Journal articles: 'Fiber elongation'

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Liu, Guoyuan, Ji Liu, Wenfeng Pei, Xihua Li, Nuohan Wang, Jianjiang Ma, Xinshan Zang, et al. "Analysis of the MIR160 gene family and the role of MIR160a_A05 in regulating fiber length in cotton." Planta 250, no. 6 (October 16, 2019): 2147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-019-03271-7.

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Abstract Main conclusion The MIR160 family in Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense was characterized, and miR160a_A05 was found to increase cotton-fiber length by downregulating its target gene (ARF17) and several GH3 genes. Abstract Cotton fiber is the most important raw material for the textile industry. MicroRNAs are involved in regulating cotton-fiber development, but a role in fiber elongation has not been demonstrated. In this study, miR160a was found to be differentially expressed in elongating fibers between two interspecific (between Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense) backcross inbred lines (BILs) with different fiber lengths. The gene MIR160 colocalized with a previously mapped fiber-length quantitative trait locus. Its target gene ARF17 was differentially expressed between the two BILs during fiber elongation, but in the inverse fashion. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the MIR160 family in both G. hirsutum and G. barbadense. Moreover, qRT–PCR analysis identified MIR160a as the functional MIR160 gene encoding the miR160a precursor during fiber elongation. Using virus-induced gene silencing and overexpression, overexpressed MIR160a_A05 resulted in significantly longer fibers compared with wild type, whereas suppression of miR160 resulted in significantly shorter fibers. Expression levels of the target gene auxin-response factor 17 (ARF17) and related genes GH3 in the two BILs and/or the virus-infected plants demonstrated similar changes in response to modulation of miR160a level. Finally, overexpression or suppression of miR160 increased or decreased, respectively, the cellular level of indole-3-acetic acid, which is involved in fiber elongation. These results describe a specific regulatory mechanism for fiber elongation in cotton that can be utilized for future crop improvement.

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KOUKO, JARMO, TUOMAS TURPEINEN, ARTEM KULACHENKO, ULRICH HIRN, and ELIAS RETULAINEN. "Understanding extensibility of paper: Role of fiber elongation and fiber bonding." March 2020 19, no. 3 (April 1, 2020): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj19.3.125.

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The tensile tests of individual bleached softwood kraft pulp fibers and sheets, as well as the micro-mechanical simulation of the fiber network, suggest that only a part of the elongation potential of individual fibers is utilized in the elongation of the sheet. The stress-strain curves of two actual individual pulp fibers and one mimicked classic stress-strain behavior of fiber were applied to a micromechanical simulation of random fiber networks. Both the experimental results and the micromechanical simulations indicated that fiber bonding has an important role not only in determining the strength but also the elongation of fiber networks. Additionally, the results indicate that the shape of the stress-strain curve of individual pulp fibers may have a significant influence on the shape of the stress-strain curve of a paper sheet. A large increase in elongation and strength of paper can be reached only by strength-ening fiber-fiber bonding, as demonstrated by the experimental handsheets containing starch and cellulose microfi-brils and by the micromechanical simulations. The key conclusion related to this investigation was that simulated uniform inter-fiber bond strength does not influence the shape of the stress-strain curve of the fiber network until the bonds fail, whereas the number of bonds has an influence on the activation of the fiber network and on the shape of the whole stress-strain curve.

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Yang, Qing Bin, and Yu Kun Dou. "The Strength and Elongation of PLA Fiber Yarn." Advanced Materials Research 460 (February 2012): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.460.271.

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The PLA fiber is one of the green fibers. It is blended with Tencel fibers. The strength of the PLA fiber/Tencel blended yarn is tested. The relationship between the strength and the twist factor and the blended ratio is analyzed. The optimum blended ratio and the critical twist factor of the blended yarn is determined.

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Amanuel, Lami. "Palm leaf sheath fiber extraction and surface modification." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502095072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020950724.

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The influence of softening on tensile strength, elongation at break, moisture regain and microscopic morphology of Palm Sheath fiber extracted by chemical degumming using 80% sodium hydroxide; bleached by hydrogen peroxide and softened by silicone emulsion softener was studied. The softened and unsoftened fibers were characterized for their longitudinal view, tensile strength and elongation at break of single fiber by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The single fiber tensile strength and elongation at break were 19.6% and 10.22% respectively. The calculated value of moisture regain and moisture content of the softened fibers was 12.65% and 11.23% respectively. The tensile strength, elongation at break, moisture management of the softened palm sheath fiber was significantly higher. As a result of surface modification microscopic morphology, the treated fiber was also found different. The study result had drawn the significant influence of the surface modification on the forth mentioned properties of the extracted palm leaf sheath fiber.

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Gorshkov, Oleg, Tatyana Chernova, Natalia Mokshina, Natalia Gogoleva, Dmitry Suslov, Alexander Tkachenko, and Tatyana Gorshkova. "Intrusive Growth of Phloem Fibers in Flax Stem: Integrated Analysis of miRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles." Plants 8, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8020047.

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Phloem fibers are important elements of plant architecture and the target product of many fiber crops. A key stage in fiber development is intrusive elongation, the mechanisms of which are largely unknown. Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in intrusivelygrowing fibers obtained by laser microdissection from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) stem revealed all 124 known flax miRNA from 23 gene families and the potential targets of differentially expressed miRNAs. A comparison of the expression between phloem fibers at different developmental stages, and parenchyma and xylem tissues demonstrated that members of miR159, miR166, miR167, miR319, miR396 families were down-regulated in intrusively growing fibers. Some putative target genes of these miRNA families, such as those putatively encoding growth-regulating factors, an argonaute family protein, and a homeobox-leucine zipper family protein were up-regulated in elongating fibers. miR160, miR169, miR390, and miR394 showed increased expression. Changes in the expression levels of miRNAs and their target genes did not match expectations for the majority of predicted target genes. Taken together, poorly understood intrusive fiber elongation, the key process of phloem fiber development, was characterized from a miRNA-target point of view, giving new insights into its regulation.

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STERNER, MARION, and MIKAEL MAGNUSSON. "Innovative technology for making improved paper from the poorest fibers." November 2017 16, no. 11 (2017): 633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj16.11.633.

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The trademarked Papermorphosis technology, consisting of two novel units for separately increasing cross direction (CD) and machine direction (MD) elongation over purely mechanical processes, has been successfully tested on recycling fiber, reaching high elongation values in each direction of over 15% in CD or 20% in MD. Increase of elongation has also had a positive influence on the relative tensile energy absorption (TEA) values in CD and MD. It is well known that mechanical properties in paper basically depend on fiber choice, headbox properties, and refining. With the novel system, elongations in cross direction (CD) and machine direction (MD) can be individually customized, even in paper grades with lower strength deriving from recycled fiber. Customizing elongations also has the effect of improving or better balancing TEA values in both directions. The aim is to improve existing recycling papers and to broaden the use of recycling fiber with respect to the past.

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Zieliński, Tomasz, and Łukasz Zychowicz. "ANALISYS OF THE INFLUENCE OF GLUE JOINTS ON THE MEASUREMENT OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS USING FIBER BRAGG GRATING." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.2353.

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The research presents the analysis of the influence of the glue connection on the measurement of elongation of stainless steel and aluminum samples by means of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with uniform fibers used as a measuring transducer. Research indicates two possible factors affecting the deformation of the transmission spectrum obtained during elongation measurement. One of them is the type of adhesive that is used to make the connection between the fiber Bragg grating and the tested sample. The second possible factor is method of connection's execution. The need for research on glue connection resulted from the formation of defects mainly in the form of numerous side bands visible in the transmission spectrum during the measurement of elongations. The test results were presented in the form of graphs obtained on the basis of transmission characteristic.

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McCormick, Kolby M., João Paulo Saraiva Morais, Eric Hequet, and Brendan Kelly. "Development of the correction procedure for High Volume Instrument elongation measurement." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 19-20 (February 11, 2019): 4095–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519829002.

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Cotton spinning mills need high-quality fibers to maintain their manufacturing efficiency. Machinery throughput is increasing and it could translate into more processes with higher breaking stress. Consequently, more fibers are susceptible to breaking or damage. To face this problem, breeders must develop new varieties whose fibers can better withstand this mechanical stress. The main tool utilized in cotton breeding programs is the High Volume Instrument (HVI), which reports in a short time measurements such as micronaire, length, color, and strength. This instrument can also determine fiber elongation, but there is no current correction method for it. Both elongation and strength factor into the work-to-break of fibers, which plays a direct role in fiber breakage and spinning performance. The objective of this work was to develop cotton elongation standards, devise a correction procedure for HVI lines, evaluate measurement stability, and validate these results with a set of independent samples. Two commercial bales, one with low and one with high HVI elongation, were identified as potential elongation standards. The potential standards were produced and evaluated. After validation, they were used to correct HVI lines against Stelometer (STrength-ELOngation-METER) measurements. An independent set of samples was tested on corrected HVIs to confirm the effectiveness of the elongation corrected measurements. The HVI data were at least as good as the Stelometer data, with increased data acquisition speed and precision. This research can help cotton breeders to improve fiber elongation and strength at the same time, resulting in better fibers for yarn spinning.

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Szustakowski, M., N. Palka, and W. Ciurapinski. "Contrastometric fiber optic elongation sensor." Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 129 (October 2005): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2005129035.

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Mathangadeera, Ruvini W., Eric F. Hequet, Brendan Kelly, Jane K. Dever, and Carol M. Kelly. "Importance of cotton fiber elongation in fiber processing." Industrial Crops and Products 147 (May 2020): 112217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112217.

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Atalie, Desalegn, and Rotich K. Gideon. "Extraction and characterization of Ethiopian palm leaf fibers." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 22, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-06-2017-0035.

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Purpose This study aims at extracting and characterizing palm leaf fibers from Elaeis guineensis species of palm trees found in Ethiopia. Design/methodology/approach The fibers were extracted using three methods: manually, through water retting and chemically with sodium hydroxide. Physical parameters of the extracted fibers were evaluated, including tensile strength, fiber fineness, moisture content, degradation point and functional groups. Its cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents were also analyzed. Findings The results showed that the palm leaf fibers have a comparable fiber strength (170-450 MPa), elongation (0.95-1.25 per cent), fiber length (230-500 mm) and moisture regain (8-10 per cent) to jute, sisal and flax and thus can be used for technical textile application. Originality/value The fibers extracted using the water retting method had better properties than the other extraction methods. Its fiber length of 307 mm, cellulose content of 58 per cent, strength of 439 MPa and elongation of 1.24 per cent were the highest for all the extracted fibers. When compared with other fibers, palm leaf fiber properties such as tensile strength (439 MPa), elongation (1.24 per cent), moisture content (7.9-10.4 per cent and degradation point (360-380°C) were consistent with those of jute, sisal and ramie fibers. Hence, palm leaf fibers can be used for technical textile applications such as composite reinforcement.

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Yuan, Xiao Hong, Ying Jin Gan, Dong Sheng Chen, and Yuan Jing Ye. "Analysis on Mechanical Properties of Lotus Fibers." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1905.

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To understand the fundamental mechanical properties of lotus fiber could provide theoretical basis for developing lotus fiber fabric. This paper is focused on the mechanical properties of lotus fiber under the state of wet, dry and normal temperature, which include the single tensile properties, the repeated tensile stress properties under constant elongation, stress relaxation and creep properties, and have comparation and analysis on the cotton fiber and the viscose fiber. The conclusion shows that the lotus fiber and viscose fiber are more effect by humidity than the cotton fiber. The fibre strength of lotus fiber was the biggest than cotton fiber and viscose fiber under the normal temperature and dry state. The elongation at break of viscose fiber was the biggest than lotus fiber and cotton fiber under the state of wet, dry and normal temperature. From wet state to normal temperature state to dry state, the fiber strength of lotus fiber increase gradually, and elongation at break gradually decreased. The plastic deformation resistance ability, the stress relaxation and creep properties of bamboo pulp fiber under wet state are best, and the dry condition are the worst.

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Wei, Zhang, Feng, Xie, Wu, and Cao. "Influence of Polypropylene Fiber on Tensile Property of a Cement-Polymer Based Thin Spray-On Liner." Applied Sciences 9, no. 14 (July 18, 2019): 2876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9142876.

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The influence of a polypropylene fiber on the tensile properties of a cement-polymer based thin spray-on liner (TSL) was investigated in this study. Two different contents of fiber were added to the liner, yielding two TSL groups. Tensile tests were performed (in accordance with the ASTM D638 standard) on the two groups of specimens as well as the control group at 1, 7, 14, and 28-day curing. The test result verified the large plasticity and low elastic modulus of the TSL compared with the fiber. SEM examination revealed that fibers lying parallel to the load direction ruptured or were pulled out from the matrix, which was beneficial to the tensile strength, but detrimental to the elongation because of their high stiffness. Other fibers lying perpendicular with the load direction were detrimental to both tensile strength and elongation through aggravating the propagation of the cracks. The tensile strength was improved by fiber incorporation, while the elongation was reduced at all curing. The influence of fibers on tensile toughness was uncertain since tensile toughness depended on strength as well as deformity.

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Thahir, Muhammad Agam, Irwandy Syofyan, and Isnaniah Isnaniah. "PENGUJIAN SINKING SPEED SERAT ALAMI." JURNAL PERIKANAN TROPIS 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jpt.v4i1.59.

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The aim of this study to determine the elongation of three types of natural fibers. The method used is an experiment, by directly testing samples of the rope in the aquarium. Sinking speed value of banana stem fiber is 4.8 cm / sec, pandan leaves 3.9 cm / sec, bundung grass fibers 2.6 cm / sec. The third of these natural fibers, banana stem fibers that have the potential as for natural fibre rope material fishing gear.

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Gnatowski, Adam, Agnieszka Kijo-Kleczkowska, Rafał Gołębski, and Kamil Mirek. "Analysis of polymeric materials properties changes after addition of reinforcing fibers." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 30, no. 6 (May 29, 2019): 2833–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-02-2019-0107.

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Purpose The issues concerning the prediction of changes in properties of polymer materials as a result of adding reinforcing fibers are currently widely discussed in the field of polymer material processing. This paper aims to present strengths and weaknesses of composites based on polymer materials strengthened with fibers. It touches upon composite cracking at the junction of a matrix and its reinforcement. It also discusses the analysis of changes in properties of chosen materials as a result of adding reinforcing fibers. The paper shows improvement in the strength of polymer materials with fiber addition, which is extremely important, because these types of composites are used in the aerospace, automotive and electrical engineering industries. Design/methodology/approach Comparing the properties of matrix strength with fiber properties is practically impossible. Thus, fiber tensile strength and composite tensile strength shall be compared (González et al., 2011): tensile (glass fiber GF) = 900 [MPa], elongation ΔL≈ 0; yield point (polyamide 66) = 70−90 [MPa], elongation Δ[%] = 3,5-18; tensile (polyamide 66 + 15% GF) = 80-125 [MPa], elongation Δ[%] ≈ 0; tensile (polyamide 66 + 30% GF) = 190 [MPa], elongation Δ[%] ≈ 0; yield point (polyamide 6) = 45-85 [MPa], elongation Δ[%] = 4-15; tensile (polyamide 6 + 15% GF) = 80-125 [MPa], elongation Δ[%] ≈ 0; tensile (polyamide 6 + 30% GF) = 95-130 [MPa] elongation Δ[%] ≈ 0. Comparison of properties of selected polymers and composites is presented in Tables 1−10 and Figures 1 and 2. The measurement methodology is presented in detail in the paper Kula et al. (2018). The increase in fiber content (to the extent discussed) leads to the increase in yield strength stresses and hardness. The value of yield strength for polyamide with the addition of fiberglass grows gradually with the increase in fiber content. The hardness of the composite of polyamide with glass balls increases together with the increase in reinforcement content. The changes of these values do not occur linearly. The increase in fiber content has a slight impact on density change (the increase of about 1 g/mm3 per 10 per cent). Findings The use of polymers as a matrix allows to give composites features such as: lightness, corrosion resistance, damping ability, good electrical insulation and thermal and easy shaping. Polymers used as a matrix perform the following functions in composites: give the desired shape to the products, allow transferring loads to fibers, shape thermal, chemical and flammable properties of composites and increase the possibilities of making composites. Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are the effect of searching for new construction materials. Glass fibers show tensile strength, stiffness and brittleness, while the polymer matrix has viscoelastic properties. Glass fibers have a uniform shape and dimensions. Fiber-reinforced composites are therefore used to increase strength and stiffness of materials. Polymers have low tensile strength, exhibit high deformability. Polymers reinforced by glass fiber have a high modulus of elasticity and therefore provide better the mechanical properties of the material. Composites with glass fibers do not exhibit deformations in front of cracking. An increase in the content of glass fiber in composites increases the tensile strength of the material. Polymers reinforced by glass fiber are currently one of the most important construction materials and are widely used in the aerospace, automotive and electro-technical industries. Originality/value The paper presents the test results for polyethylene composites with 25 per cent and 50 per cent filler coming from recycled car carpets of various car makes. The tests included using differential scanning calorimetry, testing material hardness, material tensile strength and their dynamic mechanical properties.

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Ruksakulpiwat, Chaiwat, Wasaphon Wanasut, Apikiat Singkum, and Ruksakulpiwat Yupaporn. "Cogon Grass Fiber-Epoxidized Natural Rubber Composites." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.375.

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This research shows a great potential of cogon grass fiber to be used as a reinforcement in epoxidized natural rubber composites. The thermal and mechanical properties of cogon grass fiber-epoxidized natural rubber composites were studied. The chemical treatment of cogon grass fiber to be used as a reinforcing filler was revealed. Effects of fiber treatment method and treatment time of cogon grass fiber on thermal properties of the fibers and their composites were elucidated. The addition of cogon grass fiber into epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) improved the mechanical properties of the composites.The result indicated that alkaline treatment followed by acid treatment of cogon grass fiber led to an increase in thermal decomposition temperature and mechanical properties of the composites more than that without acid treatment. With increasing the amount of fiber, tensile strength of ENR composites were significantly increased while elongation at break was insignificantly changed. ENR with the addition of 4-Amino-6-hydroxy-2-mercaptopyrimidine monohydrate as coupling agent (ENRC) was shown to have higher tensile strength, modulus at 200% elongation and elongation at break than ENR. Improved mechanical properties were also obtained in ENRC composites compared to those of ENR composites.

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Ikeda, Morio, Yoshio Shimizu, and Atsuo Konda. "Spontaneous Elongation of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Fiber." FIBER 58, no. 12 (2002): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.451.

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Wang, Na-Na, Yang Li, Yi-Hao Chen, Rui Lu, Li Zhou, Yao Wang, Yong Zheng, and Xue-Bao Li. "Phosphorylation of WRKY16 by MPK3-1 is essential for its transcriptional activity during fiber initiation and elongation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)." Plant Cell 33, no. 8 (May 27, 2021): 2736–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koab153.

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Abstract Cotton, one of the most important crops in the world, produces natural fiber materials for the textile industry. WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant development and stress responses. However, little is known about whether and how WRKY transcription factors regulate fiber development of cotton so far. In this study, we show that a fiber-preferential WRKY transcription factor, GhWRKY16, positively regulates fiber initiation and elongation. GhWRKY16-silenced transgenic cotton displayed a remarkably reduced number of fiber protrusions on the ovule and shorter fibers compared to the wild-type. During early fiber development, GhWRKY16 directly binds to the promoters of GhHOX3, GhMYB109, GhCesA6D-D11, and GhMYB25 to induce their expression, thereby promoting fiber initiation and elongation. Moreover, GhWRKY16 is phosphorylated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase GhMPK3-1 at residues T-130 and S-260. Phosphorylated GhWRKY16 directly activates the transcription of GhMYB25, GhHOX3, GhMYB109, and GhCesA6D-D11 for early fiber development. Thus, our data demonstrate that GhWRKY16 plays a crucial role in fiber initiation and elongation, and that GhWRKY16 phosphorylation by GhMPK3-1 is essential for the transcriptional activation on downstream genes during the fiber development of cotton.

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Chen, Qian, Fan Xu, Li Wang, Xiaodong Suo, Qiaoling Wang, Qian Meng, Li Huang, Caixia Ma, Guiming Li, and Ming Luo. "Sphingolipid Profile during Cotton Fiber Growth Revealed That a Phytoceramide Containing Hydroxylated and Saturated VLCFA Is Important for Fiber Cell Elongation." Biomolecules 11, no. 9 (September 12, 2021): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11091352.

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Cotton fiber is a single-celled seed trichrome that arises from the epidermis of the ovule’s outer integument. The fiber cell displays high polar expansion and thickens but not is disrupted by cell division. Therefore, it is an ideal model for studying the growth and development of plant cells. Sphingolipids are important components of membranes and are also active molecules in cells. However, the sphingolipid profile during fiber growth and the differences in sphingolipid metabolism at different developmental stages are still unclear. In this study, we detected that there were 6 classes and 95 molecular species of sphingolipids in cotton fibers by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS (UHPLC-MS/MS). Among these, the phytoceramides (PhytoCer) contained the most molecular species, and the PhytoCer content was highest, while that of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was the lowest. The content of PhytoCer, phytoceramides with hydroxylated fatty acyls (PhytoCer-OHFA), phyto-glucosylceramides (Phyto-GluCer), and glycosyl-inositol-phospho-ceramides (GIPC) was higher than that of other classes in fiber cells. With the development of fiber cells, phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (t-S1P) and PhytoCer changed greatly. The sphingolipid molecular species Ceramide (Cer) d18:1/26:1, PhytoCer t18:1/26:0, PhytoCer t18:0/26:0, PhytoCer t18:1/h20:0, PhytoCer t18:1/h26:0, PhytoCer t18:0/h26:0, and GIPC t18:0/h16:0 were significantly enriched in 10-DPA fiber cells while Cer d18:1/20:0, Cer d18:1/22:0, and GIPC t18:0/h18:0 were significantly enriched in 20-DPA fiber cells, indicating that unsaturated PhytoCer containing hydroxylated and saturated very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) play some role in fiber cell elongation. Consistent with the content analysis results, the related genes involved in long chain base (LCB) hydroxylation and unsaturation as well as VLCFA synthesis and hydroxylation were highly expressed in rapidly elongating fiber cells. Furthermore, the exogenous application of a potent inhibitor of serine palmitoyltransferase, myriocin, severely blocked fiber cell elongation, and the exogenous application of sphingosine antagonized the inhibition of myriocin for fiber elongation. Taking these points together, we concluded that sphingolipids play crucial roles in fiber cell elongation and SCW deposition. This provides a new perspective for further studies on the regulatory mechanism of the growth and development of cotton fiber cells.

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Wang, Shuguang, Yongpeng Ma, Chengbin Wan, Chungyun Hse, Todd F. Shupe, Yujun Wang, and Changming Wang. "Immunolocalization of Endogenous Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Abscisic Acid in the Shoot Internodes of Fargesia yunnanensis Bamboo during Development." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 141, no. 6 (November 2016): 563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs03814-16.

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The Bambusoideae subfamily includes the fastest-growing plants worldwide, as a consequence of fast internode elongation. However, few studies have evaluated the temporal and spatial distribution of endogenous hormones during internode elongation. In this paper, endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were detected in different developmental internodes during shoot elongation by immunolocalization. Immunohistochemistry showed that IAA was mainly present in the shoot apex, leaf sheath primordia, parenchymal cells, and vascular tissues. During internode elongation and maturation, the IAA signals decreased significantly and then increased slightly, with the weakest signals observed in the rapidly elongating internode. Based on immunogold localization, most IAA signals were detected in the cytoplasm and nuclei of both parenchymal and fiber cells, and few signals were detected in cell walls in the unelongated and elongating internodes. After the completion of internode elongation, additional IAA signals were detected in the secondary walls of both parenchymal and fiber cells. Immunohistochemical localization of ABA showed that ABA signals decreased with internode elongation and maturation, with the weakest signal observed in the internodes of 3-month-old shoots. In addition, few ABA signals were detected in the shoot apex. The strongest IAA and ABA signals in unelongated internodes suggested that both hormones participated in the mediation of internode differentiation but not in the rapid elongation. Moreover, IAA was involved in secondary cell wall deposition.

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Ma, Jun, Qiancheng Zhang, Weidong Song, Jianzhong Wang, Huiping Tang, and Feng Jin. "Tensile Behavior of Sintered Stainless Steel Fiber Felts: Effect of Sintering Joints and Fiber Ligaments." Metals 8, no. 10 (September 27, 2018): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8100768.

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To optimize the tensile properties of sintered 316L stainless steel fiber felts (SSFFs) which is important for their practical applications, the influence of sintering conditions on the microstructure (fiber ligament, sintering joint) and in turn, the tensile properties was investigated experimentally. It was shown that the tensile strength and tensile elongation of SSFFs were dominated by the tensile properties of the fiber ligaments and the bonding strength of the sintering joints. With the increase of sintering temperature versus holding time, the tensile strength of the fiber ligaments dropped significantly, while the sintering joints grew, producing a higher bonding strength between the fibers, resulting in more fibers being involved in the tensile process. These changes in sintering joints and fiber ligaments finally led to a relatively static ultimate strength of SSFFs with a significantly increased elongation, thus with a large increase in tensile fracture energy. The increase of size of the sintering joints also helped to considerably raise the tensile fatigue limit of 316L SSFFs. This research provides a basis to improve the mechanical properties of sintered 316L SSFFs in industrial production.

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Chandhasa, Rosjana, Jong Boonpracha, Somsakul Jerasilp, and Palang Wongtanasuporn. "The Guidelines of Product Design from the Vetivers Grass Fiber Innovation (Case Study of the Handicraft Product Group, Phayao Province)." Asian Social Science 13, no. 12 (November 28, 2017): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n12p77.

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This research aims to study the process and the physical property of the vitiate grass fiber by spinning vetiver grass with other natural fibers such as cotton, SamiaRicini, silk and plastic fiber such as plastic rope, wire rope and straw rope. The exploration was conducted by Ban KoSoa women group cooperative settlement, Ban Kae Mai handicraft product group and Ban Don Chai handicraft product group in Pusang District, Phayao Province. The physical properties examination, namely: ASTMD 1059:2001 Standard Test Method for Fiber Size, ASTM D 2256: 2002 Standard Test Method for Fiber Toughness with Hardness and Flexibility fiber Equipment, the results of examination would be brought to determinate for the handicraft product development design. The results from this exploration revealed that the fiber size was 0.73-0.15Ne, the tenacity (toughness) as maximum tensile strength was 4.75-9.97 kgf and the elongation at break was 7.73-11.48 percentages. The vetiver grass fiber mixed with straw rope had the tenacity as maximum tensile strength with differently at the statistically significant level of .05, the tenacity as maximum tensile strength average at 9.9 kgf, the vetiver grass fiber mixed with cotton fiber had the tenacity as maximum tensile strength with differently at the statistically significant level of .05, the tenacity as maximum tensile strength average at 6.60 kgf. The vetiver grass fiber mixed with wire rope had the highest elongation at break with differently at the statistically significant level of .05 by with the elongation break was 11.48 percentage. The vetiver grass fiber mixed with SamiaRicini fiber had the elongation break point with differently at the statistically significant level at .05, the elongation at break was 11.6 percentage. According to the handicraft product development guideline from the physical property of the vetiver grass fiber on the basis of this finding, the strength fiber as the vetiver grass fiber mixed with straw rope fiber or cotton fiber could be used for supporting weight product requirement, the elasticity fiber as the vetiver grass fiber mixed with straw rope fiber or SamiaRicini could be used for product which soft and flexibility requirement, the utility from using fiber color that spinning for beauty could be used the vetiver grass fiber that spinning and mixed with other fiber.

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Ding, Chunlin, Chao Wu, Zhewei Meng, and Gang Fang. "Mechanical properties and characteristic analysis of the new concave–convex polypropylene macro fiber." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (January 2019): 155892501984301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019843018.

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A computer-controlled electronic universal testing machine was used to test the mechanical properties of polypropylene macro fiber, including tensile strength, breaking elongation, and elastic modulus. The mechanical properties were compared with fibers soaked in an alkali solution and heat treated. The dispersion, corrosion resistance, and toughness of the polypropylene macro fiber in concrete were also analyzed via a fiber concrete test. The polypropylene macro fiber has a high tensile strength, large elastic modulus, and good ductility. The polypropylene macro fiber has heat resistance and alkali resistance. After heat treatment, the maximum breaking force, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and elongation at breaking are more than 92.0% of baseline. After alkali solution treatment, the maximum breaking force, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and elongation at breaking reach more than 88.0% of baseline. The surface of the polypropylene macro fiber is concave and convex; the cross section is X type, and the bite force is powerful between the concrete and the fiber. Compared to steel fiber, the polypropylene macro fiber is light and small. At the same volume content, the input number of the polypropylene macro fiber per volume concrete is more than that of steel fiber, and it is easy to evenly disperse the material. It has corrosion resistance and high toughness when the polypropylene macro fiber is mixed in the concrete.

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24

Oono, Ryo. "Breaking Process of Polymer Monofilaments by Elongation." Sen'i Gakkaishi 53, no. 11 (1997): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.53.11_483.

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Atakan, Raziye, Serdar Sezer, and Hale Karakas. "Development of nonwoven automotive carpets made of recycled PET fibers with improved abrasion resistance." Journal of Industrial Textiles 49, no. 7 (September 7, 2018): 835–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718798637.

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In this study, velour design molded automotive carpets made of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers were developed via needle-punching process to improve their abrasion resistance properties. Initially, virgin PET fibers and recycled PET (rPET) fibers derived from PET bottle wastes were supplied from different producers and they were tested in terms of their fiber properties such as fiber length, crimp, tensile strength, elongation, tenacity, and intrinsic viscosity. It was demonstrated that recycled fibers from bottle wastes used in the study have lower tenacity and higher elongation than virgin PET fibers. In the second part, rPET fibers to be used in manufacturing in terms of their desired properties were selected. Subsequently, molded automotive carpets were produced from the selected rPET fibers and virgin PET fiber blends with adjusted manufacturing and molding parameters. Developed carpets were tested for abrasion resistance performance and they were evaluated according to requested specification. Results showed that carpets made of 85% rPET + 15% bicomponent PET had almost equal performance in terms of both fiber loss and carpet appearances with carpets consisting of 80% PET + 20% bicomponent PET. Carpets made of recycled PET fibers offer the manufacturer low raw material costs in addition to ecological advantages.

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Yu, Chongwen, Weiying Tao, and Timothy A. Calamari. "Treatment and Characterization of Kenaf for Nonwoven and Woven Applications." International Nonwovens Journal os-9, no. 4 (December 2000): 1558925000OS—90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925000os-900409.

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A kenaf bast fiber is comprised of a bundle of single fibers bound by lignin and pectins. It offers the advantages of being renewable, biodegradable and environmentally safe. However, it is difficult to process kenaf fibers because of the coarseness, stiffness and low cohesion of the fiber bundles. In this research, kenaf fiber bundles have been treated by both alkaline sulfide and a modified chemical degumming methods to improve fiber properties. Tensile properties, fineness, length and softness of the kenaf fiber bundles after the treatments were determined. It was found that both treatments improved the fiber fineness, softness and elongation; however, fiber bundle strength was decreased. The modified chemical degumming method was more effective. Under the optimum modified chemical degumming condition, the fineness of the kenaf fiber bundle was improved more than 50% and the fiber bundle was more than twice as soft as the raw material. These kenaf fiber bundles were much finer and softer and found to be easier to process than those obtained in earlier studies. The treated kenaf fiber bundles can be blended with cotton fibers and easily carded on a cotton card with minimum losses. The carded batts can be further processed for either nonwoven or woven applications.

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Moghassem, A. R. "Study on the Dyed Cotton Fibers Damage in Spinning Processes and its Effect on the Cotton Mélange Yarn Properties." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-12-01-2008-b009.

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Grey cotton fibers with a mean fiber length and fineness of 29 mm and 4.2 micronair was pretreated, scoured and dyed. Three ring yarns were spun separately from 100% grey cotton (R.R.Y.), 50% dyed and 50% grey cotton blend (M.R.Y.) and 100% dyed cotton (D.R.Y.). The extent of fiber damage was assessed by measuring the length and the mechanical characteristics of cotton fibers after passing the fibers through the lap machine and the draw frame II. Properties of R.R.Y., M.R.Y. and D.R.Y. samples were examined. In terms of tenacity and elongation at break, grey and dyed cotton fibers, which were selected after being processed by the lap machine and the draw frame II, were very similar. The fiber length by number and weight of grey cotton was longer than that of dyed cotton, while the amount of fiber nep and short fiber content of dyed cotton were more than those of grey cotton. The three yarn samples were the same in terms of elongation at break. The tenacity of R.R.Y. was the highest but the yarn sample was the lowest in terms of coefficients of mass variation (Cv%), imperfection and hairiness in comparison with the M.R.Y. and D.R.Y. samples.

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Shehu, U., MT Isa, BO Aderemi, and TK Bello. "EFFECTS OF NaOH MODIFICATION ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BAOBAB POD FIBER REINFORCED LDPE COMPOSITES." Nigerian Journal of Technology 36, no. 1 (December 28, 2016): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i1.12.

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In order to improve properties of natural fibers as reinforcement, different treatment methods have being adopted by researchers. However, the use of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for the treatment of baobab pod fiber as reinforcement in low density polyethylene is sparsely reported. Therefore, this study, investigated the effect of 2 wt%, 4 wt% 6 wt%, 8 wt% and 10 wt% concentration of NaOH on baobab pod fibers as reinforcement for low density polyethylene (LDPE). Two roll mill machine and hydraulic press at a pressure of 10 kN and temperature of 120oC aided the production of the composite. FT-IR was used to analyze the functional groups of the treated and un-treated fibers. The result showed the disappearance of the peak 1550 cm-1 corresponding to lignin after modification. Further, the composites were characterized for the following tensile strength (TS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), elongation at break, impact strength and water absorption. Preliminary studies on the effect of loading of the unmodified baobab fiber in the LDPE matrix showed desirable properties at 10 wt%, where fiber content was in the range of 5 wt% to 30 wt% at interval of 5 wt%. The composite produced from the 8 wt% NaOH modified fiber had the highest tensile strength, MOE, elongation at break. At this modification level, the tensile strength, MOE and elongation at break were about 75.48%, 92.18% and 28% respectively higher than the composite produced from unmodified fiber. Composite produced with 10 wt% NaOH modified fiber exhibited least water absorption of 1.80%, which was 50% lower than unmodified. These showed that the modification of the fiber improved the composite properties. These properties compared favorably with some reported properties for natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i1.12

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Ucar, Nuray, Ilkay Ozsev Yuksek, Mervin Olmez, Elif Can, and Ayşen Onen. "The effect of oxidation process on graphene oxide fiber properties." Materials Science-Poland 37, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2019-0015.

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AbstractGraphene, a carbon allotrope, became a significant area of research with its superior electrical, mechanical, optical properties, etc. There are several methods to obtain graphene oxide from graphite, one of which is the Hummers method. In this study, several modifications and pre-treatments preceding the Hummers method have been employed. Three different graphene oxide fibers have been produced by three different procedures, i.e. fibers obtained by Hummers method with pre-oxidation step, modified Hummers method and modified Hummers method with pre-oxidation step. It has been observed that pre-oxidation has a significant effect on graphene oxide fiber properties produced by wet spinning process (coagulation). Modified Hummers method without pre-oxidation leads to the highest breaking strength and breaking elongation. Reduced fiber linear density, breaking strength and breaking elongation together with increased crimp were observed in graphene fiber due to the addition of pre-oxidation step.

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30

Domura, Ryota, Rie Sasaki, Masami Okamoto, Minoru Hirano, Katsunori Kohda, Brett Napiwocki, and Lih-Sheng Turng. "Comprehensive study on cellular morphologies, proliferation, motility, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells incubated on electrospun polymeric fiber substrates." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 5, no. 14 (2017): 2588–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tb00207f.

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31

Ahad, Nor Azwin, Yeo Ju Ann, Nurul Atirah Norozi, and Ain Amirah Azman. "Tensile Strength on Seven Type of Fruits Skin Fiber Thermoplastic Poyurethane (TPU)." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.608.

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Natural fibers of trees, fruit skins and so on are considered as recyclable and are used as filler materials in polymer composites. For decades, natural fibers have become the attention of researchers as an alternative to commercial, synthetic and costly fibers. Therefore, this study has used 7 types of natural fibers from local fruit waste parts in Malaysia, as fillers in TPU. This composite was produced via melt mixing technique, with different filler loading from 5wt% to 20wt%. Different types of natural fiber and its loading, showed different mechanical properties which resulted through tensile strength and elongation at break. Also, it is found that each of these natural fibers gives maximum tensile strength to the optimum loading between 5wt% and 10wt%. The composite with pineapple fiber is the composite with the highest tensile strength value at 5wt% filler load, as well as the most elastic composite with the highest elongation at break percentages.

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32

Zhou, Fangfang, Bowen Zheng, Fei Wang, Aiping Cao, Shuangquan Xie, Xifeng Chen, Joel A. Schick, Xiang Jin, and Hongbin Li. "Genome-Wide Analysis of MDHAR Gene Family in Four Cotton Species Provides Insights into Fiber Development via Regulating AsA Redox Homeostasis." Plants 10, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020227.

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Monodehydroasorbate reductase (MDHAR) (EC1.6.5.4), a key enzyme in ascorbate-glutathione recycling, plays important roles in cell growth, plant development and physiological response to environmental stress via control of ascorbic acid (AsA)-mediated reduction/oxidation (redox) regulation. Until now, information regarding MDHAR function and regulatory mechanism in Gossypium have been limited. Herein, a genome-wide identification and comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of 36 MDHAR family genes in four Gossypium species, Gossypium arboreum, G. raimondii, G. hirsutum, and G. barbadense, were performed, indicating their close evolutionary relationship. Expression analysis of GhMDHARs in different cotton tissues and under abiotic stress and phytohormone treatment revealed diverse expression features. Fiber-specific expression analysis showed that GhMDHAR1A/D, 3A/D and 4A/D were preferentially expressed in fiber fast elongating stages to reach peak values in 15-DPA fibers, with corresponding coincident observances of MDHAR enzyme activity, AsA content and ascorbic acid/dehydroascorbic acid (AsA/DHA) ratio. Meanwhile, there was a close positive correlation between the increase of AsA content and AsA/DHA ratio catalyzed by MDHAR and fiber elongation development in different fiber-length cotton cultivars, suggesting the potential important function of MDHAR for fiber growth. Following H2O2 stimulation, GhMDHAR demonstrated immediate responses at the levels of mRNA, enzyme, the product of AsA and corresponding AsA/DHA value, and antioxidative activity. These results for the first time provide a comprehensive systemic analysis of the MDHAR gene family in plants and the four cotton species and demonstrate the contribution of MDHAR to fiber elongation development by controlling AsA-recycling-mediated cellular redox homeostasis.

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33

Yoshizawa, N. "Estimation of submarine optical-fiber cable elongation." Journal of Lightwave Technology 3, no. 1 (1985): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.1985.1074151.

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34

Audette, Dylan S., David A. Scheiblin, and Melinda K. Duncan. "The molecular mechanisms underlying lens fiber elongation." Experimental Eye Research 156 (March 2017): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2016.03.016.

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35

Tan, Jiafu, Lili Tu, Fenglin Deng, Rui Wu, and Xianlong Zhang. "Exogenous Jasmonic Acid Inhibits Cotton Fiber Elongation." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 31, no. 4 (February 25, 2012): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00344-012-9260-1.

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36

Gu, Hong Xing, Hao Jing Wang, and Li Dong Fan. "Structure Characterization and Property Analysis of HKT800 Carbon Fiber." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.183.

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The characterization and properties of the HKT800 carbon fiber were performed, and results showed that the tensile strength, tensile modulus and tensile elongation of HKT800 carbon fiber reached 5.6 GPa, 290 GPa and 1.9 %, respectively. The Cv value of all index was less than 3 %, and there were a few HKT800 carbon fibers belong to the cashew type. Furthermore, the surface activity of 6 K carbon fibers was higher than that of the 12 K carbon fibers after the same surface treatment. It was found that the sizing agent existed on the surface of HKT800 carbon fiber was epoxy resin.

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37

Kimura, Minoru, Hiromi Uchimura, Keiichi Satoh, and Atsushi Sawatari. "Load-Elongation Behavior of Fiber-Oriented Manila Hemp Sheets." Sen'i Gakkaishi 55, no. 3 (1999): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.3_127.

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38

Rao, Karumanchi S., Jong Sik Kim, and Yoon Soo Kim. "Early changes in the radial walls of storied fusiform cambial cells during fiber differentiation." IAWA Journal 32, no. 3 (2011): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000061.

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There is little information about the ultrastructural changes taking place in the radial walls of fusiform cambial cells during differentiation into xylem derivatives. The present study reports the early events occurring in the radial walls of fusiform cambial cells (FCCs) during fiber elongation in Holoptelea integrifolia, a deciduous tropical tree with storied cambium. Serial tangential sections of active cambial zone cells demonstrate the initiation of intrusive cell wall elongation from gabled ends of FCCs during fiber development. The elongation at the tip is followed by the axial extension of the entire cell. It was evident from ultrastructural observations made on the tangential sections that the thick beaded pattern on FCC radial walls disappear following cell elongation. PATAg staining, specific for wall polysaccharides showed that, initially, the beaded structures undergo wall loosening following hydrolysis of pectic polysaccharides in the middle lamella. Then the loosened primary walls come together with the axial extension of cells. Thus the beaded nature disappears in the differentiating cambial cells. This study highlights the cell wall changes associated with the differentiation of FCCs into fibers.

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39

Hefzy, M. S., and E. S. Grood. "Sensitivity of Insertion Locations on Length Patterns of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Fibers." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 108, no. 1 (February 1, 1986): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3138583.

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A technique is demonstrated, employing an instrumented spatial linkage, for the determination of the length patterns of discrete fiber bundles within a ligament under controlled loading conditions. The instrumented spatial linkage was used to measure the three-dimensional joint motion. The linkage was also used as a three-dimensional coordinate digitizer to determine the spatial location of bony landmarks and the ligament’s insertion areas. The length of pseudo fiber bundles was determined as the straight line distance between bone attachments. A comparison is presented, showing good agreement, between elongation patterns obtained from this method and those measured using an instrumented fine wire cable fiber. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of tibial and femoral attachment location on the length pattern of fiber bundles of the anterior cruciate ligament. It was found that the relationship between fiber elongation and knee flexion depended strongly on the fibers femoral attachment location but not on its tibial attachment location.

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40

Lin, Jia Horng, Jia Hsun Li, Jing Chzi Hsieh, Wen Hao Hsing, and Ching Wen Lou. "Physical Properties of Geotextiles Reinforced by Recycled Kevlar Selvages." Applied Mechanics and Materials 749 (April 2015): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.749.295.

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Kevlar fiber are artifical fibers that have been globally commonly used due to their attributes of a high modulus, a low elongation, an impact resistance, a chemical resistance, and thermostability. Therefore, this study proposes nonwoven geotextiles by corporating with recycled Kevlar unidirectoinal selvage with a low production cost, crimped polyester (PET) fibers, and low-melting-point PET (LPET) fibers. The content of LPET fiber is specified as 20 wt%, while the content of Kevlar fiber varies as 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt%. The optimal tear strength of 195 N occurs with a content of Kevlar fiber being 20 wt%.

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41

Sun, Yu Chai, and Zhong Cheng. "Property Analysis of Stainless Steel Fiber (Yarn) and its Effect on Knitting Process." Advanced Materials Research 1053 (October 2014): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1053.93.

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In this paper the frictional and tensile properties of stainless-steel fiber, cotton fiber, polyester fiber and rayon fiber, as well as the tensile and surface hairy properties of stainless-steel yarn, cotton yarn and wool yarn were tested and compared. Experimental results shown that the stainless-steel fiber has greater density, friction coefficient and tensile breakage strength but smaller breaking elongation. On the basis of summarizing the differences between stainless-steel fiber (yarn) and conventional textile fibers (yarns), difficulties occurred during knitting process were analyzed and the corresponding solutions were proposed.

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42

Carson, Ian G., and Monnet Centre. "A Comparison of Needlepunch Nonwoven Fabrics Made from Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) and Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Staple Fibers." International Nonwovens Journal os-11, no. 3 (September 2002): 1558925002OS—01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925002os-01100307.

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Following the recent commercial availability of this polymer, needlepunch nonwovens have been prepared from staple fiber made from poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) and an analogous conventional polyester. After carding and cross-lapping, the web was consolidated to about 90 g/m2 by several passes through a 1 metre wide pilot machine. The webs were characterised for fiber structure, stiffness, strength and recovery from both compression and extension, the latter after both a single and multiple elongations. The PTT fabrics are softer than those from PET as shown in e.g. drape and flexural rigidity, and show similar or higher tensile strengths. The fabrics are difficult to distinguish in either compressive or tensile recovery tests, perhaps because elongation causes unravelling of the entanglements, rather than being dependant on the elasticity of the fibers.

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43

Das, Himadri, Pallav Saikia, and Dipul Kalita. "Physico-Mechanical Properties of Banana Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite as an Alternative Building Material." Key Engineering Materials 650 (July 2015): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.650.131.

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Utilization of natural fiber as reinforcing material is the latest trend in polymer science to produce higher strength with lower weight composite materials having wide range of applications. As a natural fiber, banana fiber is getting importance in recent years in the reinforcement arena of polymer composite. Two species of banana vizMusa sapientumandMusa paradisicaavailable in North East India were selected considering their higher fiber yield and adequate strength properties of the fibers. The chemical compositions, spectroscopic and thermal properties of these fibers were studied in order to study their suitability for commercial exploration. Low density polyethylene (LDPE)-banana fiber reinforced composites were prepared using hydraulic hot press. Physico-mechanical properties (e.g. tensile strength, flexural strength, elongation at break, Young's modulus) of the prepared composites were determined. The tensile strengths and flexural strengths of the composites increased while using LDPE 10 to 30 % of the fiber and then started to decrease gradually. Young moduli of the composites increased with the increase of fiber mass. Water absorption also increased accordingly with the increase of the fiber weight. The elongation at break decreased with increasing fiber quantity. The mechanical strength properties of chemically treated banana fiber-LDPE composites were slightly higher than the mechanically extracted fiber-LDPE composites. Structural analyses of the treated fibers were carried out by FTIR and XRD. These studied revealed due to the removal of noncellulosic constituents such as hemicelluloses and lignin the crystalline properties of the fibers were increased. All the properties of composite like tensile strength, flexural strength, water absorption capacity etc. plays a significant role in these polymer composite materials. Hence it can be concluded that banana fiber can be used as reinforced agent successfully in the composite industry as a sustainable building material.

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Santhanam, V., M. Chandrasekaran, N. Venkateshwaran, and A. Elayaperumal. "Mode I Fracture Toughness of Banana Fiber and Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 1320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.1320.

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Although fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) have until now been largely applied to various fields of engineering, these materials have also been used in many technical applications, especially where high strength and stiffness are required, but with low component weight. Among various natural fibers, banana fiber is of particular interest in that its composites have high tensile strength, high tensile modulus, and low elongation at break beside its low cost and eases of availability. In this study, banana fiber and glass fiber reinforced polyester Resin composites were prepared using hand lay up technique . Experiments are conducted to compare and to find the effect of fiber volume fraction on mode I fracture toughness of both composites.

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45

Sun, Yu Chai, Zhong Hao Cheng, and Yan Mei Zhang. "Analysis on Tensile Properties of Stainless-Steel Fiber and Yarn Quality." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.176.

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Stainless steel fiber is a new sort of soft industrial material developed in the past decades. The pure stainless fiber has a number of outstanding properties and is getting wider range of application in textiles which are used as industrial textiles. The tensile properties between stainless steel fiber and traditional textile fibers are quiet different. The property differences between stainless fiber and common textile fiber made the textile processing of stainless fiber difficult. Based on the testing of breaking force, breaking strength and breaking elongation rate, this paper analyzed the tensile characteristic of stainless fiber and discussed its effect on yarn quality.

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46

Wang, Hua, Hafeezullah Memon, Elwathig A. M. Hassan, Md Sohag Miah, and Md Arshad Ali. "Effect of Jute Fiber Modification on Mechanical Properties of Jute Fiber Composite." Materials 12, no. 8 (April 15, 2019): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12081226.

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Recently, the demand for reinforced plastics from natural, sustainable, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly fibers has been rising worldwide. However, the main shortcoming of natural fibers reinforced plastics is the poor compatibility between reinforcing fibers and the matrix. Hence, it is necessary to form a strong attachment of the fibers to the matrix to obtain the optimum performance. In this work, chemical treatments (acid pretreatment, alkali pretreatment, and scouring) were employed on jute fibers to modify them. The mechanical properties, surface morphology, and Fourier transform infrared spectra of treated and untreated jute fibers were analyzed to understand the influence of chemical modifications on the fiber. Then, jute fiber/epoxy composites with a unidirectional jute fiber organization were prepared. Basic properties of the composites such as the void fraction, tensile strength, initial modulus, and elongation at break were studied. The better interfacial adhesion of treated fibers was shown by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fractured coupons. Hence, the chemical treatment of jute fiber has a significant impact on the formation of voids in the composites as well as the mechanical properties of jute fiber composites.

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47

Ma, Yan Long, Jing Xin Zhu, Hui Li Shao, and Xue Chao Hu. "Methanol Induced Changes in Structure and Properties of Dry Spinning Fibers of Regenerated Silk Fibroin." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 908–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.908.

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The as-spun fibers, which be produced by dry spinning technique, were treated with methanol solution. The results showed that the morphology, structure and mechanical properties of the as-spun fibers had changed. Before methanol treatment,the as-spun fiber had a smooth surface, after methanol treatment, the fiber exhibited rough surface and banded features along the fiber axis. The structure of the as-spun fibers changed from random-coil or silk I conformation to silk II conformation and the breaking intensity of the as-spun fibers were improved after methanol treatment. Compared with degummed silk fibers, the fibers treated with methanol had higher module, but the breaking elongation was lower, the fibers were still brittle.

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48

Lehmann, Benjamin, Sathis Kumar Selvarayan, Ravand Ghomeshi, and Götz T. Gresser. "Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite – Toughness and Structural Integrity Enhancement by Integrating Surface Modified Steel Fibers." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.425.

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Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) was integrated with steel fibers in order to improve the toughness and to enhance the structural integrity during crash. An epoxy system with internal mold release was chosen as the matrix system. The surface modification of steel fibers was done by sandblasting and twisting in order to improve the fiber-matrix adhesion through mechanical interlocking mechanism. The pull-out test of surface modified steel fiber doubled the adhesive strength. The steel fiber integration increased the maximum bending stress of the composites up to 20% whereas the elongation at break reduced to 2.3%. The energy dissipation factor of the steel fiber integrated CFRPs was also reduced compared to CFRPs without steel fiber. An increase in fracture toughness was observed for the CFRPs with steel fibers that amounts to 17 J.

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Wang, Wei Ming, Bo Yu, and Yun Feng. "Effect of Thermal Finishing on the Mechanical Properties of Hollow Polyester Fiber." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.889.

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The effect of thermal setting parameters namely tensile stress, temperature and time on the breaking strength and breaking elongation of hollow polyester (PET) fiber (PorelTM fiber) were investigated, and their synergistic effect was studied via orthogonal experiment. The results show that protection of fiber wall is an important task during thermal finishing process of hollow fiber. There are direct relationships between micro-molecular structure and mechanical properties. Orthogonal experiment analysis shows that the most significant effect factor for breaking strength and breaking elongation are temperature and tensile stress, respectively. The suggested thermal finishing conditions for PorelTM fiber are summarized as following: elongation (viz. tensile stress) 4%, temperature 165°C, and time 60s.

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50

Galati, Domenico F., Stephanie Bonney, Zev Kronenberg, Christina Clarissa, Mark Yandell, Nels C. Elde, Maria Jerka-Dziadosz, Thomas H. Giddings, Joseph Frankel, and Chad G. Pearson. "DisAp-dependent striated fiber elongation is required to organize ciliary arrays." Journal of Cell Biology 207, no. 6 (December 22, 2014): 705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201409123.

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Abstract:

Cilia-organizing basal bodies (BBs) are microtubule scaffolds that are visibly asymmetrical because they have attached auxiliary structures, such as striated fibers. In multiciliated cells, BB orientation aligns to ensure coherent ciliary beating, but the mechanisms that maintain BB orientation are unclear. For the first time in Tetrahymena thermophila, we use comparative whole-genome sequencing to identify the mutation in the BB disorientation mutant disA-1. disA-1 abolishes the localization of the novel protein DisAp to T. thermophila striated fibers (kinetodesmal fibers; KFs), which is consistent with DisAp’s similarity to the striated fiber protein SF-assemblin. We demonstrate that DisAp is required for KFs to elongate and to resist BB disorientation in response to ciliary forces. Newly formed BBs move along KFs as they approach their cortical attachment sites. However, because they contain short KFs that are rotated, BBs in disA-1 cells display aberrant spacing and disorientation. Therefore, DisAp is a novel KF component that is essential for force-dependent KF elongation and BB orientation in multiciliary arrays.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fiber elongation'

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