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1
Snyder, Heidi Ghent. "Fiber type-specific desmin content in human single muscle fibers /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1253.pdf.
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Ghent, Heidi. "Fiber Type-specific Desmin Content in Human Single Muscle Fibers." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/381.
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Contractile and cytoskeletal protein concentrations have been shown to differ on the basis of fiber type in whole muscle homogenates. The purpose of this study was to compare the content of the intermediate filament protein, desmin, between type I and type IIa single muscle fibers from a mixed muscle in human subjects. Biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis of six recreationally active males. Approximately 150 single muscle fibers were dissected from each sample and analyzed using SDS-PAGE to determine myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition. Following identification, muscle fibers were pooled into two groups (MHC I and MHC IIa). Desmin and actin content within the pooled samples was determined via immunoblotting. On average, muscle samples were composed of 51 ± 7 % type I, 2 ± 1% type I/IIa, 27 ± 5% type IIa, 19 ± 4% type IIa/IIx and 1 ± 1% type IIx MHC single fibers. Desmin and actin contents were 40% and 34% higher in type I fibers compared to type IIa fibers, respectively (P < 0.05). However the desmin to actin ratio was similar between pooled type I and IIa single muscle fibers within the vastus lateralis. These data suggest that desmin and actin content is a function of muscle fiber type. These differences in cytoskeletal protein content may have implications for differences in contractile function and eccentric damage characteristics between fiber types.
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Bättig, Rainer. "Fiber optic Doppler velocimeter probes /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1988. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Fanni, Saman. "Void content computation using optical microscopy for carbon fiber composites." Thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-285602.
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Three different void content calculation techniques using optical microscopy werecompared in multiple-user trials. The three methods studied comprised of a selection,thresholding, and semi-automatic machine learning method. The techniques wereapplied to micrographs of three carbon fiber-epoxy composite plates manufacturedin-house, where one plate had reduced void content by means of debulking priorto curing. The users performed the techniques on the sets of micrographs and thestandard deviation between the users void content results were measured.The advantages of the three methods were discussed and their practical applications wereproposed. The trials showed agreement between users on what are voids and not as well asshowing that uncertainties in void content are specimen-specific and not attributed todifferent users or methods applied. All three methods showed satisfying precision incalculating void content compared to void content quality levels provided by literature.It was found that thresholding, which is the current standard method of void contentcalculation using microscopy, inhabits an unscientific bias which compromises the legitimacyof the method. The study formulates a manual selection-based method usingedge-detection selection tools intended to benchmark void content in images, as wellas proposing a route to the automation of void content analysis using microscopy.Tre olika beräkningstekniker för kavitetshalter med hjälp av mikroskopi jämfördes genom fleranvändar-tester. De tre metoderna innefattade en selektions-metod, tröskelvärdesmetod, och en övervakad maskininlärningsmetod. Metoderna applicerades på mikrografer av tre kolfiber-epoxi kompositplattor tillverkade internt, varav en platta hade reducerad kavitetshalt genom en avbulkningsprocess innan härdning. Användarna genomförde metoderna på mikrograferna och standardavvikelsen mellan användarnas resulterande kavitetshalter mättes. För- och nackdelarna hos de tre metoderna diskuterades och deras praktiska applikationer föreslogs. Testerna visade en överensstämmelse mellan användare om vad som omfattar kaviteter och inte, samt en påvisning på att osäkerheter kring kavitetshalter är provbitberoende och inte användar- eller metodberoende. Alla tre metoder uppvisade en tillfredsställande precision i kavitethaltsberäkning jämfört med kvalitetsnivåer av kavitethalter erhållna från litteratur. Det konstaterades att tröskelvärdesmetoden, vilket är nuvarande standardmetoden för kavitethaltsberäkning med mikroskopi, innehar en bias som sätter validiteten av metoden i fråga. Studien formulerar även en manuell selektions-metod som använder selektions-verktyg för randdetektering, ämnad för att hitta referensvärden för kavitetshalter. Förslag ges även kring tillvägagångssättet till att uppnå automatiserade metoder för kavitethaltsberäkning.
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Lehmann, Marek. "Shear capacity of steel fiber reinforced waste sand concrete beams : doctoral dissertation." Rozprawa doktorska, [s.n.], 2019. http://dlibra.tu.koszalin.pl/Content/1318.
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Wolford, Ian Mark. "Quantifying Amorphous Content of Commercially Available Silicon Carbide Fibers." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1472054006.
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Weber, Thomas. "Powerful diode-pumped single-mode fiber lasers /." [S.l : s.n.], 1995. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Tripathi, Sudhir Kumar. "Liquefaction Characteristics of Sand Reinforced with Small Percentages of Polypropylene FIber." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2435.
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Liquefaction of soil is one of the major contributing factors for damages of infrastructures and utility services during earthquake. Liquefaction occurs when short strong shaking creates undrained loading condition in saturated soil deposit thereby increases pore water pressure, which eventually equals the effective confining pressure resulting in significant reduction in shear strength and bearing capacity of soil deposit. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of polypropylene fiber on sand deposit as a measure to prevent liquefaction but most of them are based on static tests. Therefore, the present study, tries to understand liquefaction characteristics of sand reinforced with polypropylene fiber based on cyclic triaxial test. The main objectives of this study are (i) to explore the effect of polypropylene fiber on pore pressure generation and deformation characteristics of sand, and (ii) to observe the effect of confining pressure on liquefaction characteristics of sand-fiber mixture. A series of stress controlled cyclic triaxial tests were performed at 5 and 10 psi effective confining pressures. At 5 psi effective confining pressure, specimens of clean sand, and sand containing 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, and 0.3% polypropylene fiber by dry weight were tested at 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, and 0.4 Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR). However, at 10 psi effective confining pressure, specimens were also tested for 0.5%, and 0.75% fiber in addition to those at 5 psi confining pressure at 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 CSR. Based on the test results, it was observed that, cyclic shear stress increases with the increase in initial effective confining pressure. Also, for a given CSR, liquefaction resistance decreased with the increase in effective confining pressure. Furthermore, significant improvement in liquefaction resistance was observed when the fiber content exceeded beyond 0.075% at 5 psi confining stress. However, at 10 psi confining pressure, addition of fiber did not help in improvement of liquefaction resistance of sand except when cyclic shear stress was applied at 0.2 CSR. At 0.2 CSR, although the specimens did liquefy based on pore pressure generation criteria at all fiber contents, specimens containing 0.5% and 0.75% fiber did not ever reach 2.5% and 5% DA (Double Amplitude) deformation throughout 1000 loading cycles.
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Laskowska-Bury, Joanna. "Selected physico-mechanical properties fiber reinforced composit produced on waste aggregate : PhD thesis summary." Rozprawa doktorska, [s.n.], 2017. http://dlibra.tu.koszalin.pl/Content/1040.
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Katzir, Irena. "Sensory and dietary quality of fiber-beef blends." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43898.
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Recently, there has been an increased interest in manufacturing high fiber Foods. Beef
patties containing 1% Lupran (sweet lupin bran flour), 2% barley and 3% of both fibers
(1% Lu + 2% Ba) and a control all-beef pattie were manufactured and comparatively
evaluated by visual and sensory panels. Hypocholesterolemic effects were tested by in
vivo studies. Rats were fed diets containing meat or meat-blends as the sole source of
protein, fat, fiber and cholesterol. All the diets were isocaloric. At the point of purchase,
the meat blends were different (P < 0.05) from the in their apparent amount exudate,
fat to lean ratio and integrity. Less significant was the difference in color, both visual
and objective, with the beef-barley blend tending to be darker and the beef-lupran
product tending to be brighter within 14 days oF storage. The sensory panel scored
meat-blends as significantly less beefy, more beany and grainy (P> 0.05). The grainy
flavor of barley was especially detectable. Mouthfeel was not significantly altered
(P> 0.05) but there was a tendency for the panel to score the barley blend as dryer and
tougher than the control. However, these results were not confirmed by objective measurements.
Cooking losses and quantity of measured exudate For meat blends were similar
to the control. Neither lupran nor barley had a significant antioxidative effect. The meat
blend with 3% fiber lowered the LDL fraction in rats relative to that of rats on control
diets. However, the amount of added fiber was too low to significantly affect serum or
liver cholesterol.
Master of Science
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Chen, Zhangjing. "Measurement of wood moisture content above fiber saturation point by electrical resistance." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11102009-020203/.
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Phillips, Katherine M. "Studies of high-fiber foods: I. The effect of a pinto bean diet on plasma cholesterol in hamsters. II. The effect of freeze-drying and heating during analysis on dietary fiber in cooked and raw carrots." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39901.
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Claessens, Annie. "Direct and indirect responses to divergent phenotypic selection for fiber traits in timothy (Phleum pratense L.)." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85142.
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Genetic improvement of timothy digestibility by breeding requires an effective and reliable selection procedure. The general objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of four fiber components (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose) and four ratios involving these concentrations (acid detergent lignin over hemicellulose, acid detergent lignin over cellulose, acid detergent lignin over the sum of hemicellulose and cellulose and hemicellulose over cellulose) as selection criteria to improve timothy digestibility without affecting plant biomass. Selected genotypes and populations derived from them were evaluated in a field experiment. Significant variability was observed among genotypes for all nine traits. Divergent phenotypic selection for seven of the traits (all except hemicellulose and hemicellulose over cellulose) produced groups of genotypes that consistently differed for the trait used as the selection criterion. Selection criteria that involved acid detergent lignin were the most effective in identifying genotypes with consistent differences in in vitro true digestibility. Genotypes selected for high or low values of each criterion were intercrossed to produce progeny populations. Five of the nine pairs of divergent populations were consistently different for the trait used as the selection criterion. Selection for acid detergent lignin over cellulose was the most effective in producing populations with consistent differences (22 to 32 g kg-1 DM) in in vitro true digestibility, with reduced values of this ratio associated with increased digestibility. This was mainly due to a reduction of the concentrations of lignin and neutral detergent fiber, particularly in the stem fraction, resulting in greater stem digestibility. Among the criteria examined here, the ratio of acid detergent lignin over cellulose therefore seems to be the most promising for phenotypic
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Bedö, Stefan. "Erbium doped single-mode fiber lasers: studies on saturation effects /." [S.l : s.n.], 1995. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Ziarkiewicz, Marek. "Experimental evaluation of selected design methods of Steel Fiber Reinforced Waste Sand Concrete Beams : PhD thesis summary." Rozprawa doktorska, [s.n.], 2018. http://dlibra.tu.koszalin.pl/Content/1045.
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Mainenti, Emanuele. "Development and implementation of an alternative method for the determination of the fiber volume content of CFRP laminates." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14440/.
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The fiber volume content (FVC) is a parameter that determines the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of composite materials; it is therefore very important to be able to determine it accurately. Thus two methods (burn–off method and improved thickness method) for the determination of it were developed and implemented with the aim of providing an alternative to the current acid dissolution method that is laborious, dangerous and polluting. The two methods were carried out on a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) braided laminate and the results were compared to those ones obtained by acid dissolution which were used as reference values.
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Bartlett, Anna Therese. "Leaf Fiber Strength and Fruit Nutrient Content of Yucca Species Native to the Navajo Nation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7554.
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The strength of leaf fibers and the nutritional value of the edible fruit of several yucca species native to the U.S. southwest were studied to aid in the determination of species best suited for commercial cultivation by the Navajo Nation. The leaves were softened in an autoclave to facilitate the removal of the leaf matrix, conditioned in environmentally controlled chambers, and the fibers were broken using a texture analyzer. The fibers were frozen and cross sectioned and photographed to determine cross sectional area. Official methods were used to determine the nutritional content of the fruit. The mean tensile strength of Y. angustissima, Y. baccata, and Y. glauca was 484 ±79, 710±174, and 388±104 MPa, respectively. Fibers from the leaves of Y. baccata had a significantly higher tensile strength than the leaves of the other two species. Nutritional profiling of the fruit of Y. angustissima and Y. baccata indicated that the fruit of both species are good sources of vitamin C (73-119 mg/100g) and thiamin (0.20 to 0.22 mg/100g). Because of its edible fruit and superior leaf fiber tensile strength, Y. baccata is recommended as the best species for cultivation and commercialization.
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Fiorentin, Cristiane. "Adição de oat fiber em produto cárneo reestruturado empanado de frango." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1059.
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Nos últimos anos tem-se verificado uma mudança no estilo de vida da população em virtude das facilidades encontradas para aquisição de alimentos no mercado, o que tem provocado um menor consumo de alimentos naturais e consequentemente diminuindo o consumo de alimentos com fonte de fibra alimentar. O objetivo desse projeto foi desenvolver um produto cárneo reestruturado empanado de frango adicionado de oat fiber, avaliando as características tecnológicas da fibra insolúvel, elaborar formulações com diferentes concentrações de oat fiber, determinar a composição proximal, cor, força de cisalhamento, microscopia óptica e analise sensorial das diferentes formulações. A caracterização do oat fiber demonstrou que a distribuição granulométrica correspondeu entre 38 e 75µm. A capacidade de retenção de água (CRA) do oat fiber resultou em 3,16g de água por grama de amostra e a capacidade de retenção de óleo (CRO) correspondeu 2,90 g de óleo por grama de amostra. O resultado da composição proximal da oat fiber foi de 9,88% de umidade, 3,39% de matéria mineral, 0,60% de lipídios, 3,06% de proteínas e 83,12% de fibra alimentar. Para a composição proximal dos empanados de frango elaborados com diferentes concentrações de oat fiber (3%, 4,5% e 6%) observou-se que o aumento da adição de fibra provocou uma diminuição nos teores de proteína e umidade, sendo que ocorreu o inverso para os teores de lipídios e matéria mineral, havendo diferença significativa (p<0,05) nas análises de umidade, matéria mineral e proteínas. O conteúdo de fibra alimentar no empanado de frango acompanhou o percentual de oat fiber adicionado nas formulações de 3% e 4,5%, porém a formulação de 6% não correspondeu à porcentagem adicionada, mas manteve-se com o maior índice de fibra alimentar. Todas as formulações poderiam receber na rotulagem o atributo fonte de fibras, segundo a legislação brasileira. Na análise de cor houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre as amostras analisadas para os parâmetros de L* e b*, entretanto não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) para o parâmetro a*. Na análise de força de cisalhamento não houve diferença significativa entre as amostras (p>0,05). Na microscopia óptica, pode verificar que houve uma tendência da gordura se ligar com a fibra vegetal. A análise sensorial demonstrou que as três formulações são iguais entre si, sendo que não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p>0,05) para os atributos de cor, sabor e textura, no entanto, atributo suculência houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre as amostras. Todas as formulações apresentaram índices de interesse de compra. Esse trabalho demonstrou ser possível elaborar formulações de produtos reestruturados com bom comportamento diante da adição de fibra insolúvel, com boa aceitação sensorial e oferecendo para os consumidores um produto com fonte alternativa de fibras.In recent years there has been a change in the life style of the population because of the facilities found to purchase food in the market, which has led to lower consumption of natural foods and consequently decreasing the consumption of foods with a source of dietary fiber. The project goal was to developed a restructured meat product breaded chicken add oat fiber, assessing the technological characteristics of insoluble fiber, develop formulations with different concentrations of oat fiber, determine the proximate composition, color, shear force, optical microscopy and sensory analysis of different formulations. The characterization of oat fiber showed that the particle size distribution corresponded between 38 and 75µm . The water holding capacity (WHC) of oat fiber resulted in 3.16 g of water per gram of sample and oil retention capacity (ORC) corresponded to 2.90 g oil per gram of sample. The result of the proximate composition of oat fiber was 9.88 % moisture, 3.39 % of ash, 0.60 % fat, 3.06 % protein and 83.12 % dietary fiber. For Proximal composition of breaded chicken made with different concentrations of oat fiber (3% , 4.5% and 6%) it was observed that increasing the addition of fiber resulted in a decrease in the protein and moisture , and was the inverse to the levels of lipids and mineral matter, significant difference (p<0.05) in the analysis of moisture, ash and protein . The content of dietary fiber in chicken fingers accompanied the percentage of added oat fiber in the formulation of 3 % and 4.5 %, but the formulation of 6 % did not match the percentage added, but remained with the highest fiber intake. All formulations could receive in labeling the attribute source of fiber, according to Brazilian law. In the analysis of color was no significant difference (p<0.05) between the samples analyzed for parameters L * and b *, however there was no significant difference (p>0.05) for the parameter a *. In the analysis of shear force no significant difference between samples (p>0.05). In optical microscopy, can verify that there was tendency of fat to bind with fiber Sensory analysis showed that the three formulations are equal, and there was no significant difference (p>0.05) for the attributes of color, taste and texture, however, juiciness attribute significant difference (p<0 05) between the samples. All formulations showed rates of buying interest. This work has proved possible to develop product formulations restructured with good behavior before the addition of insoluble fiber, with good acceptability to consumers and offering a product with an alternative source of fiber.
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Zimniak, Piotr. "Wpływ cech geometrycznych i ruchowych walca w technologii SLS na charakterystyki użytkowe elementów termoplastycznych z napełniaczem włóknistym." Rozprawa doktorska, Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy w Bydgoszczy, 2016. http://dlibra.utp.edu.pl/Content/908.
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Celem pracy jest opracowanie konstrukcji zespołu rozprowadzającego materiał kompozytowy (w tym zwłaszcza kinematyki i geometrii walca) w technologii selektywnego spiekania proszku, który pozwala na kontrolowane ukierunkowanie włókien w materiale osnowy polimerowej
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Herzog, Benjamin J. "Characterization of the Void Content of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composite Materials Fabricated by the Composites Pressure Resin Infusion System (COMPRIS)." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HerzogBJ2004.pdf.
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Stuart, Charles A., William L. Stone, Mary E. A. Howell, Marianne F. Brannon, H. Kenton Hall, Andrew L. Gibson, and Michael H. Stone. "Myosin Content of Individual Human Muscle Fibers Isolated by Laser Capture Microdissection." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4642.
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Muscle fiber composition correlates with insulin resistance, and exercise training can increase slow-twitch (type I) fibers and, thereby, mitigate diabetes risk. Human skeletal muscle is made up of three distinct fiber types, but muscle contains many more isoforms of myosin heavy and light chains, which are coded by 15 and 11 different genes, respectively. Laser capture microdissection techniques allow assessment of mRNA and protein content in individual fibers. We found that specific human fiber types contain different mixtures of myosin heavy and light chains. Fast-twitch (type IIx) fibers consistently contained myosin heavy chains 1, 2, and 4 and myosin light chain 1. Type I fibers always contained myosin heavy chains 6 and 7 (MYH6 and MYH7) and myosin light chain 3 (MYL3), whereas MYH6, MYH7, and MYL3 were nearly absent from type IIx fibers. In contrast to cardiomyocytes, where MYH6 (also known as α-myosin heavy chain) is seen solely in fast-twitch cells, only slow-twitch fibers of skeletal muscle contained MYH6. Classical fast myosin heavy chains (MHC1, MHC2, and MHC4) were present in variable proportions in all fiber types, but significant MYH6 and MYH7 expression indicated slow-twitch phenotype, and the absence of these two isoforms determined a fast-twitch phenotype. The mixed myosin heavy and light chain content of type IIa fibers was consistent with its role as a transition between fast and slow phenotypes. These new observations suggest that the presence or absence of MYH6 and MYH7 proteins dictates the slow- or fast-twitch phenotype in skeletal muscle.
The technical challenges of human skeletal muscle fiber type identification have evolved over the past three decades (8). The typical normal adult has roughly equal amounts of slow- and fast-twitch fibers, designated type I and II fibers. In addition, a variable portion of the type II fibers is mixed, containing both fast- and slow-twitch fiber markers, called type IIa fibers, whereas type II fibers that contain only the fast-twitch phenotype are designated type IIx in humans. Exercise training can cause modest shifts in fiber composition from one of these types to a contiguous type, with the relationship being type I to IIa to IIx or type IIx to IIa to I. The tail end of each myosin heavy chain is attached to the tail of another myosin heavy chain, and each of these forms a complex with two myosin light chains. Many heavy and light chain complexes are intertwined to form the thick filaments of each sarcomere. Thin filaments are composed of actin, troponin, and tropomyosin. The myosin heavy chains contain ATPase, which is essential for shortening of the contractile apparatus in the sarcomere, resulting in muscle-generated movement of a body part. The pH optimum of the ATPase has been classically the histochemical technique for identifying fast, slow, and mixed fibers. However, for more than a decade, monoclonal antibodies that correlated with the ATPase designation of fast, slow, and mixed fibers by bright-field or immunohistochemical methods have been used (2). The widely used fast and slow myosin monoclonal antibodies were obtained from mice immunized with only partially purified human skeletal muscle myosin antigens. More recently, antibodies that were raised against specific individual myosin heavy and light chain proteins became commercially available.
The 15 human genes that code myosin heavy chains are designated MYH1, MYH2, MYH3, MYH4, MYH6, MYH7, MYH7B, MYH8, MYH9, MYH10, MYH11, MYH12, MYH13, MYH14, MYH15, and MYH16 (17). MYH9, MYH10, and MYH11 are expressed primarily in smooth muscle. At least eight separate genes that code myosin light chains, MYL1, MYL2, MYL3, MYL4, MYL5, MYL6, MYL6B, and MYLPF, have been identified, and at least three of these have a second isoform (3).
Our initial investigation of the expression of myosin heavy and light chains using laser capture microdissection (LCM) to obtain specific fiber type samples from human vastus lateralis biopsies yielded some unexpected results. These observations led us to question which isoforms of myosin heavy and light chains are actually characteristic of “fast” or “slow” fibers in human skeletal muscle. We used immunoblots, mass spectroscopic (MS) proteomics, and next-generation sequencing of muscle homogenates and of LCM-generated samples of individual fiber types from normal control subjects and subjects with extremely different muscle fiber composition to approach this question by evaluating muscle specimens from subjects with diverse and extremely different fiber compositions. The hypothesis that drove these studies was that fibers of each type would have consistent myosin heavy and light chains that are characteristic of the fiber type. This is the first report that the abundance of different myosin heavy and light chains corresponds to different muscle fiber types.
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Sun, Qining. "Effect of lignin content and structural change during treatment on poplar for biofuel and biomaterial production." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54885.
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Understanding the lignin effect and related structural parameters relevant to the recalcitrance of the plant cell wall and the individual and cooperative effects on enzymatic saccharification are vital for improving current processing and conversion methods for cellulosic biofuels. Data were collected from several pretreatment technologies (Hot-water, organo-solv, lime, lime-oxidant, dilute acid, and dilute acid-oxidant pretreatments) on cellulose ultrastructure, partial delignification followed by dilute acid pretreatment, dilute acid pretreatment of enzymatic isolated lignin, and melt rheology test of organo-solv lignin. Results showed minimal cellulose ultrastructural changes occurred due to lime and lime-oxidant pretreatments, which however especially at short residence time displayed relatively high enzymatic glucose yield. Dilute acid and dilute acid-oxidant pretreatments resulted in the largest increase in cellulose crystallinity, para-crystalline, and cellulose-Iβ allomorph content as well as the largest increase in cellulose microfibril or crystallite size. Organo-solv pretreatment generated the highest glucose yield, which was accompanied by the most significant increase in cellulose microfibril or crystallite size and decrease in relatively lignin contents. Lignin acted as a barrier which restricted cellulose crystallinity increase and cellulose crystallite growth during dilute acid pretreatment, and that partial delignification instead of complete lignin removal during DAP would benefit the increase of sugar yield. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of the structural change of lignin in the absence of cellulose-hemicellulose matrix during dilute acid pretreatment confirmed that delignification had the most beneficial effect in poplar, but for switchgrass was the xylan removal. In addition, investigation on the structural change of organo-solv lignin during melt rheology test indicated that high purity lignin isolated from plant biomass with the lowest S/G (syringyl/guaiacyl) ratios will exhibit superior processing performance characteristics to produce high-quality carbon fibers. These findings can aid both in the development of improved enzymes that contain activities to decompose recalcitrant structures and in the design of various processing conditions that efficiently convert specific biomass feedstock into sugars. They can also help in the design of new chemical modifications on lignin and innovative biosynthesis strategies for producing linear-fiber-forming lignin with high-performance.
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Hsu, Kanghuan M. "Effects of collagen content, fiber alignment, storage and heating on cooking characteristics, dimensional changes and microstructure of restructured beef." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10102009-020326/.
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MOORE, JEANNETTE AILEEN. "RATE OF PASSAGE, RATE OF DIGESTION, AND RUMEN ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES AS INFLUENCED BY ROUGHAGE SOURCE IN 65 AND 90% CONCENTRATE DIETS FOR STEERS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184246.
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Diets were based on steam-flaked milo and contained chopped alfalfa hay in the control diet. At the 65% concentrate level, cottonseed hulls or chopped wheat straw replaced half the alfalfa hay. At the 90% concentrate level, roughage sources were chopped alfalfa hay, cottonseed hulls, or wheat straw. Six growing steers and three mature, rumen-cannulated steers per concentrate level were used in separate Latin square experiments. Total tract digestion coefficients, particulate passage rates, liquid turnover rates, and rumination time were measured in the intact steers. In situ digestion, rumen pH, and rumen dry matter distribution were evaluated in the cannulated steers. Competition between rates of passage and digestion were used to calculate apparent extent of ruminal digestion (AED). At the 65% concentrate level, total tract digestion coefficients for the wheat straw vs alfalfa hay diet were not different, apparently due to increased milo and alfalfa hay neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestion in the wheat straw diet. Milo and alfalfa hay AED for NDF were higher (P<.10). Dietary AED for DM, NDF, and cell solubles were highest (P<.05) for the alfalfa hay diet. Differences between diets were minimal, indicating roughage source in 90% concentrate diets does not substantially influence milo digestion or passage as it does in 65% concentrate diets.
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Tshalibe, Prince. "Effects of different pineapple dietary fibres on the quality parameters and cost of beef species sausage." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/834.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of
Master of Technology (Food Technology)
Department of Food Technology
Faculty of Applied Sciences
Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyThe nutrient profile of meat and meat products make them a major protein and minerals source for non- vegetarian human beings. However, their high fat content and the saturated fatty acid profile associate them with increased risk of lifestyle diseases and occurrences of cancers. Researchers have focused on fat replacement and fatty acid profile modification without compromising the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of meat products. Leaner ingredients are expensive hence the use of low/non-calorie adding ingredients such as water, vegetable oils and oat bran. In this study, three pineapple dietary fibres (PDF), NSP 60, NSP 100 and NSP 200 with water binding capacities (WBC) of 1: 8; 1: 7.4; 1: 7.8 (g/g), respectively, were assessed for their WBC in species sausage at levels 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%. Water was added in accordance to the specific WBC capacity of the fibres, replacing pork back fat. The WBC of the fibre in the meat emulsion was assessed by extracting the loosely bound fluid by centrifugation. Fibres NSP 100 and NSP 200 proved to be of better water binding than NSP 60 which had the highest total expressible fluid (TEF) at all levels. Although differing significantly in WBC at all levels, all the fibres excellently bound water at 1% level. The three PDF (at 1% level) were then assessed with regard to chemical, physical, and textural attributes in species sausage. Proximate analysis showed that the control sausages (no fibre), differed significantly from the sausages containing PDF. Emulsion stability analysis was based on TEF, cooking loss and purge. Sausages containing NSP 200 PDF did not significantly differ to the control in terms of TEF and cooking loss. Sausages containing NSP 100 had the lowest cooking loss although not significantly different to the control and NSP 200 containing sausages. NSP 60 PDF performed significantly poorly in terms of TEF and cooking loss. The control had a significantly lower purge comparing to sausages containing which were not different. The pH value of the control was significantly higher than the samples containing fibres which also differed from each other. Inclusion of fibre in the species resulted in a significant increase in lightness, hue and chroma as compared to the control. Textural parameters for the control were significantly higher than the fibre containing sausages, except for cohesiveness which was similar for all sausages. This study concluded that NSP 100 could be the most suitable for use in species sausage, followed by the NSP 200 and lastly the NSP 60. Addition of PDF, in combination with water to a species sausage can be a viable way of cutting costs since the formulation cost of all the fibre containing sausages was lower in comparison to the control. Fibre and water addition can be a positive means of reducing the lipid fraction in sausages and other meat products, increasing the dietary fibre component and hence improving the health status of meat product consumers.
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Fain, Jordan. "Comparative Analysis of Muscle Architecture and Myosin Heavy Chain Content in the Forelimbs of Geomyid and Heteromyid Burrowing Rodents." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1630024719953543.
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Warner, Wyatt Young. "Characterization of Local Void Content in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Parts Utilizing Observation of In Situ Fluorescent Dye Within Epoxy." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7772.
Full textAbstract:
Experimentation exploring the movement of voids within carbon fiber reinforced plastics was performed using fluorescent dye infused into the laminates observed through a transparent mold under ultraviolet light. In situ photography was used as an inspection method for void content during Resin Transfer Molding for these laminates. This in situ inspection method for determining the void content of composite laminates was compared to more common ex-situ quality inspection methods i.e. ultrasonic inspection and cross-section microscopy. Results for localized and total void count in each of these methods were directly compared to test samples and linear correlations between the three test methods were sought. Test coupons were then cut from these laminates and were used to calculate the interlaminar shear strength at certain locations throughout the laminates. Although this research did not adequately observe correlations between results obtained from ultrasonic C-scans, cross-sectional microscopy and in situ photography of the surface, it was seen that the fluid dynamics of the thermosetting epoxy used in this experimentation correlated to results obtained from previous experimentation performed by students at Brigham Young University using vegetable oil as a substitute for resin.
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Heuer, Stella, and Lajos Szabó. "Shifting socioemotional wealth prioritization during a crisis : A content analysis of statements to shareholders of family businesses." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52708.
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Family businesses are generally considered to be the most prevalent form of business around the world. They have also been shown to differ from their non-family counterparts due the non-economic factors that influence their decision-making. One of the most widely used conceptualization of these factors concerns the controlling family’s socioemotional endowment or in other words, the family’s socioemotional wealth. Newer approaches have proposed that socioemotional wealth can not only be broken down into several component dimensions, but that these dimensions may shift in prioritization in response to different contingencies. The sudden spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the global crisis that has followed in its wake is one such contingency, impacting economies and family firms virtually everywhere in the world. Studying the crisis’ effects on family firms has thus already been outlined as a major focus of research going forward. This paper aims to develop the concept of socioemotional wealth as a dynamic construct and study the crisis’ effects on family firms. We conduct a content analysis of 20 Swedish and 20 German publicly listed family firms’ statements to shareholders published over a three-year period coinciding with the emergence of the crisis. Thus, this research presents an empirical look at how family firms in the contexts of two differing governmental responses to the crisis prioritized the different dimensions of their socioemotional wealth. The results show the families’ emotional attachment coming to the forefront in both cases, with no significant difference between the two countries’ family firms. Furthermore, we observe the families’ socioemotional ties to their employees retain their pre-crisis prevalence as the most prioritized dimension. This is accompanied by a deepening of the quality of the communication tied to this dimension of socioemotional wealth with it coming to reflect the emerging solidarity and cultural changes resulting from the crisis. The results suggest that family firms may respond to a crisis on the scale of the COVID-19 pandemic through their decision-making being increasingly influenced by their emotional attachment to the firm, while also retaining a focus on preserving strong social ties to their employees to persevere through the difficult period.
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Pham, Thi Nhung. "Fabry-Perot interferometer based on end-of-fiber polymer microtip for chemical sensing." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0006.
Full textAbstract:
Les interféromètres Fabry-Perot (FPI) ont reçu un grand intérêt pour leur utilisation en tant que capteurs. Les FPI sont constitués d'une cavité optique avec des surfaces parallèles qui réfléchissent la lumière incidente, produisant un signal interférométrique optique. Ce signal dépend de la distance entre les surfaces réfléchissantes et de l'indice de réfraction de la cavité, qui sont sensibles aux variations d’humidité, de température, de pression et du matériau. Les FPI peuvent être attachés à des fibres optiques, qui fonctionnent comme un guide d'ondes pour le signal incident et le signal réfléchi, et former ainsi des capteurs compacts. Cette thèse présente des capteurs chimiques à base de FPI incorporant une micropointe en polymère structurée à l'extrémité d'une fibre optique, étudiés pour la détection d'humidité, d'eau et de cibles chimiques.Tout d'abord, nous développons une pointe de triacrylate de pentaérythritol (PETA) sur la facette d'une fibre optique par photopolymérisation autoguidée. Une extrémité de la fibre est placée dans une goutte de PETA et la photopolymérisation est activée par un laser de 375 nm injecté à l'autre extrémité de la fibre. Les conditions optimales pour former une pointe PETA mécaniquement stable sont 1μW de puissance laser × 1s de temps d'exposition. Cependant, les chaînes PETA ne sont pas complètement polymérisées lors de cette étape, ce qui entraîne une fréquence de résonance instable de la pointe. La pointe doit donc être post-polymérisée sous une lampe UV de 365nm pour obtenir une caractéristique dynamique stable, avant leur application en tant que capteur.Deuxièmement, nous démontrons que la pointe PETA est un capteur efficace pour détecter l'humidité. Elle fonctionne comme une cavité optique formée entre le cœur de la fibre/PETA et l'interface PETA/environnement, ce qui permet d'obtenir un signal interférométrique clair. Le signal FPI de la pointe est très sensible à l'humidité de l'air grâce aux groupes hydroxyles du PETA, qui absorbent les molécules d'eau dans l'air humide, induisant un gonflement de la pointe. La longueur et/ou l'indice de réfraction sont donc modifiés, ce qui entraîne une variation du signal interférométrique. La pointe présente une sensibilité constante de 90 pm/%RH, équivalent à une sensibilité relative de 104 ppm/%RH pour une plage d'humidité de 30 à 80 %. La détection est hautement reproductible et stable. En outre, l'effet de la température est négligeable, favorisant leur potentiel d’application.Ensuite, nous appliquons les pointes PETA basées sur le FPI pour déterminer la teneur en eau de solutions de glycérol et d'éthylène glycol. Le signal FPI de la pointe PETA varie de manière non linéaire lorsque la teneur en eau passe de 0 à 100% en poids. La variation du signal FPI est due à la contraction de la pointe, qui est liée à la perte d'eau à l'intérieur de la structure PETA. Lorsque la contamination par l'eau est inférieure à 10%, la pointe présente une sensibilité de 394 pm/wt.% et 226 pm/wt.% pour les solutions de glycérol et d'éthylène glycol, respectivement. Ainsi, la pointe PETA basée sur le FPI présente un grand potentiel pour la détermination de la teneur en eau de solutions aqueuses, y compris les hydrocarbures.Enfin, une pointe constituée d'un cœur PETA et d'une enveloppe de polymères à empreintes moléculaires (MIP) a été mise au point pour détecter la Dansyl-L-phénylalanine. La pointe PETA est initialement fabriquée en utilisant la polymérisation autoguidée et les MIP sont ensuite copolymérisés pour former une fine couche d'enveloppe autour de la pointe PETA. Lors de la détection sélective de la Dansyl-L-phénylalanine, l'indice de réfraction de la couche de MIP change, ce qui entraîne une modification du signal FPI de l'ensemble de la pointe PETA/MIP. Cette méthode simple offre de nouvelles possibilités pour créer des capteurs à fibre optique MIP à base de FPI applicables à une large gamme d'analytes, qu’ils soient fluorescents ou nonFabry−Perot interferometers (FPIs) have received a significant attention for their use in sensor applications. FPIs consist of an optical cavity with separate parallel reflecting surfaces which reflect incident light, resulting in an optical interferometric signal. The FPI signal depends on the distance between the reflecting surfaces and the refractive index of the cavity medium, which are sensitive to variation of environment humidity, temperature, pressure, and material. FPIs can be attached to optical fibers to form compact fiber optic FPI-based sensors in which the optical fiber works as a waveguide for both incident and reflected signal. This thesis presents FPI-based chemical sensors incorporating a polymer microtip located at the end of an optical fiber and characterizes their sensing capabilities for humidity, water, and chemical targets.Firstly, we develop a pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) tip on the facet of an optical fiber by a self-guiding photopolymerization. One end of the optical fiber is placed inside a PETA droplet and the self-guiding photopolymerization of PETA is actuated by a 375 nm laser injected to the other end of the fiber. The optimal conditions to form a straight and mechanically stable PETA tip are 1.0 μW of laser power × 1.0 second of exposure time. However, the PETA chains do not completely polymerize during this self-polymerization, leading to an unstable dynamic resonant frequency of the tip. Thus, the tip needs a post-polymerization under a UV 365 nm lamp to achieve a stable dynamic characteristic, which is applicable for further sensing applications.Secondly, we demonstrate the PETA tip as an effective sensor to detect humidity. The PETA tip acts as an optical cavity formed between the fiber-core/PETA and the PETA/environment interface, resulting in a clear interferometric signal. The FPI signal of the tip is highly sensitive to humidity in the air. This is due to hydroxyl groups within the PETA structure, which strongly absorb water molecules in the humid air and significantly swell the tip. The length and/or the refractive index of the tip are therefore changed, resulting in a FPI shift. The tip exhibits a consistent sensitivity of 90pm/%RH, equivalent to a relative sensitivity of 104 ppm/%RH in the humidity range from 30 to 80%. The sensing performance is highly reproducible and stable. Furthermore, the cross effect of the temperature is negligible, indicating a great practical potential for the devices.Next, we apply the FPI-based PETA tips to determine the water content in glycerol and ethylene glycol solutions. The FPI signal of the PETA tip shifts nonlinearly towards longer wavelengths as the water content increases from 0 to 100 wt.%. The shift in the FPI signal occurs due to the contraction in the tip length, which is linked to the loss of water inside the PETA structure caused by the hydrophilic solutions. When the water contamination is below 10 wt.%, the tip shows a sensitivity of 394 pm/wt.% and 226 pm/wt.% for glycerol and ethylene glycol solutions, respectively. Therefore, the FPI-based PETA tip shows a great potential in determining water content in hydrophilic aqueous solutions, including hydrocarbons.Finally, a tip consisting of a PETA core and a shell of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) is developed for detecting Dansyl-L-phenylalanine. The PETA tip is initially fabricated using the self-guiding polymerization and MIPs are then copolymerized to form a thin shell layer around the PETA tip. Upon the selective binding of Dansyl-L-phenylalanine, the refractive index of the MIP layer changes, leading to the change in the FPI signal of the whole PETA/MIP tip. This straightforward and affordable method offers new innovative possibilities for creating FPI-based MIP fiber optic sensors, which can be applied for a wide range of analytes, including both non-fluorescent and fluorescent targets
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PEREIRA, Carla Caroline Alves. "Estratégias de seleção para teor de fibra em feijão-vagem." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2017. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6767.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Bean-pod is a horticultural crop widely appreciated in Brazilian cuisine, due to its chemical and organoleptic composition, high protein content and easy digestibility. Due to these characteristics, it is a food with high market potential, but because it is a relatively new agricultural crop that requires intensive activity for its cultivation, it is still little explored commercially. For the cultivation of the bean pod to gain representativeness it is necessary to genetically improve some characteristics, such as productivity, improvement in pod quality and resistance to pests and diseases. Among the characteristics that most influence the quality of the pod, we can mention the decrease in fiber content, which is directly related to changes in the physicochemical composition of the product, which promotes better palatability and ease of digestion. The consumption of food that consists of fiber is essential to maintain health. Due to this, differences in dietary fiber composition have been observed in bean germplasm banks when grown at different locations, years and sowing times. Based on what has already been discussed, the objective of this work was to evaluate the production components and to establish selection strategies for fiber content in bean-pod genotypes. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife Campus, from December 2015 to March 2016. The treatments were composed of 18 genotypes, consisting of sixteen accessions from the germplasm bank of Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF) and by two commercial varieties. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with three replications. Crops were harvested throughout the pod production period, according to the harvest point of each genotype. The following characteristics were evaluated: number of days for flowering (NDPF), average number of pods per plant (NMVP), average pod length (CMV), average pod weight per plant (PMV), average pod yield (PRODMV) and fiber content in pods (TFV). The analysis of variance and the grouping of means by Scott-Knott's test at 5% of probability were performed by the software program Genes. To evaluate the production components and selection strategies for fiber content in bean genotypes. The lines UENF 7-5-1, UENF 7-4-1, 7-6-1 and Hortivale presented low fiber contents and better yields. The most appropriate strategy aiming at low fiber content is to select the genotypes that are in the range of the mean up to ± 2σ.
O feijão-vagem é uma cultura hortícola muito apreciada na culinária brasileira, devido a sua composição química e organoléptica, possuindo alto teor de proteínas e fácil digestibilidade. Em função dessas características é um alimento com alto potencial de mercado, porém por ser uma cultura agrícola relativamente nova e que exige uma atividade intensiva para o seu cultivo ainda é pouco explorada comercialmente. Para que o cultivo do feijão-vagem ganhe representatividade é necessário melhorar geneticamente algumas características, como produtividade, melhoria na qualidade das vagens e resistência a pragas e doenças. Dentre as características que mais influenciam á qualidade da vagem, pode-se citar a diminuição do teor de fibras, que está diretamente ligado a mudanças na composição físico-química do produto, o que promove uma melhor palatabilidade e facilidade na digestão. O consumo de alimentos que em sua composição seja constituído por fibra é essencial para manter a saúde. Devido a isto, diferenças na composição de fibra alimentar têm sido observadas em bancos de germoplasma de feijão quando cultivados em diferentes locais, anos e épocas de semeadura. Em função do que já foi abordado, este trabalho teve como objetivo, avaliar os componentes de produção e estabelecer estratégias de seleção para teor de fibra em genótipos de feijão-vagem. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Campus Recife, no período de dezembro de 2015 a março de 2016. Os tratamentos foram compostos por 18 genótipos, constituído por dezesseis acessos oriundos do banco de germoplasma de feijão-vagem da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF) e por duas variedades comerciais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. As colheitas foram efetuadas durante todo o período de produção de vagens, de acordo com o ponto de colheita de cada genótipo. No qual foram avaliadas as seguintes características: número de dias para a floração (NDPF), número médio de vagens por planta (NMVP), comprimento médio da vagem (CMV), peso médio de vagens por planta (PMV), produtividade média de vagens (PRODMV) e teor de fibras nas vagens (TFV). Foi realizada as análises de variância e o agrupamento das médias pelo teste de Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade, pelo programa de software Genes. Para avaliar os componentes de produção e estratégias de seleção para teor de fibra em genótipos de feijão-vagem. As linhagens UENF 7-5-1, UENF 7-4-1, 7-6-1 e Hortivale apresentaram baixos teores de fibras e melhores produtividades. A estratégia mais apropriada visando baixo teor de fibra é selecionando os genótipos que se encontram no intervalo entre a média até ±2σ.
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Zauer, Mario, Frank Meissner, Rudolf Plagge, and André Wagenführ. "Capillary pore-size distribution and equilibrium moisture content of wood determined by means of pressure plate technique." De Gruyter, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A38475.
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This paper deals with the determination of the capillary pore-size distribution (CPSD) and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of untreated and thermally modified (TM) Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] by means of the pressure plate technique (PPT). Desorption experiments were conducted at very high values of relative humidity (RH) in the range between 99.2% and 100%. The thermal modification of spruce results in an alteration of the CPSD, owing to the formation of intercellular cracks in the middle lamella, as a result of cell-wall compression. The desorption curves for both untreated and TM spruce show an extremely upward bend at 99.97% RH. This step reflects an EMC of 38.1% for untreated spruce and 33.8% for TM spruce. None of the samples shrunk during the PPT measurements. Following desorption experiments at 97.4% RH, all samples shrunk. This step reflects an EMC of 27.9% for untreated spruce and 21.7% for TM spruce.
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Prolla, Ivo Roberto Dorneles. "Características físico-químicas de cultivares de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), e efeitos biológicos da fração fibra solúvel." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11147.
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Raw seeds of sixteen common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars were evaluated along two consecutive harvests (2001/2002 and 2002/2003) concerning their physicochemical characteristics, as well as the effect of cooking and storage conditions on starch and dietary fiber contents. Serum lipids and blood glucose levels were also evaluated in normolipidemic-normoglycemic rats witch were fed diets containing bean cultivars with different soluble fiber/total fiber ratios (SF/TF): Pérola diet (0.11), Diamante Negro diet (0.19) and Iraí diet (0.26); control group was fed a standard diet (with insoluble fiber). Except for dry matter, moisture, and total dietary fiber, cultivars kept their chemical characteristics between harvests. Regarding similarity among macronutrient levels (crude protein-CP, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber-SF, digestible starch-DS, and resistant starch-RS) seeds from harvests 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 were categorized into four different groups; the same was done for micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ca, Mg, and P), and four groups were also identified. Guateian 6662 and Rio Tibagi were considered the cultivars with the best nutritional profile (highest levels of CP, SF, DS, Fe, and Zn). Storage under refrigerated or freezing conditions did not change fiber content of cooked beans, but decreased their DS content and increased RS content, mainly in seeds with low RS levels before cooking. Concerning biological response, rats fed bean diets experienced lower values for serum cholesterol (P<0.05) and lower glycemic indexes (P<0.05). It was also observed a similar weight gain among groups, however animals fed bean based diets showed lower fat retention (P<0.05). The effects of bean diets on experimental groups were more remarkable in animals fed Iraí diet (SF/TF: 0.26).Foram analisadas as características físico-químicas de sementes cruas de dezesseis cultivares de feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), ao longo de duas safras consecutivas (2001/2002 e 2002/2003), bem como os teores de amido e fibra alimentar nas sementes após cozimento e estocagem. Avaliaram-se, também, os lipídeos séricos e a glicose sanguínea de ratos normolipidêmicos e normoglicêmicos, alimentados com dietas contendo cultivares de feijão com diferentes relações fibra solúvel/fibra total (FS/FT): dieta Pérola (0,11), dieta Diamante Negro (0,19) e dieta Iraí (0,26); o grupo controle recebeu dieta padrão (com fibra insolúvel). Exceto pelos teores de matéria seca, umidade e fibra alimentar total, as cultivares estudadas mantiveram suas características físico-químicas constantes ao longo das safras. Conforme a similaridade nos teores de macronutrientes (proteína bruta-PB, fibra alimentar total, fibra alimentar insolúvel, fibra alimentar solúvel-FS, amido disponível-AD e amido resistente-AR) as sementes das safras 2001/2002 e 2002/2003 foram categorizadas em quatro grupos distintos; da mesma forma, em relação aos micronutrientes (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ca, Mg e P), quatro grupos puderam ser identificados. As cultivares Guateian 6662 e Rio Tibagi apresentaram o melhor perfil nutricional (maiores teores de PB, FS, AD, Fe e Zn). A armazenagem sob refrigeração e o congelamento não determinaram alterações nos teores de fibra dos grãos cozidos, mas redução do AD e aumento do AR, principalmente naqueles com AR mais baixo antes do cozimento. Em relação à resposta biológica, os ratos alimentados com dietas contendo feijão apresentaram valores para colesterol sérico e índice glicêmico menores que os do grupo controle (p<0,05). Foi observado, também, que apesar do ganho de peso dos animais ter sido semelhante entre os grupos, os ratos alimentados com as dietas contendo feijão apresentaram menor retenção de gordura corporal (p<0,05). Os efeitos das dietas sobre os animais experimentais foram mais expressivos no grupo alimentado com a dieta Iraí (FS/FT: 0,26).
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Burger, Willem Jacobus. "Die verbetering van die benutting van laegraadse ruvoer vir wol- en vleisproduksie deur aanvulling van beskermde proteienbronne en/of aminosure." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52798.
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Thesis (MScAgric) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Low quality roughage is often used in the Western Cape as the only source of roughage for the young growing ruminant. Production levels of these animals is unsatisfactory and therefore supplementation is required. It is necessary when small grains are fed to also include protein sources in the diets. For high production, these protein sources must also be protected against rumen degradation. Good results are reported with the treatment of sunflower oilcakemeal (SFOCM) with formaldehyde (0.86 g formaldehyde per 100 g protein). Protecting methionine with 2-methyl maleic anhydride results in an increase in wool production. This study looked at the effect on dry matter intake (DM-intake), wool production and live weight change with supplementing a low quality diet with urea, SFOCM and formaldehyde protected SFOCM (FSFOCM). These diets where also supplemented with no methionine, methionine and 2-methyl maleyl methionine (MMM). The DM-intake of total diet are increased (P<0.05) with the supplementing of oats straw and barley (1.1% of live weight) diet with SFOCM and FSFOCM (949 & 935 vs 848 gis/d). Supplementing MMM decreased (P<0.05) the DM-intake with 9 %. Supplementing FSFOCM increased (P<0.05) live weight change from 19 to 44 gis/d. Wool production are increased (P<0.05) with 38 % with supplementation of MMM. The apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) of the urea diet are increased (P<0.05) by supplementing methionine when compared with no methionine supplementation (67.28 vs. 71.23 %). The apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) of the SFOCM diet (63.71 and 64.96 vs. 70.15 %) and FSFOCM diet (66.39 and 66.26 vs. 70.89 %) are increased (P<0.05) by supplementing MMM when compared with no methionine and methionine supplementation. The apparent digestibility of fat of the SFOCM diet (61.01 and 65.65 vs. 48.33 %) and FSFOCM diet (60.93 and 63.83 vs. 38.14 %) are decreased (P<0.05) by supplementing MMM when compared with no methionine and methionine supplementation. The apparent nitrogen balance of the SFOCM diet (-0.15 and 5.41 vs. 4.62 gis/d) and FSFOCM diet (2.93 and 5.60 vs. 6.02 gis/d) are increased (P<0.05) by supplementing MMM when compared with no methionine and methionine supplementation. The DM- and CP-degradability of barley and DM-degradability of oats straw did not differ (P<0.05) between different protein treatments. The higher production with the supplementation of amino acids and proteins can be associated with more amino acids available in the lower digestibility tract and not as a result of better rumen function.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die benutting van strooi as 'n laegraadse ruvoer deur die jong groeiende herkouer is 'n algemene praktyk wat in die Weskaap toegepas word. Produksie is egter laag en aanvulling van beperkende voedingstowwe is dus noodsaaklik. Saam met kleingrane word proteïenbronne meestal as aanvulling gebruik. Vir hoë produksie is dit dikwels nodig om proteïen aan te vul wat teen ruminale afbraak beskerm word. Die formaldehiedbehandeling (0.86 g formaldehied per 100 g proteïen) van sonneblomoliekoekmeel (SBOKM) is alreeds baie suksesvol toegepas vir die beskerming van proteïen teen ruminale afbraak. Deur metionien met dimetielmaleïelsuuranhidried te beskerm, is wolproduksie verhoog. Die studie het die effek van aanvulling van ureum, SBOKM en formaldehiedbehandelde SBOKM (FSBOKM) saam met geen metionien, metionien en 2,3 - dimetielmaleïelmetionien (MMM) op droëmateriaal (DM) -inname, wolproduksie en liggaamsmassaverandering ondersoek. Die DM-inname van jong Merinohamels op 'n hawerstrooi en gars (1.1% van liggaamsmassa) dieet is verhoog (P<0.05) deur die aanvulling van SBOKM en FSBOKM (949 & 935 vs 848 g/s/d). Die DM-inname is egter met 9 % verlaag (P<0.05) deur aanvulling van MMM. Die aanvulling van FSBOKM het die liggaamsmassatoename verhoog (P<0.05) van 19 na 44 gIs/d. Wolproduksie is met 38% (P<0.05) deur MMM-aanvulling verhoog. Die skynbare verteerbaarheid van ruproteïen (RP) by die ureumbehandeling is verhoog (P<0.05) met metionienaanvulling teenoor geen metionienaanvulling (67.28 vs. 71.23%). By SBOKM (63.71 en 64.96 vs. 70.15%) en FSBOKM-behandelings (66.39 en 66.26 vs. 70.89%) is skynbare verteerbaarheid van RP verhoog (P<0.05) met MMM-aanvulling teenoor metionien- of geen-metionienaanvulling. By SBOKM (61.01 en 65.65 vs. 48.33%) en FSBOKM-behandelings (60.93 en 63.83 vs. 38.14%) is skynbare verteerbaarheid van vet verlaag (P<0.05) met MMM-aanvulling teenoor metionien- of geen metionienaanvulling. By SBOKM (-0.15 en 5.41 vs. 4.62 gIs/d) en FSBOKM-bahandelings (2.93 en 5.60 vs. 6.02 gIs/d) is skynbare N-balans verlaag (P<0.05) met MMM-aanvulling teenoor metionien- of geen-metionienaanvulling. Die effektiewe verteerbaarheid van DM en RP van gars en effektiewe verteerbaarheid van DM van strooi is nie beïnvloed (P>0.05) deur die aanvulling van proteïen nie. Die verhoogde produksie kan dus geassosieer word met 'n verhoogde voorsienning van aminosure in die SVK deur aanvulling en nie weens verbetering in die rumenfunksie nie.
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Lingnau, Werner August Leonhard. "Substitution of maize with high fibre by-products in concentrates supplemented to dairy cows grazing kikuyu/ryegrass pasture during spring." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6459.
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Thesis (MScAgric (Animal Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Kikuyu over-sown with ryegrass forms the basis of pasture based systems in the Southern Cape. During early spring, energy is the first limiting nutrient in kikuyu/ryegrass pasture, supplementation is thus essential. Supplementation consists mainly of high starch concentrates (high maize inclusion), which is expensive and could negatively affect rumen parameters. The objective of this study was to determine if milk production could be improved or maintained, and if the rumen environment would be improved, by replacing high starch concentrates with low starch (high by-product) concentrates for dairy cows on kikuyu/ryegrass pasture. Forty-five multiparous, high producing, lactating Jersey cows [body weight, 340 ± 34.7 kg; milk yield (MY), 19.6 ± 2.23kg/d; days in milk (DIM), 153 ± 33.5; lactation number, 3.6 ± 1.85; (mean ± SD)] were used in the production study. A randomised block design was used. The forty-five cows were allocated to fifteen groups of three each (blocking) on the basis of MY, DIM, and lactation number. Cows from each group were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups (high starch, medium starch and low starch concentrate supplementation). Cows were fed 6kg (3kg during each milking) concentrate per day and were allocated fresh pasture ad lib after each milking. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) found in milk yield and fat corrected milk yield between treatment groups. Milk fat percentage was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the low starch treatment than in the high starch treatment. Milk fat yield was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in both the low starch and the medium starch treatment when compared to the high starch treatment. Milk protein and lactose percentages, as well as milk urea nitrogen and somatic cell count, did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between treatments. Live weight change, as well as body condition score change, was unaffected (P > 0.05) by treatments indicating body reserves were not used to maintain milk production in the low starch treatment. A rumen metabolism study was also done with ten lactating, cannulated Jersey cows [body weight, 332 ± 56.3 kg; MY, 17.3 ± 1.73kg/d (mean ± SD)] were used. The cows were divided into two groups of five each, on the basis of lactation number, DIM, and MY. The five cows from each group were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups (high starch and low starch concentrate supplementation) and used in a cross-over design. Cows were fed 6kg concentrate per day and were allocated fresh pasture ad lib after each milking. The volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the high starch treatment when compared to the low starch treatment. The individual VFA’s, acetic-, propionic- and butyric acid concentrations were also significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the high starch treatments when compared to the low starch treatment. The acetic to propionic acid ratio was unaffected (P > 0.05) by treatment. Rumen ammonia-nitrogen concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the high starch treatment. Rumen pH was unaffected (P > 0.05) by supplementation type. The in sacco dry matter and neutral detergent fibre digestibilities of the kikuyu/ryegrass pasture were unaffected (P > 0.05) by treatment type. Results indicated that milk production could be maintained with low starch concentrates which also improved milk composition. Results further suggested that the rumen environment was relatively unaffected by low starch concentrate supplementation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kikoejoe, oorgesaai met raaigras, vorm die basis van weidingstelsels in the Suid-Kaap. Tydens die lentemaande is energie die eerste beperkende voedingstof op kikoejoe/raaigras weidings, wat kragvoeraanvulling noodsaaklik maak. Aanvulling bestaan grootliks uit hoëstysel-kragvoer (hoë mielieinhoud) wat nie net duur is nie, maar dit kan ook die rumenomgewing benadeel. Die doel van die studie was om vas te stel of melkproduksievlakke onderhou kan word en of rumenomgewing verbeter kan word deur die vervanging van hoëstysel-kragvoer met laestysel-kragvoer (hoë neweprodukinhoud) vir melkkoeie op kikoejoe/raaigras weidingstelsels. Vyf-en-veertig meervoudige pariteit-, hoë produserende, lakterende Jerseykoeie [liggaamsmassa, 340 ± 34.7 kg; melkproduksie, 19.6 ± 2.23kg/d; dae in melk, 153 ± 33.5; laktasienommer, 3.6 ± 1.85; (gem ± standaardafwyking)] is gebruik vir die produksiestudie van die proef. Daar is gebruik gemaak van ‘n ewekansige blokontwerp. Die vyf-en-veertig koeie is opgedeel in vyftien groepe van drie elk, gebaseer op melkproduksie, dae in melk en laktasienommer. Koeie in elke groep is ewekansig aan een van drie behandelings (hoëstysel-, mediumstysel- of laestysel-kragvoeraanvulling) geallokeer. Koeie is daagliks 6kg (3kg tydens twee milkings) kragvoer gevoer en vars weiding was ad lib beskikbaar na elke melking. Daar was geen beduidende verskil (P > 0.05) in melkopbrengs of vet-gekorrigeerde melkopbrengs tussen die drie behandelings nie. Bottervetpersentasie was beduidend hoër (P < 0.05) in die laestyselbehandeling in vergelyking met die hoëstyselbehandeling. Bottervetopbrengs was beduidend hoër (P < 0.05) in beide die laestysel- en mediumstyselbehandelings in vergelyking met die hoëstyselbehandeling. Melkproteïen- en melklaktosepersentasies, asook melkureumstikstof en somatise seltelling, was onveranderd (P > 0.05) tussen behandelinge. Liggaamsmassa en liggaamskondisietelling het geen verskille (P > 0.05) getoon tussen behandelings nie, wat daarop dui dat liggaamsreserwes nie gebruik is om melkproduksie in die laestyselbehandeling te onderhou nie. ‘n Rumenmetabolismestudie is ook uitgevoer met tien lakterende, gekannuleerde Jerseykoeie [liggaamsmassa, 332 ± 56.3 kg; melkproduksie, 17.3 ± 1.73kg/d (gem ± standard afwyking)]. Die koeie is in twee groepe van vyf elk verdeel, gebasseer op laktasienommer, dae in melk en melkproduksie. Die vyf koeie van elke groep is in ‘n omslagontwerp gebruik en is ewekansig aan een van twee behandelings (hoëstysel- of laestysel-kragvoeraanvulling) geallokeer. Koeie het daagliks 6kg kragvoer ontvang en vars weiding was ad lib beskikbaar na elke melking. Die vlugtige vetsuurkonsentrasie was beduidend hoër (P < 0.05) in die hoëstyselbehandeling as in die laestyselbehandeling. Die individuele vlugtige vetsure naamlik asynsuur, propionsuur en bottersuur, was ook beduidend hoër (P < 0.05) in die hoëstyselbehandeling as in die laestyselbehandeling. Die asynsuur- tot propionsuurverhoudings het geen verskille (P > 0.05) tussen behandelings getoon nie. Rumen-ammoniakstikstof was beduidend hoër (P < 0.05) in die hoëstyselbehandeling as in die laestyselbehandeling. Rumen-pH het geen verskille (P > 0.05) getoon tussen behandelings nie. Die in sacco droëmateriaal- en neutraalbestande veselverteerbaarhede van kikoejoe/raaigras weiding het geen verskille (P > 0.05) tussen behandelings getoon nie. Die resultate het aangedui dat melkproduksie onderhou kan word en dat melksamestelling verbeter kan word met laestysel-kragvoeraanvulling. Resultate het ook daarop gedui dat die rumenomgewing nie noodwendig verbeter word deur die aanvulling van laestysel-kragvoer vir koeie op kikoejoe/raaigras weidings nie.
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Borodulina, Svetlana. "Micromechanics of Fiber Networks." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188481.
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The current trends in papermaking involve, but are not limited to, maintaining the dry strength of paper material at a reduced cost. Since any small changes in the process affect several factors at once, it is difficult to relate the exact impact of these changes promptly. Hence, the detailed models of the network level of a dry sheet have to be studied extensively in order to attain the infinitesimal changes in the final product. In Paper A, we have investigated a relation between micromechanical processes and the stress–strain curve of a dry fiber network during tensile loading. The impact of “non-traditional” bonding parameters, such as compliance of bonding regions, work of separation and the actual number of effective bonds, is discussed. In Paper B, we studied the impact of the chemical composition of the fiber cell wall, as well as its geometrical properties, on the fiber mechanical properties using the three-dimensional model of a fiber with helical orientation of microfibrils at a range of different microfibril angles (MFA). In order to accurately characterize the fiber and bond properties inside the network, via statistical distributions, microtomography studies on the handsheets have been carried out. This work is divided into two parts: Paper C, which describes the methods of data acquisition and Paper D, where we discuss the extracted data. Here, all measurements were performed at a fiber level, providing data on the fiber width distribution, width-to-height ratio of isotropically oriented fibers and contact density. In the last paper, we utilize data thus obtained in conjunction with fiber morphology data from Papers C and D to update the network generation algorithm in order to produce more realistic fiber networks. We also successfully verified the models with the help of experimental results from dry sheets tested under uniaxial tensile tests. We carry out numerical simulations on these networks to ascertain the influence of fiber and bond parameters on the network strength properties.QC 20160613
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Manzo, Gabriel M. "Drop Motion on Superhydrophobic Fiber Mats." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1323465810.
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Schena, Deivid Padilha. "Desenvolvimento de drageado de soja [Glycine max (L.)] com cobertura crocante e salgada." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2161.
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O consumo de produtos derivados de soja tem aumentado no Brasil levando à busca por melhoria em características sensoriais e diversidade de produtos. A soja é considerada um alimento funcional, pois contém isoflavonas, composto que auxilia na diminuição do risco de algumas doenças, principalmente ligadas ao câncer e doenças cardiovasculares, responsáveis pela maioria de mortes no mundo. A população tem pouca aceitação a produtos considerados funcionais, principalmente quando sensorialmente não é agradável. Com isso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver um drageado de soja com cobertura crocante e salgada. Nos testes preliminares, definiu-se três formulações, formulação 1, com adição de 5 % de farinha de aveia, formulação 2 com 15 % de farinha de aveia e formulação 3 com 25 % de farinha de aveia. Os drageados foram avaliados quanto à composição proximal, análises microbiológicas, aceitação sensorial e de textura. Nas três formulações, não houve diferença significativa na composição proximal, indicando valores menores para lipídios, quando comparado a produtos comerciais. Para fibras alimentares, o produto desenvolvido obteve valores altos quando comparado a produtos à base de soja e principalmente a soja em grãos, com destaque para as formulações 2 e 3. O resultado para fibras alimentares apresentou valores acima do esperado, onde na legislação brasileira o produto para ser considerado com alto teor de fibras e alegação funcional necessita conter no mínimo 6 %, onde na formulação 3 obteve o valor de 14,5 %, sendo o teor de fibras insolúveis mais expressivo. Os resultados das análises microbiológicas comprovaram que o produto desenvolvido se enquadra na legislação brasileira, sendo assim não oferece risco à saúde do consumidor. As análises sensoriais dos drageados indicaram que o produto teve boa aceitação em cor e textura, obtendo notas de “gostei muito” a “moderadamente” e para sabor e aceitação global de “gostei” a “gostei moderadamente”. No índice de aceitabilidade, indicaram média acima de 70 %, principalmente na formulação 2, onde obteve o maior índice na média, 74,5 %. A análise de textura instrumental dos drageados não apresentou diferença entre as formulações avaliadas e pelos valores obtidos o produto desenvolvido apresentou menor dureza quando comparado ao produto comercial, o amendoim do tipo japonês.O Consumption of soy products has increased in Brazil, leading to improvements in sensorial characteristics and product diversity. Soy is a food for animals, a product for human consumption, a product for health and a health system. The population has little acceptance of functional products, especially when sensory is not pleasant. With this, the objective of the work was elaborated based on coverage with food and salt coverage. In the preliminary tests, three formulations, formulation 1, with addition of 5% oat flour, formulation 2 with 15% oat flour and formulation 3 with 25% oat flour were defined. The dragees were on proximal composition, microbiological analyzes, sensory and texture acceptance. In the three formulations, there was no significant difference in the proximal composition, indicating lower lipid values when compared to commercial products. For the dietary fiber, the developed product obtained high values when compared to products based on soybeans and mainly soybeans in grains, with emphasis on formulations 2 and 3. The result for the dietary fibers had values higher than expected, where in Brazilian legislation Product to be assisted with high fiber content and functional claim needs to contain at least 6%, where formulation 3 obtained the value of 14.5%, and the content of insoluble fibers more expressive. The results of the microbiological analyzes proved that the product was developed and framed in the Brazilian legislation. As sensory analysis of the dragees indicate that the product had good acceptance in color and texture, obtaining notes of "I liked" a "moderately" and for overall taste and acceptance of "liked" a "moderately liked". In the index of acceptability, they indicated a mean above 70%, mainly in formulation 2, where it obtained the highest index in the average, 74.5%. The instrumental texture analysis of the dragees showed no differences between the formulations evaluated and the values obtained in the product developed during the comparison period when the product is marketed or japanese type peanuts.
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Schmeißer, Andre [Verfasser]. "Contact Modeling Algorithms for Fiber Dynamics Simulations / Andre Schmeißer." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1115549960/34.
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Mohr, Arno Wilhelm. "Moment redistribution behaviour of SFRC members with varying fibre content." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20250.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) is the most prominent fibre reinforced concrete composite that was engineered to enhance the material’s post-cracking behaviour. In certain situations it is utilised to replace conventional reinforcement and considered to be more cost-efficient. The purpose of this research is to characterise the moment redistribution behaviour of a statically indeterminate SFRC structure with varying volumes of fibres, with the focus on the development of the moment redistribution accompanied by the rotation of the plastic hinges at the critical sections in the structure. The material properties were characterised with a series of experimental tests. The compression behaviour was obtained with uniaxial compression tests while the uniaxial tensile behaviour was obtained with an inverse analysis performed according to flexural test results. These properties were utilised to derive a theoretical moment-curvature relation for each SFRC member which supplied the basis for the characterised moment-rotation behaviour and the finite element analyses (FEA) performed on the statically indeterminate structure. Experimental tests were conducted on the statically indeterminate structure in laboratory conditions to validate the theoretical findings. For the different SFRCs the material properties in compression were similar, while it resulted in an increased tensile resistance with an increase in the volume steel fibres. The theoretical momentcurvature and moment-rotation responses also indicated an increased structural capacity and member ductility with an increase in the volume fibres. From the finite element analyses the computational moment redistribution-plastic rotation relations were obtained. It was found that the final amount of moment redistribution decreased with an increase in the fibre volume, but that the rotational capacity increased. It was found that the experimental moment-curvature and moment-rotation results correlate well with the theoretical predictions. Also, unexpected structural behaviour was observed, but the issue was addressed with applicable computational analyses which confirmed the possible causes. It was concluded that the computational moment redistribution approximations were reasonably accurate. A parameter study indicated that the crack band width differed among the different SFRC members.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Staal vesel versterkte beton (SVVB) is die mees vooraanstaande vesel versterkte beton mengsel wat ontwikkel is om die materiaalgedrag na kraakvorming te verbeter. In sekere situasies kan dit gebruik word om konvensionele staal te vervang en lei soms to koste vermindering . Die einddoel van die studie is om die moment herverdeling gedrag te karaktiseer vir ‘n statiese onpebaalbare SVVB struktuur deur die invloed van verskillende volumes vesels en die rotasie kapasiteit by die kritieke posisies in ag te neem. Die materiaal eienskappe was geidentifiseer met ‘n reeks eksperimentele toetse. Die druk gedrag was geïdentifiseer deur eenassige druktoetse, terwyl die eenassige trek gedrag bekom is met die implementasie van ‘n inverse analise van die uitgevoerde buig toetse. Hierdie eienskappe is gebruik om die teoretise moment-kromming verhouding vir elke mengsel te bekom. Hierdie verhoudings word as die basis bestempel vir die teoretiese moment-rotasie verhouding en die eindige element analises (EEA) wat op ‘n staties onbepaalbare struktuur toegepas is. Eksperimentele toetse is op hierdie voorgestelde struktuur toegepas om die teoretiese verwagtings te verifieer. Dit is gevind dat die druk gedrag ooreenstem tussen die verskillende mengsels, alhoewel ‘n toename in die trek kapasiteit ervaar is met ‘n toename in die volume vesels. Die teoretiese momentkromming en moment-rotasie verwantskappe stel ook voor dat die strukturele kapasiteit en duktiliteit toeneem met ‘n toename in die volume vesels. Die teoretiese moment herverdeling-plastiese rotasie verwantskapppe is verkry deur middel van die eindige element analises. Dit is gevind dat die aantal moment herverdeling by faling afgeneem het vir ‘n toename in die volume vesels, maar dat dit to ‘n groter rotasie kapasiteit gelei het. Van die eksperimentele resultate is dit afgelei dat die teoretiese moment-kromming en momentrotasie verwantskappe goeie benaderings voorstel. Sekere invloede van die opstelling het daartoe gelei dat onverwagte strukturele gedrag bekom is, maar die moontlike invloede is verifieer met eindige element analises. Dit is afgelei dat die teoretiese beramings van die moment herverdeling gedrag redelik akkuraat is. ‘n Parameter studie het getoon dat die kraak spasiëring verskil tussen mengsels met verskillende volumes vesels.
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Barros, André Correia de Costa. "Propagation of radio over fiber signals on the context of NG-PON2." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17026.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesHoje em dia todas os pessoas estão ligadas em rede, e devido a proliferação de diversos serviços torna-se cada vez mais imprescindvél arranjar novas opções para fornecer a maior largura de banda possvél, para responder as necessidade geradas. As redes oticas passivas de próxima geração surgem como a solução fornecendo ritmos de transmissão na ordem dos Terabits/s e um alcance na ordem dos milhares de kilometros. Neste contexto será falado dos sinais de rádio na fibra, que trazem vantagens ao nível da simpli ficação das estações base, possibilitando poupança nos custos, isto ao integrar a tecnologia de rádio com a tecnologia de fibra existente Neste trabalho iniciou-se pelo estudo da literatura existente das arquitectura existentes de radio-sobre- fibra, bem como as suas limitações. De seguida, procedeu-se ao desenvolvimento de uma plataforma de simulação para estudar os fenomenos que o sinal de rádio sofre ao ser transportado no sistema otico. Por ultimo, foram realizadas experiências laboratoriais, primeiro com um transceiver NG-PON2 e depois com um sistema rádio-sobre-fibra, consistindo o objectivo em caracterizar estes sistemas.
Nowadays all the people are connected on a network, and due to the proliferation of several services it becomes indispensable to nd new option to provide as more bandwidth as possible to answer to necessity. The next generation passive optical networks rise as a solution to supply transmission rate on the Terabits/s order and a reach on the order of the thousands kilometers. On this context, the radio-over- ber signals are going to be spoken about, which o er advantages by the simpli cation of base stations, allowing lower costs, and this by composing the radio technology with the already existent ber technology. This work initiated by the study of the existent literature of the radio-over- ber architectures, as well as their limitations. Then, proceeded on the development of a simulation platform to study the phenomenons that a radio-over- ber su ers while going through the optical system. For last, laboratory experiments were carried out rst with a NG-PON2 transceiver and then with a radio-over- ber system, being the objective of characterizing these systems.
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Mignosi, Christine. "Non-contact optical sensing for vibration measurement." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341505.
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DeRidder, W. Nick. "Analysis of a non-contact laser-fiber optic array for generation of ultrasound." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17502.
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Aziz, Hossain. "COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE WETTING BEHAVIOR OF DROPLET-FIBER SYSTEMS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5910.
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Interaction of a liquid droplet and a fiber or layer of fibers is ubiquitous in nature and in a variety of industrial applications. It plays a crucial role in fog harvesting, coalescence filtration, membrane desalination, self-cleaning and fiber based microfluidics, among many others. This work presents a quantitative investigation on the interactions of a droplet with a fiber or layers of fibers. More precisely, the present work is focused on 1) predicting the effects of fiber’s size and material on its ability to withhold a droplet against external forces and on the liquid residue left on the fiber after the droplet detachment, 2) predicting the outcome of two fibers competing to attract the same droplet, and 3) predicting the wetting stability of a droplet deposited on a layer of electrospun fibers. This work is comprised of series of computational and experimental studies for mutual validation and/or calibration. The simulations were conducted using the Surface Evolver code and the experiments were devised using a ferrofluid and a magnet.
We also investigated the drag reduction performance of fibrous coatings because of its close connection with droplet-fiber interaction. We started by studying the drag reduction performance of a superhydrophobic granular coating because of its geometrical simplicity. We modeled the flow of water over the granular coating and studied the effects of hydrostatic pressure and microstructural properties on the drag reduction performance of the coating. We then examined the drag reduction performance of a lubricant infused surface with trapped air made of layers of parallel fibers (FLISTA). A mathematical model was developed to predict the shape of the water-lubricant interface and lubricant-air interface under a given hydrostatic pressure. This information was used to solve the flow field over the coating in a Couette configuration to find the effects of hydrostatic pressure and microstructural properties of the coating on its drag reduction performance.
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Wicki, Silvia Keisker André. "Prädiktion von Fieber in Neutropenie bei Kindern unter Chemotherapie wegen Krebserkrankung /." Bern : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Al-Obad, Zoalfokkar. "Designing PU resins for fibre composite applications." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/designing-pu-resins-for-fibre-composite-applications(561553ad-7bf1-4507-891a-00743c776637).html.
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This thesis focuses on designing thermoplastic composites with high mechanical properties and a low processing temperature. Thermoplastic composites, which are used in this work, are composed of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrices and plain woven E-glass fabrics (GFs). TPUs were synthesised with large quantities of hard segments (HS), including 70% and 90%wt HS. The GF-TPU composites manufactured in this study have a melting point of around 175oC. As such, 180oC represents the processing temperature, which was used to produce GF-TPU composites. The influences of HS content and annealing treatment at 80oC on the thermal, dynamic mechanical and mechanical properties of TPU samples and GF-TPU composites with 25% fibre volume fraction (Vf) have been investigated. The highest crystallinity, storage modulus, Tg, yield strength, tensile strength and tensile modulus of all the TPU samples are seen in the TPU/90 samples annealed for 4 days. The TPU/90 samples display higher tensile properties than the TPU/70 and polypropylene (PP) samples, while the PP samples show the greatest elongation at break point. Furthermore, the tensile properties of the TPU/70 and TPU/90 samples are much higher than those of commercial TPUs. As such, annealed GF-TPU/90 composites with 25% Vf present the greatest dynamic mechanical, flexural, and tensile properties. GF-TPU/90 composites with 25% Vf show higher flexural strength than GF-PP composites or GF-polyamide 6 (PA6) composites with the same Vf. The effects of fibre surface treatments on the mechanical properties of GF and GF-TPU/70 composites with 25% Vf have also been studied in this investigation. GF treated with burn-off treatment is found to exhibit the lowest tensile properties. The interfacial adhesion between GF treated by NaOH for 0.5hrs and a TPU/70 matrix is greater than between GF treated by acetone for 5hrs and a TPU/70 matrix. Silanised GF presents greater tensile properties than desized GF. Thus, enhanced interfacial adhesion and tensile, flexural, ILSS and GIC properties are observed in the silanised GF-TPU/70 composites than in the desized GF-TPU/70 composites. GF-TPU/70 composites based on GFs treated by NaOH for 0.5hrs then sized with 0.15%wt. aminosilane display the greatest interfacial adhesion, flexural properties, ILSS and GIC, damage tolerance and impact-damage resistance. Conversely, the lowest interfacial adhesion, GIC, damage tolerance and impact-damage resistance are seen in the GF-PP composites based on 25% Vf as-received GF. There is a significant increase in the tensile and flexural properties of GF-TPU/90 composites with increasing the Vf from 25% to 50%. Moreover, the flexural strength of GF-TPU/90 composites with 50% Vf is not only higher than that of GF-EP composites or GF-vinyl ester composites with normalised 50% Vf, but is also much higher than that of GF-PP composites with 50% Vf. Despite this result, GF-TPU/90 composites with 50% Vf show the lowest fracture toughness, impact-damage resistance and damage tolerance, which are improved by adding 25% and 50%wt. of TPU/70 to the TPU/90 matrix. GF-TPU/90 composites based on a modified matrix have higher GIC, GIIC, impact-damage resistance and damage tolerance than GF-TPU/90 composites based on an unmodified matrix. The GIC, GIIC, impact-damage resistance and damage tolerance of GF-TPU/90 composites based on a modified matrix increase with increasing the percentage of TPU/70. Hence, the highest GIC, GIIC, impact-damage resistance and damage tolerance are seen in the GF-TPU/90 composites based on a modified matrix with 50%wt. of TPU/70.
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Depalma, Carlos Mariano A. "The role of the thermal contact conductance in the interpretation of laser flash data in fiber-reinforced composites." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10062009-020306/.
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Gregoriou, Gregorios. "Precision determination of surface topography using fibre optic sensors." Thesis, Brunel University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295731.
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AZİZOĞLU, YAĞIZ. "Micromechanical Numeric Investigation of Fiber Bonds in 3D Network Structures." Thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Avd.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-144036.
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In manufacturing of paper and paperboard, optimized fiber usage has crucial importance for process efficiency and profitability. Dry strength of paper is one of the important quality criteria, which can be improved by adding dry strength additive that affect fiber to fiber bonding. This study is using the micromechanical simulations which assist interpretation of the experimental results concerning the effect of strength additives. A finite element model for 3D dry fiber network was constructed to study the effect of bond strength, bond area and the number of bonds numerically on the strength of paper products. In the network, fibers’ geometrical properties such as wall thickness, diameter, length and curl were assigned according to fiber characterization of the pulp and SEM analyses of dry paper cross-section. The numerical network was created by depositing the fibers onto a flat surface which should mimic the handsheet-making procedure. In the FE model, each fiber was represented with a number of quadratic Timoshenko beam elements where fiber to fiber bonds were modelled by beam-to-beam contact. The contact model is represented by cohesive zone model, which needs bond strength and bond stiffness in normal and shear directions. To get a reasonable estimate of the bond stiffness, a detailed finite element model of a fiber bond was used. Additionally, the effect of different fiber and bond geometries on bond stiffness were examined by this model since the previous work [13] indicated that the bond stiffness can have a considerable effect on dry strength of paper. The network simulation results show that the effect of the strength additive comes through improving the bond strength primarily. Furthermore, with the considered sheet structure, both the fiber bond compliance and the number of bonds affect the stiffness of paper. Finally, the results of the analyses indicated that the AFM measurements of the fiber adhesion could not be used directly to relate the corresponding changes in the bond strength. The fiber bond simulation concluded that fiber wall thickness has the most significant effect on the fiber bond compliance. It was also affected by micro-fibril orientation angle, bond orientation and the degree of pressing.
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Riley, Bradley Elkins. "Evaporative Etching for Non-Contact Glass Scribing using a Single-Mode Ytterbium Fiber Laser." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04192007-093539/.
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Laser glass cutting is a process which involves using a laser to either scribe or completely cut glass in place of using a mechanical cutter. The concept of using a laser to cut glass has been established for quite some time however, it wasn?t sought after for industrial application until just recently. With the increase in demand for flat screen televisions, PDA?s, MP3 players and the like, so increased the demand for an efficient non-contact glass cutting method. The two most common types of laser glass cutting processes are short pulsed ablation and thermal shock. While each of these techniques has its own advantages, they have yet to be a complete solution to the demand. Short pulsed ablation tends to create a rough, jagged edge not unlike the defects created by the conventional mechanical glass cutting methods. Thermal shock has successfully separated glass, however, this process requires a trigger crack for glass separation, and as such, the process is unable to perform small precise cuts. A relatively new laser glass processing technique has been established, where, a pulsed laser is used to effectively ablate the surface of glass by focusing through the glass substrate and onto the surface of either silver or copper. As the laser collides with the surface of the metal it vaporizes a small portion of the material, the vapor and plasma particles are sent at high speed toward the lower surface of glass, where it creates a mark in the surface. While this process has successfully marked the surface of glass, attempts at through ablation resulted in damage to the glass surface due to a high absorption after the first few pulses. This paper presents the fundamental application of LIPAA through the use of a low power, continuous wave laser. During the process, a continuous wave laser vaporizes a portion of the aluminum, where, the vapor is then used to thermally etch a scribe in the surface of glass. This new form of scribe generation has the potential to separate glass with little to no defects, thereby, reducing wasted material and strengthening the glass edge.
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Li, Jian. "Total anthocyanin and dietary fiber contents in blue corn cookies as affected by ingredients and oven types." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1673.
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