Dissertations / Theses: 'Fiber growth of goats'

1

Villar, David. "Hormonal regulation of the fibre growth and moult cycle in cashmere goats." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU106170.

Full text

Abstract:

The role of selected hormones in the control of hair follicle activity, fibre growth and moult in cashmere goats was investigated by manipulation of prolactin (PRL), thyroid hormones, and growth hormone (GH) individually or in combination. In experiment 1, the effect of different doses of the anti-thyroid drug "propylthiouracil" (PTU), on thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) profiles and deiodinase enzyme activities in liver, kidney and skin tissues was determined. Types II and III deiodinase enzymes were found to be present in goat skin but not type I. It was concluded that the supply of T3 within the skin was partly independent of circulating hormone profiles. In experiment 2, goats were treated with PTU, triiodothyronine (T3) and bromocriptine (Br) to decrease T3 availability to tissues and circulating PRL concentrations, respectively. Treatment with Br delayed the spring rise in plasma PRL concentrations (P=0.06) and primary (P<0.05) hair follicle activity, and delayed moult onset (P<0.01). PTU treatment did not significantly affect hair follicle activity but generally delayed the time of moult onset (P<0.05). The effects of the treatments were not additive, indicating that the actions of the two hormones were not independent. The effects of PTU and Br treatments were not exerted through changes in IGF-I binding activity in the skin, but binding was greater (P<0.01) in April than November. In experiment 3, treatment with bovine somatotropin (bST), T4 or metoclopramide to increase circulating concentrations of GH, T4 or PRL, failed to prolong the period of anagen in hair follicles, but bST increased fibre growth rate (P<0.05) and this was associated with higher circulating IGF-I concentrations. It is concluded that manipulation of the cycle of the cashmere-producing hair follicle is unlikely to be achieved through manipulation of circulating hormone concentrations alone and that much regulation of hair follicle activity occurs within the skin itself, possibly through changes in enzymes that control the supply of T3 to the follicles, in hormone receptor activity, and in the rate of synthesis of IGF-I and other growth factors within the skin.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Barber, Sarah Ann. "Growth, carcass composition and meat quality of Angora goats reared for fibre production." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2704.

Full text

Abstract:

The effects of age and plane of nutrition on the body and carcass composition and mohair fibre yield and quality of British Angora wether goats slaughtered at six, 12, 18 and 24 months of age were investigated. Carcass yield, composition and conformation improved with increasing age and plane of nutrition. Greasy fleece weight also increased with increasing age and plane of nutrition but fibre quality declined since the increase in mass was achieved by means of increased fibre diameter with no effect of age or plane of nutrition on the fibre elongation rate. There was a constant relationship between the increase in fibre diameter with age and fleece mass which was not affected by plane of nutrition. Similarly there was no significant effect of plane of nutrition on the relationships between fibre diameter and the weight of various body and carcass components. A strong relationship between fibre diameter and the weight of fat in the body or carcass suggested that the increase in fibre diameter with age of the goat was influenced by cumulative feed intake rather than by fat-free body size. The allometric growth patterns of the body and carcass of the Angora goat conformed with the patterns established for other domestic species, with early maturity of the external offal and vital organs, later maturity of the carcass and body fat, and a centripetal pattern of development. There was no effect of plane of nutrition on the allometric growth patterns of the fat-free body or carcass, but decreasing the plane of nutrition resulted in a uniform retardation of all body parts and carcass tissues and a significant effect on the relative growth rate of body and carcass fat. Regression equations were formulated to predict the half carcass composition of Angora wether goats using sample joint dissection data. The most accurate predictions were achieved with data from the leg and the best end of neck combined in multiple regression equations. A second experiment to investigate the effects of long term undernutrition followed by realimentation on the growth rate and composition of empty body weight gain revealed no evidence of compensatory liveweight gain in the Angora goat.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Sumarmono, Juni. "Growth and carcass composition of male goats /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18005.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Castillo, Vargas Julián Andrés. "Macromineral requirements for maintenance and growth of Saanen goats /." Jaboticabal, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150887.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina de Almeida Teixeira
Coorientador: Amélia Katiane de Almeida
Banca: Nilza Kazue Sakomura
Banca: José Gilson Louzada Regadas Filho
Banca: Carla Joice Härter
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sex on the net macromineral requirements for maintenance and growth of Saanen goats from 5 to 45 kg body weight (BW). For this purpose, three dataset were used: the first dataset was assembled to evaluate the effect of sex on the net requirements for maintenance of Ca (NCam), P (NPm), Mg (NMgm), and K (NKm), estimated using the comparative slaughter technique (CST). This dataset was composed by 154 individual records (53 castrated males, 46 females, and 55 intact males) from three comparative slaughter studies. The second dataset, was constructed to evaluate the effect of sex on NCam, NMgm, and NKm, estimated using the minimum endogenous losses method (MEL). This dataset was assembled with 155 individual records (67 castrated males, 40 females, and 48 intact males) from four feeding trials. The third dataset was constructed to evaluate the effect of sex on the net requirements for growth of Ca (NCag), P (NPg), Mg (NMgg), Na (NNag), and K (NKg) considering or not the degree of maturity of the goat on the estimations. This dataset comprised by 209 individual records (69 castrated males, 69 females, and 71 intact males) from six comparative slaughter studies. Mineral requirements for maintenance using CST were calculated from the intercept of the linear regression between mineral retention and the mineral intake. Using the MEL, mineral requirements for maintenance were calculated from the intercept of a linear regression ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do sexo nas exigências liquidas de macrominerais para mantença e crescimento para caprinos Saanen de 5 a 45 kg de peso corporal (PC). Para esse fim, foram utilizados três bancos de dados: o primeiro banco de dados foi construído para avaliar o efeito do sexo sobre as exigências líquidas de Ca (NCam), P (NPm), Mg (NMgm) e K (Nkm) para mantença estimadas pelo método do abate comparativo (CST). O banco de dados foi composto por 154 observações individuais (53 machos castrados, 46 fêmeas e 55 machos inteiros) provenientes de três estudos de abate comparativo. O segundo banco de dados, foi construído para avaliar o efeito do sexo sobre as NCam, NMgm e NKm no corpo de caprinos Saanen, estimadas pelo método das perdas endógenas mínimas (MEL). Este banco de dados foi composto por 155 observações individuais (67 machos castrados, 40 fêmeas e 48 machos inteiros) provenientes de quatro ensaios de alimentação. O terceiro banco de dados foi construído para avaliar o efeito do sexo sobre as exigências líquidas de Ca (NCag), P (NPg), Mg (NMgg), Na (NNag) e K (NKg) para crescimento, considerando e não considerando o grau de maturidade do caprino, na estimativa destas. Este banco de dados foi composto por 209 observações individuais (69 machos castrados, 69 fêmeas e 71 machos inteiros) provenientes de seis estudos de abate comparativo. As exigências de minerais para mantença, obtidas pelo CST foram calculadas como o intercepto da regressão linear e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Andrade, Marina Elizabeth Barbosa. "Growth curves of the visceral organs of Saanen goats /." Jaboticabal, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151571.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina de Almeida Teixeira
Coorientador: Carla Joice Härter
Banca: Rafael Fernandes Leite
Banca: Kleber Tomas de Resende
Resumo: Este trabalho foi realizado utilizando informações de 7 estudos, em que foram ajustadas curvas de crescimento ao desenvolvimento dos órgãos do sistema visceral de fêmeas, machos castrados e machos inteiros da raça Saanen de 0,5 a 19,5 meses de idade. Inicialmente, foram avaliados oito modelos: Regressão linear simples; Quadrático; Monomolecular; Brody; Von Bertalanffy; Logística; Gompertz; e Richards. Os dados dos órgãos viscerais (fígado, pâncreas, baço, rúmen-retículo, omaso, abomaso, intestino delgado e intestino grosso) e tecido adiposo mesentérico (TAM), foram ajustados nos modelos usando o procedimento NLMIXED do SAS. O melhor modelo ajustado foi escolhido com base no Critério de Informações Akaike corrigido para pequenas amostras (AICc) e nos coeficientes de correlação de concordância (CCC). Após a escolha do modelo que melhor ajustou a curva de crescimento dos órgãos viscerais avaliados, modelamos a variância buscando um melhor ajuste. Os parâmetros dos modelos para cada sexo foram comparados utilizando o comando CONTRAST (p < 0,10). Em geral, o modelo que melhor descreveu o crescimento de órgãos do sistema visceral foi o logístico (menor AICc e maior CCC). Quando os órgãos foram expressos em gramas, o sexo não influenciou os parâmetros das equações para predição do crescimento dos órgãos avaliados (p > 0,10), exceto o MAT (p < 0,02); em que as fêmeas apresentaram menor taxa de deposição comparada aos machos inteiros e castrados (0,318 ± 0,034 vs 0,659 ± 0,062), e um ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work was performed gathering information of 7 studies, in which growth curves were fitted to the visceral organs of female, intact male, and castrated male Saanen goats from 0.5 to 19.5 months old. Initially, eight models were assessed: Monomolecular; Simple linear regression; Quadratic; Monomolecular; Brody; Von Bertalanffy; Logistics; Gompertz; and Richards. Data of the visceral organs (liver, pancreas, spleen, rumen-reticulum, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, and large intestine) and mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) were fitted in the models using NLMIXED procedure of SAS. The best fitted model was choosing based on the Akaike Corrected Information Criterion for small samples (AICc) and values and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). After choosing the model that best fitted the growth curve of the evaluated visceral organs, we modelled the variance seeking a better fit. Parameters of the models for each sex were compared using the CONTRAST statement (p < 0.10). Overall, the model that best described visceral organ growth was the logistic (i.e., lower AICc and higher CCC). When organs were expressed in grams, the sex did not influence the parameters of equations to predict the growth of the evaluated organs (p > 0.10), except for TAM (p < 0.02); females presented a lower deposition rate compared to intact males and castrated males (0.318 ± 0.034 vs 0.659 ± 0.062), and a inflection point higher than intact males and castrated males (7.65 vs 3.69 months). However, this difference between the sexes is not found when TAM is expressed in % to empty body weight (EBW). Irrespective of sex, at the beginning of growth, liver stood for 2.75 ± 0.113 % of EBW, grew (g) at a maximum rate of 0.531 ± 0.062, and its inflection point of the curve occurred at 1.7 months. The gastrointestinal t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Andrade, Marina Elizabeth Barbosa [UNESP]. "Growth curves of the visceral organs of Saanen goats." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151571.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by MARINA ELIZABETH BARBOSA ANDRADE null (marina.elizabeth.15@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-05T20:54:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Marina_Elizabeth_Barbosa_Andrade.pdf: 1779690 bytes, checksum: 51b157ca3cbbdb6dc57ecd5a6207a396 (MD5)
Rejected by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo a orientação abaixo: A folha de aprovação deve ser inserida na página subsequente à ficha catalográfica. Corrija esta informação e realize uma nova submissão contendo o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2017-09-06T16:31:12Z (GMT)
Submitted by MARINA ELIZABETH BARBOSA ANDRADE null (marina.elizabeth.15@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-06T19:11:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Marina_Elizabeth_Barbosa_Andrade.pdf: 1979789 bytes, checksum: e5046942b9fb3e5014e6fa1eadfcd9db (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-11T19:35:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_meb_me_jabo.pdf: 1979789 bytes, checksum: e5046942b9fb3e5014e6fa1eadfcd9db (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-11T19:35:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_meb_me_jabo.pdf: 1979789 bytes, checksum: e5046942b9fb3e5014e6fa1eadfcd9db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-10
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este trabalho foi realizado utilizando informações de 7 estudos, em que foram ajustadas curvas de crescimento ao desenvolvimento dos órgãos do sistema visceral de fêmeas, machos castrados e machos inteiros da raça Saanen de 0,5 a 19,5 meses de idade. Inicialmente, foram avaliados oito modelos: Regressão linear simples; Quadrático; Monomolecular; Brody; Von Bertalanffy; Logística; Gompertz; e Richards. Os dados dos órgãos viscerais (fígado, pâncreas, baço, rúmen-retículo, omaso, abomaso, intestino delgado e intestino grosso) e tecido adiposo mesentérico (TAM), foram ajustados nos modelos usando o procedimento NLMIXED do SAS. O melhor modelo ajustado foi escolhido com base no Critério de Informações Akaike corrigido para pequenas amostras (AICc) e nos coeficientes de correlação de concordância (CCC). Após a escolha do modelo que melhor ajustou a curva de crescimento dos órgãos viscerais avaliados, modelamos a variância buscando um melhor ajuste. Os parâmetros dos modelos para cada sexo foram comparados utilizando o comando CONTRAST (p < 0,10). Em geral, o modelo que melhor descreveu o crescimento de órgãos do sistema visceral foi o logístico (menor AICc e maior CCC). Quando os órgãos foram expressos em gramas, o sexo não influenciou os parâmetros das equações para predição do crescimento dos órgãos avaliados (p > 0,10), exceto o MAT (p < 0,02); em que as fêmeas apresentaram menor taxa de deposição comparada aos machos inteiros e castrados (0,318 ± 0,034 vs 0,659 ± 0,062), e um ponto de inflexão superior ao dos machos inteiros e castrados (7,7 vs 3,7 meses). No entanto, essa diferença entre os sexos não é encontrada quando o MAT é expresso em % ao peso do corpo vazio (PCV). Independentemente do sexo, no início do crescimento, o fígado representou 2,75 ± 0,113 % do PCV, cresceu (g) a uma taxa máxima de 0,531 ± 0,062, e o ponto de inflexão de sua curva ocorreu em 1,7 meses. O trato gastrointestinal (TGI) representou 9,14 ± 0,493 % PCV, e à medida que os animais cresceram o TGI diminuiu sua porcentagem em relação ao PCV a uma taxa constante de 0,135 ± 0,046 %. Considerando o período avaliado, em geral, o rúmen-retículo e o intestino grosso aumentaram sua porcentagem em relação ao PCV e TGI, enquanto o abomaso e o intestino delgado diminuíram sua porcentagem em relação ao PCV e TGI, à medida que o animal crescia. O rúmen-retículo e o intestino grosso, que estão diretamente relacionados à digestão de alimentos sólidos, apresentaram maiores taxas de crescimento nos dois primeiros meses de vida. Os resultados evidenciaram que o sexo não afeta o crescimento de órgãos do sistema visceral (g), exceto para MAT, porém, quando olhamos em % PCV alguns órgãos mostram diferenças entre os sexos, como o fígado, abomaso, intestino delgado, intestino grosso e intestinos. O conhecimento da curva de crescimento dos órgãos viscerais pode ser muito útil para melhorar a compreensão de seu impacto sobre as exigências nutricionais desses animais, e ser utilizado para otimizar ou desenvolver um plano nutricional adequado para cada fase de crescimento, como também auxiliar os produtores a desenvolver planos estratégicos em um rebanho de caprinos, como a melhor idade para desmame e abate desses animais.
This work was performed gathering information of 7 studies, in which growth curves were fitted to the visceral organs of female, intact male, and castrated male Saanen goats from 0.5 to 19.5 months old. Initially, eight models were assessed: Monomolecular; Simple linear regression; Quadratic; Monomolecular; Brody; Von Bertalanffy; Logistics; Gompertz; and Richards. Data of the visceral organs (liver, pancreas, spleen, rumen-reticulum, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, and large intestine) and mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) were fitted in the models using NLMIXED procedure of SAS. The best fitted model was choosing based on the Akaike Corrected Information Criterion for small samples (AICc) and values and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). After choosing the model that best fitted the growth curve of the evaluated visceral organs, we modelled the variance seeking a better fit. Parameters of the models for each sex were compared using the CONTRAST statement (p < 0.10). Overall, the model that best described visceral organ growth was the logistic (i.e., lower AICc and higher CCC). When organs were expressed in grams, the sex did not influence the parameters of equations to predict the growth of the evaluated organs (p > 0.10), except for TAM (p < 0.02); females presented a lower deposition rate compared to intact males and castrated males (0.318 ± 0.034 vs 0.659 ± 0.062), and a inflection point higher than intact males and castrated males (7.65 vs 3.69 months). However, this difference between the sexes is not found when TAM is expressed in % to empty body weight (EBW). Irrespective of sex, at the beginning of growth, liver stood for 2.75 ± 0.113 % of EBW, grew (g) at a maximum rate of 0.531 ± 0.062, and its inflection point of the curve occurred at 1.7 months. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) stood for 9.14 ± 0.493 % EBW, and as the goats grew the GIT decreased its percentage in relation to the EBW at a constant rate of 0.135 ± 0.046 %. Considering the evaluated period, in general rumen-reticulum and large intestine increased their percentage in relation to EBW and GIT, whereas abomasum and small intestine decreased their percentage in relation to EBW and GIT, as animal grew. The rumen-reticulum and large intestine, which are directly related to the digestion of solid foods, presented higher growth rates in the first two months of life. The results highlighted that sex does not affect the growth of visceral organs (g), except for TAM. However, when we look at % EBW, some organs show differences between the sexes, such as the liver, abomasum, small intestine, large intestine and Intestines. Knowledge of the growth curve of the visceral organs can be very useful in improving the understanding of their impact on the nutritional requirements of these animals and can be used to optimize or develop a nutritional plan suitable for each growth phase, but also to help producers develop strategic plans for a herd of goats, such as the best age for weaning and slaughtering these animals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Husain, Muhammad Hamsun. "Evaluation of growth, body composition and meat quality of various goat genotypes born in differenct months /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16413.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Figueiredo, Fernanda Oliveira de Miranda [UNESP]. "Energy and protein requirements of male and female saanen goats." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/121924.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-12-04Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:48:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000816912.pdf: 521546 bytes, checksum: 71f6297c822508e2d01cde6213609047 (MD5)
Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar, utilizando a técnica do abate comparativo, as exigências de energia e proteína para mantença e crescimento de caprinos Saanen, machos inteiros, machos castrados e fêmeas com peso corporal variando de 15 a 30 kg e, avaliar os modelos do AFRC (1998) e NRC (2007) para predizer o consumo de matéria seca (CMS) e ganho de peso (GP) de caprinos Saanen em crescimento. Para determinar as exigências líquidas de energia e proteína para mantença foram utilizados 25 machos castrados, 26 machos inteiros e 24 fêmeas. Destes, sete machos castrados, oito machos inteiros e seis fêmeas foram selecionados aleatoriamente e abatidos com 15 kg de peso corporal para a estimativa da composição corporal inicial. Os animais restantes, 18 machos castrados, 18 machos inteiros e 18 fêmeas foram distribuídos nos tratamentos, que consistiram de três níveis de ingestão: ad libitum, 75% e 50% do consumo ad libitum. Dentro de cada sexo, foram formados seis blocos de três animais e dentro de cada bloco, os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em cada nível de ingestão. Assim, a alimentação foi estabelecida dentro de cada bloco com base no consumo dos animais alimentados ad libitum. Todos os animais dentro de um bloco foram abatidos quando o animal alimentado ad libitum atingiu 30 kg de peso corporal. A quantidade a ser fornecida aos animais submetidos aos tratamentos 75 e 50% do ad libitum foi determinada diariamente com base no CMS do animal alimentado ad libitum no dia anterior. As exigências de energia e proteína para crescimento foram obtidas usando 20 machos castrados, 20 machos inteiros e 18 fêmeas. Os animais foram alimentados ad libitum e abatidos aos 15, 23 e 30 kg de peso corporal. O sexo não afetou as necessidades de energia e proteína para mantença, bem como as exigências de proteína para o crescimento. No entanto, afetou as necessidades energéticas para o crescimento no qual ...
The objective of this research was to estimate, using the comparative slaughter technique, energy and protein requirements for maintenance and growth of castrated males, intact males and females Saanen goat kids between 15 and 30 kg of body weight and to evaluate the models from AFRC (1998) and NRC (2007) for predicting dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) of growing goats. To determine net energy and net protein requirements for maintenance 25 castrate males, 26 intact males and 24 females were used, where 7 castrated males, 8 intact males and 6 females were randomly selected to estimate the initial empty body composition. The remaining animals, 18 castrate males, 18 intact males, and 18 females were used with dietary treatments that consisted of 3 levels of intake: ad libitum, 75% and 50% of ad libitum intake. Within each sex, six blocks of 3 animals each were formed. Within each block, one animal was randomly assigned to each level of intake. Thus, pair feeding was established within each block based on the intake of the animal fed ad libitum. All animals within a block were slaughtered when the animal fed ad libitum reached 30 kg of BW. The 75 and 50% of ad libitum rationing were determined daily based on the DMI of the animal fed ad libitum on the previous day. The net energy and net protein requirements for gain (NEg and NPg, respectively) were obtained using 20 castrated males, 20 intact males and 18 females. The animals were fed ad libitum and slaughtered at targeted BW of 15, 23, and 30 kg. We found that sex did not affect energy and protein requirements for maintenance as well as protein requirements for growth. However it affected energy requirements for growth where castrated males and females had the same NEg comparing with intact males. To evaluate the models from AFRC (1998) and NRC (2007) for predicting DMI and ADG of growing goats, individual data of 37 Saanen goat kids (12 intact males, 13 castrated ...

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Figueiredo, Fernanda Oliveira de Miranda. "Energy and protein requirements of male and female saanen goats /." Jaboticabal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/121924.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina Almeida Teixeira
Banca: Iran Borges
Banca: Gilberto de Lima Macedo Junior
Banca: Gilberto de Lima Macedo Junior
Banca: Nilva Kazue Sakomura
Resumo: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar, utilizando a técnica do abate comparativo, as exigências de energia e proteína para mantença e crescimento de caprinos Saanen, machos inteiros, machos castrados e fêmeas com peso corporal variando de 15 a 30 kg e, avaliar os modelos do AFRC (1998) e NRC (2007) para predizer o consumo de matéria seca (CMS) e ganho de peso (GP) de caprinos Saanen em crescimento. Para determinar as exigências líquidas de energia e proteína para mantença foram utilizados 25 machos castrados, 26 machos inteiros e 24 fêmeas. Destes, sete machos castrados, oito machos inteiros e seis fêmeas foram selecionados aleatoriamente e abatidos com 15 kg de peso corporal para a estimativa da composição corporal inicial. Os animais restantes, 18 machos castrados, 18 machos inteiros e 18 fêmeas foram distribuídos nos tratamentos, que consistiram de três níveis de ingestão: ad libitum, 75% e 50% do consumo ad libitum. Dentro de cada sexo, foram formados seis blocos de três animais e dentro de cada bloco, os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em cada nível de ingestão. Assim, a alimentação foi estabelecida dentro de cada bloco com base no consumo dos animais alimentados ad libitum. Todos os animais dentro de um bloco foram abatidos quando o animal alimentado ad libitum atingiu 30 kg de peso corporal. A quantidade a ser fornecida aos animais submetidos aos tratamentos 75 e 50% do ad libitum foi determinada diariamente com base no CMS do animal alimentado ad libitum no dia anterior. As exigências de energia e proteína para crescimento foram obtidas usando 20 machos castrados, 20 machos inteiros e 18 fêmeas. Os animais foram alimentados ad libitum e abatidos aos 15, 23 e 30 kg de peso corporal. O sexo não afetou as necessidades de energia e proteína para mantença, bem como as exigências de proteína para o crescimento. No entanto, afetou as necessidades energéticas para o crescimento no qual ...
Abstract: The objective of this research was to estimate, using the comparative slaughter technique, energy and protein requirements for maintenance and growth of castrated males, intact males and females Saanen goat kids between 15 and 30 kg of body weight and to evaluate the models from AFRC (1998) and NRC (2007) for predicting dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) of growing goats. To determine net energy and net protein requirements for maintenance 25 castrate males, 26 intact males and 24 females were used, where 7 castrated males, 8 intact males and 6 females were randomly selected to estimate the initial empty body composition. The remaining animals, 18 castrate males, 18 intact males, and 18 females were used with dietary treatments that consisted of 3 levels of intake: ad libitum, 75% and 50% of ad libitum intake. Within each sex, six blocks of 3 animals each were formed. Within each block, one animal was randomly assigned to each level of intake. Thus, pair feeding was established within each block based on the intake of the animal fed ad libitum. All animals within a block were slaughtered when the animal fed ad libitum reached 30 kg of BW. The 75 and 50% of ad libitum rationing were determined daily based on the DMI of the animal fed ad libitum on the previous day. The net energy and net protein requirements for gain (NEg and NPg, respectively) were obtained using 20 castrated males, 20 intact males and 18 females. The animals were fed ad libitum and slaughtered at targeted BW of 15, 23, and 30 kg. We found that sex did not affect energy and protein requirements for maintenance as well as protein requirements for growth. However it affected energy requirements for growth where castrated males and females had the same NEg comparing with intact males. To evaluate the models from AFRC (1998) and NRC (2007) for predicting DMI and ADG of growing goats, individual data of 37 Saanen goat kids (12 intact males, 13 castrated ...
Doutor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Ribeiro, Marcela Silva [UNESP]. "Consumo e cinética ruminal da fibra oriunda da forragem para cabras em mantença." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104051.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:03:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_ms_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 580098 bytes, checksum: d9ecebb398d17d8fec03f05fbe984a43 (MD5)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência dos níveis de fibra em detergente neutro oriundo da forragem (FDNf) em dietas peletizadas, sobre o consumo e digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF); e balanço de nitrogênio. Foram utilizadas cinco cabras fistuladas no rúmen dispostas em quadrado latino 5x5, sendo os níveis de FDNf de 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35% , as variáveis independentes. Os níveis de FDNf influenciaram de maneira quadrática os consumos de MS, PB, FDN e CNF expressos em % PV ou em unidade de peso metabólico (P<0,05). O maior consumo de MS foi encontrado no nível de 25,69% de FDNf e o valor médio de consumo de MS foi de 1,3% PV, inferior ao recomendado pelo NRC (1981) (1,46% PV), no entanto as exigências nutricionais foram atendidas em todas as dietas. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da MS, PB, e FDN foram influenciados de maneira quadrática pelos níveis de FDNf nas dietas, e foram maiores nos níveis de FDNf que apresentaram menor consumo de MS enquanto que o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente dos CNF foi influenciado de maneira linear decrescente, diminuindo 0,66% para cada unidade de aumento dos níveis de FDNf nas dietas. Houve efeito quadrático dos níveis de FDNf nas dietas sobre o balanço de nitrogênio, o qual foi positivo em todos os níveis, mostrando eficiência das dietas quanto ao suprimento de proteína para os animais.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the levels of neutral detergent fiber from forage (fNDF) in pelleted diets on the intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and on non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC); and nitrogen balance. Five fistulated in the rumen goats were used, arranged in 5x5 Latin square, and the levels of fNDF 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35%, being the independent variables. Effect quadratic of the levels of fNDF on the intake of DM, CP, NDF and NFC expressed in % LW, or unit of metabolic weight (P<0,05). The higher consumption of DM was found in the level of 25.69% of fNDF and the average consumption of MS was 1.3% of LW, below that recommended by NRC (1981) (1.46% LW), however the nutritional requirements were met in all diets. The coefficients of apparent digestibility of DM, CP, and NDF were affected by the levels of fNDF of the diets in a quadratic behaviors and were higher on the levels of fNDF which had lower consumption of MS while the coefficient of digestibility of NFC has been so influenced linear decreasing, reducing 0.66% for each unit of increase in the fNDF of the diets. There was a quadratic effect of fNDF levels of the diets on the nitrogen balance, which was positive at all levels, showing efficiency of the diets on the supply of protein for the animals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Lee, Philip D. "Mammary gland growth during pregnancy in goats : the effects of hormonal manipulation and continuous milking." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258548.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Ribeiro, Marcela Silva 1972. "Consumo e cinética ruminal da fibra oriunda da forragem para cabras em mantença /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104051.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Heraldo Cesar Gonçalves
Banca: Paulo Roberto de Lima Meireles
Banca: Renata Helena Branco Arnandes
Banca: Carlos Elysio Moreira da Fonseca
Banca: Francisco de Assis Fonseca de Macedo
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência dos níveis de fibra em detergente neutro oriundo da forragem (FDNf) em dietas peletizadas, sobre o consumo e digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF); e balanço de nitrogênio. Foram utilizadas cinco cabras fistuladas no rúmen dispostas em quadrado latino 5x5, sendo os níveis de FDNf de 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35% , as variáveis independentes. Os níveis de FDNf influenciaram de maneira quadrática os consumos de MS, PB, FDN e CNF expressos em % PV ou em unidade de peso metabólico (P<0,05). O maior consumo de MS foi encontrado no nível de 25,69% de FDNf e o valor médio de consumo de MS foi de 1,3% PV, inferior ao recomendado pelo NRC (1981) (1,46% PV), no entanto as exigências nutricionais foram atendidas em todas as dietas. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da MS, PB, e FDN foram influenciados de maneira quadrática pelos níveis de FDNf nas dietas, e foram maiores nos níveis de FDNf que apresentaram menor consumo de MS enquanto que o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente dos CNF foi influenciado de maneira linear decrescente, diminuindo 0,66% para cada unidade de aumento dos níveis de FDNf nas dietas. Houve efeito quadrático dos níveis de FDNf nas dietas sobre o balanço de nitrogênio, o qual foi positivo em todos os níveis, mostrando eficiência das dietas quanto ao suprimento de proteína para os animais.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the levels of neutral detergent fiber from forage (fNDF) in pelleted diets on the intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and on non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC); and nitrogen balance. Five fistulated in the rumen goats were used, arranged in 5x5 Latin square, and the levels of fNDF 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35%, being the independent variables. Effect quadratic of the levels of fNDF on the intake of DM, CP, NDF and NFC expressed in % LW, or unit of metabolic weight (P<0,05). The higher consumption of DM was found in the level of 25.69% of fNDF and the average consumption of MS was 1.3% of LW, below that recommended by NRC (1981) (1.46% LW), however the nutritional requirements were met in all diets. The coefficients of apparent digestibility of DM, CP, and NDF were affected by the levels of fNDF of the diets in a quadratic behaviors and were higher on the levels of fNDF which had lower consumption of MS while the coefficient of digestibility of NFC has been so influenced linear decreasing, reducing 0.66% for each unit of increase in the fNDF of the diets. There was a quadratic effect of fNDF levels of the diets on the nitrogen balance, which was positive at all levels, showing efficiency of the diets on the supply of protein for the animals.
Doutor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Sanon, Hadja Oumou. "The importance of some Sahelian browse species as feed for goats /." Uppsala : Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200784.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Desjarlais, Justin J. "An Examination of Crack Growth in Wood-FRP Bonds." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/DesjarlaisJJ2007.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Hoque, A. K. M. Azizul. "Synthesis of catalyst particles for carbon fiber growth in a Vapor Grown Carbon Fiber reactor." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1174617623.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Borg, Rikard. "Simulation of delamination initiation and growth in fiber composite laminates /." Linköping : Division of Solid Mechanics, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering [Hållfasthetslära, Institutionen för konstruktions- och produktionsteknik], Univ, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/tek776s.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Steiner, Stephen Alan III. "Carbon nanotube growth on challenging substrates : applications for carbon-fiber composites." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71272.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, February 2012.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
"December 2011." Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 305-315).
Nanoengineered hierarchal fiber architectures are promising approaches towards improving the inter- and intralaminar mechanical properties (e.g., toughness and strength) and non-mechanical properties of advanced fiber-reinforced composites such as graphite/epoxy. One fiber architecture of particular interest is carbon fiber coated with radially-aligned arrays of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which can enable through-thickness and interply matrix reinforcement of carbon-fiber-reinforced composites while simultaneously providing additional multifunctional benefits such as electrical and thermal conductivity enhancement. Growth of CNTs on carbon fibers can be achieved by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques, however previous processes for doing so have resulted in a significant reduction in the tensile strength and stiffness of the carbon fibers. This thesis aims to develop an understanding of catalyst-substrate and CVD environment-substrate interactions relevant to maintaining fiber mechanical properties in the growth of CNTs on carbon fibers by CVD and to use this understanding to develop practical approaches for growing CNTs on carbon fibers that simultaneously preserve fiber properties. Novel oxide-based catalysts are demonstrated for the first time to be effective for both CNT growth and graphitization of amorphous carbon and are characterized using in situ metrology. These catalysts show promise for use on substrates that exhibit sensitivity to conventional metal catalysts (such as carbon fibers). New CVD processing techniques based on materials properties unique to this class of catalysts are presented and explored. Coatings for enabling growth of aligned CNTs on carbon fibers, coatings for improving adhesion of materials to carbon fibers, and coatings for facilitating low-temperature growth of CNTs on carbon fibers are developed. The mechanochemical responses of carbon fibers to high-temperature processing, exposure to CVD gases relevant for CNT growth, and in situ tensioning during CVD growth at high temperatures are investigated. Methods for growing CNTs on carbon fibers that enable aligned CNT morphologies and that preserve fiber properties are presented. A new system for optimizing CNT growth on carbon fibers with special considerations for oxide-based catalysts is described. Finally, recommendations for manufacturing hierarchal carbon fibers for composites in an industrially practical way are made.
by Stephen Alan Steiner III.
Ph.D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Patterson, Forrest T. "Theoretical analysis of small crack growth in fiber-reinforced ceramic composite materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38010.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Desh, Heather Colleen. "MASSETER MUSCLE MYOSIN 1C GENE EXPRESSION: RELATIONSHIPS TO GROWTH FACTORS AND INFLUENCE ON FIBER-TYPE AND SKELETAL GROWTH PATTERN." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/172046.

Full text

Abstract:

Oral Biology
M.S.
The presence of dentofacial deformities in humans is prevalent, with distortions in jaw growth affecting about 20% of people worldwide. Least is known about the genetic etiology of malocclusions, so it is the purpose of this study to identify genetic factors which influence jaw growth and examine how their expression correlates with vertical and sagittal malocclusions. Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative growth regulator which functions to inhibit excessive growth of muscle. Mice in which this gene was absent exhibited increased muscle mass and altered skeletal form, indicating the role of genetic control on muscle mass and skeletal phenotype. IGF-1 is an anabolic growth factor which acts in coordination with growth hormone to promote myofiber regeneration and hypertrophy. A third gene of interest, myosin 1C is a class I myosin which functions to regulate glucose uptake via facilitated glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) in insulin and contraction stimulated pathways. Given its role in muscle metabolism in addition to its association to MYO1H, a paralogous protein which has been associated with Class III malocclusions, the goal of this study was to elucidate the possible role of MYO1C in mediating the metabolic effects of growth factors on fiber size and phenotype and subsequently skeletal form. The aims of this study are as follows: quantify MYO1C expression in masseter muscle from individuals of different occlusal groups; compare MYO1C expression to myosin heavy chain gene expression and fiber percent occupancy by sagittal and vertical malocclusion classes; compare expression of MSTN and IGF-1 to MYO1C to evaluate if a correlation exists; evaluate the expression of MYO1C and MYO1H to identify differences in proportions among malocclusion types. Human masseter muscle samples were provided by oral surgeons at the University of Lille, France from subjects undergoing bilateral sagittal split osteotomy surgery for treatment of malocclusion. Muscle RNA was isolated with TRIzolTM reagent, digested with DNase I, re-isolated with RNAqueous® and quantified in 42 samples by triplicate assays of TaqMan® real time PCR using RNA-to-CTTM 1-Step reagent and an Applied Biosystems Step One Plus instrument. A 25ng amount of skeletal muscle standard was selected as a reference calibrator and relative expression quantities of MYO1C were determined by the comparative threshold cycle (CT) method. The relative quantity (RQ) of expressed RNA is calculated from the CT value. Fiber type, area and percent occupancy had been determined previously for 39 of 42 masseter muscle samples used in this study. Expression of the genes for MyHC-I/β, IIA, IIX, perinatal (neonatal) and α (atrial) in another 39 of the 42 masseter muscle samples had also been previously quantified by RT-PCR for use in correlation analyses with MYO1C expression. Based on the results collected, the final conclusions were drawn: * MYO1C expression is greater in open and normal versus deep bites and Class III versus Class II malocclusions. The highest expression is seen with Class III open bites and the lowest with Class II normal malocclusions. * Class II deep and normal bites showed high correlation between MYO1C expression and atrial and neonatal/atrial MHC gene expression, which require increased MYO1C for oxidative metabolism. They exhibited a negative correlation to type I MHC gene expression and percent occupancy, as deep bites have fewer type I fibers. * Class III open bites had high correlation between MYO1C and neonatal MHC gene expression and low correlation to type II MHC gene expression due to increased percentage of high oxidative type I fibers in open bites and diminished type II fibers. * Correlations between MYO1C and hybrid I/II fiber percent occupancy was unpredictable by occlusal group due to transitional nature of fibers. * MYO1C expression is correlated to growth factor expression in Class III but not in Class II malocclusions, indicating its potential interactive role in masseter metabolism in the Class III group. * Class I myosins are highly expressed in Class III open bites. * Class II deep bites exhibited the lowest expression of MYO1H, indicating the masseters are less regulated by class I myosins. * MYO1H is closely linked with type II MHC gene expression, while MYO1C has a close association with types I and neonatal MHC gene expression. * An association exists between class I myosins and both type I and neonatal/atrial fiber percent occupancy. * A greater sample size of approximately 102 would permit an accurate test for significant differences in future studies.
Temple University--Theses

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Schuenke, Mark D. "Effects of growth hormone (GH) disruption on muscle fiber type composition in mouse hindlimb /." View abstract, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3234227.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Souri, M. "The effect of sulphur-containing amino acids on growth performance and hair production in vivo and in vitro by Angora and Cashmere goats." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU530016.

Full text

Abstract:

Major conclusions of each experiment are as follows:- Experiment 1: • Under experimental conditions described in Chapter 3 Cashmere and Angora goats, on average, exhibited similar values for LWG. • Differences between two genotypes were noted in superior values of apparent digestibility of DM and CP although there were lower values of nitrogen retention in Cashmere than Angora goats; this result suggested that nitrogen utilisation was more efficient in the Angora goats. • In response to dietary rumen-protected methionine, nitrogen retention and LWG were improved in both genotypes. However total fibre yield and diameter were increased only in the Angora goats. Experiment 2: • The supply of rumen-protected methionine increased the total weight and protein and water concentration of carcass and non-carcass components of Angora goats. • Methionine supply had no effect on the proportion of dietary nitrogen partitioned between mohair and other body components. • Dietary methionine supplementation changed the amino acid composition of mohair (increased cyst(e)ine and reduced phenylalanine) and muscle samples (increased methionine, phenylalanine and lysine) in addition to producing increases in total weight of mohair and LWG. Experiment 3: • The presence of both methionine and cyst(e)ine was required to support maximum growth of isolated anagen mohair and cashmere secondary hair follicles in vitro. • The presence of methionine, but not cyst(e)ine when methionine was present, was essential for maintaining growth and viability of isolated hair follicles of Angora and Cashmere goats. Experiment 4: • Epidermal growth factor (EGF) at low concentration (1 μg/l) increased DNA concentration, protein deposition and elongation in anagen mohair secondary hair follicles. • At high concentration (10 μg/l) EGF produced a club-hair like structure which was associated with stimulation of cell proliferation in outer root sheath and inhibition in matrix cells. These changes resembled those occurring in anagen to catagen transition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Silvertooth, J. C. "Recent Yield and Fiber Micronaire Tendencies for Upland Cotton in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/211312.

Full text

Abstract:

Problems associated with increasing trends towards high micronaire values for Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) have been a matter of concern for the Arizona cotton industry in recent years. The discounts on fiber value associated with high micronaire has been compounded by the fact that market prices for cotton fiber has been very low in recent years and yields have been stable at best. An evaluation of recent yield and fiber quality data from a number of locations in Arizona was evaluated in relation to trends within Arizona and across the U.S. cotton belt. Results indicate similar patterns exist in terms of stable yields (yield plateau) and increasing micronaire values between Arizona and other U.S. cotton producing states. The conclusion is presented that these patterns are at least due in part to a common genetic base for varieties that grown in Arizona and beltwide. There also appears to be some distinct relationships associated with high micronaire with region and individual farm management practices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Andes, Glenda Gilmore. "The Effect of Carpet Fiber on the Growth of Dermataphagiodes farniae in a Controlled Environment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36256.

Full text

Abstract:

Mites are endemic and allergy to mite excreta and parts is one of the most common allergies. Health care practitioners have recommended the removal of carpets from homes of people with mite allergies. Little, if any, consideration is given to the fact that some persons may benefit directly from the presence of carpet in their homes. In the allergen and mite research literature, carpets are rarely described as having unique characteristics and are generally referred to as a generic entity. Carpets, however, do have unique characteristics that define their construction, appearance, wearability, and cleanability. Seventy-two pieces of commercially available, residential flooring materials were inoculated with identical numbers of mites, Dermatophagiodes farinae, and placed in the Textiles Conditioning Lab at Virginia Tech. The mites and carpet pieces were maintained in the lab, under identical, environmentally controlled conditions for 6 weeks, then the mites were extracted and counted. On the basis of the results of statistical tests run on the study data, the null hypothesis, that there is no difference between the numbers of mites grown on the different flooring conditions, was rejected. Statistically significant differences exist between the hard floor and the nylon carpet, between hard floor and olefin carpets, but no difference between hard floor and wool carpet. Nylon was the carpet fiber that was most supportive of the growth of house dust mites, olefin was the second most supportive, and wool carpet and hard floor were similar in being the least supportive.
Master of Science

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Nemechek, Jeremiah Eugene. "Effects of pelleting and dietary fat and fiber levels on pig growth and fat quality." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18389.

Full text

Abstract:

Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
Mike Tokach
In 11 experiments, 7,325 pigs were used to determine the effects of: 1) diet type and form on finishing pig growth performance and carcass fat iodine value (IV); 2) pellet quality and feeder adjustment on pig growth performance; 3) corn particle size and diet form on finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics; and 4) dietary acidification, diet complexity, and feed-grade antibiotics on nursery pig growth performance. Feeding diets with wheat middlings and dried distillers grains with solubles all the way until marketing decreased G:F and carcass yield, and worsened carcass fat IV. Withdrawing these ingredients 17 d prior to market restored carcass yield, but resulted in small improvements in IV. Pelleting diets improved growth performance; however, a novel finding is that pelleting diets fed to finishing pigs increased belly fat IV. Feeding nursery pigs from a wide feeder gap may improve ADG and ADFI, with no negative effects on G:F. For finishing pigs, reducing feeder gap reduced feed disappearance and improved G:F. In all experiments, feeding pelleted diets improved G:F, but the greatest improvements occurred when the percentage of fines was minimized. Grinding corn finer than 650 microns decreased ADFI and improved G:F for finishing pigs fed meal diets, but not for pigs fed pelleted diets. Pelleting diets improved ADG and G:F, but the greatest magnitude of G:F improvement to pellets occurred when pigs were fed diets containing the largest particle size corn. Thus, grinding corn finer than 650 microns improved feed efficiency for finishing pigs fed meal diets, but provided no additional benefit for pigs fed pelleted diets. When dietary supplementation of benzoic acid was evaluated, added benzoic acid in nursery pig diets did not influence growth performance in university conditions, whereas feeding complex diets or antimicrobials improved growth. In the commercial setting, acidifiers improved growth in one experiment but not the other. The varying response to acidifiers is likely influenced by health status, age, or starting weight of pigs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Clay, P. A., K. M. Young, and E. R. Taylor. "Effect of Heat Unit Accumulation on Cotton Defoliation, Lint Yield and Fiber Quality." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198201.

Full text

Abstract:

This study evaluated the effectiveness of defoliating at various heat unit accumulations: 630HU, 730 HU, 830 HU, 930 HU, 1030 HU, 1130 HU and 1330 HU and impact on lint yield and fiber quality. American Upland cotton variety DP 449 BR was planted on 12 April 2005 at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agriculture Center in Maricopa, Arizona. The experimental design was a split plot with four replications of each of seven defoliation timings. Final irrigation occurred on 05 August 2005. When heat unit accumulation reached 630 HU (on 20 August 2005), 730 HU (on 01 September 2005), 830 HU (on 04 September 2005), 930 HU (on 08 September 2005), 1030 HU (on 12 September 2005), 1130 HU (on 19 September 2005) and 1330 HU (on 27 September 2005) using the 86/55 F model chemical defoliants were applied. A mixture of Def (tribufos) at 24 oz/A, Dropp (thidiazuron) at 0.2 lb/A and Prep (ethephon) at 24 oz/A was applied using a high clearance research sprayer. The earliest treatments (630 and 730 HU accumulated) had significantly fewer open bolls at defoliation than those that received later treatments. At harvest, this trend disappears: the latest application (at 1330 HU) had significantly fewer open bolls than any other timing. Seven days after defoliant application (7 DAT), highest levels of defoliation were observed in the following treatments in descending order: 830 HU, 630 HU, 1130 HU, 930 HU and 730 HU followed by 1030 HU and 1330 HU. At harvest, there were no significant differences among mean defoliation percentages with the exception of the 1330 HU timing, which was significantly less defoliated than any of the other timings. Highest lint yield and gin turnout were observed in the earliest defoliation timings, lowest in the later timings. No significant differences in micronaire, length or uniformity were observed between defoliation timings. Differences did occur in fiber strength which was highest in earlier timings and lowest in the last timing, but all were above the discount level.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Pinto, João Manuel Luciano Nunes da Silveira. "Contributo para a caracterização das raças serpentinas e charnequeira." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20573.

Full text

Abstract:

Esta dissertação retoma um estudo com 49 cabras e 45 cabritos da raça Serpentina, 24 cabras e 28 cabritos da raça Charnequeira, exploradas em regime extensivo. Pretende ser um contributo para a caracterização destas raças. Com este objectivo calculou-se a fertilidade que foi de 92% nas duas raças e a prolificidade foi de 160% (62,5% partos duplos) na Serpentina e de 141% (57,1% partos duplos) na Charnequeira. A mortalidade dos cabritos, do nascimento até ao desmame, foi de 15,7%, na Serpentina e de 6,6%, na Chamequeira. Os pesos das cobrições ao parto, na Serpentina aumentaram 17% e 13,6% na Chamequeira, apresentando variações significativas na raça, mas não entre raças. Os cabritos de partos simples obtiveram maiores ganhos médios diários do nascimento ao desmame. Não houve variações significativas nos pesos entre machos e fêmeas. Analisaram-se 24 carcaças de cabritos, machos inteiros. O Rendimento Corrigido foi de 52% para as duas e a relação Músculo/Osso de 2,13 (Charnequeira) e 2,12 (Serpentina). O Índice Compacidade para a Charnequeira foi de 11,78 e 11,29 para a Serpentina, evidenciando esta melhor conformação. Definiram-se os seguintes cortes nas carcaças: I-Pá; II-Perna; III- Costela+Sela; IV-Aba; V-Pescoço. Analisou-se o músculo quanto à gordura, proteína, cálcio e fósforo. ABSTRACT: This dissertation retrieves a study involving 49 goats and 45 kids of Serpentina breed, 24 goats and 28 kids of Chamequeira breed exploited in an extensive management. It is intended as a contribution to the characterization of these breeds. To this end, various reproductive parameters were calculated. The fertility stood at 92% in both breeds and the prolificacy in the breed Serpentina was 160% (62.5% in twin births) and in the breed of Chamequeira was 141% (57.1% in twin births). We noted a mortality rate in kids from birth to weaning higher in the Serpentina breed (15.7%), while the Chamequeira breed recorded 6.6%. The evolution of the weights during the mating period to childbirth, increasing 17% in the Serpentina breed and 13.6% in Chamequeira breed. We noted significant variations in each breed, but not between each other. The kids resulting of simple birth had higher average daily weight gain from birth to weaning. We did not note significant variations of weight between males and females. We analysed the carcasses of 24 male kids. The corrected yield was 52% for both breeds and the muscle-bone ratio was 2,13 (Chamequeira) and 2,12 (Serpentina). The compactness index for the Chamequeira breed was 11.78 and 11.29 for the Serpentina breed, showing Serpentina breed had better conformation. We proposed the following cuts in the carcass: I-Shovel, II Leg, III- Rib +Sela, IV-Aba and V-Neck. We also analysed the muscle according to their fat, protein, calcium and phosphorus, aiming to show the dietary interest of this muscle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Zhang, Changjiang. "COMPUTER SIMULATION OF A HOLLOW-FIBER BIOREACTOR: HEPARAN REGULATED GROWTH FACTORS-RECEPTORS BINDING AND DISSOCIATION ANALYSIS." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/816.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis demonstrates the use of numerical simulation in predicting the behavior of proteins in a flow environment. A novel convection-diffusion-reaction computational model is first introduced to simulate fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) binding to its receptor (FGFR) on cell surfaces and regulated by heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) under flow in a bioreactor. The model includes three parts: (1) the flow of medium using incompressible Navier-Stokes equations; (2) the mass transport of FGF-2 using convection-diffusion equations; and (3) the cell surface binding using chemical kinetics. The model consists of a set of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) for flow and mass transport, and a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for binding kinetics. To handle pulsatile flow, several assumptions are made including neglecting the entrance effects and an approximate analytical solution for axial velocity within the fibers is obtained. To solve the time-dependent mass transport PDEs, the second order implicit Euler method by finite volume discretization is used. The binding kinetics ODEs are stiff and solved by an ODE solver (CVODE) using Newton’s backward differencing formula. To obtain a reasonable accuracy of the biochemical reactions on cell surfaces, a uniform mesh is used. This basic model can be used to simulate any growth factor-receptor binding on cell surfaces on the wall of fibers in a bioreactor, simply by replacing binding kinetics ODEs. Circulation is an important delivery method for natural and synthetic molecules, but microenvironment interactions, regulated by endothelial cells and critical to the molecule’s fate, are difficult to interpret using traditional approaches. Growth factor capture under flow is analyzed and predicted using computer modeling mentioned above and a three-dimensional experimental approach that includes pertinent circulation characteristics such as pulsatile flow, competing binding interactions, and limited bioavailability. An understanding of the controlling features of this process is desired. The experimental module consists of a bioreactor with synthetic endotheliallined hollow fibers under flow. The physical design of the system is incorporated into the model parameters. FGF-2 is used for both the experiments and simulations. The computational model is based on the flow and reactions within a single hollow fiber and is scaled linearly by the total number of fibers for comparison with experimental results. The model predicts, and experiments confirm, that removal of heparan sulfate (HS) from the system will result in a dramatic loss of binding by heparin-binding proteins, but not by proteins that do not bind heparin. The model further predicts a significant loss of bound protein at flow rates only slightly higher than average capillary flow rates, corroborated experimentally, suggesting that the probability of capture in a single pass at high flow rates is extremely low. Several other key parameters are investigated with the coupling between receptors and proteoglycans shown to have a critical impact on successful capture. The combined system offers opportunities to examine circulation capture in a straightforward quantitative manner that should prove advantageous for biological or drug delivery investigations. For some complicated binding systems, where there are more growth factors or proteins with competing binding among them moving through hollow fibers of a bioreactor coupled with biochemical reactions on cell surfaces on the wall of fibers, a complex model is deduced from the basic model mentioned above. The fluid flow is also modeled by incompressible Navier-Stokes equations as mentioned in the basic model, the biochemical reactions in the fluid and on the cell surfaces are modeled by two distinctive sets of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations, and the mass transports of different growth factors or complexes are modeled separately by different sets of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. To solve this computationally intensive system, parallel algorithms are devised, in which all the numerical computations are solved in parallel, including the discretization of mass transport equations and the linear system solver Stone’s Implicit Procedure (SIP). A parallel SIP solver is designed, in which pipeline technique is used for LU factorization and an overlapped Jacobi iteration technique is chosen for forward and backward substitutions. For solving binding equations ODEs in the fluid and on cell surfaces, a parallel scheme combined with a sequential CVODE solver is used. The simulation results are obtained to demonstrate the computational efficiency of the algorithms and further experiments need to be conducted to verify the predictions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Schumm, Sean R. "Effects of Growth Hormone, IGF-1, or Combination Therapy on Muscle Fiber Type Composition in Diabetic Mice." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1308848028.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Asmus, Matthew Duane. "Effects of dietary fiber on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass fat quality in growing-finishing pigs." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15103.

Full text

Abstract:

Master of Science
Department of Animal Science and Industry
Jim L. Nelssen
Three experiments used 777 pigs to study the effects of fiber source; wheat middlings (midds), dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), and choice white grease (CWG), and reduction strategies for growing and finishing pigs. Also a fourth study utilizing 1,360 pigs was conducted to determine the effect of immunocastration (IC) and DDGS withdrawal on growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid analysis, and iodine value (IV) of pork fat depots in growing and finishing pigs. Experiment 1 determined that the ingredient source of fiber (wheat middlings or DDGS) was more important than NDF level alone, for characterization of growth, carcass, and yield responses. Experiment 2 showed that a short (23 d) fiber reduction strategy was successful at fully recovering yield loss; however, a longer reduction (47 d) was necessary for further improvements in carcass fat quality (IV). Experiment 3 further proved that yield loss can be recovered with a short fiber reduction strategy (19 d), and that adding energy from CWG during the fiber reduction period can improve feed efficiency, but was unsuccessful at further improving carcass yield or carcass fat quality. Experiment 4 showed that carcass yield was lower for IC pigs than barrows regardless of dietary DDGS or withdrawal strategy. Also pigs fed 30% DDGS throughout had decreased carcass yield; however, withdrawing DDGS from the diet on d 74 was effective at recovering the yield loss. While DDGS withdrawal strategy was successful at lowering IV, but was unsuccessful at fully lowering IV to values of pigs fed the control diet throughout. Iodine values were somewhat variable within fat depot, showing the jowl and clear plate fat were less accurate in showing changes from the diet, most likely due to the fact they are deposited earlier and are slower to turnover. Iodine value tended to be greater for IC pigs than barrows on d 107, but by d 125 there were no differences in IV between IC and barrows. This dramatic improvement from d 107 to 125 could be caused by the dilution of unsaturated fatty acids, specifically C18:2 and C18:3, due to the rapid deposition of fat in IC pigs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Oliveira, Róberson Macedo de. "Caracterização da carne de cabrito do Alto Camaquã: crescimento e desenvolvimento." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2643.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:38:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Roberson_Macedo_Oliveira.pdf: 1663374 bytes, checksum: 019ac04238072826dfb93b479ca07890 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-09
Twenty three (23) castrated male goats, born in June-July/2008, slaughtered at 11-12 months of age, originating from the familiar raising unit Arroio da Palma, RS, Brazil. Animals were evaluated from Aug/2008 to Jun/2009. During this period production costs were computed and in vivo characteristics taken: body weight, thoraxic perimeter and compacity at 28-days intervals and average weight gain calculated. Prior to slaughter the following parameters were evaluated: anterior and posterior, conformation and body condition. After slaughtering the following parameters were taken: corporal components weight (head, fresh viscera, liver, etc.) and carcass. Also in vivo characteristics and corporal components were evaluated prior to slaughtering in 15 castrated males, born March-April/2009 and sacrificed with 8-9 months of age, originating from the familiar raising unit Casa de Pedra, RS, Brazil. Both units raise animals under extensive range conditions in the region of Alto Camaquã Territory. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (GLM Procedure). Regression analysis was used to obtain alometry coefficients (t-Test P<0.05). Results showed that farm units adopt extensive raising system, animals with undefined breeds, grown in native grasslands and arboreus/brushy vegetation. Goats slaughtered at the age of 11-12 months showed production costs of R$ 0.82/kg liveweight and slaughtering weight was reached in Jan/2009. No significant difference (P>0.05) was found among treatments for the main in vivo characteristics prior to slaughter. Similarity was obtained among treatments for corporal components, the majority of which showed isogonic manner. It is concluded that goats sacrificed at 8-9 months and 11-12 months of age, raised under extensive grazing conditions, in the region of Alto Camaquã, present similarities in the raising process, for in vivo characteristics, prior to slaughtering, and also in corporal components. The optimum age for slaughter, determined in this study, is 8-10 months, weighing 20-22 kg liveweight, as far as the evaluated characteristics are concerned.
Foram avaliados o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de 23 cabritos machos castrados, nascidos entre junho e julho de 2008 e abatidos com 11-12 meses de idade, da unidade de pecuária familiar Arroio da Palma. Estes foram avaliados de agosto de 2008 a junho de 2009. Durante o período foram coletados os custos de produção e as características in vivo como: peso corporal, comprimento, perímetro torácico, compacidade e a cada 28 dias e calculado o ganho médio de peso. No pré-abate foram avaliados ainda: a altura do anterior, altura do posterior, conformação e condição corporal. Após o abate foram tomados os pesos dos componentes corporais (cabeça, vísceras verdes, fígado...) e carcaça. Avaliaram-se também as características in vivo no pré-abate e os componentes corporais de 15 cabritos machos castrados nascidos entre março e abril de 2009 e abatidos com 8-9 meses de idade da unidade de pecuária familiar Casa de Pedra. Ambas as unidades utilizam sistema extensivo de criação, na região do Território do Alto Camaquã. Os dados foram submetidos á análise de variância (procedimento GLM). Foi utilizada análise de regressão para obtenção dos coeficientes de alometria pelo teste t. em nível de 5% de significância do erro. Os resultados demonstram que as unidades experimentais desenvolvem criação em sistema extensivo, com animais sem raça definida, alimentando-se somente de campo nativo e espécies arbóreo-arbustivas. Os cabritos abatidos com idade de 11-12 meses apresentaram custos de produção de R$ 0,82 kg/peso vivo. Os mesmos atingiram o peso de abate já em janeiro de 2009. Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) para as principais características in vivo no pré-abate entre os tratamentos. Houve semelhança entre os tratamentos para os componentes corporais. A maior parte dos componentes corporais dos tratamentos avaliados demonstrou comportamento isogônico. Conclui-se que caprinos abatidos com 8-9 meses e 11-12 meses, criados em sistema extensivo na região do Território do Alto Camaquã, apresentaram semelhanças no processo de criação, nas características in vivo no pré-abate e nos componentes corporais. A idade ótima de abate para caprinos nas condições do estudo é de 8-10 meses de idade com peso ao redor de 20-22 kg/vivo para as características avaliadas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Cong, Xiaofei. "Role of SH3 and Cysteine-Rich Domain 3 (STAC3) in Skeletal Muscle Development, Postnatal Growth and Contraction." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78432.

Full text

Abstract:

The SH3 and cysteine rich domain 3 (Stac3) gene is expressed specifically in skeletal muscle and essential for skeletal muscle contraction and postnatal life in mice. In this dissertation project, I conducted two studies to further understand the role of STAC3 in skeletal muscle development, growth, and contraction. In the first study, I compared the contractile responses of hindlimb muscles of Stac3 knockout and control mice to electrical stimulation, high [K+]-induced membrane depolarization, and caffeine and 4-chloro-m-cresol (4-CMC) activation of ryanodine receptor (RyR). Frequent electrostimulation-, high [K+]-, 4-CMC- and caffeine-induced maximal tensions in Stac3-deleted muscles were approximately 20%, 29%, 58% and 55% of those in control muscles, respectively. 4-CMC- and caffeine-induced increases in intracellular calcium were not different between Stac3-deleted and control myotubes. Myosin-ATPase and NADH-tetrazolium reductase staining as well as gene expression analyses revealed that Stac3-deleted hindlimb muscles contained more slow type-like fibers than control muscles. These data together confirm a role of STAC3 in EC coupling but also suggest that defective EC coupling is only partially responsible for the significantly reduced contractility in Stac3-deleted hindlimb muscles. In the second study, I determined the potential role of STAC3 in postnatal skeletal muscle growth, fiber composition, and contraction by disrupting Stac3 gene expression in postnatal mice through the Flp-FRT and tamoxifen-inducible Cre-loxP systems. Postnatal Stac3 deletion inhibited body and limb muscle mass gains. Histological staining and gene expression analyses revealed that postnatal Stac3 deletion decreased the size of myofibers and increased the percentage of myofibers containing centralized nuclei without affecting the total myofiber number. Postnatal Stac3 deletion decreased limb muscle strength. Postnatal Stac3 deletion reduced electrostimulation- but not caffeine-induced maximal force output in limb muscles. Similarly, postnatal Stac3 deletion reduced electrostimulation- but not caffeine-induced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These results demonstrate that STAC3 is important to myofiber hypertrophy, myofiber type composition, contraction, and EC coupling in postnatal skeletal muscle.
Ph. D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Hossain, Mohammad Mujaffar. "Strategies for feeding barley straw to growing Saanen goats : effect of amount of straw offered or amount of concentrate fed on growth and on intake and selection of straw." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357856.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Sebsibe, Ameha. "Meat quality of selected Ethiopian goat genotypes under varying nutritional conditions." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092008-081206.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Agarwal, Neeraj. "Transient Shear Flow Rheology of Concentrated Long Glass Fiber Suspensions in a Sliding Plate Rheometer." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34784.

Full text

Abstract:

Transient viscosity growth measurements at the startup of shear flow were performed on long glass fiber-filled polypropylene. Samples were prepared with fibers pre-oriented either in 1-direction, 3-direction or random in 1-3 plane, where the 1-direction is the direction of shear motion, the 2-direction is perpendicular to the shear plane and the 3-direction is the neutral direction. A sliding plate rheometer incorporating a shear stress transducer was constructed in the lab. It was shown that this device works well for the tested materials including a Newtonian oil, a low density polyethylene (LDPE) and short glass fiber-filled polypropylene. The transient viscosity growth behavior for long glass fiber suspensions was subsequently investigated. The results suggested that both, fiber length and fiber concentration have pronounced effect on the steady state suspension viscosity. It was also observed that the transient behavior of the pre-oriented samples was highly dependent on the initial orientation state of the fibers.
Master of Science

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Braz, NÃdia de Melo. "Fiber levels on growth ration and its effect on performance of two strains of laying in the phase of posture." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5925.

Full text

Abstract:

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
- The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)levelsinthedietoftwodifferentlayinghensstrainsonthe7 th tothe17 th weekof ageonthemetabolismofdietaryenergy,developmentofdigestiveandreproductivesystems andthesubsequenteffectsonsexualmaturity,performanceandeggqualityinlayingphase.A totalof1,296pulletswereusedanddistributedinacompletelyrandomizeddesignin2x3 factorial arrangement (two strains X 3 NDF levels) with four replicates of 54 birds per treatment.Twolayinghensstrains,lightandsemiâheavyâweightwereevaluatedandNDF levelsof14.5;16.5and18.5%weretested.Attheendofthegrowthphase,thebirdswere transferredtothelayinghouse,keptatthesameexperimentaldesign,whiteachexperimental parcelconsistedof14birds.Therewasnosignificantinteractionbetweenfactors(NDFlevels xstrain)onthevariablesinallphases.Inthegrowthphase,itwasobservedthattheincreasing the level of NDF in the diet did not affect the feed intake and organ weights of the reproductivesystem,however,decreasedweightgainandaverageweightofbirdsattheend ofphasegrowth,increasedfeedconversion,reducedofmetabolizableenergyofthedietary andincreasetherelativeweightoftheintestines. Inthelayingperiod,itwasobservedthat increasinglevelsofNDFreceivedbythebirdsinthegrowthphasedidnotaffectsignificantly thevariablesofperformance,theconstituentsandqualityoftheeggs.Duringthegrowthof thebrownbirdsitwasobservedthattheyhadhigherfeedintake,greaterweightgainandfinal bodyweights,feedconversion,increasedrelativeweightofgizzard,increasedweightofthe contents of the gizzard and intestines, reduced relative liver weight and ovarian than light birds.Inthelayingperiod,birdswereprecocious,hadlowerweightandeggmass,lowerfeed conversion, eggs with a higher proportion of yolk, reduced proportion of albumen, higher specificgravityandlowerHaughunits.Weconcludethat,inspiteoflineage,theincreased levelofNDFinthedietsofferedtothechickensduring7 th tothe17 th weeksofageuntilthe levelof18.5%mayinfluencethemetabolizableenergyofthedietary andthedevelopment andperformanceofbroilers,resultinginraisingpulletsweighedlessattheendofthegrowth phase,andtheseeffectsdonotinfluenceageatsexualmaturity,performanceandqualityof eggsfromthebirdsattheproductionstage.
A presente pesquisa teve como objetivos avaliar os efeitos dos nÃveis de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) das raÃÃes oferecidas para as frangas na fase de 7 a 17 semanas de idade sobre o desempenho, metabolizaÃÃo da energia da raÃÃo, desenvolvimento dos sistemas digestÃrio e reprodutor de duas linhagens de poedeiras comerciais, bem como os efeitos subseqÃentes na maturidade sexual, no desempenho e na qualidade dos ovos na fase de postura. Inicialmente 1.296 aves foram distribuÃdas em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 (trÃs nÃveis de FDN x duas linhagens), com quatro repetiÃÃes de 54 aves. Foram testados os nÃveis de 14,5, 16,5, 18,5% de FDN para aves de uma linhagem de poedeiras leve e uma semipesada. Ao final da fase de crescimento, as aves foram transferidas para o galpÃo de postura, mantendo-se o mesmo delineamento experimental, sendo cada parcela experimental composta por 14 aves. NÃo houve interaÃÃo significativa entre os fatores (nÃveis de FDN x linhagem) sobre as variÃveis avaliadas em todas as fases experimentais. Na fase de crescimento, observou-se que o aumento do nÃvel de FDN na raÃÃo nÃo influenciou significativamente o consumo de raÃÃo e o peso relativo dos ÃrgÃos do sistema reprodutor, entretanto, promoveu reduÃÃo no ganho de peso e peso mÃdio das aves ao final da fase de crescimento, piora na conversÃo alimentar, reduÃÃo na metabolizaÃÃo da energia da raÃÃo e aumento do peso relativo dos intestinos. Na fase de postura, observou-se que os nÃveis crescentes de FDN recebido pelas aves na fase de crescimento nÃo influenciaram significativamente as variÃveis de desempenho e os constituintes e a qualidade dos ovos. Em relaÃÃo Ãs linhagens, observou-se que na fase de crescimento as aves semipesadas apresentaram maior consumo de raÃÃo, maior ganho de peso e peso mÃdio final, melhor conversÃo alimentar, maior peso relativo da moela, maior peso dos conteÃdos da moela e dos intestinos, menor peso relativo do fÃgado e do ovÃrio que as aves leves. Na fase de postura, as aves leves foram mais precoces, apresentaram menor peso e massa de ovos, pior conversÃo alimentar, ovos com maior proporÃÃo de gema, menores proporÃÃo de albÃmen, maiores valores de densidade especÃfica e menores valores de unidades Haugh. Conclui-se que, independente da linhagem, o aumento do nÃvel de FDN nas raÃÃes oferecidas para as frangas na fase de 7 a 17 semanas de idade atÃ 18,5% pode influenciar na metabolizaÃÃo da energia da raÃÃo e no desenvolvimento e desempenho das aves, resultando na obtenÃÃo de frangas menos pesadas ao final da fase de crescimento, sendo que esses efeitos nÃo influenciam na maturidade sexual, no desempenho e na qualidade dos ovos dessas aves na fase de produÃÃo.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

O'Berry, Nathan Brook. "Individual Experiments to Evaluate the Effects of Plant Population and Planting Date, Cultivar and Plant Growth Regulator Application, and Herbicide and Plant Growth Regulator Application on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Growth and Development, Yield, and Fiber Quality." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33882.

Full text

Abstract:

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth and development, lint yield, and fiber quality are influenced by many management decisions. Three field experiments examining the interaction of plant population and planting date, and cultivar or herbicide and plant growth regulator application on these parameters were conducted in Virginia during 2005 and 2006 and in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Louisiana during specific years. Experiment I: Plant Population and Planting Date Lint yields were highest with populations of 8.9 and 12.8 plants mÂ¯Â² compared to 5.3 plants mÂ¯Â² in Virginia and North Carolina, while in Louisiana the highest yields resulted from populations of 5.8 and 9.5 plants mÂ¯Â² compared to 17.1 plants mÂ¯Â². Earlier planted (1 May) cotton produced higher yields relative to later planted (21 May) cotton in Louisiana, while yield was not influenced by planting date in Virginia and North Carolina. The impact of plant population and planting date on cotton appeared to be influenced significantly by heat unit accumulation. Experiment II: Cultivar and Mepiquat Pentaborate Application Mepiquat pentaborate (MPB) application consistently decreased plant height, HNR, and enhanced maturity for all cultivars, compared to untreated cotton. A trend of decreasing yield with increasing MPB application in Virginia was observed. These data suggests that cotton response to MPB application is influenced by cultivar maturity or fruiting interval. Experiment III: Trifloxysulfuron-sodium and Mepiquat Chloride Application Trifloxysulfuron-sodium (TFS) did not influence vegetative growth, maturity, or yield in comparison to untreated cotton. Mepiquat chloride (MC) application reduced vegetative growth and enhanced maturity in most years. The results of this experiment demonstrate that TFS application does not have the same effects on plant growth as MC application.
Master of Science

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Thorp, Kelly R., Douglas J. Hunsaker, Kevin F. Bronson, Pedro Andrade-Sanchez, and Edward M. Barnes. "Cotton Irrigation Scheduling Using a Crop Growth Model and FAO-56 Methods: Field and Simulation Studies." AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626603.

Full text

Abstract:

Crop growth simulation models can address a variety of agricultural problems, but their use to directly assist in-season irrigation management decisions is less common. Confidence in model reliability can be increased if models are shown to provide improved in-season management recommendations, which are explicitly tested in the field. The objective of this study was to compare the CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton model (with recently updated ET routines) to a well-tested FAO-56 irrigation scheduling spreadsheet by (1) using both tools to schedule cotton irrigation during 2014 and 2015 in central Arizona and (2) conducting a post-hoc simulation study to further compare outputs from these tools. Two replications of each irrigation scheduling treatment and a water-stressed treatment were established on a 2.6 ha field. Irrigation schedules were developed on a weekly basis and administered via an overhead lateral-move sprinkler irrigation system. Neutron moisture meters were used weekly to estimate soil moisture status and crop water use, and destructive plant samples were routinely collected to estimate cotton leaf area index (LAI) and canopy weight. Cotton yield was estimated using two mechanical cotton pickers with differing capabilities: (1) a two-row picker that facilitated manual collection of yield samples from 32 m(2) areas and (2) a four-row picker equipped with a sensor-based cotton yield monitoring system. In addition to statistical testing of field data via mixed models, the data were used for post-hoc reparameterization and fine-tuning of the irrigation scheduling tools. Post-hoc simulations were conducted to compare measured and simulated evapotranspiration, crop coefficients, root zone soil moisture depletion, cotton growth metrics, and yield for each irrigation treatment. While total seasonal irrigation amounts were similar among the two scheduling tools, the crop model recommended more water during anthesis and less during the early season, which led to higher cotton fiber yield in both seasons (p < 0.05). The tools calculated cumulative evapotranspiration similarly, with root mean squared errors (RMSEs) less than 13%; however, FAO-56 crop coefficient (K-c) plots demonstrated subtle differences in daily evapotranspiration calculations. Root zone soil moisture depletion was better calculated by CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton, perhaps due to its more complex soil profile simulation; however, RMSEs for depletion always exceeded 20% for both tools and reached 149% for the FAO-56 spreadsheet in 2014. CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton simulated cotton LAI, canopy weight, canopy height, and yield with RMSEs less than 21%, while the FAO-56 spreadsheet had no capability for such outputs. Through field verification and thorough post-hoc data analysis, the results demonstrated that the CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton model with updated FAO-56 ET routines could match or exceed the accuracy and capability of an FAO-56 spreadsheet tool for cotton water use calculations and irrigation scheduling.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Coble, Kyle Francis. "Influence of dietary fiber and copper on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs and utilizing linear programming to determine pig flow." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19084.

Full text

Abstract:

Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
Joel M. DeRouchey
A total of 7,061 finishing pigs were used in 7 experiments. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of withdrawing high-fiber ingredients prior to marketing to optimize growth performance, carcass yield, and carcass fat quality. Switching pigs from a high-fiber to a low-fiber corn-soy diet approximately 15 to 19 d before slaughter restored carcass yield and partially decreased carcass fat IV compared to pigs fed the high-fiber diet until slaughter. Experiment 2 studied 30% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and 5% added fat prior to slaughter on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Adding 5% fat to finishing pig diets containing 30% DDGS approximately 20 d before slaughter improved ADG and G:F but did not overcome the reduction in carcass yield from feeding DDGS. Experiment 3 investigated the Cu source on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Increasing dietary Cu in high byproduct diets improved growth and feed intake, resulting in increased final BW and HCW for pigs fed both Cu sources. Experiment 4 examined added Cu and standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) level on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass fat quality. Feeding 150 mg/kg Cu to pigs in the 100% SID Lys requirement diet had improved growth but in the 85 or 92.5% SID Lys requirement diet no response to added Cu was found. Furthermore, increasing SID Lys increased ADG and HCW, but added Cu did not influence growth when feeding low SID Lys. Experiment 5 investigated diet ingredient type and added Cu on growth performance, carcass characteristics, gross energy digestibility, and small intestine histology and gene expression. When comparing diet type and added Cu, pigs fed a byproduct diet with DDGS and bakery meal tended to have lower G:F and reduced HCW compared to pigs fed a corn-soy diet. Adding Cu did not influence growth or carcass characteristics. However, adding Cu to the byproduct diet improved gross energy digestibility and decreased the crypt depth in the distal small intestine. Finally, a linear programming model was developed as a decision tool for commercial swine producers to help guide pig flow decisions to maximize the return to the operation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Stender, Michael. "Predicting Articular Cartilage Constituent Material Properties Following In Vitro Growth Using a Proteoglycan-Collagen Mixture Model." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/463.

Full text

Abstract:

A polyconvex continuum-level proteoglycan Cauchy stress function was developed based on the continuum electromechanical Poisson-Boltzmann unit cell model for proteoglycan interactions. The resulting proteoglycan model was combined with a novel collagen fibril model and a ground substance matrix material to create a polyconvex constitutive finite element model of articular cartilage. The true collagen fibril modulus , and the ground substance matrix shear modulus , were varied to obtain the best fit to experimental tension, confined compression, and unconfined compression data for native explants and explants cultured in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Results indicate that culture in IGF-1 results in a weakening of the COL fibers compared to native explants, and culture in TGF-β1 results in a strengthening of the COL fibers compared to native explants. These results elucidate the biomechanical changes in collagen fibril modulus, and ground matrix shear modulus following in vitro culture with IGF-1 and TGF-β1. Understanding the constitutive effects of growth factor stimulated culture may have applications in AC repair and tissue engineering.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Lopes, Daniel dos Santos. "Efetividade física da fibra para caprinos." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2009. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5807.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:55:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 443287 bytes, checksum: 08ce9d8927b6aa909671e81fc2aba183 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-08
The present study presents as speculation the possibility of existence of interactions between both chemical and physical characteristics of forage plants acting on performance of small ruminants. The literature presents evidences of individual actions of those factors, but there is a lack on informations in respect to interactive effects. The objective of our work was to evaluate possible variations on feed intake, on rumen fiber mass of goats in different moments of the day according to alteration on source of forage offered as well as the particle size of that feed. We analyzed the combinations obtained among three levels of quality, named as high, medium and low based on age of the plant which was considered as 35, 50 and 60 days for haymaking of coast-cross (Cynodon dactylon), chopped to obtain three particle size (small, medium and long) by using an experimental randomized design in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement with 6 repeats. Animals were non-castrated male Saanen and Alpine kids averaging 191 ± 4 days of age and body mass of 24.68 ± 3.17 kg. Granulometric profile of feed, refusals and ruminal content was evaluated by use of sieve openings of 4.76 mm, 2.38 mm, 1.19 mm, 0.70 mm and 0.297 mm. Mass and composition of fiber in the rumen were kept unaltered throughout the day. Values of fresh ruminal content, of DM, of fiber, of physically effective fiber, and of indigestible material did not differ among the different combinations between quality and particle size studied, nor to the average turnover time of dry matter and of fiber in the rumen. Average time of retention for lignin varied according to the quality of forage offered, with lower values for the hay of low quality, which implies in higher rate of ruminal passage of lignin to compensate the intake of lignified material. The higher intake of dry matter and NDF with the use of hay of low quality occurred as particles of higher size were offered allowing for selection of feed. Conversely, higher intake of NDF and lignin were observed as kids were offered high and medium quality hay chopped to present particles of small size. The higher intake of physically effective fiber was associated to hay with large particle size independent of the quality of the forage. We concluded that composition and fiber mass on rumen content of goats is not altered throughout of day and that the particle size associated with the higher intake varies with the quality of fiber which in turn influence the average turnover time of lignin in the rumen.
O presente estudo apresenta como especulação a possibilidade da existência de interações entre as características químicas e físicas de plantas forrageiras atuando sobre o desempenho de pequenos ruminantes. A literatura apresenta evidências das ações individuais destes fatores, mas existe uma lacuna nas informações quando se busca seus efeitos interativos. Para implantar esta linha de pesquisa objetivou-se avaliar possíveis variações no consumo de alimento bem como variações da massa fibrosa no rúmen de caprinos, em diferentes horários, quando da alteração na qualidade da fonte forrageira fornecida, bem como do tamanho da partícula deste alimento. Analisamos as combinações obtidas entre três níveis de qualidade (alta, média e baixa, em função da idade, respectivamente de 35, 50 e 65 dias) de feno de coast-cross (Cynodon dactylon), desintegrado para obter três tamanhos de partículas (pequeno, médio e grande) em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 3x3, com 6 repetições . Os animais utilizados eram cabritos machos, não-castrados, das raças Saanen e Alpina, com idade média de 191 ± 4 dias, e massa corporal de 24,68 ± 3,17 kg, . O perfil granulométrico dos alimentos, sobras e conteúdo ruminal foi avaliado com uso de peneiras com abertura de 4,76 mm; 2,38 mm; 1,19 mm; 0,70 mm e 0,297 mm. A massa e a composição de fibra no rúmen se mantiveram inalteradas ao longo do dia. Os valores de conteúdo ruminal fresco, de MS, de fibra, de fibra fisicamente efetiva e de material indigestível não diferiram entre as diferentes combinações entre qualidade e tamanho de partículas estudadas, tampouco para o tempo médio de renovação da matéria seca e da fibra no rúmen. O tempo médio de retenção da lignina variou com a qualidade da forragm oferecida, sendo menor para o feno de baixa qualidade, o que implica em maior taxa de passagem ruminal da lignina para compensar o consumo de material lignificado. O maior consumo de MS e FDN com o feno de baixa qualidade ocorreu quando da oferta de partículas de maior tamanho permitindo a seleção do alimento. Contrariamente, maiores consumos de FDN e lignina foram observados quando os cabritos recebiam o feno de alta e média qualidade em partículas de tamanho pequeno. O consumo maior de fibra fisicamente efetiva, para feno dos três níveis de qualidade esteve associado aos maiores tamanhos de partícula. Concluímos que a composição e a massa de fibra no conteúdo ruminal de caprinos não é alterada ao longo do dia; o tamanho de partícula associado ao maior consumo varia com a qualidade da forragem, e que por sua vez influencia o tempo médio de renovação da lignina no rúmen.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Ebarb, Sara Michelle. "The influence of growth-promoting technologies on the biological structures responsible for cooked meat tenderness." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20121.

Full text

Abstract:

Master of Science
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
John Michael Gonzalez
The objective of this body of work was to examine effects of growth-promoting technologies (GP) on Longissimus lumborum meat tenderness, focusing on alterations of muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and collagen solubility. Two studies were conducted and analyzed as randomized complete block designs with repeated measures with GP and day of postmortem aging (DOA) as main effects. Treatments consisted of: a control (CON), implant only (IMP), and implant and [beta]-adrenergic agonist (COMBO). The [beta]-adrenergic agonist utilized for the first was zilpaterol hydrochloride, while the second study examined ractopamine hydrochloride. Objective tenderness of strip loin steaks was measured through Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) after 2 (study 2) or 3 (study 1), 7, 14, 21, or 35 d of postmortem aging. Muscle fiber CSA and collagen solubility were analyzed via immunohistochemistry and hydroxyproline content, respectively. For the first study there was a treatment × DOA interaction (P < 0.01) for WBSF. Compared to CON steaks, IMP steaks had greater (P = 0.01) WBSF on d 3, but were similar (P = 0.21) by d 14. The COMBO steaks remained less tender at all-time points (P < 0.04) except d 21 (P = 0.13) when compared to the CON. Growth-promoting treatment increased the CSA of all three muscle fiber types (P < 0.01), but had no effect on collagen solubility measures (P > 0.21). The second study observed no treatment × DOA interaction (P = 0.54) for WBSF, but GP increased (P < 0.01) WBSF across all DOA. Growth-promoting treatment tended to increase the CSA of type I and IIX fibers (P < 0.10), and increased (P < 0.01) type IIA fiber CSA. In agreement with the first study, there was no treatment × DOA interaction or treatment effect on collagen solubility (P > 0.75). The addition of GP to feedlot heifer production increased WBSF of strip loin steaks and fiber CSA, but did not impact collagen characteristics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Ucak, Ibrahim. "Assessment Of Different Finite Elementmodeling Techniques On Delamination Growth Inadvanced Composite Structures." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614188/index.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) is commonly used to analyze debonding/delamination onset and growth in fiber reinforced composite assemblies. VCCT is a computational fracture mechanics based approach, and is based on Irwin&rsquo
s crack closure integral. In this study, the debonding/delamination onset and growth potential in a bonded fiber reinforced composite skin-flange assembly is investigated using the VCCT. A parametric finite element analyses is conducted. The finite element analyses results are compared with coupon level experimental results available in the literature. The effects of different finite element modeling techniques are investigated. The bonded flange-assembly is modeled with pure solid (3D) elements, plane stress (2D) shell elements and plane strain (2D) shell elements. In addition, mesh density, element order and geometric non-linearity parameters are investigated as well. The accuracy and performance of these different modeling techniques are assessed. Finally, effect of initial defect location on delamination growth potential is investigated. The results presented in this study are expected to provide an insight to practicing engineers in the aerospace industry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Zahn, Anna [Verfasser], Daniel [Gutachter] Balzani, and Jörg [Gutachter] Schröder. "Modeling of growth and fiber reorientation in soft biological tissues / Anna Zahn ; Gutachter: Daniel Balzani, Jörg Schröder ; Fakultät für Bau- und Umweltingenieurwissenschaften." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:294-83032.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Zhao, Haotian. "Exploring the role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in mouse lens fiber differentiation through tissue-specific disruption of FGF receptor gene family." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1072722841.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 203 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 179-203). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Philippen, Jan [Verfasser], Detlef [Akademischer Betreuer] Klimm, and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Lerch. "Fiber crystal growth of cerium doped calcium scandate, strontium yttrium oxide, and tristrontium silicate / Jan Philippen. Gutachter: Martin Lerch ; Detlef Klimm. Betreuer: Detlef Klimm." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1065665237/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Buffin, Nicholas James. "Loss of Post-natal Growth Hormone Receptor Signaling in Skeletal Muscle of Mice Does Not Affect Muscle Fiber Size and Response to Pathological Injury." Thesis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1537185.

Full text

Abstract:

In my thesis I investigated whether loss of growth hormone receptor (GHR) signaling affects post-natal skeletal muscle development and regenerative ability in adult male mice, and whether the effect is via insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling. Mouse models were used that had a post-natal muscle-specific loss of GHR signaling (mGHRKO), insulin-like growth factor receptor/ insulin receptor (IGF-1R/IR) signaling (MKR ), and loss of both GHR and IGF-1R/IR signaling (mGHRKO/MKR). The loss of GHR signaling did not alter muscle igf-1 expression, fiber cross sectional area, fiber type proportions, or regenerative fusion ability. Further more, loss of IGF-1R/IR signaling decreased regenerative ability. In conclusion, my data suggests that GHR signaling does not play a role in post-natal skeletal muscle development or regenerative fusion ability, and that IGF-1R/IR signaling has an effect that is independent of direct GH effects on muscle, though may be affected by systemic GH/IGF-1 function.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Hatano, Taketo. "Acceleration of aneurysm healing by controlled release of basic fibroblast growth factor with the use of polyethylene terephthalate fiber coils coated with gelatin hydrogel." Kyoto University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144474.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Faftine, Olga Lurdes Jossias. "Desempenho de caprinos e digestibilidade de dietas com palha de milho e blocos com multinutrientes, durante a época da seca, no sul de Moçambique." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-28072008-082122/.

Full text

Abstract:

Este estudo comparou o efeito de dietas com palha de milho com ou sem blocos com multinutrientes na variação de peso de 24 caprinos com 8 meses de idade e peso médio de 11 kg (±0,61) , durante 6 meses da época seca. No final deste período foi conduzido um estudo de digestibilidade \"in vivo\" em 8 caprinos sendo 4 por tratamento. Os blocos com multinutrientes aumentaram o consumo total (g dia -1) de MS (519,71 vs 278,95; p<0,001), MO (369,32 vs 219,93; p<0,001) , PB (67,83 vs 12,47; p<0,001), FDN (292,66 vs 183,62; p<0,001), FDA (208,28 vs 126,15; p<0,001) , Hemicelulose (83,13 vs 57,48; p <0,001), Ca (6,04 vs 0,81; p<0,001) e P 5,24 vs 0,75; p<0,001). Os blocos com multinutrientes estimularam um aumento do consumo da palha de milho e dos nutrientes dela provenientes. Os valores encontrados, expressos em g/animal/dia, foram: MS (339,50 vs 278,95; p<0,01), MO (271,97 vs 219,93; p<0,05), PB (14,85 vs 12,46; p<0,01) FDN (235,71 vs 183,62; p<0,01), FDA (154,24 vs 126,14; p<0,01), hemicelulose (82,38 vs 57,48; p< 0,001). Os caprinos na dieta suplementada com blocos com multinutrientes tiveram uma taxa de crescimento maior (9,17 vs -7,99 g dia -1; p<0.001), coeficientes de digestibilidade (%) da MS (61,13 vs 46,64 ; p<0,05 ), MO (64,35 vs 51,92; p<0,05), PB (69.48 vs -5.60; <p=0.01), FDN (55,54 vs 45.10; p< 0,05 ), FDA (53,31 vs 43,32; p<0,05 ) e da hemicelulose ( 65,08 vs 52,31; p<0,05 ), energia (64.95 vs 57.31; p<0.05), do que os não suplementados. O consumo de EM (70 vs 30 Kcal/ kg 0.75; p<0.001) and PBD (6,81 vs -0,12 g/ kg 0.75; p<0,001 foi maior no grupo suplementado. Os resultados indicam que os blocos com multinutrientes podem reduzir as perdas de peso vivo e a taxa de mortalidade de caprinos durante a época da seca., com custos relativamente baixos.
This study investigated the effect of feeding maize stover alone or with multinutrient block on the growth of 24 mozambican Landim goats aging 8 months with 11 kg (±0.61) average body weight, during the dry season. At the end of growth trial, a 5 day metabolism experiment on 4 goats from each treatment was conducted. Supplementation increased total intake (g day -1) of DM (519.71 vs 278.95; p<0.001), OM (369.32 vs 219.93; p<0.001) , CP (67.83 vs 12.47, p<0.001), NDF (292.66 vs 183.62, p<0.001), ADF (208.28 vs 126.15; p<0.001) , Hemicelullose (83.13 vs 57.48; p <0.001), Ca (6,04 vs 0,81; p<0,001) and P(5,24 vs 0,75; p<0,01). Multinutrient block promoted higher intake of maize stover DM (339.50 vs 278.95; p<0.01), OM (271.97 vs 219.93; p<0.05), CP (14.85 vs 12.46; p<0.01), FDN (235.71 vs 183.62; p<0.01), FDA (154.24 vs 126.14; p<0.01) and hemicelullose. (82,38 vs 57,48; p=0,001). Goats on diet supplemented with blocks had higher growth rate (9.17 vs 7.99 g day -1; p<0.01), and higher digestibility (%) of DM (61.13 vs 46.64 ; p<0.05), OM (64.35 vs 51.92; p<0.05), CP (69.48 vs -5.60; p<0.01), NDF (55.54 vs 45.10; p<0.05), ADF (53.31 vs 43.32; p<0.05) hemicelullose (65.08 vs 52.31; p<0.05) and energy (64.95 vs 57.31; p<0.05). The ME intake (70 vs 30 Kcal/ kg 0.75; p<0.001) and DCP ( 6,81 vs -0,12 g/ kg 0.75; p<0,001) were higher for supplemented than unsupplemented one. Results indicate that low cost multinutrient block could reduce the BW losses and the mortality rate of goats during the dry season.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Cromer, Elaina. "A Comparative Analysis of the Nutrient Composition and Digestibility of California Perennial and Annual Grasses at Four Stages of Growth." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1787.

Full text

Abstract:

Beef products represent the fourth largest agricultural commodity in the state of California, valuing more than $3 billion from 2013 to 2015 (CDFA, 2016) and procure 90% of the income for the range livestock industry (FRAP, 2003). Forages found on California’s coastal, desert, foothill, and mountain ranges are the basis of the state’s beef cattle industry. Understanding their nutritional quality of these forages is important for their effective use (George et al., 2001a; Waterman et al., 2014). The objectives of this research were to investigate the nutritional characteristics, and in situ digestbilities in Angus beef cattle, of common California annual and perennial grasses: wild oats (Avena barbata and Avena fatua), soft chess (Bromus hordeaceous), filaree (Erodium botrys), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), blue wildrye (Elymus glaucus), creeping wildrye (Leymus tritichoides), melic (Melica californica, Melica imperfecta, Melica torreyana), foothill needlegrass (Nasella lepida), purple needlegrass (Nasella pulchra). Nutritional composition as a percentage of dry matter (crude protein, CP; neutral detergent fiber, NDF; acid detergent fiber, ADF; and acid detergent lignin, ADL) and digestibilities were compared at four growth stages: late vegetative (LV), early reproductive (ER), late reproductive (LR), and dry (D). Plant samples were collected in San Luis Obispo County, CA. Crude protein concentrations decreased, and fiber concentrations increased, with maturity (P ≤ 0.05). Perennial grasses contained more NDF and ADF than annual grasses, across all growth stages (P ≤ 0.05). Annual grasses were significantly higher than perennials in dry matter digestibility (%DMD) at the 48 h incubation, when averaged across all growth stages (P ≤ 0.05); and at the LR and D stages, when averaged across all incubation periods (P ≤ 0.05). Within the annual grasses, %DMD was similar between ER, LR, and D stages. Within the perennial grasses, %DMD was similar between the LR and D stages (P ≤ 0.05).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Adorian, Taida Juliana. "CONCENTRADOS DE FIBRA ALIMENTAR COMO AGENTE PREBIÓTICO EM DIETAS DE JUNDIÁ (Rhamdia quelen)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10863.

Full text

Abstract:

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inclusion of concentrated dietary fiber as prebiotic agent in diets on metabolic, immune responses, performance parameters, deposition of nutrients and production of digestive enzymes of juvenile silver catfish. Concentrates were prepared from dietary fiber citrus pulp, biomass of yeast brewery and grain included in linseed and mixed diets followed a diet containing the prebiotic commercial mananoligossacarids base Actigen® and control treatment without added prebiotic agent. For 50 days, 600 juvenile silver catfish with average initial weight of 3.54±0.53 g were kept in a water recirculation system with two biological filters, settling box, heating and 20 tanks with a capacity of 230 liters. Were randomly assigned to 30 fish per experimental unit, which were fed the experimental diets, three times a day (8:00, 13:00 and 17:00) to apparent satiation. At the end of the experiment the animals were subjected to biometrics were collected blood, liver, mucous, intestine and data length and weight, beyond a sample of fish. The experimental design was a randomized, with five treatments and four replications, the data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test (P<0.05). Cholesterol levels, total protein, globulin and mucoprotein were higher in animals fed yeast autolysate and linseed fiber in the diet. A higher amount of liver glycogen in fish fed with control diet and Actigen®, the liver protein content was higher (P<0.05) in a diet containing linseed fiber. Fish fed diets containing yeast autolysate and linseed fiber were superior (P<0.05) to the other treatments tested, as well as higher crude protein values and deposited body fat. Animals fed diets containing citrus pulp showed lower performance and nutrient deposition. The yield of body, digestive indices and production of digestive enzymes were not affected by the tested treatments. The yeast autolysate and linseed fibers provide a prebiotic effect when added to diets for juvenile silver catfish, since they benefit the immune system and provide improved performance and deposition of nutrients by the animal.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da inclusão de fibra alimentar concentrada como agente prebiótico em dietas sob as respostas metabólicas, imunológicas, parâmetros de desempenho, deposição de nutrientes e produção de enzimas digestivas de juvenis de jundiá. Foram avaliados concentrados de fibra alimentar preparados a partir da polpa cítrica, biomassa de levedura de cervejaria e grão de linhaça e incluídos em dietas mistas, além de uma dieta contendo o prebiótico comercial a base de mananoligossacarídeos Actigen® e uma dieta controle sem adição de agente prebiótico. Durante 50 dias, 600 juvenis de jundiá com peso médio inicial de 3,54±0,53g foram mantidos em um sistema de recirculação de água dotado de dois filtros biológicos, caixa de decantação, reservatório de água, aquecimento e 20 tanques com capacidade de 230 litros. Distribuiu-se ao acaso 30 peixes por unidade experimental, os quais receberam as dietas experimentais, três vezes ao dia (8:00, 13:00 e 17:00 horas) até a saciedade aparente. Ao final do experimento os animais foram submetidos a biometria onde coletou-se sangue, fígado, muco e intestino dos peixes, além de dados de peso e comprimento e uma amostra de peixes. O delineamento experimental o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P<0,05). Os níveis de colesterol, proteína total, globulina e mucoproteína, foram superiores nos animais alimentados com autolisado de levedura e fibra de linhaça na dieta. Observou-se maior quantidade de glicogênio hepático nos peixes alimentados com dieta controle e Actigen®, o conteúdo de proteína hepática foi superior (P<0,05) para os animais que receberam dieta contendo fibra de linhaça. Os peixes alimentados com dietas contendo autolisado de levedura e linhaça fibra apresentaram desempenho superior (P<0,05) aos demais tratamentos testados, bem como maiores valores de proteína bruta e gordura corporal depositada. Animais alimentados com dietas contendo polpa cítrica mostraram menor desempenho e deposição de nutrientes. O rendimento de carcaça, índices digestivos e produção de enzimas digestivas não foram afetados pelos tratamentos testados. O autolisado de levedura e a fibra de linhaça proporcionam efeito prebiótico quando adicionados a dietas para juvenis de jundiá, uma vez que beneficiam o sistema imune e proporcionam maior desempenho e deposição de nutrientes pelos animais.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fiber growth of goats'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles