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Journal articles on the topic 'Fibrosis Assessment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Virarkar, Mayur, Ajaykumar C. Morani, Melissa W. Taggart, and Priya Bhosale. "Liver Fibrosis Assessment." Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 42, no. 4 (2021): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2021.03.003.

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2

Loomba, Rohit, and Leon A. Adams. "Advances in non-invasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis." Gut 69, no. 7 (2020): 1343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317593.

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Liver fibrosis should be assessed in all individuals with chronic liver disease as it predicts the risk of future liver-related morbidity and thus need for treatment, monitoring and surveillance. Non-invasive fibrosis tests (NITs) overcome many limitations of liver biopsy and are now routinely incorporated into specialist clinical practice. Simple serum-based tests (eg, Fibrosis Score 4, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Fibrosis Score) consist of readily available biochemical surrogates and clinical risk factors for liver fibrosis (eg, age and sex). These have been extensively validated acros

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3

Masuzaki, Ryota, Tatsuo Kanda, Reina Sasaki, et al. "Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis: Current and Future Clinical and Molecular Perspectives." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (2020): 4906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144906.

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Liver fibrosis is one of the risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. The staging of liver fibrosis can be evaluated only via a liver biopsy, which is an invasive procedure. Noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis can be divided into morphological tests such as elastography and serum biochemical tests. Transient elastography is reported to have excellent performance in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and has been accepted as a useful tool for the prediction of HCC development and other clinical outcomes. Two-dimensional shear wave elastography is a new techn

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4

Mik, Patrik, Katsiaryna Barannikava, and Polina Surkova. "Biased Quantification of Rat Liver Fibrosis—Meta-Analysis with Practical Recommendations and Clinical Implications." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 15 (2023): 5072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12155072.

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For liver fibrosis assessment, the liver biopsy is usually stained with Masson’s trichrome (MT) or picrosirius red (PSR) to quantify liver connective tissue (LCT) for fibrosis scoring. However, several concerns of such semiquantitative assessments have been raised, and when searching for data on the amount of LCT in healthy rats, the results vastly differ. Regarding the ongoing reproducibility crisis in science, it is necessary to inspect the results and methods, and to design an unbiased and reproducible method of LCT assessment. We searched the Medline database using search terms related to

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5

Castera, Laurent. "Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis." Digestive Diseases 33, no. 4 (2015): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000374097.

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Background: The prognosis and management of chronic liver diseases greatly depend on the amount and progression of liver fibrosis with the risk of developing cirrhosis. Liver biopsy, traditionally considered as the reference standard for the staging of fibrosis, has been challenged over the past decade by the development of novel noninvasive methodologies. Key Messages: Noninvasive methods rely on two different but complementary approaches: a ‘biological' approach based on the dosage serum biomarkers, and a ‘physical' approach based on the measurement of liver stiffness using transient elastog

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6

Mesa, Ruben A. "Detangling fibrosis assessment in MPNs." Leukemia Research 34, no. 7 (2010): 854–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leukres.2010.01.014.

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7

Hall, P. de la M., M. A. Jenner, L. R. Jarvis, and M. Ahern. "Morphometric assessment of hepatic fibrosis." Pathology 23 (1991): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3025(16)36166-9.

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8

Jellis, Christine, Jennifer Martin, Jagat Narula, and Thomas H. Marwick. "Assessment of Nonischemic Myocardial Fibrosis." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 56, no. 2 (2010): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.02.047.

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9

Kelleher, T. Barry, and Nezam Afdhal. "Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis." Clinics in Liver Disease 9, no. 4 (2005): 667–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cld.2005.08.002.

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10

Bonder, Alan, Elliot B. Tapper, and Nezam H. Afdhal. "Contemporary Assessment of Hepatic Fibrosis." Clinics in Liver Disease 19, no. 1 (2015): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cld.2014.09.007.

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11

Barr, Richard G., Giovanna Ferraioli, Mark L. Palmeri, et al. "Elastography Assessment of Liver Fibrosis." Ultrasound Quarterly 32, no. 2 (2016): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ruq.0000000000000209.

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12

Martínez, Stella M., Gonzalo Crespo, Miquel Navasa, and Xavier Forns. "Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis." Hepatology 53, no. 1 (2010): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.24013.

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13

Nguyen, Doris, and Jayant A. Talwalkar. "Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis." Hepatology 53, no. 6 (2011): 2107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.24401.

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14

Shurygina, E. I., N. V. Makarenko, N. S. Karnaukhov, et al. "Methods of pancreatic fibrosis assessment." Russian Journal of Evidence-Based Gastroenterology 13, no. 1 (2024): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/dokgastro20241301148.

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15

Ahmed, Rida Rubab, Ambeen Usmani, Muhammad Shahid, Mazhar Ul Haque, Imran Khan Khattak, and Ashfaq Hussain. "Morphological Assessment Of Epithelium and Nucleus in Oral Submucous Fibrosis Individuals." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 5 (2022): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22165189.

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Aim: To evaluate histomorphological alterations present within nucleus and epithelium in oral submucous fibrosis subjects Methods: This study recruited 50 clinically diagnosed cases of oral submucous fibrosis which were active chewers of areca nut and associated products. Oral mucosa tissue blocks were prepared and processed followed by staining with Hematoxylin & Eosin to observe morphological features. The findings were statistically analyzed through SPSS version 23 Results: Amongst the sample size of 50, 33(66%) of cases had pleomorphic nuclear structure out of which 21(91.3%) had promi

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16

Jin, Young-Joo. "Diagnostic Assessment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease." Korean Journal of Medicine 95, no. 5 (2020): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2020.95.5.299.

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, and is characterized by fat accumulation at levels exceeding 5% in hepatocytes due to insulin resistance. The disease spectrum ranges from simple nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)/NASH-related fibrosis or cirrhosis defined by histological findings. Unlike simple NAFL, NASH/NASH-related fibrosis or cirrhosis increases the risk of liver-related morbidity or mortality. Therefore, accurate diagnosis of NASH/NASH-related fibrosis or cirrhosis is needed for management of patients

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17

Poynard, Thierry, Rachel Morra, Patrick Ingiliz, et al. "Assessment of liver fibrosis: Noninvasive means." Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology 14, no. 4 (2008): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1319-3767.43273.

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18

Walkowiak, Jaroslaw. "Assessment of maldigestion in cystic fibrosis." Journal of Pediatrics 145, no. 3 (2004): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.06.033.

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19

Labombarda, Fabien, Arnaud Pellissier, Madiha Ellafi, et al. "Myocardial Strain Assessment in Cystic Fibrosis." Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 24, no. 9 (2011): 1037–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2011.06.004.

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20

Redman, Joseph, and Richard K. Sterling. "Non-invasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis." Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology 18, no. 2 (2020): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11938-020-00285-z.

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21

Mardini, H., and C. Record. "Detection assessment and monitoring of hepatic fibrosis: biochemistry or biopsy?" Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 42, no. 6 (2005): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/000456305774538210.

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Hepatic fibrosis is an important consequence of inflammatory disorders affecting the liver, and ultimately progresses to cirrhosis. Here we explore methods for the detection and monitoring of hepatic fibrosis, particularly in hepatitis C, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and during methotrexate therapy, in all of which progressive fibrosis can develop over a number of years in a minority of patients. Liver biopsy currently remains the gold standard to assess fibrosis. However, it has several limitations, including manpower issues, cost, risk of patient injury, includi

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22

Bollert, FG, JY Paton, TG Marshall, J. Calvert, AP Greening, and JA Innes. "Recombinant DNase in cystic fibrosis: a protocol for targeted introduction through n-of-1 trials. Scottish Cystic Fibrosis Group." European Respiratory Journal 13, no. 1 (1999): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.99.13110799.

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Nebulized recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (DNase) reduces sputum viscosity and improves lung function in some cystic fibrosis patients, but individual responses are unpredictable. The aim of this study was to investigate how DNase can be targeted to those cystic fibrosis patients who would benefit most. The Scottish Cystic Fibrosis Group agreed on a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled n-of-1 assessment protocol. Patients underwent a maximum of three 4-week assessment periods (2 weeks saline, 2 weeks DNase each). Measurements performed at hospital (exercise, oximetry and spirometry

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23

Almaas, Vibeke M., Kristina H. Haugaa, Erik H. Strøm, et al. "Noninvasive assessment of myocardial fibrosis in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." Heart 100, no. 8 (2013): 631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304923.

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ObjectiveLate gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) imaging is the reference standard for non-invasive assessment of fibrosis. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients the histological substrate for LGE is still unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of LGE and strain echocardiography to detect type and extent of myocardial fibrosis in obstructive HCM patients undergoing septal myectomy.MethodsThirty-two HCM patients (age 60±10) were included in this cross-sectional study and preoperatively examined by speckle-tracking strain echocardiography and LG

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24

Chantaduly, Chanon, Hayden R. Troutt, Karla A. Perez Reyes, Jonathan E. Zuckerman, Peter D. Chang, and Wei Ling Lau. "Artificial Intelligence Assessment of Renal Scarring (AIRS Study)." Kidney360 3, no. 1 (2021): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34067/kid.0003662021.

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BackgroundThe goal of the Artificial Intelligence in Renal Scarring (AIRS) study is to develop machine learning tools for noninvasive quantification of kidney fibrosis from imaging scans.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who had one or more abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans within 6 months of a kidney biopsy. The final cohort encompassed 152 CT scans from 92 patients, which included images of 300 native kidneys and 76 transplant kidneys. Two different convolutional neural networks (slice-level and voxel-level classifiers) were tested to differentiate severe versus

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25

Khodjaeva, M. E., A. S. Khikmatullaeva, N. S. Ibadullaeva, M. A. Abdukadirova, K. E. Novak, and E. V. Esaulenko. "MicroRNA-122: assessment of diagnostic significance in HDV infection." Journal Infectology 16, no. 1 (2024): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-56-61.

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Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic significance of the relationship between the level of microRNA-122 expression and liver fibrosis during HDV infection.Materials and methods. The expression of microRNA-122 was determined in 203 blood samples. Blood sampling was done from 53 patients with chronic viral hepatitis D, 49 patients with liver cirrhosis of HDV etiology, and 69 patients with newly diagnosed HBs antigenemia. The control group consisted of practically healthy individuals (n=32).Results. In patients with negative RNA HDV levels, the level of microRNA-122 in the blood serum was significantl

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26

An, Zhe, Guang Yang, Haikuo Zheng, Wei Nie, and Guohui Liu. "Biomarkers in patients with myocardial fibrosis." Open Life Sciences 12, no. 1 (2017): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2017-0039.

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AbstractMyocardial fibrosis is observed in many cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, heart failure and cardiomyopathy. Myocardial fibrosis has been proved to be reversible and treatable only under timely intervention, which makes early detection and assessment of fibrosis crucial. Aside from tissue biopsy as the gold standard for the diagnosis of myocardial fibrosis, circulating biomarkers have been adopted as noninvasive assessment of this lesion. Dysregulated collagen deposition is thought to be the major cause of myocardial fibrosis. Collagens, procollagens, TGF-β, TIMP, galectin

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27

Minamikawa, Takeo, Eiji Hase, Mayuko Ichimura-Shimizu, et al. "Assessment of Ultra-Early-Stage Liver Fibrosis in Human Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Second-Harmonic Generation Microscopy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 6 (2022): 3357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063357.

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the chronic progression of fibrosis. In general, the progression of liver fibrosis is determined by a histopathological assessment with a collagen-stained section; however, the ultra-early stage of liver fibrosis is challenging to identify because of the low sensitivity in the collagen-selective staining method. In the present study, we demonstrate the feasibility of second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy in the histopathological diagnosis of the liver of NAFLD patients for the quantitative assessment of the ultra-early stage of

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28

Ballestri, Stefano, Alessandro Mantovani, Maria Di Girolamo, Enrica Baldelli, Mariano Capitelli, and Amedeo Lonardo. "Liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: noninvasive evaluation and correlation with cardiovascular disease and mortality." Metabolism and Target Organ Damage 3, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2022.23.

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Liver fibrosis is critical for liver-related outcomes and mortality in chronic liver disease, irrespective of etiology, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD has been viewed as an independent correlate of cardiovascular risk. This review article briefly describes the cellular and molecular pathomechanisms underlying hepatic fibrosis. We then address noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis. Finally, we discuss published evidence supporting fibrosis biomarkers’ role in assessing cardiovascular risk among patients with NAFLD. While histological assessment is the diagnostic st

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29

Sah, Manoj Kumar, Bhupenndra Kumar Basnet, Nandu Silwal Poudyal, Niyanta Karki, and Roshan Shrestha. "Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Nepal." Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 9, no. 1 (2020): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v9i1.29163.

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Background and Aims: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) progresses to liver fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis and its complications. Grading of liver fibrosis 2D SWE (Shear Wave Elastography) is a noninvasive study of liver fibrosis and stiffness. We compared different fibrosis scores (NAFLD fibrosis score, FIB 4 score, APRI score) and ultra-sonogram identified fatty liver with 2d shear wave elastography score. Methods: A hospital based prospective observational study was conducted from May 2019 for ten months period in the Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, NAMS, Nepal. Seventy pati

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Bera, Chinmay, Nashla Hamdan-Perez, and Keyur Patel. "Non-Invasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis in Hepatitis B Patients." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 4 (2024): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13041046.

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The aim of this review is to provide updated information on the clinical use of non-invasive serum and imaging-based tests for fibrosis assessment in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection. In recent years, non-invasive tests (NIT) have been increasingly used to determine eligibility for treatment. Liver biopsy is still considered the gold standard for assessing inflammatory activity and fibrosis staging, but it is an invasive procedure with inherent limitations. Simple serum markers such as APRI and FIB-4 are limited by indeterminate results but remain useful initial tests for fibrosis sev

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31

Buzzetti, Elena, Rosa Lombardi, Laura De Luca, and Emmanuel A. Tsochatzis. "Noninvasive Assessment of Fibrosis in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease." International Journal of Endocrinology 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/343828.

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent in 20–25% of the general population and is associated with metabolic risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Histologically, NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. As NASH develops in only 10–15% of patients with NAFLD, it is not practical to biopsy all patients who present with NAFLD. Noninvasive fibrosis tests have been extensively developed recently and offer alternatives for staging fibrosis. Despite their increasing use, such tests cannot adequately

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32

Soon, Gwyneth, and Aileen Wee. "Updates in the quantitative assessment of liver fibrosis for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Histological perspective." Clinical and Molecular Hepatology 27, no. 1 (2021): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2020.0181.

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) is a major cause of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Accurate assessment of liver fibrosis is important for predicting disease outcomes and assessing therapeutic response in clinical practice and clinical trials. Although noninvasive tests such as transient elastography and magnetic resonance elastography are preferred where possible, histological assessment of liver fibrosis via semiquantitative scoring systems remains the current gold standard. Collagen proportionate area provides more granularity by measuring the percen

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33

Pimpalwar, Yayati, and Akhilesh Rao. "Liver fibrosis assessment: a correlation of fibro scan values with gray scale assessment of portal vein." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 1 (2017): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20175741.

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Background: FibroScan is an expensive modality with excellent accuracy for diagnosis of cirrhosis by measuring liver stiffness. In less developed countries it is not a financially viable method for fibrosis measurement. The aim of this study is to compare and correlate FibroScan values with gray scale sonographic assessment of portal vein calibre diameter which can be done using a basic ultrasonography machine.Methods: Prospective review of 124 patients with chronic liver disease done between Dec 2015 to May 2016 with the objective of correlating FibroScan values with gray scale assessment of

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34

Elmawla Ahmed, Safaa G., Naglaa A. Elgendy, Mohamed H. Barbary, Sara M. F. Hussein, and Abdulmoniem A. Abdulmoniem. "Assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients under tenofovir treatment." Al-Azhar Assiut Medical Journal 23, no. 2 (2025): 323–29. https://doi.org/10.4103/azmj.azmj_21_25.

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Background and aim The FibroScan measures the hardness of the liver and the transmission velocity of shear waves, which may be used to determine the extent of hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV). In 2008, the FDA approved tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for HBV. We aimed to use aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis 4 index (FIB4), and FibroScan at baseline, 6 months, and 1-year posttreatment to assess their clinical value in tracking disease regression in chronic hepatitis B patients using tenofovir (300 mg orally daily). Patients and methods The stu

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35

Khallafi, Hicham, and Kamran Qureshi. "Imaging Based Methods of Liver Fibrosis Assessment in Viral Hepatitis: A Practical Approach." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/809289.

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Liver fibrosis represents the repair mechanism in liver injury and is a feature of most chronic liver diseases. The degree of liver fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis infections has major clinical implications and presence of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis determines prognosis. Treatment initiation for viral hepatitis is indicated in most cases of advanced liver fibrosis and diagnosis of cirrhosis entails hepatology evaluation for specialized clinical care. Liver biopsy is an invasive technique and has been the standard of care of fibrosis assessment for years; however, it has several limitat

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36

Johannson, Kerri A., Eric Vittinghoff, Julie Morisset, Joyce S. Lee, John R. Balmes, and Harold R. Collard. "Home monitoring improves endpoint efficiency in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis." European Respiratory Journal 50, no. 1 (2017): 1602406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02406-2016.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability, feasibility and analytical impact of home-based measurement of forced vital capacity (FVC) and dyspnoea as clinical endpoints in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).Patients with IPF performed weekly home-based assessment of FVC and dyspnoea using a mobile hand-held spirometer and self-administered dyspnoea questionnaires. Weekly variability in FVC and dyspnoea was estimated, and sample sizes were simulated for a hypothetical 24-week clinical trial using either traditional office-based interval measurement or mobile weekly assessm

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37

Petzold, Golo. "Role of Ultrasound Methods for the Assessment of NAFLD." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 15 (2022): 4581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154581.

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. The prevalence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is between 55–80%. The spectrum of NALFD ranges from simple steatosis to aggressive steatohepatitis with potentially progressive liver fibrosis up to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In clinical practice, there are two important aims: First to make the diagnosis of NAFLD, and second, to identify patients with advanced fibrosis, because extent of fibrosis is strongly associated with overall mortality, cardiovascular disease, hepatocellular carcinom

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38

Karsdal, Morten A., Sara T. Hjuler, Yi Luo, et al. "Assessment of liver fibrosis progression and regression by a serological collagen turnover profile." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 316, no. 1 (2019): G25—G31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00158.2018.

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There is a need for noninvasive biomarkers that can identify patients with progressive liver fibrosis and monitor response to antifibrotic therapy. An equally important need is identification of patients with spontaneous fibrosis regression, since they may not need treatment nor be included in clinical studies with fibrosis as end point. Circulating biomarkers, originating from defined fragments of the scar tissue itself, may serve as valuable tools for this aspect of precision medicine. We investigated a panel of serological collagen formation and degradation markers to identify patients like

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39

Karanjia, Rustam N., Mary M. E. Crossey, I. Jane Cox, et al. "Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis: Non-invasive assessment." World Journal of Gastroenterology 22, no. 45 (2016): 9880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i45.9880.

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40

Zaleska-Dorobisz, Urszula, Aleksander Pawluś, Marta Kucharska, and Marcin Inglot. "SWE elastography in assessment of liver fibrosis." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 69 (February 15, 2015): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/17322693.1140338.

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41

Ferraioli, Giovanna, and Richard G. Barr. "Ultrasound liver elastography beyond liver fibrosis assessment." World Journal of Gastroenterology 26, no. 24 (2020): 3413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i24.3413.

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42

Aurora, P., P. Whitmore, and B. F. Whitehead. "Assessment for lung transplantation in cystic fibrosis." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 92, no. 37_suppl (1999): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107689909237s06.

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43

ZHOU, Kun, and Lun Gen LU. "Assessment of fibrosis in chronic liver diseases." Journal of Digestive Diseases 10, no. 1 (2009): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-2980.2008.00356.x.

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44

Ferrozzi, F., D. Bova, F. Campodonico, et al. "Cystic fibrosis: MR assessment of pancreatic damage." Radiology 198, no. 3 (1996): 875–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.198.3.8628886.

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45

Schönenberger, Katja A., Emilie Reber, Lia Bally, Thomas Geiser, Dagmar Lin, and Zeno Stanga. "Nutritional assessment in adults with cystic fibrosis." Nutrition 67-68 (November 2019): 110518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2019.05.010.

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46

Rolin, S. A., C. D. Sheldon, and N. J. Withers. "Assessment of bone mineralisation in cystic fibrosis." Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 8 (June 2009): S83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-1993(09)60327-1.

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47

Kerem, E., M. Wilschanski, G. L. Elfring, et al. "Quantitative cough assessment in cystic fibrosis (CF)." Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 7 (June 2008): S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-1993(08)60225-8.

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48

Davison, Suzanne. "Assessment of liver disease in cystic fibrosis." Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 27 (June 2018): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2018.05.010.

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49

Ferrari, Victor A., Walter R. T. Witschey, and Rong Zhou. "Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Myocardial Fibrosis." Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging 4, no. 6 (2011): 604–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circimaging.111.969204.

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50

Nichols, E. H., and N. H. Afdhal. "Assessment of Liver Fibrosis With New Modalities." MD Conference Express 15, no. 14 (2015): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559897715593901.

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