Academic literature on the topic 'Fibre optique liquide'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fibre optique liquide"
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Nwigbo Solomon Chuka, Godwin Kingsley Obiazi, and Ikebudu Kingsley Okechukwu. "Application of Taguchi Robust Design for optimizing tensile strength response of Ukam-plant fibre reinforced cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) composite by the effects of control parameters." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 8, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 039–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.8.1.0058.
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This paper focuses on the application of Taguchi Robust Design to determine the optimum tensile strength of Ukam-Plant Fibre Reinforced CNSL Composite using indigenous or locally sourced vegetable or plant based natural fibres (Ukam-plant fibres) that are Lignocellulose as potential raw material. Tensile tests were conducted on the replicated samples of Ukam-Plant Fibre Reinforced CNSL Composite to obtain the optimum properties. Hounsfield Mosanto Tensometer, a universal testing machine was used to conduct tensile tests to determine the control factor levels quality characteristics considered necessary to optimize the mechanical property being investigated. Methodology of traditional and experimental design approach of Taguchi was used for the larger the better to obtain the highest signal to noise ratio (SN ratio) for the quality characteristic being investigated and also to correlate the control factors (fibre condition i.e. untreated, silane treated and alkaline treated, volume fraction and fibre size). Minitab 16 software was used for statistical analysis to fine-tune conclusions and produce quantitative estimates. The optimum settings were as follows: alkaline treatment, volume fraction of 50%, and 50mm of fibre size which resulted in 18.69MPa optimum tensile strength. The experimental results obtained agreed satisfactorily with the Minitab 16 software predictions. The mechanical property studied revealed that composite depends significantly on the reinforcement combination of control parameters.
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Zhu, Qing, Chuan Shan Zhao, and Jin Jiang Pang. "Preparation of New Alumina Silicate Refractory Fiberboard and Study on its Performance." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1347.
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The preparation of alumina silicate refractory fiberboard by wet vacuum filter molding process, alumina silicate fibre is the matrix material, and high-temperature resistance adhesive is the agglutinant. Experiments made in conditions of no liquid glue, and not adding fiber, influence of cycling time on liquid glue concentration, density of fiberboard, and retention of cementing compound was studied; effect of density of fiberboard on thermal conductivity is also discussed. The results showed that the optimum liquid glue concentration is 9.41%, cycling time is 28h (replenish liquid glue after 28h). Density of alumina silicate fiberboard is 289kg/m3, and alumina silicate fiberboard can resistance to 1200 °C.
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Redzuan, Aein Afina Mohd, Noor Najmi Bonnia, and Nurul Shakirah Shuhaimen. "Surface Treatment of Rubber Toughened Polyester Filled Carbon Black and Kenaf Hybrid Composite." Advanced Materials Research 911 (March 2014): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.911.36.
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The influences of surface treatment on kenaf fibre for rubber toughened polyester filled carbon black (CB) and kenaf hybrid composite were investigated, in consideration for applications such as automotive parts and integrated circuits (IC) encapsulations. Kenaf fibres were divided into treated and untreated fibres, where 6% of NaOH solution was used as the treatment solution. Unsaturated polyester was mixed with 3% liquid natural rubber (LNR) as toughening agent and 4% of CB, before hybridised with both treated and untreated kenaf that were varied from 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% using mechanical stirrer and moulded by using hot compression technique. Flexural and impact testing were conducted and it was found that the hybridisation of CB and treated kenaf fibres composite showed improvement on flexural properties compared to non-hybrid CB filled composites although there are slight decrement on impact toughness. The optimum fibre loading for both treated and untreated kenaf were found at 25%.
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Nurtjahtja, Kiki. "The The Effect of Acetobacter xylinum Starter in Waste Liquid Pineapple Peel on the Properties of Nata de Pina." International Journal of Ecophysiology 2, no. 02 (September 29, 2020): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijoep.v2i02.4364.
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Abstract. Fresh pineapple waste consisted of saccharides, water, protein, lipid, vitamin and minerals that can be used by beneficiary microorganisms for production another food products. The aim of this study was to investigate physical properties nata de pina made from waste liquid pineapple peel using various starter concentrations and length of fermentation of Acetobacter xylinum. The starter used were 20, 30 and 40% ml. Each 200 mL fresh waste containing the starter was incubated for 14, 21 and 28 days at 29°C. Nata properties such as yield, thickness, fibre and water content were determined. Results showed starter concentration and length of fermentation affect and significantly (P<0.05) different on nata thickness, yield and fiber content. The highest yield (35,75%), thickness (24.6 mm) and fibre content (4.43%) occurred at 40% starter after 28 days of fermentation. However, the optimum nata thickness occurred at 21 days. There is no significantly different (P<0.05) at nata moisture on starter concentration and length of fermentation. In conclusion, waste liquid pineapple peel is potential as a raw material source for making nata de pina with starter Acetobacter xylinum.
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Budiyantoro, Cahyo, Heru S. B. Rochardjo, and Gesang Nugroho. "Effects of Processing Variables of Extrusion–Pultrusion Method on the Impregnation Quality of Thermoplastic Composite Filaments." Polymers 12, no. 12 (November 28, 2020): 2833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122833.
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Carbon fibre-reinforced polypropylene composite filaments were fabricated via the extrusion–pultrusion method. One of the important factors influencing composites’ filament processability and structural properties is the impregnation quality, which can be represented by interfacial adhesion between the matrix and fibre. To improve the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the filament, four processing variables—melt temperature, pulling speed, number of pins in the impregnation die and fibre treatment—have been optimised using the Box–Behnken response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to evaluate the linearity of the response surface models. Three levels were set for each independent variable. The melt temperature was varied at levels 190, 210 and 230 °C, while the pulling speed was set at three levels, namely, 40, 47 and 50 cm/min. The number of spreader pins was varied at 1, 2 and 3 pins, and there were three variations of the fibre treatment, namely, vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS), γ-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (APTS) and liquid nitrogen. Twenty-seven experimental runs were conducted, and a significant regression for the coefficient between the variables was obtained. The filament IFSS was measured by a customised pull-out test, and its surface morphology was characterised using a scanning electron microscope. ANOVA showed that fibre treatment significantly affected the IFSS due to their surface roughness, followed by pulling speed and melt temperature in quadratic order. Liquid nitrogen is recommended for carbon fibre treatment because of the high surface roughness, thereby providing a better matrix–fibre bonding effect. The results demonstrated that a melt temperature of 190 °C, pulling speed of 40 cm/min, three spreader pins and treatment of the fibre with liquid nitrogen afforded the optimum impregnation quality. It is important to keep a reasonable low processing temperature to obtain the geometrical stability of the product.
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Letseka, Thabiso, and Mosotho J. George. "Hollow-Fibre-Supported Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for Determination of Atrazine and Triclosan in Aqueous Samples." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1451476.
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We report the application of the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled to hollow-fibre membrane-assisted liquid-phase microextraction and its application for extraction of atrazine and triclosan. Under optimum conditions, namely, 25 μL of a 1 : 4 chlorobenzene : ethyl acetate mixture dispersed in 1 mL of aqueous sample, 10% (m/v) NaCl, a magnetic stirrer speed at 600 rpm, and 10 minutes’ extraction time with toluene-filled fibre as the acceptor phase, the method demonstrates sufficient figures of merit. These include linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9975), intravial precision (%RSD ≤ 7.6), enrichment factors (127 and 142), limits of detection (0.0081 and 0.0169 µg/mL), and recovery from river water and sewerage (96–101%). The relatively high detection limits are attributed to the flame ionization detector which is less preferred than a mass spectrometer in trace analyses. This is the first report of a homogenous mixture of the dispersed organic solvent in aqueous solutions and its employment in extraction of organic compounds from aqueous solutions. It therefore adds yet another candidate in the pool of miniaturised solvent microextraction techniques.
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Zhao, He. "Separation of Ethanol/Water in the Ethanol Adsorption of Functional Fiber." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 5270–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5270.
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The surface of polypropylene (PP) fiber was modified through grafting polymerization of butyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, methacrylate acetate, ethyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate initiated by ultraviolet (UV) in isopropanol/water mixture solution. In this paper, the factors influenced the separation performance of ethanol/water were discussed by grafted fiber, such as the solid-liquid ratio, the time of adsorption and oscillation, and the content of ethanol were discussed. The optimum adsorption conditions: the ethanol concentration of 90%,olid-liquid ratio is 1:80, when the handing time and adsorption shock time reached 10s, the adsorption could reach better effect.
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Asmara, Anjar Purba, Endaruji Sedyadi, and Ilma Fistannisa Zette. "Characteristics of Liquid Product of Alkaline Treated Sargassum polycystum C.A. Agardh. from Lange Beach, Aceh." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 25, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.25.2.57-65.
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Sargassum is known to have potential ingredients, such as essential nutrients and minerals, which are important for agroindustry and the environment. This study aims to determine the proximate properties of Sargassum polycystum C.A. Agardh from Lange beach and the optimum extraction period arising the liquid product. The dried seaweed was extracted using 0.1% KOH at a constant temperature of 80°C for 120–600 mins. Furthermore, nutrients content, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the afforded filtrate were quantified. As a result, the moisture, ash, fibre, carbohydrate, protein, and fat content were 7.16, 13.057, 20.33, 51.77, 6.12, and 1.57%, respectively. The value of pH, EC, and TDS ranged around 4.69–7.27, 0.013–0.078 dS.m-1, and 6.24–39.75 mg.L-1, respectively. The level of N, P, K, and organic C, were estimated around 0.30–0.81, 0.16–0.28, 0.15–0.20, and 0.32–0.80%, respectively. Meanwhile, the content of Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn were observed from 112.04–212.61, 24.60–33.57, 146.59–280.92, 416.22–630.69, 18.25–27.73, and 19.86–26.53 ppm, respectively. In conclusion, extraction for 120 mins seems to be preferable, as the observed parameters were above the minimum range.
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Zengge, Guo, Bo Wen Cheng, Song Jun, Gao Lei, Lu Fei, and Liang Yi. "Study on Spinning and Structure Properties of Regenerated TussahSilk/Cellulose Blend Fibers Using Ionic Liquids." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1156.
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In this work, the spinnging process of tussah silk/cellulose blend fiber using ionic liquids as solvent has been studied and the optimum spinning parameters were obtained from the orthogonal test. The structures morphology and properties of blend fibers were investigated through mechanical properties, SEM and FTIR. The result showed that break strength was 1.4124cN/dtex and break elongation was 9.803% in the condition of the optimum spinning parameters.
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Matebie, Bisrat Yihun, Belachew Zegale Tizazu, Aseel A. Kadhem, and S. Venkatesa Prabhu. "Synthesis of Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) from Brewer’s Spent Grain Using Acid Hydrolysis: Characterization and Optimization." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (September 26, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7133154.
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This study is aimed at utilizing brewery’s spent grain (BSG) byproduct for the synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) using acid hydrolysis and optimizing the hydrolysis parameters (hydrolysis time, temperature, liquid-solid ratio, and acid concentration). Alkali and bleaching treatment were done to remove hemicellulose and lignin from BSG. Optimization process was performed using central composite design (CCD) to obtain optimum value of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) yield. The maximum cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) yield of 43.24% was obtained at optimum hydrolysis conditions of 50°C, 51 wt% acid concentration, 41 min, and liquid-solid ratio of 19 ml/g. The raw brewery spent grain; alkali-treated fiber, bleached fiber, and obtained CNC were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD, particle analyzer, FTIR, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The characterization results indicated that the obtained cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) has rod-like whisker shape with crystallinity of 76.3% and an average particle size of 309.4 nm.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fibre optique liquide"
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Tahiri, Abdelmajid. "Nouveau concept d'une cuve photométrique utilisant le principe des fibres optiques liquides." Lille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL20023.
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Viale, Pierre. "Gestion des effets non linéaires dans les fibres optiques à bande interdite photonique." Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/9a9c89be-3d7c-4b1d-8644-ee484619e0db/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0057.pdf.
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Les effets non linéaires générés dans les fibres optiques sont devenus contrôlables avec l’apparition du cristal photonique. Il a été employé pour réaliser une fibre optique à coeur de silice à grande aire effective pour repousser le seuil d’apparition de ces effets. La conception et la caractérisation de cette fibre sont étudiées en détail. Le cristal photonique permet la propagation de la lumière dans un milieu d’indice faible comme l’air, matériau faiblement non linéaire, pour supprimer les effets non linéaires. La modélisation de fibres creuses est exposée, ainsi que nos premières réalisations et caractérisations. Une fibre composée d’un cœur liquide fortement non linéaire et d’indice faible peut également être employée pour exacerber des effets non linéaires et permettre la création de nouvelles sources optiques fibrées. La première réalisation de fibre à coeur liquide est présentée. Une théorie permettant la compréhension du guidage est développée et confirmée expérimentalementNonlinear effects in optical fibres were managed by means of photonic crystals (PC). On the one hand, such a metamaterial was employed to increase the threshold of appearance of nonlinear effects. Hence a silica core PC fibre exhibiting a large effective mode area was designed and fabricated. The subsequent characterization was studied in detail. Moreover, a properly designed PC allows propagation of light in a low index media such as air, which is a low nonlinear medium. Modelling of hollow core PC fibre was exposed together with our realizations and characterisations. On the other hand, specific properties of PC allow to propagate light in a highly-nonlinear low-index liquid filling the hollow core of a PC fibre so as to exacerbating nonlinear effects and creating novel optical sources. To the best of our knowledge, a low-loss liquid-core PC fibre was fabricated for the first time. A comprehensive theory of propagation was developed and confirmed by experiments
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Le, Gall Myriam. "Etude et réalisation de composants fibres à cristal liquide. Applications : Télécommunication optique." Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES2025.
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Nous presentons dans ce memoire une etude de l'utilisation des cristaux liquides en phase smectique, confines entre deux fibres optiques, pour des applications en telecommunications optiques. Les cristaux liquides presentent les avantages de posseder un important effet electro-optique, de preserver la continuite de transmission sur fibre et d'etre peu couteux. Quant au recours a l'optique fibree, les pertes d'insertion et l'encombrement sont davantage limites. L'association des deux est donc potentiellement interessante mais constitue des inconnues quant a la faisabilite technologique. Nous avons etudie deux applications pour les telecommunications optiques, la compensation de la dispersion modale de polarisation (pmd) par un controleur de polarisation a cristal liquide et le routage optique de l'information par un coupleur directionnel mach-zehnder a cristal liquide. Pour ces applications, le composant elementaire reste identique. Seuls le type de fibres monomodes (monocur ou bicurs), le type et l'epaisseur de cristal liquide entre les deux fibres different des deux applications. Parallelement, nous avons developpe une technologie de confinement de cristal liquide entre deux fibres ferulees. L'etude des premiers prototypes a permis de valider la faisabilite technique car la capacite d'alignement du cristal liquide entre deux fibres optiques et de commutation ont ete demontrees. Neanmoins ces prototypes ne sont pas optimaux en ce qui concerne le controle de l'epaisseur. L'analyse des differents facteurs nous a permis d'identifier toutefois un protocole quasi-definitif pour la realisation de composants fibres.
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Prat, Olivier. "Etude de l'Evaporation de Précurseurs Liquides Intervenant dans la Fabrication de Fibres Optiques." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20002.
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Meyer, Serge. "Etude et faisabilité d'un filtre optique à cristaux liquides accordable en longueur d'onde : optimisation des paramètres opto géométriques." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MARN0157.
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Abelard, Clément. "Micro modulateur spatial de lumière transmissif pour modulation de phase et d’amplitude." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT092/document.
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Le LETI possède un savoir-faire permettant de réaliser des micro modulateurs spatiaux de lumière (Spatial Light Modulators, SLMs) réalisés en technologie microélectronique sur silicium, ayant des très grandes résolutions et de très petits pas de pixels. Le LETI souhaite utiliser une technologie LCD particulière (la technologie IPS) dont d’une part les performances électro-optiques dans le domaine des micro-écrans ne sont pas connues mais d’autre part permet de garder des coûts réduits et de réduire le nombre d’étapes de fabrication. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’évaluer sur la base de simulations puis de réalisations techniques, les performances d’un micro-SLM IPS utilisé en modulation de phase et d’amplitude.Les recherches effectuées au cours de cette thèse portent sur 4 axes d’études. Le premier axe consiste à la recherche et à l’essai d’un logiciel spécifique (LCDMaster) permettant de simuler des cellules à cristaux liquides ainsi que des électrodes flottantes. Le second axe consiste à étudier en fonction du design du pixel et des différents modes d’alignements des cristaux liquides (Homogène, vertical et twisté) avec un pilotage de type IPS, les performances en modulation de phase. Les meilleurs résultats sont obtenus pour un alignement vertical fournissant un déphasage de 2 Pi. De plus, les performances d’un dispositif d’optique adaptative intégrant le SLM étudié ont été investiguées. Le troisième axe d’étude, consiste avec le même logiciel à investiguer sur les performances d’un SLM à cristaux liquide avec un pilotage de type IPS utilisant un alignement homogène en modulation d’amplitude (étude statique et dynamique). Cette étude permet également d’étudier les possibilités de diminution du temps de réponse de la cellule. Cette étude a aboutie à deux designs de SLM. Le premier design avec deux niveaux d’électrodes séparés par un isolant permettant de reproduire un effet type « cage de faraday ». La seconde a permis de diminuer de manière drastique le temps de réponse. Le quatrième axe de recherche consiste à tester des prototypes basés sur ces deux designs pour vérifier les performances obtenues en simulation grâce à un banc de caractérisation électro-optique. Des résultats concordants ont étés obtenus et de nouveaux types de SLM à pilotage IPS proposant un temps de rafraichissement rapides se rapprochant de l’état de l’art ont donc pu être désignés et caractérisésLETI possesses an expertise allowing to realize Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs) made in microelectronic technology on silicon, having very high resolutions and very small pixel steps. LETI wishes to use a specific LCD technology (IPS technology), on the one hand the electro-optical performances in the field of micro-display had to be investigated but on the other hand allows to keep costs down and reduce the number of manufacturing steps. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate on the basis of simulations and technical achievements, the performance of a micro-SLM IPS used in phase modulation and amplitude.Our investigations have been carried out on four major areas of study. The first axis is the search and testing of a specific software (LCDMaster) to simulate liquid crystal cells and floating electrodes. The second axis according to different designs of pixel and the different liquid crystal alignment modes (Homogeneous, vertical and twisted) with an IPS type control, to investigate the performances in modulation phase. The best results were obtained for a vertical alignment providing a phase shift of 2π. In addition, the performance of an adaptive optics device integrating the studied SLM has been investigated. The third axis of study focused on the performance investigation of a liquid crystal SLM with an IPS-type control using a homogeneous alignment in amplitude modulation (static and dynamic study). This study also makes it possible to study the possibilities of reducing the response time of the cell. It resulted in two SLM designs. The first design with two levels of electrodes separated by an insulator to reproduce a Faraday type effect. The second has drastically reduced the response time. The fourth area of research consists in testing prototypes based on these two designs to validate the performances obtained in simulation. Concordant results have been obtained and new types of IPS-controlled SLMs with state-of-the-art refreshing times have thus been designated and characterized
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Ramanitra, Andrianavalona Hary. "Etude et réalisation d'atténuateurs optiques variables fibrés à base de cristal liquide dispersé dans du polymère." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10017.
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L'objet de la thèse est l'étude théorique, la fabrication et la caractérisation des composants atténuateur optique variable (VOA) à base de cristal liquide dispersé dans du polymère (PDLC), destinés aux réseaux WDM (wavelength division multiplexing). Un modèle de diffusion par des sphères anisotropes a été développé afin d'étudier les propriétés électromagnétiques du VOA. Expérimentalement, on a fabriqué des composants en utilisant deux architectures différentes : VOA splice et VOA cellule. Au cours de cette étude, il s'est avéré que le VOA cellule est plus performant que le VOA splice. Toutefois, sans parler de l'intérêt économique, le VOA splice est plus compact avec un simple processus de fabrication tandis que les modes opératoires du VOA cellule sont assez délicats. Dans ce point de vue, une étude plus approfondie sur le VOA splice serait très intéressante.
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Berthelé, Patrick. "Etude, réalisation et caractérisation d'un modulateur spatial de lumière à cristal liquide ferroélectrique pour la commutation spatiale entre fibres optiques monomodes." Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES2007.
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Nous presentons dans ce memoire l'etude d'un modulateur spatial de lumiere a cristal liquide ferroelectrique (msl flc) optimise pour la deflexion de faisceau dans un systeme de commutation optique en espace libre entre fibres optiques monomodes. Le msl est utilise comme element diffractif mince adresse electriquement. Ce composant presente un bon compromis entre vitesse de reconfiguration et nombre de points de connexion adressables. En outre, son fonctionnement optiquement transparent n'impose pas de limite aux debits des informations vehiculees. La vitesse de reconfiguration importante (inferieure a 100 s) des msl flc s'obtient au prix d'une structure de cellule n'autorisant que deux etats de modulation de la lumiere. De ce fait, les elements diffractifs affiches sur le composant sont ainsi codes sur deux niveaux de phase, imposant un rendement de diffraction theorique de l'ordre de 40%. Nous montrons et verifions experimentalement que cette limite peut etre depassee par adjonction au msl d'un element diffractif fixe, optimise pour un ensemble de deflexions donnees. Le calcul de cet element utilise un algorithme d'optimisation d'holographie numerique : la recherche binaire directe avec recuit simule. Une version auto-adaptative de cette procedure est egalement developpee pour prendre en compte les defauts de fabrication du msl et la tolerance sur les positions des sorties a adresser. On a ainsi pu etablir le cahier des charges d'un commutateur presentant des pertes d'insertion de 7,5 db sur 8 voies, avec une dependance a la polarisation d'entree inferieure a 0,5 db. On montre que la diaphonie entre voies est annulee par une disposition non-reguliere des fibres de sortie. L'augmentation du nombre de voies adressables peut etre envisagee par le passage a une deflexion bidimensionnelle. En considerant les resolutions limites de la technologie flc (5 m), des capacites de commutation de 1 x 16 jusqu'a 1 x 64 sont possibles.
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Barbier, Margaux. "Génération de paires de photons corrélés par mélange à quatre ondes spontané dans des fibres microstructurées à coeur liquide." Thesis, Palaiseau, Institut d'optique théorique et appliquée, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IOTA0011/document.
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Une technique couramment employée pour développer les sources de paires de photons corrélés indispensables au domaine des télécommunications quantiques repose sur le processus non linéaire de mélange à quatre ondes, qui peut avoir lieu directement dans le cœur d’une fibre optique. Cette architecture fibrée permet de s’adapter au mieux aux besoins des réseaux de communications quantiques (en particulier en minimisant les pertes par couplage lors de la connexion de la source aux autres composants du réseau). L’utilisation d’une fibre microstructurée plutôt que d’une fibre de silice conventionnelle permet d’ajuster les propriétés de dispersion de la fibre et d’optimiser l’efficacité du processus non linéaire. Cependant, les sources fibrées usuelles, à cœur de silice, présentent une limitation majeure : leur pureté quantique est fortement dégradée par la diffusion Raman spontanée, qui survient elle aussi dans le cœur en silice de la fibre. Pour s’affranchir de ce problème, notre idée est de remplacer le cœur en silice par un cœur liquide, en utilisant une fibre microstructurée à cœur creux rempli d’un liquide non linéaire. Nos recherches nous ont ainsi conduits à faire la première démonstration expérimentale de génération de paires de photons corrélés dans une fibre à cœur liquide, et à montrer que, grâce aux propriétés Raman particulières des liquides (dont le spectre Raman se présente en général sous la forme de raies très fines), il était possible de réduire de plusieurs ordres de grandeur le niveau de diffusion Raman spontanée dans la source. Ce travail ouvre donc la voie au développement de sources de paires de photons corrélés fibrées de très haute qualité quantiqueQuantum telecommunication technologies rely on correlated photon pair sources, which are often based on the third-order nonlinear process of spontaneous four-wave mixing in silica-core photonic crystal fibres. A fibred architecture is advantageous because it minimizes the coupling losses between the optical source and the other components of quantum communication networks. Moreover, using a photonic crystal fibre rather than a conventional silica fibre offers the possibility of improving the photon generation (thanks to a small effective core area) and extending the wavelength coverage (thanks to dispersion management through the microstructuration design). However, the performances of silica-core photonic crystal fibre sources are limited in terms of quantum purity, because of the ubiquitous spontaneous Raman scattering process, which is a source of uncorrelated broadband noise photons in silica. We propose an original solution to this Raman problem by replacing the silica core by a liquid core, thanks to a hollow-core photonic crystal fibre filled with a nonlinear liquid. We actually performed the first experimental demonstration of the generation of correlated photon pairs in a liquid-core fibre, and demonstrated that, thanks to the specific Raman properties of liquids (which usually exhibit thin-line Raman spectra), it is possible to reduce the Raman noise level by several orders of magnitude. This work opens the way for the development of high quantum quality correlated photon pair fibred sources
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Fracasso, Bruno. "Des interconnexions holographiques à l'aiguillage dynamique pour les réseaux de communications optiques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691577.
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La trame générale de ces travaux de recherche concerne la modélisation et l'implantation de systèmes d'interconnexions optiques à forte bande-passante spatiale et temporelle. Nous présenterons une suite de résultats au niveau des modèles, des applications et des réalisations prototypales. L'origine de ces travaux est une étude sur les connexions optiques en espace libre permettant de modéliser des opérations de calcul optique parallèle (telles que la multiplication matricielle), débouchant sur une classe d'opérations plus générale mettant en jeu un réseau d'interconnexions non-invariantes spatialement entre plans de données. Cette étape a permis d'évaluer, tant qualitativement que quantitativement, l'apport de la synergie entre la synthèse numérique d'éléments optiques diffractants (HSO) et les modulateurs spatiaux de lumière (MSL) à cristal liquide, dans le but de réaliser des dispositifs de traitement optique spatial dynamique de l'information. L'étape suivante traite des interconnexions dynamiques entre fibres optiques monomodes, débouchant naturellement sur la conception de dispositifs d'aiguillage et de commutation pour les réseaux de transmission optiques dorsaux multiplexés en longueur d'onde (WDM). A ce niveau, les contraintes principales portent sur les temps de commutation requis −inférieurs à la milliseconde− et les capacités de plusieurs dizaines de voies spatiales indépendantes. Au niveau de l'implantation prototypale, nous avons poussé le plus loin possible le concept d'holographie digitale dynamique sur MSL à cristal liquide, aboutissant à la conception et l'intégration de plusieurs générations d'aiguilleurs de bandes optiques performants (jusqu'à 64 voies spatiales). Par la suite, devant la nécessité de développer des règles d'ingénierie sur les anneaux et les réseaux maillés WDM, je me suis impliqué dans l'évaluation et le développement d'outils de simulation photonique concernant les dispositifs de commutation et de brassage transparent de canaux optiques. Je présente enfin les axes de recherche ayant émergé plus récemment, centrés sur le dimensionnement et l'intégration de réseaux locaux utilisant l'optique comme canal de propagation sans fil à très haut débit et à impact sanitaire et environnemental réduit.
Book chapters on the topic "Fibre optique liquide"
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Setiati, Rini, Septoratno Siregar, and Deana Wahyuningrum. "Laboratory Optimization Study of Sulfonation Reaction toward Lignin Isolated from Bagasse." In Biomass [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93662.
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Bagasse is scientifically defined as waste from the extraction of sugarcane liquid after the grinding process. Bagasse is biomass which is used as raw material to be processed into surfactants. Bagasse fiber cannot be dissolved in water because it consists mostly of cellulose, pentosane and lignin. The optimum conditions for obtaining the highest yield and the best conversion of bagasse to lignin were achieved when used 80 mesh bagasse and 3 M NaOH as a hydrolysis agent. Then lignin is reacted with 0.25 sodium bisulfite to the surfactant sodium lignosulfonate. Lignin and sodium lignosulfonate were further characterized using a FTIR spectrophotometer to determine the components contained therein. The lignin component consists of phenolic functional group elements, aliphatic and aromatic groups, ketone groups, aren functional groups, amine groups and alkyl groups along with standard lignin components. Likewise with lignosulfonates, with indicator components consisting of C═C alkenes, Sulfate S═O, C═O carboxylic acids and S-OR esters. The NMR test was resulted the monomer structure of SLS surfactant bagasse. The results indicate that the lignin isolation process from bagasse has been successfully. Likewise, the sulfonation of lignin to lignosulfonate is also successful.
Conference papers on the topic "Fibre optique liquide"
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Chia-Fu, Chang, Wan Zou-ni, and Chen Chia-Hi. "Optimum Isotropic Dimension Phenomenal For Nematic Liquid Crystal; Display By Twisted Nematic Cell Gap." In 2006 Asian Optical Fiber Communication & Optoelectronic Exposition and Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aoe.2006.307333.
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Dundas, R. E. "Experience With External Fires in Gas Turbine Installations and Implications for Fire Protection." In ASME 1990 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/90-gt-375.
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This paper summarizes a body of experience with external fires, such as those involving lube oil, liquid fuel, or fuel gas, in gas turbine–generator installations. It then describes one such fire in a sprinklered building, indicating the lack of effectiveness of the sprinklers in controlling the fire and preventing damage to the building. Conclusions are then drawn as to the optimum methods of protecting against such fires. A concept of using excess–flow check valves in fuel lines, and throughout the lubrication system, for maximum protection from fires and other effects of a fuel or lubrication line break or separation, is described.
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Zhang, Zhien, Yunfei Yan, Junlei Wang, Li Zhang, Yanrong Chen, and Shunxiang Ju. "Analysis of CO2 Capture From Power-Plant Flue Gas Using the Membrane Gas Absorption (MGA) Method." In ASME 2015 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2015-49026.
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Currently membrane gas absorption (MGA) is a novel approach for gas separation. In the present work, a wide-ranging 2D mathematical model for CO2 absorption from the N2/CO2 mixture is proposed. Single solvents [H2O, ethylenediamine (EDA), diethanolamine (DEA), monoethanolamine (MEA), piperazine (PZ)] and blended solvents [DEA/PZ] were used as the absorbents. The non-wetting mode for the membrane contactor was considered in the calculations. The effects of gas concentration and velocity, and liquid concentration and velocity on CO2 removal were observed. The simulation results were verified with the experimental data showing a good agreement. The modeling results indicate that gas concentration and velocity have a negative effect on the capture process, while liquid concentration and velocity enhance CO2 capture. Also, it is noted that PZ has the best absorption performance than other single absorbents. The chemical solvents are much better than the physical solvent for the absorption of CO2. For mixed absorbents based on amine solutions, the CO2 removal efficiency could be about 20% higher than that of the single solutions. Thus, this model could provide the optimum operating conditions for acid gas absorption in the hollow fiber membrane module. It is also proved that the MGA approach exhibits a good potential in power-plant waste gas purification.
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Atakishiyev, Fuad Aziz, Alessandro Delfino, Cagri Cerrahoglu, Zahid Hasanov, Ilkin Yusifov, Alex Wallace, and Alberto Mendoza. "Flow Diagnostics in High Rate Gas Condensate Well Using Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensing and its Validation with Conventional Production Log." In SPE Offshore Europe Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205435-ms.
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Abstract We introduce a novel Machine Learning (ML) approach for processing distributed fiber-optic sensing (DFOS) data that enables dynamic flow profile monitoring using a fiber-optic e-line cable deployed in a gas condensate well and compare it to a conventional approach. DFOS technology has the potential to provide more efficient and dynamic flow profiles compared to traditional methods, particularly in high rate gas wells where production logs (PL) are recorded at reduced rates to avoid tool lifting. Distributed acoustic and temperature sensing (DAS & DTS) data were acquired simultaneously while the well was producing ~70 MMSCF/D gas. Conventional PL data was also acquired under the same condition to validate the flow profiling results obtained from DFOS measurements. This paper describes a novel data processing approach where ML based models for pattern recognition were applied to obtain the signatures of different fluid types. Flow profiling is achieved by applying multiple data models to address three key questions for inflow profiling: (1) which zones are producing? (2) what is the phase? and (3) what is the flow rate? A blind test was set up to avoid results contamination. The processing and interpretation of DFOS data and PL data were carried out independently and results were compared only when the work on both datasets was completed. The comparison demonstrates a good match between two measurements for gas inflow profile with an average error of about 1% in relative gas rate allocation along the four producing perforated intervals. Flow profile in a single-phase gas producing well was accurately determined by DFOS data analysis and the liquid production rate was then re-calculated using condensate-gas ratio (CGR) to obtain liquid and gas production rates at standard surface condition. The well was connected to a test separator during the entire acquisition period, and accurate gas, condensate and water production rates were obtained in real-time at surface condition. The hybrid processing technique was applied for the first time among our well stock and resulted in accurate gas inflow profiling. To further validate the performance of the presented approach, the authors intend to repeat the test in other high rate gas producing wells, including wells with permanently installed fiber. Multi-disciplinary teamwork involved collaboration between operator and vendor and allowed for efficient operational execution. The result of the risk assessment ensured the selection of the best candidate well ensuring minimum sand production at the optimum production rate, optimization of stationary time for DFOS data acquisition and cable armor erosion model.
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Tudor, V., M. Cerza, A. N. Smith, and C. T. Conroy. "The Effect of Initial Charge on the Steady-State Operating Performance of a Capillary Assisted Thermosyphon." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72323.
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The future capabilities of naval ships will be directly related to the electronic components used in advanced radar systems, fire control systems, electric propulsion and electric weapons. Modern electronics continue to grow in speed and functionality but shrink in size and mass, causing the power density to dramatically increase. Thermal management is becoming a major issue for the modern electronic Navy. An experimental investigation on the effect of liquid charge in a capillary assisted thermosyphon (CAT) loop for the shipboard cooling of electronics components has been conducted. The employed CAT loop differs from the capillary pumped loop or loop heat pipe system, in that the basic cooling loop is based on a thermosyphon. A wick structure located on the walls of the evaporator plate provides the capillary assistance needed to spread the working fluid (i.e. water) across the flat plate evaporator in the areas under the heat sources. This differs from a capillary pumped loop in that the wick structure does not produce a significant capillary pumping head from the liquid return to the vapor outlet side of the evaporator. The forced circulation in the CAT loop is caused by a gravity head between the condenser cold plate and the flat plate evaporator. The influence of the liquid charge on the CAT loop performance was studied for a fixed sink temperature and a range of heat inputs from 250W to 1000W. The initial liquid charge was varied from 50 ml to 200 ml (i.e. 16% to 24% evaporator fill ratio). The evaporator fill ratio was defined in this study as the ratio of the initial charge to the total volume of the evaporator. The condenser cold plate cooling water flow rate was set to 63.088 ml/sec. The CAT flat plate evaporator performed very well under this range of heat inputs, sink temperature, and initial charges. The experimental results obtained indicated that as heat input and the liquid charge increased or decreased above/below an optimum value, the operating temperature in the evaporator increased. The CAT loop flow dynamics also changed as a function of the initial liquid charge. Overall these effects did not hinder the thermal performance as measured by the internal operating temperature of the evaporator. An optimal charge was observed at an evaporator fill ratio of 40% (i.e. 125ml).