Journal articles: 'Fidelity to nature'

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Borgmann, A. "Gender, Nature, and Fidelity." Ethics and the Environment 4, no. 2 (1999): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1085-6633(00)88416-8.

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Grusin, Richard A. "Representing Yellowstone: Photography, Loss, and Fidelity to Nature." Configurations 3, no. 3 (1995): 415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/con.1995.0027.

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Li, Hui, Zhiguo Huang, Xiao Liu, Chenbo Zeng, and Peng Zou. "Multi-fidelity meta-optimization for nature inspired optimization algorithms." Applied Soft Computing 96 (November 2020): 106619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106619.

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Wolery, Mark. "Intervention Research." Topics in Early Childhood Special Education 31, no. 3 (May 25, 2011): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271121411408621.

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In this commentary, the issue of fidelity assessment is addressed as it relates to Strain and Bovey’s article (2011). Four reasons are provided for measuring fidelity in intervention studies. Measuring fidelity (a) potentially allows investigators to document the findings were not due to the lack of fidelity in a study; (b) presents information about how transportable interventions are to the real world; (c) provides information for replication studies; and (d) sheds light on the nature of children’s experiences in the study.

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Rao, Lei, and Larry Owen. "Validation of High-Fidelity Traffic Simulation Models." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1710, no. 1 (January 2000): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1710-08.

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A multistage validation framework that accounts for the realistic nature of traffic simulation output data is proposed. The framework consists of conceptual validation and operational validation. The operational validation comprises a qualitative approach, which involves static and animated Turing tests, and a quantitative approach, which involves three levels of statistical tests. Particularly in the third-level statistical test, the autocorrelation and nonstationary nature of traffic simulation output data is emphasized, its implications on validation methods are explored, and a univariate nonseasonal autoregressive-integrated-moving-average (ARIMA) modeling approach is proposed. Finally, numerical results for an actual freeway network are presented. The validation results illustrate that the proposed multistage validation procedure can account for the complexity of the validation task and its conclusions.

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Flannigan, Robert. "Constructing an Employee Duty of Fidelity?" Business Law Review 37, Issue 2 (April 1, 2016): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2016010.

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What is the nature of the duty of fidelity? Is it just a confused replication of status fiduciary accountability or is it something more? One writer recently has argued that the duty of fidelity developed independently from fiduciary accountability and performs functions beyond the control of employee opportunism. That analysis is reviewed here. The historical arguments are found to be defective and the content claims opaque. We are left to wonder how the supposed duty uniquely regulates employee conduct.

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Kautz, Tiffany, and Naomi Forrester. "RNA Virus Fidelity Mutants: A Useful Tool for Evolutionary Biology or a Complex Challenge?" Viruses 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10110600.

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RNA viruses replicate with low fidelity due to the error-prone nature of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which generates approximately one mutation per round of genome replication. Due to the large population sizes produced by RNA viruses during replication, this results in a cloud of closely related virus variants during host infection, of which small increases or decreases in replication fidelity have been shown to result in virus attenuation in vivo, but not typically in vitro. Since the discovery of the first RNA virus fidelity mutants during the mid-aughts, the field has exploded with the identification of over 50 virus fidelity mutants distributed amongst 7 RNA virus families. This review summarizes the current RNA virus fidelity mutant literature, with a focus upon the definition of a fidelity mutant as well as methods to confirm any mutational changes associated with the fidelity mutant. Due to the complexity of such a definition, in addition to reports of unstable virus fidelity phenotypes, the future translational utility of these mutants and applications for basic science are examined.

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Parzyszek, Magdalena. "Fidelity as a Value in the Opinion of Fiancees in the Light of the Pilot Study." Roczniki Pedagogiczne 14, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rped22144.5.

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The puropse of this article is to present the views of brides on fidelity as a value. The article is in the form of a communication from the conducted research, which was of a pilot nature. The subject of studying the presented research was the value of fidelity in the opinion of people preparing for marriage.

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Nicolae, Cristina. "From Fidelity to Creativity: Translating Book Titles." Romanian Journal of English Studies 18, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjes-2021-0015.

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Abstract The present paper reflects our interest and research in the field of marketing translation and addresses the pragmatic nature of title translation for literary works, continuing the analysis of two translation pillars we work with, as previously employed in a study we published on film title translation. As such, “fidelity” and “creativity” would frame the dynamic exchange that authenticates the linguistic particularization of titles as reader-oriented or content-oriented while making use of translation methods and procedures.

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Ewing, Benjamin. "Conventionality, Disagreement, and Fidelity." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 30, no. 1 (February 2017): 97–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjlj.2017.5.

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Legal philosophers have taken what Ronald Dworkin called “theoretical disagreement” or disagreement about the “grounds of law,” to be of jurisprudential interest because of its putative incompatibility with legal positivism. The first aim of this article is to reframe theoretical disagreement as part of a broader challenge for all jurisprudential theories, positivist or not: how to refine and reconcile three theses that should appear plausible, important, and in tension. (1) Conventionality: the content of the law is determined, presumptively if not definitively, by meta-rules of law whose status as meta-rules arises from a consensus among relevant legal actors to treat them as having that status. (2) Disagreement: judges have theoretical disagreements about the law-i.e., disagreements about such meta-rules of law as legal interpretive methods, which they do not attempt to resolve merely by reference to explicit or implicit empirical consensus. (3) Fidelity: judges’ theoretical disagreements can be in good faith, reasonable, and legally resolvable. The article’s second ambition is to synthesize a broad range of jurisprudential writing pertinent to conventionality, theoretical disagreement, and judicial fidelity to law, in order to bring forward a potential reconciliation of all three that gives each one its due. Law and the requirements of judicial fidelity can be broadly conventional yet subject to reasonable, genuinely “theoretical disagreement” insofar as they are determined not only by contingent empirical truths about convergent practice but also by non-contingent conceptual truths about law’s nature and distinctive virtues. Unlike accounts of theoretical disagreement developed by theorists attacking or defending legal positivism, the view of theoretical disagreement I sketch here is ecumenical. It is compatible with accepting or rejecting legal positivism-though not on all positivists’ or all non-positivists’ terms.

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Delehanty, David J., Sid S. Eaton, and Thomas G. Campbell. "Mountain quail fidelity to guzzlers in the Mojave Desert." Wildlife Society Bulletin 32, no. 2 (June 2004): 588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[588:ftfmqf]2.0.co;2.

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Li, Sheng Hao, Xiao Bing Wu, Chong Fu Huang, and Hong Lei Wang. "Bifurcation Research Two-Dimensional XYX Quantum Model Based on Fidelity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 1764–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1764.

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For two-dimensional XYX quantum model, iPEPS algorithm can select randomly initial state evolution, and get two degenerate symmetric broken ground state wave functions. In the quantum model, not only bifurcation behavior of ground state fidelity can be used, but bifurcation behavior of reduced density matrix fidelity can also be used to determine the phase transition point and its type caused by spontaneous broken symmetry of quantum of the system. Therefore, spontaneous symmetry breaking based on fidelity bifurcation can determine quantum phase transition one quantum system had gone through. This nature provides a method to further study quantum critical phenomena in quantum multibody system

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Evans, Nicole M., and William P. Stewart. "The Role of Naturalness in Ecological Restoration." Nature and Culture 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 232–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2018.130203.

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While ecological restoration may help bridge the nature-culture gap, restoration still holds relevant meanings for naturalness, as demonstrated in this case study of staff and volunteers in the Cook County Forest Preserves (CCFP) in Illinois, United States. Translating naturalness as an agency policy into restoration goals for sites, CCFP integrated historical evidence, ecological science, and human values. Naturalness was constructed as historical fidelity, a scientific designation to be objectively discovered, while the scales at which people interpreted historical fidelity, namely, species, communities, processes, and practices, were sites of value deliberation. The multiple renderings of naturalness can be a strength that provides flexibility to restore what is locally valued, constructing restoration projects that acknowledge, rather than attempt to overcome, the constructed nature of naturalness.

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Wu, Jun-Yi. "Adaptive State Fidelity Estimation for Higher Dimensional Bipartite Entanglement." Entropy 22, no. 8 (August 12, 2020): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22080886.

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An adaptive method for quantum state fidelity estimation in bipartite higher dimensional systems is established. This method employs state verifier operators which are constructed by local POVM operators and adapted to the measurement statistics in the computational basis. Employing this method, the state verifier operators that stabilize Bell-type entangled states are constructed explicitly. Together with an error operator in the computational basis, one can estimate the lower and upper bounds on the state fidelity for Bell-type entangled states in few measurement configurations. These bounds can be tighter than the fidelity bounds derived in [Bavaresco et al., Nature Physics (2018), 14, 1032–1037], if one constructs more than one local POVM measurements additional to the measurement in the computational basis.

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George, Lindsey, Sean Kidd, Maria Wong, Rachel Harvey, and Gina Browne. "ACT Fidelity in Ontario: Measuring Adherence to the Model." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 29, S5 (January 1, 2010): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2010-0036.

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The province of Ontario, Canada, with a population of 13 million people, has a large Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) program. Despite the large uptake of ACT in Ontario, to date there has been no comprehensive evaluation of the degree to which the model has been successfully implemented. This project assessed the fidelity of 67 ACT teams (85%) in the province using the Dartmouth Assertive Community Treatment Scale. Scores fell in the high fidelity range in the human resources and organizational boundaries domains, and in the medium fidelity range for the nature of services domain. Areas requiring more attention include achievement of higher caseloads; recruitment and retention of staff (specifically vocational, substance abuse, and psychiatry staff); and key areas of recovery, specifically employment and substance abuse.

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Li, J. X., Z. M. Wang, S. S. Shi, Y. N. Li, R. M. Shang, and Y. J. Gu. "Fidelity optimized multiparty quantum teleportation protocol with quantum Shor codes and OSPF method in imperfect local operations." Europhysics Letters 140, no. 5 (December 1, 2022): 58001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/aca2d6.

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Abstract Relying on the probabilistic nature and entanglement property of quantum state, quantum communication will support the theoretically unconditional security and computational efficiency beyond that of classical communication. In this article, we present a fidelity optimized quantum teleportation protocol for multiparty quantum network communication. Firstly, a special transmission mechanism ensures the secure establishment of the channel between the communicators. Secondly, the quantum information is encoded by Shor codes to resist channel noise. Thirdly, the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) method is of help for establishing the channel between non-adjacent communicators. In this protocol, the special transmission mechanism guarantees the security of quantum communication. The Shor codes improve the fidelity of quantum information. The OSPF method ensures efficient transmission. The effectiveness of the protocol is verified by experiments. Experimental results show that this protocol provides effective qubit fidelity improvements within the range of noise thresholds of . Compared with existing quantum communication protocols, this protocol has better reliability and fidelity performance.

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Zhang, Zhenyu, Anas Chaaban, and Lutz Lampe. "Physical layer security in light-fidelity systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2169 (March 2, 2020): 20190193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0193.

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Light-fidelity (LiFi) is a light-based wireless communication technology which can complement radio-frequency (RF) communication technologies for indoor applications. Although LiFi signals are spatially more contained than RF signals, the broadcasting nature of LiFi also makes it susceptible to eavesdropping. Therefore, it is important to secure the transmitted data against potential eavesdroppers. In this paper, an overview of the recent developments pertaining to LiFi physical layer security (PLS) is provided, and the main differences between LiFi PLS and RF PLS are explained. LiFi achievable secrecy rates and upper bounds are then investigated under practical channel models and transmission schemes. Beamforming and jamming, which received significant research attention recently as a means to achieve PLS in LiFi, are also investigated under indoor illumination constraints. Finally, future research directions of interest in LiFi PLS are identified and discussed. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.

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Zimmerman, Greg. "Tuned to the Forces of Nature." Mechanical Engineering 132, no. 05 (May 1, 2010): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2010-may-5.

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This article discusses the importance and need of bearing simulation models for designing efficient and high-performing bearing systems. Bearings play a key role in ensuring critical rotating parts spin freely under all operating conditions. Yet bearings remain among the more difficult components to model accurately. Bearings are a key component in industrial gears, but they are rarely modeled with any fidelity. Most simulations rely on simplified bearing models or simply assume rotating parts will spin perfectly. Accurate and validated bearing models must represent many rotating and interacting components. They must also consider complex boundary conditions, since bearing performance is highly dependent on the application and its operating environment. Many different system design and operating parameters influence the performance of bearings. Some can be controlled during operation. Others cannot, but may still have a significant impact on system performance. Design for Six Sigma enables engineers to gain insight into these parameters by designing experiments for virtual testing.

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Baig, M. Amir, Athar A. Moinuddin, and Ekram Khan. "Real-Time Fidelity Measurement of JPEG2000 Coded Images." International Journal of Image and Graphics 19, no. 01 (January 2019): 1950005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467819500050.

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The progressive nature of the JPEG2000 coded bitstream allows the reconstruction of images of different qualities from a single coded bitstream. This feature is utilized in this work to estimate the mean-squared-error (MSE) of reconstructed images without requiring the original image. It is based on the fact that if the MSE between the original image and a lower quality image is known, the MSE for higher quality images can be estimated from a quality scalable bitstream. The proposed method is highly accurate and is very simple as no complex statistical modeling is needed. Therefore, it is suitable to measure the fidelity of JPEG2000 decoded images at any desired quality in a real-time scenario.

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Hou, Ruizheng. "The Mechanistic Integration and Thermodynamic Optimality of a Nanomotor." Symmetry 14, no. 2 (February 19, 2022): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14020416.

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The performance of artificial nanomotors is still far behind nature-made biomolecular motors. A mechanistic disparity between the two categories exists: artificial motors often rely on a single mechanism to rectify directional motion, but biomotors integrate multiple mechanisms for better performance. This study proposes a design for a motor-track system and shows that by introducing asymmetric compound foot-track interactions, both selective foot detachment and biased foot-track binding arise from the mechanics of the system. The two mechanisms are naturally integrated to promote the motility of the motor towards being unidirectional, while each mechanism alone only achieves 50% directional fidelity at most. Based on a reported theory, the optimization of the motor is conducted via maximizing the directional fidelity. Along the optimization, the directional fidelity of the motor is raised by parameters that concentrate more energy on driving selective-foot detachment and biased binding, which in turn promotes work production due to the two energies converting to work via a load attached. However, the speed of the motor can drop significantly after the optimization because of energetic competition between speed and directional fidelity, which causes a speed-directional fidelity tradeoff. As a case study, these results test thermodynamic correlation between the performances of a motor and suggest that directional fidelity is an important quantity for motor optimization.

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Frank, Eva M., Jennifer Doherty-Restrepo, Lisa Roberts, and Alicia Montalvo. "Simulation-Based Instruction in Continuing Education." Athletic Training Education Journal 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/150117069.

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Context The results of this study will provide direction for integrating simulation into continuing professional education (CPE) for athletic trainers (ATs). Objective Compare the effects of 2 simulation techniques on knowledge and skill acquisition of a cardiovascular assessment. Design Randomized pretest-posttest design. Setting Continuing professional education course hosted at a simulation center. Patients or Other Participants Athletic trainers recruited to a CPE course. Twenty-two (age 22–49) of 30 ATs attended, consented, and completed the course. Participants were randomly assigned to a high-fidelity (12 participants) or low-fidelity (10 participants) group. Intervention(s) High-fidelity and low-fidelity simulation. Main Outcome Measures(s) A 31-question knowledge examination and a 4-station objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) measured knowledge and clinical skills, and specifically the ability to identify heart sounds as part of a comprehensive cardiovascular assessment. Results From pretest to posttest, all participants significantly improved knowledge (P < .001), clinical skills (P < .001), and heart-sound identification skill (P = .010). The high-fidelity group scored significantly higher (P = .48) than the low-fidelity group on the clinical skills portion of the OSCE. Conclusions Both simulation types can be used in CPE courses for ATs to reinforce the knowledge and skills that are a part of a cardiovascular assessment. High-fidelity simulation improved skill more than low-fidelity simulation because of the active nature of the intervention. Baseline scores were low, thereby strengthening the value to offer CPE to ATs specifically on the elements of conducting a comprehensive cardiovascular assessment. Adding a pretest can help identify knowledge and skill deficits before CPE participation.

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Broderick, Annette C., Michael S. Coyne, Wayne J. Fuller, Fiona Glen, and Brendan J. Godley. "Fidelity and over-wintering of sea turtles." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1617 (April 24, 2007): 1533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0211.

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While fidelity to breeding sites is well demonstrated in marine turtles, emerging knowledge of migratory routes and key foraging sites is of limited conservation value unless levels of fidelity can be established. We tracked green ( Chelonia mydas , n =10) and loggerhead ( Caretta caretta , n =10) turtles during their post-nesting migration from the island of Cyprus to their foraging grounds. After intervals of 2–5 years, five of these females were recaptured at the nesting beach and tracked for a second migration. All five used highly similar migratory routes to return to the same foraging and over-wintering areas. None of the females visited other foraging habitats over the study period (units lasted on average 305 days; maximum, 1356 days), moving only to deeper waters during the winter months where they demonstrated extremely long resting dives of up to 10.2 h (the longest breath-holding dive recorded for a marine vertebrate). High levels of fidelity and the relatively discrete nature of the home ranges demonstrate that protection of key migratory pathways, foraging and over-wintering sites can serve as an important tool for the future conservation of marine turtles.

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Sprange, Kirsty, Gail Mountain, and Claire Craig. "Evaluation of intervention fidelity of a complex psychosocial intervention Lifestyle Matters: a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 11, no. 4 (April 2021): e043478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043478.

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ObjectivesRobust research of complex interventions designed to promote mental well-being in later life is required to inform service development. An essential component is ensuring that such interventions are delivered as intended. We present a detailed description of the design and implementation of a fidelity assessment within a trial of one such intervention (Lifestyle Matters). The findings help to explain the trial results and also inform the design of embedded fidelity assessments within future evaluations of complex interventions.DesignWe conducted a mixed-method fidelity assessment embedded as part of a multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled trial. A conceptual fidelity framework was developed from the Behaviour Change Consortium framework. From this the fidelity assessment was designed. The resulting instrument assessed the following parameters: intervention design, training, supervision; and delivery, receipt and enactment of the intervention.InterventionThe Lifestyle Matters intervention was designed to assist older people to improve and sustain mental well-being through participation in meaningful activity. The aim is to enable participants to engage in both new and neglected activities through a mix of facilitated group meetings and individual sessions.ResultsThe fidelity assessment demonstrated that the intervention was delivered as per protocol for the group component and was tailored to meet individual needs. There was substantial inter-rater agreement for training; and group member performance 0.72; and moderate agreement for facilitator performance 0.55. It was not possible to determine whether small declines seen in facilitator performance were due to facilitator drift or moderating factors such as group dynamics or participant characteristics.ConclusionsThe assessment methods adequately measured criteria identified as being significant indicators of fidelity. Adherence during training, delivery and supervision was good. The subjective nature of identification and rating observed behaviours was the main challenge. Future research should explore alternative methods of assessing fidelity in trials of complex interventions.Trial registration numberISRCTN67209155.

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Boyer, Paul L., and Stephen H. Hughes. "Effects of Amino Acid Substitutions at Position 115 on the Fidelity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase." Journal of Virology 74, no. 14 (July 15, 2000): 6494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.14.6494-6500.2000.

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ABSTRACT We compared the fidelity of wild-type human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) and two RT mutants, Y115F and Y115V. Although neither mutation had a large effect on the overall fidelity of the enzyme, both mutations altered the spectrum of mutations and the precise nature of the mutational hot spots. The effects of Y115V were greater than those of Y115F. When we compared the behavior of the wild-type enzyme with published data, we found that, in contrast to what has been published, misalignment/slippage could account for only a small fraction of the mutations we observed. We also found that a preponderance of the mutations (both transitions and transversions) resulted in the insertion of an A. Because we were measuring DNA-dependent DNA synthesis (plus-strand synthesis), this bias could contribute to the A-rich nature of the HIV-1 genome.

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Viana, Felipe A. C., Valder Steffen, Sergio Butkewitsch, and Marcus de Freitas Leal. "Optimization of aircraft structural components by using nature-inspired algorithms and multi-fidelity approximations." Journal of Global Optimization 45, no. 3 (December 7, 2008): 427–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10898-008-9383-x.

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Li, Ming, Shao-Ming Fei, and Xianqing Li-Jost. "Quantum Entanglement: Separability, Measure, Fidelity of Teleportation, and Distillation." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2010 (2010): 1–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/301072.

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Quantum entanglement plays crucial roles in quantum information processing. Quantum entangled states have become the key ingredient in the rapidly expanding field of quantum information science. Although the nonclassical nature of entanglement has been recognized for many years, considerable efforts have been taken to understand and characterize its properties recently. In this review, we introduce some recent results in the theory of quantum entanglement. In particular separability criteria based on the Bloch representation, covariance matrix, normal form and entanglement witness, lower bounds, subadditivity property of concurrence and tangle, fully entangled fraction related to the optimal fidelity of quantum teleportation, and entanglement distillation will be discussed in detail.

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Roy, Rhombik, Camille Lévêque, Axel U. J. Lode, Arnaldo Gammal, and Barnali Chakrabarti. "Fidelity and Entropy Production in Quench Dynamics of Interacting Bosons in an Optical Lattice." Quantum Reports 1, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 304–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quantum1020028.

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We investigate the dynamics of a few bosons in an optical lattice induced by a quantum quench of a parameter of the many-body Hamiltonian. The evolution of the many-body wave function is obtained by solving the time-dependent many-body Schrödinger equation numerically, using the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method for bosons (MCTDHB). We report the time evolution of three key quantities, namely, the occupations of the natural orbitals, that is, the eigenvalues of the one-body reduced density matrix, the many-body Shannon information entropy, and the quantum fidelity for a wide range of interactions. Our key motivation is to characterize relaxation processes where various observables of an isolated and interacting quantum many-body system dynamically converge to equilibrium values via the quantum fidelity and via the production of many-body entropy. The interaction, as a parameter, can induce a phase transition in the ground state of the system from a superfluid (SF) state to a Mott-insulator (MI) state. We show that, for a quench to a weak interaction, the fidelity remains close to unity and the entropy exhibits oscillations. Whereas for a quench to strong interactions (SF to MI transition), the relaxation process is characterized by the first collapse of the quantum fidelity and entropy saturation to an equilibrium value. The dip and the non-analytic nature of quantum fidelity is a hallmark of dynamical quantum phase transitions. We quantify the characteristic time at which the quantum fidelity collapses and the entropy saturates.

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Safine, DE, MS Lindberg, KH Martin, SL Talbot, TR Swem, JM Pearce, NC Stellrecht, et al. "Use of genetic mark-recapture to estimate breeding site fidelity and philopatry in a threatened sea duck population, Alaska-breeding Steller’s eiders." Endangered Species Research 41 (April 9, 2020): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr01026.

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The Steller’s eider Polysticta stelleri is a sea duck that breeds in Arctic tundra regions of Russia and Alaska (USA). The Alaska-breeding population is listed as ‘threatened’ under the US Endangered Species Act because of a perceived contraction of the breeding range in North America. Understanding demography of the listed population is critical for evaluating measures that can lead to increased abundance and thus, long-term viability. Specifically, estimates of return rates to breeding areas by adult females and natal areas by juvenile females are needed for planning effective recovery actions. We used a suite of polymorphic loci to genotype individuals and generated genetic profiles of nesting females and female offspring from nest materials collected between 1995 and 2016 in a ~170 km2 study area near Utqiagvik, Alaska. We analyzed capture histories of genetically identified individuals to estimate breeding site fidelity, temporary emigration, and philopatry. From a sample of 365 nests, we found that breeding site fidelity of adult females was high (0.91 ± 0.07 SE), and temporary emigration was also high (0.77 ± 0.06) and annually variable (range 0.34-0.97). From egg shell remains of 124 hatched females, we observed 9 recaptures as nesting adults, suggesting that philopatry was also high (range 0.6-1.0). Given the relatively high rates of adult female breeding site fidelity and female philopatry that we estimated, management actions that reduce mortality of adult females and increase annual productivity are likely to help maintain the population of a few hundred breeding Steller’s eiders on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska.

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Carr, Drew, Pamela Ebstyne King, and Adrienne Maddix Meier. "Purpose and Spirituality: Exploring the Role of Fidelity in Diverse Adolescents." Journal of Youth Development 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2014.56.

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Purpose is understood to reflect young people’s stable and generalized commitments to accomplish meaningful activity and contribute productively to society. Religion has been linked with purpose; however, the nature of this relationship is not well understood. Given that purpose and religion involve beliefs and devotion, the current study examined fidelity as a means of understanding this relationship in a group of religiously and culturally diverse youth from around the world. The participants were 30 adolescents aged 12-21 (M = 17.73 years) nominated for living with profound spirituality in their community. Consensual qualitative research (CQR) strategies were used. Analysis revealed that 29 of the participants reported a sense of purpose and all 30 participants described some aspect of fidelity that involved (a) beliefs, (b) values, (c) morals, and (d) resolute commitment. These findings highlight the centrality of fidelity as a link between religion and purpose among diverse youth. Future directions for research and practice are discussed.

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Perfect, P., E. Timson, M. D. White, G. D. Padfield, R. Erdos, and A. W. Gubbels. "A rating scale for the subjective assessment of simulation fidelity." Aeronautical Journal 118, no. 1206 (August 2014): 953–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000009635.

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AbstractA new rating scale for capturing pilot subjective assessment of simulation fidelity is described in this paper. The scale has been developed through a series of flight and simulation trials using six test pilots from a variety of backgrounds, and is based on the methodology utilised with the Cooper-Harper Handling Qualities Rating scale and the concepts of transfer of training, comparative task performance and task strategy adaptation. The development of the new rating scale has been undertaken using simulations of rotary-wing aircraft on the University of Liverpool’s HELIFLIGHT-R research simulator, in conjunction with the Canadian Flight Research Laboratory’s Bell 412 ASRA in-flight simulator. The utility of the scale applied to locating fidelity boundaries for quantitative metrics is illustrated for an inter-axis coupling criterion. The work described in this paper is preliminary in nature, and research activities are on-going to continue the validation of the fidelity rating scale.

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ZIMPFER, NATHAN L., and MICHAEL J. CONROY. "Modeling Movement and Fidelity of American Black Ducks." Journal of Wildlife Management 70, no. 6 (December 2006): 1770–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541x(2006)70[1770:mmafoa]2.0.co;2.

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Larkin, Jeffery L., John J. Cox, Michael W. Wichrowski, Matthew R. Dzialak, and David S. Maehr. "Influences on Release-Site Fidelity of Translocated Elk." Restoration Ecology 12, no. 1 (March 2004): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00231.x.

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Dyke, Fred G. Van, Wendi C. Klein, and Shawn T. Stewart. "Long-Term Range Fidelity in Rocky Mountain Elk." Journal of Wildlife Management 62, no. 3 (July 1998): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3802555.

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Musilová, Zuzana, Petr Musil, Roman Fuchs, and Simona Poláková. "Territory settlement and site fidelity in Reed BuntingsEmberiza schoeniclus." Bird Study 58, no. 1 (February 2011): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2010.524915.

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McKee, Rebecca K., Kurt A. Buhlmann, Clinton T. Moore, Jeffrey Hepinstall‐Cymerman, and Tracey D. Tuberville. "Waif Gopher Tortoise Survival and Site Fidelity Following Translocation." Journal of Wildlife Management 85, no. 4 (February 2021): 640–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21998.

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Slough, Brian G., and Thomas S. Jung. "Little Brown Bats Utilize Multiple Maternity Roosts Within Foraging Areas: Implications for Identifying Summer Habitat." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 11, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/052019-jfwm-039.

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Abstract Identifying habitat features that may influence the survival and fitness of threatened species is often constrained by a lack of information about the appropriate scale for habitat conservation efforts. Canada's Species at Risk Act lists little brown bats Myotis lucifugus as Endangered and there is a need to determine the scale for delineating important summer habitat features that should be protected. We used a 19-y dataset of banded little brown bats in a 15,000-km2 area of southern Yukon, Canada, to examine fidelity to roost sites and potential foraging areas. We captured and banded 4,349 bats during 208 live-trapping sessions at maternity roosts. Adult females used multiple roosts during the maternity period, separated by up to 6.1 km, within foraging areas, to which individuals exhibited fidelity. Our fidelity rates (≤ 60.5%) are the lowest, and roost-switching rates (≤ 35.5%) the greatest, reported for little brown bats. A small percentage (14.0–20.7%) of females banded as juveniles returned to their natal roosts or foraging areas as adults. We infrequently observed long-distance (25–200 km) switching to novel foraging areas (< 1% of banded bats). We established bat houses to mitigate the loss of a cabin roost; 46.3% of the bats banded at the cabin occupied these houses. The longest documented period of roost fidelity was 18 y, by a female banded as an adult. Roost fidelity by returning adult females declined annually by 3.8–5.3% due to natural mortality, roost switching, or dispersal. Having a choice of multiple maternity roosts within a foraging area may permit little brown bats to select optimal microclimatic conditions throughout the maternity season. Given that fidelity to foraging areas may be higher than to specific roost sites for little brown bats, identification of summer habitat based on foraging areas may be a more effective conservation strategy than relying solely on roost sites.

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Saunders, Denis A., Nicole E. White, Rick Dawson, and Peter R. M. Mawson. "Breeding site fidelity, and breeding pair infidelity in the endangered Carnaby’s Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus latirostris." Nature Conservation 27 (July 3, 2018): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.27.27243.

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The ecology and behaviour of the endangered Carnaby’s Cockatoo Calyptorhynchuslatirostris have been studied in detail at Coomallo Creek in the northern wheatbelt of Western Australia from 1969 until the present. Results of research on this breeding population conducted on individually marked birds from 1970 to 1990 were compared with results from analyses of DNA taken from nestlings in the study area from 2003, 2005, and each year from 2009 to 2013. Analyses of DNA confirmed earlier findings about the stability of adult breeding pairs, and that females used the same breeding hollow they used previously, provided the hollow was not occupied when they returned to breed. When moving to another hollow, they chose a hollow in the same vicinity of the previous hollow. Analyses in 22 cases where DNA was obtained from both nestlings of a breeding attempt revealed that in six (27.3%) cases, the second egg was fertilised by a male not paired with the female. These extra-pair copulations were not suspected during the earlier study based on observations of individually marked birds.

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Kim, Hyejeong, Victor D. Ellis, Andrew Woodman, Yan Zhao, Jamie J. Arnold, and Craig E. Cameron. "RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Speed and Fidelity are not the Only Determinants of the Mechanism or Efficiency of Recombination." Genes 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2019): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10120968.

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Using the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) from poliovirus (PV) as our model system, we have shown that Lys-359 in motif-D functions as a general acid in the mechanism of nucleotidyl transfer. A K359H (KH) RdRp derivative is slow and faithful relative to wild-type enzyme. In the context of the KH virus, RdRp-coding sequence evolves, selecting for the following substitutions: I331F (IF, motif-C) and P356S (PS, motif-D). We have evaluated IF-KH, PS-KH, and IF-PS-KH viruses and enzymes. The speed and fidelity of each double mutant are equivalent. Each exhibits a unique recombination phenotype, with IF-KH being competent for copy-choice recombination and PS-KH being competent for forced-copy-choice recombination. Although the IF-PS-KH RdRp exhibits biochemical properties within twofold of wild type, the virus is impaired substantially for recombination in cells. We conclude that there are biochemical properties of the RdRp in addition to speed and fidelity that determine the mechanism and efficiency of recombination. The interwoven nature of speed, fidelity, the undefined property suggested here, and recombination makes it impossible to attribute a single property of the RdRp to fitness. However, the derivatives described here may permit elucidation of the importance of recombination on the fitness of the viral population in a background of constant polymerase speed and fidelity.

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Bucciarelli, Gary M., David B. Green, H. Bradley Shaffer, and Lee B. Kats. "Individual fluctuations in toxin levels affect breeding site fidelity in a chemically defended amphibian." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1831 (May 25, 2016): 20160468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0468.

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Behaviours that influence habitat selection strongly determine species movement patterns. One component of animal behaviour that largely influences movement patterns and habitat choice is site fidelity. California newts (family Salamandridae) demonstrate remarkable site fidelity, typically homing to the same pool of a stream each breeding season. Individuals often occupy a specific pool throughout the breeding season, but some males shift among breeding pools, altering their set of potential mates, competitors, and predators. In this study, we measured dermal concentrations of the chemical defence compound tetrodotoxin (TTX) in recaptured male California newts ( Taricha torosa ) over five breeding seasons to evaluate whether relative TTX concentrations are associated with breeding site fidelity in the field. Our five years of field sampling indicates that TTX concentrations of individuals and group means fluctuate tremendously, implying that TTX is not a stable phenotypic trait. Despite such fluctuations, we found that an individual's relative TTX concentration explains fidelity to a breeding pool and suggests that newts may be able to assess both their own concentrations of TTX and that of conspecifics to make decisions about remaining in or abandoning a breeding pool. These results provide us a novel dimension to chemical defence phenotypes in nature and their ecological consequences, potentially requiring a re-evaluation of the coevolutionary dynamics of predation pressure on toxin-laden organisms.

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Saldana, Carmen, Joël Fagot, Simon Kirby, Kenny Smith, and Nicolas Claidière. "High-fidelity copying is not necessarily the key to cumulative cultural evolution: a study in monkeys and children." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1904 (June 5, 2019): 20190729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0729.

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The unique cumulative nature of human culture has often been explained by high-fidelity copying mechanisms found only in human social learning. However, transmission chain experiments in human and non-human primates suggest that cumulative cultural evolution (CCE) might not necessarily depend on high-fidelity copying after all. In this study, we test whether defining properties of CCE can emerge in a non-copying task. We performed transmission chain experiments in Guinea baboons and human children where individuals observed and produced visual patterns composed of four squares on touchscreen devices. In order to be rewarded, participants had to avoid touching squares that were touched by a previous participant. In other words, they were rewarded for innovation rather than copying. Results nevertheless exhibited fundamental properties of CCE: an increase over generations in task performance and the emergence of systematic structure. However, these properties arose from different mechanisms across species: children, unlike baboons, converged in behaviour over generations by copying specific patterns in a different location, thus introducing alternative copying mechanisms into the non-copying task. In children, prior biases towards specific shapes led to convergence in behaviour across chains, while baboon chains showed signs of lineage specificity. We conclude that CCE can result from mechanisms with varying degrees of fidelity in transmission and thus that high-fidelity copying is not necessarily the key to CCE.

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Perry, Roger W. "Fidelity of Bats to Forest Sites Revealed From Mist-Netting Recaptures." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/082010-jfwm-030.

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Abstract Although site fidelity to permanent roost structures by bats is generally known, long-term fidelity to areas such as foraging or drinking sites is unknown. Furthermore, mist-net recaptures of bats over multiple years are rarely reported. Extensive mist-net surveys were conducted over the course of 8 y in the Ouachita National Forest of central Arkansas, United States to investigate long-term site fidelity and recapture rates of individually marked forest bats. Among eight species that were captured, five species were recaptured over spans ≥1 y, including eastern red bats Lasiurus borealis, Seminole bats L. seminolus, evening bats Nycticeius humeralis, tri-colored bats Lasiurus borealis, and northern long-eared bats Myotis septentrionalis. Some individuals were recaptured multiple times over multiple years, and the maximum span over which an individual was recaptured was 1 y for Seminole bats, 2 y for tri-colored bats, 3 y for evening bats, 4 y for eastern red bats, and 5 y for northern long-eared bats. These results indicate long-term site fidelity by multiple bat species to particular forest sites, primarily pools along small intermittent streams. Proximity to these sites should be considered when conducting management activities.

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Lebacqz, Karen. "Cult books revisited." Theology 120, no. 6 (October 19, 2017): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x17719655.

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In Fabricated Man, Paul Ramsey railed against humans ‘playing God’, argued that our embodied nature sets limits on what we may ethically do and established covenant fidelity as a basis for bioethics. Subsequent works in the field have been constrained to respond to his challenges and perspective. This essay notes seven major themes that continue to influence the field of bioethics.

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Oberoi, Divya, Atul Mohan, Surajit Mondal, Rohit Sharma, Akshay Suresh, Leonid Benkevitch, Colin J. Lonsdale, John Morgan, Patrick McCauley, and Iver Cairns. "Solar science at metric radio wavelengths: Coming of age." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S340 (February 2018): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318001400.

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The merits of solar coronal at metric-wavelength (MW) radio have long been recognised (e.g. Pick and Vilmer, 2008). High-fidelity solar radio imaging at these frequencies has however remained challenging. On the one hand, dealing with the small spectral and temporal scales of variation in solar radio emission requires a data product capable of tracking the emission simultaneously across time, frequency and morphology. The Fourier imaging nature of interferometry, on the other hand, severely limits the instrumental ability to gather sufficient information to do this with the required fidelity and resolution. Benefiting from the enormous advances in technology the new generation of instruments, like the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA; Tingay et al. (2013), Bowman et al. (2013)), represent a quantum leap in our ability to gather data suitable for radio solar physics.

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Kotowska, Joanna. "L’« infidélité onirique » dans L’Emploi du temps ou comment Michel Butor polémique avec les idées de Gaston Bachelard." Romanica Wratislaviensia 66 (October 4, 2019): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0557-2665.66.14.

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“ONERIC INFIDELITY” IN L’EMPLOI DU TEMPS OR HOW MICHEL BUTOR DISCUSSES GASTON BACHELARD’S IDEAS20th century philosopher Gaston Bachelard considers the combination of two elements of nature as a metaphorical “marriage,” with all its symbolic and religious meaning, including fidelity and prohibition of adultery. Water and fire, united in a moment of alchemical inspiration, form an archetypal couple of great creators, which participate in cosmogonic myths. Bachelard imagines any elemental union in the aquatic categories, which results from his theory where water is the main component of each association due to its properties of universal solvent, and the other three elements — fire, air and earth — represent only secondary components. However, some contemporary writers like Michel Butor offer a completely opposite conception, according to which the elements of nature do not respect the binary rule of the “marriage” and form triple or even quadruple unions. These monstrous mixtures described in his novel L’Emploi du temps give, indeed, a destructive effect and tend to doom the world. What would become of the notion of “oneiric fidelity,” postulated by Bachelard, in the sacrilegious universe of Butor’s novel, filled with accursed amalgamates of multiple elements?

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Phillips, Richard A., David R. Cope, Eileen C. Rees, and Mark J. O'Connell. "Site fidelity and range size of wintering Barnacle GeeseBranta leucopsis." Bird Study 50, no. 2 (July 2003): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063650309461308.

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Giroux, J. F. "Roost fidelity of Pink-footed GeeseAnser brachyrhynchusin north-east Scotland." Bird Study 38, no. 2 (July 1991): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063659109477077.

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Lee, Chi-Hyung. "Formation of beliefs and fidelity of Sayukshin: Reminding on the nature and task of moral education." Korean Society for the Study of Moral Education 33, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 119–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17715/jme.2021.6.33.2.119.

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Young, Tiffany, and Chantelle Sharpe. "Process Evaluation Results From an Intergenerational Physical Activity Intervention for Grandparents Raising Grandchildren." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13, no. 5 (May 2016): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0345.

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Background:Grandparents and the grandchildren they raise may experience stress related to their caregiving relationship that negatively impacts their health. Thus, there is a need to develop intergenerational health promotion interventions for these kinship families.Methods:An 8-week intergenerational physical activity intervention for kinship families was developed and implemented. The specific goal was to understand the process of implementing the intervention. Content analysis of observational data provided an in-depth account of the intervention’s process (ie, recruitment, dose delivered, dose received, fidelity, and context).Results:Community and support service organizations referred more participants to the study than individual stakeholders. Most participants attended approximately 10 classes, and the grandparents were more engaged than the grandchildren during the classes. Intervention fidelity was confirmed with the fidelity checklist and observational notes. Health emerged as a barrier to participation, while the intergenerational nature of the intervention was a facilitator. Lastly, the context domain described how the grandparents’ complex lives affected their ability to participate, while the dedication of the recreation staff helped the intervention to proceed efficiently.Conclusion:The distinct details gleaned from this study can provide guidance on how to develop and implement future intergenerational interventions.

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Klimczyk, Witold Artur, and Zdobyslaw Jan Goraj. "Analysis and optimization of morphing wing aerodynamics." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-12-2017-0289.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a method for analysis and optimization of morphing wing. Moreover, a numerical advantage of morphing airfoil wing, typically assessed in simplified two-dimensional analysis is found using higher fidelity methods.Design/methodology/approachBecause of multi-point nature of morphing wing optimization, an approach for optimization by analysis is presented. Starting from naïve parametrization, multi-fidelity aerodynamic data are used to construct response surface model. From the model, many significant information are extracted related to parameters effect on objective; hence, design sensitivity and, ultimately, optimal solution can be found.FindingsThe method was tested on benchmark problem, with some easy-to-predict results. All of them were confirmed, along with additional information on morphing trailing edge wings. It was found that wing with morphing trailing edge has around 10 per cent lower drag for the same lift requirement when compared to conventional design.Practical implicationsIt is demonstrated that providing a smooth surface on wing gives substantial improvement in multi-purpose aircrafts. Details on how this is achieved are described. The metodology and results presented in current paper can be used in further development of morphing wing.Originality/valueMost of literature describing morphing airfoil design, optimization or calculations, performs only 2D analysis. Furthermore, the comparison is often based on low-fidelity aerodynamic models. This paper uses 3D, multi-fidelity aerodynamic models. The results confirm that this approach reveals information unavailable with simplified models.

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Mandarino, Antonio, and Giovanni Scala. "On the Fidelity Robustness of CHSH–Bell Inequality via Filtered Random States." Entropy 25, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25010094.

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The theorem developed by John Bell constituted the starting point of a revolution that translated a philosophical question about the nature of reality into the broad and intense field of research of the quantum information technologies. We focus on a system of two qubits prepared in a random, mixed state, and we study the typical behavior of their nonlocality via the CHSH–Bell inequality. Afterward, motivated by the necessity of accounting for inefficiency in the state preparation, we address to what extent states close enough to one with a high degree of nonclassicality can violate local realism with a previously chosen experimental setup.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fidelity to nature'

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