Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fibrose pulmonar idiopática : Reabilitação'
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Florian, Juliessa. "Efeitos da reabilitação pulmonar em pacientes em lista de espera com fibrose pulmonar idiopática na sobrevida após transplante de pulmão." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179024.
Full textIntroduction: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial disease, but it can progress rapidly. Its prevalence varies from 14 to 42 cases per 100,000 in the general population. The mean survival of the affected individuals is between 2 and 5 years, from the time of diagnosis. IPF is characterized by progressive, cough, dyspnea, hypoxemia, exercise intolerance and worsening of quality of life (QOL). Pulmonary transplantation (LTx) is currently the best therapeutics option for patients with advanced IPF. Pulmonary rehabilitation (RP) is an adjunct, evidence-based and multidisciplinary care for patients with pulmonary disease, which is extensive to those on the LTx waiting list. Objective: the present study was to evaluated the effects of RP in patients with IPF on the waiting list for LTx survival, were also analyzed secondarily time of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), time in the intensive care unit (ICU) and total time of hospitalization. Methods: an observational study of 89 patients with IPF on the LTx - 53 controls and 32 patients who underwent a pre - transplantation RP program of at least 36 sessions with multidisciplinary follow - up and counseling. IMV time was considered in hours, and time of ICU and hospital stay in days. Mortality in the ICU was analyzed in the 1st year, 5th year, and in the total survival up to the 8th year. Results: compared with controls, patients who underwent RP showed a shorter VMI time after the first 24 hours (p = 0.001), shorter ICU times in days (p = 0.004), and hospitalization (p = 0.046), as well as lower ICU mortality (p = 0.006), up to the 5th year (p <0.001) and 8 years (p <0.001). In the RP group, 54.0% (HR = 0.464, 95% CI: 0.222-0.970, p = 0.041) had a lower risk of death in relation to the control, and also that patients in IMV, for more than 24 hours, risk of death, 88.0% (HR = 1.881, 95% CI: 1.009-5.308, p = 0.047). In a subanalysis, from the QoL - SF36 questionnaire, patients who underwent PR showed improvement in the overall comparison between all the 13 evaluated periods (p <0.05), in all domains, with the exception of mental health. Conclusion: RP for patients with FPI candidates improved LTx, reduced chances of death in the ICU, and increased the chances of survival after transplantation.
Fontoura, Fabrício Farias da. "Impacto de um programa de reabilitação pulmonar sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e a capacidade funcional em indivíduos portadores de fibrose pulmonar idiopática." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/142897.
Full textIntroduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease with severe symptoms of progressive dyspnea, resulting in decreased exercise capacity, negatively impacting the health-related quality of life (HRQL). Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves functional capacity (FC) with reduction in symptoms, but in advanced IPF, its effects and magnitudes are unknown. Objective: To evaluate the impact of PR and in HRQL and in FC of patients with IPF. Methods: Coorte study with a retrospective review of data from 56 medical records of patients on lung transplant list diagnosed with IPF according to the American Toracic Society 2011 consensus, submitted to 12 weeks (36 sessions) of outpatient RP between January 2008 and October 2012. The FC and the HRQL were assessed through a six-minute walk test (6MWT) and the 36-item short-form survey (SF36) respectively before and immediately after PR. Results: Twenty-seven patients were included in the study, 16 (61%) male with a mean age of 53 ± 13 years. Eighteen patients (68%) had histologic diagnosis by lung biopsy compatible with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), with median time from diagnosis of 3 ± 1.7 years. Regarding the classification of the dyspnea in the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale, 59% of patients were classified between 3-4. There was a significant increase in the distance covered from 393 ± 88 meters to 453 ± 90 meters (p <0.001). The baseline medians of dyspnea had a significant decrease (p = 0.01) in the mMRC scale from 2 (CI 95%: 1-4) to 1 (CI 95%: 1-4) and the median decreased from 5 (Min/Max: 1-10) to 3 (Min/Max :0-10) in the Borg dyspnea index at the end of the 6MWT. Although the patients walked greater distances, they had less fatigue in the legs, with a median decrease from 2 (Min/Max: 0-10) to 1 (Min/Max: 0-9) (p = 0.02). There was an increase in 5 of the 8 domains, but only the functional capacity was significant: from 26 (CI95%: 19-33) to 37 (CI95%: 27-48) (p <0.05), while the remaining areas were not statistically significant. Conclusion: We observed increases of FC in these patients, with decreased symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue; which were not reflected in clinical improvement in HRQL of patients with IPF on lung transplant list after a PR program.
Marques, Renata Diniz. "Avaliação funcional pulmonar em pacientes com fibrose pulmonar idiopática submetidos a transplante pulmonar." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26937.
Full textBackground: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive and fatal disease that affects the lungs evolving to respiratory failure in its advanced phase. This condition has a poor prognosis and the average survival time is around 3 to 4 years according to the disease stage at diagnosis, histopathology features and treatment response. Lung transplantation has been an alternative treatment for selected patients with advanced disease, yelding a better survival compared to patients on clinical management, which have a higher mortality rate. Pulmonary function tests are the best tool used to assess severity and progression of disease in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Symptomatic patients who do not respond to initial therapy with corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents should be evaluated for lung transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate basal lung function (FEV1, FVC, DLCO, TLC) and its outcome after transplantation. We also assessed the survival of these patients and its association with a reduction in lung function over time. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 33 patients with IPF amongst the 176 patients submitted to lung transplantation between 1990 and 2004 and survived for more than 30 days. Serial resting lung function assessments were regularly conducted after the procedure. Results: There was significant improvement in FEV1, FVC, TLC and DLCO. The mean values of lung function pre and post transplant were: FVC 36% vs. 50%, FEV1 44% vs. 57%, TLC 45% vs. 51%, DLCO 27% x 40% (p< 0,05). The median survival in 1 year was 74%, 61% in 2 years, 47% in 3 years and 35% in 5 years. Conclusion: Lung transplantation for patients with advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an effective treatment modality that improves both lung function and survival. The gain in lung function appears to remain stable in the follow up after transplantation.
Fegyveres, Renata Areza. "Perfil de alterações cognitivas em pacientes com fibrose pulmonar idiopática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-22022010-162759/.
Full textBackground: Lung disease with hypoxaemia as chronic pulmonary obstructive disease may be associated with cognitive impairment caused by continuous fall in oxygen saturation. Objective: 1) to identity if there is cognitive impairment in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; 2) if present, to evaluate the neuropsychological profile of these alterations and 3) to verify if there is correlation of disease severity and cognitive performance. Methods: Twenty-one patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were selected from the Interstitial Lung disease Out-patient Clinic and were submitted throughout conventional neurological exam, blood lab, neuroimaging, broad neuropsychological and lung function evaluation. The control group consisted of twenty non-demented healthy subjects paired by gender, age, schooling and socio-economic level. Results: The Mini-mental state examination, Semantic verbal fluency (fruit category), learning item of the Brief Cognitive Battery, Digit symbol test and Trail making part B results were different between both groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that patients with IPF performed worse in tests of executive functions and mental speed, which is congruent with the hypotheses of encephalopathy of subcortical type similar to the one found in patients with other lung hypoxaemic disease. These results should be confirmed with more accurate reaction time tests
Bandeira, Cristiane Dupont. "Prevalência de refluxo gastroesofágico em pacientes com fibrose pulmonar idiopática." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/69647.
Full textIntroduction: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is an idiopathic interstitial pneumonia characterized by progressive dyspnea, restrictive disorder in spirometry and subpleural reticular infiltrate on high resolution computerized tomography scan of the chest , which is the histological pattern of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia in the lung biopsy. The disease course is progressive, and insofar the available medical therapy has been unable to change the progression of the disease. The etiology of IPF is unknown, and among the several risk factors, chronic aspiration secondary to gastroesophageal reflux has been investigated, since recent studies have shown high prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in these patients. Objectives: To evaluate prospectively the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with IPF and its clinical presentation as well as the patterns of reflux and esophageal motility found in 24 hour esophageal pHstudy and manometry in this population. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 28 patients referred to the service of pulmonology diagnosed with IPF. Patients were submited to esophageal stationary manometry and 24 hours pH study, and the Survey of Symptoms and Quality of Life in GERD, translated and validated at Brazil. Pulmonary function tests were evaluated. Results: Of the 28 patients evaluated, the average age was 64.5 years, 53.6% were male, and the average time of symptoms was 3 years old. Most patients were ex-smokers (57.1%), with a mean BMI of 28.6 kg / m2. The average of FVC found was 66.6%, TLC was 64.9%, and DLCO was 44.5% of predicted. The prevalence of abnormal acid gastroesophageal reflux pathological found was 35.7%. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to pHstudy findings: group A (GERD+, N=10) and group B (GERD-, N=18 ). In patients in group A, 77,7% had at least one typical symptom of reflux. Reflux in supine position occurred in 8 (80,0%) patients, and 50,0% of them had reflux exclusively in the supine position. Hypotonic lower esophageal sphincter, hypomotility of the esophagus was found in 5 (50,0%) and 7 (70,0%), respectively, of patients in group A, in 7 (38.8%) and 10 (55 %) of patients in group B. There was no statistical difference between demographic, clinical presentation, lung function tests and manometry between groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux is higher among IPF patients than in general population, but clinical characteristics did not differ beween patients with and without reflux. Nevertheless, these findings suggest the need for future studies access if the clinical treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux changes the natural history of the IPF.
David, Yonara Rivelle Neves. "Quantificação das alterações vasculares pulmonares na fibrose pulmonar idiopática e suas implicações prognósticas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-20022009-142127/.
Full textThe Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF/UIP), a chronic fibroproliferative disease, is characterized by a process of impaired wound healing with extracellular matrix deposition. In this context, the importance of the vascular alterations in the evolution of IPF/UIP remains controversial. The present study aims to quantify the histopatological alterations in the pulmonary macro and microcirculation in IPF/UIP and their prognostic value. Pulmonary biopsies and the survival of 36 patients with IPF/UIP were evaluated retrospectivately. In the pulmonary biopsy, the parenchyma remodeling was analyzed through the quantification of the fibrogenic activity level (minimal, moderate and severe). The quantification of the vascular alterations was done isolately in the normal, alveolar collapsed and mural-organizing fibrosing areas. The macrocirculation was studied through the semiquantitative analysis of pre acinar artery, according to the degree of vascular lesion, occlusion and thickness of the vessel wall, and quantification of vascular collagen and elastic deposition. Microcirculation analysis was performed measuring capillary density (CD34), and endothelial dysfunction (VCAM1, ICAM1, E-Selectina). The biopsies of 5 normal lungs were used as control. Macrocirculation analysis showed that degree of fibrogenic activity directly correlated with: degree of vascular lesion (p=0,007), thickness of vessel wall (p<0,05) and quantification of vascular collagen (p<0,001) and elastic fibers (p=0,002). Regarding microcirculation, the capillary vascular density (CD34) in normal (p<0,001) and alveolar collapsed (p<0,01) areas were higher than control group. Patients with minimal (p=0,2) and moderate (p=0,08) fibrogenic activity had a tendency to higher vascular density in normal areas compared to patients with severe fibrogenic activity. The endothelial dysfunction (VCAM1, ICAM1, E-selectina) was more intense in patients with IPF/PIU than normal controls (p<0,05), and it occurred, mainly, in mural-organizing fibrosing areas. In normal areas, endothelial dysfunction (VCAM1+) correlated with the degree of fibrogenic activity (p=0,01). Shorter survival correlated with collagen and elastic fibers deposition in wall vessels (p=0,04; p=0,03 Test Log Rank) and endothelial dysfunction (VCAM1+) in mural-organizing fibrosing areas (p=0,027), while microvascular density in non-fibrotic areas was related to longer survival (p=0,04). We observed the presence of vascular remodeling in pulmonary macro and microcirculation of IPF patients, which occurs in a heterogeneous and parallel way with parenchyma remodeling. These alterations were related to survival, enabling us to formulate a hypothesis of the participation of vascular events on IPF pathogenesis
Moderno, Eliana Vieira. "Efeito da ventilação assistida proporcional na capacidade ao exercício em pacientes com fibrose pulmonar idiopática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5163/tde-01062007-130618/.
Full textThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ventilatory support using proportional assist ventilation (PAV) on exercise capacity in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Ten patients were submitted to a cardiopulmonary exercise testing, lung function and 3 submaximal exercise tests (60% of maximum load): without ventilatory support, with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and PAV. Exercise capacity, cardiovascular and ventilatory adaptations and subjective perception to effort in lower limb and respiratory breathing were evaluated. Lactate plasmatic levels were obtained before and after submaximal exercise. Our results show that submaximal exercise capacity duration was increased with PAV compared with CPAP and without ventilatory support. (respectively, 11.10±8.88 min, 5.60±4.74 e 4.50±3.84 min). Ventilatory support with PAV lead to a lower cardiovascular demand such as double product and heart rate decreased. An improved arterial oxygenation and lower subjective perception to effort was also observed in patients with IPF when exercise was performed with PAV. Our results suggest that ventilatory support with PAV can increase exercise tolerance and decrease dyspnea in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Goncalves, Jose Julio Saraiva [UNIFESP]. "Avaliação semiquantitativa por escore histopatológico de biópsias pulmonares cirúrgicas em pacientes com fibrose pulmonar idiopática." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/23873.
Full textObjetivo: Analisar as diferenças histopatológicas entre os lobos pulmonares submetidos a biópsia cirúrgica de pacientes com fibrose pulmonar idiopática. Métodos: Foram incluídos 16 pacientes com resultados de biópsias concordantes de dois sítios pulmonares, o lobo médio ou o segmento lingular. Técnicas semiquantitativas foram utilizadas na avaliação histológica pulmonar, aplicando-se um escore com base nas alterações encontradas no padrão histológico de pneumonia intersticial usual (PIU). Resultados: Encontrou-se maior incidência de foco fibroblástico em lobo inferior esquerdo e maior volume médio dos fragmentos pulmonares originários do lobo médio. Nenhuma diferença significante, que viesse a mudar o estadiamento da doença, e independentemente do local de origem da biópsia, foi encontrada. Conclusão: Não há dados que fundamentem a rejeição ao uso dos lobos médios e segmentos lingulares na investigação histológica de doenças intersticiais, em especial a fibrose pulmonar idiopática..
Objective: To analyze the histopathology differences between the pulmonary lobes submitted to surgical biopsy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: Sixteen patients with usual interstitial pneumonia and concordant biopsies of two distinct lobes (the middle lobe or the lingula) were included in this study. Semiquantitative techniques were used in the histological evaluation of fragments of different lobes of the lung. A score was applied for the evaluation of usual interstitial pneumonia. Results: A greater incidence of fibroblastic foci was found in the left inferior lobe, and a greater mean volume of pulmonary fragments was obtained from the middle lobe. No significant difference was found in variables related to disease staging, no matter what was the pulmonary lobe. Conclusion: There is no reason to despise the middle lobe and the lingula in the histopathological investigation of interstitial diseases of the lung, especially the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Stephan, Samia [UNIFESP]. "Teste do degrau de 4 minuto: relação entre dessaturação do oxigênio e sobrevida na fibrose pulmonar idiopática." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2007. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/24451.
Full textO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de a dessaturação do oxigênio ao final do teste do degrau de 4 minutos predizer a sobrevida nos pacientes com fibrose pulmonar idiopática (FPI). Foram avaliados 59 pacientes de dois centros especializados em doenças intersticiais pulmonares (DIP) com média de idade de 67 anos, em estudo observacional longitudinal. O diagnóstico de FPI foi baseado em biópsia pulmonar cirúrgica (n=17) ou em critérios clínico-tomográficos (n=42). Foram analisadas as correlações entre a sobrevida e SpO2 em repouso, a SpO2 ao final do teste do degrau de 4 minutos, o índice basal de dispnéia e, porcentagens do predito da capacidade vital forçada (CVF) e porcentagens do predito da difusão de monóxido de carbono (DCO). Todos se apresentaram como importantes preditores de mortalidade. A dessaturação igual ou inferior a 89 por cento apresentou risco relativo de 2,39 para a mortalidade na FPI (CI 95 por cento,1,16-3,63;p<0,0001). Em pacientes com tal dessaturação, a sobrevida de 4 anos foi de 39 por cento, comparado com 96 por cento daqueles em que não houve dessaturação. A DCO<45 por cento do predito apresentou um risco relativo de 2,23 (CI 95 por cento,0,73-3,71; p<0,0001). Em uma análise multivariada de Cox, somente a SpO2 ao final do teste do degrau de 4 minutos permaneceu estatisticamente significante (p<0,0001). Quando a análise foi repetida incluindo a DCO com um ponto de corte de 45 por cento (40 pacientes), tanto a SpO2 quanto a DCO se apresentaram estatisticamente significantes (p<0,05). A média de sobrevida geral foi de 58 meses (CI 95 por cento, 49-67 meses). Nessa análise, tabagismo, estertores e baqueteamento digital não demonstraram correlação com a sobrevida. Concluindo, a dessaturação de oxigênio igual ou inferior a 89 por cento ao final do teste do degrau de 4 minutos é um forte preditor de mortalidade nos pacientes com fibrose pulmonar idiopática.
The aim of this study was to assess the value of measuring oxygen desaturation for predicting survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. A total of 59 patients from two outpatient clinics specializing in interstitial lung diseases (ILD) with mean age of 67 years were analyzed on a longitudinal observational study. The diagnosis of IPF was based on surgical lung biopsy (n=17) or on clinical and tomographic data (n=42). We performed correlations between SpO2 on rest and after the 4-minute step test, dyspnea score (Mahler Dyspnea Index), as well as percent of predicted forced vital capacity (% CVF) and percent of predicted diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (%DLCO) with the survival of these patients. All of them were found to be significant predictors of mortality. Desaturation to 89% or less correlated with a hazard ratio of 2.39 for IPF mortality (95% CI,1.16-3.63;p<0.0001). In patients with such desaturation, four-year survival was39%, compared to 96% in those with no desaturation. A DLCO <45% of predicted correlated with a hazard ratio of 2.23 (95% CI, 0.73-3.71;p<0.0001).In a multivariate Cox analysis, only SpO2 during stepping remained significant (p<0.0001). When the analysis was repeated with a 45% cut-off point (40 patients) and including DLCO, both SpO2 and DLCO, remained significant (p<0.05). The overall median survival was 58 months (95% CI, 49-67 months). Smoking habit, dyspnea, fine crackles and digital clubbing do not correlated with survival. Concluding, post-step test desaturation to 89% or less is a strong predictor of mortality in IPF patients.
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Scortegagna, Daiane. "Análise da capacidade pulmonar, capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida em pacientes com Fibrose Cística trinta meses após o transplante pulmonar seguido de um programa de reabilitação cardiopulmonar." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/80070.
Full textIntroduction: Cystic Fibrosis, also known as mucoviscidosis, is a chronic autosomal recessive genetic disorder with systemic manifestations, lung transplantation being one of the alternatives for treatment when the disease is in its terminal phase. Objective: Evaluate the lung function, physical conditions and the quality of life of the cystic fibrosis patient after 30 months from the lung transplantation following a rehabilitation program of cardiopulmonary therapy. Methodology: The study of the ambispective cohort, involved eight patients with cystic fibrosis (5 women and 3 men aged 27 ± 4.6 years) for the period from December 2006 to December 2010, two patients died during the study. Analysis was made of the Six Minutes Walk Test (6MWT), lung function and the SF-36 questionnaire for the pre-transplant, immediately post- transplant, post cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and 30 months after the transplant. Results: The waiting list was 883±571 days, hospitalization time totalled 30.14 ±12.6 days. The patients showed, on average, a pretransplant VEF1 25.1% and CVF 38.4%, immediately posttransplant VEF1 66.6% and CVF 54.6%, post cardiopulmonary rehabilitation VEF1 60.8% and CVF 65.2% end 30 months post-transplant VEF1 66.6% and CVF 67.2%. In the TC6M, the average distance done before the transplant was 488 meters, immediately post-transplant it was 510 meters, post cardiopulmonary rehabilitation it was 603 meters and 30 months after transplant it was 462 meters. The quality of life of the patients showed improvement from the moment of leaving the hospital and after rehabilitation but did deteriorate in some domains after 30 months from the transplant. Conclusion: The lung transplantation continues to be a high risk procedure, however it still is a therapeutic strategy available to patients with cystic fibrosis at the advance stage of the disease. The findings of the study suggest there is a positive trend in the short term functional capacity and quality of life in the medium term however perish decrease, while increasing lung function has improved in the short and medium term. Although it would require further study with a higher number of patients to affirm with confidence the benefit for the long term of lung transplants for this population.
Ferreira, Juliana Carvalho. "Avaliação da mecânica do sistema respiratório através da obtenção de curva PV em pacientes com pneumonia intersticial idiopática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-14042008-105330/.
Full textThe objective of this study was to evaluate small airways compromise in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) using pressure-volume (PV) curves of the respiratory system. We collected PV curves from twelve patients before lung biopsy, which confirmed IPF in seven patients and Hipersensitivity Pneumonia in five. All curves were fitted with a sigmoid model, V = a + b / (1 + e -(P-c/d)), and an exponential model, V = A - B . e -k.P (applied only to the superior part of the curve). The exponential model, despite having a good fit to the superior part of the curve, did not represent the initial part, and yielded parameters with no physiological meaning. The sigmoid model had a good fit to the entire curve and yielded parameters with physiological meaning, suggesting the presence of small airways collapse in IPF.
Alexandre, André Filipe Macedo. "Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/8338.
Full textBackground Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown cause. It mainly affects males, older than 50 years and with smoking history.1 The main presenting symptoms are dyspnea and dry cough.2 Despite being a rare disease, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, being irreversible and almost always fatal.1 It is characterized by a median survival of 2-3 years after diagnosis, having a worse prognosis than many cancers.1 Only lung and pancreatic cancer have a worse 5-year survival rate than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.3 Until recently, supportive care and lung transplantation in selected cases have been considered the only available therapeutic strategies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.4 However, in the last years, two new drugs with antifibrotic properties (pirfenidone and nintedanib) have been approved.4 Therefore, by slowing the progression of pulmonary fibrosis, these two drugs came to expand and modify the therapeutic approach to this devastating disease. Goals - Establish the most appropriate therapeutic approach for a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis nowadays; - Define the mode of action of the new antifibrotic drugs; - Indicate how to use/what dosage of the new drugs; - Define the most common adverse effects, as well as the prevention/management of these adverse effects; - Objectify the indications of the new drugs; - Define the most suitable antifibrotic drug for each patient; - Answer the question whether combination therapy will be better than monotherapy; - Define the required criteria for lung transplantation; - Indicate other recommended therapeutic strategies for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Methods For the accomplishment of this monograph, a systematic analysis of a set of original and review articles published in the online platform PubMed was carried out. The search terms were: “management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis”; “idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treatment”; “idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pirfenidone”; “idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis nintedanib”; “lung transplantation idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis”. The limitations imposed in the bibliographic research were “free full text” and “last 10 years”, which included free articles from the year 2006 to December 2016. Then, all papers whose titles were related somehow with the goals of this study were selected for analysis. Computer research was further supplemented by manual research of specialty books and some references of the first selected papers. Conclusions There is no curative therapy for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). The goals of the current approach are to alleviate symptoms, improve exercise capacity and delay the decline of lung function.5 With the two new antifibrotic drugs now available for treatment, it is very important to perform an accurate diagnosis.6 When there is no clear diagnosis even after the discussion of the multidisciplinary team experienced in interstitial pneumonias, it is better to classify and to approach the disease according to its behavior over time.6 Both pirfenidone and nintedanib can significantly delay the progression of the disease. However, it is noteworthy that neither pirfenidone nor nintedanib is a miracle treatment, and they do not allow healing, so that, in the 2015 update of the Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Guidelines for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), both only received a “conditional recommendation” for its use.7 In summary, these new drugs are not expected to return lung tissue to normal. However, antifibrotic agents can modify the natural course of the disease, so patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) should receive an antifibrotic drug as soon as possible, aiming to preserve lung function and to prolong survival.8, 9 On the other hand, the disadvantage of the adverse effects inherent to this therapy must be considered. Lung transplantation remains a therapeutic option for patients who have failed to respond to drug therapy and therefore progress to advanced lung disease.10 The therapeutic approach for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) cannot be restrained to the administration of antifibrotic drugs or lung transplantation, thus it should also consider a wide range of measures and actions that support and improve the quality of life of these patients.4
Rodrigues, Élio Jorge Alves. "O transplante pulmonar na fibrose pulmonar idiopática." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/19494.
Full textIntroduction The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias are a group of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases that comprise seven different disorders. Among them, the idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IPF) is the most frequently described. The IPF is a form of chronic interstitial pneumonia limited to the lung and associated with the histological appearance of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) on surgical lung biopsy. It is a increasingly common disease and it has a poor prognosis, with a mean survival time between two and four years. Objectives To evaluate the currently available treatment options, comparing the results obtained by the medical treatment with the outcomes of lung transplantation. Discussion The currently available medical treatment is focused on the inflammation that is thought to lead to progressive fibrosis of the lung. Until now, several studies prove that this treatment option is unable to halt the progression of the disease. Still, it is internationally recommended the association between prednisone, azatioprine and N-acetilcistein. This association is the one which has obtained the best clinical results. It is, however, necessary an evaluation of the true efficacy of such association in randomized controlled trials. Palliative care includes supplemental oxygen therapy and the management of pain, cough and other respiratory symptoms. At this time, IPF is the second most common diagnosis for which lung transplant is performed. Patients with a clinical and radiological diagnosis of IPF or a histological diagnosis of UIP should be referred to transplantation. Those with a DLCO below 40% predicted should be considered to immediate transplantation. The complications of the procedure include reperfusion pulmonary oedema, infection and, later on, bronchiolitis obriterans syndrome. Conclusions Until now, no drug or combination of drugs has shown significative efficacy in IPF management. Regardless of the risks of the procedure and the immunossupression, lung transplant is the only treatment option which increases patient’s survival time and its quality of life.
Figueiredo, Alfredo José de Pinho. "Fibrose pulmonar idiopática : novos conceitos." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/79361.
Full textINTRODUÇÃO A Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática é uma doença crónica e de agravamento progressivo de elevada mortalidade que leva à perda de autonomia funcional, deterioração da função respiratória e diminuição significativa de qualidade de vida, com elevados custos sócio-económicos. Não existe actualmente tratamento médico capaz de reverter ou atrasar a sua evolução de forma satisfatória. Os últimos anos têm sido prolíficos em estudos sobre a fisiopatologia da doença, ainda desconhecida, que abriram novos caminhos para a abordagem aos doentes. OBJECTIVOS Este trabalho propõe-se apresentar os mais recentes contributos para a compreensão dos mecanismos subjacentes à doença, bem como descrever as modalidades de tratamento disponíveis para os doentes com Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática. DESENVOLVIMENTO O paradigma de doença inflamatória crónica com fibrose subsequente como foi conhecida durante muitos anos deu lugar ao que hoje se considera ser uma doença de base essencialmente fibrótica em que há maior ou menor predisposição genética, tendo sido identificadas mutações que podem ser determinantes para o desenvolvimento da Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática. Será a combinação dessa susceptibilidade com a exposição a factores agressores ambientais que desencadeará a fibrogénese pulmonar. A compreensão deste complexo processo é a base da criação de novos métodos terapêuticos que prometem substituir os corticosteróides como a primeira linha de fármacos para o tratamento destes doentes. CONCLUSÕES Sabe-se hoje que a Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática é uma doença de causa multifactorial em que a terapêutica ideal deve ser dirigida ao bloqueio simultâneo das múltiplas vias de fibrogénese não necessariamente precedidas por inflamação, mas apenas com um conhecimento profundo da etiopatogenia da doença será possível disponibilizar um tratamento eficaz aos doentes
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a life-threatening chronic progressive disease which clinical course is characterized by a progressive decline in exercise capacity, impairment in lung function and loss of quality of life with a high socioeconomical burden. There is currently no medical treatment capable of reversing or slowing its progression in an acceptable way. Recent research has revealed more of the molecular basis of the disease, still unknown, opening new pathways for the approach to the patients. OBJECTIVES This review aims to present the most recent discoveries on the disease pathogenesis as well as to describe the therapeutic options available to treat Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis patients. CONTENT For many years known as a chronic inflammatory disease followed by fibrosis, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis is today considered a fibrosis-based disease characterized by fibroblasts proliferation in genetically susceptible individuals, with some mutations already identified. The combination of that genetic background with multiple aggressive agents is thought to trigger the process of pulmonary fibrogenesis. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease is the key to the development of novel pharmacologic approaches which need not be directed at an inflammatory response as is the current rationale for corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis is today seen as a disease of multiple causes which must be treated by targeting multiple fibrosis cascades simultaneously, but only by uncovering the whole pathogenesis of the disease it will be possible to offer effective treatment to the patients
Gomes, Cláudia Daniela Ribeiro. "Caracterização clínica da Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/10697.
Full textIntroduction: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis is the most frequent pathology from the subgroup of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Given its variable clinical presentation and frequent association to a bad diagnosis, an analysis of the various clinical parameters becomes relevant as well a relational study between the presentation of the disease and its prognosis and evolution. Goals: This study was developed in order to correlate the clinical presentation of the disease with its prognosis and evolution in a group of patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis followed in the Consultation of Pulmonary Interstitial Diseases at Braga Hospital. Methodology: Retrospective observational study of 38 patients followed in the Consultation of Pulmonary Interstitial Diseases at Braga Hospital, from February 2011 to April 2019, diagnosed with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, defined according to ATS/ERS/ALAT/JRS of 2011 criteria, in a multidisciplinary meeting. The data was collected from the clinical processes of the system software Glintt-HS 16R1.01.64®. The SPSSv25.0 software was used for the statistical analysis of the data. Outcomes: 38 patients were included, with a median age of 70,50 years, mostly male, and the diagnosis was made within clinical context of dyspnoea and cough, with both coexisting in most of the cases. A fast evolution of the disease was observed in 15,8% (6) patients and it is associated with lower values of Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1), Diffusion Capacity of the lungs for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO), minimum oxygen saturation in the 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT), increased desaturation in 6MWT and value obtained from the GAP index. It was also associated with the occurrence of acute exacerbation, the main cause of death, with a mortality rate of 66,7% (16). Decrease in FVC, FEV1, DLCO and minimum oxygen saturation in 6MWT and an increase in desaturation in 6MWT were identified as risk factors of acute exacerbation. Antifibrotic treatment was prescribed in 50% (19) of patients. Patients with quick and slow disease progression survived 6 and 56 months, respectively. Lower values of FVC, DLCO, distance on the 6MWT and higher values in the GAP index were proved to be prognostic factors. The overall survival of the sample was 36 months. Conclusion: This study suggests a significative difference in survival between patients with fast and slow evolution of the disease, demonstrating that functional tests are the differentiating factor between the two progression phenotypes and indicating that the impairment of lung function is an important factor for the prognosis.
Pereira, Ana Sofia Mourão Bastos. "Diagnóstico e tratamento da fibrose pulmonar idiopática." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/37289.
Full textNeves, Pedro Maia Santos. "Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática: as novas abordagens terapêuticas." Dissertação, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/112048.
Full textMarçal, Mariana Ribeiro. "Abordagem do doente com fibrose pulmonar idiopática." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/43296.
Full textA fibrose pulmonar idiopática (IPF) é uma doença difusa do interstício pulmonar (DDIP) que se manifesta por fibrose progressiva e irreversível e que afeta principalmente adultos de idade avançada. Apesar dos avanços crescentes na abordagem terapêutica, o prognóstico da IPF é mau e a doença tende a evoluir inevitavelmente para falência respiratória terminal ou para outras complicações como o cancro do pulmão, com sobrevida média entre os 2 a 4 anos após o diagnóstico. Trata-se de uma patologia com etiologia desconhecida embora de provável relação com a interação entre alterações genéticas que afetam a integridade das células epiteliais alveolares, fatores ambientais e alterações que levam ao envelhecimento precoce das células. Estes doentes apresentam-se geralmente com quadros sintomáticos inespecíficos caracterizados por dispneia de esforço progressiva e tosse não produtiva. Pela baixa especificidade dos sintomas, a tomografia computorizada de alta resolução (TCAR) torna-se o método de diagnóstico central da IPF, sendo que o padrão imagiológico que melhor define esta doença é o padrão UIP (usual interstitial pneumonia). Segundo as orientações mais recentes da American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, Japanese Respiratory Society e Latin American Thoracic Society (ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT), um diagnóstico preciso requer primariamente a exclusão de outras DDIP de causa conhecida concomitantemente com a presença do padrão de UIP na TCAR ou de combinações específicas dos padrões imagiológicos encontrados na TCAR com os padrões histopatológicos em doentes submetidos a biópsia pulmonar. Em casos inconclusivos, a abordagem multidisciplinar torna-se preponderante na obtenção de um diagnóstico definitivo. Na marcha diagnóstica podem ainda ser necessários outros exames complementares (lavado broncoalveolar, serologias, testes de função respiratória) na tentativa de exclusão de outros diagnósticos ou na avaliação do prognóstico e evolução da doença. A Pirfenidona e o Nintedanib são, até o momento, os únicos fármacos aprovados e recomendados que demonstraram eficácia confirmada na redução do declínio funcional e na progressão da doença. Nos casos de doença terminal, o transplante pulmonar constitui a única terapêutica disponível capaz de melhorar a sobrevida e restaurar a função pulmonar. O algoritmo do tratamento deve ainda incluir opções não farmacológicas, como a oxigenoterapia em doentes com hipoxemia, a reabilitação respiratória e os cuidados paliativos, que apesar de não alterarem o curso da doença, conferem melhor qualidade de vida aos doentes. Inclui ainda o tratamento de comorbilidades e complicações frequentes que interferem com o prognóstico da doença, como é o caso do enfisema pulmonar, das exacerbações agudas, da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico e a síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease that mostly affects people of advanced age and is characterized by progressive and irreversible fibrosis. Despite the ever-changing updates to the therapeutic approach of IPF, its prognosis is still poor and the disease tends to inevitably evolve into terminal respiratory failure or other complications, such as lung cancer. Accordingly, the median survival time from the date of diagnosis is 2 to 4 years. Though the etiology of IPF is still unknown, it is hypothesized that the disease develops as a result of an interaction between a genetic architecture affecting epithelial cell integrity, environmental factors and accelerated ageing-associated changes. The clinical symptoms of IPF are usually nonspecific, but generally include exertional dyspnea and a non-productive cough. The low specificity of the clinical presentation gave rise to the central role that high resolution CT (HRCT) plays on the diagnosis of this pathology nowadays, with the most typical finding being the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern. According to the most recent guidelines by the American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, Japanese Respiratory Society and Latin American Thoracic Society (ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT), the diagnosis of IPF requires the exclusion of other known causes of ILD and either the presence of the HRCT patterns of UIP or specific combinations of HRCT patterns and histopathology patterns in patients subjected to lung biopsy. In cases that remain dubious, a multidisciplinary approach is preponderant in the establishment of the definitive diagnosis. The diagnostic workup might entail other tests, such as a bronchoalveolar lavage, serological screening and pulmonary function testing, so as to rule out other diagnostic hypotheses or allow a prognostic and disease progression evaluation. So far, Pirfenidone and Nintedanib are the only drugs to have shown efficacy in slowing functional decline and disease progression, granting their approval and recommendation for the treatment of IPF. When it comes to advanced stage disease, lung transplantation seems to be the only therapeutic option associated with improved survival rates and restored pulmonary function. The treatment algorithm should also comprise non-pharmacological options, such as oxygen therapy in patients with hypoxemia, pulmonary rehabilitation and palliative care, as these measures, even if not changing the clinical course of the disease, have demonstrated a beneficial effect on quality of life. The treatment of common comorbidities and complications, such as pulmonary emphysema, acute exacerbations, gastro-oesophageal reflux and obstructive sleep apnoea, should also be contemplated, as these affect the long-term prognosis.
Neves, Pedro Maia Santos. "Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática: as novas abordagens terapêuticas." Master's thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/112048.
Full textCosta, Rui Miguel Almeida Dias da. "A importância do diagnóstico na Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática." Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/128743.
Full textBACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis consists in a progressive disorder that mainly affects the pulmonary interstice of adults over 50 years old and leads to deterioration of pulmonary function and ultimately death. METHODS A search was conducted on articles and clinical trials, published between 2009 and 2020, written in Portuguese and English, about the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. RESULTS Worked by a multidisciplinary team, the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis can be made when a typical pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia is found on a high-resolution computerized tomography and all other causes of interstitial lung diseases have been excluded. The presence of subpleural basal reticular anomalies of heterogeneous distribution alongside honeycombing with or without traction bronchiectasis is the defining criteria of a usual interstitial pneumonia. As the knowledge about idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis etiopathogenesis is evolving, biomarkers are being studied in the quest to make them a successful diagnostic tool for this disease. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION An early and efficient diagnosis is crucial for the initiation of antifibrotic therapy capable of changing the course of the disease. The early beginning of therapy allows the attenuation of fibrosis and prevents the sooner worsening of lung function Therefore, it is clear that diagnosis is essential in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Costa, Rui Miguel Almeida Dias da. "A importância do diagnóstico na Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/128743.
Full textBACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis consists in a progressive disorder that mainly affects the pulmonary interstice of adults over 50 years old and leads to deterioration of pulmonary function and ultimately death. METHODS A search was conducted on articles and clinical trials, published between 2009 and 2020, written in Portuguese and English, about the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. RESULTS Worked by a multidisciplinary team, the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis can be made when a typical pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia is found on a high-resolution computerized tomography and all other causes of interstitial lung diseases have been excluded. The presence of subpleural basal reticular anomalies of heterogeneous distribution alongside honeycombing with or without traction bronchiectasis is the defining criteria of a usual interstitial pneumonia. As the knowledge about idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis etiopathogenesis is evolving, biomarkers are being studied in the quest to make them a successful diagnostic tool for this disease. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION An early and efficient diagnosis is crucial for the initiation of antifibrotic therapy capable of changing the course of the disease. The early beginning of therapy allows the attenuation of fibrosis and prevents the sooner worsening of lung function Therefore, it is clear that diagnosis is essential in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Ferreira, Brigite Margarete de Jesus. "Expressão de marcadores inflamatórios na patologia intersticial pulmonar." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/35322.
Full textconduzem ao processo de fibrose de forma a abrirmos as portas a uma actuação na fonte do problema. Muitas pesquisas têm sido feitas com este objectivo e alguns passos têm sido dados na compreensão dos mecanismos destas doenças. No âmbito desta patologia assistimos, nos últimos vinte anos, a uma vasto esforço de investigação científica que tem conduzido à compreensão das bases moleculares da doença, revelando uma variedade de excelentes novos biomarcadores biológicos que se apresentam promissores para a prática clínica quotidiana. O objectivo é primariamente a classificação, o diagnóstico diferencial e uma melhor compreensão da patogénese da patologia intersticial pulmonar. E, por continuidade, a sua aplicação na prática médica, pela capacidade destes biomarcadores para detectar a doença, avaliar o estado actual, monitorizar a sua progressão e apoiar o diagnóstico e as decisões terapêuticas. Estes biomarcadores são geralmente mediadores inflamatórios e têm vindo a ser analisados principalmente no sangue e no lavado broncoalveolar, mas também noutros fluidos e tecidos. Desta revisão, e pelos primeiros resultados do trabalho que temos em curso, concluímos que nos aproximamos da resolução do puzzle que conduzirá à compreensão dos mecanismos destas patologias e como tal biomarcadores como KL-6, SP-A, SP-D, MCP-1 e sIL-2R devem ser paralelamente explorados dado o potencial que foram revelando. E dada a complexidade da área, muito ainda ficará por explorar.
important steps have been taken to understand the disease mechanisms. In the last twenty years, vast medical research has led to a partial knowledge of the molecular basis of some of these diseases, revealing a quantity of promising new biological markers, fit for everyday clinical practice. The use of biomarkers aims primarily to improve the classification, differential diagnosis and understanding of the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease. Application in medical practice relies on their ability to detect disease, assess its current status, monitor progression and support the diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. These markers are mostly inflammatory mediators and have been analyzed mainly in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage, but also in other biological fluids and tissues. By this review, and the preliminary results of the laboratory work we have undertaken, we can conclude that we’re approaching a resolution for the puzzle that will lead us to an understanding of the mechanisms of these diseases. Markers such as KL-6, SP-A, SP-D, MCP-1 and sIL-2R should be studied in parallel due to their high potential. In any case the enormous complexity of this research area leaves much to be explored.
Carvão, João Nuno Jardim. "Manifestações pulmonares do refluxo gastroesofágico : uma revisão teórica." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/27525.
Full textA doença de refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE) é uma condição que se desenvolve quando o refluxo de conteúdo do estômago causa sintomas problemáticos e/ou complicações esofágicas ou extra-esofágicas, estando muitas vezes associada a doenças respiratórias crónicas. Os principais mecanismos propostos são a lesão directa provocada pela microaspiração de conteúdo gástrico e o reflexo bronco-esofágico mediado pelo nervo vago. Do mesmo modo, as doenças respiratórias e o tratamento com broncodilatadores podem favorecer o RGE. A associação entre a DRGE e diversas doenças pulmonares como a asma, o SAOS, a DPOC e a fibrose pulmonar tem sido estudada extensivamente. Este diagnóstico pode passar despercebido em doentes que não apresentam sintomas típicos. Quando há suspeita de DRGE, um teste terapêutico com IBP está indicado. A pH-impedância é o exame diagnóstico de referência e permite evidenciar refluxo não-ácido, na qual os IBP não são eficazes. O tratamento com da DRGE é, por vezes, complexo e pode mesmo incluir cirurgia. Através da revisão literária da informação existente até à data da publicação desta revisão, esperamos que a compreensão das manifestações pulmonares da DRGE contribua para o desenvolvimento de novas abordagens para diversas doenças pulmonares e atenuação das consequências da DRGE.
The gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition that develops when the reflux content of the stomach causes symptoms and/or oesophageal/extraoesophageal complications and it’s often associated with chronic respiratory conditions. The main proposed mechanisms are a direct lesion caused by micro aspiration of gastric content and an oesophageal-bronchial reflex mediated by the vagus nerve. Likewise respiratory conditions and some medications might favour gastroesophageal reflux. The association between GERD and several pulmonary diseases like asma, OSAS, POCD and pulmonary fibrosis has been thoroughly studied. This diagnosis may be unnoticed in patients who don´t present with the typical symptoms. When there is a suspicion of GERD an empirical therapeutic test with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) is indicated. A pH-impedance test is the “gold standard” diagnostic test and it allows the differentiation between acidic and non-acidic reflux, the latter which PPI aren´t effective. The treatment of GERD is, sometimes, complex and may include cirgury. Through the revision of the latest information available to date we hope that the understanding of the pulmonary manifestations of GERD contributes to the development of new approaches of the pulmonary diseases and attenuation of the consequences of GERD.