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Journal articles on the topic 'Ficin'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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1

Haesaerts, Sarah, John Alexander Rodriguez Buitrago, Remy Loris, Danielle Baeyens-Volant, and Mohamed Azarkan. "Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of four cysteine proteases fromFicus caricalatex." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 71, no. 4 (March 20, 2015): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x15005014.

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The latex of the common fig (Ficus carica) contains a mixture of at least five cysteine proteases commonly known as ficins (EC 3.4.22.3). Four of these proteases were purified to homogeneity and crystals were obtained in a variety of conditions. The four ficin (iso)forms appear in ten different crystal forms. All diffracted to better than 2.10 Å resolution and for each form at least one crystal form diffracted to 1.60 Å resolution or higher. Ficin (iso)forms B and C share a common crystal form, suggesting close sequence and structural similarity. The latter diffracted to a resolution of 1.20 Å and belonged to space groupP3121 orP3221, with unit-cell parametersa=b= 88.9,c= 55.9 Å.
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2

Milošević, Jelica, Lidija Vrhovac, Filip Đurković, Brankica Janković, Saša Malkov, Jurij Lah, and Natalija Đ. Polović. "Isolation, identification, and stability of Ficin 1c isoform from fig latex." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 36 (2020): 15716–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj02938f.

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3

Mazri, Chafiaa, Hammer el Ain Soumia, and Hocine Siar. "Characterization and Application of Phytochemicals Substances of the Fig Tree: Biological and Sensory Characterization of Ficin and Cheeses “Fresh and Soft”." Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 9, no. 1 (May 12, 2020): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajase.v9i1.30.

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The manufacture of cheese based on goat's milk is a traditional practice using fig tree latex. The objective of this paper is to study the possibility of substituting rennet with ficin as a vegetable coagulant milk and its characterization. In addition, two trials of manufacturing fresh and soft cheese using ficin were made. The results obtained show that the coagulant activity of ficin is optimal at pH = 5, at a temperature of 75℃ and at a CaCl2 concentration of 0.03 M with 2097.90 UR., 911.79 UR., and 192.30 UR respectively. The coagulant force of this enzyme is 1/21250.911 with a proteolytic activity estimated at 139 μg of tyrosine equivalent per ml of ficin extract. The fresh cheese is white with a creamy appearance and great solubility in the mouth. The ficin soft cheese has an organoleptic quality better than that of control cheese and a softer with a more viscous texture in comparison to that of rennet. The ficin soft cheese has a penetrometry of 2.5 mm in comparison with that of a rennet of 3.6 mm. Ficin can replace rennet in cheese making and deserves to be expanded in the manufacture of different cheeses.
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4

Taschini, Pier A., and Doris M. Macdonald. "Ficin in Immunohistochemistry." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 90, no. 6 (December 1, 1988): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/90.6.754.

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5

Pakbin, Babak, Shaghayegh Pishkhan Dibazar, Samaneh Allahyari, Hanifeh Shariatifar, Wolfram Manuel Brück, and Alireza Farasat. "ACE2-Inhibitory Effects of Bromelain and Ficin in Colon Cancer Cells." Medicina 59, no. 2 (February 6, 2023): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020301.

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Background and Objectives: Bromelain and ficin are aqueous extracts from fruits of Ananas comosus and Ficus carcia plants, used widely for medical applications. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a homolog of ACE, degrading Ang II to angiotensin 1-7 and decreasing the cellular concentration of Ang II. Materials and Methods: In this study, we investigated the ACE2-inhibitory, antiproliferative, and apoptosis-inducing effects of ficin and bromelain on caco-2 cells. Results: We found that bromelain and ficin significantly reduced the viability of human colon cancer cells with IC50 value concentrations of 8.8 and 4.2 mg/mL for bromelain after 24 and 48 h treatments, and 8.8 and 4.2 mg/mL for ficin after 24 and 48 h treatments, respectively. The apoptosis of the caco-2 cell line treated with bromelain was 81.04% and 56.70%, observed after 24 and 48 h. Total apoptotic proportions in caco-2 cells treated with ficin after 24 and 48 h were 83.7% and 73.0%. An amount of 1.6 mg/mL of bromelain and ficin treatments on caco-2 cells after 24 h revealed a higher decrease than that of other concentrations in the expression of ACE2 protein. Conclusions: In conclusion, bromelain and ficin can dose-dependently decrease the expression of ACE2 protein in caco-2 cells.
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6

Sun, Yan, Wentao Jiang, Mingzheng Zhang, Lingjun Zhang, Yan Shen, Shengbin Huang, Mingyun Li, et al. "The Inhibitory Effects of Ficin on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation." BioMed Research International 2021 (March 23, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6692328.

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To investigate the effects of ficin on biofilm formation of conditionally cariogenic Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Biomass and metabolic activity of biofilm were assessed using crystal violet assay, colony-forming unit (CFU) counting, and MTT assay. Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis was displayed by SEM imaging, bacteria/EPS staining, and anthrone method while acid production was revealed by lactic acid assay. Growth curve and live/dead bacterial staining were conducted to monitor bacterial growth state in both planktonic and biofilm form. Total protein and extracellular proteins of S. mutans biofilm were analyzed by protein/bacterial staining and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), severally. qRT-PCR was conducted to detect acid production, acid tolerance, and biofilm formation associated genes. Crystal violet assay, CFU counting, and MTT assay showed that the suppression effect of ficin on S. mutans biofilm formation was concentration dependent. 4 mg/mL ficin had significant inhibitory effect on S. mutans biofilm formation including biomass, metabolic activity, EPS synthesis, and lactic acid production ( p < 0.05 ). The growth curves from 0 mg/mL to 4 mg/mL ficin were aligned with each other. There was no significant difference among different ficin groups in terms of live/dead bacterial staining result ( p > 0.05 ). Protein/bacterial staining outcome indicated that ficin inhibit both total protein and biofilm formation during the biofilm development. There were more relatively small molecular weight protein bands in extracellular proteins of 4 mg/mL ficin group when compared with the control. Generally, ficin could inhibit biofilm formation and reduce cariogenic virulence of S. mutans effectively in vitro; thus, it could be a potential anticaries agent.
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7

Malykhina, N. V., S. S. Olshannikova, M. G. Holyavka, A. V. Sorokin, M. S. Lavlinskaya, V. G. Artyukhov, D. A. Faizullin, and Yu F. Zuev. "Preparation of Ficin Complexes with Carboxymethylchitosan and <i>N</i>-(2-Hydroxy)propyl-3-Trimethyl Ammonium Chitosan and the Study of Their Structural Features." Биоорганическая химия 49, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0132342322060173.

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Chitosan derivatives – сarboxymethyl chitosan and N-(2-hydroxy)propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan with molecular weights of 200, 350, and 600 kDa have been synthesized. Complexes of ficin with chitosan and its named derivatives have been obtained. IR spectra of chitosan, carboxymethylchitosan, and N-(2-hydroxy)propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan and their complexes with ficin were recorded. The analysis of the spectra confirmed the formation of conjugates between the macromolecules of polysaccharides and ficin. The optimal ratio of protein content (0.7 mg/g of carrier) and specific activity (1590 units/mg of protein) was found during the complexation of ficin with the N-(2-hydroxy)propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan matrix with the molecular weight 350 kDa. The efficiency of ficin complexation (in terms of specific catalytic activity) with N-(2-hydroxy)propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan (350 kDa) exceeds that of chitosan (350 kDa) and carboxymethylchitosan (350 kDa) 2.4 and 9.8 times respectively. The types of interactions, first binding energies, amino acid composition of ficin surfaces, which interact with the carrier in the process of complexation, were studied by molecular docking. It has been established that bonds and interactions with chitosan and its derivatives are formed, among other things, with the participation of amino acid residues located near the ficin active site (Cys25 and His162), which explains the change in the proteolytic activity of the obtained complexes. Ficin complexes with N-(2-hydroxy)propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan are soluble in a wide pH range and, therefore, may be more promising than protease-chitosan complexes in the development of medical preparations and biocatalysts for the food, brewing, and leather industries.
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8

Crawford, Katherine. "Marsilio Ficino, Neoplatonism, and the Problem of Sex." Renaissance and Reformation 40, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 3–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v40i2.9012.

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Dans cet essai, nous examinons comment le désir, tel qu'il est présenté dans l’oeuvre de Marsile Ficin, pose des difficultés à ses contemporains surtout en ce qui concerne le désir et la beauté comme moyens d’atteindre le salut. Selon Ficin, le désir homoérotique est central à une compréhension profonde de la nature divine et de la transcendance spirituelle en générale. L'amant et le bien-aimé entrent dans un rapport réciproque (mais inégal) qui est fondé sur une attraction mutuelle et spirituelle. Mais, Ficin constate que l'amant peut se tromper en prenant pour l'amour pur et spirituel un désir physique, sensuel et transgressif. Cet essai présente ces ambiguïtés chez Ficin en les appliquant à une lecture de John Ford, Pietro Bembo et Symphorien Champier. Dans ces trois textes, on voit clairement les complexités de la pensée de Ficin en ce qui concerne le désir homoérotique et les égarements de l'amour.
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9

Gersh, Stephen. "Matter and light in Marsilio Ficino’s Commentary on the “Enneads” of Plotinus : Crossing the barrier." Chôra 20 (2022): 165–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chora20222010.

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Le système métaphysique du platonicien chrétien Marsile Ficin se caractérise par une ample utilisation des analogies et, plus particulièrement, de l’analogie de la lumière. Compte tenu de l’énorme éventail de ces applications, le présent article se concentre sur une question spécifique, à savoir celle de la relation entre lumière et ombre en relation avec sa notion de matière, et sur un texte spécifique : le Commentaire sur les «Ennéades» de Plotin, que Ficin a publié vers la fin de sa carrière. L’article se divise en trois sections : 1) Enquête sur une gamme d’applications de l’analogie de la lumière chez Ficin ; 2) Résumé de l’interprétation de Ficin concernant la doctrine de la matière (supérieure et inférieure) de Plotin, en particulier dans Ennéades I. 8, II . 4, et III . 6 ; 3) Discussion de la manière dont Ficin applique l’analogie de la lumière et de l’ombre à la doctrine de la matière. Un thème important de l’article est la presénce d’une tension structurelle entre les notions de matière en tant que continuum et en tant que «barrière», indiquée par l’analogie de l’ombre. Ce thème est exploité par Ficin en vue de renforcer la doctrine (dérivée de certains passages de Plotin) selon laquelle Dieu exerce la causalité sans aucune médiation entre lui et ses effets.
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10

Sorokin, Andrey V., Svetlana S. Goncharova, Maria S. Lavlinskaya, Marina G. Holyavka, Dzhigangir A. Faizullin, Maxim S. Kondratyev, Sergey V. Kannykin, Yuriy F. Zuev, and Valeriy G. Artyukhov. "Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Polymers as Promising Matrices for Ficin Immobilization." Polymers 15, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030649.

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The present work is devoted to research on the interaction between carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt and its derivatives (graft copolymer of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt and N,N-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) with cysteine protease (ficin). The interaction was studied by FTIR and by flexible molecular docking, which have shown the conjugates’ formation with both matrices. The proteolytic activity assay performed with azocasein demonstrated that the specific activities of all immobilized ficin samples are higher in comparison with those of the native enzyme. This is due to the modulation of the conformation of ficin globule and of the enzyme active site by weak physical interactions involving catalytically valuable amino acids. The results obtained can extend the practical use of ficin in biomedicine and biotechnology.
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11

Baidamshina, D. R., M. G. Holyavka, E. Y. Trizna, Koroleva V.A., and S. M. Olshannikova. "THE USE OF HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF THERAPY OF INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FORMATION OF BACTERIAL BIOFILM." http://eng.biomos.ru/conference/articles.htm 1, no. 19 (2021): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37747/2312-640x-2021-19-82-84.

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The successful destruction of biofilm structures and the significant decrease of non-specific bacterial adhesion to the surfaces after either Ficin or Papain treatment have been detected. The combination of enzymes with antimicrobials increased the efficacy of the latter against biofilm-embedded bacteria. Moreover, Ficin treatment lead to smoother reepithelisation, and new tissue formation exhibiting collagen structure characteristics closely reminiscent of those observed in the native tissue. Thus, both soluble and immobilized Ficin and Papain appear beneficial for the treatment of biofilm-associated infections, speeding up wound healing and microbial decontamination.
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12

Olshannikova, Svetlana, Victoria Koroleva, Marina Holyavka, Alexander Pashkov, and Valeriy Artyukhov. "Covalent Immobilization of Thiol Proteinases on Chitosan." Chemistry Proceedings 2, no. 1 (November 9, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eccs2020-07527.

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Plant enzymes such as ficin (EC 3.4.22.3), papain (EC 3.4.22.2) and bromelain (EC 3.4.22.4) are obtained from tropical plants. These biocatalysts belong to thiol proteases, in the active center of which cysteine is contained. Ficin, papain and bromelain have a wide substrate specificity, which provides a demand for their use in various industries. Enzymes in the free state are less commonly used; immobilized biocatalysts are the preferred form. The aim of this work was to determine the optimal concentration of a crosslinking agent in the covalent immobilization of ficin, papain and bromelain on a chitosan matrix. Ficin, papain and bromelain (Sigma) were chosen as objects of study. An acid-soluble chitosan (350 kDa, Bioprogress CJSC) was used as an immobilization carrier. The concentration range of glutaraldehyde (crosslinking agent) ranged from 1 to 25%. Suitable concentrations of glutaraldehyde for covalent immobilization were identified by the optimal ratio of protein content (mg per g of carrier), total activity (in units per ml of solution) and specific activity (in units per mg of protein). It was shown that for covalent immobilization of ficin and bromelain on a chitosan matrix, it is most promising to use 10% glutaraldehyde. For immobilization of papain on chitosan by covalent means, the concentration of glutaraldehyde equal to 20% is optimal.
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13

Yang, Hye Ryeon, Du Hyeon Hwang, Ramachandran Loganathan Mohan Prakash, Jong-Hyun Kim, Il-Hwa Hong, Suk Kim, Euikyung Kim, and Changkeun Kang. "Exploring the Fibrin(ogen)olytic, Anticoagulant, and Antithrombotic Activities of Natural Cysteine Protease (Ficin) with the κ-Carrageenan-Induced Rat Tail Thrombosis Model." Nutrients 14, no. 17 (August 29, 2022): 3552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14173552.

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Although fibrinolytic enzymes and thrombolytic agents help in cardiovascular disease treatment, those currently available have several side effects. This warrants the search for safer alternatives. Several natural cysteine protease preparations are used in traditional medicine to improve platelet aggregation and thrombosis-related diseases. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of ficin, a natural cysteine protease, on fibrin(ogen) and blood coagulation. The optimal pH (pH 7) and temperature (37 °C) for proteolytic activity were determined using the azocasein method. Fibrinogen action and fibrinolytic activity were measured both electrophoretically and by the fibrin plate assay. The effect of ficin on blood coagulation was studied by conventional coagulation tests: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), blood clot lysis assay, and the κ-carrageenan thrombosis model. The Aα, Bβ, and γ bands of fibrinogen are readily cleaved by ficin, and we also observed a significant increase in PT and aPTT. Further, the mean length of the infarcted regions in the tails of Sprague–Dawley rats was shorter in rats administered 10 U/mL of ficin than in control rats. These findings suggest that natural cysteine protease, ficin contains novel fibrin and fibrinogenolytic enzymes and can be used for preventing and/or treating thrombosis-associated cardiovascular disorders.
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14

Baidamshina, Diana R., Elena Yu Trizna, Svetlana S. Goncharova, Andrey V. Sorokin, Maria S. Lavlinskaya, Anastasia P. Melnik, Leysan F. Gafarova, et al. "The Effect of Ficin Immobilized on Carboxymethyl Chitosan on Biofilms of Oral Pathogens." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 22 (November 8, 2023): 16090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216090.

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In the last decade, Ficin, a proteolytic enzyme extracted from the latex sap of the wild fig tree, has been widely investigated as a promising tool for the treatment of microbial biofilms, wound healing, and oral care. Here we report the antibiofilm properties of the enzyme immobilized on soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) and CMCh itself. Ficin was immobilized on CMCh with molecular weights of either 200, 350 or 600 kDa. Among them, the carrier with a molecular weight of 200 kDa bound the maximum amount of enzyme, binding up to 49% of the total protein compared to 19–32% of the total protein bound to other CMChs. Treatment with pure CMCh led to the destruction of biofilms formed by Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans, while no apparent effect on Staphylococcus aureus was observed. A soluble Ficin was less efficient in the destruction of the biofilms formed by Streptococcus sobrinus and S. gordonii. By contrast, treatment with CMCh200-immobilized Ficin led to a significant reduction of the biofilms of the primary colonizers S. gordonii and S. mutans. In model biofilms obtained by the inoculation of swabs from teeth of healthy volunteers, the destruction of the biofilm by both soluble and immobilized Ficin was observed, although the degree of the destruction varied between artificial plaque samples. Nevertheless, combined treatment of oral Streptococci biofilm by enzyme and chlorhexidine for 3 h led to a significant decrease in the viability of biofilm-embedded cells, compared to solely chlorhexidine application. This suggests that the use of either soluble or immobilized Ficin would allow decreasing the amount and/or concentration of the antiseptics required for oral care or improving the efficiency of oral cavity sanitization.
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15

Holyavka, M. G., and V. G. Artyukhov. "Optimization of a Method for Ficin Immobilization Using Glutaraldehyde." Biotekhnologiya 36, no. 5 (2020): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2020-36-5-81-88.

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Ficin was covalently immobilized on an acid-soluble matrix of medium (200 kDa) and high molecular weight (350 kDa) chitosans. The enzyme molecules were immobilized in a protein film and copolymerized with glutaraldehyde. The optimal ratio of protein content, total activity and specific activity was observed as a result of ficin covalent immobilization on a matrix of medium-molecular chitosan with 15% glutaraldehyde and high-molecular chitosan with 10% glutaraldehyde. The obtained biocatalysts are promising for industrial applications. ficin, chitosan, glutaraldehyde, covalent immobilization. This work was financially supported by a grant from the President of the Russian Federation for state support to young Russian scientists-doctors of sciences MD-1982.2020.4. Agreement 075-15-2020-325).
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16

Galand-Hallyn, Perrine. "L'« Elocutio » chez Marsile Ficin." Bulletin de l'Association Guillaume Budé 1, no. 2 (1989): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bude.1989.1389.

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17

AKAR, BIRGÜL, and SIBEL FADILOGLU. "TELEME PRODUCTION BY PURIFIED FICIN." Journal of Food Quality 22, no. 6 (December 1999): 671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.1999.tb00280.x.

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18

Fadýloğlu, S. "Immobilization and characterization of ficin." Nahrung/Food 45, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3803(20010401)45:2<143::aid-food143>3.0.co;2-8.

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19

Sorokin, A. V., S. S. Goncharova, M. S. Lavlinskaya, M. G. Holyavka, Yu F. Zuev, D. A. Faizullin, M. S. Kondtatyev, and V. G. Artyukhov. "Study on the interaction mechanism between ficin and a graft copolymer of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt and N-vinylimidazole using moleculardocking, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and raman spectroscopy." Биофизика 68, no. 2 (April 15, 2023): 248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0006302923020059.

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Flexible molecular docking, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the interaction mechanism between ficin and a graft copolymer of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt and N-vinylimidazole. Functional groups and fragments of the graft copolymer as well as amino acid residues that form primary structure of enzyme and participate in interactions between ficin and a graft copolymer are identified. It is shown that Raman spectroscopy yields more complete information about graft copolymer fragments interacting with the protein than that FTIR can provide. It is found that the amino acid residues that form the active site of ficin are involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the graft copolymer leading to an increase in the proteolytic activity of the conjugated enzyme.
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20

Morin, Yvan. "Christianisme, métaphysique et épistémologie chez Marsile Ficin." Renaissance and Reformation 31, no. 3 (January 25, 2009): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v31i3.11692.

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Ficin centre la hiérarchie universelle sur l’homme, au sens d’une âme raisonnable. Métaphysiquement, la description substantialiste qu’en donne Kristeller ne semble pas pouvoir se comprendre sans l’apport hénologique des hypostases et la transformation chrétienne de cet apport. Cassirer, Allen, Lohr et Bréhier permettent de mieux y cerner le rôle de l’amour et de la vie. Certains changements épistémologiques découlent de cette transformation métaphysique. Le rapport de Ficin à Descartes est éclairé.
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21

Marczuk, Barbara. "Morbus melancholicus : aperçu préliminaire (Pseudo-Aristote, Marsile Ficin, André Du Laurens)." Studia Litteraria 17, no. 1 (June 2, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843933st.22.002.15302.

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Morbus melancholicus: uwagi wstępne (Pseudo-Arystoteles, Marsilio Ficino, AndréDu Laurens) Od czasów Hipokratesa aż do XVIII wieku lekarze uważali melancholię za przewlekłą chorobę spowodowaną nadmiarem czarnej żółci (atra bilis), mitycznego „humoru”, którego istnienie obaliła medycyna naukowa. Artykuł opisuje etiologię, nozografię i terapię tej choroby przedstawione w traktacie André Du Laurensa Second discours auquel est traicté des maladies melancoliques et des moyens de les guerir (1597), a także koncepcje Marsilia Ficina wyrażone w De vita triplici (1489). Odwołując się do idei zawartych w Problemie XXX, przypisywanym Arystotelesowi, florencki filozof rozwija ideę związku między melancholijną predyspozycj ąhumoralną a geniuszem twórczym. Ficino proponuje zamianę szkodliwej siły melaina chole w twórczą energię – melancholia generosa. „Kapłani Muz” mogą uciec przed złym wpływem swojego patrona Saturna poprzez aktywność intelektualną i artystyczną. Morbus melancholicus: A Preliminary Overview (Pseudo-Aristotle, Marsilio Ficino, AndréDu Laurens). Since Hippocrates until the 18th century, physicians considered melancholy a chronic disease caused by the overabundance of black bile (atra bilis), mythical ‘humour’ whose existence is refuted by scientific medicine. The article describes the aetiology, nosography, and therapy of this disease, presented in André Du Laurens’ treatise Second discours auquel est traictédes maladies melancoliques et des moyens de les guerir (1597), as well as the conceptions of Marsilio Ficino expressed in De vita triplici (1489). Referring to the ideas contained in Problem XXX attributed to Aristotle, the Florentine philosopher develops the idea of the relationship between the melancholic humoral predisposition and the creative genius. Ficino proposes the conversion of the harmful force of melaina chole into creative energy: melancholia generosa. The ‘priests of the Muses’ can escape the evil influence of their patron Saturn through intellectual and artistic activity.
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22

Qurashi, Abdul Aal Farhan, and Ahmed Darwhish Jabbar. "Isolation, purification and partial characterization of ficin from Ficus carica latex." Journal of Wasit for Science and Medicine 2, no. 2 (October 3, 2022): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/jwsm.57.

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This study aimed at the isolation, purification and characterization of fig latex ficin. Samples were collected from fruit joint with the fig tree. Supernatant was decanted from fig latex after centrifugation at 3000 rpm which represents crude enzyme extract. Latex content was concentrated by sucrose powder. Purification steps were carried out with ion-exchange and gel filtration using DEAE- cellulose and sephadex G-50 columns respectively. Enzyme yield and purification folds were 51.688% and 15.635 respectively with specific activity 148.336 U/mg. By using gel filtration, molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 22.725 Da. The pH at which ficin showing activity ranged between 6-8.5. Ficin showed a good stability in pH ranging between 6-8. Optimum temperature for activity and stability were 50 C○ and 25-40 C○ respectively. Activation energy for substrate conversion of this enzyme was calculated to be 10.22 Kca/mol.
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23

Fang, Juanyan, Irfan Nazeer, Tabasam Rashid, and Jia-Bao Liu. "Connectivity and Wiener Index of Fuzzy Incidence Graphs." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (February 3, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6682966.

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Connectivity is a key theory in fuzzy incidence graphs FIGs . In this paper, we introduced connectivity index CI , average connectivity index ACI , and Wiener index WI of FIGs . Three types of nodes including fuzzy incidence connectivity enhancing node FICEN , fuzzy incidence connectivity reducing node FICRN , and fuzzy incidence connectivity neutral node FICNN are also discussed in this paper. A correspondence between WI and CI of a FIG is also computed.
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24

Klutstein, Ilana. "Marsile Ficin et Hermès Trismégiste. Quelques notes sur la traduction du Pimandre dans la Vulgata de Ficin." Renaissance and Reformation 26, no. 3 (January 31, 2009): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v26i3.11767.

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Björk, I., I. Brieditis, and M. Abrahamson. "Probing the functional role of the N-terminal region of cystatins by equilibrium and kinetic studies of the binding of Gly-11 variants of recombinant human cystatin C to target proteinases." Biochemical Journal 306, no. 2 (March 1, 1995): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3060513.

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The interaction between cystatin C variants, in which the evolutionarily conserved Gly-11 residue was substituted by Ala, Glu or Trp, and the cysteine proteinases, papain, ficin, actinidin and cathepsin B, was characterized. The substitutions reduced the affinity of binding in a manner consistent with the Gly residue of the wild-type inhibitor, allowing the N-terminal region to adopt a conformation that was optimal for interaction with target proteinases. Replacement of Gly-11 by Ala resulted in only a 5- to 100-fold reduction in binding affinity. Comparison with the affinities of wild-type cystatin C lacking the N-terminal region indicated that even this small structural change affects the conformation of this region sufficiently to largely abolish its interaction with the weakly binding proteinases, actinidin and cathepsin B. However, the substitution allows interactions of appreciable strength between the N-terminal region and the tightly binding enzymes, papain or ficin. Replacement of Gly-11 with the larger Glu and Trp residues substantially decreased the affinity of binding to all enzymes, from 10(3)- to 10(5)-fold. These substitutions further affect the conformation of the N-terminal region, so that interactions of this region with papain and ficin are also essentially eliminated. The decreased affinities of the three cystatin C variants for papain, ficin and actinidin were due exclusively to increased dissociation rate constants. In contrast, the decreased affinity between cathepsin B and the Ala-11 variant, the only one for which rate constants could be determined with this enzyme, was due almost entirely to a decreased association rate constant. This behaviour is analogous to that observed for forms of cystatin C lacking the N-terminal region and supports the conclusion that the mode of interaction of this region with target proteinases varies with the enzyme as a result of structural differences in the active-site region of the latter.
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Koroleva, Victoria, Svetlana Olshannikova, Marina Holyavka, Alexander Pashkov, and Valeriy Artyukhov. "Selection of the Optimal Medium for Adsorption of Plant Proteases." Chemistry Proceedings 2, no. 1 (November 9, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eccs2020-07525.

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Immobilized enzymes are the most sought-after preparations in the global market. They are used in medicine, veterinary medicine, the food industry, winemaking and brewing. The simplest method for immobilizing biocatalysts on insoluble carriers is the simple adsorption method. Its advantage is that it preserves the natural conformation of the enzyme, which slightly reduces its catalytic ability compared to the native form. In our study, we carried out the selection of optimal conditions for adsorption immobilization of acid-soluble chitosan (Mr = 350 kDa) enzymes of plant origin (ficin, papain and bromelain) on a matrix. Ficin (EC 3.4.22.3), papain (EC 3.4.22.2) and bromelain (EC 3.4.22.4) (Sigma) were chosen as the objects of study, azocasein (Sigma) was used as a substrate for hydrolysis and an acid-soluble high-molecular-weight chitosan (350 kDa) was used as an immobilization matrix, synthesized by Bioprogress CJSC. Suitable buffer systems for immobilization were identified by the optimal ratio of protein content and total and specific activity. Ficin is immobilized on a chitosan matrix using glycine buffer with a pH of 8.6. Glycine buffer with a pH of 8.6–10.5 is an optimal medium for sorption of papain on chitosan. Bromelain is immobilized on a chitosan matrix under Tris-glycine buffer with pH 8.5 conditions.
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Sorokin, Andrey V., Svetlana S. Olshannikova, Maria S. Lavlinskaya, Marina G. Holyavka, Dzhigangir A. Faizullin, Yuriy F. Zuev, and Valeriy G. Artukhov. "Chitosan Graft Copolymers with N-Vinylimidazole as Promising Matrices for Immobilization of Bromelain, Ficin, and Papain." Polymers 14, no. 11 (June 3, 2022): 2279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112279.

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This work aims to synthesize graft copolymers of chitosan and N-vinylimidazole (VI) with different compositions to be used as matrices for the immobilization of cysteine proteases—bromelain, ficin, and papain. The copolymers are synthesized by free radical solution copolymerization with a potassium persulfate-sodium metabisulfite blend initiator. The copolymers have a relatively high frequency of grafting and yields. All the synthesized graft copolymers are water-soluble, and their solutions are characterized by DLS and laser Doppler microelectrophoresis. The copolymers are self-assembled in aqueous solutions, and they have a cationic nature and pH-sensitivity correlating to the VI content. The FTIR data demonstrate that synthesized graft copolymers conjugate cysteine proteases. The synthesized copolymer adsorbs more enzyme macromolecules compared to non-modified chitosan with the same molecular weight. The proteolytic activity of the immobilized enzymes is increased up to 100% compared to native ones. The immobilized ficin retains up to 97% of the initial activity after a one-day incubation, the immobilized bromelain retains 69% of activity after a 3-day incubation, and the immobilized papain retains 57% of the initial activity after a 7-day incubation. Therefore, the synthesized copolymers can be used as matrices for the immobilization of bromelain, ficin, and papain.
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Siar, El-Hocine, Roberto Morellon-Sterling, Mohammed Nasreddine Zidoune, and Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente. "Use of glyoxyl-agarose immobilized ficin extract in milk coagulation: Unexpected importance of the ficin loading on the biocatalysts." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 144 (February 2020): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.140.

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Olshannikova, Svetlana S., Nataliya V. Malykhina, Maria S. Lavlinskaya, Andrey V. Sorokin, Nikolay E. Yudin, Yulia M. Vyshkvorkina, Anatoliy N. Lukin, Marina G. Holyavka, and Valeriy G. Artyukhov. "Novel Immobilized Biocatalysts Based on Cysteine Proteases Bound to 2-(4-Acetamido-2-sulfanilamide) Chitosan and Research on Their Structural Features." Polymers 14, no. 15 (August 8, 2022): 3223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14153223.

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Briefly, 2-(4-Acetamido-2-sulfanilamide) chitosan, which is a chitosan water-soluble derivative, with molecular weights of 200, 350, and 600 kDa, was successfully synthesized. The immobilization of ficin, papain, and bromelain was carried out by complexation with these polymers. The interaction mechanism of 2-(4-acetamido-2-sulfanilamide) chitosan with bromelain, ficin, and papain was studied using FTIR spectroscopy. It was found that the hydroxy, thionyl, and amino groups of 2-(4-acetamido-2-sulfanilamide) chitosan were involved in the complexation process. Molecular docking research showed that all amino acid residues of the active site of papain formed hydrogen bonds with the immobilization matrix, while only two catalytically valuable amino acid residues took part in the H-bond formation for bromelain and ficin. The spectral and in silico data were in good agreement with the catalytic activity evaluation data. Immobilized papain was more active compared to the other immobilized proteases. Moreover, the total and specific proteolytic activity of papain immobilized on the carrier with a molecular weight of 350 kDa were higher compared to the native one due to the hyperactivation. The optimal ratio of protein content (mg × g −1 of carrier), total activity (U × mL−1 of solution), and specific activity (U × mg−1 of protein) was determined for the enzymes immobilized on 2-(4-acetamido-2-sulfanilamide) chitosan with a molecular weight of 350 kDa.
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Zheng, Zhaojun, Man Wang, Jiaxin Li, Jinwei Li, and Yuanfa Liu. "Comparative assessment of physicochemical and antioxidative properties of mung bean protein hydrolysates." RSC Advances 10, no. 5 (2020): 2634–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra06468k.

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Two commercial plant proteases namely ficin and bromelain, were acquired to hydrolyze mung bean protein over 300 min hydrolysis, and the physicochemical and antioxidative properties of the obtained hydrolysates were investigated.
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Vaz Pinto, Maria José. "A Recepção ou a Invenção Ficiniana do “Amor Platónico”." Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy 7, no. 14 (1999): 51–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philosophica199971417.

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L’article vise montrer l’importance da la doctrine de l’amour dans la philosophie de Marsile Ficin, en partant du De Amore - Commentaire sur le Banquet de Platon. Quand on parle de “l’invention” ficinienne de l’amour platonique, on prétend souligner l’innovation introduite par Ficin dans sa réception du platonisme à la lumière d’autres traditions (hermétisme, néoplatonisme, christianisme). L’amour, en tant que “fureur divine” et force intermédiaire, permet l’accès à une sagesse qu’on ne peut obtenir par la voie de la connaissance. Pour revivre le platonisme, il faut lire Platon, mais il faut aussi revivre un style de vie philosophique: l’amour / amitié entre les membres de l’Académie florentine s’éloigne pourtant du modèle socratico-platonicien, en tant que l’object ultime de l’amour est l’amour réciproque et l’union avec Dieu constitue le telos naturel de l’âme humaine.
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Wang, Man, Zhaojun Zheng, Chunhuan Liu, Hong Sun, and Yuanfa Liu. "Investigating the calcium binding characteristics of black bean protein hydrolysate." Food & Function 11, no. 10 (2020): 8724–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0fo01708f.

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Ficin hydrolysate of black bean protein exhibited strong calcium binding capacity, which was further optimized by RSM, and the hydrolysate bound with calcium ions mainly via carboxyl oxygen atoms and amino nitrogen atoms.
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Vernier, Jean-Marie. "De l'influence d'Albert le Grand sur Marsile Ficin." Revue des sciences philosophiques et théologiques TOME 96, no. 2 (2012): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rspt.962.0269.

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34

Nassar, A. H., and H. J. Newbury. "Ficin Production by Callus Cultures of Ficus carica." Journal of Plant Physiology 131, no. 3-4 (December 1987): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(87)80157-8.

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35

Ma, Jui-Wen, Jen-Lin Hung, Masaru Takeuchi, Po-Chuen Shieh, and Chi-Ting Horng. "A New Pharmacological Vitreolysis through the Supplement of Mixed Fruit Enzymes for Patients with Ocular Floaters or Vitreous Hemorrhage-Induced Floaters." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 22 (November 13, 2022): 6710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226710.

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Purpose: Ocular floaters caused by vitreous degeneration or blood clots may interfere with various visual functions. Our study investigated the pharmacologic effects of oral supplementation of mixed fruit enzymes (MFEs) for treating spontaneous symptomatic vitreous opacities (SVOs) and those secondary to vitreous hemorrhage (VH). Methods: 224 patients with monocular symptomatic vitreous opacities (SVOs) were recruited between September and December 2017 and received oral supplementation of MFEs (190 mg bromelain, 95 mg papain, and 95 mg ficin) for 3 months in a double-blind clinical trial. Participants were divided according to the etiology of the SVOs, spontaneous (experiment 1) versus VH (experiment 2), and then randomly assigned into four treatments groups: one group received oral vitamin C, as a placebo; and the other 3 groups received 1 capsule per day (low dose), 2 capsules per day (middle dose), or 3 capsules per day (high dose) of MFEs. The number of SVOs was determined at baseline and then 1, 2, and 3 months after initiating treatment. Further, in cases secondary to VH, the changes in corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were assessed after 3 months. Second, we compared the free radical scavenging capabilities of each substance: vitamin C, bromelain, papain, ficin, and MFEs (combination of bromelain, papain, and ficin) by DDPH assay. Finally, SVOs-related symptoms and satisfaction with the treatments were evaluated at the last follow-up visit Results: In experiment 1, the disappearance rate of SVOs was 55%, 62.5%, and 70% after taking 1, 2, and 3 capsules daily, respectively (total p < 0.001), in a dose-dependent manner. In experiment 2, the disappearance rate of VH-induced SVOs was 18%, 25%, and 56% (p < 0.001) after 1, 2, and 3 capsules of the supplement daily, respectively. Additionally, the patients’ vision elevated from 0.63LogMAR to 0.19LogMAR (p = 0.008). Conclusions: A pharmacological approach using a high dose of oral supplementation with MFEs (bromelain, papain, and ficin) was effective in reducing vitreous opacities, even after intraocular hemorrhage. Furthermore, pharmacologic vitreolysis with MFEs supplementation showed high patient satisfaction, and also improved CDVA in patients with vitreous hemorrhage-induced floaters
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Huang, Zili, Yufang Yang, Yijuan Long, and Huzhi Zheng. "A colorimetric method for cysteine determination based on the peroxidase-like activity of ficin." Analytical Methods 10, no. 23 (2018): 2676–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay00707a.

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Monter, B., B. Herzog, P. Stehle, and P. Furst. "Kinetically controlled synthesis of dipeptides using ficin as biocatalyst." Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 14, no. 2 (October 1991): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-8744.1991.tb00173.x.

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The application of the sulfhydryl protease ficin as biocatalyst is proposed as a novel method for enzyme‐catalyzed synthesis of dipeptides. The negligible peptidase but considerable esterase activity at alkaline pH facilitated the kinetically controlled formation of peptide bonds by coupling the ester substrates Z‐Ala‐OMe and Z‐Gly‐OMe with L‐alanine, D‐alanine, L‐glutamine, D‐glutamine and L‐Cys(acetamidomethyl) respectively. The reaction is accomplished without the occurrence of secondary peptide hydrolysis. Under optimum reaction conditions (pH 9.2, high ratio nucleophile/carboxyl component, 4.8% ethanol, 40 degrees C), the peptide yields ranged from 5 to 91%, depending on the structure of the amino and/or carboxyl component. No racemization was observed in the enzymatic reaction. Application of short‐chain peptides has been advocated recently in clinical nutrition. Ficin‐catalyzed peptide synthesis might be an attractive biotechnological approach for the synthesis of suitable dipeptides in this respect.
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Hu, Ruijia, Gengjun Chen, and Yonghui Li. "Production and Characterization of Antioxidative Hydrolysates and Peptides from Corn Gluten Meal Using Papain, Ficin, and Bromelain." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 7, 2020): 4091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184091.

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There has been a growing interest in developing natural antioxidants with high efficiency and low cost. Bioactive protein hydrolysates could be a potential source of natural and safer antioxidants. The objectives of this study were to hydrolyze corn gluten meal using three plant-derived proteases, namely papain, ficin, and bromelain, to produce antioxidative hydrolysates and peptides and to characterize the antioxidant performances using both chemical assays and a ground meat model. The optimum hydrolysis time for papain was 3 h, and for ficin and bromelain was 4 h. The hydrolysates were further separated by sequential ultrafiltration to 5 hydrolysate fractions named F1 to F5 from low molecular weight (MW) (<1 kDa) to high MW range (>10 kDa), which were further characterized for TPC, free radical scavenging capacity against DPPH and ABTS, and metal chelating activity. The fraction F4 produced by papain (CH-P4), F1 produced by ficin (CH-F1), and F3 produced by bromelain (CH-B3) showed the strongest antioxidant activity and yield, respectively. These three fractions were incorporated into ground pork to determine their inhibition effects on lipid oxidation during a 16-day storage period. The inhibition effect was enhanced with the addition of higher amount of hydrolysate (e.g., 1000 vs. 500 mg/kg). The CH-P4 reduced lipid oxidation in ground meat by as much as 30.45%, and CH-B3 reduced oxidation by 27.2% at the same level, but the inhibition was only 13.83% with 1000 mg/kg of CH-F1. The study demonstrated that CGM protein hydrolysates and peptides could be used as naturally derived antioxidant in retarding lipid oxidation and improving product storage stability.
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Szerszunowicz, Iwona, and Szymon Kozicki. "Plant-Derived Proteins and Peptides as Potential Immunomodulators." Molecules 29, no. 1 (December 29, 2023): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29010209.

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The immune response of humans may be modulated by certain biopeptides. The present study aimed to determine the immunomodulatory potential of plant-derived food proteins and hydrolysates obtained from these proteins via monocatalytic in silico hydrolysis (using ficin, stem bromelainm or pepsin (pH > 2)). The scope of this study included determinations of the profiles of select bioactivities of proteins before and after hydrolysis and computations of the frequency of occurrence of selected bioactive fragments in proteins (parameter A), frequency/relative frequency of the release of biopeptides (parameters AE, W) and the theoretical degree of hydrolysis (DHt), by means of the resources and programs available in the BIOPEP-UWM database. The immunomodulating (ImmD)/immunostimulating (ImmS) peptides deposited in the database were characterized as well (ProtParam tool). Among the analyzed proteins of cereals and legumes, the best precursors of ImmD immunopeptides (YG, YGG, GLF, TPRK) turned out to be rice and garden pea proteins, whereas the best precursors of ImmS peptides appeared to be buckwheat (GVM, GFL, EAE) and broad bean (LLY, EAE) proteins. The highest number of YG sequences was released by stem bromelain upon the simulated hydrolysis of rice proteins (AE = 0.0010–0.0820, W = 0.1994–1.0000, DHt = 45–82%). However, antibacterial peptides (IAK) were released by ficin only from rice, oat, and garden pea proteins (DHt = 41–46%). Biopeptides (YG, IAK) identified in protein hydrolysates are potential immunomodulators, nutraceuticals, and components of functional food that may modulate the activity of the human immune system. Stem bromelain and ficin are also active components that are primed to release peptide immunomodulators from plant-derived food proteins.
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Joost-Gaugier, Christiane L., Maria Grazia Pernis, and Francois Roudaut. "Le Platonisme de Marsile Ficin et la Cour d'Urbin." Sixteenth Century Journal 29, no. 4 (1998): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2543378.

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Aleem Sidek, Nabilah Abdul, Adyani Azizah Abdul Halim, Habsah Abdul Kadir, and Saad Tayyab. "Structural stability of commercial ficin under different denaturing conditions." Turkish Journal of Biochemistry 38, no. 3 (2013): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/tjb.2013.33043.

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Lynn, K. R., and N. A. Clevette-Radford. "Ficin E, a serine-centred protease from Ficus elastica." Phytochemistry 25, no. 7 (January 1986): 1559–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)81208-x.

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Dar-Fu Tai, Hui-Yao Huang, and Ching-Chong Huang. "Immobilized ficin catalyzed synthesis of peptides in organic solvent." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 5, no. 14 (July 1995): 1475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-894x(95)00240-t.

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44

Tahsiri, Z., M. Niakousari, and A. Niakowsari. "Magnetic graphene oxide, a suitable support in ficin immobilization." Heliyon 9, no. 6 (June 2023): e16971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16971.

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Fukal, L., and E. Kasafirek. "Sensitive Assay of Cysteine Proteinases Using new Peptide P‐Nitroanilides." Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 10, no. 5 (October 1988): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-8744.1988.tb00037.x.

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N‐Succinyl‐glycyl‐leucyl‐cystein(S‐benzyl) p‐nitroanilide and N‐succinyl‐leucyl‐leucyl‐cystein(S‐benzyl) p‐nitroanilide were found to be very sensitive substrates for the assay of papain, ficin, and bromelain. These p‐nitroanilides were hydrolyzed only very slightly by chymotrypsin, but not detectably by trypsin.
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46

Bolonyai, Gábor. "A görög költők tízes kánonja a Corvina-könyvtárban." Magyar Könyvszemle 136, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 97–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.17167/mksz.2020.2.97-124.

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L’étude est la suite du texte intitulé Les trois vates ancestraux de la bibliothèque Corvina, dans lequel j’ai analysé l’unique description contemporaine de la collection : celle du florentin Naldo Naldi mettant en valeur l’importance de la bibliothèque royale. Dans ma présente étude je m’intéresse au groupe de dix poètes grecs, qui – selon l’indication de Naldi – occupent les places les plus illustres de la collection royale. Quelle est l’origine de ce canon décimal des auteurs les plus illustres ? Quelles considérations ont amené Naldi à sélectionner précisément ces dix auteurs ? Je m’efforce de prouver que le facteur principal a été l’influence directe et indirecte de Ficin. Quant à Ficin, il reprend l’évaluation de Platon au sujet de la poésie en général et des poètes grecs. L’on peut donc dire que dans les portraits fournis par Naldi s’incarnent les idées typiques de la conception néoplatonique florentine de la poésie. L’ouvrage de Naldi est donc un document majeur de la réception au 15e siècle de la littérature grecque (et romaine) : il complète les initiatives attribuées à Politien, Landino et Fonzio.
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Goncharova, Svetlana S., Ekaterina A. Shchegolevatykh, Dmitry A. Zhukalin, Marina G. Holyavka, and Valery G. Artyukhov. "Biocatalysts based on complexes of carbon nanomaterials with cysteine proteases." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 25, no. 3 (July 7, 2023): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2023.25/11257.

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The purpose of the research is to develop and study biocatalysts based on complexes of cysteine proteases with fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. During the formation of ficin complexes with fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, the activity of hybrid preparations was 70 and 45%, respectively. During the formation of papain complexes with fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, the proteolytic ability of the enzyme remained at the same level for the samples with fullerene and decreased by 27% for the preparations with carbon nanotubes. The formation of bromelain complexes with fullerenes and carbon nanotubes contributed to a decrease in the proteolytic activity of the biocatalyst by 18 and 48% as compared to the free enzyme. While determining the stability of complexes of nanomaterials and cysteine proteases during a 7-day incubation in 0.05 M tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5) at 37 °C, we noticed a decrease in the proteolytic activity of the samples. Complexation with carbon nanoparticles and fullerenes increased the stability of ficin and bromelain, while the stability of papain in the complexes remained unchanged
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Keshavarz, M., A. Niasari-Naslaji, H. Zare, S. Ziapour, M. Mirtavoosi, M. Omidi, A. Kalantari, and A. A. Moosavi-Movahedi. "Effect of ficin enzyme on semen viscosity in dromedary camel." Journal of Camel Practice and Research 23, no. 2 (2016): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2016.00037.0.

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Chiang, Chui-Liang, Ya-Min Chang, Chen-Tien Chang, and Hsien-Yi Sung. "Characterization of a Chitosanase Isolated from a Commercial Ficin Preparation." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53, no. 19 (September 2005): 7579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf040472n.

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50

Fu, Jian-Ping, Na Gao, Yang Yang, Zhi Guan, and Yan-Hong He. "Ficin-catalyzed asymmetric aldol reactions of heterocyclic ketones with aldehydes." Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic 97 (December 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.06.016.

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