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1
Do, Nhi Thi, Hop Quang Tran, Hanh Thi My Diep, and Vi Thi Vi Do. "Study on properties of composites polyurethane foam reinforced by bamboo fiber." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 4 (2016): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i4.693.
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This study focuses on the development and characterization of polyurethane/bamboo fiber composites foams which have the specific properties to participate both in the thermal insulation and regulation of the humidity inside the building. The polyurethane foam reinforced by bamboo fibers (5–20 wt%) were produced to investigate the mechanical test, the morphological characterization and thermal properties. The result from mechanical test showed that the compressive strength was increased at 5 wt % of bamboo fiber. Likewise, the effects of the fibre diameter and nature of bamboo fibers on some properties (compressive test, thermal analyses, surface morphology) of bamboo fibre reinforced rigid polyurethane foam were studied. The bamboo Gai and Luong fibres result in composites with better mechanical strength than the other fiber composites.
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N., Ramya, and J. Banu Priya Dr. "Extraction and Characterization Study on Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum Residual- A Sustainable Fibre for Textile Application." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 18, no. 15 (2025): 1239–47. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v18i15.415.
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Abstract <strong>Objective:</strong> Currently, most research in the textile field focuses primarily on developing new eco-friendly fibres extracted from plants and their residues, which are incorporated into various textile products. This study investigates the extraction, characterization, and analysis of fibres derived from the roots of Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum. This vegetation was selected due to its widespread cultivation as food ingredient; however, its roots are non-consumable and are typically discarded as landfill waste. Therefore, we selected this and examine the potential of these fibres for textile applications. <strong>Methods:</strong> Residues were collected from fields, and fibres were extracted using the water retting method. Subsequently, fibre characterization was conducted to analyse their properties. <strong>Findings:</strong> Fibre characterization include fibre identification, structural analysis, and elemental composition, examined using FESEM and EDX analysis. The presence of chemical groups and the percentage of chemical groups and the percentage of chemical compounds in the fibres were determined using FTIR and chemical composition test. The crystallographic structure was analysed using XRD, a peak point found at 22.09ɵ position, revealing a crystallinity index of 78.82%. Thermal stability and melting point under heat exposure were assessed using TGA, which showed a residual mass of 26.97% and DTA which determined a melting point of 436.00C. Additionally, fibre toxicity was evaluated through an in vitro cytotoxicity test, which indicated 94% cell viability in PBS extract and 89% cell viability in cottonseed oil extract. <strong>Novelty:</strong> This study details the extraction of fibres from the agro-residue of Allium cepa.L.var.aggregatum, a material that has not been previously utilized for textile applications. It evaluates the structural thermal, mechanical and biocompatibility properties to assess its suitability for textile applications. <strong>Keywords</strong>: Agro- residual, Fibre extraction, Fibre characterization study, Fibre chemical analysis, Thermal stability, Sustainable textile fibre
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Ramya, N., and Dr J. Banu Priya. "Extraction and Characterization Study on Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum Residual- A Sustainable Fibre for Textile Application." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 18, no. 15 (2025): 1239–47. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v18i15.415.
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Objective: Currently, most research in the textile field focuses primarily on developing new eco-friendly fibres extracted from plants and their residues, which are incorporated into various textile products. This study investigates the extraction, characterization, and analysis of fibres derived from the roots of Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum. This vegetation was selected due to its widespread cultivation as food ingredient; however, its roots are non-consumable and are typically discarded as landfill waste. Therefore, we selected this and examine the potential of these fibres for textile applications. Methods: Residues were collected from fields, and fibres were extracted using the water retting method. Subsequently, fibre characterization was conducted to analyse their properties. Findings: Fibre characterization include fibre identification, structural analysis, and elemental composition, examined using FESEM and EDX analysis. The presence of chemical groups and the percentage of chemical groups and the percentage of chemical compounds in the fibres were determined using FTIR and chemical composition test. The crystallographic structure was analysed using XRD, a peak point found at 22.09ɵ position, revealing a crystallinity index of 78.82%. Thermal stability and melting point under heat exposure were assessed using TGA, which showed a residual mass of 26.97% and DTA which determined a melting point of 436.00C. Additionally, fibre toxicity was evaluated through an in vitro cytotoxicity test, which indicated 94% cell viability in PBS extract and 89% cell viability in cottonseed oil extract. Novelty: This study details the extraction of fibres from the agro-residue of Allium cepa.L.var.aggregatum, a material that has not been previously utilized for textile applications. It evaluates the structural thermal, mechanical and biocompatibility properties to assess its suitability for textile applications. Keywords: Agro- residual, Fibre extraction, Fibre characterization study, Fibre chemical analysis, Thermal stability, Sustainable textile fibre
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Dineth S. Samarawickrama. "Characterization and Properties of Sri Lankan Coir Fibre." CORD 26, no. 1 (2010): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v26i1.134.
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This study mainly concentrated on revealing the scientific data on the properties of Sri Lankan coir fibre and classifying them into different grades based on scientific parameters instead of visual observations to establish quality specifications for the coir fibre industry in Sri Lanka. Critical parameters were studied for suitability of the industrial applications. Size distribution and average length of different fibres were determined by the frequency distribution method, to be used as industrial oriented parameters. The weighted average breaking load of coir fibre was determined using the universal tensile strength tester.
 As per the result, coir fiber has an elongation property of about 20-28%. Also, coir fibre is a highly resilient natural fibre and Omat coir fibre had the highest value among other coir fibre types. Porous microstructure of the coir fibre was observed through the scanning electron microscopy and hygroscopic characteristics described according to the structure. The moisture equilibrium values of coir fibre in Sri Lanka were observed at 15-18% and it was achieved by sun drying. This moisture levels avoid the heavy condensation during transportation particularly in countries with cold climate. Properties of coir fibre found in the study were used in the establishment of the National Quality Standard specifications for mechanically extracted coir fibre in Sri Lanka.
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N, Raja, and Raju S. "Extraction and Characterization of Bismarck Palm Fibres." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 15, no. 47 (2022): 2680–89. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v15i47.1624.
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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> A novel natural cellulose bismarck palm fibre (BPF) has been discovered and extracted from the leaf stalk of its tree. Physical, chemical, mechanical, and thermal characterizations have been conducted in this current study. <strong>Methods:</strong> A water retting method was employed for the extraction of BPFs. The diameter of BPF was assessed using an optical microscope image analyzer. A single fibre tensile test method was employed to calculate the tensile strength of BPF. The thermal behaviour of BPF was evaluated using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). A scanning electron microscope was utilized to evaluate the surface morphological structure of the BPF. <strong>Findings:</strong> The BPF has a fibre fineness of 819 denier, a mean diameter of 0.3636 mm, a density of 0.98 g/cc, cellulose content of 70.71%, hemi cellulose of 34.89%, lignin of 12.88%, wax of 0.30%, ash of 2.13 %, moisture of 10.80 %, pectin of 3.08 %, a mean breaking tensile strength of 904 MPa, mean breaking elongation of 6.4 %, and Young’s modulus of 28.6 GPa, respectively. It is evident that the thermal analysis of BPF was thermally sustainable up to 268 ◦C. The results ensure that the BPF is the anticipated reinforcement of fibre-reinforced composite materials. SEM images revealed that cross section of BPF sample and rugged surface along the length of the fibre. <strong>Novelty:</strong> The higher cellulose percentage content of BPF samples has significantly shown better mechanical behaviour and thermal stability. This characterization evidenced that it is an outstanding alternative natural cellulose fibre for Eleusine indica grass fibres, Saccharum Bengalense fibres, Leucas Aspera fibres, Catharanthus roseus fibres, and Tridax procumbens fibres and also for synthetic fibres. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Bismarck palm fibre; Natural cellulose fibre; Extraction; Characterization; Tensile strength
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Ahmed, Mansur, Md Saiful Islam, Qumrul Ahsan, and Md Mainul Islam. "Fabrication and Characterization of Unidirectional Silk Fibre Composites." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.20.
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Natural fibres offer a number of benefits as reinforcement for synthetic polymers since they have high specific strength and stiffness, high impact strength, biodegradability etc. The aim of this study is to fabricate and determine the performance of unidirectional silk fibre reinforced polymer composites. In the present initial study, alkali treated silk fibres were incorporated as reinforcing agent, while a mixture of 20% maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) and commercial grade polypropylene (PP) was used as matrix element. The unidirectional composites were fabricated by using hot compression machine under specific pressure, temperature and varying fibre loading. Tensile, flexural, impact and hardness tests were carried out by varying silk fibre volume fraction. Composites containing 45% fibre volume fraction had higher tensile and flexural strength, Young’s modulus and flexural modulus compared to other fabricated composites including those with untreated silk fibres. SEM micrographs were taken to examine composite fracture surface and interfacial adhesion between silk fibre and the matrix. These micrographs suggested less fibre pull out and better interfacial bonding for 40% fibre reinforced composites.
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N. Shalom. "Characterizing Senna Alata Fiber and Echinochloa Frumentacea Leaf Fiber: A Novel Approach for Composite Applications." Recent Research Reviews Journal 2, no. 1 (2023): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/rrrj.2023.1.17.
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The characterization of natural fibres is used in the domain of materials science and engineering with the objective of generating new environmentally acceptable bio-composites. The purpose of this study is to create and characterize a bio-composite reinforced with Senna Alata fibre and Echinochloa frumentacea fiber. This study analyzes the mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics of the fibre. The physicochemical research indicated that the fibre has an excellent average density of 1270 kg/m3. In fact, Senna Alata Fiber (SAF) tensile strength ranges from 2300 to 5479 MPa and Echinochloa frumentacea leaf fiber -EFLFs tensile strength ranges from 204.32 14.25 MPa. As a result, the current study suggests that SAF and EFLF can be used as reinforcing materials with maximum specific characteristics as well as minimal environmental impact in the manufacturing of bio- composite.
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Sumithra, Murugesan, and Gayathri Murugan. "Extraction and characterization of natural fibres form Elettaria Cardamomum." Tekstilna industrija 69, no. 2 (2021): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2102030s.
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Natural fibres are one of the good alternative sources for replacing synthetic fibres and reinforcing polymer matrices because of their eco-friendly nature. The present study was undertaken to investigate the fibres extract from Elettaria Cardamomum plant. The extracted Elettaria Cardamomum fibre was treated with NaOH for softening. Natural cellulose fibres extracted from Elettaria Cardamomum stems (ECS) have been characterized for their chemical composition and physical properties.The chemical composition of Elettaria Cardamomumstems (ECS) fi bres is, cellulose 60.44%, lignin 25.25%, wax 0.53%, ash 5.45%. Regarding physical properties of the fibres, single fibre strength was evaluated and the result was compared with cotton fibre and linen fibre.
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Alagarsamy, Muralikrishnan, P. Pitchipoo, and Senthil Kumar. "Comprehensive characterization of spathe fibres extracted from Cocos nucifera: physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties for insulation applications." Materials Research Express 11, no. 7 (2024): 075503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad5f08.
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Abstract In this study, a complete characterization of fibres extracted from the spathe of the Cocos nucifera plant and the properties of spathe fibres are compared with coir fibre extracted from the outer husk of coconut. Coconut spathe fibre is available as bio waste in bulk. The spathe fibres were carefully extracted, pre-treated with NaOH, and porous nonwoven fibre mat were prepared. The physical properties of spathe fibres were measured as per ASTM standards, and average length, diameter, and linear density were found to be 222 mm, 330 μm, and 58.85 tex, respectively. Chemical compositions, XRD analysis, single fibre tensile strength and elongation, morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal characterization by TGA were also carried out. Spathe fibres treated with NaOH resulted in a 5% reduction in crystallinity index and more surface unevenness and pits. Developing acoustic insulation fibre mat from spathe fibre is a first-of-its-kind study. The sound absorption coefficient of the spathe fibre mat obtained from the impedance tube tester brings out a maximum absorption coefficient of 0.950 at 3150 Hz. The results were compared with coir fibre extracted from the outer husk of coconut and concluded that coconut spathe fibre is a suitable alternative for synthetic and other natural fibres.
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Zegeye, Lejalem Haile. "Extraction and Characterization of Dracaena fragrans Leaf Fibre." Textile & Leather Review 7 (March 22, 2024): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31881/tlr.2023.202.
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Textile industries have recently become prevalent environmental pollutants as a result of natural inconsistencies and resource scarcity. As a remedy, using natural fibres for textile production is strongly encouraged. Dracaena fragrans is an Ethiopian plant with lingo-cellulosic fibres that can be used for textile applications. This study focuses on the extraction and characterization of Ethiopian Dracaena fragrans leaf fibre and evaluates its application in the textile industry. For fibre extraction, water, 10% NaOH, 1% H2O2, EDTA di (with 1.5% and 1%, respectively), 0.2% pectinase (presoak), 0.05% alpha-amylase (for 24 hours, 18 hours, and 12 hours retting), and 5% gel retting methods were utilized. Subsequently, the properties of extracted fibre, mainly fibre length, fineness, tenacity, elongation at break, and degree of whiteness, were evaluated. Longer fibres (46 ± 0.74 cm) were obtained by pectinase retting. Comparatively, finer (11.22 ± 0.64 dtex) fibres were obtained by the water retting method. Fibre with the best tenacity (54.51 ± 0.61, 53.54 ± 0.60, and 52.53 ± 0.61) was obtained by EDTA di (1%), 5% gel retting and water retting methods respectively. On the other hand, higher elongation at break (7.28 ± 0.78%) was obtained by 0.05% alpha-amylase retting with a retting time of 24 hours. And finally, the best fibre whiteness (w* = 71) was obtained by 1% H2O2 retting. Long fibres obtained by the pectinase retting method can be used for the production of packaging sacks and hessians. Fibres obtained by the water retting method can be used for the production of linen fabrics such as lace and sheeting. On the other hand, high-tenacity fibres extracted using (1%) EDTA di retting and 5% gel retting methods can be used for the production of cloths, bags, and shoes. Finally, a highly extensible fibre extracted using α-amylase (24 hours retting) can be used for the production of sports clothes.
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Singh, Jaspinder. "A Comparative Study of the Experimental Investigation of different types of fibres used in Concrete." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30247.
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Different types of fibres used in concrete have received much attention in civil engineering in recent years, mainly because they improve the low tensile strength and shrinkage cracks of concrete. However, there are still many problems in the research results on different types of Fibers. For example, there is still debate about the performance-enhancing or detrimental effects of different types of fibres in concrete. There is also a dispute about the influence of the size, strength, elastic modulus and other characteristic parameters of each fibre on the properties of the substrate. Research on fibre mixing rules of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete (HFRC) is incomplete. There is controversy regarding the choice of fibres for hybrid yarns as well as the characterization of the hybrid effect. In summary, it is necessary to review, synthesize and compare current research on FRC. Based on the major research achievements on FRC in recent years, this article synthesizes and evaluates existing research in experimental research and theoretical research on different types of fibre materials, aiming to create Reference conditions for researchers in the same field. Finally, combined with research experience in related fields, new perspectives and proposals on FRC's research are proposed for research and application. This research paper is mainly focus on the different fibres (glass, cotton, steel). KEYWORDS:- GLASS FIBRE, COTTON FIBRE, STEEL FIBRE, TENSILE STRENGTH, COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH,
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Daud, Zawawi, Halizah Awang, Angzzas Sari Mohd Kassim, Mohd Zainuri Mohd Hatta, and Ashuvila Mohd Aripin. "Cocoa Pod Husk and Corn Stalk: Alternative Paper Fibres Study on Chemical Characterization and Morphological Structures." Advanced Materials Research 911 (March 2014): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.911.331.
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Due to a shortage of wood source fibre in paper making industrys interest to agriculture residues fibre as a potential fibre sources in this industry. In this situation, importance has been developing in the paper industry from agriculture residue that will replace the wood fibre. Cocoa pod husk and Corn stalk are agriculture residues, which is good materials for paper production. The objectives of this study are to investigate the chemical characterization and surface morphology structure of these materials. The main components of materials which are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash content were parameters that involved in determination of chemical characterization in this study. The determination of chemical composition was accordance to Kurshner-Hoffner approach (cellulose), Chlorine Method (hemicellulose), T 222 om-06 (lignin) and T 211 om-07 (ash content). Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the surface structure of materials. From results obtained, corn stalk shows the higher amount in cellulose (39%) and hemicellulose (42%) content compared to the cocoa pod husk. In addition, lower lignin content also obtained in Corn stalk (7.3%) rather than that Cocoa pod husk (14.7%). From Scanning electron microscopy images, Corn stalk and Cocoa pod husk contained abundance lignocellulosic and rough surface structure due to the untreated materials. The result either chemical characterization or surface morphology that obtained in Corn stalk and Cocoa pod husk fibre wastes can be used successfully as an alternative fibres sources in papermaking application.
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Roldan-Juarez, Jesús, Franklin Lozano, Virgilio Machaca, and Rubén Pinares. "Variación de porcentaje de fibras meduladas y colorimetría en fibra blanca de alpaca Huacaya y Suri." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 35, no. 4 (2024): e28778. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v35i4.28778.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the variability of the percentage of medullated fibres, according to sex and location and to compare the colorimetric characteristics in white fibre from Huacaya and Suri alpaca. The study was carried out in two communities (Juntaya in the Oropesa district and San Juan in the Sabaino district) in the province of Antabamba, Apurímac region (Peru), located between 3950 and 4543 meters above sea level. In total, 451 (Huacaya = 410 and Suri = 41) fibre samples (10 g) were taken from the mid side area. The medullated fibres (%) and the mean fibre diameter (µm) were evaluated using the Fiber Med device. For the colour analysis, a spectrometer coupled to an integrating sphere was used and for the characterization of the chemical bands, an FTIR spectrophotometer. The percentage of total medullation, continuous medullation and strongly medullated fibres were greater in female Huacaya alpacas (p<0.01). The mean diameter of medullated and non-medullated fibres differed depending on the location, while the mean fibre diameter and mean diameter of medullated fibres were higher in males (p<0.01). The colorimetric parameters of luminosity (L*), chromaticity (C*) and tone (Hº) were similar (p>0.05) in the fibres of the two groups of alpacas. In conclusion, in Huacaya alpaca there is variability in the percentage of continuous medullation and mean fibre diameter, depending on sex and location, but the colorimetric characteristics of white fibres are like those of the Suri.
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Ilczyszyn, Florent, Abel Cherouat, and Guillaume Montay. "Effect of Hemp Fibre Morphology on the Mechanical Properties of Vegetal Fibre Composite Material." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.485.
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The hemp fibres present specific fibre morphology and a complex non homogeneous cross section which changes in function of the location along the fibre length. Thus the mechanical properties of hemp fibres request a specific characterization method. In this study, firstly, a digital treatment method was developed allowing to consider different geometrical modelling methods: homogeneous or non-homogenous cross section, average global cross section, and cross section measured at the rupture location, including a 3D CAD model reconstruction of the fibre.
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Stevulova, Nadezda, Viola Hospodarova, Vojtech Vaclavik, Tomas Dvorsky, and Tomas Danek. "Characterization of cement composites based on recycled cellulosic waste paper fibres." Open Engineering 8, no. 1 (2018): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2018-0046.
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AbstractNowadays, there is paying an attention to the utilization of natural, renewable and biodegradable resources of raw materials of lignocellulosic character, residues from agricultural crops and wood processing as well as waste from papermaking industry in building composite materials preparing. Also recycled fibres coming from waste paper are considered as valuable material. The objective of this study is to utilize these recycled cellulosic fibres into cement composites and characterise their impact on resulting physical and mechanical properties of fresh and hardened cement composites. Manufactured cement composites contained 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.5% addition of cellulosic fibres. In fresh fibre cement mixtures reduction in workability with increasing amount of cellulose fibres was noticed. Density as well as compressive and flexural strength of 28 and 90 days hardened fibre cement composites was tested. Distribution of cellulosic fibres with 0.5% addition in hardened fibre cement composites was also observed. The results of density determination of 28 and 90 days hardened fibre cement composites showed reduction in their values related to weight lighter concretes. Compressive strengths of fibre cement composites have shown decreasing character with increasing added amount of cellulosic fibres into the mixture up to 0.5%. Maximal decrease in compressive strength values was observed in composites containing 0.5% of cellulosic fibres. However, obtained strength parameter values of hardened composites had satisfying results for their application in construction as non-load bearing building material.
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Schledjewski, Ralf, Luisa Medina, and Alois K. Schlarb. "Mechanical and Morphological Characterization of Selected Natural Fibres." Advanced Composites Letters 15, no. 2 (2006): 096369350601500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350601500202.
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The present work aims to characterize the morphological and mechanical properties of hemp and kenaf fibres. The mechanical properties of natural fibres highly depend on many factors like soil, growth conditions, harvest time or fibre treatment. Since the mechanical properties of the composite are highly conditioned by the characteristics of the fibres, a comprehensive study of the mechanical properties of the fibres is required in order to optimize the composite's properties. The fibres were characterized by single fibre tensile testing. Due to the high standard deviation of the measurements, the tensile strength data were statistically assessed. To describe strength data the Weibull distribution function was used. It has been assumed that the fracture stresses of natural fibres are distributed according to the two-parametric Weibull distribution.
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Davies, Richard J., Christian Riekel, Krzysztof K. Koziol, Juan J. Vilatela, and Alan H. Windle. "Structural studies on carbon nanotube fibres by synchrotron radiation microdiffraction and microfluorescence." Journal of Applied Crystallography 42, no. 6 (2009): 1122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889809036280.
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This study reports on the characterization of a carbon nanotube fibre using synchrotron radiation microbeam small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering in combination with microfluorescence. The fibre, spun directly from a chemical vapour deposition reaction zone, is imaged in terms of microstructural heterogeneities. The results reveal a fibre consisting of highly oriented nanotube bundles and unoriented carbonaceous material. Within the oriented component there is a variable orientation distribution and evidence of differences in nanotube packing. Single catalyst crystallites can be located within the fibre from their wide-angle X-ray scattering signal, and the particulate distribution imaged using X-ray microfluorescence. Whilst this study only constitutes a preliminary analysis, it demonstrates the application of existing fibre characterization methods to new materials. It also highlights the potential of synchrotron radiation micro- and nanobeam small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering and microfluorescence for the study of fibres of a few µm diameter.
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W.A.Onuh, E.U.Akanimo, J.O.Sifon, and A.H.Abdullahi. "Development and Evaluation of Hybrid Biocomposites from Luffa and Banana Fibres for Below the Knee Prosthetic Leg Socket." International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research 12, no. 2 (2025): 242–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15064219.
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<strong>Abstract:</strong> The research work, “Development and Evaluation of Hybrid Biocomposites from Luffa and Banana fibres for below the knee prosthetic leg socket” was successfully carried out. Hybrid composites are one of the emerging fields in polymer science that are gaining attention for application in various sectors, such as health, building, aeronautic and automotive. In this study, Luffa and banana fibres were extracted and evaluated. Their characteristics were reported as potential alternative for harmful synthetic fibres (glass/carbon fibres) for below the knee prosthetic leg socket. Luffa and banana fibres were manually extracted and treated using 0.1mol solution of NaOH for 2 hours at room temperature. After the preliminary characterization, the treated and dried luffa/banana fibres were used to develop composites of woven banana fibre mat (WBF) and hybrid biocomposites of luffa particles (LP) and woven banana fibres (WBF) mat reinforced epoxy resin composites in predetermined proportions using the simple hand lay-up method. The composites were prepared according to America Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) standards and investigated for some mechanical properties. The treated and dried luffa/banana fibres were characterized using fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), and tensile strength. From the characterization tests, it was observed that (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of the different functional groups of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin absorbed on the structures of the fibres. X-ray diffraction and chemical composition characterization of treated banana fibre (TBF) showed two main diffraction peaks at angles approximately 16.12 and 23.14<sup>0</sup> corresponding to (100) and (170) lattice respectively. Crystallite size (1.45nm) of TBF minimizes water absorption. EDX spectrum of treated luffa fibre (TLF) showed a higher amount of iron intensity (90.66%) and calcium (80.13%) as the two main components in the chemical chain structure of cellulose. The maximum tensile strength was obtained at 38.5MPa for treated banana fibre. Entirely the aforementioned outcomes ensured that the WBF is the expected reinforcement to the fiber-reinforced composite materials in the application of prosthetic leg socket. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Characterization tests, Mechanical properties, Luffa fibre, Banana fibre, Hybrid composites, Epoxy. <strong>Title:</strong> Development and Evaluation of Hybrid Biocomposites from Luffa and Banana Fibres for Below the Knee Prosthetic Leg Socket <strong>Author:</strong> W.A.Onuh, E.U.Akanimo, J.O.Sifon, A.H.Abdullahi <strong>International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research </strong> <strong>ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)</strong> <strong>Vol. 12, Issue 2, October 2024 - March 2025</strong> <strong>Page No: 242-251</strong> <strong>Research Publish Journals</strong> <strong>Website: www.researchpublish.com</strong> <strong>Published Date: 21-March-2025</strong> <strong>DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15064219</strong> <strong>Paper download Link (Source)</strong> <strong>https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/development-and-evaluation-of-hybrid-biocomposites-from-luffa-and-banana-fibres-for-below-the-knee-prosthetic-leg-socket</strong>
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Li, Hui, Yan Fei Zhang, Ya Qing Liu, Gui Zhe Zhao, and Rui Kui Du. "Study on Preparation and Properties of Ramie Fiber Reinforced Composites." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.203.
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Ramie fibres were surface treated in order to enhance the interfacial interaction between ramie natural fibres and vinyl resin matrix. The fibres are exposed to three different treatment ways in this paper. The surface topography and binding force influenced by the treatments were characterized by contact angle and mechanical property. Single fibre pull-out tests combined with SEM characterization of the fracture surfaces were used to identify the interfacial strengths and to reveal the mechanisms of failure.
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Ilczyszyn, Florent, Abel Cherouat, and Guillaume Montay. "Mechanical Modeling of Hemp Fibres Behaviour Using Digital Imaging Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 423 (December 2011): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.423.143.
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These last years, hemp fibres are using as reinforcement for compounds based on polymer in different industrial manufacturing for their interesting mechanical and ecological properties. The hemp fibres present a non constant cross section and complex geometry that can have a high effect on their mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of hemp fibres (Young moduli, longitudinal stress and failure strain) are rather difficult and request a specific characterization method. In this study, a micro-traction test coupled with a numerical imaging treatment and a finite elements method are used. The mechanical tensile test allows to determinate the evolution of the traction load in function of the displacement until the fibre crack. The numerical imaging allows to measure finely the hemp cross section along the fibre and aims to reconstruct a 3D hemp fibre object model from an image sequence captured by a mobile camera. And lastly, the finite elements method allows to take the real fibre geometry into consideration for the mechanical characterization using inverse optimization simplex method.
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Panthapulakkal, S., and M. Sain. "Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibril Films from Wood Fibre and Their Thermoplastic Polycarbonate Composites." International Journal of Polymer Science 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/381342.
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The aim of this study was to develop cellulose-nanofibril-film-reinforced polycarbonate composites by compression molding. Nano fibres were prepared from wood pulp fibres by mechanical defibrillation, and diameter distribution of the fibres produced was in the range of 1–100 nm. Nanofibre films were prepared from the nanofibre suspensions and were characterized in terms of strength properties, crystallinity, and thermal properties. Strength and modulus of the nano fibre films prepared were 240 MPa and 11 GPa, respectively. Thermal properties of the sheets demonstrated the suitability of processing fibre sheets at high temperature. Tensile properties of the films subjected to composite-processing conditions demonstrated the thermal stability of the fibre films during the compression molding process. Nanocomposites of different fibre loads were prepared by press-molding nano fibre sheets with different thickness in between polycarbonate sheet at 205°C under pressure. The tensile modulus and strength of the polycarbonate increased with the incorporation of the fibres. The strength of the thermoplastic increased 24% with 10% of the fibres and is increased up to 30% with 18% of the fibres. Tensile modulus of the polycarbonate demonstrated significant enhancement (about 100%).
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Cao, Yongjian, Felisa Chan, Ying-Hei Chui, and Huining Xiao. "Characterization of flax fibres modified by alkaline, enzyme, and steam-heat treatments." BioResources 7, no. 3 (2012): 4109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.7.3.4109-4121.
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Flax fibres are being considered as an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic fibres in fibre-reinforced polymer composites due to their low density, biodegradability, and high mechanical strength. Previous work has found that the surface properties of natural fibres can be modified by chemical treatment and other treatment methods. This study focused on the effect of different treatments using alkaline, enzyme, and steam-heat, respectively, on some surface characteristics of flax fibre, e.g. physical, chemical, and thermal stability. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), treated fibres were observed to have smoother surfaces than untreated fibres. Chemical composition of fibres was found to be modified after treatment as characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The crystallinity index and thermal stability of flax fibres were increased after certain treatments as determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The wettability of treated fibre by water was improved compared to the untreated sample.
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Ishaya, Awari A., Augustine U. Elinwa, and Isah Y. Mohammed. "Water Hyacinth Plant Fibre Characterization." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XI, no. IX (2024): 1172–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2024.1109098.
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This work is on the specie of the water hyacinth (WH) in the Northern part of Nigeria taken from the lake in Jalingo in the Sahel region of the country. The basic characteristics of the fibres are studied for use in concrete and other allied construction works. They are subjected to physical and chemical tests for the determination of their properties. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy are applied to study the crystalline phases and mineral oxides, and the morphology and structural characteristics of the WHFs. The TGA/DTA and FTIR methods of analysis are applied to the WHFs to identify and investigate the thermal stability and percentage of weight loss on temperature, and the SEM for the morphology and structural characteristics of the WH fibre. The results show that the presence of peaks on the spectra of the cellulose samples corresponds to bands of microcrystalline cellulose. The WH plant fibre has a moisture content of approximately 13.7 %, density of 666.7 kg/m3, specific gravity of 0.86, and water absorption of 1067 %, and the cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin are 14.1, 21.5, 7.1 %, respectively. The WH fibre has a tensile strength of 0.12 MPa, Young Modulus of 7.7 GPa, elongation of 4.8 %, tensile extension at break of 2.89 mm, and energy at break of 1.04 x 10-3 J. The XRD diffractogram characterization shows that the WH fibre is crystalline in nature, while the FT-IR shows the functional group change of each treatment respectively. The thermal decomposition process of the WH fibre resulted in similar TG and DTG curves due to being lignin cellulosic material. These curves showed a distinct DTG peak (cellulose) and a high-temperature tail (lignin). The morphology of WH fibre shows a well-shaped fibril with a rigid lignin structure coated surface with the capacity to hold the liquid contents with good absorbency. The chemical compound compositions of the WH fibre contains Ca, K, Cl, C, Al, Si, Fe, S, Y, Ti, P, Mg, Na, and N.
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Ichim, Mariana, Lucia Stelea, Ioan Filip, Gabriela Lisa, and Emil Ioan Muresan. "Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of Coir Fibre–Reinforced Polypropylene Biocomposites." Crystals 12, no. 9 (2022): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12091249.
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In recent years, the growth of environmental awareness has increased the interest in the development of biocomposites which are sustainable materials with an excellent price–performance ratio and low weight. The current study aimed to obtain and characterize the biocomposites prepared by thermoforming using coir fibres as reinforcing material and polypropylene as matrix. The biocomposites were produced with different coir fibres/polypropylene ratios and were characterized by physical–mechanical indices, thermal analysis, crystallinity, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and chromatic measurements. Both tensile and bending strength of biocomposites decreased when the coir fibre content increased. The melting temperature of biocomposite materials has decreased with the increase of the coir fibre loading. Regarding the thermal stability, the weight loss and degradation temperature increased with decreasing coir fibre content. The ATR-FTIR and SEM analyses underlined the modifications that took place in the structure of the biocomposites by modifying the coir fibres/matrix ratio.
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Diyana, Z. N., R. Jumaidin, M. Z. Selamat, R. H. Alamjuri, and Fahmi Asyadi Md Yusof. "Extraction and Characterization of Natural Cellulosic Fiber from Pandanus amaryllifolius Leaves." Polymers 13, no. 23 (2021): 4171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13234171.
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Pandanus amaryllifolius is a member of Pandanaceae family and is abundant in south-east Asian countries including Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and India. In this study, Pandanus amaryllifolius fibres were extracted via a water retting extraction process and were investigated as potential fibre reinforcement in polymer composite. Several tests were carried out to investigate the characterization of Pandanus amaryllifolius fibre such as chemical composition analysis which revealed Pandanus amaryllifolius fibre’s cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content of 48.79%, 19.95% and 18.64% respectively. Material functional groups were analysed by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis confirming the presence of cellulose and amorphous substances in the fibre. The morphology of extracted Pandanus amaryllifolius fibre was studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Further mechanical behaviour of fibre was investigated using a single fibre test with 5 kN cell load and tensile strength was found to be 45.61 ± 16.09 MPa for an average fibre diameter of 368.57 ± 50.47 μm. Meanwhile, moisture content analysis indicated a 6.00% moisture absorption rate of Pandanus amaryllifolius fibre. The thermogravimetric analysis justified the thermal stability of Pandanus amaryllifolius fibre up to 210 °C, which is within polymerization process temperature conditions. Overall, the finding shows that Pandanus amaryllifolius fibre may be used as alternative reinforcement particularly for a bio-based polymer matrix.
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Aloka, N. A. Kaushi, R. A. Jayasinghe, G. Priyadarshana, and A. H. L. R. Nilmini. "Influence of Fibre Loading on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Fibre Reinforced Polyethylene Composites." Asian Journal of Chemistry 36, no. 8 (2024): 1772–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.31699.
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Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), an invasive aquatic weed, threatens ecosystems by rapidly spreading across water surfaces. However, this study investigates its potential as a fibre source for various applications. Decorticated water hyacinth fibres were mixed into a polyethylene matrix at different weight ratios (0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 12.5%). The resulting composites underwent thorough physico-mechanical characterization. Tensile strength showed a non-linear relationship with fibre content with the 5% fibre composite exhibiting the highest strength at 8.6 MPa. Fractographic analysis revealed the strength reduction was due to poor interfacial bonding. Flexural and impact strength increased with higher fibre content, peaking at 10.07 MPa and 26 J m-1, respectively, in the 12.5% fibre composite. Composite hardness rose from 43.9 to 45.5 Shore D with fibre inclusion, while density decreased. Moisture absorption and flammability increased with fibre content. This study highlights the potential of water hyacinth fibre reinforcement in polymer composites.
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Shivanshu, Dixit, and K. Mishra R. "A Comprehensive Study on Extraction, Characterization and Fabrication of Natural Fiber - Polymer Composites & Nano-Composites." Abstracts of International Conferences & Meetings (AICM) 1, no. 2 (2021): 5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4876598.
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<strong>Abstract:</strong> With the advances in material science and process engineering, environment-friendly and biodegradable materials are gaining a lot of popularity and usability. A four-fold increase is seen in areas of R&D’s and industries in terms of bio-friendly materials. Particularly, when composite materials are appreciated as an alternative to conventional engineering materials, natural fiber-reinforced composite (NFRC) has the edge over synthetic fibers reinforced composites (FRC) in terms of biocompatibility and environmental concerns. Some handpick advantages like low density, natural abundance, economical, least environmental impact, and versatile application potentials make NFRC’s viable in many fields. However, moisture absorption and poor fiber-matrix interface are some hiccups in the development and performance of NFRC’s. While efforts are made by both industries and researchers in the escalation of mechanical performance and structural capabilities for such materials, this review aims to provide an overview of the NFRC material. The study expanse included here is the process of extracting natural fibers from the source, physical-mechanical properties of these fibers, and their selection. NFRC’s- matrix types, composite fabrication, the response in static and dynamic conditions, mechanical strength, electrical and thermal properties, etc. are included in this review. Aspects of NFRC nanocomposite is also covered here in this article. NFRC and nano-NFRC biomaterials have the potential to equalize in terms of structural material used in a variety of sectors like household structures, construction, automobile, aerospace, biotechnology, while the scope of improvement and applicability of such biocomposite needs more attention. <strong>Key words: </strong><em>Natural fibre, Composite, Bio-degradability, Nano-composite, Fiber extraction</em> <strong>References </strong> Jawaid MH, Khalil HA. Cellulosic/synthetic fibre reinforced polymer hybrid composites: A review. Carbohydrate polymers. 2011 Aug 1;86(1):1-8. Jawaid M, Khalil HA, Bakar AA. Woven hybrid composites: Tensile and flexural properties of oil palm-woven jute fibres based epoxy composites. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2011 Jun 15;528(15):5190-5. Fahmy TY, Mobarak F. Nanocomposites from natural cellulose fibers filled with kaolin in presence of sucrose. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2008 Jun 10;72(4):751-5. Pickering KL, Efendy MA, Le TM. A review of recent developments in natural fibre composites and their mechanical performance. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2016 Apr 1;83:98-112.
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Babu, Maram Suresh, and M. L. S. Deva Kumar. "Mechanical characterization of kenaf natural fiber reinforced polymer composite with terminalia chebula filler." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2837, no. 1 (2024): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2837/1/012024.
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Abstract This paper presents the mechanical characterization of a novel composite material comprising Kenaf fiber reinforced epoxy polymer with Terminalia chebula filler. There is more interest in using natural fibres and bio-fillers in polymer composites due to the need for environmentally acceptable and sustainable products. Terminalia chebula, a bio-filler rich in phenolic compounds, is coupled with the high strength and low density of kenaf fibre composite to improve mechanical qualities and provide sustainability. This study investigates the effect of chemical treatment and the addition of filler on the tensile strength and flexural strength of the composite.
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Schwarzová, Ivana. "Investigation of Observed Changes in Treated Hemp Hurds." GeoScience Engineering 62, no. 3 (2016): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2016-0021.
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Abstract The effort to achieve sustainable development using renewable materials instead of limited ones is the current trend in the construction industry. Need for the development of environmentally friendly products is related to industrial interest in using natural plant fibres as reinforcement in composites. The combination of organic filler and inorganic matrix creates high-quality products such as fibre boards and composites. Industrial hemp fibres are one of the mostly used natural fibres and due to their unique mechanical, thermal insulation, acoustic and antiseptic properties have a great potential in composite materials. However, improving the interfacial bond between fibre and matrix is an important factor in fibre-reinforced composites. Optimizing the adhesion between fibre and inorganic matrix is related to surface treatment processes. This paper deals with morphology characterization, study changes in the chemical composition and structure of hemp fibres using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) before and after physico-chemical treatment.
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THINAKARAN, NARAYANAN, Abd Razak Jeefferie, Ahmad Azmi, and Tamri NorJamallulail. "CHARACTERIZATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED POLYPROPYLENE REINFORCED DRIED BANANA LEAVES DEGRADABLE COMPOSITES." Skills Malaysia Journal Vol 4, No.1 Dis 2018, eISSN (2021): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5069141.
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The need for environmentally favourable contamination and the avoidance of non-renewable and non-biodegradable materials has attracted researchers to pursue the acquisition of new eco-friendly resources and goods based on sustainability values in the rapidly growing worldwide [1]. Among the several artificial materials that have been investigated as an alternative to iron and steel for use in automobiles, plastics account for a sizable portion [2]. Natural fibres appear to be the astonishing materials of the future, offering a realistic and abundant solution for the pricey and non-renewable synthetic fibre [3]. Natural fibres offer unmatched advantages over synthetic reinforcement materials, including low cost, low density, non-toxicity, equivalent strength, and minimal waste disposal issues[1]. Throughout the last century, research on filled plastic syntheses has garnered considerable attention in order to address the plastic materials shortage [1]. The current experiment involves the formulation of banana fibre reinforced recycled polypropylene composites and the analysis of these composites. The composite samples with varied fibre loadings of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% were created utilising a melting device and injection moulding technique. Mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact testing were performed on the samples. Laboratory study using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to examine fibre matrix interfaces and determine cracked surfaces' shape. The study determined that the finest fibre loading required for the composite to operate optimally was 30% by weight. ASTM streamlined this process further.
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Manis, Frank, Jakob Wölling, and Klaus Drechsler. "Damage Behaviour of Fibre Reinforced Materials Induced by High Temperature Oxidation for Optimisation of Thermal Recycling Routes." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 1088–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.1088.
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This study summarizes different characterisation methods performed with new carbon fibres(vCF - virgin carbon fibres) for structural applications as carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP)as well as fiber samples which have been treated under different conditions. These parameters consistof combinations of temperature (400-600 C) and dwell time (30 - 60 min) in an oxidising atmospherein order to provide a fundamental basis for the definition of possible recycling processes to regain thehigh value raw material, i.e. the carbon fibre, after the use-phase of the initial CFRP-structure. The investigationsthat were performed on vCF and secondary fibres (rCF - recycled CF) show in very goodagreement, that below 500 C almost no degradation of the fibre is visible, between 500 and 600 C arapid decrease in different physical and mechanical properties occurs and above 600 C a recovery ofthe fiber in terms of a secondary use in high performance structural context seems not to be feasible.The investigations that were performed consist of optical microscopy for the measurement of the fibrediameter, the deformation of the cross section and a statistical analysis. The second method appliedwas the characterization of the monofilament density, alongside to the breaking force and elongation,leading to the calculation of tensile strength and Youngs Modulus and further statistical analysis ofWeibull Modulus and its decrease over temperature.
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Tan, Ting, and Brian Ribbans. "A bioinspired study on the compressive resistance of helicoidal fibre structures." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 473, no. 2206 (2017): 20170538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2017.0538.
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Helicoidal fibre structures are widely observed in natural materials. In this paper, an integrated experimental and analytical approach was used to investigate the compressive resistance of helicoidal fibre structures. First, helicoidal fibre-reinforced composites were created using three-dimensionally printed helicoids and polymeric matrices, including plain, ring-reinforced and helix-reinforced helicoids. Then, load–displacement curves under monotonic compression tests were collected to measure the compressive strengths of helicoidal fibre composites. Fractographic characterization was performed using an X-ray microtomographer and scanning electron microscope, through which crack propagations in helicoidal structures were illustrated. Finally, mathematical modelling was performed to reveal the essential fibre architectures in the compressive resistance of helicoidal fibre structures. This work reveals that fibre–matrix ratios, helix pitch angles and interlayer rotary angles are critical to the compressive resistance of helicoidal structures.
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Greco, Antonio, Alfonso Maffezzoli, Giuseppe Buccoliero, Flavio Caretto, and Giacinto Cornacchia. "Thermal and chemical treatments of recycled carbon fibres for improved adhesion to polymeric matrix." Journal of Composite Materials 47, no. 3 (2012): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998312440133.
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The aim of this study is the characterization of recycled carbon fibres, in view of their potential application in long-fibre reinforced thermoplastic composite. The fibres were obtained from epoxy matrix composite panels, applying a patented process that includes the pyrolisis of the matrix followed by an upgrading of the fibres. Then, recycled fibres were further subjected to thermal and acid treatments in order to modify their surface morphology and chemistry. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry were used to characterize the morphological and compositional changes of the fibre surface. The fibres were characterized in terms of mechanical properties and adhesion to an epoxy matrix. The fibres treated by thermal processes at high temperatures (600°C) were shown to be too severely damaged, making them unsuitable for the production of fibre-reinforced composites. A thermal treatment at lower temperatures (450°C) involved a very limited damaging without any evident chemical modification of the fibre surface, which in turn involved a limited increase of the adhesion properties to an epoxy matrix. Chemical treatment by nitric acid caused a very limited damage of fibres, coupled with a significant modification of surface chemistry, which in turn involved a further increase of the fibre/matrix adhesion properties.
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Giacobbe, Carlotta, Jonathan Wright, Dario Di Giuseppe, Alessandro Zoboli, Mauro Zapparoli, and Alessandro Gualtieri. "Synchrotron Nano-Diffraction Study of Thermally Treated Asbestos Tremolite from Val d’Ala, Turin (Italy)." Minerals 8, no. 8 (2018): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8080311.
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Nowadays, due to the adverse health effects associated with exposure to asbestos, its removal and thermal inertization has become one of the most promising ways for reducing waste risk management. Despite all the advances in structure analysis of fibers and characterization, some problems still remain that are very hard to solve. One challenge is the structure analysis of natural micro- and nano-crystalline samples, which do not form crystals large enough for single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), and their analysis is often hampered by reflection overlap and the coexistence of multiple fibres linked together. In this paper, we have used nano-focused synchrotron X-rays to refine the crystal structure of a micrometric tremolite fibres from Val d’Ala, Turin (Italy) after various heat treatment. The structure of the original fibre and after heating to 800 °C show minor differences, while the fibre that was heated at 1000 °C is recrystallized into pyroxene phases and cristobalite.
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De Aloysio, Giulia, Mattia Morganti, Luca Laghi, et al. "Characterization in expected working environments of recyclable fire-resistant materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 349 (2021): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134901009.
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This study focuses on the development of multi-material solutions for fire-resistant structural materials for transport and thermal insulation in the construction field. Special attention was paid to combining recyclable and bio-mass derived raw materials without interfering with an easy end-of-life separation, recycling and reuse. Fire-resistant biomass derived resins were associated with basalt derived Mineral Fibres (BDMF) in the form of prepregs, which were studied as semi-finished materials. Fire-resistance was obtained by associating these prepregs with thin gres tiles in the case of fire-resistant thermal insulating facades and with aluminum layers (giving origin to Fibre Metal Laminates-FML) in the case of structural components for transport applications. Thermophysical characterization of the solutions was carried out to assess both thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. Fire resistance tests were performed on FML to determine the number of Al layers needed to ensure fire resistance. Results suggest that fire resistance depends primarily on the number of Al layers, rather than on their thickness. Accelerated ageing tests (salty mist and freeze-thaw) were executed to predict durability in the expected working conditions. Results suggest a durability issue in FML with preceramic interface in salty environments.
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Karlsson, Páll, Simon Haroutounian, Michael Polydefkis, Jens R. Nyengaard, and Troels S. Jensen. "Structural and functional characterization of nerve fibres in polyneuropathy and healthy subjects." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 10, no. 1 (2016): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2015.08.007.
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AbstractObjectivesQuantification of intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) is an important small fibre measure in distal symmetric polyneuropathies (DSP), but quantitative evaluation of additional structural and functional factors may help in elucidating the underlying mechanisms, and in improving the diagnostic accuracy in DSP. The literature reports a weak or moderate relationship between IENFD and spontaneous and evoked pain in neuropathies, but the relationship between functional and structural small fibre parameters in patients with DSP is unclear. The objectives of the current study, therefore, were to determine morphological and functional parameters related to small nerve fibres in subjects with distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) and healthy controls, and to characterize the interplay among these parameters in these two groups.Materials and Methods17 patients with painful DSP (≤4 on 0-10 numerical rating scale) and with symptoms and signs of small fibre abnormality (with or without large fibre involvement) and 19 healthy control subjects underwent comprehensive functional and structural small fibre assessments that included quantitative sensory testing, response to 30 min topical application of 10% capsaicin and analysis of skin biopsy samples taken from the distal leg (IENFD, epidermal and dermal nerve fibre length densities (eNFLD, dNFLD) using global spatial sampling and axonal swelling ratios (swellings/IENFD and swellings/NFLD)).ResultsDSP patients had reduced sensitivity to cold (median -11.07°C vs. -2.60, P<0.001) and heat (median 46.7 vs. 37.70, P<0.001), diminished neurovascular (median 184 vs. 278 mean flux on laser Doppler, P=0.0003) and pain response to topical capsaicin (median 10 vs. 35 on 0-100 VAS, P=0.0002), and lower IENFD, eNFLD and dNFLD values combined with increased swelling ratios (all P< 0.001) compared to healthy controls. The correlation between structural and functional parameters was poor in DSP patients, compared with healthy controls. In healthy controls eNFLD and dNFLD, IENFD and eNFLD, IENFD and dNFLD all correlated well with each other (r = 0.81; P < 0.001, r = 0.58; P = 0.009, r = 0.60; P = 0.007, respectively). In DSP, on the other hand, only eNFLD and dNFLD showed significant correlation (r = 0.53, P = 0.03). A diagnostic approach of combined IENFD and eNFLD utilization increased DSP diagnostic sensitivity from 82.0% to 100% and specificity from 84.0% to 89.5%.ConclusionsThis study presents a rigorous comparison between functional and morphological parameters, including parameters such as eNFDL and dNFLD that have not been previously evaluated in this context. The correlation pattern between functional and structural small fibre parameters is different in patients with DSP when compared to healthy controls. The findings suggest a more direct relationship between structure and function of nerve fibres in healthy controls compared to DSP. Furthermore, the findings suggest that combining IENFD with measurement of NFLD improves the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of DSP.ImplicationsCombining small fibre parameters may improve the diagnostic accuracy of DSP.
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Dönitz, Antonia, Anton Köllner, Tim Richter, Oliver Löschke, Dietmar Auhl, and Christina Völlmecke. "Additive Manufacturing of Biodegradable Hemp-Reinforced Polybutylene Succinate (PBS) and Its Mechanical Characterization." Polymers 15, no. 10 (2023): 2271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15102271.
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The additive manufacturing of natural fibre-reinforced polymers is a pivotal method in developing sustainable engineering solutions. Using the fused filament fabrication method, the current study investigates the additive manufacturing of hemp-reinforced polybutylene succinate (PBS) alongside its mechanical characterization. Two types of hemp reinforcement are considered: short fibres (max. length smaller than 2 mm) and long fibres (max. length smaller than 10 mm), which are compared against non-reinforced (pure) PBS. A detailed analysis is performed regarding the determination of suitable 3D printing parameters (overlap, temperature, nozzle diameter). In a comprehensive experimental study, additionally to general analyses regarding the influence of hemp reinforcement on the mechanical behaviour, the effect of printing parameters is determined and discussed. Introducing an overlap in the additive manufacturing of the specimens results in improved mechanical performance. The study highlights that the Young’s modulus of PBS can be improved by 63% by introducing hemp fibres in conjunction with overlap. In contrast, hemp fibre reinforcement reduces the tensile strength of PBS, while this effect is less pronounced considering overlap in the additive manufacturing process.
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John, Luntsi, Kalu M. Kalu, Fatima Abubakar, Yahaya Abubakar, Rome Kenneth, and Peter Michael Dass. "Production and Characterization of Composite from Waste Faro Water Bottles and Groundnut Husk for Use as Egg Tray." Asian Journal of Current Research 8, no. 3 (2023): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/ajocr/2023/v8i38346.
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Composites of polyethene terephthalate (PET) and groundnut husk fibres were produced. Recently, the interest in using natural fibres in bio-composite materials has grown because they are non-toxic, low-cost, and easy to recycle. In this paper, we present the effects of different types of fibre treatments on the mechanical properties of PET as composite materials made from groundnut husk and plastic water bottles (Faro). Mechanical and physical tests were carried out on the PET-GH fibre composite, such as burning rate, water absorption, Meyer’s hardness, modulus of rupture and impact strength.
 Effects of percentage increase in PET and fibre on water absorption, burning rate, hardness, impact strength, and modulus of rupture were analyzed. SEM analysis was employed to study the morphology of the produced composite at different PET-GH loadings to establish the optimum interfacial adhesion of the polymer matrix.
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Oliveira, Matilde, Vitor Neves, and Mariana D. Banea. "Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Bamboo and Interlaminar Hybrid Bamboo/Synthetic Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites." Materials 17, no. 8 (2024): 1777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17081777.
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The main objective of this study was to investigate the mechanical and thermal properties of bamboo, as well as interlaminar hybrid composites reinforced with both bamboo and synthetic fibres in an epoxy matrix. Bamboo and glass, aramid, and carbon bidirectional fabrics were used with a bi-component epoxy matrix to fabricate the composite materials using the vacuum bagging process. The synthetic fabrics were placed on the outer layers, while the bamboo fabrics were used as the core of the hybrid composites. The developed composites were characterized and compared in terms of morphological, physical, and mechanical properties. Further, thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis was used to measure and compare the degradation temperature of the composites studied. Finally, a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed in order to examine the fracture surfaces of the specimens tested. It was found that the fibre hybridization technique significantly improved the general mechanical properties. TGA analysis showed an increase in the thermal stability of the composites obtained by incorporating the synthetic fibres, confirming the effect of hybridization and efficient fibre matrix interfacial adhesion. The results from this work showed that the use of synthetic fibre reinforcements can help to significantly improve the mechanical and thermal properties of bamboo fibre-reinforced composites.
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Hassan, Aziz, MR Mohd Isa, ZA Mohd Ishak, NA Ishak, Normasmira A. Rahman, and Fauzani Md Salleh. "Characterization of sodium hydroxide-treated kenaf fibres for biodegradable composite application." High Performance Polymers 30, no. 8 (2018): 890–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008318784997.
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Natural fibres have shown immense potential as reinforcement for composites in the place of conventional fibres. Natural fibres are lightweight, cheap and environmentally friendly. However, it is already established that natural fibres have poor interaction with polymers due to its hydrophilic nature, resulting in poor interfacial adhesion, which is detrimental to the properties of the composite. Chemical surface treatment has been done to improve the interfacial adhesion. Various concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and soaking times were employed, and the treated fibres were then characterized using thermogravimetric analyser, X-ray powder diffraction and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Single-fibre tensile tests were done on selected samples. The surface of the fibre was analysed with field-emission scanning electron microscope to study the surface morphology of the treated and untreated fibres. Generally, the treated fibres have higher thermal stability compared to untreated fibres. However, no significant trend was observed as a result of varying NaOH concentration and soak time. It was also observed that kenaf fibres treated with 4% (w/v) NaOH for 5 h exhibited the highest tensile modulus and tensile strength compared to other treated fibres. Impact properties of composites prepared from untreated and NaOH-treated kenaf were tested to confirm the finding, and it was determined that the treated kenaf composites have superior impact properties to its untreated counterpart.
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Basanti Chanu, Ngangkham, Binita Baishya Kalita, Sunita Boruah, and Mamoni Probha Borah. "A Comprehensive Study on Physicochemical, Mechanical Properties, and Characterization of Jute Fiber." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (2024): 138–48. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2024.1309.015.
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Jute is a natural fiber occupying second place in economic importance and industrial applications only after cotton. Jute fiber is one of the most common biodegradable natural fibers which successfully replaced the synthetic and glass fibers. Jute is a long, soft, shiny bast fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. The present experimental research is done to investigate the physicochemical, mechanical properties, and characterization of Jute fibre. It is observed that the jute fiber has cellulosed content of 54.81% and lignin content 12.4%. Tensile strength of the fiber is found to be 31.14 cN/tex with fiber elongation of 1.9%. These are important properties which effect on the functionality and utility of the end products. The fiber exhibits functional groups such as hydroxyl groups, aldehyde, stretching aromatic ester, primary alcohol, alkene, and halogen compounds in the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) spectra reveals fragile fracture with the presence of gummy and natural impurities as well as the outer epidermal layer of jute fibers. Jute fiber has several attractive advantages over synthetic and glass fiber like as low processing cost, low density, stiffness easily available, excellent mechanical properties, and low production energy required Jute fiber is widely used now-a-days both in the industry as well as in the manufacture of various value-added materials for domestic use.
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Liu, Lian, Krisada Daoruang, and Atiyot Sankaburanurak. "Preparation and Characterization of Bio-Fibre Based on the Biological Properties of Bougainvillaea, Loofah, and Aloe Vera." Textile & Leather Review 7 (November 26, 2024): 1377–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.31881/tlr.2024.159.
Full textAbstract:
This study is based on environmental sustainability and aims to explore the preparation and evaluation of biodegradable bio-fibre materials using discarded bougainvillaea, loofah, and aloe. After sorting and analyzing the existing literature, it is found that research on bougainvillaea, loofah, and aloe primarily focuses on environmental science, horticulture, biology, light industry, and pharmacy, while research on bio-fabric combining bougainvillaea, loofah, and aloe in two or three combinations remains unexamined. This study adopts both observational and experimental methods to identify candidate varieties suitable for natural dyeing by observing the characteristics of bougainvillaea and by preparing and testing bio-fibre materials through experimentation. Notably, the beet pigment found in bougainvillaea serves as a natural dye, the α-cellulose and hemicellulose in loofah sponge provide strong hydrophilicity, and the caffeic acid and rhamnolipids in aloe exhibit antioxidant and antibacterial properties, thereby improving the fabric’s safety. Experimental results and final bio fibre performance tests indicate that fibres made from these three plants have a stable internal structure, abrasion resistance of over 30,000 cycles, colour fastness concentrated at level 4, and a contact angle of less than 90°, thereby showing good stability, abrasion resistance, colour fastness, and hydrophilicity. Consequently, this study finds that bio-fibres prepared from bougainvillaea, loofah, and aloe demonstrate promising performance and are expected to contribute to the development of sustainable fibres in the future.
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Richely, Emmanuelle, Sylvie Durand, Alessia Melelli, et al. "Novel Insight into the Intricate Shape of Flax Fibre Lumen." Fibers 9, no. 4 (2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib9040024.
Full textAbstract:
Plant fibres and especially flax can be distinguished from most synthetic fibres by their intricate shape and intrinsic porosity called lumen, which is usually assumed to be tubular. However, the real shape appears more complex and thus might induce stress concentrations influencing the fibre performance. This study proposes a novel representation of flax fibre lumen and its variations along the fibre, an interpretation of its origin and effect on flax fibre tensile properties. This investigation was conducted at the crossroads of complementary characterization techniques: optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution X-ray microtomography (µCT) and mechanical tests at the cell-wall and fibre scale by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in Peak-Force Quantitative Nano-Mechanical property mapping (PF-QNM) mode and micromechanical tensile testing. Converging results highlight the difficulty of drawing a single geometric reference for the lumen. AFM and optical microscopy depict central cavities of different sizes and shapes. Porosity contents, varying from 0.4 to 7.2%, are estimated by high-resolution µCT. Furthermore, variations of lumen size are reported along the fibres. This intricate lumen shape might originate from the cell wall thickening and cell death but particular attention should also be paid to the effects of post mortem processes such as drying, retting and mechanical extraction of the fibre as well as sample preparation. Finally, SEM observation following tensile testing demonstrates the combined effect of geometrical inhomogeneities such as defects and intricate lumen porosity to drive the failure of the fibre.
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Cherradi, Youssef, Camelia Cerbu, Ioan Calin Rosca, et al. "Acoustic, Mechanical, and Thermal Characterization of Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA)-Based Wood Composites Reinforced with Beech and Oak Wood Fibers." Polymers 17, no. 2 (2025): 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17020142.
Full textAbstract:
Considering the growing need for developing ecological materials, this study investigates the acoustic, mechanical, and thermal properties of wood composites reinforced with beech or oak wood fibres. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a complex network of interconnected pores within the composite materials, with varying pore sizes contributing to the material’s overall properties. Acoustic characterization was conducted using a two-microphone impedance tube. The results revealed that the fibre size significantly impacts the sound absorption coefficient, demonstrating that the highest sound absorption coefficient of 0.96 corresponds to the composites reinforced with oak wood fibres with a size of 2 mm in the low-frequency range of 1000–2500 Hz. Mechanical testing revealed a significant reduction in compressive strength as fibre size increased from 0.4 mm to 2 mm, correlating with the observed changes in sound absorption and thermal properties. Thermal analysis indicated thermal conductivity (λ) values ranging from 0.14 to 0.2 W/m·K, with a notable increase in conductivity as fibre size decreased. It was shown that composites reinforced with beech or oak wood fibres with a size of 2 mm are recommendable for insulation materials due to the lowest thermal conductivity of 0.14 W/(m·K). Oak wood composites with a fibre size of 0.4 mm recorded the highest heat capacity, which is 54.4% higher than the one corresponding to the composites reinforced with the largest fibres. The results regarding heat diffusion rates are also reported. The findings about the effects of fibre size and pores on thermal, acoustic and mechanical properties provide valuable insights for designing sustainable materials, offering potential applications in industries where balanced performance across multiple properties is required.
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Gopika, P. J., Ninisha Babu, Ammu Dinakaran, Divya Vijayan, and T. K. Srinivasa Gopal. "Development and characterization of k-carrageenan (Kappaphycus alvarezii) incorporated bun." FOOD SCIENCE RESEARCH JOURNAL 11, no. 2 (2020): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/fsrj/11.2/120-129.
Full textAbstract:
Functional foods with elevated levels of fibre content are of high demand because of its several health benefits. A study was conducted for the development of fibre enriched bakery products. As a part of this study fibre enriched bun was developed using k-carrageenan (Kappaphycus alvarezii) as the source of fibre. The bun was prepared with the incorporation of various concentrations (2-8%) of -carrageenan powder. Comparative analyses of the physical, chemical, textural, structural and sensorial characteristics of bun were conducted. The highest concentration of k-carrageenan that was sensorily acceptable for incorporation in bun was 6 per cent, beyond which sensory parameters like taste and texture showed unacceptability. Radical scavenging activity assays revealed an improved activity with increased concentration of k-carrageenan.The shelf-life analysis of the sample was done after packing in low density polythene (LDPE) pouches. The present study has demonstratedthat k-carrageenan can be used as a competent constituent for the fortification of bun to utilize the health benefits of marine fibre.
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De Schoenmaker, Bert, Lien Van der Schueren, Özgür Ceylan, and Karen De Clerck. "Electrospun Polyamide 4.6 Nanofibrous Nonwovens: Parameter Study and Characterization." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/860654.
Full textAbstract:
The aliphatic polyamide 4.6 (PA 4.6) has unique properties compared to the commonly used polyamides 6 (PA 6) and 6.6 (PA 6.6). The purpose of this paper is to produce uniform and reproducible nanofibrous PA 4.6 structures. Therefore, a mixture of the solvent formic acid and the nonsolvent acetic acid is used to dissolve and electrospin the PA 4.6. First the steady-state behaviour of the process and the boundary limits of the solution parameters needed for steady-state electrospinning are investigated. Subsequently, the effect of several solution and process parameters on the fibre morphology is examined, using microscopic techniques and thermal analysis. The polyamide concentration is found to be the dominant parameter affecting the fibre diameter and morphology. Furthermore, tensile tests are performed on upscaled nanofibrous structures and electrospun under optimised steady-state conditions. It is shown that the PA 4.6 nanofibrous structures, compared to nanofibrous nonwovens of PA 6 and PA 6.6, have a higher stress and strain at break.
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Peças, Paulo, Hugo Carvalho, Hafiz Salman, and Marco Leite. "Natural Fibre Composites and Their Applications: A Review." Journal of Composites Science 2, no. 4 (2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs2040066.
Full textAbstract:
There is significant work published in recent years about natural fibres polymeric composites. Most of the studies are about the characterization of natural fibres and their comparison with conventional composites regarding mechanical behaviour and application performance. There are dozens of types of natural fibres with different properties influencing their use, or not, in specific industrial applications. The natural origin of these materials causes, in general, a wide range of variations in properties depending mainly on the harvesting location and conditions, making it difficult to select the appropriate fibre for a specific application. In this paper, a comprehensive review about the properties of natural fibres used as composite materials reinforcement is presented, aiming to map where each type of fibre is positioned in several properties. Recent published work on emergent types of fibres is also reviewed. A bibliometric study regarding applications of natural fibres composites is presented. A prospective analysis about the future trends of natural fibres applications and the required developments to broaden their applications is also presented and discussed.
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Ratulangi, Wulan Ratia, Rosnalia Widyan, Adriyan Suhada, and Rahmad Dani. "Fabrication and Characterization of Pineapple Leaf Fiber (PALF) as Candidate of Composite Reinforcing Material." Prisma Sains : Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Matematika dan IPA IKIP Mataram 13, no. 1 (2025): 76. https://doi.org/10.33394/j-ps.v13i1.13563.
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Pineapple leaf is a waste product of pineapple cultivation which may leads to environmental issues. Pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) is an important natural fibre with high cellulose content that exhibits high mechanical properties which is high specific strength and stiffness which may vary for each cultivar. Besides, isolation of cellulose from lignocellulosic fibre become more crucial. In this study, isolation of cellulose were undergo by alkaline treatment In that order, concentration of NaOH 0.5% at 121oC for 60 min and bleaching teatment using NaClO 10% at 121oC for 30. The PALF and treated fiber were characterized using Tensilon, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy. Based on results, 5% NaOH (60 min) and bleaching process by using 10% NaClO (30 min) in autoclave succeed to remove pektin, lignin, and unwanted components. The surface morphology showed high surface area, however still remaining small amaount of pektin and lignin was confirmed from FTIR and SEM images.
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Hamza, Hammadi, Monia Jemni, Ali Bazmi, Ali Bazmi, Tarek Tombari, and Kameleddine Naggaz. "Characterization and Valorization of Dietary Fibre Concentrate from Parthenocarpic Date Fruits." European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 2, no. 3 (2021): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2021.2.3.192.
Full textAbstract:
Parthenocarpic date fruits are good sources of antioxidant and fibre, which could be changed into valuable by-products. There is no attempt to use it in technological processes and could provide a natural additive to enhance the quality of the product. In this study, fibre concentrate from partenocarpic dates (FCPD) was extracted, dried, and characterized. Two drying techniques, namely oven and freeze drying, were carried out, and then the FCPD were characterized. Thereafter, its ability to substitute flour in muffins was studied.
 The freeze-drying gave the highest yield of FCPD revealing lignin richness but cellulose and hemicellulose insufficiency. Drying techniques gave similar FCPD WHC and OHC but antioxidant capacity was higher in the case of freeze-dried fibre. Electronic microscopy showed that the more FCPD was introduced in the flour, the more the muffin crumb contained disrupted matrices. This could enhance the muffin freshness by improving the moisture retention. Moreover, although flour substitution by FCPD increased muffin volume and its OHC value, its WHC, moisture, mineral and sugar contents were not affected. Calorific value, phenol content and antioxidant activity were greater in the case of muffins with 5% of freeze-dried FCPD. Sensory analyses showed that fibre-enriched muffins had good scores as the control ones.
 In this study, we used oasis raw materials with good source of fibres and antioxidant capacity that could be used in the production of high value-added foods. Additionally, the research demonstrated that freeze-dried FCPD flour fortification enhances the physicochemical characteristics of the muffin. The parthenocarpic date fruits is an agricultural residue with interested chemical and functional properties that could be undertaken in food process industries.
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Komorowski, Paweł, Krzysztof Anders, Urszula Zdulska, and Ryszard Piramidowicz. "Erbium doped ZBLAN fiber laser operating in the visible - feasibility study." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 3 (2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i3.769.
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This work is focused on developing all-fiber green laser in hybrid geometry, based on combination of Er:ZBLAN active fiber and silica fiber-based passive components of optical resonator and deploying Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) as highly selective mirrors for green spectral range. The scope of work covers fundamental spectroscopic characterization of Er:ZBLAN samples, determination of key spectroscopic parameters, modelling the lasing properties and lasing experiments in different pumping geometries. Full Text: PDF ReferencesW.P. Risk, T.R. Gosnell, A.V. Nurmikko, "Compact blue-green lasers", Cambridge University Press. (2003) CrossRef J.Y. Allain, M. Monerie, and H. Poignant, "Tunable green upconversion erbium fibre laser", Electronics Lett., 28 (1992) 111-113 CrossRef Z . Luo, Q. Ruan, M. Zhong, Y. Cheng, R. Yang, B. Xu, H. Xu, Z. Cai, "Compact self-Q-switched green upconversion Er:ZBLAN all-fiber laser operating at 543.4 nm", Optics Lett. 41 (2016) 2258-2261 CrossRef D. E. McCumber, "Einstein relations connecting broadband emission and absorption spectra", Physical Review 136 (1964) 954-957 CrossRef