Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fibre chemical composition

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Fibre chemical composition'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fibre chemical composition"

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Sumithra, Murugesan, and Gayathri Murugan. "Extraction and characterization of natural fibres form Elettaria Cardamomum." Tekstilna industrija 69, no. 2 (2021): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2102030s.

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Natural fibres are one of the good alternative sources for replacing synthetic fibres and reinforcing polymer matrices because of their eco-friendly nature. The present study was undertaken to investigate the fibres extract from Elettaria Cardamomum plant. The extracted Elettaria Cardamomum fibre was treated with NaOH for softening. Natural cellulose fibres extracted from Elettaria Cardamomum stems (ECS) have been characterized for their chemical composition and physical properties.The chemical composition of Elettaria Cardamomumstems (ECS) fi bres is, cellulose 60.44%, lignin 25.25%, wax 0.53%, ash 5.45%. Regarding physical properties of the fibres, single fibre strength was evaluated and the result was compared with cotton fibre and linen fibre.
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Depuydt, Delphine EC, Nick Sweygers, Lise Appels, Jan Ivens, and Aart W. van Vuure. "Bamboo fibres sourced from three global locations: A microstructural, mechanical and chemical composition study." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 38, no. 9 (February 11, 2019): 397–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684419828532.

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More than 1200 bamboo species are known; therefore, the question arises which species are suited for composites and which microstructural characteristics of the plant are decisive. Three different bamboo species are considered, each of two ages. Technical fibre tensile tests and impregnated fibre bundle tests were performed to characterize the fibres and maceration was applied to determine the length over diameter ratio of the elementary fibres. From the impregnated fibre bundle tests it is concluded that the stiffness of bamboo fibres from tropical species considered in this research is unaffected by the species nor the age of the plant. The strength is more affected by the region of growth, with the temperate bamboo species having lower strength as a result of a lower length over diameter ratio of the elementary fibre. Chemical analysis helped to investigate the age difference and it can be stated that the fibres are mature within one growing season.
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Chen, Guicui, Zhong Wang, Lifeng Zhang, Hua Liu, Guohe Wang, Shudong Wang, Xiao Qin, Lei Zhao, and Yan Liu. "Influence of chemical composition of windmill palm fibre on crystallinity after alkali peroxide bleaching by grey model." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (January 2019): 155892501988345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019883451.

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To study the relationship between the chemical composition and aggregation structure of windmill palm fibres, the Grey System theory, least-squares method and MATLAB® software were used to develop a grey model that relates the crystallinity index to the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content of the fibres after alkaline peroxide bleaching. The mean arithmetic error (=0.109) of the grey model (GM (1,4)) indicated that the model could predict the crystallinity of windmill palm fibre based on its chemical composition. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman microscopy were used to characterize the morphology and chemical composition of the windmill palm fibres before and after alkaline peroxide bleaching. The results indicated that silica, as well as most of the pectin, hemicellulose and lignin, were removed after peroxide bleaching, and thus, the crystallinity index of the peroxide-bleached samples increased. The GM (1,4) provided a reference for studying the influence of the chemical composition of windmill palm fibre on its aggregate structure.
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Jančík, F., P. Homolka, B. Čermák, and F. Lád. "Determination of indigestible neutral detergent fibre contents of grasses and its prediction from chemical composition." Czech Journal of Animal Science 53, No. 3 (March 5, 2008): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2716-cjas.

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Five grass species (<I>Dactylis glomerata</I> L., <I>Phleum pratense</I> L.,<I> Lolium perenne</I> L., <I>Festuca arundinacea</I> L.) and the hybrid Felina (<I>Lolium multiflorum</I> L. × <I> Festuca arundinacea</I> L.), commonly used in roughages for ruminants, were harvested at different maturities of primary growth (<I>n</I> = 60) and evaluated for contents of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, crude fat, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), indigestible neutral detergent fibre (INDF) and digestible neutral detergent fibre (DNDF). INDF and DNDF contents were determined by <I>in sacco</I> rumen degradation of grasses for 12 days in non-lactating cows. ADL content was found to be highly correlated (<I>P</I> < 0.05) with DNDF (<I>r</I> = –0.87) and presented a reliable (<I>R</I><sup>2</sup> = 0.78; residual mean square error of 17.65 g/kg DM; <I>P</I> < 0.0001) parameter to predict INDF contents. Over a six-week period of maturation INDF contents increased (<I>P</I> < 0.0001) in all studied grasses. It was confirmed by this study that the INDF contents of grasses, which markedly increased during maturation, could be effectively predicted from ADL contents.
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Zhao, Ying Na, Jia Chen Liu, Cai Fen Wang, and Wen Li Zhang. "The Interlayer Designation for ZTM Ceramics and Fibre Joining." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 878–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.878.

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The joining materials of density ceramics and the fibre would be potential application value as seal materials at high temperature condition or in aerospace field. According to chemical composition consistent principle of ceramics/interfaces/fibre, the interlayer of mullite ingredient was designed which based on the ZTM ceramics composition. Using the absorber-microwaves properties of Al-Si alloy, the joining of ZTM ceramics and fibre materials with interlayer was achieved by microwave hybrid heating method. The experiment results indicated that the volume expansion of interlayer was about 4.8% when the content of Al-Si was 24 wt % in the compositions. The interlayer ingredients were mullite, zirconia and alumina after sintering. The fibres were better joint with interlayer by microwave sintering than by traditional method.
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Vasumathi, M., and Murali Vela. "Fracture Behaviour of Chemically Treated Reshira-Epoxy Composite and Optimization of Parameters for Composite Fabrication." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.182.

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Natural fiber composite is nowadays used as an alternative to conventional materials. In this work, the natural fibre, Reshira is tried with epoxy resin, for the first time, as a composite material to be used for various applications. The reshira fiber is chemically treated with sodium hydroxide for better adhesion between fibre and resin. The reshira fiber–epoxy composite is fabricated with varying chemical concentrations of sodium hydroxide solution, fiber lengths and fiber volume fractions. The composite samples are subjected to tensile, flexural and impact tests and the optimum composition that produces maximum mechanical performance is selected. Further the optimum sample is tested for its fracture toughness property.
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Gugała, Sikorska, Zarzecka, Findura, and Malaga–Toboła. "Chemical Composition of Winter Rape Seeds Depending on the Biostimulators Used." Agronomy 9, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110716.

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Plant growth regulators may reduce the negative effect of environmental stress factors and can contribute to increasing the quality and quantity of the yield. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of biostimulators on the quality of seeds of three winter rape morphotypes. Three varieties of winter rape were used: Poznaniak (population variety), PX104 (hybrid variety restored with a semi-dwarf growth type) and Konkret (hybrid variety restored with a traditional growth type). The varieties were exposed to three treatments: the biostimulator Tytanit®, the biostimulator Asahi®SL and the biostimulator Silvit®, and the control with no biostimulators. Seeds were analysed for content of crude fat, total fat and crude fibres. The biostimulators reduced total protein content (on average from 0.8 to 1.75 g·kg−1 of d.m.) and increased the concentration of crude fat (on average from 0.71 to 1.93 g·kg−1 of d.m.) and crude fibre (on average from 0.15 to 0.84 g·kg−1 of d.m.) compared to the control. PX104 had the highest content of crude fat and total fat protein, and the lowest in crude fibre. The smallest protein content was found in seeds of the long-stem hybrid Konkret, while crude fat was lowest in the population form (Poznaniak), and crude fibre was lowest in long-stem hybrid (Konkret).
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Zimniewska, Malgorzata, Andrzej Zbrowski, Wanda Konczewicz, Andrzej Majcher, Jan Przybylski, Krzysztof Matecki, Marek Wiśniewski, Jerzy Mańkowski, and Anna Kicińska-Jakubowska. "Cottonisation of Decorticated Flax Fibres." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 25 (June 30, 2017): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1685.

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The commonly used flax process of decortication allows the mechanical extraction of fibre from plant stems without prior retting. The one-type fibre obtained in this process is characterised by very low quality, as it is poorly divided, has high linear mass and high amounts of impurities. This paper presents a description of a newly developed method of obtaining high quality flax cottonized fibre from low quality decorticated fibre by application of a wet degumming process for fibre. The experiment involved studying the parameters of flax fibres after each step of the technological process i.e. after decortication, wet degumming and final mechanical cottonisation. The study covered tests of the following fiber parameters: linear mass, length, impurities, chemical composition as well as thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and scanning electron microscopy images. The results confirm the efficiency of the method applied for obtaining high quality fibre from decorticated flax fibre.
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Tan, Yung. "Chemical Sensing Applications of Carbon Nanotube-Deposited Optical Fibre Sensors." Chemosensors 6, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors6040055.

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Carbon nanotubes are unique one-dimensional materials which can experience a modification in their optical properties as the chemical composition of their ambient environment varies. One of the ways to interrogate these variations in optical properties is through the use of optical fibres. As such, their integration with optical fibre technology would potentially allow for the development of devices for various chemical sensing applications.
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A. A., Lamidi, and Joseph O. O. "Chemical Composition and Nutritive Parameters of Maize Stover (Zea Mays) Fractions and Cassava (Manihort Esculanta) Foliage for Sustainable Ruminant Production." Journal of Biotechnology Research, no. 62 (March 24, 2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jbr.62.7.11.

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Chemical composition and nutritive parameters of maize stover (Zea mays) fractions and cassava (Manihort esculanta) foliage for sustainable ruminant production was studied. Cassava foliage and fractions of maize stover (stem and leaf) were gathered and oven dried for proximate composition, fibre fractions and nutritive parameters (Dry matter intake (DMI), Digestible dry matter (DDM) and Relative feed value (RFV) were calculated. The experimental design was a completely randomized design (CRD). Results shows a significant difference (P<0.05) in the all the parameters considered for the proximate composition across the experimental treatments. The contents ranged from 85.21 – 88.77% for dry matter (DM), 6.27 – 19.72%, 1.89 – 3.78%, 14.89 – 17.08%, 51.88 – 62.47%, 3.27 – 11.23% and 36.90 – 56.70% for crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), ash and non-fibre carbohydrate (NFE), respectively. Cassava foliage had highest (P<0.05) contents of fibre fractions considered. The acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), cellulose (CEL) and hemicellulose (HEM) were 59.18%, 18.36%, 26.50% and 27.10%, respectively for CSL. There was a significant different (P<0.05) in the phytochemical contents across the experimental materials. Similar (P>0.05) value was recorded for DMI, DDM and RFV. Conclusively, the experimental treatments exhibited nutritional qualities that made them a feed resources for ruminant production. Cassava foliage had better proximate composition and fibre fractions, therefore it is recommended for the farmers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fibre chemical composition"

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Andersson, Annica. "Characterisation of barley and barley fractions, with emphasis on dietary fibre and starch /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5748-3.pdf.

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Anxionnaz, Françoise. "Microstructure et composition chimique de composites sic/si : :(3)n::(4)." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066141.

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On etudie par microscopie (meb, met, eels, edx) et par analyse par sonde ionique (sims) les composites prepares par impregnation de fibres de sic par depot chimique en phase vapeur de si::(3)n::(4) ou sic. On etudie l'influence du substrat sur la microstructure des depots, puis on caracterise la microstructure et la composition chimique de fibres elementaires de sic revetues par cvd de c et de sic. L'analyse des fibres revetues et tout particulierement de l'interface fibre/matrice montre la complementarite des methodes eels et sims pour caracteriser les composites a fibres longues
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Fokine, Michael. "Photosensitivity, chemical composition gratings and optical fiber based components." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mikroelektronik och informationsteknik, IMIT, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3436.

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The different topics of this thesis include high-temperaturestable fiber Bragg gratings, photosensitivity and fiber basedcomponents. Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are wavelength dispersiverefractive index structures manufactured through UV exposure ofoptical fibers. Their applications range from WDM filters,dispersion compensators and fiber laser resonators fortelecommunication applications to different types of point ordistributed sensors for a variety of applications. One aim of this thesis has been to study a new type of FBGreferred to as chemical composition grating. These gratingsdiffer from other types of FBG in that their refractive indexstructure is attributed to a change in the chemicalcomposition. Chemical composition gratings have shown to beextremely temperature stable surviving temperatures in excessof 1000 oC. Photosensitivity of pure silica and germanium-dopedcore fibers in the presence of hydroxyl groups has also beenstudied and different types of fiber based components have beendeveloped. The main result of the thesis is a better understanding ofthe underlying mechanism of the formation of chemicalcomposition gratings and their decay behavior at elevatedtemperatures. The refractive index modulation is caused by aperiodic change in the fluorine concentration, which has beenverified through time-of-flight secondary-ion-mass spectrometryand through studies of the decay behavior of chemicalcomposition gratings. A model based on diffusion of dopants hasbeen developed, which successfully predicts the thermal decayat elevated temperatures. Studies of the dynamics of chemicalcomposition grating formation have resulted in a manufacturingtechnique that allows for reproducible gratingfabrication. The main results regarding photosensitivity is a method tosignificantly increase the effect of UV radiation on standardtelecommunications fiber. The method, referred to asOH-flooding, has also been applied to pure-silica core fibersresulting in the first report of strong grating formation insuch fibers. Finally, research into different schemes for developingfiber-based components has resulted in two types of singlefiber integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometers; one passiveinterferometer that can be used as an optical filter and oneactive interferometer controlled with internal metalelectrodes. Keywords:optical fibers, fiber Bragg gratings,photosensitivity, thermal stability, fiber sensors, chemicalcomposition gratings, fiber components, Mach-Zehnderinterferometer, optical switch, optical modulator.
QC 20100607
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Klash, Abdalah. "Localisation and quantification of chemical functional groups on pulp fibres." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5287.

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Thesis (PhD (Chemistry and Polymer Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The distribution of different free chemical functional groups on wood and pulp fibres was determined by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with chemically modified tips. Because these functional groups show a higher affinity to similar groups on the substrate surface during scanning, AFM images were recorded using an additional digital pulsed-force mode (DPFM) controller. This allowed the distribution of the chemical components to be imaged and to a degree, also to be quantified. The investigated tip coatings showed different sensitivities towards the major chemical components present in wood fibres. These components were determined on spin-coated films as well as wood fibres. It was possible to make a clear distinction between cellulose and lignin in both cases. This technique could therefore be used to differentiate between cellulose and lignin present on pulp fibre surfaces and to confirm the successful removal of lignin by pulping. The chemical composition of wood fibres and fibre surfaces of several acacia and eucalyptus species, and hybrids originating from various growth sites in South Africa, are compared. The objective was to determine the differences in chemical surface composition due to genetics or site. The motivation for this was to eventually facilitate a tailor-made supply of wood for pulping which results in an optimal blend of fibres that can be pulped together with similar yields. This, however, first requires a sound knowledge of the fibre properties. The surface functionality on the single fibre level is a key property because it determines how good inter-fibre bonding will be when paper is formed, which in turn depends to a large degree on the amount of free hydroxyl groups that are available and therefore on the cellulose content on the fibre surface. The cellulose and lignin contents on the fibre surface were determined with chemical force microscopy (CFM), a variation of AFM. CFM involves the use of chemically modified tip using selected functional groups. Since, the general bulk composition of the fibre and the surface composition differ, both parameters were determined. Significant differences in the cellulose and lignin content on fibre surfaces were found, with regard to genotype and site, respectively. In some, but not all, cases the surface composition of wood fibres followed the bulk composition and differences were generally more pronounced. Differences due to genotype were significant, especially with regards to the surface lignin content - but variation due to site was also distinctly recognisable. This variation in surface functionality could be the reason why some pulpwood blends result in a lower pulp yield and different quality.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die verspreiding van verskillende vrye chemiese funksionele groepe op hout en pulpvesels is bepaal deur middel van atoomkragmikroskopie (AFM), met chemies-gemodifiseerde punte (tips). Omdat hierdie funksionele groepe 'n hoër verwantskap tot soortgelyke groepe op die substraat se oppervlak gedurende skandering toon, kan AFM-beelde wat met 'n addisionele digitalepulskragmodusbeheerstel bepaal word dit moontlik maak om die verspreiding van die chemiese komponente uit te beeld en tot op ‘n sekere vlak te kwantifiseer. Die ondersoekte punt-oppervlakmiddels het verskillende sensitiwiteite teenoor die hoof chemiese komponente in die houtvesels en spin-bestrykte films getoon. 'n Duidelike onderskeid kon in beide gevalle tussen sellulose en lignien gemaak word. Hierdie tegniek kon dus gebruik word om te onderskei tussen sellulose en lignien wat op die pulpveseloppervlak teenwoordig was en om die suksesvolle verwydering van lignien gedurende die pulpproses (pulping) te bevestig. In hierdie studie is die chemiese samestelling van houtvesels en die veseloppervlaktes van verskeie akasia en eucalyptus spesies, asook dié van gekruisde spesies wat van verskeie werfliggings in Suid-Afrika afkomstig is, vergelyk. Die doel was om te toets vir verskille in chemiese oppervlaksamestellings, wat veroorsaak kan word deur genetika of werf verskille, met die uiteindelike mikpunt om ‘n spesiaal-gemaakte voorraad van hout vir pulping te fasiliteer, wat kan lei tot 'n optimale mengsel van vesels wat saam gepulp kan word met soortgelyke opbrengs. Dit vereis natuurlik 'n goeie kennis van die veseleienskappe. Die oppervlakfunksionering van enkel vesels is ‘n kritiese eienskap omdat dit bepaal hoe goed interveselverbindings sal wees wanneer papier gevorm word. Dit hang tot ‘n groot mate af van die hoeveelheid vry hydroksielgroepe wat beskikbaar is en dus ook van die sellulose inhoud op die veseloppervlak. Die sellulose- en lignieninhoud op die veseloppervlak is bepaal met chemiese kragmikroskopie – 'n variasie van atoomkragmikroskopie. Omdat die algemene grootmaat samestelling van die vesel en die oppervlaksamestelling mag verskil, is altwee parameters bepaal. Beduidende verskille in die sellulose- en lignieninhoud, met betrekking tot genotipe en werfligging, op veseloppervlaktes is gevind. In sommige, maar nie alle, gevalle het die oppervlaksamestelling van houtvesels ooreengestem met die grootmaatsamestelling, en verskille was oor die algemeen meer beduidend. Verskille as gevolg van genotipe was beduidend, veral met betrekking tot die oppervlak lignieninhoud, maar variasie as gevolg van werfligging was ook duidelik herkenbaar. Hierdie variasie in oppervlakfunksionering kan die rede wees hoekom sommige pulp–hout mengsels lei tot 'n laer pulpopbrengs en verskille in kwaliteit.
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Garcia-Jaldon, Catherine. "Caractérisation morphologique et chimique du chanvre (Cannabis sativa) : prétraitement à la vapeur et valorisation." Grenoble 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10140.

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La tige de chanvre est composee de deux regions de morphologie distincte: le cortex qui contient des fibres riches en pectines et en hemicelluloses et le bois qui est un tissu fortement lignifie constitue de vaisseaux, de fibres de bois et cellules de parenchyme ligneux. Une etude des pectines de chanvre a montre que ces polysaccharides sont constitues d'une chaine principale rhamnogalacturonane au sein de laquelle alternent des zones d'acide galacturonique (regions lisses) et des zones ramifiees (regions chevelues). Dans ces regions chevelues, a peu pres la moitie des unites rhamnose portent en position o-4 une courte chaine laterale compose principalement d'unites galactose et arabinose. D'autre part dans l'optique d'une valorisation des fibres contenues dans la tige de chanvre (fibres corticales et fibres du bois), nous avons etudie l'influence des parametres de traitement a la vapeur sur la purification et l'individualisation de ces fibres. Les fibres ainsi obtenues ont ete par la suite incorporees dans une matrice polypropylene et il ressort de cette etude que les fibres de chanvre peuvent ameliorer les proprietes mecaniques du materiau final a condition qu'il y ait une bonne adhesion entre fibre et matrice
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Jackix, Elisa de Almeida 1983. "Taioba (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) = composição química e avaliação das propriedades funcionais in vivo = Taioba (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) : chemical composition and evaluation of its functional properties in vivo." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254450.

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Orientador: Jaime Amaya Farfan
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T23:27:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jackix_ElisadeAlmeida_D.pdf: 1472562 bytes, checksum: 8830780df24de0113cef22e1e18df981 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Diversos estudos têm sugerido que a ingestão frequente de vegetais reduz o risco de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em função da presença de compostos como a fibra alimentar (FA) e demais substâncias bioativas associadas, os quais produzem efeitos positivos sobre a saúde humana. A FA inclui polissacarídeos não amiláceos, oligossacarídeos resistentes à digestão e lignina. Essas substâncias podem passar inalteradas pelo trato gastrintestinal ou serem fermentadas pela microbiota colônica, resultando em efeitos fisiológicos benéficos. A taioba (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) é uma arácea comestível originária da América tropical e possui considerável valor nutritivo. A porção tuberosa é consumida por diversas populações em todo mundo, no entanto, o consumo de suas folhas é menos difundido. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar parcialmente a fração fibrosa da folha de taioba liofilizada (FTL), e avaliar possíveis efeitos fisiológicos in vivo em ratos Wistar machos alimentados com dieta AIN 93G, ou hiperlipídica. As folhas de taioba foram cozidas em água, liofilizadas e quimicamente caracterizadas. Por meio de ensaio biológico foram avaliados os efeitos da FTL sobre a produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, sobre o metabolismo de ácidos biliares (AB) e indicadores bioquímicos. A FTL apresentou teores de fibra alimentar total, solúvel e insolúvel de 35,23 ± 0,26%, 6,82 ± 0,06% e 28,04 ± 0,21%, respectivamente. A análise da composição monossacarídica mostrou que a glicose é o monômero mais abundante (61%), sugerindo a presença de celulose em grandes quantidades. Os animais alimentados com dieta AIN 93G contendo taioba apresentaram maior peso e excreção de gordura fecal, e melhores perfis de ABs, por diminuir a proporção de ABs secundários. Nos ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica a adição de FTL resultou em menor ganho de peso corporal e gordura hepática, e maior peso e conteúdo de gordura nas fezes; além disso, observaram-se maiores concentrações de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e ABs fecais em comparação ao grupo controle, que recebeu baixos teores de fibra; também se observou menores concentrações de colesterol sérico e maior conteúdo de cinzas corporais nos grupos recebendo a FTL. Os resultados sugeriram que os componentes da folha de taioba possuem elevada capacidade de ligação com os ABs e alta fermentabilidade, indicando que a folha possui potencial para reduzir o risco de doenças cardiovasculares e câncer de cólon
Abstract: Several studies have suggested that frequent vegetable intake reduces the risk of coronary heart disease, diabetes, cancer and obesity due to the presence of compounds such as dietary fiber (DF) and other associated bioactive compounds, which exert positive effects on human health. DF includes non-starch polysaccharides, resistant oligosaccharides and lignin. These substances can pass unaltered through the gastrointestinal tract or be fermented by colonic microbiota, resulting in positive physiological effects. Taioba (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) is an edible aroid originated from tropical America that exhibits significant nutritive value. The tuberous portions are consumed by several populations worldwide, whereas the leafy portions of Taioba are generally discarded. The objective of this research was to partly characterize the DF of lyophilized taioba leaf (LTL), and to assess the possible in vivo physiological effects when fed to male Wistar rats receiving a normal AIN 93G diet, or a high-fat diet. Taioba leaves were boiled in water, lyophilized and chemically characterized. Biological evaluation was conducted to assess the effect of LTL on the intestinal short-chain fatty acid production, bile acid (BA) metabolism, and biochemical parameters. Total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber contents in LTL were 35.23 ± 0.26%, 6.82 ± 0.06% and 28.04 ± 0.21%, respectively. Monosaccharide composition showed glucose as the main component (61%), suggesting the presence of cellulose. Animals fed the AIN 93G diets containing taioba leaf had increased fecal mass and fat excretion, in addition to improved BA profiles by diminishing the proportion of the secondary acids. In the rats fed the high-fat diet, the addition of LTL resulted in lower weight gain and liver fat concomitantly with higher fecal mass and lipids. Furthermore, these rats exhibited a higher fecal short chain fatty acid and bile salt concentration in the feces than the control group, which had a lower fiber intake. Additionally, lower serum cholesterol and higher body ash content were found in the groups receiving the leaf. The results suggested that taioba leaves have compounds with high BA binding capacity and high fermentability. These properties indicate that the leaf has the potential of lowering the risk of colon cancer and cardiovascular disease
Doutorado
Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Walter, Karin. "Influence of acid hydrogen peroxide treatment on refining energy and TMP properties." Licentiate thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Natural Sciences, Engineering and Mathematics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-9207.

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The potential of using acid hydrogen peroxide under Fenton conditions to lower the electrical energy consumed during the production of Black spruce (Picea mariana) thermomechanical pulp (TMP) was investigated. The chemical system, which consisted of ferrous sulphate, hydrogen peroxide and optionally an enhancer (3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or oxalic acid/sodium oxalate), was evaluated as an inter-stage treatment where the primary refiner was used as a mixer. The produced TMPs were thoroughly characterised in order to explain the effect of the chemical system on fibre development and to be able to propose a mechanism for the impact on refining energy reduction. The possibility to improve the optical properties by washing, chelating and sodium dithionite or hydrogen peroxide bleaching the treated pulps was evaluated.

 

The results obtained in a pilot plant trial show that it is possible to significantly reduce the comparative specific energy consumption by approximately 20% and 35% at a freeness value of 100 ml CSF or a tensile index of 45 Nm/g by using 1% and 2% hydrogen peroxide respectively. The energy reduction is obtained without any substantial change in the fractional composition of the pulp, though tear strength is slightly reduced, as are brightness and pulp yield. No major differences between the reference pulp and the chemically treated pulps were found with respect to fibre length, width or cross-sectional dimensions. However, the acid hydrogen peroxide-treated pulps tend to have more collapsed fibres, higher flexibility, a larger specific surface area and a lower coarseness value. The yield loss accompanying the treatment is mainly a consequence of degraded hemicelluloses. It was also found that the total charge of the chemically treated pulps is higher compared to the reference pulps, something that may have influenced the softening behaviour of the fibre wall.

 

A washing or chelating procedure can reduce the metal ion content of the chemically treated TMPs considerably. The amount of iron can be further reduced to a level similar to that of untreated pulps by performing a reducing agent-assisted chelating stage (QY) with dithionite. The discoloration cannot, however, be completely eliminated. The brightness decrease of the treated pulps is thus not only caused by higher iron content in the pulp, but is also dependent on the type of iron compound and/or other coloured compounds connected with the acid hydrogen peroxide treatment. Oxidative bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (P) is more effective than reductive bleaching with sodium dithionite in regaining the brightness lost during the energy reductive treatment. Using a QY P sequence, a hydrogen peroxide charge of 3.8% was needed to reach an ISO brightness of 75% for the chemically treated pulps. The corresponding hydrogen peroxide charge for the untreated TMP reference was 2.5%.

 

The radicals generated in the Fenton reaction will probably attack and weaken/soften the available outer fibre wall layers. This could facilitate fibre development and consequently lower the electrical energy demand for a certain degree of refinement.

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8

Henderson, Robert Lee. "The chemical profile of Rubia tinctorum in wool dyeing and a novel fibre extraction method for compositional analysis." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6418/.

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This report describes the understanding of natural dyes and the work necessary for analysis of historical textiles. Chapter 1 provides a general introduction into the background of historical dyeing, the methods used to extract these natural dye compounds used and how synthetic dyes overtook natural dyes in the commercial world of dyeing. Chapter 2 introduces and discusses the research undertaken with one particular natural dyeing plant, Rubia tinctorum (common madder). Dyeing studies were all performed on wool, and explore the dyeing properties of the madder plant. Dyeing studies with pre-mordanting and post-mordanting were undertaken. Chapter 3 explores the extraction of natural dyes from Rubia tinctorum and their identification. Extraction and analysis studies were conducted to obtain the ideal method for acquiring glycosidic anthraquinone dye molecules that could be used in the dyeing process. Chapter 4 focuses on identifying new methods to successfully remove glycosidic anthraquinone dye compounds from wool fibres dyed with Rubia tinctorum, whilst keeping their chemical structure intact. Further work in this chapter is undertaken to analyse glycosidic anthraquinone dye compounds successfully removed from photodegraded wool fibres and the comparison with current literature techniques used for historical sample analysis.
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9

Monteiro, Fabiana. "DIFERENTES PROPORÇÕES DE FIBRA INSOLÚVEL E SOLÚVEL DE GRÃOS DE AVEIA SOBRE A RESPOSTA BIOLÓGICA DE RATOS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5640.

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The present report had as the objective to establish relations between the different proportions of insoluble and soluble fiber from oat grains on biological response in Wistar rats fed with formulated rations with similar dietary fiber levels, but different in insoluble and soluble fiber content. For that, the total dietary fiber composition, insoluble and soluble from eight oat grains cultivars was determined, which according with these results, were grouped, by multivariate group analysis (Cluster analysis) according to the ward method, considering its proportions of insoluble and soluble fiber. From the three formed groups, grains from three cultivars were chosen (UFRGS 17, UFRGS 18 and UFRGS 20) for the realization of the biological response (8 animals per treatment). It was conduced throughout a period of 35 days, in which parameters such as daily consumption of dry matter, weight gaining, dietary conversion, feces excretion, dry matter apparent digestibility, pH and dietary fiber apparent digestibility and its insoluble and soluble fractions were assessed. The evaluated treatments did not show any significant difference concerning dry fiber daily average consumption, weight gaining, dietary conversion and dry matter apparent digestibility. The diets with higher content of soluble fiber increased the fecal excretion and total and soluble fiber apparent digestibility, while the diet with high content of insoluble fiber reduced the pH value of the feces and increased the insoluble fiber apparent digestibility. The results obtained allow to fundament the use of different oat grains cultivars for specific ends in human nutrition.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer relações entre as diferentes proporções de fibra insolúvel e solúvel em medidas de resposta biológica de ratos Wistar alimentados com rações formuladas com níveis semelhantes de fibra alimentar, mas diferentes quanto aos teores de fibra insolúvel e solúvel. Para tal, determinou-se a composição em fibra alimentar total, insolúvel e solúvel de oito cultivares de aveia, que, de acordo com estes resultados, foram agrupadas, por análise multivariada de agrupamento (Cluster analysis) de acordo com o método de Ward, considerando suas proporções de fibra insolúvel e solúvel. Dos três grupos formados, foram escolhidos grãos de três cultivares (UFRGS 17, UFRGS 18 e UFRGS 20) para a realização do ensaio biológico (oito animais por tratamento). Este foi conduzido por um período de 35 dias, no qual foram avaliados parâmetros como consumo diário de matéria seca, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, excreção de fezes, digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, pH e digestibilidade aparente da fibra alimentar e de suas frações. Os tratamentos avaliados não demonstraram diferença significativa quanto ao consumo médio diário de matéria seca, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca. As dietas com teores mais elevados de fibra solúvel aumentaram a excreção fecal e a digestibilidade aparente de fibra alimentar e solúvel, enquanto que a dieta com alto teor de fibra insolúvel reduziu o valor de pH das fezes e aumentou a digestibilidade aparente de fibra insolúvel. Os resultados obtidos permitem fundamentar o uso de diferentes cultivares de aveia para fins específicos na nutrição humana.
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LE, PERSON Jenny. "Verres de sulfures: spectroscopie des ions de terres-rares, fibres microstructurées et nouvelles compositions." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009279.

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L'utilisation de matériaux originaux, à forts indices de réfraction linéaires et non-linéaires et à faibles énergies de phonon, tels que les verres de sulfures, permet d'envisager des applications comme l'amplification large bande (1,3-1,5 µm), la régénération et la commutation tout-optique en télécommunication. Les travaux de recherche présentés ici concernent l'étude de fibres optiques et verres de chalcogénures transmettant dans l'infrarouge. La fenêtre optique des verres appartenant au système de référence GeGaS a été élargie dans le domaine du visible par addition de chlorures de métaux et d'alcalino-terreux. Les caractérisations physico-chimiques en termes de propriétés thermiques, optiques, de durabilité chimique et l'étude de l'organisation structurale des compositions mettent en lumière l'impact de l'insertion d'halogènes dans les verres de sulfures. Les verres de sulfures du système Ge-Ga-Sb-S présentent une potentialité pour l'amplification optique entre 1,3 et 1,47 µm par dopage terre-rare. La loi du gap, établissant la probabilité de relaxation multiphonon à l'écart d'énergie entre un niveau excité et un niveau immédiatement inférieur, a été démontrée dans les verres de sulfures du système GeGaSbS. L'étude des propriétés spectroscopiques de Yb3+ dans différentes matrices sulfures et halogéno-sulfures a permis d'établir le diagramme d'énergie de l'ytterbium dans chacune de ces matrices et de choisir celle la plus adaptée aux études de refroidissement optique. Les verres du système GeGaSbS ont fait l'objet d'études de mise en forme. Une fibre monomode, d'ouverture numérique 0,44 et de diamètre de mode 2 µm a été obtenue et caractérisée à la longueur d'onde de 1,55 µm. La fluorescence infrarouge du dysprosium et du thulium sur des fibres multimode a été étudiée. La bonne aptitude de ces verres au fibrage a conduit à la réalisation de fibres microstructurées, de types bande interdite photonique et à trous. La caractérisation optique de ces fibres a révélé le caractère quasi-monomode d'une des fibres à trous à la longueur d'onde de 1,55 µm.
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Books on the topic "Fibre chemical composition"

1

Bansal, Narottam P. Effects of fiber/matrix interface and its composition on mechanical properties of Hi-Nicalon/celsian composites. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.

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Bansal, Narottam P. Effects of fiber/matrix interface and its composition on mechanical properties of Hi-Nicalon/celsian composites. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.

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3

Bansal, Narottam P. Effects of fiber/matrix interface and its composition on mechanical properties of Hi-Nicalon/celsian composites. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.

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4

Segal, David. Candy Floss, Cellulose, Sugars and Foods. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804079.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 describes conversion of cellulose to useful products in the 19th century (rayon, celluloid, guncotton) and the role of glucose in its chemical structure. The preparation of candy floss (cotton candy) is described and how the method is relevant to spinning synthetic fibres. The composition of sugar and the composition of foods is explained. In particular, the distinction among starch, sugar, carbohydrates, monosaccharides, and polysaccharides is made. Conversion of crops to bioethanol is described.
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Scott, Andrew C. Fire: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198830030.001.0001.

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Fire: A Very Short Introduction considers fire’s four-hundred-million-year history, its chemical composition, its role in human development, and its different meanings, from heat and comfort to death and destruction. Fires in buildings regularly make the headlines, and news of wildfires now reaches our computer and smartphone screens. Urban and pastoral attitudes to fire can differ and formulating fire suppression policies can be complex. Two things have fundamentally altered our understanding: increased knowledge about fire in the deep time before human evolution, and the growth of satellite technology, which has transformed how we observe fire. In the context of our changing climate, an improved understanding of fire worldwide is urgently needed.
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Book chapters on the topic "Fibre chemical composition"

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Johnson, I. T., and D. A. T. Southgate. "Sources, Chemical Composition and Analysis of Dietary Fibre." In Dietary Fibre and Related Substances, 14–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3308-9_2.

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2

Liu, Yongliang. "Chemical Composition and Characterization of Cotton Fibers." In Cotton Fiber: Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 75–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00871-0_4.

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Serna Saldívar, Sergio O., and Fabiola E. Ayala Soto. "Chemical Composition and Biosynthesis of Dietary Fiber Components." In Food Engineering Series, 15–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38654-2_2.

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Hirschler, Marcelo M. "Fire Performance of Organic Polymers, Thermal Decomposition, and Chemical Composition." In ACS Symposium Series, 293–306. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2001-0797.ch023.

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Harun, W. M. H. F. W., M. A. T. Jaya, and M. A. Ahmad. "The Influences of Dope Composition on Gas Permeance of Hollow Fiber Carbon Membrane." In Developments in Sustainable Chemical and Bioprocess Technology, 321–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6208-8_38.

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Lien, Nguyen T. L., Heikki Kolehmainen, Eero Hiltunen, and Mousa M. Nazhad. "The Impact of Chemical Composition of Pulp Fiber Cell Wall on Paper Recycling Potential of Fibers." In Improvement of Forest Resources for Recyclable Forest Products, 60–62. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53963-6_10.

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7

"Chemical Composition of Cotton." In Cotton Fiber Chemistry and Technology. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420045888.ch3.

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Jones, D., G. O. Ormondroyd, S. F. Curling, C. M. Popescu, and M. C. Popescu. "Chemical compositions of natural fibres." In Advanced High Strength Natural Fibre Composites in Construction, 23–58. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100411-1.00002-9.

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"Chemical composition of natural plant fibers." In Tribology of Natural Fiber Polymer Composites, 219–20. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818983-2.00016-5.

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Mubanga Chisenga, Shadrack. "Primary Quality Control Parameters of Cassava Raw Materials." In Cassava - Biology, Production, and Use. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97879.

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Fresh cassava roots are transformed into shelf stable raw materials (flours and extracted starches). Chemical composition (moisture, protein, lipid, fibre and amylose content, cyanide contents), dry matter, starch extraction yields, particle size distribution and whiteness index are some of the quality characteristic requirements for selection of varieties in breeding programs, and raw materials for industrial processes. Starch yields ranges 20–35%, and vary with genotype. The crude protein (1–2%) and crude fat (∼1%) are considered minor components of cassava and are indicative of the poor nutritional quality. The cumulative of particles passing finer than sieve (D90) is commonly selected for industrial applications because it yields a large proportion of flour in the range 90–96% finer particle than sieve size. The amylose is the main genetic trait for categorising starches into waxy, semi-waxy, normal/regular and high amylose types when amylose content is 0–2, 3–15, 16–35, and > 35% of the total starch, respectively. Additionally, amylose is basic criteria for blending flours of different botanical sources. Cassava varieties are classified as sweet and bitter varieties when cyanide values are in the range 15–50 and 50–400 ppm, respectively. The a* (redness-greenness) and b* (yellowish) are considered as impurities in white fleshed cassava.
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Conference papers on the topic "Fibre chemical composition"

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Hospodarova, Viola, Nadezda Stevulova, Vojtech Vaclavik, Tomas Dvorsky, and Jaroslav Briancin. "Cellulose Fibres as a Reinforcing Element in Building Materials." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.104.

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Nowadays, construction sector is focusing in developing sustainable, green and eco-friendly building materials. Natural fibre is growingly being used in composite materials. This paper provides utilization of cellulose fibres as reinforcing agent into cement composites/plasters. Provided cellulosic fibres coming from various sources as bleached wood pulp and recycled waste paper fibres. Differences between cellulosic fibres are given by their physical characterization, chemical composition and SEM micrographs. Physical and mechanical properties of fibre-cement composites with fibre contents 0.2; 0.3and 0.5% by weight of filler and binder were investigated. Reference sample without fibres was also produced. The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of cellulose fibres on the final properties (density, water absorbability, coefficient of thermal conductivity and compressive strength) of the fibrecement plasters after 28 days of hardening. Testing of plasters with varying amount of cellulose fibres (0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 wt. %) has shown that the resulting physical and mechanical properties depend on the amount, the nature and structure of the used fibres. Linear dependences of compressive strength and thermal conductivity on density for plasters with cellulosic fibres adding were observed.
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ŽEBRAUSKIENĖ, Audronė, Sonata KAZLAUSKAITĖ, Ilona VAGUSEVIČIENĖ, and Aurelija PAULAUSKIENĖ. "COMPARISON OF THE QUALITY OF DIFFERENT SPEAR SEGMENTS OF ASPARAGUS (ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS L.) REARED IN LITHUANIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.230.

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The studies on chemical composition of different parts of asparagus spears were carried out in 2013-2014 at the Institute of Agricultural and Food Sciences at Aleksandras Stulginskis University. Spears of two asparagus varieties ‚Avalim‘ and ‚Gijnlim‘ were explored. Spears of 15 cm in length and 1 cm in diameter were selected and divided into three segments of 5 cm in length, i.e. spears were divided into three parts - upper, middle and lower. Chemical composition of fresh parts of asparagus spears (dry matter, vitamin C, potassium, nitrate, protein and fibre contents) was determined in the Laboratory of the Quality of Plant Raw Materials at ASU applying standardized analysis methods. Strength and hardness of spears was tested by texture analyser TA.XT Plus. Data of the research were statistically processed using STAT program from the statistical analysis package „SELEKCIJA“. Arithmetic means and standard deviations of the data were calculated. The studies showed that the highest contents of vitamin C, dry matter, potassium and protein and the lowest nitrate content were determined in the upper part of asparagus spears. The largest content of fibre was found in the lower part of asparagus spears. The maximal hardness and elasticity were defined in the lower part of the spears as well.
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3

Chadwick, Chris. "Self Cleaning High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filtration Without Interrupting Process Flow." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59347.

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The strategy of protecting the traditional glass fibre HEPA filtration train from it’s blinding contamination and the recovery of dust by the means of self cleaning, pre-filtration is a proven means in the reduction of ultimate disposal volumes and has been used within the Fuel Production Industry. However, there is an increasing demand in nuclear applications requiring elevated operating temperatures, fire resistance, moisture resistance and chemical composition that the existing glass fibre HEPA filtration cannot accommodate, which can be remedied by the use of a metallic HEPA filter media. Previous research suggests that the then costs to the Department of Energy (DOE), based on a five year life cycle, was $29.5 million for the installation, testing, removal and disposal of glass fibre HEPA filtration trains. Within these costs, $300 was the value given to the filter and $4,450 was given to the peripheral activity. Development of a low cost, cleanable, metallic, direct replacement of the traditional filter train will the clear solution. The Bergman et al work has suggested that a 1000 ft^3/min, cleanable, stainless HEPA could be commercially available for $5,000 each, whereas the industry has determined that the truer cost of such an item in isolation would be closer to $15,000. This results in a conflict within the requirement between ‘low cost’ and ‘stainless HEPA’. By proposing a system that combines metallic HEPA filtration with the ability to self clean without interrupting the process flow, the need for a tradition HEPA filtration train will be eliminated and this dramatically reduces the resources required for cleaning or disposal, thus presenting a route to reducing ultimate costs. The paper will examine the performance characteristics, filtration efficiency, flow verses differential pressure and cleanability of a self cleaning HEPA grade sintered metal filter element, together with data to prove the contention.
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Rasskazova, Ieva, and Asnate Kirse-Ozolina. "Field pea Pisum Sativum L. as a perspective ingredient for vegan foods: a review." In Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.019.

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Dry seeds of peas (Pisum sativum L.) have long been used as a staple food and feed globally, and its nutritional, health and ecological benefits comply with growing demand for novel vegan foods intended for health and sustainability conscious individuals. The aim of this study was to review research findings and latest information on field pea usage as a functional ingredient in vegan foods. Monographic method was used to analyse field pea Pisum sativum L. usage as a diverse and multifunctional ingredient in vegan foods, covering latest available information on chemical composition of field pea and main food ingredients made from field pea, focusing on the varieties from which yellow split pea is produced; their impact on ready product’s nutrition, sensory properties and application in food industry. Major types of novel vegan foods containing field peas available on market were named. Pea protein, starch and fibre have demonstrated functional properties in different food systems, including – emulsification, oil-in-water system stabilisation, texture modification, binding, gelation, foaming, and solubility. It is functionally possible and nutritionally and ecologically desirable to develop novel vegan foods intended as animal product alternatives with acceptable sensory properties.
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5

Herrmann, Marion, Wolfgang Lippmann, and Antonio Hurtado. "The Release of Radionuclides in the Laser Decontamination Process." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75958.

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The decommissioning of nuclear installations requires the decontamination of radioactively contaminated concrete surfaces in order to minimize the amount of radioactive waste to be disposed of as well as the exposure time of the staff during this works. The rapid progress in the development of laser technology has yielded high-performance diode lasers whose radiation can be guided over a long distance by means of glass-fibre optical units. This opens up the possibility of implementing unconventional laser-based decontamination processes. The aim of the method presented here is to combine melting and contactless ablation of a radioactively contaminated concrete surface by means of a laser beam with waste product conditioning. It is intended to design the process in such a way that a maximum of the radioactivity present at the surface is incorporated in the glass melt (= conditioning of waste products). The glassy granulate obtained is very well suited for direct final storage due to its physical and chemical properties. The portion of radioactive isotopes that are released in the process, but not incorporated during the ablation process is selectively deposited in a cooled electro-filter. To prove the effectiveness of the method, research was focused on decontamination experiments conducted on concrete samples contaminated with 137Cs, 60Co and 85Sr. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the concrete samples was varied (quartzitic, quartzitic-calcitic) to take account of the different release conditions in real concrete structures. The experiments showed that 85Sr and 60Co are highly soluble in the glass melt. Their release rate is very low as they have a relatively high boiling point. 137Cs also exhibits a great affinity to the glass melt, but is more easily released again in the high temperature range due to its low boiling point of approx. 700 °C. The released portion of 137Cs is then deposited in the upstream electro-filter. The overall assessment is that the intended decontamination process with simultaneous conditioning of waste products is basically feasible using today’s laser technology. The special advantage can be seen in the great versatility and easy control of the laser unit that is equipped with a fibre-optical system. Furthermore, laser ablation can be set up as a low-dust process, which minimizes problematic secondary contamination.
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6

Kociszewski, L., R. Stepien, J. Buzniak, and E. Poninska. "Relationship Between Optical Fiber Properties And Chemical Composition Of Used Glasses." In Optical Fibres and Their Applications, edited by Ryszard S. Romaniuk and Mieczyslaw Szustakowski. SPIE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.938956.

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7

Manman, Xi, Lu Kun, Li Zhiwei, and Huang Lirong. "Composition modulation of InGaAsP/InP grown by Metal-Organic Chemical-Vapor Deposition." In Fiber-Based Technologies and Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fbta.2014.jf2a.39.

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8

Buric, Michael P., Kevin P. Chen, Joel Falk, and Steven D. Woodruff. "Biomedical OpticsPhotonic-Crystal-Fiber Raman Spectroscopy for Real-Time, Gas-Composition Analysis." In Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacsea.2008.pdpjma9.

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Korovina, Valentina, Nikolay Kozlov, and Tamara Komkova. "CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WILD SAMPLES OFTIMOTHY-GRASS (PHLEUM PRATENSE L.)." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-22-70-65-69.

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The research was carried out in the field at the Central experimental base of the Federal Williams Research Center. The object of research was 13 samples of timothy-grass. Samples were sown according to the scheme of a standard collection nursery. All studies and observations were carried out on the herbage of the 2nd and 3rd year of life. Statistical processing of the research results indicates a low level of variation. The sample № 414 stood out high content of raw protein and raw fat. Two significant correlations were found (between the content of phosphorus and potassium, as well as between crude fiber and crude ash). Analysis of remoteness and kinship between samples showed the presence of 5 clusters (genetically different quality groups), which can be used for breeding for combinational ability and fixing of breeding-valuable features and properties.
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Huang, Xiao-bing, Shao-dan Peng, Ji-hua Li, and Li-jing Lin. "Effect of Preparation Methods on the Composition and Structure of Dietary Fiber from Bamboo Shoot." In International Conference on Chemical,Material and Food Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cmfe-15.2015.43.

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