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Sathish, S., T. Ganapathy, and Thiyagarajan Bhoopathy. "Experimental Testing on Hybrid Composite Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.339.
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In recent trend, the most used fiber reinforced composite is the glass fiber composite. The glass-fiber composites have high strength and mechanical properties but it is costlier than sisal and jute fiber. Though the availability of the sisal and jute fiber is more, it cannot be used for high strength applications. A high strength-low cost fiber may serve the purpose. This project focuses on the experimental testing of hybrid composite materials. The hybrid composite materials are manufactured using three different fibers - sisal, glass and jute with epoxy resin with weight ratio of fiber to resin as 30:70. Four combinations of composite materials viz., sisal-epoxy, jute-epoxy, sisal-glass-epoxy and sisal-jute-epoxy are manufactured to the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards. The specimens are tested for their mechanical properties such as tensile and impact strength in Universal Testing machine. The results are compared with that of the individual properties of the glass fiber, sisal fiber, jute fiber composite and improvements in the strength-weight ratio and mechanical properties are studied.
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Öztaş, Saniye Karaman. "Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials in Architecture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 1171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.1171.
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Composite materials are made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties. The materials work together to give the composite more excellent properties than its components.Fiber reinforced composite materials constitute a widely used group of the composites. There are many researches about fiber reinforced composites. This study focused on fiber reinforced composite materials used in architecture unlike other researches. It was aimed to specify the benefits of the fiber composite materials for architecture and discussed several recent developments related to these materials. A literature review was made by grouping composites materials. The study reported that more research is needed for fiber reinforced composites to improve their technical performance, environmental and economic properties.
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Gerezgiher, Alula Gebresas, Halefom Aregay Bsrat, Andrea Simon, and Tamás Szabó. "Development and Characterization of Sisal Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite Materials." International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 3, 2019): 348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2019.1.43.
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In most of the developing countries, plastic polypropylene is not fully recycled and converted in-to use after it is once used. Sisal fiber is also widely available in different developing countries like Ethiopia. Adding this two materials and developing automotive interior part was taken as a primary motive for it reduces cost and is environmentally friendly. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to develop composite material from natural fibre (sisal fiber) reinforced with recycled plastic waste (polypropylene) for interior automobile accessories specifically for internal door trim panel application. This research examines effect of fiber length, fiber loading and chemical treatment of fiber on the physical and chemical properties of the sisal fiber reinforced polypropylene (SFRPP) composite material. The waste polypropylene and the treated and untreated sisal fiber with variable length and weight ratio (fiber/matrix ratio) were mixed. Flammability of sisal fiber reinforced Polypropylene (SFRPP) composites material was examined by a horizontal burning test according to ASTM D635 and chemical resistance of the sisal fibre reinforced PP composites was studied using ASTM D543 testing method. The result on the flammability test shows that treated fiber has lower burning rate than untreated fiber and decreases with increase in fiber length and fiber loading. The resistance of the composites to water has increased as the fiber length increases and decreased as the fiber loading increase. Generally, SFRPP composite is found to have better resistance to water than NaOH and H2SO4 and treating the fiber has brought considerable improvement on chemical resistance of the composite. Fiber loading and fiber length has positive and negative effect on the flammability of the SFRPP composite respectively.
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Lim, Jae Kyoo, Jun Hee Song, Jun Yong Choi, and Hyo Jin Kim. "Effects of Matrix on Mechanical Property Test Bamboo Fiber Composite Materials." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 1529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.1529.
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In recent years, the use of natural fibers as reinforcements in polymer composites to replace synthetic fibers like glass is presently receiving increasing attention. Because of their increasing use combined with high demand, the cost of thermosetting resin has increased rapidly over the past decades. However the widely used synthetic fillers such as glass fiber are very expensive compared to natural fibers. Natural fiber-reinforced thermosetting composites are more economized to produce than the original thermosetting. Moreover the use of natural fiber in thermosetting composites is highly beneficial, because the use of natural fibers will be increased. In this study, a bamboo fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite that made the RTM was evaluated to mechanical properties.
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MASAO, SUMITA. "Composite Materials." Sen'i Gakkaishi 45, no. 12 (1989): P556—P563. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.45.12_p556.
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Zhang, Chun Hua, Jin Bao Zhang, Mu Chao Qu, and Jian Nan Zhang. "Toughness Properties of Basalt/Carbon Fiber Hybrid Composites." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 732–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.732.
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Basalt fiber and carbon fiber hybrid with alternate stacking sequences reinforced epoxy composites have been developed to improve the toughness properties of conventional carbon fiber reinforced composite materials. For comparison, plain carbon fiber laminate composite and plain basalt fiber laminate composite have also been fabricated. The toughness properties of each laminate have been studied by an open hole compression test. The experimental results confirm that hybrid composites containing basalt fibers display 46% higher open hole compression strength than that of plain carbon fiber composites. It is indicated that the hybrid composite laminates are less sensitive to open hole compared with plain carbon fiber composite laminate and high toughness properties can be prepared by fibers' hybrid.
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Rajak, Dipen, Durgesh Pagar, Pradeep Menezes, and Emanoil Linul. "Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Manufacturing, Properties, and Applications." Polymers 11, no. 10 (October 12, 2019): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101667.
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Composites have been found to be the most promising and discerning material available in this century. Presently, composites reinforced with fibers of synthetic or natural materials are gaining more importance as demands for lightweight materials with high strength for specific applications are growing in the market. Fiber-reinforced polymer composite offers not only high strength to weight ratio, but also reveals exceptional properties such as high durability; stiffness; damping property; flexural strength; and resistance to corrosion, wear, impact, and fire. These wide ranges of diverse features have led composite materials to find applications in mechanical, construction, aerospace, automobile, biomedical, marine, and many other manufacturing industries. Performance of composite materials predominantly depends on their constituent elements and manufacturing techniques, therefore, functional properties of various fibers available worldwide, their classifications, and the manufacturing techniques used to fabricate the composite materials need to be studied in order to figure out the optimized characteristic of the material for the desired application. An overview of a diverse range of fibers, their properties, functionality, classification, and various fiber composite manufacturing techniques is presented to discover the optimized fiber-reinforced composite material for significant applications. Their exceptional performance in the numerous fields of applications have made fiber-reinforced composite materials a promising alternative over solitary metals or alloys.
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Lopena, Jerome D., and Jeremiah C. Millare. "Mechanical Properties and Thermal Analysis of Salago and Coir Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites." Key Engineering Materials 889 (June 16, 2021): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.889.3.
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The utilization of natural fibers in composites continues to increase due to their advantages over the synthetic fiber materials especially in terms of environmental impact and costs. One of the techniques that can be used to further enhance the properties of these natural fiber reinforced composites is through fiber hybridization. In this study, salago and coir fibers were reinforced in the epoxy resin to form a new hybrid composite. The salago to coir fiber weight ratios considered in the fiber hybridization were 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3. The performance of these hybrid fiber composites were compared to pure coir fiber composite and salago fiber composite in terms of impact strength, tensile properties and flexural properties. Among the hybrid fiber composites, the fiber weight ratio of 3:1 has the highest tensile strength (33.8 MPa), tensile modulus (3.57 GPa), flexural strength (44.2 MPa) and impact strength (42.3 J/m). It was found out that the addition of coir to this hybrid fiber composite improves the tensile strength by about 21.1 % as compared to the salago fiber composite. On the other hand, the addition of salago fiber to this hybrid fiber composite resulted to a higher tensile modulus (43.4 %) and impact strength (25.5 %) than the coir fiber composite. Moreover, the thermal analysis of the composites revealed a peak degradation temperature at around 370 °C which is associated to the decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose and epoxy resin.
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Sloan, Forrest, and Huy Nguyen. "Mechanical Characterization of Extended-Chain Polyethylene (ECPE) Fiber-Reinforced Composites." Journal of Composite Materials 29, no. 16 (November 1995): 2092–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002199839502901601.
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Composite materials reinforced with extended-chain polyethylene (ECPE) fibers are unlike typical stiff and brittle composite materials such as graphite/epoxy or fiberglass. The high ductility and energy absorption capacity of the ECPE reinforcing fibers gives these composites a unique mechanical response which makes them ideally suited for a variety of applications. However, this dissimilarity with more common materials requires special consideration of mechanical properties testing. In this paper, the mechanical behavior of ECPE-fiber-reinforced composites is investigated using standard composite test methods. Results of these tests are presented and discussed based on the properties of the ECPE reinforcing fibers and on the assumptions inherent in the test methods. ECPE/epoxy composites are characterized by high ultimate tensile strength, high tensile modulus, low shear modulus and strength, and viscoelastic response to loading. The highest available combination of fiber strength and strain-to-failure gives this material ductility and energy absorption capacity significantly higher than other common composite materials. Applications of ECPE composites are discussed.
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Mohan, TP, and K. Kanny. "Processing of high weight fraction banana fiber reinforced epoxy composites using pressure induced dip casting method." Journal of Composite Materials 55, no. 17 (January 20, 2021): 2301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320988044.
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The objective of this work is to realize new polymer composite material containing high amount of natural fibers as a bio-based reinforcement phase. Short banana fiber is chosen as a reinforcement material and epoxy polymer as a matrix material. About 77 wt.% of banana fibers were reinforced in the epoxy polymer matrix composite, using pressure induced fiber dipping method. Nanoclay particles were infused into the banana fibers to improve the fiber matrix interface properties. The nanoclay infused banana fiber were used to reinforce epoxy composite and its properties were compared with untreated banana fiber reinforced epoxy composite and banana fiber reinforced epoxy filled with nanoclay matrix composite. The surface characteristics of these composites were examined by electron microscope and the result shows well dispersed fibers in epoxy matrix. Thermal (thermogravimetry analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis), mechanical (tensile and fiber pullout) and water barrier properties of these composites were examined and the result showed that the nanoclay infused banana fiber reinforced epoxy composite shows better and improved properties. Improved surface finish composite was also obtained by this processing technique.
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Liu, G., R. Ghosh, D. Mousanezhad, A. Vaziri, and H. Nayeb-Hashemi. "Thermal conductivity of biomimetic leaf composite." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 13 (September 21, 2017): 1737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317733316.
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The venous morphology of a typical plant leaf affects its mechanical and thermal properties. Such a material could be considered as a fiber reinforced composite structure where the veins and the rest of the leaf are considered as two materials having highly contrast mechanical and thermal properties. The variegated venations found in nature is idealized into three principal fibers—the central mid-fiber corresponding to the mid-rib, straight parallel secondary fibers attached to the mid-fiber representing the secondary veins, and then another set of parallel fibers emanating from the secondary fibers mimicking the tertiary veins of a typical leaf. This paper addresses the in-plane thermal conductivity of such a composite by considering such a venous fiber morphology embedded in a matrix material. We have considered two cases, fibers having either higher or lower conductivity respect to the matrix. The tertiary fibers do not interconnect the secondary fibers in our present study. We carry out finite element based computational investigation of the thermal conductivity of these composites under uniaxial thermal gradients and study the effect of different fiber architectures. To this end, we use two broad types of architectures both having similar central main fiber but differing in either having only secondary fibers or additional tertiary fibers. The fiber and matrix volume fractions are kept constant and a comparative parametric study is carried out by varying the inclination of the secondary fibers. We find the heat conductivity in the direction of the main fiber (Y direction) increases significantly as the fiber angle of the secondary increases. Furthermore, for composite with metal fibers, the conductivity in the Y direction is further enhanced when composite is manufactured by having secondary fibers forming a closed cell structure. However, for composite with ceramic fibers, the conductivity of the composite in the Y direction is little affected by having secondary fibers closed. An opposite behavior is observed when considering conductivity of the composite in the X direction. The conductivity of the composite in the X direction is reduced with increase in the angle of the secondary fibers. Higher conductivity in the X direction is achieved for composite with no closed cells for composites with metal fibers. The results also indicate that for composites with the constant fiber volume fraction, morphology of tertiary fibers may not significantly alter material conductivities. In conclusion, introducing a leaf-mimicking topology in fiber architecture can provide significant additional degrees of tunability in design of these composite structures.
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He, Jingjing, Junping Shi, Yong Zhang, Yali Bi, and Lihao Fan. "Effect of Fractal-Based Fiber Clustering on Tensile Properties of BFRP." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (July 6, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3382200.
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To explore the clustering phenomenon of discontinuous fibers in composite materials, this paper deduces the fiber uniform distribution coefficient and analytical expressions of fiber clustering content based on fractal theory and establishes a tensile strength prediction model of fiber/epoxy resin composite materials containing cluster fibers. With basalt fiber/epoxy resin composites (BFRP) as an example, this paper analyzes the tensile strength law of BFRP under fiber clustering effect. The results show that when the fiber volume fraction is constant, the tensile strength of the composite in the presence of agglomerated fibers is only related to the fractal dimension of the circumference and cross-sectional area of the inner fiber agglomerate. The calculated value of the composite tensile strength based on fractal theory is lower than the experimental value, but closer to the experimental value than the approximate method. The research conclusions can provide theoretical support for strength prediction of fiber/epoxy resin composites.
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Ansari, Md Touhid Alam, Kalyan Kumar Singh, and Mohammad Sikandar Azam. "Fatigue damage analysis of fiber-reinforced polymer composites—A review." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 37, no. 9 (February 28, 2018): 636–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684418754713.
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Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are becoming suitable and substantial materials in the repair and replacement of conventional metallic materials because of their high strength and stiffness. These composites undergo various types of static and fatigue loads during service. One of the major tests that conventional and composite materials have to experience is fatigue test. It refers to the testing for the cyclic behavior of materials. Composite materials are different from metals, as they indicate a distinct behavior under fatigue loading. The fatigue damage and failure mechanisms are more intricate in composite materials than in metals in which a crack initiates and propagates up to fracture. In composite materials, several micro-cracks initiate at the primary stage of the fatigue growth, resulting in the initiation of various types of fatigue damage. Fiber volume fraction is an important parameter to describe a composite laminate. The fatigue strength increases with the increase of the fiber volume fraction to a certain level and then decreases because of the lack of enough resin to grip the fibers. The fatigue behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer composites depends on various factors, e.g., constituent materials, manufacturing process, hysteresis heating, fiber orientation, type of loading, interface properties, frequency, mean stress, environment. This review paper explores the effects of various parameters like fiber type, fiber orientation, fiber volume fraction, etc. on the fatigue behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer composites.
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Raghu, M. J., and Govardhan Goud. "Tribological Properties of Calotropis Procera Natural Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Epoxy Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 895 (November 2019): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.895.45.
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Natural fibers are widely used for reinforcement in polymer composite materials and proved to be effectively replacing synthetic fiber reinforced polymer composites to some extent in applications like domestic, automotive and lower end aerospace parts. The natural fiber reinforced composites are environment friendly, have high strength to weight ratio as well as specific strengths comparable with synthetic glass fiber reinforced composites. In the present work, hybrid epoxy composites were fabricated using calotropis procera and glass fibers as reinforcement by hand lay-up method. The fibre reinforcement in epoxy matrix was maintained at 20 wt%. In 20 wt% reinforcement of fibre, the content of calotropis procera and glass fibre were varied from 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%. The dry sliding wear test as per ASTM G99 and three body abrasive wear test as per ASTM G65 were conducted to find the tribological properties by varying speed, load, distance and abrasive size. The hybrid composite having 5 wt% calotropis procera and 15 wt% glass fibre showed less wear loss in hybrid composites both in sliding wear test as well as in abrasive wear test which is comparable with 20 wt% glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite which marked very low wear loss. The SEM analysis was carried out to study the worn out surfaces of dry sliding wear test and three body abrasive wear test specimens.
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Seng, De Wen. "Visualization of Composite Materials’ Microstructure with OpenGL." Applied Mechanics and Materials 189 (July 2012): 478–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.189.478.
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The composite material is made by two or more of the same nature, substance or material combinations together new material. Through appropriate methods, different materials are to be combined with each other sets’ advantages of various materials into one, and to be available to the various properties of new materials. This is the fundamental reason for the rapid development of composite materials and composite technology. The fiber reinforced composite fibrous material in such materials as filler, in order to play an enhanced role. The fiber reinforced composite materials and fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites are discussed in detailed. OpenGL is used to implement visualization of composites' material microstructure, which can specify fiber parameters to gain a basis of visualization.
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Markovičová, Lenka, Viera Zatkalíková, and Patrícia Hanusová. "Carbon Fiber Polymer Composites." Quality Production Improvement - QPI 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cqpi-2019-0037.
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Abstract Carbon fiber reinforced composite materials offer greater rigidity and strength than any other composites, but are much more expensive than e.g. glass fiber reinforced composite materials. Continuous fibers in polyester give the best properties. The fibers carry mechanical loads, the matrix transfers the loads to the fibers, is ductile and tough, protect the fibers from handling and environmental damage. The working temperature and the processing conditions of the composite depend on the matrix material. Polyesters are the most commonly used matrices because they offer good properties at relatively low cost. The strength of the composite increases along with the fiber-matrix ratio and the fiber orientation parallel to the load direction. The longer the fibers, the more effective the load transfer is. Increasing the thickness of the laminate leads to a reduction in the strength of the composite and the modulus of strength, since the likelihood of the presence of defects increases. The aim of this research is to analyze the change in the mechanical properties of the polymer composite. The polymer composite consists of carbon fibers and epoxy resin. The change in compressive strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the fiber orientation was evaluated. At the same time, the influence of the wet environment on the change of mechanical properties of the composite was evaluated.
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Nurazzi, N. M., M. R. M. Asyraf, S. Fatimah Athiyah, S. S. Shazleen, S. Ayu Rafiqah, M. M. Harussani, S. H. Kamarudin, et al. "A Review on Mechanical Performance of Hybrid Natural Fiber Polymer Composites for Structural Applications." Polymers 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 2170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132170.
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In the field of hybrid natural fiber polymer composites, there has been a recent surge in research and innovation for structural applications. To expand the strengths and applications of this category of materials, significant effort was put into improving their mechanical properties. Hybridization is a designed technique for fiber-reinforced composite materials that involves combining two or more fibers of different groups within a single matrix to manipulate the desired properties. They may be made from a mix of natural and synthetic fibers, synthetic and synthetic fibers, or natural fiber and carbonaceous materials. Owing to their diverse properties, hybrid natural fiber composite materials are manufactured from a variety of materials, including rubber, elastomer, metal, ceramics, glasses, and plants, which come in composite, sandwich laminate, lattice, and segmented shapes. Hybrid composites have a wide range of uses, including in aerospace interiors, naval, civil building, industrial, and sporting goods. This study intends to provide a summary of the factors that contribute to natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites’ mechanical and structural failure as well as overview the details and developments that have been achieved with the composites.
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Manurung, Rokki, Sutan Simanjuntak, Jesayas Sembiring, Richard A. M. Napitupulu, and Suriady Sihombing. "Analisa Kekuatan Bahan Komposit Yang Diperkuat Serat Bambu Menggunakan Resin Polyester Dengan Memvariasikan Susunan Serat Secara Acak Dan Lurus Memanjang." SPROCKET JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2, no. 1 (November 5, 2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36655/sproket.v2i1.296.
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Composites are materials which are mixed with one or more different and heterogeneous reinforcement. Matrix materials can generally be polymers, ceramics and metals. The matrix in the composite serves to distribute the load into all reinforcing material. Matrix properties are usually ductile. The reinforcing material in the composite has the role of holding the load received by the composite material. The nature of the reinforcing material is usually rigid and tough. Strengthening materials commonly used so far are carbon fiber, glass fiber, ceramics. The use of natural fibers as a type of fiber that has advantages began to be applied as a reinforcing material in polymer composites. This study seeks to see the effect of the use of bamboo natural fibers in polyester resin matrix on the strength of polymer composites with random and straight lengthwise fiber variations. From the tensile test results it can be seen that bamboo fibers can increase the strength of polymer composites made from polyester resin and the position of the longitudinal fibers gives a significantly more strength increase than random fibers.
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Reddy, M. Gunasekhar, P. Nowshoba, G. Harinath Gowd, and Bathina Sreenivasulu. "Synthesis and Characterization of Hardwickia Binata Fiber with Epoxy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.874.
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For hundreds of year’s composite materials have been playing very crucial role in the field of materials. The applications of composites expanded widely to the aircraft, automotive, sporting goods, and biomedical industries. Today natural fibers like ramie, jowar, sisal, flax, hemp, jute, bamboo, banana, etc. are widely used than the synthetic fibers like glass, carbon, ceramic fibers, etc., because these natural fibres offer several advantages over synthetic fibres. In this project a new natural fiber is introduced to develop Fiber Reinforced Composite. Composite material is fabricated by hand lay-up method by using epoxy resin as the matrix and Hardwickia binata fiber as the reinforcing agent. Mechanical properties such as tensile and impact properties of Hardwickia binata fiber reinforced composites are investigated by varying fiber length and weight fraction. The composite plate is fabricated with different weight fractions of hardwickia binata fiber (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt. %) and different lengths of the fiber (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm). This paper concludes that, the tensile properties increases up to 20 wt. % fiber load with increasing fiber length while the impact properties increases with increasing fiber length and fiber load.
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Wang, Jiankang, Zhijian Li, and Hongwei Lu. "Current Research and Patents of Plant Fiber Composites." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797611666181119105203.
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Background: With the improvement of environment protection awareness, human beings have gradually become aware of that the plastic products, waste are harmful to the human living environment. Therefore, research and application of biodegradable materials that do not rely on petroleum resources have become hot topics. Researchers have accelerated the development and promotion of plant fiber because they are good flexibility, relatively rough surface and biodegradable. Objective: The development of plant fiber composites is reviewed, including composition ratio, interfacial modification, processing technology, and the effects of these technologies on the properties of plant fiber composites. Methods: The paper reviews various patents and research developments about plant fiber composite materials. It also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various patents and technologies from the aspects of biodegradable ability, mechanical properties, dispersing performance, processing properties, cost, and so on. Results: The component proportion, interface modification, and processing technology of plant fiber composite materials are prospected to improve the quality and application of the plant fiber composite materials in the future development. Conclusion: The considerable attention has been paid on the technology of biodegradable plant fiber composite. The recent patents and technologies have shown us a wider application in biodegradable plant fiber composite. The problems how to improve the mechanical properties of plant fibers, the dispersion properties of plant fibers and resins, and the processing properties of composite materials, will need more and more methods and equipment to solve or simplify.
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MAKI, HIROSHI. "Composite Materials." Sen'i Gakkaishi 47, no. 1 (1991): P35—P39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.47.p35.
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Sakthivel, Santhanam, Selvaraj Senthil Kumar, Eshetu Solomon, Gedamnesh Getahun, Yohaness Admassu, Meseret Bogale, Mekdes Gedilu, Alemu Aduna, and Fasika Abedom. "Sound absorbing and insulating properties of natural fiber hybrid composites using sugarcane bagasse and bamboo charcoal." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 16 (January 2021): 155892502110448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250211044818.
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This research paper reports a study on thermal and sound insulation samples developed from sugarcane bagasse and bamboo charcoal for automotive industry applications. The sugarcane bagasse and bamboo charcoal fiber is a potential source of raw material that can be considered for thermal and sound insulation applications. Natural fibers are commonly used in diverse applications and one of the most important applications is sound absorption. Natural fiber hybrid composite currently is in greater demand in industries because of their advantages such as low cost, biodegradability, acceptable physical properties, and so on. Eco-friendly sound-absorbing composite materials have been developed using bamboo charcoal and sugarcane bagasse fibers. From these fibers five types of natural fiber green composite were developed using the compression bonding technique. The natural composite noise control performance contributes to its wider adoption as sound absorbers. The sound absorption coefficient was measured according to ASTM E 1050 by the Impedance tube method. The physical properties of natural fiber composites such as thickness, density, porosity, air permeability, and thermal conductivity were analyzed for all samples in accordance with ASTM Standard. The result exposed that natural fiber green composite were absorbing the sound resistance of more than 70% and the natural fibers composites provide the best acoustic absorption properties, these composite materials have adequate moisture resistance at high humidity conditions without affecting the insulation and acoustic properties.
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MC, Nandini. "Studies on Mechanical and Flexural Strength of Carbon Nano Tube Reinforced with Hemp/Vinyl Ester/Carbon Fiber Laminated Hybrid Composite." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38035.
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Abstract: In Recent days, the natural fibres from renewable natural resources offer the potential to act as a reinforcing material for polymer composites alternative to the use of glass, carbon and other man-made fibres. Among various fibres, Hemp is most widely used natural fibre due to its advantages like easy availability, low density, low production cost and satisfactory mechanical properties. Composite materials play a vital role in the field of materials to meet the stringent demands of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance and near-net shapes. Composite is a structural material that consists of two or more combined constituents that are combined at a macroscopic level and are not soluble in each other. Composites are having two phases that are reinforcing phase like fiber, particle, or flakes & matrix phase like polymers, metals, and ceramics. In this project an attempt is made to prepare different combination of composite materials using hemp/carbon fiber and Carbon nano tube reinforcement and vinyl ester as the matrix material respectively. Composites were prepared according to ASTM standards and following test are carried out Tensile, Flexural and ILSS test. The effect of addition of Carbon nano tubes in hemp/vinyl ester/carbon fibers has been studied & it has been observed that there is a significant effect of fibre loading and performance of hemp/carbon fiber reinforced vinyl ester based hybrid composites with improved results Keywords: Hemp fiber, Vinyl ester, Carbon fiber, Tensile, Flexural and ILSS Test
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Das, Himadri, Pallav Saikia, and Dipul Kalita. "Physico-Mechanical Properties of Banana Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite as an Alternative Building Material." Key Engineering Materials 650 (July 2015): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.650.131.
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Utilization of natural fiber as reinforcing material is the latest trend in polymer science to produce higher strength with lower weight composite materials having wide range of applications. As a natural fiber, banana fiber is getting importance in recent years in the reinforcement arena of polymer composite. Two species of banana vizMusa sapientumandMusa paradisicaavailable in North East India were selected considering their higher fiber yield and adequate strength properties of the fibers. The chemical compositions, spectroscopic and thermal properties of these fibers were studied in order to study their suitability for commercial exploration. Low density polyethylene (LDPE)-banana fiber reinforced composites were prepared using hydraulic hot press. Physico-mechanical properties (e.g. tensile strength, flexural strength, elongation at break, Young's modulus) of the prepared composites were determined. The tensile strengths and flexural strengths of the composites increased while using LDPE 10 to 30 % of the fiber and then started to decrease gradually. Young moduli of the composites increased with the increase of fiber mass. Water absorption also increased accordingly with the increase of the fiber weight. The elongation at break decreased with increasing fiber quantity. The mechanical strength properties of chemically treated banana fiber-LDPE composites were slightly higher than the mechanically extracted fiber-LDPE composites. Structural analyses of the treated fibers were carried out by FTIR and XRD. These studied revealed due to the removal of noncellulosic constituents such as hemicelluloses and lignin the crystalline properties of the fibers were increased. All the properties of composite like tensile strength, flexural strength, water absorption capacity etc. plays a significant role in these polymer composite materials. Hence it can be concluded that banana fiber can be used as reinforced agent successfully in the composite industry as a sustainable building material.
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Sailesh, Ashwin, C. Shanjeevi, and J. Jeswin Arputhabalan. "Tensile Strength of Banana – Bamboo – Glass Fiber Reinforced Natural Fiber Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1195.
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The developments in the field of composite materials are growing tremendously day by day. One such development is the use of natural fibers as reinforcement in the composite material. This is attributed to the fact that natural fibers are environmental friendly, economical, easily available and non-abrasive. Mixing of natural fiber with Glass Fibers is finding increased applications. In this present investigation Banana – Bamboo – Glass fiber reinforced natural fiber composites is fabricated by Hand – Layup technique with varying fiber orientation such as [0°G, 90°BM, 0°BN, 0°G], [0°G, 0°BM, +45°BN, 0°G] and [0°G, 0°BM, 90°BN, 0°G] and are tested for its tensile strength. The tensile strength of the fabricated composites is evaluated. The results indicated that the natural fiber composite with the fiber orientation of [0°G, 0°BM, 90°BN, 0°G] can withstand more load when compared to the samples with other fiber orientation. Nomenclature Used: BN – Banana fiber BM – Bamboo fiber G – Glass fiber
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Ismail, Nur Farhani, Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan, Abu Bakar Sulong, Norhamidi Muhamad, and Che Hassan Che Haron. "The Effect of Alkali Treatment on Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Kenaf Fiber and Polymer Epoxy Composites." Polymers 13, no. 12 (June 19, 2021): 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13122005.
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The use of kenaf fiber as a reinforcement material for polymer composites is gaining popularity, especially in the production of automotive components. The main objective of this current work is to relate the effect of alkali treatment on the single fiber itself and the composite material simultaneously. The effect of temperature condition during mechanical testing is also investigated. Composite materials with discontinuous natural kenaf fibers and epoxy resin were fabricated using a compression moulding process. The epoxy composites were reinforced with 50 wt% untreated and treated kenaf fibers. The kenaf fiber was treated with NaOH solution (6% by weight) for 24 h at room temperature. Kenaf fiber treated with NaOH treatment had a clean surface and no impurities. For the first time we can see that alkali treatment had a damaging effect on the mechanical properties of kenaf fibers itself and the treated kenaf/epoxy composites. The composite reinforced with untreated kenaf fiber and treated kenaf fiber showed increased tensile strength (72.85% and 12.97%, respectively) compared to the neat epoxy. Reinforcement of the composite with treated kenaf fiber decreased the tensile strength due to the fiber pull out and the formation of voids which weakens the adhesion between the fibers and matrix. The temperature conditions also play an important role in composites with a significant impact on the deterioration of composite materials. Treated kenaf fiber has thermal stability and is not sensitive to temperature and as a result reinforcement with treated kenaf gives a lower loss value of 76%.
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MINODA, Yoshio. "Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials." Tetsu-to-Hagane 75, no. 9 (1989): 1777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.75.9_1777.
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Norita, Toshiaki. "Fiber reinforced composite materials." Kobunshi 34, no. 11 (1985): 910–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.34.910.
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Christensen, R. M. "Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials." Applied Mechanics Reviews 38, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 1267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3143688.
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Fiber-reinforced composite materials offer considerable performance advantages over conventional materials. New fiber developments place a premium upon understanding the mechanical interactions between phases in order to optimize the composition. Of particular importance are the means of quantifying damage states and predicting nonlinear behavior. Special attention is given to such areas as damage/failure/life prediction, environmental effects, nondestructive evaluation, interface conditions, and data base generation.
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Xu, Yun Yun, Tao Zhang, Zhen Rong Lin, Shan Dan Zhou, and Xin Xu. "Advances in Research of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1607–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1607.
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Carbon fibers combine low weight and exceptional mechanical properties,making them ideal reinforcements forpolymer composite materials. An attempt has been made to review and analyze the development and problems made during last few decades in the field of carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composites. The recent advance of research, structure and property, the advanced techniques were summarized in this paper. In accordance with the hot spots of the research, the interface behavior, reinforcement and toughening of this type of material were expounded specially. Finally, the prospect and development of this composite were analyzed.
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Mulenga, Timothy K., Albert U. Ude, and Chinnasamy Vivekanandhan. "Techniques for Modelling and Optimizing the Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Composites: A Review." Fibers 9, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib9010006.
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The study of natural fiber-based composites through the use of computational techniques for modelling and optimizing their properties has emerged as a fast-growing approach in recent years. Ecological concerns associated with synthetic fibers have made the utilisation of natural fibers as a reinforcing material in composites a popular approach. Computational techniques have become an important tool in the hands of many researchers to model and analyze the characteristics that influence the mechanical properties of natural fiber composites. This recent trend has led to the development of many advanced computational techniques and software for a profound understanding of the characteristics and performance behavior of composite materials reinforced with natural fibers. The large variations in the characteristics of natural fiber-based composites present a great challenge, which has led to the development of many computational techniques for composite materials analysis. This review seeks to infer, from conventional to contemporary sources, the computational techniques used in modelling, analyzing, and optimizing the mechanical characteristics of natural fiber reinforced composite materials.
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Radulović, Jovan. "Hybrid filament-wound materials: Tensile characteristics of (aramide fiber/glass fiber)-epoxy resins composite and (carbon fibers/glass fiber)-epoxy resins composites." Scientific Technical Review 70, no. 1 (2020): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/str2001036r.
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In this paper a tensile characteristics of filament-wound glass fiber-aramid fiber/epoxy resins hybrid composites and glass fiber-two carbons fibers/epoxy resins hybrid composites are presented. Basic terms about hybride composite materials (origin, reasons for manufacturing, advantages, definitions, levels of hybridization, modes of classifications, types, categorization, and possible interactions between constituents) and used reinforcements and matrices are described. For a manufacturing of NOL rings four reinforcements (glass fiber, polyamide aromatic fiber and two carbon fibers) and two matrices (high and moderate temperature curing epoxy resin system) are used. Based on experimentally obtained results, it is concluded that hybride composite material consisting of carbon fiber T800 (67 % vol) and glass fiber GR600 (33 % vol) impregnated with epoxy resin system L20 has the highest both the tensile strength value and the specific tensile strength value. The two lowest values of both tensile strength and the specific tensile strength have hybrid material containing aramide fiber K49 (33 % vol) and glass fiber GR600 (67 % vol) and epoxy resin system 0164 and hybrid NOL ring with wound carbon fiber T300 (33 % vol) and glass fiber GR600 (67 % vol) impregnated with the same epoxy resin system. This investigation pointed out that increasing the volume content of aramide fiberK49, carbon fiber T300 and carbon fiber T800 in appropriate hybrid composites with glass fiber GR600 increases both the tensile strength value and the specific tensile strength value and decrease the density value, no matter the used epoxy resin system.
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Kurien, Rittin Abraham, D. Philip Selvaraj, M. Sekar, Chacko Preno Koshy, and D. Tijo. "Mechanical Characterization and Evaluation of NaOH Treated Chopped Abaca Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites." Materials Science Forum 1019 (January 2021): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1019.12.
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Researchers have been busy developing new environmental friendly products and materials based on sustainability principles to reduce pollution and prevention of our resourceful non-biodegradable and non-renewable sources. Over synthetic materials there are many unquestionable focal points for natural fibers and some of them are low thickness, least waste transfer issues and also equivalent quality. In this research the mechanical properties of abaca fiber reinforced epoxy composite were evaluated. Then with the help of compression moulding process, different composite samples of varying fiber volume fractions were prepared. Different mechanical tests such as tensile, flexural, impact and hardness were conducted on the prepared samples. 25 wt% of abaca fibre volume fraction composites shows better mechanical properties.
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Mandell, J. F., D. H. Grande, and J. Jacobs. "Tensile Behavior of Glass/Ceramic Composite Materials at Elevated Temperatures." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 109, no. 3 (July 1, 1987): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240035.
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This paper describes the tensile behavior of high-temperature composite materials containing continuous Nicalon ceramic fiber reinforcement and glass and glass/ceramic matrices. The longitudinal properties of these materials can approach theoretical expectations for brittle matrix composites, failing at a strength and ultimate strain level consistent with those of the fibers. The brittle, high-modulus matrices result in a nonlinear stress-strain curve due to the onset of stable matrix cracking at 10 to 30 percent of the fiber strain to failure, and at strains below this range in off-axis plies. Current fibers and matrices can provide attractive properties well above 1000°C, but composites experience embrittlement in oxidizing atmospheres at 800 to 1000°C due to oxidation of a carbon interface reaction layer. The oxidation effect greatly increases the interface bond strength, causing composite embrittlement.
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Caliman, Radu. "Tribological Study in Case of Polymeric Composite Materials Reinforced with Unidirectional Carbon Fibers Having Stratified Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 657 (October 2014): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.657.422.
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This paper presents a study of the tribological properties of polymeric composite materials reinforced with unidirectional carbon fibers having stratified structure. Unidirectional reinforces carbon fiber materials are more effective if refer to specific properties per unit volume compared to conventional isotropic materials [. Potential benefits of carbon fibers composite materials are: high resistance to breakage and high value ratios strength/density; resistance to high temperatures; low density and high resistance to wear; low or high friction coefficient. The composites are complex and versatile materials but their behaviour in practice is not fully studied. For instance, polymeric composite materials reinforced with carbon fibers after being investigated in terms of wear, did not elucidate the effect of fiber orientation on wear properties [. Is therefore necessary to investigate the effect of carbon fibers orientation on the friction wear properties of the reinforced composite materials tested to adhesive and abrasive wear. Research work has been done with unidirectional composite materials having overlap 16 successive layers made from a polymeric resin and 60% of carbon fibers. The stratified structure was obtained by compressing multiple pre-impregnated strips, positioned manually. During this experimental work, three types of test samples were investigated: normal, parallel and anti-parallel, taking in consideration the carbon fibre orientation with respect to the sliding direction. The specific wear rate was calculated according to: the mass loss, density, the normal contact surface, the sliding distance and load rating. The friction coefficient is computed function to the friction load and loading value.
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Xiaoyu, Jiang, and Kong Xiangan. "Computer Simulation of 3-D Random Distribution of Short Fibers in Metal Matrix Composite Materials." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 121, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2812391.
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In this paper, the microstructure of “Saffil”-Al2O3 short fiber reinforced Al-Mg5.5 metal matrix composite material is simulated by computer. In the simulation it is taken into account of that the lengths, diameters, orientations, and locations of short fibers, etc. For the 3-D randomly distributed short fibers in composite materials, the typical distributions of short fiber microstructures on different planes are obtained for different short fiber volume fractions. The microstructural effects of average fiber length, diameter and their standard deviations on the overall strength of metal matrix composite materials are analyzed. From the short fiber microstructural distribution in metal matrix composite materials, the short fiber diameter coefficient ξd and short fiber length coefficient ξ1 are obtained for different standard deviations σd and σl, respectively. The short fiber orientation coefficient ξa is obtained, also. The results of these coefficients may be useful to the manufacture and use of short fiber reinforced composite materials. Considering these coefficients ξa ξd and ξl, the improved formula is given for the direct calculation of overall strength of short fibers reinforced composite materials. The improved formula may reflect the microstructural characteristics of short fibers reinforced composite materials.
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R., Giridharan, Raatan V.S., and Jenarthanan M.P. "Experimental study on effect of fiber length and fiber content on tensile and flexural properties of bamboo fiber/epoxy composite." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 15, no. 5 (September 2, 2019): 947–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-11-2018-0194.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of fiber length and content on properties of E-glass and bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrices. Experiments are carried out as per ASTM standards to find the mechanical properties. Further, fractured surface of the specimen is subjected to morphological study. Design/methodology/approach Composite samples were prepared according to ASTM standards and were subjected to tensile and flexural loads. The fractured surfaces of the specimens were examined directly under scanning electron microscope. Findings From the experiment, it was found that the main factors that influence the properties of composite are fiber length and content. The optimum fiber length and weight ratio are 15 mm and 16 percent, respectively, for bamboo fiber/epoxy composite. Hence, the prediction of optimum fiber length and content becomes important, so that composite can be prepared with best mechanical properties. The investigation revealed the suitability of bamboo fiber as an effective reinforcement in epoxy matrix. Practical implications As bamboo fibers are biodegradable, recyclable, light weight and so on, their applications are numerous. They are widely used in automotive components, aerospace parts, sporting goods and building industry. With this scenario, the obtained result of bamboo fiber reinforced composites is not ignorable and could be of potential use, since it leads to harnessing of available natural fibers and their composites rather than synthetic fibers. Originality/value This work enlists the effect of fiber length and fiber content on tensile and flexural properties of bamboo fiber/epoxy composite, which has not been attempted so far.
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Liu, Gongdai, R. Ghosh, A. Vaziri, A. Hossieni, D. Mousanezhad, and H. Nayeb-Hashemi. "Biomimetic composites inspired by venous leaf." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 3 (May 25, 2017): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317707254.
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A typical plant leaf can be idealized as a composite having three principal fibers: the central mid-fiber corresponding to the mid-rib, straight parallel secondary fibers attached to the mid-fiber representing the secondary veins, and then another set of parallel fibers emanating from the secondary fibers mimicking the tertiary fibers embedded in a matrix material. This paper introduces a biomimetic composite design inspired by the morphology of venous leafs and investigates the effects of venation morphologies on the in-plane mechanical properties of the biomimetic composites using finite element method. The mechanical properties such as Young’s moduli, Poisson’s ratio, and yield stress under uniaxial loading of the resultant composite structures was studied and the effect of different fiber architectures on these properties was investigated. To this end, two broad types of architectures were used both having similar central main fiber but differing in either having only secondary fibers or additional tertiary fibers. The fiber and matrix volume fractions were kept constant and a comparative parametric study was carried out by varying the inclination of the secondary fibers. The results show that the elastic modulus of composite in the direction of main fiber increases linearly with increasing the angle of the secondary fibers. Furthermore, the elastic modulus is enhanced if the secondary fibers are closed, which mimics composites with closed cellular fibers. In contrast, the elastic modulus of composites normal to the main fiber ( x direction) exponentially decreases with the increase of the angle of the secondary fibers and it is little affected by having secondary fibers closed. Similar results were obtained for the yield stress of the composites. The results also indicate that Poisson’s ratio linearly increases with the secondary fiber angle. The results also show that for a constant fiber volume fraction, addition of various tertiary fibers may not significantly enhance the mechanical properties of the composites. The mechanical properties of the composites are mainly dominated by the secondary fibers. Finally, a simple model was proposed to predict these behaviors.
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Hejazi, Seyed Mahdi, Seyed Mahdi Abtahi, Mohammad Sheikhzadeh, and Amir Mostashfi. "Micromechanical analysis of loop-formed fiber-reinforced soil composite." Journal of Industrial Textiles 44, no. 3 (July 8, 2013): 418–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083713495251.
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In this research, loop-formed fiber is introduced as a novel reinforcement method of soil composites instead of using ordinary fibers. In order to investigate the materials' mechanical properties, the shear behavior of both fiber and looped-fiber-reinforced soil composites was analyzed by micromechanical method (finite element method) and a set of direct shear tests. The results indicate that the looped-fiber soil composite exhibits greater failure strain energy compared with fiber-reinforced soil composite at the same fiber orientation in the substrate. Furthermore, the proposed model demonstrated two major reinforcing components: “the fiber effect” and “the loop effect.” The latter effect is the key benefit and the main advantage of using looped fibers over ordinary fibers in soil reinforcement. Altogether, there is a close agreement between finite element method outputs and experimental results, suggestive of a novel technical textile material that could potentially be used in geotechnical engineering.
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Milosevic, Marko, Petr Valášek, and Alessandro Ruggiero. "Tribology of Natural Fibers Composite Materials: An Overview." Lubricants 8, no. 4 (April 4, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8040042.
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In the framework of green materials, in recent years, natural fiber composites attracted great attention of academia and industry. Their mechanical and tribological characteristics, such as high strength, elasticity, friction, and wear resistance, make them suitable for a wide range of industrial applications in which issues regarding a large amount of disposal are to be considered since their environmental friendliness gives them an advantage over conventional synthetic materials. Based on the recent and relevant investigations found in the scientific literature, an overview focused on the tribological characteristics of composite materials reinforced with different types of natural fibers is presented. The aim is to introduce the reader to the issues, exploring the actual knowledge of the friction and wear characteristics of the composites under the influence of different operating parameters, as well as the chemical treatment of fibers. The main experimental tribological techniques and the main used apparatus are also discussed, with the aim of highlighting the most appropriate future research directions to achieve a complete framework on the tribological behavior of many possible natural fiber composite materials.
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Wu, Siyang, Jiale Zhao, Mingzhuo Guo, Jian Zhuang, and Qian Wu. "Effect of Fiber Shape on the Tribological, Mechanical, and Morphological Behaviors of Sisal Fiber-Reinforced Resin-Based Friction Materials: Helical, Undulated, and Straight Shapes." Materials 14, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 5410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185410.
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In this paper, we aim to evaluate the tribological, mechanical, and morphological performance of resin-based friction composites reinforced by sisal fibers with different shapes, namely helical, undulated, and straight shapes. The experimental results show that the shape of the sisal fibers exerts a significant effect on the impact property of the composite materials but no obvious influence on the density and hardness. The friction composite containing the helical-shaped sisal fibers exhibits the best overall tribological behaviors, with a relatively low fade (9.26%), high recovery (98.65%), and good wear resistance (2.061 × 10−7 cm3∙N−1∙m−1) compared with the other two composites containing undulated-shaped fibers and straight-shaped fibers. The impact fracture surfaces and worn surfaces of the composite materials were inspected by scanning electron microscopy, and we demonstrate that adding helical-shaped sisal fibers into the polymer composites provides an enhanced fiber–matrix interface adhesion condition and reduces the extent of fiber debonding and pullout, effectively facilitating the presence of more secondary plateaus on the friction surface, which are responsible for the enhanced tribological and mechanical properties. The outcome of this study reveals that sisal fibers with a helical shape could be a promising candidate as a reinforcement material for resin-based brake friction composite applications.
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SCHLANGEN, ERIK, and ZHIWEI QIAN. "3D MODELING OF FRACTURE IN CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS." Journal of Multiscale Modelling 01, no. 02 (April 2009): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1756973709000116.
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In this article, a 3D lattice model is presented to simulate fracture in cement-based materials. In the paper, two applications are shown. The first application is modeling heterogeneous materials containing particle embedded in a matrix. A method is shown for coupling 3D information on the material structure obtained with CT-scanning to the material properties in the model. In the second application, fracture in fiber cement-based materials is modeled. Fibers are explicitly implemented as separate elements connected to the cement matrix via special interface elements. With the model, multiple cracking and ductile global behavior are simulated of the composite material. Variables in the model are the fiber dimensions and properties, the fiber volume in the composite, the bond behavior of fibers and matrix, and the cement matrix properties. These properties can be obtained by testing. Some examples of tests are given in the paper. The model can be used as a design tool for creating fiber (cement-based) composites with any desired mechanical behavior.
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Koru, Murat, and Kenan Büyükkaya. "The Effects of Physical Properties of Fibers in Nettle Fiber/Polyester Composites on the Thermal Conductivity Coefficient." Academic Perspective Procedia 1, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 834–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.01.01.145.
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The physical properties of the materials used are also important in the thermal conduction, besides many other factors. In this study, nettle fiber/polyester composites were formed using stinging nettle grown in the Black Sea region. The stinging nettle fibers used in the formation of these composites were divided into three parts as bottom, middle, and top. The physical properties (diameter, density, crystallinity) of the fibers obtained from different parts of the plant and how the increased fiber concentration affected the thermal conductivity coefficients of the composite materials formed were studied. As a result, it was observed that the thermal conductivity coefficients of the composites increased with the increase of the crystallinity ratio of the fiber. Moreover, the increased fiber concentration significantly increased the thermal conductivity coefficient of the composite materials produced.
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Jeon, Kyung-Soo, R. Nirmala, Seong-Hwa Hong, Yong-II Chung, R. Navamathavan, and Hak Yong Kim. "A Study on Mechanical Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polycarbonate via an Injection Molding Process." Sensor Letters 18, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4290.
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This manuscript is dealt with the synthesis of short carbon fibers reinforced polycarbonate polymer composite by using injection modeling technique. Four different composite materials were obtained by varying the carbon fibers weight percentage of 10, 20, 30 and 40%. The synthesized carbon fibers/polycarbonate composites were characterized for their morphological, mechanical and thermal properties by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), universal testing machine (UTM) and IZOD strength test. The resultant carbon fibers/polycarbonate composites exhibited excellent interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and polycarbonate resin. The tensile properties were observed to be monotonically increases with increasing carbon fiber content in the composite resin. The tensile strength of carbon fiber/polycarbonate composites with the carbon fiber content 40% were increased about 8 times than that of the pristine polycarbonate matrix. The carbon fibers/polycarbonate composites with 40 wt.% of short carbon fibers exhibited a high tensile strength and thermal conductivity. The incorporation of carbon fiber in to polycarbonate resin resulted in a significant enhancement in the mechanical and the thermal behavior. These studies suggested that the short carbon fiber incorporated polycarbonate composite matrix is a good candidate material for many technological applications.
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Santhanam, V., M. Chandrasekaran, and N. Venkateshwaran. "Effect of Fiber Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Banana-Glass Fiber Hybrid Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.202.
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Composite materials are widely used for their superior properties such as high strength to weight ratio, high tensile strength, low thermal expansion, low density etc. Due to environmental issues the eco-friendly composites are being explored. Natural fibers as reinforcement for polymer composites are widely studied. But natural fibers lack better mechanical properties when compared with synthetic fibers. Hence mixing the natural fiber with a synthetic fiber such as glass fiber will improve mechanical properties of the composites. In this study banana fiber is mixed with glass fiber, and the mixture is used as reinforcement in epoxy matrix. The composite specimens were prepared using hand layup technique, the fibers were randomly oriented. Further the fiber length was varied as 10, 15, 20 and 25mm and volume fraction as 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Experiments were conducted to find the effect of fiber length and volume fraction on tensile strength, flexural strength, water absorption properties of the composites. It is observed that a fiber length of 20mm and 20% fiber volume fraction gave better mechanical properties.
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Balaji, N., S. Balasubramani, T. Ramakrishnan, and Y. Sureshbabu. "Experimental Investigation of Chemical and Tensile Properties of Sansevieria Cylindrica Fiber Composites." Materials Science Forum 979 (March 2020): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.979.58.
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The natural fiber reinforced composites are least expensive material and alternative material of wood, plastic material for the construction and industrial applications. The polymer based composites are used to fabricate the automobile components. The present investigation the composite materials reinforced with sansevieria cylindrica fibers were fabricated. These fibers were used because of their impressive mechanical properties. The composite panels are fabricated by hand lay-up technique. Sansevieria cylindrica fibers and polyester resin to produce the composite material. Sansevieria cylindrica plant has each leaf 20 to 30mm thickness and height 1000 to 2000mm approximately. The chemical tests of fiber and tensile strength for different fiber length composites such as 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, & 50mm are determined.
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Shahzad, Asim, and Sana Ullah Nasir. "Validation of fatigue damage model for composites made of various fiber types and configurations." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 9 (July 31, 2017): 1183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317722402.
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Empirical model for predicting fatigue damage behavior of composite materials developed recently has been applied to composite materials made of different fibers in various configurations: carbon and glass fiber noncrimp fabric reinforced epoxy composites, chopped strand mat glass fiber-reinforced polyester composites, randomly oriented nonwoven hemp fiber-reinforced polyester composites, and glass/hemp fiber-reinforced polyester hybrid composites. The fatigue properties were evaluated in tension–tension mode at stress ratio R = 0.1 and frequency of 1 Hz. The experimental fatigue data were used to determine the material parameters required for the model. It has been found that the model accurately predicts the degradation of fatigue life of composites with an increase in number of fatigue cycles. The scope of applicability of this model has thus been broadened by using the fatigue data of natural fiber and noncrimp fabric composites.
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Niaraki, Pouria Rezaee, Ahmad Jahan Latibari, Arash Rashno, and Ajang Tajdini. "The interaction of delignification and fiber characteristics on the mechanical properties of old corrugated container fiber/polypropylene composite." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2014-0406.
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AbstractThe effect of fiber characteristics from old corrugated container (OCC) paper on the strength properties of OCC/polypropylene composites was evaluated. Fibers with different contents of lignin (2.8%, 3.8%, 5.3%, and 7%) were produced using soda pulping. Wettability, tear, and tensile strength of the fibers were measured as the indication factors to assess the strength of reinforcing component in the composites. The weight portions of the OCC fibers, polypropylene, and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) were selected at 20%, 77%, and 3% of the total weight of the composite, respectively. The composite compounds were formed using a counter-rotating twin screw extruder, and the specimens were made in an injection molding machine. The interaction of fiber characteristics and fiber lignin content on the mechanical properties of composite was investigated. The results revealed that with lower fiber lignin content, both flexural and tensile properties were increased. Consequently, by forming better fiber dispersion and by reducing stress regions in the composite, impact strength was also improved. Lower lignin content resulted in better mechanical properties than fiber characteristics.
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Vigneshwaran, S., M. Uthayakumar, and V. Arumugaprabu. "Abrasive water jet machining of fiber-reinforced composite materials." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 37, no. 4 (November 27, 2017): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684417740771.
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Composite materials have taken an imperative place in the material system because of their unique performance in various specialized applications. Fiber inclusion and the heterogeneous property of composites make it more difficult to machine with the conventional machining process. However, several nonconventional methods have been adopted for machining composites, in which abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) was proven to be more effective and a preferable technique in machining of fiber-reinforced composite material. This review article is intended to highlight and categorize the machining performance of the fiber-reinforced composites on machining with AWJM process.
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Tang, Ming, Jing Qi Li, Hong Liang Liu, and Ning Chen. "Basalt Fiber Reinforce Cement-Based Composite Materials." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 1837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1837.
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In order to obtain the high performance cement-based consistent materials，the enhancement effect of basalt fiber was studied to develop the building mortar with a high flexural strength . Three factors such as basalt fibers fraction，water-cement ratio and sand-lime ratio are studied on compressive and flexural strength on 7 days and 28 days through the orthogonal experimental design and statistical analysis. According to project needs, the best combination of flexural strength is optimized. The enhancement mechanism and damage features are analyzed and evaluated by SEM, the result shows that the basalt fiber as enhanced component have a very good flexural strength enhancement effect, the maximum increased rate will reach 2.91 times. The effect on the strength of different age period is remarkable with different fiber fraction which is far greater than the water-cement ratio and sand-lime ratio. Basalt fiber have better physical and mechanical properties and better alkali resistance, some performance are second only to carbon fiber, and the cost of basalt fiber is far lower than carbon fiber, So the basalt fiber have a broad application prospects in the field of cement-based composite materials.