Journal articles: 'Fibre chemical composition'

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Sumithra, Murugesan, and Gayathri Murugan. "Extraction and characterization of natural fibres form Elettaria Cardamomum." Tekstilna industrija 69, no. 2 (2021): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2102030s.

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Natural fibres are one of the good alternative sources for replacing synthetic fibres and reinforcing polymer matrices because of their eco-friendly nature. The present study was undertaken to investigate the fibres extract from Elettaria Cardamomum plant. The extracted Elettaria Cardamomum fibre was treated with NaOH for softening. Natural cellulose fibres extracted from Elettaria Cardamomum stems (ECS) have been characterized for their chemical composition and physical properties.The chemical composition of Elettaria Cardamomumstems (ECS) fi bres is, cellulose 60.44%, lignin 25.25%, wax 0.53%, ash 5.45%. Regarding physical properties of the fibres, single fibre strength was evaluated and the result was compared with cotton fibre and linen fibre.

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Depuydt, Delphine EC, Nick Sweygers, Lise Appels, Jan Ivens, and Aart W. van Vuure. "Bamboo fibres sourced from three global locations: A microstructural, mechanical and chemical composition study." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 38, no. 9 (February 11, 2019): 397–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684419828532.

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More than 1200 bamboo species are known; therefore, the question arises which species are suited for composites and which microstructural characteristics of the plant are decisive. Three different bamboo species are considered, each of two ages. Technical fibre tensile tests and impregnated fibre bundle tests were performed to characterize the fibres and maceration was applied to determine the length over diameter ratio of the elementary fibres. From the impregnated fibre bundle tests it is concluded that the stiffness of bamboo fibres from tropical species considered in this research is unaffected by the species nor the age of the plant. The strength is more affected by the region of growth, with the temperate bamboo species having lower strength as a result of a lower length over diameter ratio of the elementary fibre. Chemical analysis helped to investigate the age difference and it can be stated that the fibres are mature within one growing season.

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Chen, Guicui, Zhong Wang, Lifeng Zhang, Hua Liu, Guohe Wang, Shudong Wang, Xiao Qin, Lei Zhao, and Yan Liu. "Influence of chemical composition of windmill palm fibre on crystallinity after alkali peroxide bleaching by grey model." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (January 2019): 155892501988345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019883451.

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To study the relationship between the chemical composition and aggregation structure of windmill palm fibres, the Grey System theory, least-squares method and MATLAB® software were used to develop a grey model that relates the crystallinity index to the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content of the fibres after alkaline peroxide bleaching. The mean arithmetic error (=0.109) of the grey model (GM (1,4)) indicated that the model could predict the crystallinity of windmill palm fibre based on its chemical composition. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman microscopy were used to characterize the morphology and chemical composition of the windmill palm fibres before and after alkaline peroxide bleaching. The results indicated that silica, as well as most of the pectin, hemicellulose and lignin, were removed after peroxide bleaching, and thus, the crystallinity index of the peroxide-bleached samples increased. The GM (1,4) provided a reference for studying the influence of the chemical composition of windmill palm fibre on its aggregate structure.

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Jančík, F., P. Homolka, B. Čermák, and F. Lád. "Determination of indigestible neutral detergent fibre contents of grasses and its prediction from chemical composition." Czech Journal of Animal Science 53, No. 3 (March 5, 2008): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2716-cjas.

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Five grass species (Dactylis glomerata L., Phleum pratense L., Lolium perenne L., Festuca arundinacea L.) and the hybrid Felina (Lolium multiflorum L. × Festuca arundinacea L.), commonly used in roughages for ruminants, were harvested at different maturities of primary growth (n = 60) and evaluated for contents of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, crude fat, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), indigestible neutral detergent fibre (INDF) and digestible neutral detergent fibre (DNDF). INDF and DNDF contents were determined by in sacco rumen degradation of grasses for 12 days in non-lactating cows. ADL content was found to be highly correlated (P < 0.05) with DNDF (r = –0.87) and presented a reliable (R2 = 0.78; residual mean square error of 17.65 g/kg DM; P < 0.0001) parameter to predict INDF contents. Over a six-week period of maturation INDF contents increased (P < 0.0001) in all studied grasses. It was confirmed by this study that the INDF contents of grasses, which markedly increased during maturation, could be effectively predicted from ADL contents.

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Zhao, Ying Na, Jia Chen Liu, Cai Fen Wang, and Wen Li Zhang. "The Interlayer Designation for ZTM Ceramics and Fibre Joining." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 878–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.878.

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The joining materials of density ceramics and the fibre would be potential application value as seal materials at high temperature condition or in aerospace field. According to chemical composition consistent principle of ceramics/interfaces/fibre, the interlayer of mullite ingredient was designed which based on the ZTM ceramics composition. Using the absorber-microwaves properties of Al-Si alloy, the joining of ZTM ceramics and fibre materials with interlayer was achieved by microwave hybrid heating method. The experiment results indicated that the volume expansion of interlayer was about 4.8% when the content of Al-Si was 24 wt % in the compositions. The interlayer ingredients were mullite, zirconia and alumina after sintering. The fibres were better joint with interlayer by microwave sintering than by traditional method.

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Vasumathi, M., and Murali Vela. "Fracture Behaviour of Chemically Treated Reshira-Epoxy Composite and Optimization of Parameters for Composite Fabrication." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.182.

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Natural fiber composite is nowadays used as an alternative to conventional materials. In this work, the natural fibre, Reshira is tried with epoxy resin, for the first time, as a composite material to be used for various applications. The reshira fiber is chemically treated with sodium hydroxide for better adhesion between fibre and resin. The reshira fiber–epoxy composite is fabricated with varying chemical concentrations of sodium hydroxide solution, fiber lengths and fiber volume fractions. The composite samples are subjected to tensile, flexural and impact tests and the optimum composition that produces maximum mechanical performance is selected. Further the optimum sample is tested for its fracture toughness property.

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Gugała, Sikorska, Zarzecka, Findura, and Malaga–Toboła. "Chemical Composition of Winter Rape Seeds Depending on the Biostimulators Used." Agronomy 9, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110716.

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Plant growth regulators may reduce the negative effect of environmental stress factors and can contribute to increasing the quality and quantity of the yield. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of biostimulators on the quality of seeds of three winter rape morphotypes. Three varieties of winter rape were used: Poznaniak (population variety), PX104 (hybrid variety restored with a semi-dwarf growth type) and Konkret (hybrid variety restored with a traditional growth type). The varieties were exposed to three treatments: the biostimulator Tytanit®, the biostimulator Asahi®SL and the biostimulator Silvit®, and the control with no biostimulators. Seeds were analysed for content of crude fat, total fat and crude fibres. The biostimulators reduced total protein content (on average from 0.8 to 1.75 g·kg−1 of d.m.) and increased the concentration of crude fat (on average from 0.71 to 1.93 g·kg−1 of d.m.) and crude fibre (on average from 0.15 to 0.84 g·kg−1 of d.m.) compared to the control. PX104 had the highest content of crude fat and total fat protein, and the lowest in crude fibre. The smallest protein content was found in seeds of the long-stem hybrid Konkret, while crude fat was lowest in the population form (Poznaniak), and crude fibre was lowest in long-stem hybrid (Konkret).

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Zimniewska, Malgorzata, Andrzej Zbrowski, Wanda Konczewicz, Andrzej Majcher, Jan Przybylski, Krzysztof Matecki, Marek Wiśniewski, Jerzy Mańkowski, and Anna Kicińska-Jakubowska. "Cottonisation of Decorticated Flax Fibres." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 25 (June 30, 2017): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1685.

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The commonly used flax process of decortication allows the mechanical extraction of fibre from plant stems without prior retting. The one-type fibre obtained in this process is characterised by very low quality, as it is poorly divided, has high linear mass and high amounts of impurities. This paper presents a description of a newly developed method of obtaining high quality flax cottonized fibre from low quality decorticated fibre by application of a wet degumming process for fibre. The experiment involved studying the parameters of flax fibres after each step of the technological process i.e. after decortication, wet degumming and final mechanical cottonisation. The study covered tests of the following fiber parameters: linear mass, length, impurities, chemical composition as well as thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and scanning electron microscopy images. The results confirm the efficiency of the method applied for obtaining high quality fibre from decorticated flax fibre.

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Tan, Yung. "Chemical Sensing Applications of Carbon Nanotube-Deposited Optical Fibre Sensors." Chemosensors 6, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors6040055.

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Carbon nanotubes are unique one-dimensional materials which can experience a modification in their optical properties as the chemical composition of their ambient environment varies. One of the ways to interrogate these variations in optical properties is through the use of optical fibres. As such, their integration with optical fibre technology would potentially allow for the development of devices for various chemical sensing applications.

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A. A., Lamidi, and Joseph O. O. "Chemical Composition and Nutritive Parameters of Maize Stover (Zea Mays) Fractions and Cassava (Manihort Esculanta) Foliage for Sustainable Ruminant Production." Journal of Biotechnology Research, no. 62 (March 24, 2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jbr.62.7.11.

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Chemical composition and nutritive parameters of maize stover (Zea mays) fractions and cassava (Manihort esculanta) foliage for sustainable ruminant production was studied. Cassava foliage and fractions of maize stover (stem and leaf) were gathered and oven dried for proximate composition, fibre fractions and nutritive parameters (Dry matter intake (DMI), Digestible dry matter (DDM) and Relative feed value (RFV) were calculated. The experimental design was a completely randomized design (CRD). Results shows a significant difference (P<0.05) in the all the parameters considered for the proximate composition across the experimental treatments. The contents ranged from 85.21 – 88.77% for dry matter (DM), 6.27 – 19.72%, 1.89 – 3.78%, 14.89 – 17.08%, 51.88 – 62.47%, 3.27 – 11.23% and 36.90 – 56.70% for crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), ash and non-fibre carbohydrate (NFE), respectively. Cassava foliage had highest (P<0.05) contents of fibre fractions considered. The acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), cellulose (CEL) and hemicellulose (HEM) were 59.18%, 18.36%, 26.50% and 27.10%, respectively for CSL. There was a significant different (P<0.05) in the phytochemical contents across the experimental materials. Similar (P>0.05) value was recorded for DMI, DDM and RFV. Conclusively, the experimental treatments exhibited nutritional qualities that made them a feed resources for ruminant production. Cassava foliage had better proximate composition and fibre fractions, therefore it is recommended for the farmers.

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Belachew, Z., K. Yisehak, T. Taye, and G. P. J. Janssens. "Chemical composition and in sacco ruminal degradation of tropical trees rich in condensed tannins." Czech Journal of Animal Science 58, No. 4 (April 3, 2013): 176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6712-cjas.

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The study was aimed at determining the chemical composition, in sacco ruminal dry matter and organic matter degradability of leaves and fruits of tropical condensed tannin rich multipurpose tree species (MPTS). The MPTS studied were Ekebergia capenesis, Ficus sycomorus, Maesa lanceolata, and Rhus glutinosa. Chemical composition of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), non-fibre carbohydrates (NFC), and condensed tannin (CT) was determined. In sacco rumen degradability was measured using three rumen fistulated Holstein Friesian-Boran cross steers at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The DM and organic matter (OM) degradability data were fitted to the equation Y = a + b(1 – e–ct). The values for each chemical constituent ranged 5.43–11.49% (CA), 7.97–17.06% (CP), 1.57–31% (EE), 12.20–27.5% (CF), 5.84–39.30% (NFC), and 7.2–16.72% (CT). Ekebergia capensis leaves had the greatest values for slowly degradable fraction (b), effective degradability (ED), and rate of degradation (c) in DM (P < 0.001) whereas E. capensis fruit had significantly the greatest soluble fraction (a), potential degradability (b), and effective degradability (ED) values as compared to the a, PD, and ED values in the fruits of other plants(P < 0.001). Yet in OM degradation kinetics, the greatest and least values of potential degradability (PD) were recorded for F. sycomorus (89.89%) and E. capensis (55.90%) leaves (P < 0.001). Similar to the rapidly soluble fraction a, ED was found to be the greatest in fruits as compared to leaves of the plants (P < 0.001). Generally variation of plant parts led to significant differences in chemical composition, DM, and OM degradability and the degradable parameters. The leaves and fruits recorded more than 60% DM and OM degradability at 24 h, which implied that they were all greatly degradable in the rumen.

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Li, Cuiyu, Yameng Shi, Rui Zhang, Gaopan Wang, and Jingyan Jia. "Effect of surface modifications on the properties of UHMWPE fibres and their composites." e-Polymers 19, no. 1 (May 8, 2019): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2019-0006.

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AbstractIn this study, ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibres, modified by acetic acid, sulfuric acid and water at a ratio of 20:25:2 for different time periods and modified UHMWPE/EP composites were prepared. The micromorphology, chemical composition, contact angle, H sample extraction, tensile properties and bending performance of the composite material of the UHMWPE fibres before and after modification were tested and analysed. The results show that, after the UHMWPE fibres were treated with the modified liquid, the surface roughness of the fibre increased, the contact angle decreased, and the surface chemical composition and species significantly changed; the mechanical properties of the composites are best when the fibres were treated for 9 min. For the same fibre content, the specific strength, specific modulus and bending load of UHMWPE composites treated for 9 min were increased by 16.7%, 82.9% and 55.3%, respectively, compared with untreated samples.

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Nirmal, Umar, Saijod T. W. Lau, and Jamil Hashim. "Interfacial Adhesion Characteristics of Kenaf Fibres Subjected to Different Polymer Matrices and Fibre Treatments." Journal of Composites 2014 (November 6, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/350737.

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This study is aimed at determining the interfacial adhesion strength (IAS) of kenaf fibres using different chemical treatments in hydrochloric (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with different concentrations. Single fibre pullout tests (SFPT) were carried out for both untreated and treated fibres partially embedded into three different polymer matrices; polyester, epoxy, and polyurethane (PU) as reinforcement blocks and tested under dry loading conditions. The study revealed that kenaf fibres treated with 6% NaOH subjected to polyester, epoxy, and PU matrices exhibits excellent IAS while poor in acidic treatment. The effect of SFPT results was mainly attributed to chemical composition of the fibres, types of fibre treatments, and variation in resin viscosities. By scanning electron microscopy examination of the material failure morphology, the fibres experienced brittle and ductile fibre breakage mechanisms after treatment with acidic and alkaline solutions.

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Mwalugha, Heltan M., Joseph G. Wakibia, Glaston M. Kenji, and Mwanjala A. Mwasaru. "Chemical Composition of Common Seaweeds from the Kenya Coast." Journal of Food Research 4, no. 6 (October 26, 2015): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v4n6p28.

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The gross nutritional profile of 34 seaweed species from three sites (Mkomani, Kibuyuni and Mtwapa) in coastal Kenya were studied. The crude fat, crude protein, crude fibre and crude ash were determined by the standard AOAC methods while the nitrogen-free extract (NFE) was calculated by weight difference of the chemical components. The chemical constituents of the seaweeds varied significantly among the algal divisions, species, months and sites (p<0.05). The major chemical components was the NFE with a mean value of 42.09 ± 0.83% dry weight (DW) followed by crude ash (31.94 ± 0.78% DW), crude fibre (14.08 ± 0.26% DW), crude protein (10.09 ± 0.26% DW), whereas the least component was crude fat with a mean value of 1.81 ± 0.04% DW (p<0.05). The crude protein levels were positively correlated with nitrogen content and in crude fibre and negatively with NFE, crude fat and crude ash (p<0.05). The findings on the gross nutritional profile of the seaweeds in this study could be used as a basis for more advanced research on nutritional information guideline and as potential resources for seaweed-based products for improved human and animal nutrition.

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Schwarzová, Ivana. "Investigation of Observed Changes in Treated Hemp Hurds." GeoScience Engineering 62, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2016-0021.

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Abstract The effort to achieve sustainable development using renewable materials instead of limited ones is the current trend in the construction industry. Need for the development of environmentally friendly products is related to industrial interest in using natural plant fibres as reinforcement in composites. The combination of organic filler and inorganic matrix creates high-quality products such as fibre boards and composites. Industrial hemp fibres are one of the mostly used natural fibres and due to their unique mechanical, thermal insulation, acoustic and antiseptic properties have a great potential in composite materials. However, improving the interfacial bond between fibre and matrix is an important factor in fibre-reinforced composites. Optimizing the adhesion between fibre and inorganic matrix is related to surface treatment processes. This paper deals with morphology characterization, study changes in the chemical composition and structure of hemp fibres using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) before and after physico-chemical treatment.

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Kesavelu, Dr Dhanasekhar, and Dr Nithya Franklyn. "Review on the role and recommendation for dietary fibers in Childhood constipation." International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Invention 8, no. 01 (January 27, 2021): 5214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v8i01.06.

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The plant material in the diet that is resistant to enzymatic digestion is defined as “dietary fibre”. The primary ingredients that are classified as dietary fibres are cellulose, hemicellulose, pectic substances, gums, mucilages and lignin etc. Dietary fibre naturally exist in foods that are consumed daily viz.,cereals, fruits, vegetables and nuts. The diets with high content of fibre have shown benefits in multiple areas and systems in maintaining a mileu’-interior. Processing of foods leads to various changes in physical, chemical, enzymatic and thermal treatments, which may affect the composition of total fiber present in the diet.Fibres included in the diet leads to various changes in the qualitative aspects of the food that is processed. Favourable outcomes have been reported in various commodities such as cereals,bread,yoghurt and beverages. The importance and the uses of fibres in diet is an area of constant interest which needs to be explored further and our paper reviews and explains the relation between dietary fibres and their benefits, primarily in children [1]

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Kuchtová, Veronika, Jolana Karovičová, Zlatica Kohajdová, and Lucia Minarovičová. "Chemical composition and functional properties of pumpkin pomace-incorporated crackers." Acta Chimica Slovaca 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acs-2016-0009.

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AbstractPumpkin pomace obtained from cultivar (Cucurbita moschata Duch) was analyzed for their chemical composition and functional properties. Pumpkin pomace powder contained more than 50 mass % of total dietary fibre and showed high hydration properties such as water holding capacity (5.70 g · g−1) and swelling capacity (10.26 cm3· g−1). The effect of pumpkin pomace incorporation to wheat dough by replacement of wheat flour with pumpkin pomace (5 or 7.5 %) on physical properties (volume, volume index, width, thickness, spread ratio) and sensory parameters (appearance, hardness, taste, odor, overall acceptability) of cracker were evaluated. The results indicated that the addition of higher amount (7.5 % mass) of pumpkin pomace powder negatively affected the volume, volume index, spread ratio and reduced their overall acceptance. Pumpkin pomace is a good source of ash and dietary fibres and may be incorporated into baked goods as a functional ingredient.

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Arrigoni, Eva, Andrea Caprez, Renato Amadò, and Hans Neukom. "Chemical composition and physical properties of modified dietary fibre sources." Food Hydrocolloids 1, no. 1 (September 1986): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0268-005x(86)80007-8.

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Elleuch, Mohamed, Souhail Besbes, Olivier Roiseux, Christophe Blecker, Claude Deroanne, Nour-Eddine Drira, and Hamadi Attia. "Date flesh: Chemical composition and characteristics of the dietary fibre." Food Chemistry 111, no. 3 (December 2008): 676–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.04.036.

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Oscarsson, M., R. Andersson, A. C. Salomonsson, and P. Åman. "Chemical Composition of Barley Samples Focusing on Dietary Fibre Components." Journal of Cereal Science 24, no. 2 (September 1996): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcrs.1996.0049.

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Abu, O. A., and L. S. Turner. "Chemical composition of tropical forages and their acceptability by the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i5.1273.

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The suitability of seven forages (Moringa. oleifera, Ficus thonningii, Leucaena. leucocephala, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, G Gliricidia sepium, Albizia saman and Azadirachta indica) as feed resources for feeding domestic rabbits was studied. The acceptability, chemical analysis and crude fiber fractions were determined. The acceptability of the forages was assessed by cafeteria method using coefficient of preference (CoP). Five adult rabbits weighing 720±20.5g were used. The acceptability of the forages was best inM. oleifera (CoP > 1) followed by F. thoninngii. G. sepium, L. leucocephala and E. cyclocarpum had similar acceptability while A. indica and A. Saman had low acceptability. The order of acceptability was:M. oleifera > F. thonningii > L. leucocephala >E. cyclocarpum >G. sepium >A. indica and >A. saman. The chemical analysis of the five most acceptable forages showed that F. thoninngii had the least crude protein (CP) of 10.3% compared to the others forages that had CP ranging from 24 -30%.M. oleifera also had the least crude fibre (CF) of 9.0% compared to the other forages CF which ranged 14 -19% F. thonningii and L. leucocephala also had low ether extract (EE) of 6.0 and 8.0%respectively. The acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) fractions of the five most acceptable forages fell within the same range. In conclusion all the five most acceptable forages namely: M. oleifera, F. thonningii, L .leucocephala, E. cyclocarpum, G. sepium are possible legume feed resource for rabbits especially during the dry season.

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Schönberg, C., T. Oksanen, A. Suurnäkki, H. Kettunen, and J. Buchert. "The Importance of Xylan for the Strength Properties of Spruce Kraft Pulp Fibres." Holzforschung 55, no. 6 (November 6, 2001): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2001.104.

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Summary In this work the role of xylan in spruce kraft pulp fibres was investigated by selectively removing the pulp fibre xylan and also by sorbing xylan onto the pulp fibres. The effects of xylan removal and sorption on fibre properties were measured and the chemical composition of the fibres and also that of the selectively removed xylans was analyzed. According to the results the xylanase could act on both sorbed and native xylan located on accessible fibre surfaces. Xylan was found to affect the strength properties of handsheets. The location and the charge of xylan had a considerable impact on the formation of interfibre bonds. Scott Bond-values correlated with the amount of surface xylan on fibre surfaces, whereas tensile strength was affected by the total amount of xylan and particularly by the total charge of the fibres. The fracture energy was determined by the combined effect of interfibre bonding ability and effective fibre length.

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Klyuev, Sergey V., Tolya A. Khezhev, Yu V. Pukharenko, and A. V. Klyuev. "The Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Constructions Experimental Research." Materials Science Forum 931 (September 2018): 598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.598.

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The article proves the efficiency of the construction-based use of fibre concrete. The technique of high-quality fine-grained fibre concrete creation is presented. The chemical composition of the binder was studied and the physical and mechanical characteristics of the filler were revealed. 2 types of steel fibers were studied: anchor and in the form of a fir-tree. The conducted studies proved the effectiveness of dispersed reinforcement with steel fiber. It is established, that the usage of fiber in the form of a fir-tree the greatest increase of operational characteristics is reached.

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Lebedová, Nicole, Tersia Needham, Jaroslav Čítek, Monika Okrouhlá, Kateřina Zadinová, Kamila Pokorná, and Roman Stupka. "Comparison of two muscle fibre staining techniques and their relation to pork quality traits." Czech Journal of Animal Science 65, No. 6 (June 25, 2020): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/23/2020-cjas.

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This study compared two histochemical staining methods of muscle fibres and evaluated their relationship with the meat quality traits of two high-value porcine muscles. Immunohistochemical (IHC) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) staining was used to assess the cross-sectional area and proportion of fibre-types I, IIa, IIx and IIb in the samples of longissimus lumborum (LL) and psoas major (PM) muscles collected one-hour post-mortem from 25 crossbred pigs [Large WhiteSire × (Landrace × Large WhiteDam)] at an average age of 152 days. Muscles differed in all fibre parameters, except the proportion and relative area of type IIx fibres. The LL muscle exhibited greater fibre cross-sectional areas of all fibre types, higher proportions of type IIb/IIB, and lower proportions of I and IIa fibres than the PM muscle in both staining techniques. These two muscles also differed marginally in moisture, crude protein and intramuscular fat content. The PM muscle showed a low correlation between fibre types and chemical composition, but the LL muscle showed moderate correlations between fibre CSA and area composition for moisture and ash content. After IHC staining, an increase in LL eye muscle area and drip loss were correlated with lower proportions of type I fibres, while a greater proportion of type IIx fibres resulted in increased LL eye muscle area and moisture content. Furthermore, a higher CSA of all fibre types in the LL decreased redness (a*) and moisture content of the muscle. Results showed that IHC is more appropriate than ATPase staining for the assessment of relationships between muscle fibre parameters and meat quality traits in pigs.

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Carrillo, Artemio, Ingo Mayer, Gerald Koch, and František Hapla. "Wood Anatomical Characteristics and Chemical Composition Of Prosopis Laevigata Grown in the Northeast of Mexico." IAWA Journal 29, no. 1 (2008): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000167.

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Structural heartwood characteristics for Prosopis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) M.C. Johnst., including a histometrical evaluation, were obtained by light microscopy coupled with a digitised image analysis system. The growth ring boundaries of the semi-ring-porous or diffuseporous wood are often marked by a marginal parenchyma band. Average fibre length is 975 μm, the fibres are thick-walled with a single cell wall thickness of 13 μm on average. Average diameter of the vessels which are arranged in non-specific patterns differs significantly between earlywood (116 μm) and latewood (44 μm). The topochemical distribution of lignin and phenolic deposits in the tissue was investigated by means of scanning UV microspectrophotometry (UMSP). Thereby, in heartwood tissue the deposition of extractives in vessels, pit canals, parenchyma cells, fibre lumina and partly also in the S2 layers of the fibres was detected. Monosaccharides were qualitatively and quantitatively determined by borate complex anion exchange chromatography. Holocellulose content is between 61.5 and 64.7% and Klason lignin content between 29.8 and 31.4%. Subsequent extraction of the soluble compounds was performed with petrolether, acetone/water and methanol/water by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). Total extractives content in heartwood ranges between 14 to 16% on a dry weight basis. Major compounds in acetone/water extracts were identified as (-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin and taxifolin, and quantitatively determined by liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC-UV).

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Abdullah, ABM, Maruf Abony, MT Islam, MS Hasan, MAK Oyon, and Md Bokhtiar Rahman. "Extraction and Proximate Study of Sansevieria Trifasciata L. As Fibre Source for Textile and Other Uses." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 46, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v46i2.54411.

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Natural fibres are getting importance for their sustainable development in their uses in mitigation of climate change and ecological balance. A fibre extraction retting method is formulated and proximate chemical composition and various physical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, diameter along with fibre, cellulose, lignin and ash content were determined. This preliminary observation indicates its potential to be used as a source of fibre for textile and non-textile uses such as woven, nonwoven, composite, blanded and a good source of α-cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, nano-cellulose and lignin-based products. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 46(2): 155-162, December 2020

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27

Straková, E., P. Suchý, V. Večerek, V. Šerman, N. Mas, and M. Jůzl. "Nutritional Composition of Seeds of the Genus Lupinus." Acta Veterinaria Brno 75, no. 4 (2006): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200675040489.

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The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the chemical composition of the seeds of the genus Lupinus and soybeans. The chemical analyses were carried out in frequently grown lupin varieties in Europe (AMIGA, ANDA, ATU, BORUTA, BUTAN, DIETA, JUNO, KARO, PRIMA, ROSE, SONET and WATT) and two locally grown varieties of soybeans (KORADA and VISION). The contents of individual substances in analysed lupin seeds showed large differences in chemical composition of individual lupin varieties (crude protein: 317.06 - 458.86 g kg-1; lipids: 52.15 - 125.76 g kg-1; fibre: 101.21 - 154.23 g kg-1; non-nitrogenous extractive substances: 285.94 - 436.47 g kg-1; starch: 41.31 - 102.65 g kg-1; organic matter: 951.75 - 966.24 g kg-1; ash: 33.76 - 48.25 g kg-1; calcium: 2.29 - 5.10 g kg-1; phosphorus: 4.62 - 8.04 g kg-1; magnesium: 1.36 - 2.51 g kg-1; acid detergent fibre: 133.13 - 209.25 g kg-1). Lupin seeds were characterized by high contents of crude protein; in some varieties they significantly exceeded the content of crude protein in soybeans. In contrast to lupine seeds, soybeans contained a significantly higher content of lipids and lower content of fibre including acid detergent fibre. In lupin seeds, a negative correlation coefficient was found between the crude protein and BNLV content (r = -0.93) and between crude protein and starch content (r = -0.79). A positive correlation (r = 0.76) was found between the starch and BNLV content in lupin seeds. The results of the study provide information not only for growers regarding the choice of individual lupin varieties, but also for breeders who intend to use lupin seeds as suitable components for feed rations and mixtures.

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Radosavljević, Milica, Marija Milašinović-Šeremešić, Dušanka Terzić, Života Jovanović, Jelena Srdić, and Valentina Nikolić. "Grain chemical composition of dents, popping maize and sweet maize genotypes." Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 24, no. 2 (2020): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jpea24-28790.

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Maize is one of the most important field crops both in the world and in our country. All commercially grown maize hybrids can be classified into one of five elementary types: dent, flint, floury, popping and sweet maize. The objectives of this study were to characterize the grain chemical compositions of yellow-seeded and white-seeded maize dents, popping maize and sweet maize genotypes. The results show that grains contents of starch, protein, oil, crude fibre, and ash of four selected maize genotypes ranged in the intervals: 53.54-68.13%; 9.19-13.00%; 4.35-5.39%; 2.13-3.93% and 1.28-2.85%, respectively. The amylose to amylopectin ratio varied from 21:79 to 28:72, which is a principal property of normal maize starch. The content of lignocellulosic fibres: NDF, ADF, ADL, hemicellulose and cellulose ranged from 11.31-15.27%; 2.51-3.54%, 0.24-0.52%, 8.10-12.68% and 2.14-3.02%, respectively. The solubility index of albumin, globulin, zein and glutelin ranged from 9.46-29.42%, 5.64-13.13%, 21.11-28.10% and 18.81-23.69%, respectively

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Rivas, María Ángeles, Rocío Casquete, María de Guía Córdoba, Santiago Ruíz-Moyano, María José Benito, Francisco Pérez-Nevado, and Alberto Martín. "Chemical Composition and Functional Properties of Dietary Fibre Concentrates from Winemaking By-Products: Skins, Stems and Lees." Foods 10, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071510.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate, from a technological and nutritional point of view, the chemical composition and functional properties of the industrial winemaking by-products, namely skins, stems and lees. The chemical and physical characteristics, as well as the functional properties (fat and water retention and swelling capacity, antioxidant capacity, and their prebiotic effect), of the dietary fibre of these by-products were studied. The results showed that the skins, stems, and lees are rich in fibre, with the stem fibre containing the highest amounts of non-extractable polyphenols attached to polysaccharides with high antioxidant activity and prebiotic effect. Lee fibre had the highest water retention capacity and oil retention capacity. The results reveal that winemaking by-products could be used as a source of dietary fibre with functional characteristics for food applications.

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Mustafa, Arif F., Philippe Seguin, and Bruce Gélinas. "Chemical composition, dietary fibre, tannins and minerals of grain amaranth genotypes." International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 62, no. 7 (May 20, 2011): 750–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2011.575770.

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Dietrich, Dagmar, Ulrich Roll, Sabine Stöckel, Kathrin Weise, and Günter Marx. "Structure and composition studies of chemical vapour-deposited BCN fibre coatings." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 374, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 712–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-002-1452-2.

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32

Longland, A. C., S. P. Bray, and A. G. Low. "The prediction of digestible energy content of feedstuffs for growing pigs through knowledge of chemical composition." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1996 (March 1996): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600031081.

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Equations based on the chemical composition of feedstuffs have traditionally been used to predict the energy value of cereal-based diets for pigs. However, the dietary fibre fraction is the greatest source of variation in predicting energy value and it is recognised that the predictive power of equations could be improved by the use of more detailed chemical analysis of the fibre fraction, as opposed to using more traditional gravimetric techniques which do not define specific chemical entities. The potentially fermentable fraction of dietary fibre is the non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) portion and there are methods available to allow the routine measurement of total NSP and its constituent monomers. In this study we investigated the effect of including total NSP and its major constituent monomers as independent variables in data sets for step-wise regression analysis in addition to more traditional measurements of fibre content on the accuracy of equations designed to predict the energy value of feedstuffs for pigs.

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Lavoratti, Alessandra, Daiane Romanzini, Sandro C. Amico, and Ademir J. Zattera. "Influence of Fibre Treatment on the Characteristics of Buriti and Ramie Polyester Composites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 25, no. 4 (May 2017): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739111702500401.

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Natural fibres have recently attracted interest due to their beneficial characteristics such as low cost and biodegradability. This work aims to characterise in natura, washed and alkali-treated buriti and ramie fibres and to evaluate the influence of the chemical treatments in the mechanical and dynamic mechanical performances of their composites produced by resin transfer moulding (RTM). Fibres were cut to 45 mm in length, washed in distilled water and treated with 2, 5 and 10 wt.% sodium hydroxide solutions. The chemical composition of the washed fibres was not altered. The 2 wt.% NaOH solution increased the flexural strength of polyester/ramie composites by 70%, and improved the impact performance of the alkali-treated polyester/buriti composites. The polyester/ramie composites exhibited superior dynamic mechanical properties and better adhesion at the fibre/matrix interface, and the morphology of buriti limited the fibre wettability during the RTM processing.

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Daud, Zawawi, Halizah Awang, Angzzas Sari Mohd Kassim, Mohd Zainuri Mohd Hatta, and Ashuvila Mohd Aripin. "Comparison of Pineapple Leaf and Cassava Peel by Chemical Properties and Morphology Characterization." Advanced Materials Research 974 (June 2014): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.974.384.

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Proper waste management in Malaysia is needed for the organic wastes such as pineapple leaf and cassava peel where affects the increase the amount of solid waste dump into landfill. Thus, to overcome this problem agro waste material can be constructed in many production industries to commercialize the use of alternative fibre for the paper industry. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the use of fibrous in pineapple leaf and cassava peel by production of alternative fibre based on chemical properties and surface morphology characteristic. This study conducted for the chemical composition by analysed by TAPPI Test method, Chlorination method and Kuchner-Hoffner method. Every chemical components analyse; Cellulose (Kuchner-Hoofner), Holocellulose (Chlorination method), Hemicellulose (Chlorination method), Hemicellulose, Ash content (T211-om-93), Lignin content (T222-om-98) and Sodium Hydroxide soluble (T203-om-88). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe and determine the morphological characteristic of both crops. The result indicates that pineapple leaf more suitable for becoming an alternative fibre than cassava peels. Pineapple leaves have a high Holocellulose content (85.7%), cassava peels 66%, followed by Cellulose pineapple leaf (66.2%), cassava peels (37.9%). However, hemicellulose content in pineapple leaf (19.5%) less than cassava peels (37.0%). Lignin content of pineapple leaf is lower (4.2%) compared to cassava peels (7.52%) in this study. From SEM images, cassava peel contained abundance fibre such as hemicellulose and cellulose that is held by the lignin in it and Pineapple leaves give a condensed composition of fibre structure. The chemical compositions and morphology study of pineapple leaf and cassava indicate pineapple leaf have a high percentage to be used as an alternative pulp in paper making industry, promoting the green technology. However, cassava peels make some of properties that can also be through for the paper industry.

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Cucharero, Jose, Sara Ceccherini, Thad Maloney, Tapio Lokki, and Tuomas Hänninen. "Sound absorption properties of wood-based pulp fibre foams." Cellulose 28, no. 7 (March 7, 2021): 4267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03774-1.

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Abstract In this study, sound absorbing materials were produced through foam forming technique using hardwood and softwood pulps with varying chemical composition, ultrastructural, and morphological properties as raw materials. The sound absorption properties of the produced foams were measured and related to the ultrastructure and the morphology of the pulp fibres. All the fibre foams provided sound absorption properties comparable to those of conventional porous materials used for acoustic purposes. In general, further processing, as well as smaller fibre dimensions contribute to improve the sound absorption properties of the pulp fibre foams. The results provide valuable insight on the optimization of wood-based sound absorbing materials. Graphic abstract

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Klyuev, Sergey V., T. A. Khezhev, Yu V. Pukharenko, and A. V. Klyuev. "Experimental Study of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Structures." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.115.

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Acute questions of steelfiber using for disperse-reinforced fine-grained concrete are considered in the article. Researchers of steelfiber concrete patterns are held. The efficiency of using crushing dropout of quartzitic sandstone is proven. The article studies the physical and mechanical characteristics of the filler. The chemical composition of the binder is presented. For dispersed reinforcement of fine concrete the influence of steel fibre on the strength characteristics of the mixture was studied. The characteristics of the fiber and the technology of obtaining a fiber-concrete mixture are presented. Studies showed the effectiveness of steel fibre with a percentage of 3% and a cement-sand ratio of 1/3.

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37

Ekanem, N. J., U. Okah, F. O. Ahamefule, O. J. Ifut, K. Ikwunze, E. F. Udoh, H. A. Edet, and A. M. Orok. "Effect of method of preservation on the chemical composition of Enterolobium cyclocarpum leaves." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 1 (December 19, 2020): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i1.235.

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Enterolobium cyclocarpum leaves are less acceptable by ruminants due to their high contents of anti-nutritional factors. The effect of preserving Enterolobium cyclocarpum leaves as hay and silage or silage: hay combinations on the proximate, fibre fractions, anti-nutritional factors, minerals and vitamins compositions were investigated in this study. Six experimental treatments consisting of 100% fresh Enterolobium cyclocarpum leaves, 100% ensiled Enterolobium cyclocarpum leaves, 100% sun dried Enterolobium cyclocarpum leaves, 75% silage: 25% hay, 50% silage: 50% hay and 25% silage: 75% hay were formulated. Each treatment was replicated 3 times and analyzed for chemical composition. The crude protein content ranged from 14.70 – 22.05%, which significantly differed (p<0.05) across treatments with the highest value in the fresh leaves. The values for neutral detergent fibre ranged from 56.64 – 57.92 %, acid detergent fibre from 37.14 – 39.87 % and acid detergent lignin from 13.30 – 14.96 %, they all differed significantly (p<0.05) across treatments with highest values in the 100% ensiled treatment. Preservation as silage significantly (p<0.05) reduced the concentrations of tannin, phytate and hydrocyanic acid, while preservation as hay significantly (p<0.05) reduced the concentration of saponin. The mineral contents of the EC leaves preserved as silage, hay and silage: hay combinations (Treatments 2 - 6) compared favourably with the mineral contents of the fresh leaves (Treatment 1). Preserved EC leaves (Treatments 2 – 6) had significantly (p<0.05) higher concentrations of vitamin C (444.21 –657.60 mg/100g) than the fresh leaves (308.79mg/100g). Thus preservation of E. cyclocarpum leaves as silage or hay improved its chemical composition and reduced its contents of anti-nutritional factors.

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38

Salvador, Valérie, Christine Cherbut, Jean-Luc Barry, Dominique Bertrand, Christian Bonnet, and Jean Delort-Laval. "Sugar composition of dietary fibre and short-chain fatty acid production during in vitro fermentation by human bacteria." British Journal of Nutrition 70, no. 1 (July 1993): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19930116.

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The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the disappearance of dietary fibre sugars and the production of individual short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The bacterial degradation of five dietary fibres whose sugars were quantified was investigated in vitro using a human faecal inoculum. Involvement of the main fibre sugars in SCFA production was evaluated by a stepwise multiple linear regression. The results show first that the nature and chiefly the associations between the fibre sugars were key variables in the fermentability. Second, the nature and the amounts of SCFA produced were closely related to the in vitro fermentation of the main sugars available: uronic acids seemed to be principally involved in the production of acetic acid whereas the production of propionic acid could be promoted by the fermentation of glucose and, to a lesser extent, by that of xylose and arabinose. Xylose tended to have a greater impact than uronic acids and glucose on the production of butyric acid. Thus, it would be possible to predict which SCFA could be specifically produced during the fermentation of a fibre, as far as the chemical composition and structure of this fibre are known.

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39

Bastianelli, D., F. Grosjean, C. Peyronnet, M. Duparque, and J. M. Régnier. "Feeding value of pea (Pisum sativum, L.) 1. Chemical composition of different categories of pea." Animal Science 67, no. 3 (December 1998): 609–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800033051.

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AbstractLines of peas (no. = 213) grown in the same location were analysed for 1000 seed weight, protein, starch, fat, sugars, ashes and fibre content. Some 54 lines of peas out of the total 213 were grown in large amounts and analysed for the same criteria and also for amino acids, legumin, vicilin, lectins, trypsin inhibitor activity, carbohydrates, fatty acids, tannins, saponins. The lines have been arranged into four categories according to the shape, colour, weight, chemical composition and end uses of the seeds. Feed peas and garden peas are round and have similar composition in terms of protein, starch and fibre contents; they are tannin-free and have variable trypsin inhibitor activity. Coloured peas have also a round shape but differ from the feed and garden peas principally by tannins and also by lower starch, higher protein, higher fibre contents. Wrinkled peas differ from the feed and garden peas by lower starch, higher protein, higher fibre, higher lipid contents and their starch is characterized by a higher amylose/amylopectine ratio.

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40

Fridman, L. I., E. L. Braker, A. V. Shukarev, B. Kh Strelets, and E. Yu Egorova. "Composition and specific properties of carbon fibre sorbents based on polyacrylonitrile fibres." Fibre Chemistry 22, no. 5 (1991): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00552520.

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41

German-Báez, LJ, MA Valdez-Flores, JV Félix-Medina, CD Norzagaray-Valenzuela, DU Santos-Ballardo, C. Reyes-Moreno, LM Shelton, and A. Valdez-Ortiz. "Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of Phaeodactylum tricornutum microalgal residual biomass." Food Science and Technology International 23, no. 8 (June 28, 2017): 681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013217717611.

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The production of photosynthetic biofuels using microalgae is a promising strategy to combat the use of non-renewable energy sources. The microalgae residual biomass is a waste by-product of biofuel production; however, it could prove to have utility in the development of sustainable nutraceuticals and functional foods. In this study, a comprehensive characterisation of the under-utilised Phaeodactylum tricornutum microalgae residual biomass is presented. Proximal composition, antioxidant capacity (using three different antioxidant assays; oxygen radical absorbance capacity; radical cation activity, ABTS; and radical scavenging activity, DPPH), and total phenolic content of free and bound polyphenols were determined. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of water activity, pH, water absorption index, water solubility index, and dispersibility were evaluated. Results revealed that P. tricornutum microalgae residual biomass exhibits a relatively high protein and carbohydrate content, with values of 36.67% and 46.78%, respectively; and most carbohydrates were found as total dietary fibre (45.57%), of which insoluble dietary fibre was the most predominant (43.54%). Antioxidant capacity values for total phytochemicals of 106.22, 67.93, 9.54 µM TE g−1 dw were determined by oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ABTS, and DPPH assays, respectively. Total phenolic content was found to be 2.90 mg GAE g−1 dw. Interestingly, antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content were higher in bound than in free phytochemical extracts. The physicochemical analysis showed P. tricornutum microalgae residual biomass to have suitable properties for the generation of a beverage with Aw, pH, water absorption index, water solubility index, and dispersibility values of 0.45, 7.12, 3.40 g gel g−1 dw, 2.5 g solids 100 g−1 dw, and 90%, respectively. Hence, P. tricornutum microalgae residual biomass could be considered a potential source of bioactive compounds suitable for the production of functional food exhibiting antioxidant capacity and high dietary fibre content.

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42

Weigl, Martin, Gerald Maschl, Rupert Wimmer, and Roland Mitter. "Within-process and seasonal changes during industrial production of high-density fibreboard. Part 2: PLS modelling of chemical alterations, refining conditions and panel thickness swell." Holzforschung 66, no. 5 (July 1, 2012): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2012-0033.

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Abstract Wood species, carbohydrate composition and the content of extractives were determined from extracted wood chips and refiner fibres over 1 year of sampling at an industrial high-density fibreboard (HDF) plant. Correlations were found among processing variables (discharge screw flow, digester and refiner pressure, and refiner power consumption) and the analysed composition of raw materials and semi-finished product based on partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis. Moreover, correlations between the degree of hemicellulose degradation and process variables were found. Panel thickness swell (PTS) was found to be affected by several raw and fibre material characteristics (based on PLSR), in which PTS was lower in the case of good fibre quality. These results demonstrate the potential impact of variable raw material properties on product properties and processing conditions in an industrial environment.

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43

Hazrati, K. Z., S. M. Sapuan, M. Y. M. Zuhri, and R. Jumaidin. "Extraction and Characterization of Potential Biodegradable Materials Based on Dioscorea hispida Tubers." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040584.

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This study was driven by the stringent environmental legislation concerning the consumption and utilization of eco-friendly materials. Within this context, this paper aimed to examine the characteristics of starch and fibres from the Dioscorea hispida tuber plant to explore their potential as renewable materials. The extraction of the Dioscorea hispida starch and Dioscorea hispida fibres was carried out and the chemical composition, physical, thermal, morphological properties, and crystallinity were studied. The chemical composition investigations revealed that the Dioscorea hispida starch (DHS) has a low moisture t (9.45%) and starch content (37.62%) compared to cassava, corn, sugar palm, and arrowroot starches. Meanwhile, the Dioscorea hispida fibres (DHF) are significantly low in hemicellulose (4.36%), cellulose (5.63%), and lignin (2.79%) compared to cassava, corn hull and sugar palm. In this investigation the chemical, physical, morphological and thermal properties of the Dioscorea hispida fibre and Dioscorea hispida starch were examined by chemical composition investigation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size distribution, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), respectively. It was found that Dioscorea hispida waste is promising alternative biomass and sustainable material with excellent potential as a renewable filler material for food packaging applications.

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Pandey, S. N. "Ramie fibre: part I. Chemical composition and chemical properties. A critical review of recent developments." Textile Progress 39, no. 1 (December 11, 2007): 1–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405160701580055.

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Dias, Alexandre M., Luís C. V. Ítavo, Júlio C. Damasceno, Camila C. B. F. Ítavo, Geraldo T. Santos, Diego M. S. Echeverria, Eva N. O. Gomes, and Luciana Junges. "Calorimetry, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of sugarcane treated with calcium hydroxide." Crop and Pasture Science 69, no. 4 (2018): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17287.

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Sugarcane is a source of roughage in animal feeding. It presents high production per unit of cultivated area, relatively easy cultivation and low cost of production per hectare, and better quality and a high dry matter (DM) yield in periods when forage is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in sugarcane forage on chemical composition, in vitro digestibility values of DM, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), and kinetics of thermal decomposition processes of weight loss and heat flow. Sugarcane was collected close to the ground and 50-kg heaps of the fresh material were formed and mixed with four doses of Ca(OH)2 (0, 8, 16 and 24 g kg–1 sugarcane). Concentrations of NDF and ADF decreased linearly with increasing amount of Ca(OH)2, whereas concentration of hemicellulose increased linearly. In vitro digestibilities of DM, NDF and ADF were enhanced in a quadratic manner with increasing amounts of Ca(OH)2. The release of heat, measured by ΔH, increased linearly with increased Ca(OH)2 levels, likely due to enhanced digestibility of the fibre components. Weight loss decreased linearly between 272.2°C and 397.7°C with increased amounts of Ca(OH)2 added to sugarcane, likely due to changes in cellulose structure, which became denser and thermodynamically more stable than native cellulose following the alkaline treatment. Calcium hydroxide changed chemical composition and digestibility of the fibrous fraction of sugarcane, resulting in better nutritional value. The greatest release of heat and highest in vitro digestibility of fibre were observed when adding 15.2 g Ca(OH)2 kg–1 sugarcane; therefore, this dose is recommended to enhance the nutritive value of sugarcane as ruminant feed.

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Ilyas, R. A., S. M. Sapuan, M. R. Ishak, and E. S. Zainudin. "Effect of delignification on the physical, thermal, chemical, and structural properties of sugar palm fibre." BioResources 12, no. 4 (October 4, 2017): 8734–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.4.8734-8754.

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Eco-friendly composites can be prepared by substituting man-made synthetic fibres with various types of cellulosic fibres. Sugar palm-derived nanocrystalline cellulose is a potential substitute. The most important factor in determining a good nanofiller reinforcement agent that can be used in composites is the character of the nanofiller itself, which is affected during a preliminary treatment. Thus, to gain better nanofiller properties, the delignification (NaClO2 and CH3COOH) and mercerization (NaOH) treatments must be optimized. The main objective of this study was to identify the effects of the delignification and mercerization treatments on sugar palm fibre (SPF). In addition, the characteristics of the SPF for the preparation of the hydrolysis treatment to produce nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) for reinforcement in polymer composites were examined. Sugar palm cellulose (SPC) was extracted from the SPF, and its structural composition, thermal stability, functional groups, and degree of crystallinity were determined via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The density, moisture content, chemical composition, and structure of the SPC were also analysed.

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Elkner, Krystyna. "Effect of thermal processing on physico-chemical properties of dietary fibre in carrot and red beet." Acta Agrobotanica 54, no. 2 (2013): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2001.031.

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The effect of thermal processing (boiling in water and steaming) on changes in dietary fibre fractions and the functional properties of carrot and red beet fibre were studied. Boiling in water caused significantly larger changes in qualitative and quantitative composition of the vegetable fibre than steaming. It was observed that boiling resulted in an increase of the neutral detergent fibre (NDF), cellulose, a slight increase in lignin content and decrease of hemicellulose. Boiling of these vegetables in water, in comparison to steaming, affected the changes of functional properties of fibre. After boiling in water the ability of water holding capacity of fibre was increased, whereas the cation exchange capacity was decreased.

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Alba-Mejía, Jhonny E., Jiří Skládanka, Alois Hilgert-Delgado, Miroslav Klíma, Pavel Knot, Petr Doležal, and Pavel Horký. "The effect of biological and chemical additives on the chemical composition and fermentation process of Dactylis glomerata silage." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): e0604. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2016142-8040.

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This study was carried out to determine the chemical composition, silage quality and ensilability of ten cocksfoot cultivars using biological and chemical silage additives. The plant material was harvested from the first and second cut, cultivated at the Research Station of Fodder Crops in Vatín, Czech Republic. Wilted forage was chopped and ensiled in mini-silos with 3 replicates per treatment. The treatments were: 1) without additives, used as a control; 2) with bacterial inoculants; and 3) with chemical preservatives. The results indicated that the year factor (2012-2013) influenced significantly the chemical composition of the silage in both cuts. The use of biological inoculants reduced the content of crude fibre and acid detergent fibre; but it did not influence the content of neutral detergent fibre, in comparison with the control silage in both cuts. Furthermore, the application of biological inoculants reduced the concentration of lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) in contrast to the control silage in the first cut. Moreover, in the second cut the same values tended to be the opposite. Interestingly, ‘Amera’ was the unique variety that presented a high concentration of butyric acid (0.2%) in comparison with other varieties in the first cut. In conclusion, the biological inoculants had a favourable effect on silage fermentation. Notably, only ‘Greenly’ and ‘Starly’ varieties from the first cut; and ‘Greenly’, ‘Sw-Luxor’, and ‘Otello’ varieties from the second cut were appropriate for ensiling because their pH-values; LA and AA concentrations were ideal according to the parameters of the fermentation process.

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Hiraiwa, Tokiko, Haruna Aiso, Futoshi Ishiguri, Yuya Takashima, Kazuya Iizuka, and Shinso Yokota. "ANATOMY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LIRIODENDRON TULIPIFERA STEMS INCLINED AT DIFFERENT ANGLES." IAWA Journal 35, no. 4 (December 6, 2014): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-00000078.

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The anatomical and chemical characteristics of reaction wood (RW) were investigated in Liriodendron tulipifera Linn. Stems of seedlings were artificially inclined at angles of 30 (RW-30), 50 (RW-50) and 70° (RW-70) from the vertical, and compared with normal wood (NW) from a vertical seedling stem. The smallest values for the wood fibre length and vessel number were observed in RW-50. The pit aperture angle was less than 10° in RW-30 and RW-50, in which reduced lignin content was observed in the S2 layer of the wood fibres. An increase in the glucose content and a decrease in the lignin and xylose content was observed in RW-50. The stem inclination angle affected the degree of RW development with regard to anatomical and chemical characteristics: the severest RW was observed in RW-50, followed by RW-30. RW-70 was similar in anatomical and chemical characteristics to NW, apparently because the inclination was too strong to enable recovery of its original position. In this case a vertical sprouting stem was formed to replace the inclined stem.

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Daud, Zawawi, Halizah Awang, Angzzas Sari Mohd Kassim, Mohd Zainuri Mohd Hatta, and Ashuvila Mohd Aripin. "Cocoa Pod Husk and Corn Stalk: Alternative Paper Fibres Study on Chemical Characterization and Morphological Structures." Advanced Materials Research 911 (March 2014): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.911.331.

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Due to a shortage of wood source fibre in paper making industrys interest to agriculture residues fibre as a potential fibre sources in this industry. In this situation, importance has been developing in the paper industry from agriculture residue that will replace the wood fibre. Cocoa pod husk and Corn stalk are agriculture residues, which is good materials for paper production. The objectives of this study are to investigate the chemical characterization and surface morphology structure of these materials. The main components of materials which are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash content were parameters that involved in determination of chemical characterization in this study. The determination of chemical composition was accordance to Kurshner-Hoffner approach (cellulose), Chlorine Method (hemicellulose), T 222 om-06 (lignin) and T 211 om-07 (ash content). Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the surface structure of materials. From results obtained, corn stalk shows the higher amount in cellulose (39%) and hemicellulose (42%) content compared to the cocoa pod husk. In addition, lower lignin content also obtained in Corn stalk (7.3%) rather than that Cocoa pod husk (14.7%). From Scanning electron microscopy images, Corn stalk and Cocoa pod husk contained abundance lignocellulosic and rough surface structure due to the untreated materials. The result either chemical characterization or surface morphology that obtained in Corn stalk and Cocoa pod husk fibre wastes can be used successfully as an alternative fibres sources in papermaking application.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fibre chemical composition'

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