behavior of Functionally Graded Material (FGM) plates. The Third order Shear Deformation Theory (TSDT) is used to develop the proposed model. In this contribution, the formulation is written without any homogenization technique as the rule of mixture. The Hamilton principle is used to establish the resulting equations of motion. For spatial discretization based on Finite Element Method (FEM), a quadratic element with four and eight nodes is adopted using seven degrees of freedom per node. An implicit algorithm is used f

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Shakir, Mohammed, and Mohammad Talha. "On the Dynamic Response of Imperfection Sensitive Higher Order Functionally Graded Plates with Random System Parameters." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 11, no. 03 (2019): 1950025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s175882511950025x.

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This paper presents the influence of various random system parameters on dynamics response of imperfection sensitive higher order shear deformable functionally graded material (FGM) plates. Young’s moduli, Poisson’s ratio and volume fraction index are considered as random system parameters. The material properties of the FGM plates are assumed to vary along the thickness direction using simple power-law distribution in terms of the volume fraction of the constituents. The plate kinematics is based on Reddy’s higher order shear deformation theory. Finite element method (FEM) is employed in conj

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Hart, Eteri, and Bohdan Terokhin. "Computer simulation of the stress-strain state of thin plates and cylindrical shells with a circular hole reinforced by an inclusion from functionally graded material." Strength of Materials and Theory of Structures, no. 110 (June 26, 2023): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2410-2547.2023.110.63-80.

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Computer simulation and FEM analysis of the stress-strain state of thin plates and thin-walled cylindrical shells, weakened by a circular hole in the presence of an annular inclusion of a functionally graded material (FGM) surrounding it, have been carried out. The influence of the dimensions of the FGM-inclusion and the law of change of its elastic modulus on the concentration of the parameters of the stress-strain state of plates and shells in the vicinity of the hole is studied. The distribution of stress and strain intensities in the zones of local stress concentration is obtained. It has

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Bjälkander, Owolabi, Donald S. Grant, Vanja Berggren, Heli Bathija, and Lars Almroth. "Female Genital Mutilation in Sierra Leone: Forms, Reliability of Reported Status, and Accuracy of Related Demographic and Health Survey Questions." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/680926.

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Objective.To determine forms of female genital mutilation (FGM), assess consistency between self-reported and observed FGM status, and assess the accuracy of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) FGM questions in Sierra Leone.Methods.This cross-sectional study, conducted between October 2010 and April 2012, enrolled 558 females aged 12–47 from eleven antenatal clinics in northeast Sierra Leone. Data on demography, FGM status, and self-reported anatomical descriptions were collected. Genital inspection confirmed the occurrence and extent of cutting.Results.All participants reported FGM status; 4

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Han, Mengna, Zichan Li, Zhicheng Huang, Xingguo Wang, and Wenjie Gao. "Thermal Mechanical Bending Response of Symmetrical Functionally Graded Material Plates." Materials 16, no. 13 (2023): 4683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16134683.

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This paper investigates the thermal mechanical bending response of symmetric functionally graded material (FGM) plates. This article proposes a thermodynamic analysis model of both the FGM plate and FGM sandwich plate, and the model only involves four control equations and four unknown variables. The control equation is based on the refined shear deformation theory and the principle of minimum potential energy. The Navier method is used to solve the control equation. According to the method, numerical examples are provided for the thermo-mechanical bending of the symmetric FGM plate and FGM sa

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Ali, Sakaria, Roshnee Patel, Alice Jane Armitage, Hazel Isabella Learner, Sarah M. Creighton, and Deborah Hodes. "Female genital mutilation (FGM) in UK children: a review of a dedicated paediatric service for FGM." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 11 (2020): 1075–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-318336.

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ObjectiveTo describe the presentation and management of children with suspected or confirmed female genital mutilation (FGM) referred to a specialist paediatric clinic.MethodsData collected included referral source, age, ethnicity, circumstances of FGM and clinical findings in accordance with the WHO FGM classification.ResultsBetween September 2014 and January 2019, 148 children attended the clinic of whom 55 (37.2%) had confirmed FGM. Police or social care referred 112 (76%) children. The proportion of looked-after children (LAC) was significantly higher in the group with confirmed FGM (17/55

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Hodes, Deborah, Alice Armitage, Kerry Robinson, and Sarah M. Creighton. "Female genital mutilation in children presenting to a London safeguarding clinic: a case series." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 3 (2015): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-308243.

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ObjectiveTo describe the presentation and management of children referred with suspected female genital mutilation (FGM) to a UK safeguarding clinic.Design and settingCase series of all children under 18 years of age referred with suspected FGM between June 2006 and May 2014.Main outcome measuresThese include indication for referral, demographic data, circumstances of FGM, medical symptoms, type of FGM, investigations and short-term outcome.ResultsOf the 47 girls referred, 27 (57%) had confirmed FGM. According to the WHO classification of genital findings, FGM type 1 was found in 2 girls, type

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Creighton, Sarah M., and Deborah Hodes. "Female genital mutilation: what every paediatrician should know." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 3 (2015): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-307234.

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Female genital mutilation (FGM) is almost always performed on children and consequently paediatricians should have a central role in the detection and prevention of FGM. FGM has no health benefits and can cause lifelong damage to physical and psychological health. Extensive migration of FGM practising communities means that FGM is now a global problem. Paediatricians worldwide need to be familiar with the identification and classification of FGM and its impact upon health as well as current trends in practice. However information about FGM is hampered by the secrecy surrounding the procedure a

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Huang, Zheng-Ming, Qiongan Wang, and S. Ramakrishna. "Tensile Behaviour of Functionally Graded Braided Carbon Fibre/Epoxy Composite Material." Polymers and Polymer Composites 10, no. 4 (2002): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110201000406.

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The primary objective of this research work was to investigate experimentally the tensile behaviour of Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) made from tubular braided composites and to find out the relationship between the tensile property of the FGM and that of the corresponding non-FGM. Composites were made using tubular braided carbon fibre fabrics and an epoxy resin. The FGM specimens had varying braiding angles and the non-FGM specimens had constant braiding angles. The effect of braiding angle on the composite properties was established from the test results for the non-FGM specimens. It w

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Marea, Christina X., Nicole Warren, Nancy Glass, Wisal Ahmed, and Christina C. Pallitto. "Advancing the measurement of knowledge, attitudes and practices of health workers who care for women and girls who have undergone female genital mutilation/ cutting (FGM/C): A qualitative exploration of expert opinion." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (2023): e0284900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284900.

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Background Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) is a social norm driven practice associated with numerous adverse health complications. Existing assessment tools for health workers are limited by lack of a clear framework for what constitutes the critical knowledge, attitudes, and practices that impact FGM/C prevention and care. The aim of this study was to explore expert opinion of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices for FGM/C-related prevention and care that can be used to inform the development of future KAP measurement tools. Methods We conducted 32 semi-structured individual i

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Ngozi Odo, Amelia, Samuel Ifeanyi Christian Dibia, Evelyn Nwanebe Nwagu, MaryJoy Umoke, and Prince Christian Ifeanachor Umoke. "Towards characterization of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in rural Nigeria." African Health Sciences 20, no. 4 (2020): 1968–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i4.55.

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Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a public health challenge and seems to be secretly practiced in some rural communities, despite the ban in Nigeria. Objectives: The study aimed to identify the activities that are involved in FGM, type(s) of FGM practiced and the knowl- edge of health implications of FGM among rural community members in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Methods: We employed exploratory design using qualitative technique. In-depth interviews were conducted with 44 adult (18 years and older) volunteers in four rural communities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. After thema

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Wang, Chuan Bin, Hao Zeng, Y. G. Chen, Qiang Shen, and Lian Meng Zhang. "Preparation of W/Cu Functionally Graded Material." Materials Science Forum 631-632 (October 2009): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.631-632.431.

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A W/Cu system functionally graded material (FGM), which may be used as plasma facing component for fusion reactors, was prepared by inserting W-Cu layers with gradient composition between tungsten and copper alloy plates. W-Cu gradient layers were hot-press sintered from W-Cu powder mixtures added with zinc powder as the sintering aid, whose relative density increased with sintering temperature, reaching a value higher than 96% at 850°C. XRD and SEM measurements showed that the sintered W-Cu gradient layers were the mechanical mixtures of W and Cu. A wholly dense W/Cu system FGM was then obtai

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Sulistyawati, Feni, and Abdul Hakim. "Sunat Perempuan di Indonesia: Potret terhadap Praktik Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)." Jurnal Hawa : Studi Pengarus Utamaan Gender dan Anak 4, no. 1 (2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/hawapsga.v4i1.4736.

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Abstract: Reproductive health is the right of every individual. There is inequality related to reproductive health problems, one of which is the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM). Several health organizations have criticized the practice of FGM because it is considered dangerous. The practice of FGM still exists in Indonesia today. This article aims to find out the development of FGM cases in Indonesia. The method used a literature study of twelve articles that met the screening criteria. The results obtained are that FGM practices in Indonesia have developed in almost all regions in

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Home, Joseph, Andrew Rowland, Felicity Gerry, Charlotte Proudman, and Kimberley Walton. "A review of the law surrounding female genital mutilation protection orders." British Journal of Midwifery 28, no. 7 (2020): 418–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2020.28.7.418.

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Performing female genital mutilation (FGM) is prohibited within the UK by the FGM Act of 2003. A mandatory reporting duty for FGM requires regulated health and social care professionals and teachers in England and Wales to report known cases of FGM in under 18-year-olds to the police. An application to the court for an FGM protection order (FGMPO) can be made to keep individual women and girls safe from FGM. This paper reveals the significant disconnect between the number of FGMPO applications and known recorded cases of FGM. The introduction of FGMPOs requires critical exploration as there is

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Ryu, Sae Hee, Jong Ha Park, Caroline Sun Yong Lee, et al. "Optimization of Crack-Free Polytypoidally Joined Si₃N₄–Al₂O₃ Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) Using 3-Dimensional Modeling." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.494.

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Joining Si3N4 and Al2O3 using 15 layers has been achieved by a unique approach that introduces SiAlON polytypoids as a functionally graded material (FGM) bonding layer. Previously, the hot press sintering of multilayered FGM with 20 layers, each 500 µm thick, has been achieved successfully. In the present study, the number of layers for FGM was reduced from 20 to 15 to increase optimization. Samples were fabricated by hot pressing at 48 MPa during the temperature ramp to 1650°C and cooling at 2°C/min to minimize residual stresses from sintering. Moreover, a finite element method (FEM) program

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Pratiwi, Yulita Dwi. "Transplantasi Pengaturan Larangan Praktik Female Genital Mutilation melalui Studi Perbandingan Indonesia dengan Mesir." Jurnal HAM 13, no. 1 (2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/ham.2022.13.45-64.

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Upaya penghapusan dan pencegahan praktik P2GP/FGM yang dianggap pelanggaran HAM terhadap perempuan, dilakukan dengan pelarangan P2GP/FGM di beberapa negara, salah satunya Mesir. Sedangkan di Indonesia sampai saat ini belum terdapat pengaturan maupun kebijakan untuk menghentikan P2GP/FGM. Melihat penurunan prevalensi praktik FGM di Mesir, penulis tertarik menganalisis transplantasi pengaturan larangan P2GP/FGM melalui studi perbandingan hukum Indonesia dengan Mesir. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan perbandingan Hukum. Studi perbandingan hukum d

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Plugge, E., S. Adam, L. El Hindi, J. Gitau, N. Shodunke, and O. Mohamed-Ahmed. "The prevention of female genital mutilation in England: what can be done?" Journal of Public Health 41, no. 3 (2018): e261-e266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy128.

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Abstract Background Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a global public health issue. Women in the UK are at risk of FGM and its adverse health consequences but little is known about its practice. Since 1985 it has been a criminal offence to perform FGM in the UK and further legislation has tightened the law but FGM continues. Methods Four community researchers from the Kenyan, Nigerian, Somalian and Sudanese communities in Oxford conducted focus groups and interviews with 53 people to understand the communities’ beliefs about how best to prevent FGM. Results Participants believed that the curr

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Helal, Wasim M. K., and Dong Yan Shi. "Optimum Gradation Direction for a Functionally Graded Endodontic Prefabricated Parallel Post: A Finite Element Method." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 24 (July 2015): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.24.56.

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The main purpose of the present work is to determine the optimum gradation direction of an endodontic prefabricated parallel post (EPPP) made of functionally graded material (FGM). To determine the optimum gradation direction of an EPPP made of FGM, the finite element method (FEM) is used. After that, the optimization technique was adopted in order to determine the optimum material gradient for the functionally graded endodontic prefabricated parallel post (FGEPPP). Simulation results indicated that, the optimum gradation direction for the FGEPPP is from up to down, and can be described by usi

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O'Connell, Suzanne. "FGM: Your responsibilities." Headteacher Update 2020, no. 2 (2020): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/htup.2020.2.48.

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Teachers in England and Wales are subject to the duty to report FGM. What does this mean in practical terms and how should you advise and train staff to ensure compliance? Suzanne O'Connell recaps the duty

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Haidrani, Layla. "Let’s Talk FGM." Nursing Standard 31, no. 11 (2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.31.11.33.s37.

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Jamellodin, Zalipah, Mohd Saman Hamidah, Suraya Hani Adnan, Noor Shuhada Mohammad, and Wan Yuslinda Wan Yusof. "Strength Development of Fine Grained Mortar Containing Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.182.

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Fine grained mortar (FGM) offers a new innovative technology binder system. The innovative technique is achieved by using a small maximum grain size of 600μm for the mortars. Most of the previous studies have focused on the FA to be replaced in the FGM. There is still lacking of research of using other pozzolanas in making FGM. This paper presents a study of the strength of FGM with partially replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with fine fly ash (FA) and ground rice husk ash (RHA). Flexural and compressive strength of FGM were tested. The results show that the use of FA and RHA produ

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Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Imran Oludare Morhason-Bello, Yusuf Olushola Kareem, and Erhabor Sunday Idemudia. "Hierarchical modelling of factors associated with the practice and perpetuation of female genital mutilation in the next generation of women in Africa." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0250411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250411.

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Despite a total prohibition on the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM), young girls continue to be victims in some African countries. There is a paucity of data on the effect of FGM practice in two generations in Africa. This study assessed the current practice of daughters’ FGM among women living in 14 FGM-prone countries in Africa as a proxy to assess the future burden of FGM in the continent. We used Demographic and Health Surveys data collected between 2010 and 2018 from 14 African countries. We analyzed information on 93,063 women-daughter pair (Level 1) from 8,396 communities (Le

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Kimani, Samuel, Tammary Esho, Violet Kimani, et al. "Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Innovative Training Approach for Nurse-Midwives in High Prevalent Settings." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5043512.

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Background. Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) has no medical benefits and is associated with serious health complications. FGM/C including medicalization is illegal in Kenya. Capacity building for nurse-midwives to manage and prevent FGM/C is therefore critical. Objective. Determine the current FGM/C knowledge and effect of training among nurse-midwives using an electronic tool derived from a paper-based quiz on FGM/C among nurse-midwives. Methods. Nurse-midwives n=26 were assessed pre- and post-FGM/C training using a quiz comprising 12 questions. The quiz assessed the following factor

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Eshraghi, Bita, Jonas Hermansson, Vanja Berggren, and Lena Marions. "Risk of obstetric anal sphincter tear among primiparous women with a history of female genital mutilation, giving birth in Sweden." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (2022): e0279295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279295.

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Background Female genital mutilation (FGM) includes a range of procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia. It is a harmful procedure that violates human rights of girls and women. FGM has been associated with obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI), among other adverse obstetric complications. However, the obstetric outcomes in high-income countries are not clear. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of OASI among primiparous women, with and without a history of FGM, giving birth in Sweden. Method A population-based cohort-study based on data from th

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Bouazza, M., A. Tounsi, E. A. Adda-Bedia, and A. Megueni. "Thermal Buckling of Simply Supported FGM Square Plates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 61 (June 2011): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.61.25.

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Thermal buckling behaviour of FGM square plates with simply supported edges has been studied in this note using the classic plate theory (CPT). It is assumed that the nonhomogeneous mechanical properties of the plate, graded through thickness, are described by a power-law FGM (simply called P-FGM) and sigmoid FGM (S-FGM). The plate is assumed to uniform temperature rise. Resulting equations are employed to obtain the closed-form solutions for the critical buckling temperature change of FGM. The results are compared with the results of the first order shear deformation theory.

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Derowa, Yasmin H., Eliphas Gitonga, George Otieno, Alison Yoos, and Clayton S. Jisuvei. "Impact of introduction of the anti-female genital mutilation law on the practice of female genital mutilation in Garissa County, Kenya." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 10 (2021): 4707. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213765.

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Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM), is a social traditional practice performed by cutting parts of the external female genitalia. Garissa county in north eastern Kenya has the highest prevalence of FGM in Kenya at 94%. This practise was illegalised in Kenya in 2011. The aim of the study was to assess the successes of anti-FGM programs in Garissa County.Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving 108 participants of both genders and different age groups. Questionnaires were used in data collection. Obtained data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Chi square was used to compare

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Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Bewar Abdulaziz Sedo, and Angela Dawson. "Female Genital Mutilation in Rural Regions of Iraqi Kurdistan: A Cross-Sectional Study." Public Health Reports 134, no. 5 (2019): 514–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354919860512.

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Objectives: Although female genital mutilation (FGM) is illegal in Iraqi Kurdistan, FGM continues to be performed frequently in Muslim communities in the region. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the prevalence of FGM among females living in rural areas of Iraqi Kurdistan; (2) assess the attitudes toward FGM of mothers, village community leaders, and religious leaders; and (3) compare the prevalence of FGM by maternal education. Methods: In a cross-sectional, double-randomized study of rural areas in Iraqi Kurdistan, we used a semi-structured questionnaire to interview 1657 mo

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Obioha, Chinedu U., Ogochukwu A. Obioha, and Maria Pilar Martin. "Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting and Breastfeeding Outcomes: The Modifying Effects of Healthcare Access and Women’s Attitudes to FGM/C." Women 2, no. 3 (2022): 204–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/women2030021.

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The prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in Nigeria is on the rise, although the practice has no known medical/health benefits. This study aims to assess FGM/C’s effect on breastfeeding outcomes and to identify the role of women’s attitudes and their access to healthcare services on these relationships. Associations between FGM/C and breastfeeding outcomes were measured using multi-logistic regression. About 32% of women underwent FGM/C, and 23% believed FGM/C should continue. Women exposed to FGM/C were less likely to initiate early breastfeeding (OR = 0.56, [95% CI = 0.47–

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Kim, J. I., W. J. Kim, D. J. Choi, J. Y. Park, and W. S. Ryu. "C/SiC Multilayer Coating for the Oxidation Resistance of C-C Composite by Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 08n09 (2003): 1223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203018788.

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Functionally graded materials (FGM) consisting of C and SiC were deposited between the carbon fiber reinforced carbon (C-C) composites and the SiC coating layer by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) method to reduce the thermal stress. The compositions of the graded layers could be easily controlled to various steps by manipulating the input ratio of CH 3 SiCl 3 to C 2 H 2. The residual stresses for the designed compositional distribution were calculated by finite element method (FEM). The designed FGM layers were coated experimentally on the C-C composites and the oxidation behavi

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Lê, Thị Hà. "Ảnh hưởng của lực di động đến đáp ứng động dầm xốp sandwich liên tục có cơ tính biến thiên". Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology 2024, vi.vol1 (2024): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.59382/j-ibst.2024.vi.vol1-2.

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This paper analysis dynamic response of porous functionally graded material (p-FGM) multi-span sandwich beams subject to two moving loads. The core of sandwich beam is fully ceramic and skins are composed of a porous functionally graded material. The vibration differential equations of beams are established based on the finite element method (FEM). Using the Newmark direct integration method, the dynamic response of the beam is calculated. A detailed study is performed to investigate the influences of material, moving load speed, porous parameter and distance between two moving loads on the dy

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Idoko, Patrick, Alice Armitage, Momodou T Nyassi, et al. "Obstetric outcome of female genital mutilation in the Gambia – an observational study." African Health Sciences 22, no. 4 (2022): 386–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v22i4.44.

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Background: A 2010 survey in The Gambia among women of reproductive age put the prevalence rate of FGM/C at 76.3%. FGM/C was banned in 2015, but there is no real effort at enforcement of the ban. This study aimed to provide national data on obstetric outcomes to support advocacy and health education.A multicentre observational study to assess the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of parturient women with and without FGM/Cwas carried out across 4 healthcare facilities in The Gambia. The primary outcome was postpartum haemorrhage (>500ml) andsecondary outcomes were caesarean section, perineal t

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Hassan, Hanan Elzeblawy, Fatima Hosny Abd ELhakam, Momen Zakria, and Rasha El Syed. "Female genital mutilation in northern upper Egypt: prospects reasons for performing and refusin." Nursing & Care Open Access Journal 9, no. 1 (2023): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ncoaj.2023.09.00251.

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Background: Female Genital Mutilation was reported during a papyrus from 163BC. Within the third century, Soranos who are taken into account as the father of obstetrics and gynecology described the procedure of FGM. Herodotus also pronounced the excision of female external genitalia in Egypt dated back to the primary century, Rome, Pre-Islamic Arabia, and therefore the Tsarist Russian Federation. Aim: The study was conducted to assess prospects reasons for performing and refusing female genital mutilation in Northern Upper Egypt. Subject & methods: A Descriptive Cross-sectional study was u

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Sharma, Dinkar, Ramandeep Kaur, and Honey Sharma. "Investigation of thermo-elastic characteristics in functionally graded rotating disk using finite element method." Nonlinear Engineering 10, no. 1 (2021): 312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nleng-2021-0025.

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Abstract In this research paper, displacement, stresses and strains are presented for rotating FGM disk with variable thickness by using finite element method (FEM). Thermo-elastic material properties and thickness of FGM disk continuously vary as exponential and power law function in radial direction along radius of disk. The value of Poisson's ratio is taken as constant. The problem of thermo-elasticity is converted into second order governing differential equation in terms of radial coordinate. This conversion is based upon equilibrium equation for disk and stress-strain relationship. The i

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