Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fibres textiles synthétiques – Surfaces'
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Ben, Aicha Ons. "Modification de surface des fibres de PA6,6 par greffage chimique." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-1-2.pdf.
Full textMuller, Didier. "Influence des caractéristiques physico-chimiques de la fibre de polyester et de l'ensimage sur les interactions fibres-ensimages : diffusion - répartition - cohésion." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10063.
Full textBaouab, Mohamed Hassen V. "Cationisation de fibres textiles (naturelles et synthétiques) : application à la dépollution." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10134.
Full textGhoreishi, Seyed. "Modélisation analytique et caractérisation expérimentale du comportement de câbles synthétiques." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2048.
Full textBodart, Jean-Claude. "Modélisation et commande d'une machine à thermofixer en continu des fibres synthétiques." Mulhouse, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MULH0030.
Full textDuhau, Patrick. "Etude de l'influence des paramètres mécaniques, physico-chimiques et rhéologiques des ensimages sur la qualité des fils synthétiques obtenus par filage grande vitesse." Mulhouse, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MULHA006.
Full textHa, Yeung André Kwet Thai. "Contribution a l'étude des mécanismes de teinture du polyester et des transferts thermiques par conduction en vue de l'optimisation du procède thermosol." Mulhouse, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MULH0097.
Full textCheret, Daniel. "Elaboration et caractérisation d'un tissu de carbone active." Mulhouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MULH0433.
Full textDieval, Florence. "Contribution à la détermination de la structure des fibres et microfibres de polyester." Mulhouse, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MULH0535.
Full textSeurin, Marie-José. "Contribution à l'étude de propriétés statiques de polymères mésomorphes." Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE4061.
Full textVu, Thi Hong Khanh. "Etude de l'influence de la structure et de la texture des microfibres de PET sur leurs propriétés tinctoriales." Mulhouse, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MULH0474.
Full textPac, Marie Jose. "Les surfaces textiles aux échelles micro, meso et macroscopiques : propriétés thermiques et tribologiques." Mulhouse, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MULH0644.
Full textNotin, Laure. "Étude fondamentale de l'élaboration et des propriétés de fibres de chitosane dans le cadre d'une problématique biologique." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10038.
Full textLefebvre, Marie. "Résistance à l’impact balistique de matériaux composites à renforts Interlocks tissés : application au blindage de véhicules." Valenciennes, 2011. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/25e254d5-2d8c-4d76-9959-cb97a45dcce8.
Full textThis study is a part of an innovative exploratory research with the financial support of the DGA. The aim is to study the impact behaviour of Interlock composite materials. The final objective is to integrate a composite material based on Interlock weaving structure into vehicle armor system that will be placed as backing of a metal panel used to fragment the FSP projectile during the impact. The composite materials should absorb the impact energy during impact and stop the metal fragments after penetration of the metal panel by the projectile. The fabrication of these materials leads to create woven Interlock structures on a weaving loom and the implementation of the fabrics by infusion process. The materials are then impacted. A criterion of comparison was used, taking into account the speed limit perforation of the material and the area density of each impacted structures in order to compare the ballistic performance at the same weight. For this study we have made the choice to produce three Interlocks weaving structures with the same weaving parameters. We also choose to use two types of fibres, Kevlar® and Vectran® for each structure. The change of the weaving process and the infusion of materials allowed us to bring out two Interlocks structures composed of Vectran® fibres with the impact criterion equivalent to the structures currently used in the field of vehicle armor
Drevelle, Christophe. "Conception et développement de systèmes retardateurs de flamme pour fibres synthétiques." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Drevelle.pdf.
Full textOuattara, Sinaly. "Étude expérimentale du comportement des sables confinés par fibres courtes ou par manchons." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10057.
Full textDewez, Sandrine. "Utilisation des micro-ondes dans l'ennoblissement textile." Valenciennes, 2008. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/fb9852f2-eb3a-4bc9-b1c6-bcb7f1fe26cc.
Full textThe textile ennoblement is very consumer out of water and auxiliaries which lead to a strong polluting load of its rejections. Thus, several studies were undertaken during the Seventies and Eighties to introduce microwave (MW) technology and to reduce pollution, but little of them led to an industrial development. Since ten years now one notes in particular a renewed interest for the MW technology in the field of chemistry. The goal of this work is initially to study the feasibility of the use of a mixed process conventional heating/MW for the textile ennoblement and to develop a laboratory pilot. The device was designed and optimized while being based on the ennoblement with various stages of various textile materials. In the second time, we tried more precisely to understand the effects of the MW on the dyeing of polyester. The use of the MW for the textile treatments makes it possible to decrease the temperatures and the duration of the treatments and also to strongly limit the addition of textile auxiliaries. With the microwaves, the kinetics of dyeing and diffusion of the dye in fibre are accelerated. The tests show that the MW act particularly on water and dyes, the polyester fiber being not very polar. Assumptions are made to explain the effects. Thus the MW would quickly compensate for the cooling caused by the evaporation of water and the sublimation of the dyes, making it possible to increase speeds of dyeing. One notes a reduction in the energy of activation of the diffusion of the dye in fibre: Specific effects of the MW would be also concerned
Bobeck, Malin. "Binary surfaces - ljusemitterande textiler för inredningssammanhang." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-841.
Full textThe thesis Binary surfaces - light-emitting textiles for an interior design context is an investigative work on how optical fibres can be used in woven structures. The work explores the different parameters that affect the interaction between optical fibres and weaving, and the possibilities they create together. The result is two examples of fabrics woven with optical fibres in combination with more traditional textile materials. The examples are designed for an interior context and are shown as a room divider and as outer fabric on seating furnishing.
Madrolle, François. "Etude du comportement mécanique des matériaux textiles soumis à des sollicitations rapides." Mulhouse, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MULH0368.
Full textEl, Ghoul Yassine. "Ennoblissement de fibres de polypropylène et de polyamide-6,6 par les cyclodextrines : application à la teinture et en tant que biomatériau à libération contrôlée d'antibiotique." Lille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL10154.
Full textZhao, Yun-hua. "Visualisation du champ de déformation de surfaces textiles : mise au point et utilisation d'un logiciel d'analyse d'image." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0185.
Full textMaurin, Bernard. "Morphogénèse des membranes textiles architecturales." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20028.
Full textBen, Aicha Ons Perwuelz Anne. "Modification de surface des fibres de PA6,6 par greffage chimique." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2004. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/411.
Full textN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3438. Résumé en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. à la suite de chaque chapitre.
Lalonger, Louise. "Passage de l'utilisation de colorants naturels aux colorants synthétiques pour des fibres textiles en milieu domestique : fin 19e, début 20e siècle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28425.
Full textIndelicato, Giuliana. "Modèles mécaniques de réseaux de fibres 2D et de textiles." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL009N/document.
Full textIn this work, we discuss three basic problems related to the mechanical behavior of textile materials. First, we extend the model of Wang and Pipkin for textiles, described as networks of inextensible fibers with resistance to shear and bending, to a model in which resistance to twist of the individual fibers is taken into account, by including torsion contributions in the elastic stored energy. As an example, we study the behaviour of a cylindrical shell made of helical fibers. Second, we study how the geometry of the weave pattern affects the symmetry properties of the deformation energy of a woven fabric. For networks made by two families of fibers, four basic types of weave patterns are possible, depending on the angle between the fibers and on their material properties. The symmetry properties of the pattern determine the material symmetry group of the network, under which the stored energy is invariant. In this context, we derive representations for the deformation energy of a woven fabric that are invariant under the symmetry group of the network, and discuss the relation of the resulting group invariants with the curvature of the fibers. Third, we develop a model for textiles viewed as surfaces with microstructure, using a modification of the classical Cosserat model for shells, in which the microstructure accounts for the undulations of the threads at the microscopic scale. Describing the threads as Euler's elastica, we derive an explicit expression for the microscopic elastic energy that allows to set up a simple model for the macroscopic mechanical behavior of textiles
Eve, Sophie. "Comportement à la prise et propriétés mécaniques de matériaux composites à base de plâtre." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2068.
Full textSaïhi, Douha. "Modification de surface des fibres textiles par greffage chimique : Synthèse et caractérisation." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-297.pdf.
Full textSolarski, Samuel. "Développement de nouveaux filaments de polylactide nanocomposites." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Solarski.pdf.
Full textKaewprasit, Chongrak. "Contribution a l'estimation de la surface specifique des fibres de coton : relations entre surface et proprietes physiques." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20099.
Full textPark, Keun Hoo. "Contribution à la modélisation, à l'identification et à la simulation d'un procédé de teinture des microfibres de polyester." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-21-22.pdf.
Full textLa deuxième partie traite de la modélisation de la diffusion des colorants dans la fibre. Une étude de sensibilité montre que le paramètre de diffusion, le plus significatif lors de la teinture, dépend fortement de la concentration initiale du colorant, de la température du bain, du titre de la fibre et du temps de diffusion. Ce travail contribue à une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes liés à la teinture. L'ensemble des paramètres du modèle est ensuite identifié par des méthodes d'optimisation utilisant des algorithmes génétiques. Les résultats obtenus sont validés pour différentes fibres de polyester et notamment les microfibres et super microfibres. Cette approche spécifique à la modélisation de la diffusion peut s'étendre à la modélisation d'un processus de teinture global permettant les simulations des expériences sur ordinateur et la réalisation de teintures virtuelles. La dernière partie est axée sur la simulation du processus de teinture à partir du modèle global. Ce modèle génère la dynamique de teinture à partir du profil de température imposé, de la concentration initiale de colorant et du titre de la fibre de polyester. Afin de garantir un unisson correct, différents profils de température et concentrations initiales ont pu être testés par l'intermédiaire de la simulation du modèle. Le résultat de cette étude a été de résoudre le compromis entre ces deux paramètres. La prise en compte de l'expérience des teinturiers est intégrée pour établir le lien entre l'unisson et la dynamique souhaitée
Neagu, Ionut. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la simulation tridimensionnelle de l’interface fibres/fil." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10029/document.
Full textThe basic need of this study, would be to predict accurately yarn structure behavior based on the physical behavior and mechanical properties under different loads applied to the range. Beyond the scientific nature of the forecast, we can use the same computer to simulate virtually ground tests and laboratory experiments (prediction of new material technology) or to generate realistic animation art characters (design of textiles and clothing).Therefore, to model and to predict the different behavior in the chain of textile design by the a tool provides a gain of time and considerable manpower. Simulation of laboratory tests for textile products in the clothing industry may eventually lead to improved products, lead to higher rates of successful or reduce the amount of unsold goods, and lead ultimately to an increase in sales. In computer graphics, it is possible to implement a virtual chain of comparative testing using a specific standard based on criteria of quality obtained by simulation. The innovative aspect of our research is the generation of a structure with a variable diameter structure. The real model of the yarn is simulated by presenting a preliminary 2D structure that simulates the change in diameter and after the 3D presentation of it, the repetition of the simulated part is also an important part.The use of interpolation curves represented by Bezier polynomials in the context of this work represents a new approach, especially in the area of natural yarns sectional variation.In this context we obtained a valid model of the yarn in order to extended and validated theother one that are allready developed The main objective of this work is to complement research conducted in the framework of modeling and simulation applications textiles. By using 3D tools, companies can reduce the time required for product improvement. The immediate consequences are the reduction of costs and working hours. The increased power and speed of computing technologies, but also reducing their prices, make possible the implementation of virtual tools to improve the realistic level of quality and technical simulations
Iyer, Sweta. "Textiles luminescents utilisant des produits biosourcés : une approche bio-inspirée." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I026.
Full textTransfer of knowledge inspired by nature to technological applications has enabled scientists to create sustainable solutions. Nature has designed a few biobased molecules that are responsible for bioluminescence and photoluminescence in some living species. In this thesis, the potential use of luminescence phenomena existing in nature toward the attainment of luminescent textiles was explored. In the first part of the thesis, a detailed literature study on luminescence phenomena seen in nature, was reviewed. The results allowed the selection of luminous bacteria reaction system based upon the availability, regeneration of the substrate, and cost of biochemicals. The selected ‘luminous bacteria’ bioluminescent reaction involves two enzyme(s) bacterial luciferase (Luc) and FMN reductase (Red), a biobased substrate flavin mononucleotide (FMN) along with co-factors such as NADH and a long-chain aldehyde. Eco technologies such as air atmospheric plasma and cold remote plasma treatment were used for textile fiber surface activation, allowingenzyme immobilization. Primarily, the catalytic activity and luminescence efficiency of the luminous bacteria system were evaluated and optimized in the aqueous phase, by intensity measurements using a luminometer. Furthermore, the optimized reaction system was incorporated onto textiles to evaluate the bioluminescence effect. The evaluation of the bioluminescent system on textiles showed that the relative light intensity (RLU) as high as 60,000 RLU equivalent to that of LED light could be achieved. The study revealed its first successful attempt to utilize a biomimetic strategy for immobilization of enzyme(s) involved in the luminous bacteria reaction system onto a plasma-activated microfibrous nonwoven textile to attain bioluminescent materials that can be used for various applications. Besides, flavin mononucleotide widely known as 'FMN' is a biobased resource derived from riboflavin (RF). The isoalloxazine ring present in both the RF and FMN molecules attributes the photoluminescence phenomenon. Thus, with the emulation and design to obtain biomimetic luminescent textiles/bioluminescent materials using FMN as a substrate in enzymatic process, the potential use of native FMN molecule as such to produce photoluminescent textiles was also explored. Different functionalisation methods were used to immobilize the FMN inside the textile fiber or at the fiber surface, to produce photoluminescent textiles whose quantum efficiencies were determined Cellulosic textiles functionalized using diffusion method, exhibit greenish-yellow fluorescence, but possess equally multifunctional properties, such as UV protection and coloration. Later, the ability of FMN to implement photoluminescent textiles was explored using inkjet and chromojet (digital printing techniques) by immobilizing FMN on different textile fiber surface(cellulose and polyester). Some of such functionalized fabrics exhibit additionally, antibacterial properties along with other properties mentioned.. Furthermore, the photodegradation study of FMN on printed textiles resulted in varying fluorescence intensity and wavelength, shifting from yellow, to blue and then to white fluorescence, depending on the light irradiation time and intensity. Thereafter, glow-in-dark patterned PET nonwoven panels were designed after surface activation with plasma, using certain biopolymers through screen printing and coating methods. This can allow textile surface pattern designers to create light-emitting textiles with interesting aesthetic expressions. Hence, the study enabled to explore the use of biobased products to produce photoluminescent and bioluminescent textiles using functionalization and eco-technological methods
Zahour, Selim. "Performances de fibres synthétiques issues du recyclage. Role des propriétés aux interfaces sur le comportements au temps et à l'usage." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR019/document.
Full textWe focused on physical ageing of a non-woven produced by recycled fibers from plastic bottles. This non-woven is produced by drylaid-textile process and is used for building thermal insulation. Two networks are visible and structural relaxation has been investigated through the study of evolution of one fiber skin part with different couple time, temperature. Physical ageing of polymers can be followed by structural relaxation process. We showed that structural relaxation process is very long for temperatures of use far from glass transition temperature. Same results have been shown on the global non-woven stored in non-insulated box governed by Normandy weather. The combination of the two previous results reinforce our basic idea ; the insulator properties variation will be stable for long time only if temperature of use is far from glass transition temperature
Leroux, Frédéric. "Etude des traitements par plasma à pression atmosphérique : applications à l'industrie textile." Valenciennes, 2007. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/edbbecfc-18d6-4b32-9d6c-b123269222ab.
Full textSurface properties of textile are important factors for the end-use materials properties. These surface properties determine the hydrophilic and hydrophobic behaviour of the materials and also theirs padding and coating adhesion as well as their dyeing behaviours. Atmospheric plasma treatments seem to be a good way to treat quickly, cheaply and ecologically polymeric surfaces. First, the impact of atmospheric air Dielectric Barrier Discharge (D. B. D. ) plasma treatments were studied on a poly(propylene) film. A surface oxidation and a roughness modification were observed. The ageing of these modifications was follow. Then, according with the previews results, plasma treatments were used to treat various poly(ethylene terephthalate)textiles (Film, nonwovens, fabrics). The plasma treatment influences on the surface energy, capillarity and adhesion properties were checked for each textile. This work shows that the polymer chemistry, the porosity and the air permeability have an influence on the final properties and on the plasma treatment power needed to reach them. Plasma treatments were also used as a pre-treatment before dyeing or fluoro-polymer padding processes
Salem, Mohamed Medhat. "Etude expérimentale et numérique des défauts de bouclage et de glissement lors de la mise en forme de composites structuraux à base de fibres synthétiques et végétales." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0117.
Full textComposites with fibrous reinforcements are extensively used in advanced industries such as aeronautics or the automotive industry because of their higher mechanical property/mass ratio compared to that of metals. Their complex shape forming presents major scientific challenges, particularly for composites with woven reinforcements. In fact, woven reinforcements are subject to defects when shaped on complex geometries with high curvature. Some of these defects have already been the subject of several studies, while others, such as the tow buckling and sliding defects, have not been fully explored yet. At this moment, simulation codes cannot accurately predict the occurrence and development of tow buckling and sliding defects during the shape forming of woven reinforcements. One of the reasons is the lack of knowledge about the origin and kinematics of these defects. This thesis work proposes to bring more understanding on these defects through an experimental and numerical approach. Concerning the tow buckling defect, the influence of tensions in the tows network, the nature of the reinforcement, the reinforcement weave and the dimensions of the tows have been studied. For the sliding defect, the influence of the type of reinforcement, tensions in the tows, the reinforcement weave and the orientation of the tows in the reinforcement have been explored. These results open up perspectives for improving the quality of composite parts
Chatain, Szostkiewicz Catherine. "Méthodes mixtes numériques et expérimentales pour la caractérisation en rigidité et la fissuration de membranes composites orthotropes." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10288.
Full textCasetta, Mathilde. "Procédé de teinture du polyester par les colorants dispersés : étude physico-chimique et modélisation+." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10181.
Full textAinsi, l'étude de l'influence de différents paramètres (temps, température, produits auxiliaires,. . . ) sur le comportement des colorants en solution aqueuse met en évidence des phénomènes de déstabilisation des dispersions et permet de sélectionner un colorant présentant des propriétés adaptées à la teinture à haute température. La réalisation des expériences de teinture pour diverses températures de mise en oeuvre et avec différentes concentrations initiales en colorant conduit à l'obtention des isothermes de partage qui reflètent la manière dont le colorant se répartit entre le bain et la fibre. La procédure de modélisation est réalisée à partir des valeurs obtenues suite à ces expériences et aboutit à l'établissement de modèles mathématiques du coefficient de diffusion. Les paramètres intervenant dans ces nouveaux modèles sont identifiés grâce à l'utilisation de l'optimisation par les algorithmes génétiques et leur dépendance par rapport. à la. Concentration initiale en colorant et la température est établie
Mailler, Philippe. "Rhéologie des membranes composites souples orthotropes sous chargement multi-axial." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10143.
Full textKamdem, Signe Christian. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement mécanique des structures tissées aux températures cryogéniques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I063/document.
Full textThe exploitation and use of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is growing worldwide, resulting in a booming market with many LNG terminal installation projects. These liquefied natural gas installations, which operate at very low temperatures (~ -160 ° C) to facilitate its transport, however require continuous maintenance without cutting the supply valves upstream or downstream. This study is a part of a global project funded by the government named CRYOBTURE which aims to design and develop a new solution of inflatable shutter to facilitate the maintenance of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) pipeline facilities. This solution would be obtained from a sealing balloon formed of several layers coated textile composite materials capable of obstructing the flow of LNG. Th question is therefore to find the ideal composition and combination of these woven structures which must have optimum mechanical properties and in adequacy with the operating conditions, in particular in terms of breaking strength and deformability. At first, the mechanical behavior in tension of certain synthetic textile fibers was investigated under cryogenic temperatures. The analysis of the obtained results made possible to discriminate some of them with regard to their mechanical properties and thus to make choices that were exploited for the elaboration of the woven structures. From there, we have been able to characterize the tensile mechanical behavior at cryogenic temperatures of some coated woven structures obtained from the previous fibers. The analysis of the various results allows us to consider several architectures for designing the shutter and thus to propose choices on the woven structures for each of the composite layers of the LNG shutter. These structures generally exhibit nonlinear orthotropic behavior. Modeling such behavior requires the use of specific models such as Fung's. We were able to numerically simulate the mechanical and thermal behavior (decoupled) of the shutter in an LNG environment.The results of this project have shown a number of limitations but open up prospects in terms of transfer to other application sectors requiring flexible supports subjected to cryogenic temperatures
Abd, Jelil Radhia. "Modélisation de la relation entre les paramètres du procédé plasma et les caractéristiques de la qualité du matériau textile par apprentissage de données physiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10017/document.
Full textAtmospheric plasma treatment seems to be a good way to treat quickly, cheaply and ecologically textile material surfaces. Despite these advantages, it is extremely difficult to understand the complex non-linear relationship between the plasma processing parameters and the final properties of materials. Therefore, the study and optimization of such process must be based on an exploitation of intelligent techniques such as fuzzy logic and neural networks. In a first part, the impact of atmospheric air Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma treatment is studied on different types of polyester and viscose woven fabrics. In order to get a better understanding on how the structure of woven fabrics influence on the results of the plasma treatment, a selection of the most relevant parameters was carried out by using a fuzzy logic based sensitivity variation criterion. This work shows that that the electric power, the treatment speed, the composition, the fibers fineness, the air permeability, the weave construction and the summit density have an influence on the wettability and the capillarity of fabrics. Lastly, a neural network approach was developed to predict the relationship between the selected input parameters and the fabric hydrophilic properties. Very satisfactory results were obtained and show a good capacity of generalization. Moreover, a quantitative analysis based on the weights of connections was conducted to analyze the relative importance of the input parameters. The results of this analysis are coherent with those obtained by using the fuzzy logic based sensitivity variation criterion. Thus, this finding confirms, on the one hand, the influence of the selected parameters and, on the other hand, it shows the efficiency of neural networks
Louwsma, Jeroen. "Synthesis and investigation of oligomers based on phenylalanine as interfacial agents in fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composite materials." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF047.
Full textThe development of interfacial agents for fibre-reinforced composite materials is needed to obtain performant materials especially for the automotive industry. The project focused on the synthesis of sequence-controlled oligomers prepared by solid phase synthesis using amidation and copper-assisted alkyne-azide cycloaddition reactions to introduce precisely phenylalanine and aliphatic building blocks. These oligomers were evaluated as potential interfacial agents for Kevlar fibre-reinforced polypropylene composite materials. Their ability to adsorb on the fibres was investigated qualitatively by scanning electron microscopy and quantitatively by gravimetric analysis. Some preliminary experiments on the Kevlar fibres treated with some of the synthesised oligomers in a polypropylene matrix were conducted to estimate their potential use in composite materials
Agnhage, Tove. "Eco-designed functionalization of polyester fabric." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12408.
Full textLe secteur de la teinture et de l’ennoblissement textile est de plus en plus conscient de son impact sur l’environnement dû principalement à la consommation élevée de l’eau et à sa pollution, et aux pertes d’énergie. Pour réduire ces impacts, les chercheurs proposent l’utilisation de molécules issues de ressources naturelles, pour traiter les textiles en limitant les impacts sur l’environnement. C’est le cas pour l’obtention de textiles colorés ou pour l’attribution de toute autre fonctionnalité. Cependant, il n’est pas évident que ces molécules bio-sourcées n’aient aucun impact sur l’environnement. On comprend l’importance d’évaluer les impacts de leur utilisation et d’améliorer leur profil environnemental. Or ce type d’étude est peu présent dans la littérature. La recherche présentée dans cette thèse comporte l’évaluation des impacts environnementaux en utilisant l’outil d’analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) pour la conception du traitement d’un tissu de polyester (PET) multifonctionnel avec des anthraquinones naturelles. La méthodologie d’éco conception que nous avons appliquée ouvre la voie à une bio-fonctionnalisation des textiles plus respectueuse de l’environnement. Les anthraquinones ont été obtenues par extraction des racines de plantes de garance et constituent le colorant appelé garance. Les trois questions principales abordées lors de ce travail de recherche sont formulées autour de l’utilisation de la garance : (I) Peut-on traiter les tissus de PET avec de la garance pour obtenir des propriétés multifonctionnelles ? (II) Quel est le profil environnemental du procédé de teinture du PET par la garance et comment l’améliorer ? (III) Quels sont les principaux challenges pour l’utilisation de l’ACV dans l’évaluation environnementale du traitement des textiles par des colorants naturels? Nous avons montré que la garance peut être utilisée pour conférer des propriétés multifonctionnelles au PET. Ensuite, nous avons pu orienter notre étude pour améliorer la durabilité des traitements par les procédés de fonctionnalisation à la fois par épuisement ou par foulardage. En s’appuyant sur l’ACV, l’optimisation de la teinture que nous avons réalisée réduit tous les impacts sur l’environnement. Cette étude nous permet d’identifier les challenges qui doivent être surmontés pour que l’ACV puisse contribuer à l’utilisation de bio-molécules pour la teinture des textiles dans le respect des principes de développement durable. Ils concernent le manque de données pour ces travaux de recherche et leur nature interdisciplinaire. Ainsi, en résolvant ces questions, on peut envisager aboutir à une bio- fonctionnalisation des textiles respectueuse de l’environnement.
Den höga miljöpåverkan från textilfärgning och efterbehandling, på grund av hög vattenförbrukning, dess förorening, och ineffektiv användning av energi, är idag välkänt. För att minska miljöpåverkan föreslår forskningsvärlden användning av färgämnen från naturliga resurser. Syftet med att använda dessa är att ge nya attribut till textilier utan att göra avkall på miljömässig hållbarhet. Attribut som ges kan vara färg och/eller andra egenskaper. En nackdel är dock att användningen av bio-baserade färgämnen är inte fri från att belasta miljön. Det blir därför av största betydelse att bedöma denna miljöpåverkan och förbättra miljöprofilen. Sådana studier är dock i allmänhet sällsynta. Studien som presenteras i denna avhandling har inkluderat miljöpåverkans- bedömning, med hjälp av livscykelanalys (LCA), i designprocessen av en multifunktionell polyester (PET) väv via naturliga antrakinoner. Genom att göra så har ett eko-design tillvägagångssätt använts, med avsikt att bana väg för miljömässigt hållbar bio-funktionalisering av textil. Antrakinonerna erhölls från rot extrakt av växten krapp (Rubia tinctorum L.), och hänvisas till som krapp färgämne. Frågeställningar var därför formulerade relaterat till användningen av krapp färgämne. Tre forskningsfrågor har besvarats: (I) Kan krapp färgämne verka multifunktionellt på en PET väv? (II) Hur ser miljöprofilen ut, från färgningsprocessen av PET med krapp färgämne, och hur kan den förbättras? (III) Vilka är de största utmaningarna med att använda LCA för att bedöma miljökonsekvenserna av textilfärgning med växtbaserade färgämnen? Det kan konkluderas att det finns potential för krapp färgämne att verka multifunktionellt på PET. Baserat på uppmuntrande resultat är en rekommendation för det framtida arbetet att fokusera på kvalitén hos de attribut som presenterats och deras förbättringspotential, både i färgning via färgbad och via foulard. LCA driven processoptimering av textilfärgningen förbättrade i varje miljöpåverkans- kategori som studerats. Emellertid har flera utmaningar identifierats som måste övervinnas för att LCA skall kunna bidra till en hållbar användning av multifunktionella växtbaserade färgämnen för textil. De största utmaningarna är bristen på tillgängliga data i forskningsstadiet och den tvärvetenskapliga forskningsarenan. Det är tänkt att om dessa utmaningar bemästras kan LCA bidra till en hållbar bio-funktionalisering av textil.
Disputationen kan följas via länk i sal U401b, Textilhögskolan, Högskolan i Borås
Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate program: Sustainable Management and Design for Textiles
Audibert, Clément. "Contribution à la caractérisation des mécanismes dissipatifs sous sollicitation d'impact de structures composites sandwichs intégrant des fibres naturelles. Proposition d'une zone d'absorption pour siège pilote." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0030/document.
Full textThis work is part of the problem of mass reduction, safety inherent in the aeronautical field, it concerns more specifically the seats of pilots of airliner. A new multi-functional sandwich composite seat pan is proposed, composed by a carbon skin, a Nomex honeycomb core and a Kevlar/flax hybrid skin. The assembly of several materials generates complex behaviors and makes the ruin of the structure difficult to predict. An experimental/numerical approach is used to understand the damage mechanism of the seat and to create a pre-dimensioning numerical tool.Firstly, characterization tests allow identifying the mechanical behaviors of each material and constituting a database for the creation of material laws. The hybrid composite shows an elastoplastic-damaging-anisotropic behavior. The honeycomb is represented by a spring network and a law coupling the compression and shear behavior is implemented. Impact tests are used to evaluate the failure modes and the energy dissipated by the different concepts. The impact tests are correlates by numerical simulation using the identified material behaviors. The analysis of the experimental and numerical results makes it possible to identify the coupling between the different mechanisms. Finally, the model is used to design a new composite seat pan. This one is comparable to the existing aluminum seat pan without optimization phase
Desbrosses, Mickaël. "Contribution de la Spectrométrie de Masse d’Ions Secondaires à Temps de Vol au développement de textiles industriels fonctionnels impliquant des agents actifs cosmétiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1117.
Full textTime-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) allows the characterization of the outermost surface with high sensitivity by mass detection of atomic and molecular secondary ions. The objective of this work was to study its application in the context of the analysis of industrial textiles on which dermatological properties are given (cosmetotextiles). Three analytical approaches based on the specific properties of the active agents and technologies are presented. They required peculiar developments of methods (preliminary study, calibration, data processing and interpretation ...) and to consider the possibilities and limitations of the technique or the equipment in the particular context of these textile fibers analysis (topography, localized charge effect, contamination, complex formulations, segregation and concentration of some components from the treatments at the outermost surface ...).In the first approach, ToF-SIMS chemical mapping was used to successfully illustrate an active agent concentration gradient close to the outermost surface of polyamide matrices. The ability to identify the characteristic signatures of active agents and to validate their presence at the surface of textile samples was confirmed in most cases. However, signatures different from those from the active agent were needed to validate the treatment in the case of textiles treated by co-precipitation. Finally, a gentle sputtering protocol was tested to address the particular issue of industrial textiles covered with silicone based textile finishing
Yan, Xiang. "Design of biphasic polymeric fiber from melt-spinning charged with nanoparticles : effects of the formulation and the fillers localization, to obtain a functionalized fiber at surface level." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I084.
Full textThe work aims to make the functional porous polypropylene (PP) fibers as well as PP microfibers, by the melt spinning of PP-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blends followed with the selective phase extraction of PVA. The objective is to first find out the optimal ratio of PP and PVA for fabrication of multifilament yarns by melt spinning, and to localize the filler at the biphasic interface. The fillers include not only the homogenously modified silica nanoparticles, but also the kaolinite Janus particles. The concomitant morphology evolution of the extrudates and fibers were observed. The work mainly discusses about the fabrication of porous fibers, but also makes an exploratory experiment to reverse the ratio to fabricate the microfibers. It was found that the ratio of two polymers as 70 wt.%/30 wt.% is an ideal formula for fabricating the porous fibers. Both of the two fillers are successfully tailored at the biphasic interface. The localization of silica nanoparticles within the biphasic can be fixed by the thermodynamic control, and one of the sorts has been dominantly localized at the biphasic interface. In addition, the Janus particles provide an alternative way to have the interface localization, which even helps the mechanical enhancement. The feasibility of microfiber production with the embedment of the fillers was also demonstrated