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Journal articles on the topic 'FIB'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 June 2025

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1

Haub, Michael, Thomas Guenther, Martin Bogner, and André Zimmermann. "Use of PtC Nanotips for Low-Voltage Quantum Tunneling Applications." Micromachines 13, no. 7 (June 28, 2022): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13071019.

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The use of focused ion and focused electron beam (FIB/FEB) technology permits the fabrication of micro- and nanometer scale geometries. Therefore, FIB/FEB technology is a favorable technique for preparing TEM lamellae, nanocontacts, or nanowires and repairing electronic circuits. This work investigates FIB/FEB technology as a tool for nanotip fabrication and quantum mechanical tunneling applications at a low tunneling voltage. Using a gas injection system (GIS), the Ga-FIB and FEB technology allows both additive and subtractive fabrication of arbitrary structures. Using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), resistance measurement (RM), and scanning tunneling microscope (STM)/spectroscopy (STS) methods, the tunneling suitability of the utilized metal–organic material–platinum carbon (PtC) is investigated. Thus, to create electrode tips with radii down to 15 nm, a stable and reproducible process has to be developed. The metal–organic microstructure analysis shows suitable FIB parameters for the tunneling effect at high aperture currents (260 pA, 30 kV). These are required to ensure the suitability of the electrodes for the tunneling effect by an increased platinum content (EDX), a low resistivity (RM), and a small band gap (STM). The STM application allows the imaging of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) layers and demonstrates the tunneling suitability of PtC electrodes based on high FIB aperture currents and a low tunneling voltage.

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2

Liu, Ta-Wei, Chung-Feng Huang, Ming-Lun Yeh, Pei-Chien Tsai, Tyng-Yuan Jang, Jee-Fu Huang, Chia-Yen Dai, Wan-Long Chuang, and Ming-Lung Yu. "Less liver fibrosis marker increment in overweight chronic hepatitis B patients observed by age-adjusted Fibrosis-4 Index." BMJ Open Gastroenterology 7, no. 1 (December 2020): e000543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000543.

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Background and aimsChronic hepatitis B patients in Taiwan with no or limited liver injury are not reimbursed for antiviral treatment by the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI). Innovative fibrosis marker, age-adjusted Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB4-AA), was implemented to evaluate the tendency of liver fibrosis in these patients.MethodsThe FIB-4 indices of 256 antiviral treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital from 2003 to 2019 were reviewed. The difference in initial FIB-4 and last FIB4-AA was treated as a categorical variable, representing the tendency of liver fibrosis in each individual aside from ageing. Logistic regression was implemented to evaluate the three parameters most dependent on increment of FIB4-AA: e seroconversion, body mass index (BMI) and initial FIB-4 index.ResultsThe yearly FIB-4 growth rate of an individual without chronic hepatitis was lower than that of the study group (0.0237 vs 0.0273 for males, 0.02 vs 0.0288 for females). Patients undergoing or completing e seroconversion were less prone to increment of FIB4-AA (p=0.036, OR 0.524). Logistic regression revealed that BMI ≥25 kg/m2 significantly less increment of FIB4-AA (p=0.001, OR 0.383, 95% CI 0.212 to 0.690), while patients with initial FIB-4 <1.29 were prone to increasing liver FIB4-AA (p=0.000, OR 3.687, 95% CI 1.999 to 6.797).ConclusionChronic hepatitis B patients not meeting the reimbursement criteria of the Taiwan NHI are prone to increment of liver fibrosis marker. Overweight is associated with less increment of fibrosis marker, while initial FIB-4 <1.29 is associated with increasing fibrosis marker.

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3

Kamada, Yoshihiro, Kensuke Munekage, Takashi Nakahara, Hideki Fujii, Yoshiyuki Sawai, Yoshinori Doi, Hideyuki Hyogo, et al. "The FIB-4 Index Predicts the Development of Liver-Related Events, Extrahepatic Cancers, and Coronary Vascular Disease in Patients with NAFLD." Nutrients 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15010066.

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The prognosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients depends on liver-related events (LREs), extrahepatic cancers, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). The fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index is one of the most reliable and useful predictors of the degree of liver fibrosis. Recent studies have reported that the FIB-4 index is also useful for predicting LREs and MACEs in NAFLD patients. In the present study, we investigated the prognostic value of the FIB-4 index in NAFLD patients. A total of 506 biopsy-confirmed NAFLD patients from six hepatology centers in Japan from 2002 to 2013 were enrolled in this study. Of these NAFLD patients, 353 were available for more than 100 days of follow-up and did not exhibit events (LREs, extrahepatic cancers, MACEs) at the time of entry. The mean follow-up duration of all the subjects was 2716 ± 1621 days (102–7483 days). New LREs (hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 8), decompensation (n = 11), bleeding varices (n = 8)) developed in 18 patients. Twenty-four and twelve patients developed extrahepatic cancers and MACEs, respectively. The median FIB-4 index was 1.255; we divided our cohort into two groups according to this (FIB4 Low, FIB4 Hi). The incidence of HCC tended to be higher in FIB4 Hi (n = 7) than in FIB4 Low (n = 1). The incidence of LREs was significantly higher in FIB4 Hi (n = 17) than in FIB4 Low (n = 1). The incidence of extrahepatic cancers was significantly higher in FIB4 Hi (n = 20) than in FIB4 Low (n = 4); the incidence of MACEs was also significantly higher in FIB4 Hi (n = 10) than in FIB4 Low (n = 2). The FIB-4 index is a useful biomarker for predicting not only LREs but also extrahepatic cancers and MACEs.

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4

Hu, Fupin, Jessica A. O'Hara, Jesabel I. Rivera та Yohei Doi. "Molecular Features of Community-Associated Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Strains in the United States". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, № 11 (18 серпня 2014): 6953–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.03321-14.

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ABSTRACTWe characterized 30 community-associated extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producingEscherichia coliisolates collected from five hospitals in the United States. Nineteen sequence types were identified. All sequence type 131 (ST131) isolates had thefimH30 allele. IncFII-FIA-FIB was the most common replicon type among theblaCTX-M-carrying plasmids, followed by IncFII-FIA and IncA/C. Restriction analysis of the IncFII-FIA-FIB and IncFII-FIA plasmids yielded related profiles for plasmids originating from different hospitals. The plasmids containingblaCTX-MorblaSHVwere stably maintained after serial passages.

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5

Deb, Rajat, Soumik Goswami, Nilanjan Sengupta, Arjun Baidya, Vibhu R. Khare, Joydip Datta, Mousumi Das, and Debes Ray. "Redefining Liver Fibrosis Risk Assessment in Indians with Type 2 Diabetes: New FIB-4 Score Cutoff for Optimizing Sequential Assessment with Transient Elastography." Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 29, no. 2 (March 2025): 237–41. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijem.ijem_457_24.

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Abstract Introduction: Liver fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is strongly related to hepatic and extrahepatic outcomes. Clinically Significant Liver Fibrosis (CSLF) screening using FIB-4 score is mandated in all T2D patients. The existing FIB-4 cutoff of 1.3 is derived from Western studies and could differ for Indians. Hence, we aimed to determine the FIB-4 cutoff to rule out Transient Elastography (TE) proven CSLF among Indians with T2D. Methods: 551 individuals with T2D underwent laboratory tests for FIB-4 calculation and transient elastography (TE) to detect CSLF defined as Liver Stiffness Measurement (LSM) ≥ 8kPa. The Receiver Operative Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimum cutoff value of FIB4 to rule out CSLF. Results: 129 (23.4%) of 551 T2D patients in our cohort had CSLF. We found that a FIB-4 of 1.5 rules out CSLF with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Diagnostic Accuracy (DA) of 82.9%, 79.9%, 55.7%, 93.8%, and 80.6%, respectively, compared with a FIB4 of 1.3 which has values of 91.5%, 67.3%, 46.1%, 96.2%, and 72.9%, respectively. Conclusion: A FIB-4 cutoff of 1.5 rather than 1.3 is suggested for Indian subjects with T2DM and needs to be validated in further large multicenter prospective studies, preferably with histopathology as the gold standard.

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6

Haub, Michael, Thomas Günther, Martin Bogner, and André Zimmermann. "Investigation of Focused Ion and Electron Beam Platinum Carbon Nano-Tips with Transmission Electron Microscopy for Quantum Tunneling Vacuum Gap Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 11, 2021): 11793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411793.

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To realize quantum tunneling applications with movable electrodes, sharp tips with radii down to several tens of nanometers are necessary. The use of a focused ion beam (FIB) and focused electron beam (FEB) with a gas injection system (GIS) allows the integration of geometries in the nanoscale directly into micro and nano systems. However, the implementation of the tunneling effect clearly depends on the material. In this work, a metal-organic precursor is used. The investigation of the prepared tunneling electrodes enables an insight into FIB/FEB parameters for the realization of quantum tunneling applications. For this purpose, a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis is performed. The results show a dependence of the material nanostructure regarding platinum (Pt) grain size and distribution in an amorphous carbon matrix from the used beam and the FIB currents. The integration of the tips into a polysilicon (PolySi) beam and measuring the current signal by approaching the tips show significant differences in the results. Moreover, the approach of FEB tips shows a non-contact behavior even when the tips are squeezed together. The contact behavior depends on the grain size, proportion of platinum, and the amount of amorphous carbon in the microstructure, especially at the edge area of the tips. This study shows significant differences in the nanostructure between FIB and FEB tips, particularly for the FIB tips: The higher the ion current, the greater the platinum content, the finer the grain size, and the higher the probability of a tunneling current by approaching the tips.

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7

Tashima, Janet, and Jay Lindquist. "Combining Focused Ion Beam and Scanning Electron Microscopy for IC Fab Support and Defect Review." Microscopy Today 4, no. 3 (April 1996): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500067961.

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The cutting-edge tool for IC fab support and defect review brings together the Focused Ion Beam (FIB) technology with the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) into a single workstation. The twin beam FIB/SEM workstation, FEI Company's DualBeam™ 820 for example, combines the unique micromachining, microdeposition, and analysis capabilities of a FIB with the high resolution imaging power of a Schottky field emission scanning electron microscope (FE SEM). The full functionality of both instruments is available and neither is compromised by the other.

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8

Donoso N., Tania, and María Isabel Villegas T. "Percepción materna del ajuste socioemocional de sus hijos preescolares: Estudio descriptivo y comparativo de familias separadas e intactas con alto y bajo nivel de ajuste marital." Revista de Psicología 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-0581.2000.18544.

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Se estudió la percepción que tienen las madres del ajuste emocional y conductual de sus hijos preescolares en 77 familias con escala IPCS: a) 21 separadas viviendo en período crítico post-separación parental (FS), b) 45 intactas con alto nivel de ajuste marital (FIa), y c) 11 intactas con un bajo nivel de ajuste marital (FIb). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los niños de FS y FIa en ajuste socioemocional y conductual global, agresividad, retraimiento, inmadurez, comportamiento extraño, ansiedad e imagen disminuida. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en ninguna de las variables estudiadas entre los niños de familias FS y FIb, ni entre FIb y FIa. Se discute el impacto de la separación de los padres en el desarrollo socioemocional de niños preescolares en relación con desarrollo socioemocional de niños que viven en una familia cuyos padres tiene un buen ajuste marital o en familias que presentan conflicto marital.

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9

Ammar, Ahmed M., Norhan K. Abd El-Aziz, Mohamed G. Aggour, Adel A. M. Ahmad, Adel Abdelkhalek, Florin Muselin, Laura Smuleac, Raul Pascalau, and Fatma A. Attia. "A Newly Incompatibility F Replicon Allele (FIB81) in Extensively Drug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Diseased Broilers." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 15 (July 30, 2024): 8347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158347.

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Multiple drug resistance (MDR) has gained pronounced attention among Enterobacterales. The transfer of multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, frequently carried on conjugative incompatibility F (IncF) plasmids and facilitating interspecies resistance transmission, has been linked to Salmonella spp. and E. coli in broilers. In Egypt, the growing resistance is exacerbated by the limited clinical efficacy of many antimicrobials. In this study, IncF groups were screened and characterized in drug-resistant Salmonella spp. and E. coli isolated from broilers. The antimicrobial resistance profile, PCR-based replicon typing of bacterial isolates pre- and post-plasmid curing, and IncF replicon allele sequence typing were investigated. Five isolates of E. coli (5/31; 16.13%) and Salmonella spp. (5/36; 13.89%) were pan-susceptible to the examined antimicrobial agents, and 85.07% of tested isolates were MDR and extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Twelve MDR and XDR E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolates were examined for the existence of IncF replicons (FII, FIA, and FIB). They shared resistance to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanate, doxycycline, cefotaxime, and colistin. All isolates carried from one to two IncF replicons. The FII-FIA-FIB+ and FII-FIA+FIB- were the predominant replicon patterns. FIB was the most frequently detected replicon after plasmid curing. Three XDR E. coli isolates that were resistant to 12–14 antimicrobials carried a newly FIB replicon allele with four nucleotide substitutions: C99→A, G112→T, C113→T, and G114→A. These findings suggest that broilers are a significant reservoir of IncF replicons with highly divergent IncF-FIB plasmid incompatibility groups circulating among XDR Enterobacterales. Supporting these data with additional comprehensive epidemiological studies involving replicons other than the IncF can provide insights for implementing efficient policies to prevent the spreading of new replicons to humans.

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m, Aslihan. "Interaction Of Newly Developed Markers Of Insulin Resistance And Liver Fibrosis." Annals of Medical Research 31, no. 8 (2024): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/annalsmedres.2024.06.114.

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Introduction: Insulin resistance is one of the most common causes of liver fibrosis. Instead of the Homeostatic Model Assessment- Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index, which has been used to indicate insulin resistance for many years, Triglyceride-Glucose index (TyG) has recently been used, which is thought to be more predictive. (AST) to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4) are newly developed markers to indicate liver fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between TyG and HOMA-IR and APRI and FIB-4. Material and Methods: 8618 patients who applied to Turgut Özal Medical Center internal medicine outpatient clinic between March 2019 and March 2024 were retrospectively examined. APRI and FIB-4 levels were compared in patients by grouping them by age and as having/not having insulin resistance according to TyG and HOMA-IR Results: There was a statistically significant positive correlation between TyG with APRI and FIB4. (ρ= 0.041, p<0.001 for APRI and ρ= 0.109, p<0.001 for FIB4). There was a significant difference in APRI and FIB-4 in the grouping made according to the presence of insulin resistance. In the grouping made according to glycemic status, FIB-4 was significantly different among all subgroups( p<0.001 for each), while there was no significant difference in APRI. Conclusion: Insulin resistance is one of the conditions that should be closely monitored not only because it predisposes to diabetes but also because it causes dysfunction in liver. Newly diagnosed indexes may be useful to folow-up this patient before any symptoms ocur. Widespread use of these indices especially FIB-4 index which we claim that it is more predictive than others, in clinical practice may be beneficial due to their predictive effects and noninvasiveness.

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11

Steinbaum, Ellen. "A Fib." JAMA 325, no. 11 (March 16, 2021): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.25268.

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12

Phaneuf, Michael W., and Jian Li. "FIB Techniques for Analysis of Metallurgical Specimens." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 524–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760003511x.

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Focused ion beam (FIB) microscopes, the use of which is well established in the semiconductor industry, are rapidly gaining attention in the field of materials science, both as a tool for producing site specific, parallel sided TEM specimens and as a stand alone specimen preparation and imaging tool.Both FIB secondary ion images (FIB SII) and FIB secondary electron images (FIB SEI) contain novel crystallographic and chemical information. The ability to see “orientation contrast” in FIB SEI and to a lesser extent SII is well known for cubic materials and more recently stress-free FIB sectioning combined with FIB imaging have been shown to reveal evidence of plastic deformation in metallic specimens. Particularly in hexagonal metals, FIB orientation contrast is sometimes reduced or eliminated by the FIB sectioning process. We have successfully employed FIB gas assisted etching during FIB sectioning using XeF2 for zirconium alloys and Cl2 for zinc coatings on steels to retain orientation contrast during subsequent imaging.

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Córdoba, Rosa. "Editorial for the Special Issue on Nanofabrication with Focused Electron/Ion Beam Induced Processing." Micromachines 12, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12080893.

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14

Wang, Hung-Wei, Hsueh-Chou Lai, Tsung-Hui Hu, Wen-Pang Su, Sheng-Nan Lu, Chia-Hsin Lin, Chao-Hung Hung, et al. "On-Treatment Changes in FIB-4 and 1-Year FIB-4 Values Help Identify Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Receiving Entecavir Therapy Who Have the Lowest Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma." Cancers 12, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051177.

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Noninvasive fibrosis indices can help stratify the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) receiving nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy. We investigated the predictive performance of on-treatment changes in FIB-4 (△FIB-4) and 1-year FIB-4 values (FIB-4 12M) for HCC risk in patients with CHB receiving entecavir therapy. We included 1325 NA-naïve patients with CHB treated with entecavir, retrospectively, from January 2007 to August 2012. A combination of △FIB-4 and FIB-4 12M was used to stratify the cumulative risk of HCC into three subgroups each in the noncirrhotic and cirrhotic subgroups with p < 0.0001 by using the log-rank test (noncirrhotic: the highest risk (n = 88): FIB-4 12M ≥ 1.58/△FIB-4 ≥ 0 (hazard ratio (HR): 40.35; 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.107–318.7; p <0.0001) and cirrhotic: the highest risk (n = 89): FIB-4 12M ≥2.88/△FIB-4 ≥0 (HR: 9.576; 95% CI: 5.033–18.22; p < 0.0001)). Patients with noncirrhotic CHB treated with entecavir who had a FIB-4 12M < 1.58 or FIB-4 12M ≥ 1.58/△FIB-4 < 0 exhibited the lowest 5-year HCC risk (0.6%). A combination of on-treatment changes in FIB-4 and 1-year FIB-4 values may help identify patients with CHB receiving entecavir therapy with the lowest risk of HCC.

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15

Hamdan, Mahmoud. "Fast ion bombardment: FIB, FAB, liquid or molecular SIMS?" Organic Mass Spectrometry 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210270621.

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Prenitzer, B. I., L. A. Giannuzzi, S. R. Brown, R. B. Irwin, T. L. Shofner, and F. A. Stevie. "Material Dependence of Sputtering Behavior During Focused Ion Beam Milling: A Correlation Between Monte Carlo Based Simulation and Empirical Observation." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 858–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600024417.

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The focused ion beam (FIB) lift-out method is a high precision technique by which site-specific cross-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimens may be rapidly prepared from virtually any material. The technique is particularly useful when the sample geometry or composition is complex (e.g., fibers, powders, composites and interfaces). In addition to the preparation of TEM specimens, FIB milling has also found widespread utility in micromachining and microfabrication applications as well as specimen preparation for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).As the applications of the FEB instrument continue to become more universally recognized, the need to understand the interrelationships between the target material, processing parameters, and process efficiency of the milling phenomena becomes more critical. Incident ion attack angle, target material stopping efficiency and sputtering yield, Y, are important variables governing the milling process. TRIM, a binary collision approximation Monte Carlo simulation code, is used to physically model variables that influence FIB sputtering behavior.

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Meerschaert, JoAnn, Rose F. Vrtis, Yusuke Shikama, Julie B. Sedgwick, William W. Busse та Deane F. Mosher. "Engagement of α4β7 Integrins by Monoclonal Antibodies or Ligands Enhances Survival of Human Eosinophils In Vitro". Journal of Immunology 163, № 11 (1 грудня 1999): 6217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.163.11.6217.

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Abstract Asthma is characterized by an airway inflammatory infiltrate that is rich in eosinophilic leukocytes. Cellular fibronectin and VCAM-1, ligands for α4 integrins, are enriched in the fluid of airways of allergic patients subjected to Ag challenge. We therefore hypothesized that ligands of α4 integrins can promote eosinophil survival independent of cell adhesion. Cellular fibronectin and VCAM-1 increased viability of human peripheral blood eosinophil in a dose- and time-dependant manner whether the ligand was coated on the culture well or added to the medium at the beginning of the assay. Eosinophils cultured with cellular fibronectin were not adherent to the bottom of culture wells after 3 days. Treatment with mAb Fib 30 to β7, but not mAb P4C10 or TS2/16 to β1, increased eosinophil survival. The increased survival of eosinophils incubated with Fib 30 was blocked by Fab fragments of another anti-β7 mAb, Fib 504. Eosinophils incubated with soluble cellular fibronectin or mAb Fib 30 for 6 h demonstrated a higher level of GM-CSF mRNA than eosinophils incubated with medium alone. Addition of neutralizing mAb to GM-CSF during incubation, but not mAbs to IL-3 or IL-5, reduced the enhancement of eosinophil survival by soluble cellular fibronectin or mAb Fib 30 to control levels. Thus, viability of eosinophils incubated with cellular fibronectin or VCAM-1 is due to engagement, probably followed by cross-linking, of α4β7 by soluble ligand (or mAb) that stimulates autocrine production of GM-CSF and promotes eosinophil survival.

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Banner, Miriam A., John G. Cunniffe, Robin L. Macintosh, Timothy J. Foster, Holger Rohde, Dietrich Mack, Emmy Hoyes, Jeremy Derrick, Mathew Upton, and Pauline S. Handley. "Localized Tufts of Fibrils on Staphylococcus epidermidis NCTC 11047 Are Comprised of the Accumulation-Associated Protein." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 7 (February 2, 2007): 2793–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00952-06.

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ABSTRACT Staphylococcus epidermidis is both a human skin commensal and an opportunistic pathogen, causing infections linked to implanted medical devices. This paper describes localized tufts of fibrillar appendages on a subpopulation (25%) of wild-type (WT) S. epidermidis NCTC 11047 cells. The fibrils (122.2 ± 10.8 nm long) are usually in a lateral position on the cells. Fibrillar (Fib+) and nonfibrillar (Fib−) subpopulations were separated (enriched) by 34 sequential partitions of WT cells between a buffer phase and a hexadecane phase. Following enrichment, hydrophobic cells from the hexadecane phase comprised 70% Fib+ cells and the less hydrophobic cells from the buffer phase entirely comprised Fib− cells. The Fib+ and Fib− subpopulations did not revert on subculture (34 times) on solid medium. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell surface proteins from WT, Fib+, and Fib− cells revealed two high-molecular-mass proteins (280 kDa and 230 kDa) on the WT and Fib+ cells that were absent from the Fib− cells. Amino acid sequencing revealed that fragments of both the 280- and 230-kDa proteins had 100% identity to the accumulation-associated protein (Aap). Aap is known to cause biofilm formation if it is truncated by loss of the terminal A domain. Immunogold staining with anti-Aap antibodies labeled tuft fibrils of the WT and Fib+ cells but not the cell surface of Fib− cells. The tufts were labeled with N-terminally directed antibodies (anti-A domain), showing that the fibrillar Aap was not truncated on the cell surface. Thus, the presence of full-length Aap correlated with the low biofilm-forming abilities of both WT and Fib+ S. epidermidis NCTC 11047 populations. Reverse transcription-PCR showed that aap was transcribed in both Fib+ and Fib− cells. We therefore propose that full-length Aap is expressed on cells of S. epidermidis NCTC 11047 as tufts of short fibrils and that fibril expression is regulated at a posttranscriptional level.

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MoberlyChan, Warren J., David P. Adams, Michael J. Aziz, Gerhard Hobler, and Thomas Schenkel. "Fundamentals of Focused Ion Beam Nanostructural Processing: Below, At, and Above the Surface." MRS Bulletin 32, no. 5 (May 2007): 424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2007.66.

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AbstractThis article considers the fundamentals of what happens in a solid when it is impacted by a medium-energy gallium ion. The study of the ion/sample interaction at the nanometer scale is applicable to most focused ion beam (FIB)–based work even if the FIB/sample interaction is only a step in the process, for example, micromachining or microelectronics device processing. Whereas the objective in other articles in this issue is to use the FIB tool to characterize a material or to machine a device or transmission electron microscopy sample, the goal of the FIB in this article is to have the FIB/sample interaction itself become the product. To that end, the FIB/sample interaction is considered in three categories according to geometry: below, at, and above the surface. First, the FIB ions can penetrate the top atom layer(s) and interact below the surface. Ion implantation and ion damage on flat surfaces have been comprehensively examined; however, FIB applications require the further investigation of high doses in three-dimensional profiles. Second, the ions can interact at the surface, where a morphological instability can lead to ripples and surface self-organization, which can depend on boundary conditions for site-specific and compound FIB processing. Third, the FIB may interact above the surface (and/or produce secondary particles that interact above the surface). Such ion beam–assisted deposition, FIB–CVD (chemical vapor deposition), offers an elaborate complexity in three dimensions with an FIB using a gas injection system. At the nanometer scale, these three regimes—below, at, and above the surface—can require an interdependent understanding to be judiciously controlled by the FIB.

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O'Toole, E. T. "Fibrinogen binding to activated thrombocytes." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 962–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100129097.

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Avian thrombocytes (TC) are involved in hemostasis through a fibrinogen (Fib) mediated process. Although Fib acts to bridge cells, the localization of Fib binding sites on cells has not been characterized. Described is Fib binding to TC activated either for aggregation while in suspension or following adhesion to formvar. Use of colloidal gold both conjugated to the ligand, Fib, and indirectly as an immuno-gold probe against an antibody specific for the Fib receptor, enabled visualization of the binding regions. Fib receptor 3-D organization was revealed by serial reconstructions of TC aggregates and by whole cell mount stereo microscopy.Pigeon TC, obtained from citrated (1:9) blood by differential centrifugation, were washed in Ca++ free Puck's saline G (pH 6.5). Pigeon Fib was conjugated to 15 nm gold by vortexing and used to facilitate TC aggregation to 0.5 U/ml thrombin and 3 mM Ca++.

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Wang, Sheng, Xiaoyong Duan, Xingtai Liu, Liuchun Wu, Yan Zhang, and Xin Jin. "Improving equivalence in fibrinogen evaluation between the prothrombin time-derived fibrinogen assay and Clauss method using a pooled plasma calibrator." Journal of Clinical Pathology 74, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206572.

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AimsBoth the Clauss and prothrombin time-derived fibrinogen (PT-Fib) methods have widely been used in fibrinogen (Fib) evaluation. We aimed to improve the interchangeability between these two methods.MethodsThirty fresh plasmas of low, normal and high Fib concentration were mixed to prepare the pooled human plasma. The Fib concentration was assessed by the Clauss method. The PT-Fib values were further recalibrated by the assigned plasma pools and the precision, linearity and reference intervals were verified according to the guidelines of American Society for Clinical and Laboratory Standards (CLSI) EP15-A and EP6-A documents. Finally, the recalibrated PT-Fib method was compared with Clauss method by the simultaneous Fib test of total 5259 coagulation samples.ResultsThe results indicated that the recalibrated PT-Fib method can detect the Fib concentration with clinically acceptable third-order linearity in the range of 1.27–8.00 g/L. Only one result out of 39 healthy people tested using the recalibrated PT-Fib method did not fall within the reference range defined by the manufacturer. We also found more than 99% of results between these two methods were interchangeable in the range of 1.51–8.00 g/L. The disagreement between these two methods was found only in patients with certain underlying conditions.ConclusionsAfter recalibration, the consistency between the PT-Fib and Clauss methods was enhanced and the interchangeability was improved. The application of the recalibrated PT-Fib method provided accurate and reliable results with the manufacturer-provided reagents and improved detection speed and cost-effectiveness.

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Shaikh, Fida Hussain, Shaista Zeb, Kashif Aziz Siddiqui, Muhammad Aamir Ghori, Muhammad Sadik Memon, and Madiha Zaki. "FIB-4 INDEX:." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 10 (October 6, 2017): 1501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.10.703.

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Objectives: To assess the diagnostic validity of FIB-4 for predicting hepaticfibrosis in patients of chronic hepatitis C genotype 3. Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Isra University Hospital, Hyderabadthrough convenient sampling. Period: June 2013 to June 2014. Methods: Diagnostic validity ofFIB-4 index for predicting hepatic fibrosis was determined by measuring sensitivity, specificity,positive productive, negative predictive value, and compared these parameters with liverbiopsy. The liver histology was determined by METAVIR score. Results: A total 115 patientswere enrolled with mean and SD of age was 39.6 ± 9.3 years. Dividing FIB-4 index into threecategories as <1.45, 1.45 - 3.25, and >3.25; by using the Obuchowski method the AUROC was0.93 (with 95% CI 0.91, 0.95). When dividing the FIB-4 index in to three categories as <1.45,1.45 - <2.25 and >2.25; the AUROC by using Obuchowski method was 0.87 (with 95% CI 0.83,0.91). Similarly for the diagnosis of Cirrhosis (F = 4 METAVIR) on the predictive value of thenon-invasive test FIB-4 while using Obuchowski method the AUROC was 0.85 (with 95% CI0.83, 0.87). Conclusion: The FIB-4 index is a simple, inexpensive, non-invasive, and a quicktest for predicting liver fibrosis in patients of chronic Hepatitis C genotype 3.

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Gamo, Kenji. "Nanofabrication by FIB." Microelectronic Engineering 32, no. 1-4 (September 1996): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-9317(96)00003-2.

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Litzner, H. U. "FIP + CEB = fib." Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 98, no. 10 (October 2003): 623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/best.200302600.

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Van Leer, Brandon, Huikai Cheng, and Mikhail Dutka. "Ar+ FIB Milling and Measurement of FIB Damage in Silicon." Microscopy and Microanalysis 25, S2 (August 2019): 886–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927619005166.

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Van Leer, Brandon, Huikai Cheng, and Jessica Riesterer. "Ga+ FIB Milling and Measurement of FIB Damage in Sapphire." Microscopy and Microanalysis 20, S3 (August 2014): 346–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614003456.

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Houston, Brian A., and Ryan J. Tedford. "Is pulmonary artery wedge pressure a Fib in A-Fib?" European Journal of Heart Failure 19, no. 11 (September 25, 2017): 1491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.992.

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McPherson, Stuart, Jessica K. Dyson, Laura Jopson, Steven Masson, Preya Patel, and Quentin M. Anstee. "How effective are experienced hepatologists at staging fibrosis using non‐invasive fibrosis tests in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease?" Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, June 11, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apt.18061.

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SummaryBackgroundSequential use of non‐invasive fibrosis tests (NITs) to identify patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis is recommended. However, it remains unclear how reliable clinicians are staging liver fibrosis using combinations of NITs.AimOur aim was to assess concordance between NIT‐based ‘clinician fibrosis assessment (CFA)’ and histology in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and compare this with established algorithmic approaches.MethodsSix experienced hepatologists independently staged 230 MASLD patients for advanced fibrosis (F0‐2 vs F3‐4) using FIB‐4, FIB‐4+ELF, FIB‐4+ vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE; Fibroscan™) and FIB‐4+ELF+VTCE. Concordance between histology and CFA or algorithmic approaches were assessed.ResultsA total of 230 patients were included (median age 54 [22–78] years; 55% female; median FIB‐4 1.21 [IQR: 0.78–1.91]; ELF 9.3 [IQR: 8.6–10.2]; VCTE 9.4 [IQR: 6.3–14.3]; 41% F0‐1, 22% F2, 21% F3 and 16% F4). Overall, area under the receiver operator curves for histologic F3‐4 for the raw tests were 0.84 for FIB‐4, 0.86 for ELF and 0.86 for VCTE. Concordance between the hepatologists was good (FIB4, κ = 0.64; FIB‐4+ELF, κ = 0.70; FIB‐4+VCTE, κ = 0.69; FIB‐4+ELF+VCTE, κ = 0.70). Concordance between individual CFA and histology was variable, which was reflected in variability in sensitivity (44%–84%) and specificity (76%–94%). Concordance with histology was better when clinicians used NIT combinations. Purely algorithmic approaches, particularly sequential use of FIB‐4 then VCTE, tended to perform better than the CFA.ConclusionsAdhering to the recommended algorithmic approaches using NITs to stage fibrosis tended to perform more accurately than less‐structured clinician NIT‐based assessments conducted by experienced hepatologists.

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m, Aslihan. "Interaction Of Newly Developed Markers Of Insulin Resistance And Liver Fibrosis." Annals of Medical Research, 2024, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/annalsmedres.2024.07.114.

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Introduction: Insulin resistance is one of the most common causes of liver fibrosis. Instead of the Homeostatic Model Assessment- Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index, which has been used to indicate insulin resistance for many years, Triglyceride-Glucose index (TyG) has recently been used, which is thought to be more predictive. (AST) to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4) are newly developed markers to indicate liver fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between TyG and HOMA-IR and APRI and FIB-4. Material and Methods: 8618 patients who applied to Turgut Özal Medical Center internal medicine outpatient clinic between March 2019 and March 2024 were retrospectively examined. APRI and FIB-4 levels were compared in patients by grouping them by age and as having/not having insulin resistance according to TyG and HOMA-IR Results: There was a statistically significant positive correlation between TyG with APRI and FIB4. (ρ= 0.041, p<0.001 for APRI and ρ= 0.109, p<0.001 for FIB4). There was a significant difference in APRI and FIB-4 in the grouping made according to the presence of insulin resistance. In the grouping made according to glycemic status, FIB-4 was significantly different among all subgroups( p<0.001 for each), while there was no significant difference in APRI. Conclusion: Insulin resistance is one of the conditions that should be closely monitored not only because it predisposes to diabetes but also because it causes dysfunction in liver. Newly diagnosed indexes may be useful to folow-up this patient before any symptoms ocur. Widespread use of these indices especially FIB-4 index which we claim that it is more predictive than others, in clinical practice may be beneficial due to their predictive effects and noninvasiveness.

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Tian, Yi-Bo, Hong Niu, Feng Xu, Peng-Wei Shang-Guan, and Wei-Wei Song. "ALBI score combined with FIB-4 index to predict post-hepatectomy liver failure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma." Scientific Reports 14, no. 1 (April 5, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58205-5.

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AbstractPost-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is a potentially life-threatening complication following liver resection. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often occurs in patients with chronic liver disease, which increases the risk of PHLF. This study aimed to investigate the ability of the combination of liver function and fibrosis markers (ALBI score and FIB-4 index) to predict PHLF in patients with HCC. Patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC between August 2012 and September 2022 were considered for inclusion. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with PHLF, and ALBI score and FIB-4 index were combined based on their regression coefficients. The performance of the combined ALBI-FIB4 score in predicting PHLF and postoperative mortality was compared with Child–Pugh score, MELD score, ALBI score, and FIB-4 index. A total of 215 patients were enrolled in this study. PHLF occurred in 35 patients (16.3%). The incidence of severe PHLF (grade B and grade C PHLF) was 9.3%. Postoperative 90‐d mortality was 2.8%. ALBI score, FIB-4 index, prothrombin time, and extent of liver resection were identified as independent factors for predicting PHLF. The AUC of the ALBI-FIB4 score in predicting PHLF was 0.783(95%CI: 0.694–0.872), higher than other models. The ALBI-FIB4 score could divide patients into two risk groups based on a cut-off value of − 1.82. High-risk patients had a high incidence of PHLF of 39.1%, while PHLF just occurred in 6.6% of low-risk patients. Similarly, the AUCs of the ALBI-FIB4 score in predicting severe PHLF and postoperative 90-d mortality were also higher than other models. Preoperative ALBI-FIB4 score showed good performance in predicting PHLF and postoperative mortality in patients undergoing hepatectomy for HCC, superior to the currently commonly used liver function and fibrosis scoring systems.

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Semmler, Georg, Lukas Hartl, Yuly Paulin Mendoza, Benedikt Simbrunner, Mathias Jachs, Lorenz Balcar, Michael Schwarz, et al. "Simple blood tests to diagnose compensated advanced chronic liver disease and stratify risk of clinically significant portal hypertension." Hepatology, March 6, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hep.0000000000000829.

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Background & Aims: Compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) identifies patients at risk for clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH), and thus, for liver-related complications. Limited availability of liver stiffness measurements (LSM) impedes the identification of patients at risk for cACLD/CSPH outside of specialized clinics. We aimed to develop a blood-based algorithm to identify cACLD by FIB-4 and CSPH by von Willebrand factor/platelet count ratio (VITRO). Approach & Results: Patients with (suspected) compensated chronic liver disease undergoing FIB4+LSM were included in the LSM/FIB-4-cohorts from Vienna&Salzburg. The HVPG/VITRO-cohorts included patients undergoing hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG)-measurement+VITRO from Vienna&Bern. LSM/FIB-4-derivation-cohort: We included 6143 patients of whom 211 (3.4%) developed hepatic decompensation. 1724 (28.1%) had LSM ≥10 kPa, which corresponded to FIB-4≥1.75. Importantly, both LSM (AUROC:0.897 [95%CI:0.865-0.929]) and FIB-4 (AUROC:0.914 [95%CI:0.885-0.944]) were similarly accurate in predicting hepatic decompensation within 3 years. FIB-4≥1.75 identified patients at risk for first hepatic decompensation (5y-cumulative incidence:7.6%), while in those <1.75, risk was negligible (0.3%). HVPG/VITRO-derivation-cohort: 247 patients of whom 202 had cACLD/FIB-4≥1.75 were included. VITRO exhibited an excellent diagnostic performance for CSPH (AUROC:0.889 [95%CI:0.844-0.934]), similar to LSM (AUROC:0.856 [95%CI:0.801-0.910], p=0.351) and the ANTICIPATE model (AUROC:0.910 [95%CI:0.869-0.952], p=0.498). VITRO<1.0/≥2.5 ruled-out (sensitivity:100.0%)/ruled-in (specificity:92.4%) CSPH. The diagnostic performance was comparable to Baveno-VII criteria. LSM/FIB-4-derivation-cohort findings were externally validated in n=1560 patients, while HVPG/VITRO-derivation-cohort findings were internally (n=133) and externally (n=55) validated. Conclusion: Simple, broadly available laboratory tests (FIB-4/VITRO) facilitate cACLD detection and CSPH risk stratification in patients with (suspected) liver disease. This blood-based approach is applicable outside of specialized clinics and may promote early intervention.

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Namakchian, Maryam, Soghra Rabizadeh, Sara Seifouri, Hassan Asadigandomani, Melika Arab Bafrani, Kiana Seifouri, Foroogh Alborzi Avanaki, Armin Rajab, Manouchehr Nakhjavani, and Alireza Esteghamati. "Fibrosis score 4 index has an independent relationship with coronary artery diseases in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease." Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome 15, no. 1 (March 25, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13098-023-01031-y.

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Abstract Background Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), one of the most common liver diseases, is detected in patients with concomitant hepatic steatosis and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). We looked into the relationship between Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index and coronary artery diseases (CAD) in patients with MAFLD, to further look into the efficiency of FIB-4 in screening for CAD among patients with MAFLD. Method In this study, we included 1664 patients with MAFLD (T2D, who also had hepatic steatosis) during 2012–2022 and divided them into 2 groups; CAD and non-CAD. Demographic, Anthropometric indices, liver function tests, lipid profile and FIB-4 index of all patients were evaluated and compared. Result Among the 1644 patients (all have MAFLD), 364(21.4%) had CAD. Patients with MAFLD and CAD were more probable to be hypertensive, have longer duration of diabetes and be older (with p-values < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, in a multivariable logistic regression model, FIB4 showed a significant independent relationship with concomitant MAFLD and CAD. Upper Tertile FIB-4 had an odds ratio of 3.28 (P-value = 0.002) to predict CAD. Furthermore, in Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve analysis with the maximum Youden Index, a FIB-4 cut-off of 0.85 (AUC = 0.656, 95% CI 0.618–0.693, P < 0.001) noted to predict CAD in patients with MAFLD. Conclusion This study showed that the FIB-4 score independently correlates with CAD in patients with MAFLD.

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"fib ‐news." Structural Concrete 21, no. 6 (December 2020): 2869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/suco.202070061.

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"fib ‐news." Structural Concrete 22, no. 1 (February 2021): 576–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/suco.202070010.

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"fib ‐news." Structural Concrete 22, no. 2 (April 2021): 1245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/suco.202070020.

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"fib ‐news." Structural Concrete 22, no. 4 (August 2021): 2493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/suco.202170040.

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"fib ‐news." Structural Concrete 22, no. 3 (June 2021): 1245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/suco.202170030.

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"fib–news." Structural Concrete 1, no. 2 (June 2000): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2000.1.2.107.

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"fib—news." Structural Concrete 2, no. 1 (March 2001): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2001.2.1.41.

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"fib—news,." Structural Concrete 2, no. 2 (June 2001): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2001.2.2.101.

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"fib-news." Structural Concrete 2, no. 3 (September 2001): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2001.2.3.175.

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"fib-news." Structural Concrete 2, no. 4 (December 2001): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2001.2.4.225.

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"fib-news." Structural Concrete 3, no. 1 (March 2002): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2002.3.1.35.

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"fib-news." Structural Concrete 3, no. 2 (June 2002): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2002.3.2.107.

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"fib-news." Structural Concrete 3, no. 3 (September 2002): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2002.3.3.155.

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"fib-news." Structural Concrete 3, no. 4 (December 2002): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2002.3.4.213.

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"fib–news." Structural Concrete 4, no. 1 (March 2003): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2003.4.1.45.

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"fib–news." Structural Concrete 4, no. 2 (June 2003): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2003.4.2.85.

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"fib–news." Structural Concrete 5, no. 1 (March 2004): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2004.5.1.39.

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"fib–news." Structural Concrete 5, no. 2 (June 2004): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2004.5.2.85.

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