Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fibre de chromatine'
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Conde, e. Silva Natalia. "Le nucléosome centromérique et la fibre de chromatine." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066131.
Full textGarcés, Renata. "Phenomenological theory of chromatin architecture : Liquid-crystalline order induced by nucleosome polarity and chirality correlations." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20132/document.
Full textGene expression program in eukaryotic cells is strongly dependent on physical state of the genome carrier. Physical state of the chromatin is a key element in this program. However, despite the efforts to elucidate the structure and the physical principles underlying the organization of chromatin, they remain largely unknown. Phenomenological theory helps to analyze the most probable chromatin organization. In the present work we study liquid-crystalline order in chromatin resulting from the balance of thermal disorder and electrostatic (and mechanical) interactions of its constituents. Using generally accepted experimental facts we identify robust mesogenic parameters of nucleosomes (DNA-protein nano assemblies) at the smaller scale and show how the correlations of these parameters control the ordering into a chromatin structure at the bigger scale. The model is based on correlation of polar and chiral characteristics of nucleosomes. Phenomenological theory allows us to describe the condensed phases in aqueous solutions of nucleosomes with digested linker DNA, both in physiological conditions and in a wide range of monovalent salt concentration. Using the hypothesis of similar physical mechanism acting in condensed solutions and in the fiber in the same physiological conditions, we perform detailed symmetry analysis, construct the free energy model and reveal the thermodynamically favorable helical liquid-crystalline states of the fiber. In addition to « solenoid » and « two-start-helix » models abundantly discussed previously, we show the possibility of multi-start helix arrangements of nucleosomes in the chromatin and possible biaxiality of the structures. The effects of homogeneous mechanical force field applied to the chromatin in biochemical experiments are also studied. We show that helical state unwinding is a multistep process and we give its structural and thermodynamical details
Soueidan, Lama. "3D organization of the chromatin fiber." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL0980/document.
Full textThe local chromatin state plays a crucial role in all fundamental DNA-templated processes, such as transcription control, DNA replication or repair, signaling, etc. The precise 3D organization of the second level folding, the so-called 30 nm fiber, has been a matter of intense speculations and debates over the past 40 years. Two competing models have been proposed on the basis of in vitro data, the solenoid and zigzag arrangements. In the solenoid model, consecutive nucleosomes interact with each other and follow a helical trajectory with bent DNA linker. In the zigzag model, alternate nucleosomes interact with each other with straight, twisted or coiled linker DNA. During my thesis, I developed a new biochemical approach, called ICNN (Identification of the Closest Neighbor Nucleosomes), allowing a direct “visualization” of the neighboring nucleosomes within H1-dependent compacted chromatin. We showed that within H1-compacted regular nucleosomal array, N±2 nucleosomes are the nearest neighboring interaction partners of any arbitrary nucleosome N. This finding provides an unambiguous evidence for the zigzag two-start helix conformation of the 30 nm fiber. Furthermore, this organization remains independent on the DNA linker length, demonstrating that the nucleosome repeat length (177-227 bp) does not affect the chromatin structure and therefore cannot be a reason for chromatin structural heterogeneity as suggested in the literature. Chromatin structure and dynamics might be affected by the incorporation of histone variants. Our ICNN experiments with H2A.Z arrays showed no difference of folding between H2A.Z- and H2A-containing fibers. This finding suggests that the H2A.Z-specific transcriptional regulation involves mechanisms other than chromatin folding. CENP-A is a hallmark for centromeric chromatin that is indispensable for cell division. X-ray scattering in crystals showed that CENP-A-containing nucleosomes are more “open” than conventional ones due to the shorter α-NCENP-A helix. Besides, recent results in our lab showed that H1 does not stably bind to the CENP-A nucleosomes and that no stem organization of the linker is formed (not published). Our ICNN study at the chromatin level confirmed the absence of H1-induced folding of a regular CENP-A array. Interestingly, replacement of CENP-A with the α-NH3-CENP-A mutant restored proper H1 binding and folding of the fiber into the usual zigzag conformation, as does the conventional H3-containing fiber
Bancaud, Aurélien. "Dynamique et structure de fibres de chromatine individuelles." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066432.
Full textRobinson, Philip Jeremy John. "Reconstitution, folding and structure of the '30nm' chromatin fibre." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615297.
Full textGilbert, Nick. "Nature and modulation of the higher-order chromatin fibre." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28098.
Full textHuynh, V. "Reconstitution of the 30-nm chromatin fiber." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604906.
Full textCarrivain, Pascal. "Des moteurs de jeux à la physique des chromosomes." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802204.
Full textVergnole, Sébastien. "Nouveaux interféromètres large bande pour l'imagerie haute résolution : interféromètre fibré hectométrique : utilisation des Fibres à Cristaux Photoniques." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/b5576baa-1781-4524-9024-362d7aa12695/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0022.pdf.
Full textHigh resolution imaging has reached a high reliability and currently gives a lot of scientific results. Nowadays, we may develop this technique by using very long baselines and/or new optical waveguides. Moreover, astronomers are working with wide band spectra to get more light. Thus, the study of wide band interferometers is essential. This manuscript reports the development and the characterization of wide band fiber interferometers. The first part deals with some theoretical notions. The second part is dedicated to the study of silica optical fibers in the frame of the `OHANA project. The aim of this project driven by Paris Observatory is to coherently link the telescopes of the Mauna Kea in Hawaii thanks to optical fibers. The differential chromatic dispersion of the 300-m long fibers dedicated to link CFHT and Gemini telescopes has been characterized and minimized. The effect of the temperature variation has been also studied. Solutions using an optical fiber delay line or CaF2 glasses plates have been proposed and implemented to compensate the additional chromatic dispersion due to temperature effects. The last part of this manuscript is devoted to the study of Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs) for wide band interferometry. A two-beam and a three-beam interferometers have been implemented to test the properties of PCFs. It has been shown that the microstructured fibers used in our experiment are able to coherently propagate light over a wide spectral domain from 670 nm to 1550 nm. This wide domain is impossible to reach with "conventional" fibers. At last, closure phase measurements have been carried out showing that these PCFs do not bring additional defects on these measurements
Vergnole, Sébastien. "Nouveaux interféromètres large bande pour l'imageriehaute résolution : interféromètre fibré hectométrique ;utilisation des Fibres à Cristaux Photoniques." Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012003.
Full textAprès une première partie consacrée à quelques rappels théoriques, le deuxième volet de ce document est consacré à l'étude des fibres optiques en silice pour le projet `OHANA. Ce projet, piloté par l'Observatoire de Meudon, vise à relier de manière cohérente les télescopes du Mauna Kea à Hawaii à l'aide des fibres optiques. La dispersion chromatique différentielle des fibres destinées à relier le CFHT et Gemini, d'une longueur de 300 m, a été caractérisée ce qui a permis de la minimiser. Une étude de l'évolution de cette dispersion a également été menée en tenant compte des variations différentielles de température. Des solutions utilisant une ligne à retard fibrée ou des lames de CaF2 ont été proposées et réalisées pour compenser la dispersion supplémentaire occasionnée par ces variations des contraintes thermiques. La troisième partie est dédiée à l'étude des propriétés des fibres à cristaux photoniques (PCFs) pour l'interférométrie large bande. Deux interféromètres respectivement à deux et trois voies ont été mis en oeuvre dans le but de tester les propriétés des PCFs. Il a été montré que les fibres microstructurées utilisées avaient la capacité de propager la lumière de façon cohérente sur une très large bande spectrale, allant typiquement de 670 nm et 1550 nm, ce qui n'est pas possible en utilisant des fibres en silice " conventionnelles ". Enfin, des mesures de clôture de phase ont été réalisées et font apparaître que ces PCFs n'apportent pas de biais sur ces mesures.
Routh, Andrew Laurence. "The determinants of the structure of the 30 nm chromatin fibre." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611706.
Full textGlomon, Lhusak. "Source based chromatic methodology for optical fibre sensor systems." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400231.
Full textAuguste, Jean-Louis. "Conception, réalisation et caractérisation d'une fibre à forte dispersion chromatique négative." Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO0010.
Full textCosgrave, Joseph Anthony. "Acoustic-optic monitoring of electrical power equipment using chromatic signal processing." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263845.
Full textMaury, Julien. "Etude et caractérisation d'une fibre optique amplificatrice et compensatrice de dispersion chromatique." Limoges, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIMO0043.
Full textSince the beginning of transgenesis, the use of the mammary gland as a bio-reactor to produce pharmaceutical proteins or to modify the technological and/or nutritional properties of the milk was suggested. It was based on the use of the major milk protein genes regulatory sequences. Despite numerous studies, the creation of a vector for an efficient and specific expression of genes in the mammary gland without "position effect" has not been achieved. Several promoters of a-lactalbumin gene, a major milk protein-encoding gene, have been used but resulted in integration site dependant expressions. The recent use of large genomic fragment (BACs or YACs) has allowed to avoid this "position effect". This has been observed with a vector that was developed in our laboratory that consists of a 160 kb goat BAC insert (BAC 41) encompassing the a-lactalbumin gene, suggesting the occurrence of dominant cis-regulatory elements. The aim of this thesis was to further analyse this insert. Transgenic experiments using a derived shorter BAC of 60 kb allowed us to localise these regulatory elements in a 5' distal region of the a-lactalbumin locus. In this region two loci were identified: the cyclin T1 and FLJ20436. Characterisation of these genes revealed that they were functional within the BAC 41 and ubiquitously expressed. Surprisingly, the use of the cyclin T1 promoter in transgenics resulted in an ubiquitous expression unexpectedly high only in male germ cells. FLJ20436 pre-mRNA has a very complex splicing pattern that is conserved during evolution. These observations led us to suspect the occurrence of two chromatin domains separating these ubiquitously expressed genes from the a-lactalbumin one. Structural analysis of these genes has allowed to define a precise restriction map of the BAC 41 and to precise the location of the potential border region within the two chromatin domains. Search for cis-regulatory elements within this region was initiated. There identification and association with the a-lactalbumin promoter should contribute to the creation of efficient mammary specific expression vectors.
Recouvreux, Pierre. "Influence de l'histone de liaison sur la dynamique de fibres de chromatine individuelles." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00547228.
Full textMaghoo, Mamad. "Capteurs rotatifs absolus à fibres optiques utilisant le codage chromatique." Limoges, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIMO0222.
Full textKobori, Toshiro. "Comparative structural biology of the genome : physicochemical properties of the chromatin fiber." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136994.
Full textJenneve, Philippe. "Analyse Expérimentale des Distorsions Non-Linéaires pour la Construction d’un Estimateur de Performances des Réseaux Optiques Cohérents." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLO014.
Full textNowadays, high-speed fiber-optic communication networks are the basis of information technology and the subject of intense research. Innovation enables transponders to be flexible and versatile, but fiber optical networks are still configured manually and especially almost never tuned during the life of the network. One of the blocking points toward reconfigurable and automated optical networks is the need of performance prediction for any link of the network in an accurate and fast way. However, the prediction is made even more complex by the diversity of deployed optical fiber types and propagation regimes.During my work, I addressed experimentally the signal distortions coming from nonlinear Kerr effects accumulated on hundreds of kilometers of optical fibers. Based on specific and controlled experiments, I have measured and highlighted the properties of the nonlinear distortions. These analyses allowed me to design a performance model estimator that can be applied to heterogeneous optical links with various optical fiber types and propagation regimes.The flexibility of transponders associated with a performance estimator will optimize and tune the channels dynamically depending on the load and the topology of the network, as well as compute the protection and restoration links
Guizani, Sghaier. "Optical post chromatic dispersion compensation in an optical fiber communication system." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2008. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/30055578R.pdf.
Full textIzadi, Saeed. "Optimal Point Charge Approximation: from 3-Atom Water Molecule to Million-Atom Chromatin Fiber." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81539.
Full textPh. D.
Rzaigui, Habeb. "Systèmes hybrides opto/sans fil pour les réseaux multi-gigabits aux fréquences millimétriques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT014/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the radio-over-fiber (RoF) communication systems at millimeter frequencies in the frequency range 57-66 GHz and optical generation of a signal at millimeter-wave frequency band. The technique used is based on mode-locked laser diodes. The diodes employed in this work are in quantum dots (or quantum dashes) technology. In this thesis, several studies were conducted: the first relates the ability of integration these types of lasers in the RoF communication systems under direct or external modulation. The second study was devoted to propagation effects. An original technique was implemented to reduce the sensitivity to chromatic dispersion in an optical fiber. A study of the reduction of phase noise mode-locked lasers based on the observation of the reaction effect and against the external optical injection was presented
Rallis, Ilias. "Intelligent chromatic fibre optic sensors and monitoring systems for enhancing useful by-products from anaerobic digestion." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417968.
Full textCOLVERO, CLAITON PEREIRA. "STUDY OF CHROMATIC DISPERSION AND NONLINEAR EFFECTS IN SHIFTED DISPERSION FIBER OPTIC SYSTEM." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2001. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=1553@1.
Full textNeste trabalho é apresentado um estudo sobre a determinação matemática dos valores da dispersão cromática total, do zero de dispersão distribuído e efeitos não lineares em fibras ópticas de dispersão deslocada (DS). Uma metodologia para caracterização das dispersões cromáticas e para os zeros de dispersão local das fibras estudadas é elaborada com a utilização do modelo de fibra degrau equivalente e de aproximações entre as fibras ópticas dos enlaces trabalhados. A relação entre o diâmetro do campo modal e o zero de dispersão cromática distribuído segundo A. Rossaro [6] é discutida e comprovada através da realização de uma série de medidas práticas para a determinação dos efeitos não lineares das fibras de dispersão deslocada dos enlaces da Petrobrás. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar estes efeitos prejudiciais a transmissão de sinais ópticos de alta velocidade apresentados nos cabos submarinos da Petrobrás entre o Porto de Imbetiba e as plataformas de Pargo I e Pampo I na Bacia de Campos, analisando os resultados obtidos e caracterizando as possibilidades de upgrade destes enlaces.
This work presents a study on the mathematical determination of the total chromatic dispersion, zero dispersion wavelength and nonlinear optical effects in dispersion shifted (DS) fiber optic system. A methodology to determine the chromatic dispersion and zero dispersion wavelength is proposed using the equivalent step index model and the similarity of the total chromatic dispersion measured in fibers of the links under study. The relationship between the mode field diameter and the zero dispersion wavelength according to A. Rossaro [6] is discussed and proven with a series of practical measurements for the determination of the nonlinear effects of the dispersion shifted optical fibers of Petrobras links Imbetiba - Pargo and Imbetiba - Pampo of the Campos Basin.
En este trabajo se presenta un estudio sobre la determinación matemática de los valores de dispersión cromática total, del cero de dispersión distribuido y los efectos no lineales en fibras ópticas de dispersión desplazada (DS). Se elabora una metodología para la caracterización de las dispersiones cromáticas y para los ceros de dispersión local de las fibras estudiadas; utililizando el modelo de fibra escalón equivalente y de aproximaciones entre las fibras ópticas de los enlace. Se discute la relación entre el diámetro del campo modal y el cero de dispersión cromática distribuido según A. Rosaro [6] se comprueba a través de la realización de una serie de medidas prácticas para la determinación de los efectos no lineales de las fibras de dispersión desplazada de los enlaces de la Petrobrás. EL objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los efectos perjudiciales a la transmisión de señales ópticos de alta velocidad que se presentan en los cables submarinos de la Petrobrás entre el Puerto de Imbetiba y las plataformas de Pargo I y Pampo I en la Bacia de Campos, analizando los resultados obtenidos y caracterizando las posibilidades de upgrade de estos enlaces.
Fall, Abdoulaye. "Réflectométrie optique dans le domaine fréquentiel pour l’analyse des réseaux locaux domestiques optiques." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0011/document.
Full textIn order to develop high capacity future-proof home network, the FUI 12 RLDO project suggests passive star network topology using multimode couplers. This topology encounters implementation difficulties due to the non-uniformity of the power distribution in the output ports of multimode couplers. Analyzing this problem shows that the properties of modes propagating in the network elements plays a key role in this non-uniform characteristics of multimode couplers. In order to characterize these modes propagating in the network, we have developed a complex optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) setup. The phenomena limiting the sensitivity to the phase in OFDR – in fact, those related to the non-linear frequency tuning of the laser source - are investigated to contribute to a better understanding of the limiting mechanisms. Then we have tested the intensity and phase measurement performance of the developed setup. Later, we studied the optimal resolution conditions to characterize the modes in a multimode waveguide. We have also analyzed the uncertainty of the measurement of the chromatic dispersion of modes in case where it is impossible to determine whether one or several modes are present in a given dispersion curve. Additionally, we have introduced an adaptive time-frequency method, to obtain the dispersion curves with optimal resolution. This method allows us to show the versatility of the special RLDO multimode fiber (single-mode behavior under single-mode excitation at 1310 nm and 1550 nm). The analysis of the propagation in the optical fibers, associated with a model we have developed to study the behavior of multimode couplers, has permitted to explain encountered difficulties with the experiments of the multimode passive star network topology. This also gives insights to develop a functional prototype of network
Copie, François. "Modulation instabilities in dispersion oscillating passive fiber-ring cavities." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10111/document.
Full textThis thesis work deals with the parametric instability occurring in passive optical fiber-ring cavities, which is induced by a longitudinal modulation of the chromatic dispersion. In optical cavities, the modulation instability process is known to potentially destabilize the stationary state and turn it into a stable train of pulses. We describe in this work how a longitudinal variation of the dispersion inside the cavity enriches the dynamics of this type of device by entailing a regime of parametric instability. We detail the theoretical study of this new mechanism, which allows us to identify its spectral and temporal signatures, among which, the generation of multiple resonance peaks in the optical spectrum and the appearance of a period doubling dynamics in the time domain. We have realized such resonators in order to confirm experimentally our predictions. The model we have chosen simply consists in building a ring by splicing together uniform fibers characterized by different dispersions. In terms of results, we first observed the emergence of both modulational and parametric instabilities in the same system, before investigating their dynamics. The latter is accessible thanks to real-time spectral and temporal detection methods. We thus observed with remarkable precision the emergence of the instabilities, the period doubling associated to the parametric regime and the appearance of a record number of parametric resonances in our system
Gérome, Frédéric. "Conception et caractérisation de fibres compensatrices de dispersion chromatique pour application aux liaisons optiques WDM." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a385c12b-ab1a-4168-b068-7ec7becda331/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0034.pdf.
Full textIn order to increase the transmission capacities of the optical networks, a new technology of multiplexing in wavelength named WDM was born. With it, the simultaneous control of the positive chromatic dispersion of line fibres for several wavelengths becomes obligatory. A simple solution corresponding to the insertion of a dual concentric core fibre is then adopted. The modal behavior of these fibres incorporated in a module is studied in detail. A complete theory is elaborated and then validated in experiments. The optimization of these profiles leads to a MCVD realization whose performances 5 times higher than the current values allowed the deposit of an industrial patent. Finally, air-silica microstructured technology is studied. A new improvement of a factor 7 is obtained. First realizations confirm these high potentialities and open prospects as well in the field for amplification as for the non linearity
Gagnon, Pierre-Louis. "Modélisation de la dispersion chromatique et de l'atténuation dans les fibres microstructurées à cœur suspendu." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27150.
Full textGaillard, Virginie. "Réflectométrie en lumière polarisée faiblement cohérente." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2045.
Full textThe complex amplitude of the reflection coefficient of a component can be derived from Optical Low Coherence Reflectometry measurements. When the samples are birefringent, beat lobes can be observed in reflection coefficient amplitude as well as oscillations in phase curve which make their data processing difficult. In order to characterize these components, it is then necessary to take the polarization into consideration in the analysis considering not only the sample but also the different elements of the apparatus. In this thesis, we have integrated polarization in the reflectometer theory to characterize polarization maintaining fibres or photonic crystal fibres which are arrangements of micrometric longitudinal air channels. We have developed a method which requires only a few measurements and leads to the characteristic parameters of single axis components: the phase birefringence, the group birefringence and the chromatic dispersion along the component’s eigenaxis. A numerical analysis and the measurements performed on these fibres show the validity of our method
Bernardin, Wanda De. "Histone H1-DNA complexes as model for chromatin fibres : formation and characterization of soluble complexes of histone H1 with supe rcoiled DNA ; Chromatin structure of transcribing SV 40 minichromosomes /." Zürich, 1986. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=8026.
Full textAmbardekar, Aditya. "Analysis of BER in optical direct detection DPSK system in the presence of SPM and chromatic dispersion." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1460745.
Full textFrouws, Timothy Duncan. "Iterative helical real-space reconstruction of histone octamer tubular crystals and implications for the 30 nm chromatin fiber." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textIssa, Vivian. "L'effet de la dispersion chromatique sur le taux d'erreur de transmission par fibre optique pour un débit de 10Gb/s." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007.
Find full textIssa, Vivian. "L'effet de la dispersion chromatique sur le taux d'erreur de transmission par fibre optique pour un débit de 10Gb/s." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1385.
Full textKerrinckx, Emmanuel. "Les microstructurations dans les fibres optiques." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Kerrinckx.pdf.
Full textUn de nos objectifs est de pouvoir simuler les propriétés optiques de fibres réelles afin de pouvoir confronter nos modèles avec des mesures expérimentales. Après avoir spécifié les différentes méthodes numériques accessibles au laboratoire (méthode des faisceaux propagés, multipolaire, différences finis et éléments finis), nous expliquons le choix qui a essentiellement été retenu pour nos simulations à savoir la Méthode des Eléments Finis (MEF) et nous présenterons les résultats de simulations concernant l'influence des défauts de fabrications sur l'évolution de la biréfringence. Ces résultats sont alors confrontés aux mesures expérimentales de la biréfringence et de la dispersion chromatique de ces fibres. Un autre objectif important est la conception d'une microstructure permettant d'obtenir une propriété optique prédéfinie. Nous proposons ici une méthode originale de résolution de ce problème inverse, basée sur le couplage d'un Algorithme Génétique avec une méthode d'éléments finis totalement vectorielle permettant de calculer les modes qui se propagent de FCP. Nous appliquerons ensuite notre méthode à la conception d'une fibre présentant une dispersion chromatique proche de zéro sur la gamme spectrale [1,1 µm-1,9 µm] et à la conception d'une fibre ayant une dispersion chromatique "plate" (de très faible pente) et proche de zéro sur la gamme spectrale [1,35 µm-1,65 µm]
Molin, Denis. "Next generation multimode fiber for high speed data networks with improved bend resistance and chromatic dispersion compensation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10046.
Full textMulti-Mode Fibers (MMFs) were the first optical fibers to be developed in the early days of optical communications, before the advent of Single-Mode Fibers (SMFs). Graded-Index MMFs (GI-MMFs) were rapidly introduced to reduce the modal dispersion, and thus enlarge the modal bandwidth, that limited the capacity of original Step-Index fibers (SI-MMFs), paving the way to short-range high-speed optical transmissions. Their typical large core and high numerical aperture provide significant advantages over SMFs in applications that require efficient light coupling with large sources and relaxed fiber alignment tolerances. MMFs are used in many fields such as industry, defense, transport, telecommunications and medical. This work focuses on the application for which MMFs are the most widely used nowadays, that is data communications. MMFs have constantly evolved and improved to keep up to pace. The advent of low-cost and low-power-consuming directly current-modulated VCSELs that can reliably support 10Gbps (and more) data rates at ~850nm has motivated the development and the standardization of laser-launch optimized 50µm-diameter GI-MMFs: the OM3 fibers (2002) and the OM4 fibers (2009). We present here the OM3 and OM4 fiber development for the last decade we divided into three main topics:i) the optimization of the refractive index profile to maximize the modal bandwidth (development of the OM4 fiber),ii) the minimization of the macrobending losses (development of so-called bend-insensitive OM4 fibers),iii) the chromatic dispersion compensation to ultimately enlarge the total bandwidth of MMFs, accounting for modal and chromatic dispersions and their interaction
Verdrager, Véronique. "Etude et réalisation de compensateurs de dispersion chromatique utilisant des réseaux de Bragg photo-inscrits dans des fibres optiques." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-355.pdf.
Full textTarmoul, Nassima. "Mise en phase des grands interféromètres : méthode de la diversité de phase chromatique : développement et implémentation sur le démonstrateur hypertélescope fibré SIRIUS." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00703667.
Full textTang, Xuefeng. "Optical phase conjugation and its application in the compensation of fiber Kerr nonlinearities." Lorient, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LORIS052.
Full textWith the increase of the bit rate and channel number in optical fiber communications, the fiber nonlinearity, especially the Kerr nonlinearity, has been reconsidered as one of the most important limitations on the transmission performance. As an important nonlinear optical technique, optical phase conjugation (OPC), has been paid increasing attention due to its ability to compensate for the dispersion and the nonlinear effects in fiber transmissions. In this dissertation, we investigate the compensation process of nonlinear effects, including self-phase modulation (SPM), cross-phase modulation (XPM), intrachannel nonlinear interaction and nonlinear noise amplification in OPC systems, using theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. It is shown that OPC has a very promising ability to compensate for the fiber nonlinearities, while its performance is affected by some factors such as the signal evolution symmetry, the dispersion regime and the fiber-link configuration. With the optimization of the dispersion map design (fiber-link configuration), the compensation performance of OPC can be improved considerably, which shows a very attractive implementation in either time division multiplexing (TDM) or wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) schemes. In addition, we have made a contribution to the study of the temperature tuning effect on the quasi-phase-matching (QPM) difference-frequency-generation (DFG), and a multi-segment temperature tuning method is proposed to optimize the QPM-DFG performance
Peyrilloux, Ambre. "Modélisation et caractérisation des fibres microstructurées air/silice pour application aux télécommunications optiques." Limoges, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIMO0057.
Full textMy work, achieved within the framework of a partnership with Alcatel, deals with the theoretical and experimental study of the propagation into air/silica microstructured optical fibres (MOFs) guiding by total internal reflection for application to high bit rate optical telecommunication. I have adapted the use of a software which was developed at IRCOM, based on the finite element method, for modelling the propagation into MOFs. Thanks to the abacuses of the main propagation characteristics in function of the index profiles that I have carried out, MOFs suitable for the targeted application have been identified. In addition, the conditions of validity of four models have been discussed using comparisons between theoretical results and a confrontation with measures that I have performed on MOFS fabricated at Alcatel and at IRCOM (chromatic dispersion, polarisation mode dispersion). A novel highly birefringent MOF that I have conceived and characterised has been patented
Oliveira, Inês do Vale Marques. "Digital chromatic dispersion equalization in optical coherent transmission systems." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21735.
Full textA crescente procura de largura de banda tem obrigado a área de comunicações óticas a explorar diferentes soluções, de forma a evitar a ”crise de capacidade” [1]. O investigadores têm trabalhado no sentido de atingir o equilíbrio entre os vários compromissos, repensando a forma como o sinal ótico é enviado e recebido, para que a perda de informação seja mínima ao longo do canal de propagação. No inıcio desta década, começaram a ser adotados formatos de modulação avançada, os quais apresentam elevada eficiência espetral, bem como deteção coerente, que permite extrair a informação da amplitude e da fase do campo ótico. Estas técnicas são complementadas pelo pós-processamento digital de sinal, que é atualmente muito importante na mitigação das distorções do sinal e imperfeiçoes do recetor. As distorções do sinal podem ser causadas, por exemplo, pela dispersão cromática na fibra. Esta dissertação engloba o estudo e simulação de um sistema de transmissão coerente PM-QPSK, bloco-a-bloco, fazendo uma abordagem detalhada dos conceitos supramencionados. O sistema foi então simulado na presença de dispersão cromática e de ruído, alternada e simultaneamente. Os resultados mostram que o sinal recebido apresenta uma distribuição quase Gaussiana em todos os casos. Com vista a recuperar o sinal transmitido, e no caso em que só se considerou o efeito da dispersão cromática, aplicou-se um filtro linear de resposta impulsional inversa à da fibra, conseguindo assim uma equalização digital perfeita do sinal recebido. Também foi implementado um filtro adaptado no receptor para minimizar o efeito do ruído, obtendo não uma equalização perfeita, mas ótima.
The crescent demand on high bandwidth has been compelling the optical communications area to explore di erent solutions, in order to avoid the \capacity crunch" of the optical bres [1]. Researchers have been working towards reaching the best tradeo s balance, rethinking the way as the optical signal is sent and received, so the loss of information is minimum throughout the propagation channel. Advanced modulation formats became adopted in the beginning of this decade, presenting high spectral e ciency, as well as coherent detection, which allows extracting information from the amplitude and phase of the optical eld. These techniques are complemented by post-digital signal processing, which is nowadays very important at mitigating signal distortions and receiver imperfections. Those impairments result, for instance, of the chromatic dispersion at the bre. This dissertation covers the study and simulation of a PM-QPSK transmission system, block-by-block, approaching in detail the concepts mentioned above. The system was then simulated with chromatic dispersion and with noise, alternately and simultaneously. The results show that the received signal presents an almost Gaussian distribution in every case. In order to retrieve the transmitted signal, and in the case that only chromatic dispersion's e ect was considered, a linear lter was applied with an inverse impulse response of the bre, achieving such a perfect digital equalization of the received signal. A matched lter was also implemented in the receptor to minimize the noise e ect, obtaining not a perfect equalization, but an optimal one.
Labonté, Laurent. "Analyse théorique et expérimentale des principales caractéristiques du mode fondamental dans les fibres optiques microstructurées air/silice." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7992c535-e682-4254-a880-ec2515a1ccf5/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0023.pdf.
Full textThe work reported in this thesis deals with the experimental and numerical analysis of the birefringence, the chromatic dispersion and the extinction wavelength of the second mode (λc) of air-silica microstructured optical fibres (MOFs). The birefringence and the chromatic dispersion measurements are investigated in MOFs fabricated in our laboratory or by a partner from the industry (Alcatel). Different experimental setups are adapted for operating with MOFs. Experimental results are compared to simulations based on the finite element method. The very high measured birefringence of small core MOFs is attributed to the micro or nano imperfections of the structure. The large influence of the geometry of the fibre on the chromatic dispersion is also pointed out. Finally, for the first time to our knowledge, we apply to MOFs an azimuthal analysis far field analysis technique for precisely determining λc
Gauden, Damien. "Etude et réalisation de composants passifs accordables pour les systèmes de télécommunication hauts débits." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1E001.
Full textJamier, Raphaël. "Propriétés linéaires des fibres optiques à cristal photonique à cœur solide." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/cc01e272-24b8-44b9-b5a1-478b8ebad714/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4044.pdf.
Full textThe insertion of photonic crystal in optical fibres made it possible to increase the thresholds of physical phenomena limiting the delivery and the generation of high power. The core size and the effective area (Aeff) of the fundamental mode are drastically increased while preserving a singlemode emission. The photonic crystal fibres studied here are defined by a one-dimensional periodic cladding allowing the light to be guided by the so-called photonic bandgap effect. Their potential is revealed through the study of their linear properties. Results about the design, fabrication and characterisation of fibres exhibiting large Aeff relative to the wavelength are reported. The drastic reduction of confinement loss and bending sensitivity is shown. The possibility of integrating such a fibre as a passive element in an “all fibre” laser source is also shown through an example of dispersion management
Cortès, Pierre-Yves. "Compensation de la dispersion chromatique et des effets non-linéaires par conjugaison de phase optique pour les systèmes de télécommunications par fibre à haut débit." Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO0036.
Full textXu, Tianhua. "Digital Dispersion Equalization and Carrier Phase Estimation in 112-Gbit/s Coherent Optical Fiber Transmission System." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Optik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-34034.
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Costes, Sylvain. "Extension de l'approche par la courbe maitresse de la prédiction des durées de vie de réseaux d'indice complexes inscrits par UV dans les fibres." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917592.
Full textAraujo, Alfredo Almeida de. "Análise de amplificação Raman em fibras microestruturadas de baixa perda." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2008. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1485.
Full textThis dissertation aims to describe the basic characteristics of microstructured fibers, their concept and performance, and to investigate the application of a low loss microstructured fiber to the development of Raman amplifiers. An analysis of the use of these amplifiers in Telecommunication applications is described. To this end, simulations were carried out with these waveguides with the data of a real fiber described in the literature. Simulations were also carried out to determine the amplifier s net gain and noise figure and to establish the advantages of its use in a complete optical fiber span, including the compensation dispersion in the O band (1260-1360 nm). As a result, it was demonstrated that the microstructured fiber presents, in some aspects, a performance that is higher than that of conventional Raman amplifiers, and complementary to that of a commercial amplifiers, such as those based on Erbium doped fiber.
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo descrever as características básicas das fibras microestruturadas, seu conceito e desempenho, e investigar a aplicação de uma fibra microestruturada de baixa perda para o desenvolvimento de amplificadores Raman. Uma análise do uso destes em aplicações de Telecomunicações é descrita. Para isso, foram realizadas simulações destes guias de onda com dados de uma fibra real descrita na literatura. Também foram realizadas simulações para verificação do ganho líquido e figura de ruído de um amplificador baseado nesta fibra e das vantagens de seu uso em um enlace óptico completo, incluindo compensação de dispersão para sinais da banda O (1260-1360 nm). Como resultado, demonstrou-se um desempenho superior em alguns aspectos aos amplificadores Raman convencionais, e complementar aos amplificadores disponíveis atualmente no mercado, como os baseados em fibra dopada com Érbio.
Parvery, Hervé. "Contribution à l'étude d'antennes réseaux large bande à pointage pilote par commande optique." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0031.
Full textThis thesis concerns the study, the realisation and characterisation of an antenna array fed and steered by an optical command. The array is fed by "true time delays". Three systems are proposed. The first one works at 960 MHz and allows to validate the control of the array pointing direction by tuning the optical wavelength that carries the microwave signal. The second antenna presents a wide bandwidth around 2 GHz (25%) and demonstrates that the pointing direction of the array remains invariant with the emitted frequency. The last studied corresponds to the conception and to the realisation of a prototype working in the millimetre-wave domain. It is based on the previous system used at low frequency, to create the delays, which is associated to microwave mixing to produced out of phase millimetre-waves. The interest of this system is to obtain a wide bandwidth control of the pointing direction and to simplify the feed circuit of the radiating elements
Petit, Ferrufino Juan Mauricio. "Dual Electroabsorption Modulated Laser: étude et caractérisation d'une nouvelle source optique laser-modulateur intégrés pour les transmissions numériques haut-débit et les applications Radio-sur-Fibre." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00579997.
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