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Journal articles on the topic 'Fibre bridging'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Xu, Zhi Hong, Wen Yin Liang, and Yu Jing Liang. "Experimental Study of Steel Fibre Bridging Action on Crack Propagation in Fibre Reinforced Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 1067–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.1067.

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In this paper the bridging action of steel fibres on the model I crack propagation has been studied experimentally for steel fibre reinforced concrete (FRC). From the experimental results three main conclusions are obtained. First, the bridging action increases with the number of the steel fibres across the crack surface and the stress intensity factor near the crack tip decreases thereby. Second, bridging action increases with the strength of the matrix because the matrix with higher strength can provide stronger interfacial bond with steel fibres. Third, the interfacial bonding gets damaged when the steel fibres under cyclic loads and the bridging action degrades with the cycle number.

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2

Skadins, Ulvis, and Janis Brauns. "INVESTIGATION OF STEEL FIBRE PULLOUT AND MODELING OF BRIDGING BEHAVIOUR IN SFRC." Engineering Structures and Technologies 4, no. 3 (October 4, 2012): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2012.729653.

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By adding fibres to concrete mix the objective is to bridge discrete cracks providing for some control to the fracture process and increase the fracture energy. Fibres become active mainly when cracking starts and deformation of the fibre occurs. Pullout tests with four types of fibres with different orientation, embedment lengths, and concrete strengths are performed to simulate the bridging process. Fibre pullout behaviour is analysed for relatively small slippage displacement to keep it close to real designing situations. The test results show significant effect of fibre type on pullout behaviour, nevertheless the effect is intangible on fibres inclined at 30 degrees or more. An effective displacement is introduced, derived from experimental force-slip curves, when fibre becomes involved in bridging. Based on the effective displacement and simplified average force-slip curves a numerical model is proposed to analyse the tensile stresses transferred by fibres crossing a crack.

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3

Wydra, Małgorzata, Piotr Dolny, Grzegorz Sadowski, and Jadwiga Fangrat. "Flexural Behaviour of Cementitious Mortars with the Addition of Basalt Fibres." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061334.

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The results of flexural tests of basalt fibre-reinforced cementitious mortars in terms of flexural strength and the occurrence of the bridging effect are summarised. Mixture proportions and curing conditions were altered for various series. The main parameters concerning mixture proportions were water to cement ratio (w/c), micro-silica and plasticiser addition and fibre dosage (1%, 3% and 6.2% by binder’s mass). Various curing conditions were defined by different temperatures, humidity and time. The influence of the amount of water inside the pores of the hardened cementitious matrix on the flexural strength values, as far as the impact of the alkaline environment on basalt fibres’ performance is concerned, was underlined. The designation of flexural strength and the analysis of post-critical deformations were also performed on the reference series without fibres and with the addition of more common polypropylene fibres. The bridging effect was observed only for the basalt fibre-reinforced mortar specimens with a relatively low amount of cement and high w/c ratio, especially after a short time of hardening. For the lowest value of w/c ratio (equalling 0.5), the bridging effect did not occur, but flexural strength was higher than in the case of non-reinforced specimens. Comparing mortars with the addition of basalt and polypropylene fibres, the former demonstrated higher values of flexural strength (assuming the same percentage dosage by the mass of the binder). Nevertheless, the bridging effect in that case was obtained only for polypropylene fibres.

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4

Riccio, Aniello, Angela Russo, Andrea Sellitto, Cinzia Toscano, Davide Alfano, and Mauro Zarrelli. "Experimental and Numerical Assessment of Fibre Bridging Toughening Effects on the Compressive Behaviour of Delaminated Composite Plates." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 3, 2020): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030554.

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Increasing the Mode I inter-laminar fracture toughness of composite laminates can contribute to slowing down delamination growth phenomena, which can be considered one of the most critical damage mechanisms in composite structures. Actually, the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (GIc) in fibre-reinforced composite materials has been found to considerably increase with the crack length when the fibre bridging phenomenon takes place. Hence, in this paper, the fibre bridging phenomenon has been considered as a natural toughening mechanism able to replace embedded metallic or composite reinforcements, currently used to increase tolerance to inter-laminar damage. An experimental/numerical study on the influence of delamination growth on the compressive behaviour of fibre-reinforced composites characterised by high sensitivity to the fibre bridging phenomenon has been performed. Coupons, made of material systems characterised by a variable toughness related to a high sensitivity to the fibre bridging phenomenon and containing artificial through-the-width delaminations, were subjected to a compressive mechanical test and compared to coupons made of standard material system with constant toughness. Out-of-plane displacements and strains were monitored during the compression test by means of strain gauges and digital image correlation to assess the influence of fibre bridging on delamination buckling, delamination growth and on the global buckling of the specimens, including buckling shape changes. Experimental data were combined with a numerical study, performed by means of a virtual crack closure technique based procedure, named SMart Time XB – Fibre Bridging (SMXB-FB), able to mimic the crack bridging effect on the toughness properties of the material system. The combination of numerical results and experimental data has allowed the deformations and the buckling shape changes to be correlated to the onset and evolution of damage and, hence, contributes to improving the knowledge on the interaction of the failure mechanisms in the investigated composite specimens.

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5

Ni, Q.-Q. "A method to evaluate interfacial fracture energy on a fibre/matrix interface." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 219, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146442005x10274.

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A double cleavage drilled compression (DCDC) specimen was analysed using the boundary element method. The DCDC specimen of FRP composites was proposed and used to evaluate the interfacial behaviour and fracture energy in model composites of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP). As a result, it was confirmed that the DCDC specimen had the mode I stress distribution for the hole offsetting displacement of b = 0, in which the specimen configuration was symmetrical, while it had the mixed-mode stress distribution for b = 0. The approach of calculating the interfacial fracture energy was established using both the analysis and experiments. Furthermore, the bridging fibre DCDC specimen was proposed and the effect of bridging fibres on the loading phase was made clear. It was shown that the DCDC test was a useful method to evaluate the interfacial behaviour of fibre/matrix in composites.

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6

Gupta, M., R. C. Alderliesten, and R. Benedictus. "Crack paths in fibre metal laminates: Role of fibre bridging." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 108 (August 2013): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2013.03.020.

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7

Russo, Angela, Andrea Sellitto, Salvatore Saputo, Valerio Acanfora, and Aniello Riccio. "Cross-Influence between Intra-Laminar Damages and Fibre Bridging at the Skin–Stringer Interface in Stiffened Composite Panels under Compression." Materials 12, no. 11 (June 7, 2019): 1856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12111856.

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In this paper, the skin–stringer separation phenomenon that occurs in stiffened composite panels under compression is numerically studied. Since the mode I fracture toughness and, consequently, the skin–stringer separation can be influenced by the fibre bridging phenomenon at the skin–stringer interface, in this study, comparisons among three different material systems with different fibre bridging sensitivities have been carried out. Indeed, a reference material system has been compared, in terms of toughness performance, against two materials with different degrees of sensitivity to fibre bridging. A robust numerical procedure for the delamination assessment has been used to mimic the skin–stringer separation. When analysing the global compressive behaviour of the stiffened panel, intra-laminar damages have been considered in conjunction with skin–stringer debonding to evaluate the effect of the fibre and matrix breakage on the separation between the skin and the stringer for the three analysed material systems. The latter are characterised by different toughness characteristics and fibre bridging sensitivities, resulting in a different material toughness.

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8

Kapeliotis, Markos, Rebeca Alejandra Gavrila Laic, Alvaro Jorge Peñas, Jos Vander Sloten, Pieter Vanden Berghe, Nele Famaey, and Bart Depreitere. "Collagen fibre orientation in human bridging veins." Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 19, no. 6 (June 13, 2020): 2455–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-020-01349-w.

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9

Hsueh, C. H. "Matrix cracking with frictional bridging fibres in continuous fibre ceramic composites." Journal of Materials Science 30, no. 7 (April 1995): 1781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00351610.

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10

Hsueh, C. H. "Matrix cracking with frictional bridging fibres in continuous fibre ceramic composites." Journal of Materials Science 30, no. 19 (October 1995): 4793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01154487.

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11

Ma, Yu E., and Shuang Yun. "Study on a Numerical Calculation Method of Fatigue Behavior in Glare Panel." Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (November 2012): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.121.

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GLARE (Aluminium with glass fibres) has become known since it was successfully and widely used in aircraft structure for its excellent fatigue and damage tolerance behavior. In this study, fatigue testing samples with 3/2 Glare were designed according to the standard. The finite element method was used to build the numerical model of the sample; the fibre bridging was modeled and the bridging stress was calculated. The delamination growth behavior can be predicted based on the energy release rate. This numerical method considered both damage modes (fatigue and delamination) at the same time.

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12

Cheng, Y. H., Lu Nian Chun, and Li Xin-gang. "Dynamic Crack Propagation Problems of Fibre-Reinforced Concrete." Advances in Civil Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/971472.

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Applying the built dynamic crack model of fibre concrete, bridging fiber segment is substituted by loads. When a crack propagates its fiber continues to break. By the approaches of the theory of complex functions, the problems dealt with can be translated into Riemann-Hilbert problems. Analytical solutions of the displacements, stresses, and dynamic stress intensity factors under the action of of moving variable loads and , respectively, are attained by the ways of self-similar measures. After those analytical solutions are utilized by superposition theorem, the solutions of arbitrary complex problems can be obtained.

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13

Dunne, N. J., R. O’Hara, F. Buchanan, and J. Orr. "Effect of Liquid/Powder Ratio on the Setting, Handling and Mechanical Properties of Collagen–Apatitic Cements." Key Engineering Materials 493-494 (October 2011): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.415.

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Due to their insufficient mechanical stability and brittle nature, calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) have not been used for the treatment of vertebral fractures. Mechanical stability of human bone is provided by a complex interaction of type I collagen fibres and hydroxyapatite crystals. In the present study, fibre reinforcement of an apatitic calcium phosphate prepared at different liquid/powder ratio (LPR) was investigated. Different lengths of type I collagen fibres sourced from bovine Achilles tendon were used. Compressive strength and fracture behaviour were examined. Fibre addition of up to 5 wt.% had a significant influence on the compressive properties of the CPC. The mechanism of fibre reinforcement appeared to be crack bridging. Setting time and injectability of the CPC with fibre reinforcement was also investigated and decreased with fibre volume fraction. Increasing the LPR, improved the injectability and delayed the setting reaction. However, the compressive properties of the hardened cement were reduced as a consequence.

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14

Sørensen, Bent F., E. Kristofer Gamstedt, Rasmus C. Østergaard, and Stergios Goutianos. "Micromechanical model of cross-over fibre bridging – Prediction of mixed mode bridging laws." Mechanics of Materials 40, no. 4-5 (April 2008): 220–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2007.07.007.

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15

Selvadurai, A. P. S. "Crack-bridging in a unidirectionally fibre-reinforced plate." Journal of Engineering Mathematics 68, no. 1 (March 16, 2010): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10665-010-9365-0.

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16

Li, V. C., H. Stang, and H. Krenchel. "Micromechanics of crack bridging in fibre-reinforced concrete." Materials and Structures 26, no. 8 (October 1993): 486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02472808.

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17

Ranjbarian, Majid, Xiaomeng Ma, and Viktor Mechtcherine. "Influence of Crack Width in Alternating Tension–Compression Regimes on Crack-Bridging Behaviour and Degradation of PVA Microfibres Embedded in Cement-Based Matrix." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 4189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184189.

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The use of high-performance polymeric microfibres in enhancing the ductility of cementitious composites is widespread. A vivid example is the application of strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCCs) in the construction industry. However, there are a few challenges which need to be addressed with respect to material design. For instance, the ductility of SHCC diminishes under alternating tension–compression loading, where the fibres lose their crack-bridging capacity due to specific damage mechanisms. The damage development and its influence on crack-bridging capacity have been studied in previous works by the authors. The paper at hand focuses on the influence of crack width on the crack-bridging capacity of polymeric microfibres in conjunction with the number of cycles in an alternating tension–compression regime with different cyclic compressive force levels. It shows that bridging capacity can be markedly influenced by crack width: an increase in crack width leads to more severe damage to the fibres and thus to lower crack-bridging capacity. Then, after analysing the specimens by means of electron microscopy, a hypothesis is presented to address the effect of crack width on damage development. Finally, a simple approach is proposed for estimating the influence of different parameters on fibre degradation.

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18

Blok, Lourens, Marco Longana, and Benjamin Woods. "Fabrication and Characterisation of Aligned Discontinuous Carbon Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastics as Feedstock Material for Fused Filament Fabrication." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 4671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204671.

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In this work, aligned discontinuous fibre composite (ADFRC) tapes were developed and investigated as precursors for a novel 3D printing filament. ADFRCs have the potential to achieve mechanical performance comparable to continuous fibre reinforced composites, given sufficient fibre length and high level of alignment, and avoid many of the manufacturing difficulties associated with continuous fibres, e.g., wrinkling, bridging and corner radii constraints. Their potential use for fused filament fabrication (FFF) techniques was investigated here. An extensive down-selection process of thermoplastic matrices was performed, as matrix properties significantly impact both the processing and performance of the filament. This resulted in four candidate polymers (ABS, PLA, Nylon, PETG) which were used to manufacture ADFRC tapes with a Vf of 12.5% using the high performance discontinuous fibre (HiPerDiF) technology and an in-house developed continuous consolidation module. Tensile stiffness and strength up to 30 GPa and 400 MPa respectively were recorded, showing that a discontinuous fibre filament has the potential to compete with continuous fibre filaments.

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19

Bennett, J. A., and R. J. Young. "The effect of fibre–matrix adhesion upon crack bridging in fibre reinforced composites." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 29, no. 9-10 (January 1998): 1071–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-835x(98)00045-1.

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20

Sierra Beltran, M. G., and Erik Schlangen. "Wood Fibre Reinforced Cement Matrix: A Micromechanical Based Approach." Key Engineering Materials 385-387 (July 2008): 445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.385-387.445.

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In this paper a micromechanics-based design is proposed for the development of a material with enhanced ductility and flexural strength combined with low production cost. The composite performance is described by 11 micromechanical properties of the system consisting of cement matrix, fibres and fibre-matrix interface. Most of these properties are defined through laboratory tests. A strain-hardening behaviour with multiple microcracks prior to failure is is the goal for the composite with enhanced ductility. The amount and size of the fibres needed for bridging the microcracks as well as the composition of the cement matrix will be determined in order to achieve this behaviour.

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21

Vijayalakshmi, Ramalingam, and Srinivasan Ramanagopal. "Experimental Investigation Into Banana Fibre Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Masonry Prism Sandwiched with GFRP Sheet." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 30, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2020-0017.

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AbstractThis paper presents the stress-strain behaviour of Natural Banana microfibre reinforced Lightweight Concrete (LWC) prisms under axial compression. The compressive strength of masonry is obtained by testing stack bonded prisms under compression normal to its bed joint. LWC blocks of cross-sectional dimensions 200 mm x 150 mm were used to construct the prism with an overall height of 630 mm. Three series of specimens were cast; (a) prism without Banana fibre (control), (b) prism with Banana microfibres, (c) prism with Banana microfibres sandwiched with Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) sheets. Natural Banana fibres were used as structural fibre reinforcement at different volume fractions (VF). The results indicate that the presence of fibres helps to improve the strength, stiffness, and ductility of LWC stack bonded prisms under compression. The test results also indicate that banana fibre reinforcement provides an improved crack bridging mechanism at both micro and macro levels. The GFRP sandwiched prism specimens exhibited excellent ductility and load-carrying capacity resulting from improved plastic deformation tolerance under compression and bonding between the LWC block and GFRP sheet.

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22

Dassios, Konstantinos G. "A Review of the Pull-Out Mechanism in the Fracture of Brittle-Matrix Fibre-Reinforced Composites." Advanced Composites Letters 16, no. 1 (January 2007): 096369350701600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350701600102.

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The current work addresses the role of damage mechanisms such as interfacial debonding, crack deflection, bridging and sliding during fracture of a brittle-matrix fibre-reinforced composite with respect to their energy dissipation capacity and their impact on the pull-out mechanism. The aim of the paper is to explain why fibre failure is preferably concentrated within the matrix environment to give rise to the pull-out mechanism and not within the crack flanks where fibre stress is maximum. Two approaches, mechanics of materials and fracture mechanics, are invoked to demonstrate that pull-out is triggered and dominated primarily by the fibres’ surface flaw distribution rather than by fibre strength. The origins of pull-out are also explained in terms of statistics and the identified failure pattern of fibres in composites is discussed in view of its implications to experimental practice. The implications of the findings are summarized in a current need for a deeper investigation into the micromechanics of reinforcement in composites, the role of surface flaws and the interface as well as in the competing roles of strength and flaw size.

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23

Kaute, D. A. W., H. R. Shercliff, and M. F. Ashby. "Delamination, fibre bridging and toughness of ceramic matrix composites." Acta Metallurgica et Materialia 41, no. 7 (July 1993): 1959–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(93)90366-z.

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24

Yueguang, Wei, and Yang Wei. "Post-microbuckling of fibre bridging kink bands under compression." Acta Mechanica Sinica 9, no. 1 (February 1993): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02489160.

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25

Anyfantis, K. N., and N. G. Tsouvalis. "Characterization of Fiber Bridging in Mode II Fracture Growth of Laminated Composite Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 24-25 (June 2010): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.24-25.245.

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The present study involves an experimental and analytical investigation of the Mode II delamination propagation and the fibre bridging effects incorporated in the Fracture Process Zone (FPZ). End Notch Flexure (ENF) specimens from a unidirectional glass/epoxy composite material have been fabricated and tested. In order to construct the fracture resistance curve (R-curve) of the ENF tests, three different data reduction schemes have been utilized. The fibre bridging effects in the FPZ have been addressed with the use of traction-separation laws, as extracted from the corresponding calculated R-curves. These laws can be used to describe the constitutive relationship in interface finite elements, for the numerical modelling of delamination growth in laminated composite structures.

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26

Le, Linh A., Giang D. Nguyen, Ha H. Bui, Abdul H. Sheikh, and Andrei Kotousov. "Incorporation of micro-cracking and fibre bridging mechanisms in constitutive modelling of fibre reinforced concrete." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 133 (December 2019): 103732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2019.103732.

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27

Preuss, M., G. Rauchs, T. J. A. Doel, A. Steuwer, P. Bowen, and P. J. Withers. "Measurements of fibre bridging during fatigue crack growth in Ti/SiC fibre metal matrix composites." Acta Materialia 51, no. 4 (February 2003): 1045–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6454(02)00508-6.

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28

Lawcock, Glyn, Lin Ye, and Yiu-Wing Mai. "Damage Progression in Carbon Fibre Reinforced Metal Laminates." Advanced Composites Letters 3, no. 5 (September 1994): 096369359400300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359400300503.

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Penetrant X-ray radiography and C-scan techniques were used to study the damage progression in Carbon Fibre Reinforced Metal Laminates (FRMLs) with saw-cuts and circular cut-outs. The differences in damage growth in the two types of specimens were observed and crack-bridging in the saw-cut specimens was identified via chemical removal of the aluminium.

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29

Zhang, J. "Crack bridging model for fibre reinforced concrete under fatigue tension." International Journal of Fatigue 23, no. 8 (September 2001): 655–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-1123(01)00041-x.

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30

Kullaa, J. "Analysis of elastic fibre bridging in the multiple cracked composite." Journal of Materials Science 31, no. 1 (1996): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00355127.

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31

Kaute, Daniel A. W., Hugh R. Shercliff, and Michael F. Ashby. "Modelling of fibre bridging and toughness of ceramic matrix composites." Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia 32, no. 7 (April 1995): 1055–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-716x(95)00074-6.

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32

Prakash, R., S. Marwah, S. C. Goel, and S. M. Tuli. "Carbon fibre reinforced epoxy implants for bridging large osteoperiosteal gaps." Biomaterials 9, no. 2 (March 1988): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(88)90123-8.

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33

Harun, Zawati, Noor Hasliza Kamarudin, Mustaffa Ibrahim, Maizlinda Izwana Idris, and Sufizar Ahmad. "Reinforced Green Ceramic Shell Mould for Investment Casting Process." Advanced Materials Research 1087 (February 2015): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1087.415.

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The development of thin ceramic shell mould in investment casting process is very crucial as this mould inherited brittle property and highly exposed to the cracking mechanism. The slurry composition produces green (unfired) ceramic shell mould which low in strength and easily crack or fail during wax removal or handling process. By strengthening of this brittle ceramic shell mould via reinforcement technique can enhance the strength of green shell mould body. In this work, the presence of the treated rice husk fibre have toughened the green shell mould by creating mechanical interlocking bonding in shell matrix which contributes to higher modulus rupture value. In fact, SEM observations showed that the addition of fiber to the ceramic body to form a composite shell mould prevent the crack propagation mechanism due to the existence of the matrix-fibre bridging which create the resistance of fiber to pull-out. This directly will increase the strength of green shell mould body. .

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34

Tsay, Ruey-Yug, and Sheldon Weinbaum. "Viscous flow in a channel with periodic cross-bridging fibres: exact solutions and Brinkman approximation." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 226 (May 1991): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112091002318.

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A general solution of the three-dimensional Stokes equations is developed for the viscous flow past a square array of circular cylindrical fibres confined between two parallel walls. This doubly periodic solution, which is an extension of the theory developed by Lee & Fung (1969) for flow around a single fibre, successfully describes the transition in behaviour from the Hele-Shaw potential flow limit (aspect ratio B [Lt ] 1) to the viscous two-dimensional limiting case (B [Gt ] 1, Sangani & Acrivos 1982) for the hydrodynamic interaction between the fibres. These results are also compared with the solution of the Brinkman equation for the flow through a porous medium in a channel. This comparison shows that the Brinkman approximation is very good when B > 5, but breaks down when B [les ] O(1). A new interpolation formula is proposed for this last regime. Numerical results for the detailed velocity profiles, the drag coefficient f, and the Darcy permeability Kp are presented. It is shown that the velocity component perpendicular to the parallel walls is only significant within the viscous layers surrounding the fibres, whose thickness is of the order of half the channel height B′. One finds that when the aspect ratio B > 5, the neglect of the vertical velocity component vz can lead to large errors in the satisfaction of the no-slip boundary conditions on the surfaces of the fibres and large deviations from the approximate solution in Lee (1969), in which vz and the normal pressure field are neglected. The numerical results show that the drag coefficient of the fibrous bed increases dramatically when the open gap between adjacent fibres Δ′ becomes smaller than B′. The predictions of the new theory are used to examine the possibility that a cross-bridging slender fibre matrix can exist in the intercellular cleft of capillary endothelium as proposed by Curry & Michel (1980).

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35

HU, X., and Y. MAI. "Mode I delamination and fibre bridging in carbon-fibre/epoxy composites with and without PVAL coating." Composites Science and Technology 46, no. 2 (1993): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-3538(93)90170-l.

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36

Song, Meimei, Ke Wu, and Yihua Dou. "Durability of GFRC Modified by Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement under Elevated Curing Temperatures." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (December 28, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2915684.

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CSA/GFRC is an advanced composite material possessed with great ductility and durability. However, its bending performance and fibre condition, as well as intrinsic microstructural changes, under elevated temperature have not been understood so far. XRD was applied in this study to investigate the hydration mechanism of CSA cement under 50°C, 70°C, and 80°C. Bending performance was carried out to test the toughness of CSA/GFRC. SEM was applied to observe the underlying microstructural changes of CSA/GFRC under different curing regimes. It was found out that there was a gradual degradation of both ultimate tensile strength and ultimate strain of CSA/GFRC with elevated curing temperature and curing age, but glass fibre still shows considerable ability to carry stress alone by bridging cracks. Microstructural studies showed that, at accelerated temperatures of 50°C and 70°C, the space between fibres remained empty in general only with some hydration products adhering to the fibre surface occasionally. At a higher accelerated curing temperature of 80°C, densification of the interfilamentary spaces by larger and clustered hydration products can be observed at longer curing ages, causing the fibres to lose parts of the flexibility. Therefore, it can be concluded that densification of interfilamentary spaces may have a greater role to play in the strength degradation of CSA/GFRC than mechanisms associated with fibre weakening caused by chemical corrosion.

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37

Kozák, Vladislav, and Zdeněk Chlup. "Modelling of Fibre-Matrix Interface of Brittle Matrix Long Fibre Composite by Application of Cohesive Zone Method." Key Engineering Materials 465 (January 2011): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.465.231.

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Ceramic matrix composites reinforced by unidirectional long ceramic fibre are very perspective materials. The only disadvantage of such materials is relatively high brittleness at room temperature. The main micromechanism acting as toughening mechanism is the pull out. There are other mechanisms as crack bridging, crack deflection etc. but the primer mechanism is mentioned pull out which is governed by interface between fibre and matrix. The contribution shows a way how to predict and/or optimise behaviour of composite by application of cohesive zone method using the FEM numerical package Abaqus. The presented results from numerical calculations are compared with experimental data.

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Gu, Bin, Hong Yuan Liu, and Yiu Wing Mai. "Effect of Input Electric Field on Fatigue Degradation of Piezoelectric Fibre Bridging Force." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.593.

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Based on our previous model on piezoelectric fibre pullout, the effects of electric input and piezoelectric parameters on the fatigue degradation on piezoelectric fibre bridging force are discussed. Numerical results indicate that an electric field can promote or impede the degradation, depending on its direction. It is also shown that piezoelectric parameters play important roles on the degradation. Also, comparisons between the effects of electric load and piezoelectric parameters on fatigue degradation of pullout force and those on pullout force obtained in previous work are carried out.

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39

Fan, Chengye, P. Y. Ben Jar, and J. J. Roger Cheng. "Internal-Notched Flexure Test for Measurement of Mode II Delamination Resistance of Fibre-Reinforced Polymers." Journal of Composites 2013 (December 10, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/695862.

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This paper introduces a new test, method, named internal-notched flexure (INF) test, that is designed to measure the critical energy release rate of fibre-reinforced polymers for delamination growth in shear mode (mode II). The INF test generates stable delamination growth, with a monotonic increase of load and displacement in a nearly linear fashion. Values of the mode II delamination toughness were deduced using experimental compliance fitting method. Good repeatability of the results was obtained. Compared with the end-notched flexure (ENF) test using the same material, the INF test yielded higher delamination resistance, possibly due to the bridging fibres found between fracture surfaces of the INF test specimens.

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Morais, AB de. "Beam analysis of the double cantilever beam specimen with fibre bridging." Journal of Composite Materials 49, no. 14 (June 6, 2014): 1681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998314539024.

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CHAN, K. "Effects of interface degradation on fibre bridging of composite fatigue cracks." International Journal of Fatigue 16, no. 3 (April 1994): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-1123(94)90048-5.

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Bhat, Sunil, and S. Narayanan. "Quantification of fibre bridging in Mode I cracked Glare without delaminations." European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids 43 (January 2014): 152–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2013.09.005.

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43

Lindhagen, J. E., E. K. Gamstedt, and L. A. Berglund. "Application of bridging-law concepts to short-fibre composites Part 3: Bridging law derivation from experimental crack profiles." Composites Science and Technology 60, no. 16 (December 2000): 2883–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-3538(99)00177-3.

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Bollet, F., C. Galiotis, and M. J. Reece. "Determination of Stress Distribution in Fibre Bridged Cracks in Ceramic Matrix Composites." Advanced Composites Letters 3, no. 4 (July 1994): 096369359400300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359400300402.

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Laser Raman Spectroscopy is being used to characterise interfacial properties and stress concentration in bridging fibres of a glass ceramic matrix composite. The preliminary results show that the stress distribution along fibres can be mapped. This technique will therefore assist the understanding of the fracture and fatigue behaviour of these materials.

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Liu, Huanrong, Xiaoqing Wang, Xiubiao Zhang, Zhengjun Sun, and Zehui Jiang. "In situ detection of the fracture behaviour of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) by scanning electron microscopy." Holzforschung 70, no. 12 (December 1, 2016): 1183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2016-0003.

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Abstract The remarkable fracture toughness of bamboo culms is highly attributed to the proper embedding of the stiff fibre caps of the vascular bundles into the soft parenchyma matrix. In this study, the fracture behaviour of small specimens of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) in tension and bending were investigated in situ with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to visualise crack initiation and propagation within bamboo tissues and its interactions with the structural components (fibres and parenchyma tissues). Fracture surfaces were studied by field-emission SEM. The fracture of bamboo in either tension or bending was non-catastrophic, and cracks propagated in a tortuous manner with massive interfacial delamination. The stiff fibre bundles played an important role in restraining crack propagation, acting as bridges to inhibit cracks opening and also as “crack stoppers” inducing extensive crack-deflections. Microstructural analysis of the fractured surfaces revealed that substantial interfacial debonding, sliding and fibre pull-outs occurred at various length scales, which are believed to be effective in dissipating the crack energy. The synergistic effects of crack-deflection, crack-bridging and interfacial debonding are regarded to be mainly responsible for the remarkable fracture toughness of bamboo.

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Cantwell, W. J., G. Broster, and P. Davies. "The Influence of Water Immersion on Skin-Core Debonding in GFRP-Balsa Sandwich Structures." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 15, no. 11 (November 1996): 1161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073168449601501107.

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A new test technique has been developed in order to characterise the skincore interfacial properties of a series of fibre reinforced sandwich structures similar to those presently being used in the marine industry. The technique involves peeling the lower surface skin away from the core in a controlled fashion. Four different glass fibre reinforced epoxy/balsa structures have been tested and the effect of incorporating various skin-core interlayers assessed. Tests were also undertaken on specimens that had been immersed in seawater for a period of forty-five days. The results indicate that the fracture energies associated with skin-core debonding are relatively high, typically 1000 J/m2. It has also been shown that neither a pre-treatment of the balsa core nor the incorporation of a layer of CSM fibres resulted in an improvement in the fracture energy of the interfacial region. Immersion in seawater for forty-five days resulted in a significant increase in the fracture toughness of this region. A subsequent examination of the fracture surfaces showed that fibre bridging between the GFRP skin and the balsa core was more extensive in the soaked samples.

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Lindhagen, J. E., and L. A. Berglund. "Application of bridging-law concepts to short-fibre compositesPart 1: DCB test procedures for bridging law and fracture energy." Composites Science and Technology 60, no. 6 (May 2000): 871–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-3538(00)00004-x.

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Sinclair, R., M. Preuss, E. Maire, J. Y. Buffiere, P. Bowen, and P. J. Withers. "The effect of fibre fractures in the bridging zone of fatigue cracked Ti–6Al–4V/SiC fibre composites." Acta Materialia 52, no. 6 (April 2004): 1423–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2003.11.024.

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Khan, Rafiullah, René Alderliesten, Liaojun Yao, and Rinze Benedictus. "Crack closure and fibre bridging during delamination growth in carbon fibre/epoxy laminates under mode I fatigue loading." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 67 (December 2014): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.08.028.

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Lindhagen, J. E., and L. A. Berglund. "Application of bridging-law concepts to short-fibre compositesPart 2: Notch sensitivity." Composites Science and Technology 60, no. 6 (May 2000): 885–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-3538(99)00109-8.

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