Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fibre Optique'
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Saab, Kassem. "Optique adaptative pour les télécommunications optiques." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEO016/document.
Full textFree space optical communications are able to allow rates of several tens of gigabits/s. In order to process these flows and benefit from the techniques developed in the context of fiber optics, it is desirable to inject the received beam into a single mode fiber. In this case, adaptive optics is proposed to limit the injection losses induced by the degradation of the beam quality caused by the atmospheric turbulence.In this thesis, we consider a link between a satellite and a ground receiving station.For high elevations when amplitude perturbations can be averaged by increasing the size of the pupil and the correction of the phase is sufficient by conventional adaptive optics (AO), this work deals with the experimental implementation of the coupling optimization between a conventional AO and a single mode fiber, by correcting the non common path aberrations between the measurement path of the wave front and the injection path of the corrected signal. The accomplished work in this context is summarized by the following tasks: definition of an automatic injection optimization method by controlling a single deformable mirror for the parallel correction of fast phase disturbance and quasi-static differential aberrations; numerical study of the implementation of the proposed method defined end-to-end simulations ; implementation of the method in the laboratory on the BOA bench, modeling the atmospheric turbulence by rotating phase screens, and validation of the injection optimization in closed loop ; application of the method on the ODISSEE bench at the OCA and closing of the loop on a laser signal emitted by the Japanese satellite SOCRATE.Besides, the link must be operational for a maximum duration. Indeed, the system must operate even when the satellite is low on the horizon and, therefore, when the crossed portion of atmosphere is thick. In these particular conditions, the disturbances induced by the air index fluctuations are stronger than for astronomical observations, so that, the simultaneous correction of the phase and the amplitude is essential to reach the desired injection ratio (> 50 %). Based on this analysis, the second part of this thesis focuses on the study of the experimental implementation of an innovative approach of a phase and amplitude correction based on using an integrated Mach-Zehnder. The work done in this part consists in the following points : elaboration of correction principle by a Mach-Zehnder and proposition of a generalized device with N channels ; theoretical analysis of the superposition by the proposed device ; development of a control algorithm based on the architecture proposed in integrated optics ; numerical validation of operation by end-to-end simulations ; design of the prototype for the experimental validation of the concept in the laboratory
Hanna, Marc. "Sources laser femtoseconde à fibre optique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806296.
Full textPophillat, Lucien. "Transmission video par fibre optique." Limoges, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIMOA001.
Full textPophillat, Lucien. "Transmission vidéo par fibre optique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608975p.
Full textDebut, Alexis. "Cohérence temporelle des lasers Brillouin à fibre optique." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10094.
Full textNeveux, Antoine Laurent. "Optoalimentation de capteurs par fibre optique." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4421.
Full textGrondin, Odile. "Vers un fluoroimmunocapteur à fibre optique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL078N.
Full textJiang, haifeng. "Développement de liens optiques ultra-stables pour le transfert de fréquences à longues distances." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA132010.
Full textThe transfer of ultra-stable frequencies between distant laboratories is required by many applications in time and frequency metrology, fundamental physics, particle accelerators and astrophysics. This thesis describes the development of ultra-stable optical links over distances from 86 km to 300 km. The long-term objective is to connect the main European National Metrology Institutes with optical links extending up to 1000 km. The optical link is based on the transfer of the optical phase of an ultra-stable laser emitting light of wavelength 1542 nm through an optical fiber of the telecommunication network. For that purpose, ultra-stable cavity-stabilized lasers and fiber-stabilized lasers have been developed. The fractional instability of cavity-stabilized laser is approximately 10-15 at 1s integration time. The fiber-stabilized lasers are robust, compact, simple, tunable and their frequency noise is comparable to that of the cavity-stabilized laser for Fourier frequencies higher than a few tens of Hertz. Optical links were first demonstrated on 86 km and 172 km using dedicated fibers connecting the laboratories LNE-SYRTE and LPL. Fractional frequency instability in the range of or below 10-19 at 104 s integration time has been obtained. For larger distances, the ultra-stable laser signal is transferred on the Internet network simultaneously with the data traffic but on a dedicated frequency channel, using wavelength division multiplexing. Multiplexed links were demonstrated over distances up to 300 km, with fractional frequency instabilities at the same level or better than with dedicated fibers
Mouchel, Paul. "Fonctions optiques basées sur des composants fibrés passifs : Collimation du signal issu d’une fibre optique et verrouillage de mode." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0055.
Full textThe development of fiber-based passive components is at stakes in the industry of fiber lasers.They are key components in order to meet the needs of critical markets. Two kinds of components are studied: collimators and real saturable absorbers. The former’s goal is to reduce the divergence of the output signal of a laser. When inserted in a cavity, the latter allows the generation of ultrashort pulses (order of the picosecond). We first developed a compact fiber collimator capable of transmitting up to 20 W of continuous optical signal. A more complex collimator was then developed. We are able to control the deviation and centring of the optical axes thanks to its design. The simulation of the component, the process of fabrication and the optical bench we specifically created for the alignment are discussed. The second component that we worked on is a real saturable absorber : a taper with graphene deposited on its waist. The reduction of the fiber diameter, the fabrication of the component and the process of deposition of graphene are described. We also studied the way the component behaves in the resonant cavity of a laser. The laser generated ultrashort pulses with an energy of 1 nJ and a duration of 4 ps. The average power of the laser is 520 mW. The limitations of the component are also discussed
ALLOUCHE, VIRGINIE. "Etude de l'amplificateur optique a fibre dopee erbium et de transmissions longues distances a fibre et amplificateurs optiques." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066296.
Full textBeauchemin, Maryse. "Coupleur holographique auto-adapté pour fibre optique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61328.pdf.
Full textMedjadba, Hocine. "Optimisation d’un gyroscope à fibre optique multimode." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6077.
Full textThe aim of the work presented in this thesis is to develop a new version of a multimode fiber optic gyroscope based on the optimal choice of the optical components and the signal processing. The work is mainly divided to two parts. The first part is devoted to the modeling of multimode Sagnac interferometer and allows the study of the effect of the modes coupling on the gyroscope performances. The modeling results are used to optimize the choice of the gyroscope components. The second part is dedicated to the experimental setup of the new prototype of the gyroscope and for the performances characterization
Finot, Christophe. "Similaritons dans les amplificateurs Raman à fibre optique." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011124.
Full textDifférentes propriétés théoriques des similaritons sont ensuite vérifiées expérimentalement. La dynamique de deux impulsions similaritons à des longueurs d'ondes centrales identiques ou différentes est également étudiée : les similaritons sont robustes vis-à-vis des collisions alors que l'interaction de deux similaritons entraîne la génération d'un train de solitons noirs à haut-débit.
Dans une dernière partie, nous évoquons l'application des similaritons à trois domaines : la génération d'impulsions ultracourtes, la mise en forme d'impulsions et enfin la régénération optique de signaux télécom à haut-débit.
Grapinet, Mélanie. "Dynamiques non linéaires en cavités optiques : oscillateur photoréfractif et laser à fibre optique." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOS046.
Full textThis thesis concerns the non linearities in a photorefractive cavity and in a fiber laser doped erbium with a cavity at ring unidirectional. The photorefractive cavity is a system with the geometry of a optical oscillator semi linear. An oscillation, in this cavity, will be studied analytically and numerically. Different states from the oscillation can present itself : no degenerate state and degenerate state. The operation of the laser to modes blocked rests on the strongly non-linear dynamics. In strongly dissipative state, the stability of the ultrashort pulses is apprehended through the concepts and properties of dissipative solitons. These discoveries were observed experimentally and were validated by numerical simulations founded on the use of a model of complex Ginzburg-Landau cubic-quintique with management of parameters. A numerical analysis with a vectorial profile of the fields was carried out
Guillaumond, Didier. "Étude théorique et expérimentale d'une source à fibre optique dopée erbium pour un gyromètre à fibre optique hautes performances." Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STET4009.
Full textDoya, Valérie. "Du "speckle" aux "scars" : une expérience de chaos ondulatoire dans une fibre optique." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5467.
Full textBoldyreva, Ekaterina. "Mesures réparties par réflectométrie fréquentielle sur fibre optique." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/18709/1/Boldyreva_Ekaterina.pdf.
Full textNguyen, Thanh Nam. "Étude de composants optiques à base de fibres optiques non-linéaires." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1E003.
Full textThis work deals with the possibility of using silica holey fibres (SHF) and chalcogenide holey fibres (CHF) for applications in all-optical regeneration at 40 Gbit/s. The original results obtained during this work are arranged in three parts. Firstly, this work reviews several methods, known as the split-step Fourier (SSF) methods, to solve the non-linear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) in order to simulate nonlinear propagation in optical fibres. For three of these methods, modifications in their algorithms to increase their efficiency have been proposed. This work also presents a new SSF method which can solve the NLSE with a given accuracy. Secondly, this work presents, for the first time, the optical characterizations of CHF fibres and their strong potential for non-linear applications. The optical characterizations of SHF fibres, especially with a strong Raman gain, are also presented. A novel method, based on the effect of soliton compression, to measure simultaneously the dispersion and the nonlinear coefficient in an optical fibre, is also proposed. . Lastly, this work proposes an abacus for the dimensioning of the regenerator at 40 Gbit/s. It points out the role of pre-filtering and studies the mechanism of power-dependent-induced jitter introduced by the regenerator. This work proposes also a new architecture of regenerator at 40 Gbit/s, based on the use of a compressor which exploits self-phase modulation, to eliminate some undesirable effects such as Brillouin scattering and intra-channel four-wave mixing. The efficiency of the architecture is shown experimentally within a recirculating loop
Bouhamri, Zine-Abidine. "Transmission multi-standards sur lien optique bas-coût." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957588.
Full textCaillaud, Céline. "Élaborations et caractérisations de fibres optiques microstructurées en verres de chalcogénures pour le moyen infrarouge." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S062/document.
Full textChalcogenide glasses combine several properties : large transparency in the infrared range, a high refractive index (n>2) and strong non-linear properties. The realization of microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) exacerbates non-linear effects more particularly by varying the opto-geometrical parameters of the fibers (d and Λ). Thus, single-mode propagation can be obtained and also generation of non-linear effects. The realization of high purity chalcogenide glasses is needed. In fact, absorption bands limiting the transparency of the fibers must be identified and minimized. For this, monitoring and qualification of components used in the synthesis of glasses should be undertaken. A protocol of synthesis and purification by heat treatment was implemented in this direction. The technique to elaborate MOFs is the casting method. It consists of flowing a glass on a silica mold. The geometry is the negative shape of the desired fiber. This method allows the realization of multimode or single-mode fiber in the 1-10 μm window. The realization of infrared sources was developed in the manuscript. The generation of a supercontinuum with a suspended-core fiber has been presented and also by the realization of a quantum cascade laser (QCL) coupled into a singlemode fiber. In addition, a polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) having a group birefringence of the order of 10-3 was developed through the evolution of the silica mold. In addition, an optical coupler, an all-solid fiber and an infrared bundle were achieved during this thesis
Di, Bin Philippe. "Analyse modale théorique et expérimentale de composants à fibres optiques multimodes : étude d'un capteur de température à fibre optique." Limoges, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIMO0211.
Full textN'Gadi, Lucien Yao. "Optimisation d'un réseau de communication par fibre optique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4797.
Full textBouslimani, Yassine. "Filtrage en longueur d'onde par fibre optique monomode." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES024.
Full textKotrotsios, Georges. "Etude et applications de la fibre optique bimodale." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0060.
Full textFISCHER, SYLVAIN. "Etude de la retrodiffusion de brillouin dans une fibre optique monomode. Application a un gyroscope a fibre optique a effet brillouin." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13247.
Full textVedadi, A. "Etude et applications des amplificateurs paramétriques à fibre optique." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544865.
Full textTahiri, Abdelmajid. "Nouveau concept d'une cuve photométrique utilisant le principe des fibres optiques liquides." Lille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL20023.
Full textRamos, Marie. "Etude du couplage entre une fibre optique unimodale et un guide d'onde en optique intégrée en vue de la réalisation d'un connecteur." Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET4025.
Full textDe, la Gorce Aliénor. "Manipulation des propriétés de cohérence spatio-temporelle de la lumière par mélange à deux ondes opto-numérique." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03179767.
Full textPropagation of optical signals through multimode scattering media is a very fundamental problem in physics. Many studies have been conducted in order to find efficient methods for the reconstruction of information from a scrambled content. Applications range from telecommunication information retrievement to biological endoscopy. In these goals, various approaches have been developed in the past few years. Some are based on two-wave mixing interaction in photorefractive crystals, others use light valves or numerical holography based on a spatial light modulator.During my PhD, I designed a new method for the study of spatio-temporal properties of optical information that has been scrambled through a multimode medium. This method relies on a digitally assisted two-wave mixing interaction based on a camera - Spatial light modulator combination. This study ensues from signal manipulation with a photorefractive crystal experiment. Besides, experimental parameters are not limited by the intrinsic properties of a crystal and allows much more flexibility on the light manipulation
Apriyanto, Haris. "Study, analysis and experimental validation of fiber refractometers based on single-mode, multimode and photonic crystal fibers for refractive index measurements with application for the detection of methane." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0022.
Full textRefractive index measurement has been studied since Ernest Abbé initially designed a refractometer in 1869, which is named the Abbé refractometer. Since then, numerous types of refractometers have been developed by employing either the optical prism-based refractometer or the optical fiber-based refractometer, due to their wide-ranging applications such as for sensingvarious physical, biological and chemical parameters. Recently, a large number of researchers have been developing refractometers based on optical fibers, exploiting mechanisms such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), multimode interference, fiber Bragg gratings (FBG), long period gratings (LPG), tapered optical fibers, and striped-cladding multimode fibers (MMF), for their advantages in immunity against electromagnetic interference, electrical passivity at the sensing probe, and capability to long term in-situ measurement. This thesis concerns the development of comprehensively functional and accurate models for optical fiber refractometers based on optical intensity modulation, in particular for stripped-cladding MMF refractometry as well as hybrid systems involving a combination of single-mode-multimode fiber refractometery and the all-fiber hybrid refractometer using photonic crystal fibers. A key objective of this work is to characterize the performance of these intensity-based optical fiber refractometers in terms of their power response, sensitivity, resolution, and dynamic range. The simulation results which are corroborated experimentally demonstrate very high sensitivity being obtained in Zone II (i.e. the sensing regime typically employed for measuring a sensing medium index higher than the cladding index but less than or equal to the core index) for all three types of refractometers. However, the sensitivity in Zone III (i.e. the sensing regime for which the sensing medium index is higher than the core index) is very low. A hybrid single-mode fiber - multimode fiber configuration is used to improve the sensitivity in Zone III. On other hand, the sensitivity for Zone I (i.e. the sensing regime typically employed for measuring a sensing medium index lower than the cladding index) has been improved by increasing evanescent wave absorption using the all-fiber hybrid refractometer based on solid-core photonic crystal fibers. As a further potential of the fiber refractometer for applications in biochemical sensing, the proof-of-concept for a methane gas sensor has been demonstrated using supramolecular cryptophane-A which enables to trap the methane molecules. Cryptophane-A incorporated into a functionalized film of StyreneAcrylonitrile (SAN) host is applied to a de-cladded region of the sensor as the sensitive region. The refractive index of this functionalized layer increases proportionally with increasing methane concentration, subsequently inducing variations in the transmitted optical power along the fiber sensor
Beugnot, Jean-Charles. "La diffusion Brillouin dans les fibres optiques microstructurées." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00296632.
Full textRavaille, Alexia. "Gyromètre optique basé sur une cavité résonante passive en fibre à cœur creux." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS411/document.
Full textIn this manuscript, we report the theoretical and experimental developments at TRT, TAV and LAC, aiming the realization of a hollow-core passive resonant fiber optical gyroscope that can achieve navigation grade performances. We mathematically describe the Sagnac effect, which is a relativistic effect used to optically probe mechanical rotations. Then, we detail the state of the art in passive resonant fiber optical gyroscope development. We identify their limitations, and explain why the hollow core fiber seems to be the best solution to cope with the actual limitations of such gyroscopes. We then focus on two different types of hollow core fibers: Kagome and photonic bandgap. We evaluate their performances in terms of transmission, polarization holding and backscattering. We describe the first measurement of a lock in region in a hollow core fiber passive optical gyroscope, i.e the range of rotation rates that cannot be measured because of backscattering. A mathematical model is propounded to link the lock in to the backscattering of the cavity. We then discuss the experimental protocol that we implemented to circumvent this limitation. Finally, we characterize the performances of our gyroscope based on these features
Mahieuxe, Bruno. "Capteurs à fibre optique pour le dosage des nitrates." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL046N.
Full textDuhant, Mathieu. "Etude des sources supercontinuum à fibres transparentes dans le moyen infrarouge." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833949.
Full textDoyennette, Laetitia. "Dispositifs unipolaires nitrures pour les télécommunications par fibre optique." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112013.
Full textVedadi, Armand. "Etude et applications des amplificateurs paramétriques à fibre optique." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2069.
Full textOver the past few years fibre optical parametric amplifiers (FOPA) have shown potential for many practical applications and permitted significant progress for future ultra high-bit-rate telecommunication systems, as the fundamental mechanism allows for a significant enhancement of the transmission bandwidth with respect to other optical amplifiers. In particular, dual-pump FOPA has proven to be the most efficient way for flat and wide gain bandwidth. The thesis provides a comprehensive review of the different physical mechanisms for parametric amplification and gives a detailed theoretical and experimental study of two-pump FOPAs. In particular, we focus on the signal distortion and spectral broadening induced by the phase modulation of the pumps, needed for suppressing the backward stimulated Brillouin scattering. We theoretically show that both the signal gain distortion and idler spectral broadening can fully suppressed when using counter-phase modulation of the two pump waves. We then report the fabrication of an integrated LiNbO3 y -junction synchronized double phase modulator fully packaged for RF-application up to 40 GHz. This optical modulator allows for delivering simultaneously counter-phase high- speed modulation and coupling for two input channels. It was designed for application to fibre-optical parametric amplifier and wavelength converters for suppressing idler spectral broadening and signal gain distortion caused by phase modulation itself. With this component, Idler spectral broadening suppression is experimentally demonstrated over ail the parametric gain band of a two-pump parametric amplifier operating in the 1. 55 5 [micron] region. We then report the experimental observation of the parametric gain mapping along an optical fibre, using the so-called Brillouin optical rime domain analysis. This method, developed in collaboration with the EPFL in Switzerland, allows us to observe for the first time both the effect of pump depletion and of the dispersion longitudinal fluctuations. Finally, the last part of the manuscript deals with a theoretical study of a parametric amplifier operating at 1 ~m for optical pulse replication in collaboration with the CEA in Bordeaux
Duval, Simon. "Laser femtoseconde à fibre optique émettant dans l'infrarouge moyen." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37364.
Full textThe development of lasers emitting in the mid-infrared, a spectral region where the funda-mental resonances of several molecules are found, is one of the most promising avenues in laserscience. However, the democratization of these coherent light sources is required for enablingbreakthrough applications in healthcare, environment, industry and research. Thanks to theirsimplicity, robustness, reliability and their unequaled optical performances, fiber lasers are thecandidates of choice for enabling this technological shift toward the mid-infrared.In this project, the first femtosecond fiber laser emitting in the mid-infrared was realized. Thishigh added-value laser offers exceptionnal temporal, spectral and spatial properties that pavethe way for several applications in spectroscopy and laser-matter interaction.The design, optimization and theoretical study of this femtosecond laser cavity emitting at 2.8μm are presented in chapters 1 and 2 as well as in appendix B. The generation of ultrashortpulses in this laser relies on a mode-locking technique based on nonlinear polarization evolutionof the signal propagating inside an erbium-doped fluoride fiber. Pulses with durations below300 fs and estimated peak powers above 20 kW were directly generated from this oscillator.The second part of this thesis (chapters 3 and 4) presents the design and numerical studyof an external fiber amplifier that significantly improves the performances of the oscillator.This amplifier that uses only one segment of erbium-doped fluorozirconate fiber enables thegeneration of ultrashort pulses with peak powers above 200 kW. Due to the soliton self-frequency shift process occuring inside the amplifier, the central wavelength of the outputpulses can be tuned from 2.8 to 3.6μm. This tunable femtosecond system in the mid-infraredcan be further simplified and improved and can also be adapted to other novel laser transitionsin the mid-infrared. This work paves the way for new applications to emerge both in thescientific and the industrial worlds.
Lemire, Louis. "Étalonnage statique d'un système de mesure à fibre optique." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1994. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5133/1/000617391.pdf.
Full textBoudrioua, Nassima. "Etude et optimisation d'une chaîne de transmission numérique par voie optique : vers une compensation électronique des effets de la PMD." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ024S/document.
Full textThe evolution of optical fibre transmissions accelerated these last years. The need to transmit high bit rates (today equal to or higher than 40 Gb/s) over increasingly large lengths of transmission is constantly growing. Unfortunately, the sensitivity of propagation to defects increases with the bit rate. These effects are related to chromatic dispersion CD, polarization mode dispersion PMD, or to nonlinear effects primarily induced by the effect Kerr (dependence of the index of refraction of fibre of the light intensity). In this context, this work focuses on the study of the effects of CD and the PMD on the optical transmissions. Moreover, the PMD is identified today as the principal source of limitation in high bit rate transmissions. In addition to that, birefringence in optical fibres represents the principal cause of PMD. In this work, we particularly focused on the study of the effects of the temperature on the PMD in monomode standards fibres (SMF) corresponding to specification ITU-G.652 used in the optical networks. By taking into account of the ellipticity of the fibre, the variation of the PMD according to the temperature is studied through the evolution of birefringence according to the parameter V of fibre for various temperatures. This work of thesis opens the way to develop an architecture making it possible to compensate for the PMD by digital signal processing. The main idea is to replace an expensive technology (optical components) by a numerical architecture at low cost, and more universal. The works in progress on the compensation of the PMD by electronic way are encouraging and seem very promising at short-term
Decombe, Jean-Baptiste. "Développement et application d’une pince optique à fibres nano-structurées." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY035/document.
Full textOptical tweezers allow to trap and manipulate objects without any mechanical contact with light and with an extreme accuracy. This non-invasive and non-destructive technique is of large interest in many scientific domains such as biophysics and medicine. Conventional optical tweezers use a laser beam which is strongly focalised by a microscope objective.The use of optical fibers attracts increasing attention as highly flexible and compact tools for particle trapping. Fiber-based optical tweezers do not require bulky optics and require only little alignments.In this context, the objective of this thesis was to develop a dual fiber nano-tip optical tweezers in order to trap particles with micro and nano-meter sizes. Our tweezers consist of two chemically etched optical fiber tips placed in front of each other with typical gaps from 20~nm to 20~µm. This dual contra-propagative beams configuration allow to cancel light radiation pressure. Efficient trapping can thus be obtained at relative low light intensities. Moreover, strong focusing is not required. Our device present an high flexibility due to in situ optimization and control of the fibre positions and individual particle manipulation without any substrate.During our work, we experimentally demonstrated stable and reproducible trapping of one or several particles in suspension. Various dielectric particles were trapped, from one micrometer polystyrene beads to luminescent YAG:Ce particles with diameters down to 60~nm. During this thesis, the latter were specifically elaborated and optimized for the optical trapping. We also measured optical forces applied to trapped particles by analysing their residual Brownian motion. We showed the trapping potential is of harmonic shape, allowing to define its optical stiffness.vspace{10pt}Finally, by modifying the emitted optical beam shape, we were able to improve specific tweezers characteristics. On one hand, nondiffracting quasi-Bessel beams allow us to get a stable trapping at large fiber-to-fiber distances.On the other hand, the use of metallised fiber tips allows to improve the beam confinement and enhance optical forces while reducing light intensity. We proved the near-field coupling between two metallised tips which were especially elaborated in this work. Those last results open promising perspectives for the development of plasmonic tweezers working in the near-field, which are especially well adapted for nano-particles trapping
Archenault, Martial. "Etude et réalisation d'un réfractomètre automatique et d'un capteur chimique intrinsèque à fibre optique multimodale." Saint-Etienne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STET4009.
Full textDobremez, Vincent. "Convergence des techniques de transmission fibre optique et radio MIMO haut débit." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952292.
Full textZaldivar-Huerta, Ignacio. "Transmission sur une sous porteuse micro-onde dans une fibre dispersive à l'aide d'une diode laser multimode." Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA2023.
Full textBoudrioua, Nassima. "Etude et optimisation d'une chaîne de transmission numérique par voie optique : vers une compensation électronique des effets de la PMD." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ024S.
Full textThe evolution of optical fibre transmissions accelerated these last years. The need to transmit high bit rates (today equal to or higher than 40 Gb/s) over increasingly large lengths of transmission is constantly growing. Unfortunately, the sensitivity of propagation to defects increases with the bit rate. These effects are related to chromatic dispersion CD, polarization mode dispersion PMD, or to nonlinear effects primarily induced by the effect Kerr (dependence of the index of refraction of fibre of the light intensity). In this context, this work focuses on the study of the effects of CD and the PMD on the optical transmissions. Moreover, the PMD is identified today as the principal source of limitation in high bit rate transmissions. In addition to that, birefringence in optical fibres represents the principal cause of PMD. In this work, we particularly focused on the study of the effects of the temperature on the PMD in monomode standards fibres (SMF) corresponding to specification ITU-G.652 used in the optical networks. By taking into account of the ellipticity of the fibre, the variation of the PMD according to the temperature is studied through the evolution of birefringence according to the parameter V of fibre for various temperatures. This work of thesis opens the way to develop an architecture making it possible to compensate for the PMD by digital signal processing. The main idea is to replace an expensive technology (optical components) by a numerical architecture at low cost, and more universal. The works in progress on the compensation of the PMD by electronic way are encouraging and seem very promising at short-term
Brichard, Benoît. "Systèmes à fibres optiques pour infrastructures nucléaires : du durcissement aux radiations à l'application." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20182.
Full textNguyen, Thanh Nam. "Etude de composants optiques à base de fibres optiques non-linéaires." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00365863.
Full textEn ce qui concerne la modélisation de la propagation non-linéaire, ce travail passe en revue plusieurs méthodes de résolution de l'équation non-linéaire de Schrödinger (ENLS) connues sous le nom de méthodes split-step Fourier. Pour trois de ces méthodes, une modification astucieuse de l'algorithme de résolution numérique de l'ENLS permettant d'augmenter l'efficacité de la méthode est proposée. Ce travail présente également une nouvelle méthode split-step Fourier permettant de résoudre l'ENLS avec une précision choisie.
Pour la partie concernant la caractérisation de fibres optiques non-linéaires, ce travail présente, pour la première fois, les caractérisations optiques de fibres optiques microstructurées en verre de chalcogénure et démontre leur fort potentiel pour des applications non-linéaires. Des caractérisations non-linéaires de fibres optiques microstructurées en verre de silice présentant une faible atténuation et un gain Raman record sont également présentées. Une nouvelle méthode pour mesurer simultanément la dispersion chromatique et le coefficient non-linéaire de fibres optiques, basée sur l'effet de compression soliton, est proposée.
Concernant l'étude du régénérateur de Mamyshev, ce travail propose une étude théorique conduisant à l'élaboration d'un abaque pour le dimensionnement du régénérateur et permettant d'étudier le rôle du pré-filtrage et le mécanisme de gigue temporelle introduite par le régénérateur. L'étude expérimentale du régénérateur met en évidence le rôle néfaste de l'effet Brillouin et du mélange à quatre ondes sur les performances d'un régénérateur à 40 Gbit/s. Une nouvelle architecture de régénérateur, basée sur l'utilisation d'un compresseur d'impulsions, est proposée afin d'éliminer ces effets indésirables. Son efficacité est démontrée au cours d'une expérience de régénération en boucle à recirculation.
Dardaillon, Rémi. "Fibres optiques passives et actives sous irradiation : application à l'amplification et à la dosimétrie en environnement spatial." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS052/document.
Full textErbium-doped optical fibers open up many applications, especially in the field of terrestrial and underwater telecommunications, with optical amplifiers. Nowadays, there is a real interest for the space industry to use these fibers in satellites. However, in order to use their full potential, qualification in radiative environments is to be carried out, this is the main focus of this PhD work. Thanks to the partnership with Draka-Prysmian group, we have a full access to a large diversity of specialty fibers, in terms of chemical compositions : this allows us to study their sensitivity to radiations, and to determine the important role of dopants and co-dopants in this sensitivity. A real-time study of it, associated with a qualification of pristine and irradiated optical samples, enables the detection of radiation-induced defects, and the understanding of their creation process, as a function of the fiber structure. This study provides a physical model describing the degradation and the recovery of these fibers, enhanced with an amplifier modeling. It allows the prediction of the quantitative behavior of specialty fiber-based amplifiers, in terms of gain and bandwidth, versus the chemical composition of the fibers used, for a typical space mission dose ; thus this modeling meets the needs of the spatial market key actors. Furthermore, the benefit of this work opens up another avenues for some larger opportunities, in various radiative environments, such as the medical field or the areas of nuclear facilities
Thomas, Jérémie. "Impact de la nanostructuration des fibres dopées Erbium sur leurs performances : application aux contraintes du spatial." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20178/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the impact of nanostructuration on the performance of Erbium Doped Fiber in severe environment like Space. This study is motivated by the fact that no on-the-shell Erbium Doped Fiber can satisfy the space requirement, disabling the availability of the AOFD and stongly limiting the interest of the WDM technology for satellites. Several fiber based on different technologies have been tested in order to check their behavior under gamma radiations. We have defined an objective criterion for the selection of erbium doped fibers, and showed elements for hardening aluminum co-doped fibers, based solely on design parameters. In this way, we brought to the fore a radiation hardened fiber, based on silica nanoparticles, exhibiting a power decrease of 1 dB after a typical space mission. We also focused on EDFA modeling by proposing an evolved model taking into account non-linear effects due to the complex spectroscopy of Erbium. This model is completed by including irradiation effects thanks to a model such as Chen's one. The photobleaching effect that has been found to be strong is also considered
Leconte, Baptiste. "Développement de sources laser à fibre dopée Nd3+ pour une émission autour de 900 nm et 450 nm." Caen, 2016. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01505597.
Full textMany fields including telecommunications and biomedicine require a laser source emitting in the blue spectral region with a diffraction-limited beam. To obtain such a source, the solution adopted in this thesis work is to develop a high-power Nd-doped fiber laser source operating on the 4F3/2-4I9/2 transition of Neodymium ion at 900 nm. After frequency doubling in a non-linear crystal, it is then possible to have access to wavelengths around 450 nm. However in aluminosilicate fibers, there is a strong competition between the three-level transition 4F3/2-4I9/2 of Nd3+ ion and the four-level scheme of the 4F3/2-4I11/2 transition around 1060 nm, which constitutes the main obstacle to overcome to obtain an efficient laser emission at 900 nm. As a first step, a theoretical study allows us to determine optimal geometrical parameters of double-clad Nd-doped fibers to foster laser emission on the transition of interest. Once fabricated by our industrial partner iXblue, the optimized fibers are used in several laser and amplification architectures leading for instance to wavelength-tunability on a wide spectral bandwidth around 900 nm and to selective amplification of transverse guided modes. In parallel, performances reached in terms of power and beam spatial quality at 900 nm permits an efficient frequency conversion, which led to the development of new blue laser sources operating in continuous-wave and pulsed regimes around 450 nm
Bichler, Anthony. "Modélisation et simulation de la propagation optique dans une fibre optique multimode précontrainte : conception de capteurs à fibre optique à modulation d’intensité dédiés à la mesure de températures et d’étirements." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/BICHLER_Anthony_2011.pdf.
Full textThis manuscript presents the modeling, simulation and design of a new kind of light modulation optical fiber sensor for temperature and strain measurement. The transducer consists of a multimode fiber step index clamped between two micro-structured jaws. The clamping effect generates local periodical perturbations of both the geometry and the fiber refraction indexes (core and optical cladding). In order to compute the radiative coupling occurring when the waveguide is perturbated by a mechanical deformation of short period, we have chosen to use an electromagnetic model of modes coupling initially developed by Dietrich Marcuse. The simulation allowed us to determine the transducer sensitivity according to its specific characteristics. From these results we have chosen the parameters useful to design the sensor versus the aimed application. The first jaws prototypes of transducers have been microstructured in rectangular pattern etched in metal by femto-second laser micromachining. The elementary pattern size was of 20 micrometers of depth and the pattern layout period was ranging from 50 micrometers to 100 micrometers. After evaluation, we proposed to develop a large scale fabrication process of the jaws using plastic injection which was very efficient. The experimental tests of the first sensor prototypes allowed the validation of the computing models and showed a linear response of the sensor versus the measured physical parameter. We present the static and dynamic calibration methods that we have implemented to establish the metrological specifications of the sensor