Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fiduciaires'
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Tarchichi, Abou Chahine Mariam. "Les Garanties fiduciaires." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2009. http://195.221.120.247/simclient/consultation/binaries/stream.asp?INSTANCE=UCFRSIM&eidmpa=DOCUMENTS_THESES_223.
Full textThe February 19th 2009 French Parliamentary Act has enacted fiduciary in the French law. By so doing that Act has established the security based on property. In fact, the Parliamentary Act may be seen as an effect of the impact of Europe in the French law. However, securities on property or on assets were already operative in the field of business. That emphasizes that traditional securities have declined. Securities on assets or property seems to be the main security as far as it operates only in favor of the creditor even if, in the case of bankruptcy of the debtor
Jeulin, Isabelle. "Les techniques fiduciaires à l'aune du principe de spécialité des personnes morales." La Réunion, 2005. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/05_03_Jeulin.pdf.
Full textThis study suggest to increase the meaning of the doctrine of ultra vires in France, in order to decline or to transpose one of part of argument to the fiducial techniques. The european fiducie's practice can be define like a patrimonial and tempory transfer. Because of the similitudes between this concepts (moral persons and "fiducie"). It seems to be interesting to research how the doctrine of ultra vires could be applied to fiducial techniques
Ansel, Benoît. "Recherche et développement de nouvelles sécurités pour la protection et l'authentification de documents fiduciaires." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S098.
Full textFighting against forgery and counterfeiting of secured documents is a constant challenge. To secure efficiently banknotes and passports, the use of molecular materials is an exclusive way. The collaboration between the Laboratory of Organometallic for Optics and Oberthur Technologies made possible to develop two new security systems. These securities are based , on one hand, on the use of bipyridine derivatives with colours changing under microwaves, and, on the other hand, on the use of P-type and T-type photochromic compounds with a succession of colours changing under UV-Visible lights irradiation and heating. After a first chapter making an overview of the last innovations in the security field, the last two chapters describe the results obtained on the development of two new secured devices
Busque, Julien. "La portée de l'article 1275 du Code civil du Québec à l'égard du fiduciaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27465.
Full textLohio, Olivier. "Recherche et développement de nouvelles sécurités pour les documents fiduciaires : synthèse de nouveaux chromophores pour l'optique." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S067.
Full textDion, Nathalie. "Les obligations fiduciaires des dirigeants de sociétés commerciales : droit des Etats-Unis d'Amérique et droit français." Orléans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ORLE0002.
Full textThe fiduciary duties of corporate officers and directors, an American concept, are developing in French law. They include the duty of care and the duty of loyalty that officers and directors owe to the corporation and the shareholders by performing their functions. The failure to act in the respect of such duties leads to their liability that has been expanding since the past few years
Girard-Gaymard, Tristan. "Les opportunités d'affaires en droit privé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0464.
Full textLegal thinking about business opportunities is traditionally confined to the field that has emerged: the law of fiduciary relationships. In this context, a business opportunity is traditionally viewed as a chance captured by the social leader. But is it not desirable to give the notion of business opportunity a broader dimension? A business opportunity is indeed an opportunity to engage in an operation or activity. As an economic opportunity, a business opportunity emerges on the market. On what condition, however, can an opportunity to contract be considered opportune by the person who is about to seize it? Is every opportunity, moreover, freely seizable? What is, in other words, the legal treatment of business opportunities? Identifying a business opportunity is to determine whether or not an operation or activity is appropriate for the person who is called upon to seize it. In any case, the law controls the means of identifying a business opportunity, the identification of a business opportunity should not be an opportunity for all excesses. The legal treatment of business opportunities is twofold. At the end of its traditional interdiction function, the law discourages the capture of a business opportunity. But now embracing a perspective complementary to that which is classically his own, the law's mission is to encourage the seizure of business opportunities. The meaning of the study is thus to reveal the apprehension, much wider than it seems, of business opportunities by private law
Trudel, Jaclin. "Analyse des motivations des clients pour le choix d'une institution financière dans l'achat d'un certificat de placement garanti ou d'un dépôt à terme /." Thèse, Rouyn-Noranda : Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 1995. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textMémoire réalise à l'Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en gestion des petites et moyennes organisations de l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi extensionné à l'Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue. CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Arsac, Antoine. "La propriété fiduciaire : nature et régime." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010253/document.
Full textAlthough existing in various forms in numerous European countries, the "fiducie" has only been introduced into French law in 2007. The trust acting as surety or manager is characterized by the transfer of ownership of one or several items by the creator "constituant" to the fiduciary. The fiduciary accepts to receive an asset designated in the considered patrimony and engages as well to accomplish a defined mission on behalf of the beneficiary. This ownership exercised by the fiduciary is commonly called the fiduciary property « propriété fiduciaire » and presents numerous particularities as the fiduciazy does not dispose of the prerogatives and attributes that would be found under ownership law as defined by article 544 of the Civil code. It is in this context that certain authors have questioned its true nature and its compatibility with the French legal system. The object of our work was firstly to study the nature of « propriété fiduciaire » by reflecting on the nature of the obligations incumbent upon the fiduciary, their influence on the affirmation of transfer of ownership, and indeed its assimilation to the idea of ownership. Thereafter we have considered the practical implementation of the « propriété fiduciaire » observing chronologically the three stages of the trust: its constitution, its execution and its closure. At the outset the fiducie's constitution is materialized by the constitution of its affected capital remaining independent from the fiduciary's personal property, we have researched whether this autonomy sufficed in order to recognize a separate legal personality. Thereafter, during the execution phase which fncludes the mission of conservation and management of the transferred assets by the fiduciary, we have analyzed the fiduciary's responsibilities and studied the possibilities to delimit the same. As for the final stage, after identifying the causes leading to the termination of the fiducie, we have studied the consequences of returning the asset to the creator or transferring it to a third party, particularly as regards the fiduciary
Kuhn, Céline. "Le patrimoine fiduciaire : contribution à l'étude de l'universalité." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010294.
Full textGouret, Camille. "L'administration fiduciaire : Contribution à l'étude de la fiducie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD052.
Full textIntroduced in the french law since ten years yet, the french trust, as know as « fiducie », keeps destabilising. While everything seems oppose that so-called fiduciary property and the real property, the doctrine preaches for assimilation. To manage the fiduciary estate, the trustee is said to own the whole power as a proprietor, but wich has to be straight away limited to spare the settler and the sestui que trust findind themeselves helpless in front of a powerfully trustee. Why then to prevail in this way ? Isn’t it possible to deal with others mechanism of the legal arsenal instead of altering it ? Doubtlessly, a positive answer has to be given. To focus attention on the allocation (affectation) and to depart from the beaten tracks, allow to take back the trustee his rightful palce : he is an estate manager provided with inherent powers. The analyse suggested succeed in explaining the legal regime, clarifying doubts and increasing effectiveness thanks to means for settler and sestui que trust to deal with a careless trustee
Berger-Tarare, Célia. "La responsabilité du fiduciaire - Essai de théorie générale." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30065.
Full textThe trust is both an ancient concept and a modern instrument which can fulfill the most diverse functions. Introduced in France in 2007, the French fiducie is growing and it has become necessary to focus on a key issue : the liability of the French trustee. Roman fiducia and the Anglo-Saxon trust have shown that the efficiency of its implementation was crucial to the success of the institution. Yet, the rules regarding the fiducie mechanism and the liability of its main actor are largely incomplete. In this regard, Article 2026 of the French Civil code only indicates that “the trustee is responsible, on his own property, for breaches of the trust committed during the performance of its mission”. Ambiguous and debatable, this provision does not reveal its meaning at first reading. An historical, comparative and exegetical analysis entitles the reader to understand the mechanism of the French fiducie. A coherent structure of the liability of the French trustee – both owner of a separate patrimony and debtor to the settlor and the beneficiary – can be drawn, which results in a balanced system between the different interests in consideration, while ensuring the protection of the settlor and the beneficiary
Van, Steenlandt Philippe. "La généralisation de la cession fiduciaire de créance." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020035.
Full textBefore granting a loan, any creditor naturally intends to ensure that the return of the money lent will be effective regardless of the situation of the borrower on the day of the repayment of the refund. This is particularly the case of the opening of insolvency proceedings against the debtor which concentrates the creditors fears. The increasing socialization of the insolvency law has indeed significantly reduced the effectiveness of traditional collateral in case of bankruptcy of the debtor. It is in this context that the creditors have also sought a security that would satisfy their security requirements. The trust one hand, the other hand trust, could appear as oasis of tranquility in times of financial turmoil affecting the debtor. Academics and practitioners then rediscovered the virtues of transfer of title made for guarantee purposes, specifically fiduciary assignment of receivables
Maury, Maxime. "Monnaie unique européenne et circulation fiduciaire : scénarios et propositions." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100063.
Full textWhat are the best conditions for the use of a single currency in europe from the point of view of citizens? a currency is a symbol that means a sovereignty principle. Transition towards a single currency will involve five main problems : designation and possible banknotes differenciation, conversion rates, time limits ant temporary double circulation. The analysis of chief contemporary monetary reforms, new franc (1960), sterling decimalization (1971) and the german monetary unification (1990) prooves that the scenario that has been chosen in madrid (1995) is the best. Nevertheless it is likely that more convenient conversion rates and some differenciation in banknotes presentation is desirable
Abdallah, Amal. "La sécurisation de la gestion fiduciaire : pratiques conventionnelles et islamiques /." Bruxelles : Beyrouth : Paris : Bruylant ; Delta ; LGDJ, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412384954.
Full textEn appendice, textes législatifs et réglementaires. Bibliogr. p. 299-320. Index.
Abdallah, Amal. "La securisation de la gestion fiduciaire : pratiques conventionnelles et islamiques /." Bruxelles [u.a.] : Bruylant [u.a.], 2006. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz27643868xinh.pdf.
Full textIbarra, Garza Rafael. "La protection du patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund : (étude comparée : Droit français-Droit anglais)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020012/document.
Full textThe constitution of a fiducie-trust has the effect of creating a patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund. Because the beneficiaries obtain their benefits from the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund it has to be in a condition that permits them to obtain those benefits. Hence the importance of having adequate means to protect the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund. The protection of the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund starts by preventing it from being harmed. Since any action or any inaction of the fiduciaire-trustee can have negative effects on the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund, it is necessary to begin by protecting it from the fiduciaire-trustee. There are two situations which have been proven to be dangerous to the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund: a) when the fiduciaire-trustee acts in an interest other than that of those of the beneficiaries and b) when the fiduciaire-trustee is negligent in the performance of his obligations. To cope with these two problems and to prevent the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund from being damaged by the fiduciaire-trustee, two obligations are imposed upon him: a) the devoir de loyauté-duty of loyalty and b) the devoir de diligence-duty of care. If the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund is at risk of the actions of the fiduciaire-trustee, it is also at risk of the actions of third parties. The protection of the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund from third parties begin by the ownership of the fiduciaire-trustee and continues by separating the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund from the personal property of the fiduciaire-trustee. Because the preventive measures that protect the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund are not infallible, it is necessary that the constituant and the beneficiaries have access to legal remedies for when the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund has been damaged. Among the remedial protection are those of personal nature, including remedies for specific enforcement of the fiducie-trust and those that tend to repair the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund. To repair the damage caused to the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund there are also real remedies. If English law provides true real remedies, in contrast to French law offers "fake" real remedies because even if the nature of those remedies are not strictly real, they have similar effects to those offered by English law
Aquino, Cleiton Paiva. "Avaliação do comportamento dos pontos fiduciais faciais durante o envelhecimento humano." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7277.
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Facial aging is known as a complex process that varies the shape and texture of thefacial area. Variations in shape include variation in craniofacial structure, while texture variation includes skin coloration, appearance of facial lines and wrinkles. Shape and texture are both considered the most common forms of facial aging patterns. Fiducial points are control points on an object that define characteristic regions with properties of interest to the application. Thus, the objective of this work is to evaluate the behavior offacial fiducial points during human aging. An evaluation was performed in a statistical manner and through classification, through the characteristics vectors obtained throughfacial fiducial points. For the accomplishment of this work, we had a social motivation,that is the aid in the search for missing persons, and another one of technical character,that is the perfection of facial recognition systems. Among the results we can highlight the behavior of increase, reduction and stabilization among some fiducial points. With regard to classification, we obtained a result of 84.29 % of correct answers when we compared the class with people under 20 years old and the class with people between 20 and 39 years old from the black men’s groups
O envelhecimento facial é conhecido como um complexo processo que varia a forma ea textura da área facial. Variações na forma incluem variação na estrutura craniofacial, enquanto a variação na textura inclui coloração da pele, aparecimento de linhas faciais e rugas. A forma e a textura são ambas consideradas as formas mais comuns de padrões de envelhecimento facial. Já os pontos fiduciais são pontos de controle sobre um objeto que definem regiões características com propriedades de interesse à aplicação. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o comportamento dos pontos fiduciais faciais durante o envelhecimento humano. Foi realizada uma avaliação de forma estatística e por meio de classificação, através dos vetores de características obtidos através dos pontos fiduciaisfaciais. Para a realização deste trabalho, tivemos uma motivação de cunho social, queé o auxílio na busca por pessoas desaparecidas, e outra de cunho técnico, que é o aperfeiçoamento de sistemas de reconhecimento facial. Dentre os resultados podemos salientar o comportamento de aumento, redução e estabilização entre alguns pontos fiduciais. No tocante a classificação chegamos a obter um resultado de 84,29% de acertos quando comparamos a classe com pessoas menores de 20 anos e a classe com pessoas entre 20 e 39 anos do grupos de homens negros.
Silva, Luiz Eduardo Sales e. "Detecção de pontos fiduciais em faces humanas utilizando máquina de vetores suporte." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2014. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4742.
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FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
Currently, the problem of detention fiducial points on human faces has received increasing attention from the scientific community. Recently, we may find in the literature developed some systems for the purpose of performing detecçiia fiducial points. Some of these representatives use clasSifieadows SVM. One of the problems faced by this. fano approach is that the performance of SVM classifiers is extremely sensitive to change its parameters. list is a difficulty that is not trivial to exploit. In this lecture tion, we propose a fiducial points detection system, which uses SVM classifiers, in order to investigate the performance of the classifiers for con-along pre-defined parameters. With this investiwida, we intend to describe the system's behavior to the set of parameters and determine what the parameters = bination, and its values, which produces the best pos-sible performance for the branch system a whole. The proposed system is complex due to. lot of steps involved. The measured performance of the proposed system was performed. for. eleven Aduri tips: ais of. human face. two bases of image data (BiolD and End). The results demonstrate that the system performance. proposed is incremented when using the approach adopted. The system performance is satisfactory when compared with similar systems.
Atualmente, o problema da detenção de pontos fiduciais em faces humanas vem recebendo crescente atenção da comunidade científica. Recentemente, podemos encontrar na literatura alguns sistemas desenvolvidos com o objetivo de realizar a detecçiia de pontos fiduciais. Alguns destes representantes utilizam clasSifieadows SVM. Um dos problemas enfrentados por essa abordagem reside no fato de que o desempenho das clasSificadores SVM é extremamente sensível à mudança de seus parâmetros. lista é uma dificuldade que não é trivial de se explorar. Nesta dissertar ção, propomos um sistema de detecção de pontos fiduciais, que utiliza clasSificadores SVM, com o objetivo de investigar o desempenho dos classificadores para um con-junto de parâmetros pré-definidos. Com esta investiwida, pretendemos descrever o comportamento do sistema para o conjunto de parâmetros e determinar qual é a =binação de parâmetros, e de seus valores, que produz o melhor desempenho pos-sível para o sistema ramo um todo. O sistema proposta é complexo devido a. grande quantidade de etapas envolvidas. A avaliada de desempenho do sistema proposto foi realizada. para. onze pontas Aduri:ais da. face humana para. duas bases de dados de imagens (BiolD e Fim). O resultados demonstram que o desempenho do sistema. proposto é incrementado quando utilizamos a abordagem adotada. O desempenho do sistema é satisfatório quando comparado com os de sistemas similares.
Lafontaine, Alain. "La coexistence de l'obligation de fiduciaire de la Couronne et du droit à l'autonomie gouvernementale des peuples autochtones." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6762.
Full textJacoud, Gilles. "La monnaie fiduciaire : d'une émission libérée au privilège de la Banque de France : 26 octobre 1795-14 avril 1803." Lyon 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO22004.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to show how the bases of a fiduciary circulation were laid at the end of the french revolution. Two stages were necessary, although the convention abolished the use of metal and of any paper different from the assignat for payments, the setting up of the directoire created favorable conditions to the establishment of issuing banks in autumn 1795. Several banking institutions, which were opened under the directoire, then under the consulate, came to issue concurrently a paper representing a sum whose payment in metallic currency can be exacted at any time by the bearer. Therefore it is a fiduciary currency, that is to say based on the holder's confidence in the capacity of the bank to ensure the conversion into metal. This transition between a system in which every private monetary creation was prohibited and a situation of competition between different banks of issue is dealt in the first part. The plurality of issuers was questioned in 1802 and next year. The political power ended by giving the privilege of issuing to the bank of france in paris. This transition from the freedom of issuing to a new order which is based on the control of the circulation of the paper money by a single banking institution is presented in the second part
Fix, Christian. "Die Fiducie-Sûreté : eine Untersuchung der französischen Sicherungstreuhand aus deutscher Sicht." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAA001.
Full textThe present thesis is dedicated to the fiducie-sûreté – the security trust in terms of articles 2011 et seqq. of the French Civil Code. The study is written in German and comprises an abstract in French. The author discusses the fiducie-sûreté from a comparative perspective. After providing a short overview of the fiducie-sûreté, the study deals with the questions related to the propriété fiduciaire and the patrimoine fiduciaire. It examines whether the fiducie-sûreté is accessory to the claim secured by this security right. In the following chapters, the work sheds light on the phase of termination of the fiducie-sûreté as well as on the measures of registration and publication which have to be observed. The work then explores the impact of insolvency proceedings on the fiducie-sûreté in its different aspects. The study concludes with a summary of its most important results underlining the strengths and weaknesses of the fiducie-sûreté
Abdallah, Amal. "La protection de fiduciant dans la gestion fiduciaire de portefeuille : étude comparative : droit français, droit libanais et pratique des banques islamiques." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020029.
Full textPesneau, Adrien. "L'agent des sûretés dans les financements appréhendé par les droits anglais et français : approche comparée." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR1014.
Full textCredit is essential for the smooth functioning of the economy. It is existing in various forms (crowdfunding, bond issuance, etc.). One of the most widespread is the bank loan, and when this credit is provided by at least two financial institutions, it is a "syndicated loan" that has to fulfil a certain collective organization. It is in this context that a "facility agent" ensures the administration of loan. Depending on the applicable law, it may be an « agent » (English law) or a « mandataire » (French law). Moreover, as these financings are generally provided with security and guarantees, it is frequent to observe the intervention of a "security agent". The latter acts as a "guardian" of the security and guarantees the financial parties are benefiting from as guarantee of the proper performance of borrowers' obligations under the finance documents. Its role is therefore crucial
Silva, Luan Porfirio e. "Rastreamento facial e refinamento de pontos fiduciais 3D baseado na região do nariz em ambientes não controlados." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/49062.
Full textCoorientador : Prof. Dr. Luciano Silva
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Informática. Defesa: Curitiba, 26/05/2017
Inclui referências : f. 69-78
Resumo: O rastreamento da face utiliza a informa..o temporal para inferir a posição da face em cada frame. Uma de suas aplicações . em cenários não controlados, onde os métodos de detecção da face falham. As abordagens atuais presentes na literatura s.o baseadas em pontos fiduciais, por.m encontram dificuldades quando aplicadas em ambientes n.o controlados, devido este cenário no ser trivial. Para lidar com esta dificuldade, o presente trabalho propõe uma abordagem baseada no método de rastreamento visual de Nam e Han, inicializando-o com a regi.o do nariz detectada no frame de vídeo com melhor qualidade da face. A regi.o do nariz, ao inv.s da face inteira, foi escolhida devido sua menor probabilidade de estar oclusa, ser invariante a expressões faciais e visível em grande variações de pose. Foram realizados experimentos na base de dados 300 Videos in the Wild e Point and Shoot Challenge, em compara..o ao rastreamento de face. J. o alinhamento de faces em ambientes sem restrições consiste em localizar pontos fiduciais com precisão, auxiliando em tarefas como reconstrução 3d, reconhecimento e analise de expressões faciais. Em situações onde existem variações de poses, a aparência da face difere da face frontal, dificultando a tarefa de alinhamento. Para contornar esta situa..o, este trabalho propõe refinar a localiza..o dos pontos fiduciais com regressão em cascata e regressão com vetores de suporte (SVR), partindo da pose estimada com a regi.o do nariz. Experimentos foram realizados na base de dados 3D Face Alignment in the Wild, demonstrando resultados amplamente superiores ao alinhamento baseado na pose e comparáveis ao estado-da-arte. Palavras-chave: rastreamento da face; alinhamento de face 3d; refinamento de pontos fiduciais.
Abstract: Face tracking uses temporal information to infer the position of the face in each frame. One of its applications is in-the-wild environments where face detection methods fail to perform robustly. Current approaches presented in the literature are based on facial landmarks. Therefore, they have limitations when applied in in-the-wild environments as estimating the landmarks in such scenarios is not trivial. To address this issue, this work propose an approach based on a Nam and Han's visual tracking method, initializing it with the nose of the best quality face in the video sequence. The nose region, rather than the entire face was chosen due to it being unlikely to be occluded, mostly invariant to facial expressions and visible in a long range of head poses. We performed experiments on the 300 Videos in the Wild and Point and Shoot Challenge datasets. Face alignment in unrestricted environments, however, consists of accurately locating landmarks, assisting in tasks such as 3D reconstruction, recognition and facial expression analysis. In situations where there are variations of poses, the face appearance differs from the frontal face, making the alignment task difficult. To overcome this issue, this work proposes to refine the landmarks by using cascade regression and support vector regression (SVR), starting from the pose estimated with the nose region. Experiments were performed on the 3D Face Alignment in the Wild dataset, showing results broadly superior to pose-based alignment and comparable to the state-of-the-art. Keywords: face tracking; 3d face alignment; landmark refinement.
Dorobat, Carmen. "L'effet Cantillon dans la théorie du commerce international : L’impact de la monnaie fiduciaire sur le commerce, la finance et la distribution internationale des patrimoines." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0067/document.
Full textThis dissertation endeavors to offer a way to bridge the gap between the analysis of real and monetary phenomena in international economics. To this end, I analyze Cantillon effects, i.e. the differential impact of monetary expansion on prices, production, wealth, and the pattern of international trade. In Part I review the standard literature in international economics from the 19th century to contemporary theories. In Part II I use the contributions of Ludwig von Mises to the theory of money and business cycles as the foundation for the analysis of monetary expansion and international trade. In Chapter 4, I focus on the relationship between financial development and international trade. In Chapter 5, I analyze the impact of inflation and5fractional reserve banking on trade finance, and the transmission of business cycles across national borders. The main findings of my research are that monetary expansion modifies the direction, composition, volume and value of trade and capital flows. I apply this framework in Chapter 6, to explain the evolution of merchandise and capital flows over the last decades, and illustrate my findings with statistical evidence from the most recent financial crisis and the global trade collapse of 2008-2009. In Part III I analyze the impact of monetary expansion on international industrial organization, and the global distribution of income and wealth. In the concluding section, I draw out the major implications of my analysis for international trade and monetary policies, and its importance for future research
Diallo, Abdoulaye. "Protection de l’entrepreneur individuel et droits des créanciers : étude comparée droit français-droit de l’OHADA." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT3013/document.
Full textWith regard to the principle of the system of assets, the individual entrepreneur take on all his assets. In case problems occur, his creditors could seize his personal properties and business assets. This unlimited liability of the individual entrepreneur might have serious consequences, especially when he is married, in a civil partnership or in concubinage. The individual entrepreneur's fragility has encouraged the legislature, in the French as well as in the OHADA law, to create mechanisms that would give him the opportunity to put his personal assets immune from the judicial proceedings of his professional creditors. Thus, apart from any associate's appropriation, the individual entrepreneur is now able, under the French law, to keep his personal assets out of his profesional creditors' right of forfeit, through the notarized statement from seizure or the option of the EIRL. Equally, through the matrimonial systems or the technique of the trust, he may limit the rights of his creditors. However, the effectiveness of the mechanisms of protection of the individual entrepreneur is not absolute. Indeed, it is often put into question by former creditors, and even the individual entrepreneur who sometimes may renounce to it in order to get credit. Moreover, when the individual entrepreneur is subjected to a collective proceeding, the effectiveness of the protection is only but relative. The partition of expected assets or the exemption of certain personal belongings from the creditors' forfeit is questioned. Therefore, the protection offered by these mechanisms is only but fallacious, hence the need to strengthen their effectiveness. In the absence of effective mechanisms of protection, the individual entrepreneur may resort to the different procedures of prevention as an alternative to the mechanisms of protection
Tong, Xiao. "Recalage d'image de la tomographie optique diffuse de fluorescence (fDOT) et la tomographie par émission de positons (TEP) et le développement de tomographie optique en multi-angle." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795178.
Full textDésert, Marc. "Le dessaisissement en droit privé : étude de droit civil et de droit des affaires." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020092.
Full textDivestment is a concept with uncertain contours, as evidenced by the diversity of its examples and the various fields in which it evolves. In the study, it seems that an autonomous notion of divestment emerges as the measure, judicial or contractual, by which the holder of a right sees that right removed of all or part of the powers attached to it. Those powers being transferred to another person, the granted person, who exercises them alone or jointly with the divested. Divestment is mainly implemented by two techniques: judicial representation and fiduciary assignment. It is always driven by a double idea. On the one hand, the concern for competence and legal efficiency which requires that the cases in which divestment may be judicially imposed or contractually consented be limited. On the other hand, the protection of the divested of his powers. This measure confers on a person, the person granted, the powers attached to the rights of which he or she is not the holder. This transfer presents the risk of allowing the person to whom the powers are granted to act in a way which binds the divested, without the latter being the sole and valid author. All this merits attention to the way in which divestment is implemented, executed, controlled and terminated. The duality of the notion of prevents a one-size-fits-all solution to its implementation
Bidaux, Mathieu. "De la presse à la monnaie (1857-1945) : la fabrication des billets de la banque de France, construction et entretien de la confiance." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR136.
Full textThe history of printing banknotes leads to think about the conditions of the development of fiat money, of its industrialization and to the social question, in other words, to the question of the working culture born from this unparalleled product. This PhD examines the central question: how did the banknote win the trust of the French. The material aspect of money is an important factor of trust, not really studied until then by historiography. In times of currency convertibility, the Bank of France responds with caution in the conditions of circulation of the banknote. This finally appears because of the needs resulting from events pushing the population to hoarding (revolution, wars). The forced court is then decreed, dispensing the issuing institute to exchange its notes against metallic coins. The learning of the banknote is facilitated, its use is democratized. Industrialization thus appears as a response to the monetary questions facing the Bank of France. The industrial production makes it possible to fill the needs but also to limit the cost price of the banknote and to secure the means of payment. Technology watch and adaptation are necessary because the banknote is a printed product that must be constantly improved to protect it from counterfeiters and maintain its credibility. The employment of a large number of qualified workers, whose honesty must be ensured by watching them, finally leads to a specialization of the workforce of the Bank of France Printing Works and to the conduct of a protective social policy
Tong, Xiao. "Co-registration of fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (fDOT) with Positron emission tomography (PET) and development of multi-angle fDOT." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112251/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns the image processing of fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (fDOT), following two axes: FDOT image co-registration with PET (positron emission tomography) image and improvement of fDOT image reconstructions using mirrors to collect additional projections. It is presented in two parts:In the first part, an automatic method to co-register the fDOT images with PET images has been developed to correlate all the information from each modality. This co-registration method is based on automatic detection of fiducial markers (FM) present in both modalities. The particularity of this method is the use of optical surface image obtained in fDOT imaging system, which serves to identify the Z position of FM in optical images. We tested this method on a model of mice bearing tumor xenografts of MEN2A cancer cells that mimic a human medullary thyroid carcinoma, after a double injection of radiotracer [18F] 2-fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-glucose ( FDG) for PET imaging and optical fluorescent infrared tracer Sentidye. With the accuracy of our method, we can demonstrate that the signal of Sentidye is present both in the tumor and surrounding vessels.The fDOT reconstruction image quality is degraded along the Z axis due to a limited number of projections for reconstruction. In the second part, the work is oriented towards a new method of fDOT image reconstruction with a new multi-angle data acquisition system in placing two mirrors on each side of the animal. This work was conducted in collaboration with the CS Department of University College London (UCL), a partner of the European project FMT-XCT. TOAST software developed by this team was used as source code for the reconstruction algorithm, and was modified to adapt to the concerned problem. After several tests on the adjustment of program parameters, we applied this method on a phantom that simulating the biological tissue and on mice. The results showed an improvement in the reconstructed image of a semi-cylindrical phantom and the image of mouse kidney, for which the reconstruction of the mirrors geometry is better than that of conventional geometry without mirror. Nevertheless, we observed that the results were very sensitive to certain parameters, where the performance of reconstruction varies from one case to another. Future prospectives concern the optimization of parameters in order to generalize the multi-angle approach
Vasselin, Françoise. "Essai sur l'adoption et l'usage de la monnaie électronique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020053.
Full textThis thesis has three chapters. The first chapter describes the means of payment allowingthe transfer of electronic money (e-money), the determinants of their adoption and their usein the world. The following two chapters are articles that analyze the competition between fiat money and e-money from the Lagos-Wright model (2005). In the first article, unlike cash, the holding of e-money is guaranteed against the risk of loss or theft, and merchants must invest to receive e-money. Due to strategic complementarities between buyers andsellers, there is a multiplicity of equilibria where only one money, or both, circulate. We analyze welfare and quantify the model to explain the failure of e-money in Europe and its success in Asia and in the United States. In the second article, cash competes with mobilemoney (M-money). Agents can create partnerships and each transaction is settled with one means of payment only. Agents without a partner use cash, the others use M-money.Buyers with a partner always hold M-money, alone or in addition to cash, while buyers without a partner use either one, or the other, or both, or no money. However, M-money replaces cash only if the number of traditional sellers is very low and inflation not too high.So, partnership is a coordination mechanism that explains the success of mobile payment applications offered by brands to their loyal customers in the United States
Zreik, Saba. "Conventions réglementées et intérêt social en droit comparé (Liban, France, USA)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020027/document.
Full textThe corporate interest is the main reason behind the regulation of related party transactions. Its limits are defined by similar interests and the personal interest embodied in these transactions. The inter-action of these conflicting interests may harm the company. The existence of a conflict and of its justification may be presumed. The corporate interest is from now on that of the enterprise seen within its wide economic context and the interest of a group of companies is distinctively acknowledged. The qualification of those transactions helps identify those that are subject to scrutiny. The protection of the corporate interest is achieved by the prevention of the conflicts of interests through the disclosure of the personal interest. This disclosure triggers the concerned corporate bodies’ evaluation process. Legislative and jurisprudential guarantees ensure the predominance of the corporate interest through limitations on the exercise of certain rights and a strict judicial enforcement of legal duties laid on the interested party. The fraudulent transaction is void. The unauthorized one that is damaging to the company is voidable and its consequences are assumed by the interested party who may be exposed to civil and, sometimes, criminal liability. The comparison of the treatment of this subject in the Lebanese, French and American legal systems revealed the weaknesses in the first two; amendment proposals are made
Strakodonskaya, Liudmila. "Pitfalls and Prospects of Sustainability Risk Management under the Modern Investors’ Fiduciary Duty." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020005.
Full textThe compatibility of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) risks management with the investment management requirements under the investors` fiduciary duties (FD) figures among the key questions in today`s context of a rapid growth of sustainable investment strategies. This question is thus the subject of the ongoing regulatory developments in Europe and the object of recent lawsuits in the US federal jurisdiction. Despite these current legal developments, investors still have no clear answer to this issue, what leaves them inert in the face of these new and unconventional types of risk.In our research, we explore the recent advancements in the EU and the US legal practice aiming to determine to what extent the FD requires ESG risks consideration by investors in their investment management decisions. We identify ESG risks materiality and the effectiveness of risk hedging actions as fundamental elements for the definition of ESG risks management obligations of investors under the FD rule. We design a theoretical representation of ESG risks materiality under the FD law and identify that within the FD legal framework ESG risks are assimilated to financial risks; thus, their management is required only if they are financially material for investments. We also reveal that the FD law requires management of long-term ESG risks, which are sufficiently material considering the applied discount rate, and formulate a FD-compliant discounting principle. Then, through the Case Study of the recent US ERISA ESOP lawsuit, we establish that risk-aversion in the qualification of the effectiveness of ESG risk hedging actions could impede efficient risk management by incentivising investors not to hedge a material ESG risk
Morin, Luc. "Le devoir fiduciaire d'agir dans le meilleur intérêt de la compagnie insolvable: comment concilier les intérêts de l'actionnaire et du créancier?" Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2641.
Full textThe following thesis analyses the impact of a company's insolvency on the fiduciary duties of its directors and officers, as imposed by Canadian corporate law. More specifically it shall examine the repercussions of an insolvency on management's fiduciary duty to act in accordance with the company's best interests. The objective shall therefore be to assess the extent of such fiduciary duty in the context of an insolvency and to establish a guideline to be followed by directors and officers in view of complying with said duty. Firstly, what constitutes the "best interests of the company"? The author concludes that a company's interests are comprised of a community of underlying interests. Although the interests of the company remain independent, it cannot be determined without taking into account said underlying interests. Amongst this community of underlying interests, shareholders and creditors, members of such community that supports the financing of the company's operations, occupy a predominant place. Recent case law and doctrinal authorities have concluded that the impact of a company's insolvency does not affect the ultimate objective pursued by the company, i.e. the maximisation of profit, but rather affects the determination of the members of the community of underlying interests that shall be affected by the pursuit of such finality. As such, in a context of insolvency, creditors, similar to shareholders in a context of solvency, are the residual risk-bearers of the company's commercial expenditure. Consequently, in view of determining what constitutes the best interests of the company, when it is insolvent, directors and officers may not ignore the creditors' interests. Secondly, who are the real beneficiaries of the fiduciary duty to act in a company's best interests when it becomes insolvent? The author concludes that creditors are indirect beneficiaries of such fiduciary duty in a context of insolvency. Similarly to shareholders in a context of solvency, creditors must be entitled to institute a derivative claim against directors and officers in order to obtain, in the name and for the company, compensation for the violation of said fiduciary duty. Insolvency triggers the existence of an obligation, fiduciary in nature, to take into account the creditors' interests. As such, directors and officers are to consider the creditors' interests in exercising their fiduciary duty to act in strict compliance with the best interests of the company. This conclusion is based on a review of the Canadian statutory law, jurisprudence and doctrinal authorities. Furthermore, this conclusion is supported by a review of same from certain Commonwealth jurisdictions (England, Australia and New-Zealand) and from the United States of America, jurisdictions with whom Canada has a privileged relationship, historically and/or economically. Finally, how does the obligation to take into account the creditors' interests translate in practice for directors and officers of an insolvent company? The author concludes that the obligation to take into account the creditors' interests is, in reality, an obligation to reconcile the shareholders' and creditors' interests with that of the company's best interests. The parameters of such obligation shall be determined with respect to the scenario conceived by directors and officers in order to effectively manage a situation of insolvency. Should such scenario focus on the liquidation of the core assets of the company, then the interests of the shareholders shall be subjugated to that of the creditors'. Conversely, should such scenario focus on the reorganisation of the company's commercial expenditures, based on the company's existing structures, then the shareholder's interest shall receive a more extensive attention by directors and officers.
Olivier, Raphaëlle. "Les mailles de la fiducie en contexte de dissolution de l'union matrimoniale : de l'application des mécanismes du C.C.Q. au soulèvement du voile fiduciaire en droit québécois." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20387.
Full textLopes, Ana Luísa Rodrigues. "Impacto do Contraste Tumoral em Imagiologia por Raios Ortogonais." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/6274.
Full textIn developed countries, prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third most common cause of death from this kind of disease in men, with external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) being one of the primary treatment modalities. Normally, generous safety margins are applied around the target so that under- or overtreatment caused by geometric uncertainties can be avoided with acceptable probability. These uncertainties are mainly cau- sed by internal organ motion and patient misalignments. Besides the techniques and protocols implemented, the prostate gland is located in a region affected by bladder and rectum volume variations so it is still very difficult to ensure that the gland is always in the same place. Image- guided radiation therapy (IGRT) techniques allow for a more accurate position of the patient, consequently improving the treatment accuracy. However, IGRT techniques have some limita- tions like poor resolution in soft tissues and possible side effects (like an increased dose due to successive and repetitive computerized mega- or kilovoltage imaging). To solve these limitations, a novel imaging system specially designed for assisting EBRT tre- atments called OrthoCT it is under investigation at lIP-Coimbra, in collaboration with IPO- Coimbra, IPO-Porto and the Department of Radiotherapy of CHUC. This new technique consists in operating a dedicated X-ray detection system specially built for collecting selected patient- scattered radiation. This imaging technique does not require rotational irradiation of the target because it is based on the detection of photons emitted at almost right angles in respect to the incoming X-ray flux. The detection can be achieved by positioning one or more collimator- based, 1D detector systems parallel to the beam axis, hence collecting such orthogonal rays. Previous studies show good potential for dose verification in EBRT and very-low-dose computed tomography (CT-like) imaging. However, the poor contrast resolution in soft tissues is still an issue because CT attenuation values of lesions and healthy organ tissue are similar. The purpose of the present investigation is to evaluate through simulation the benefit of iodinated- contrast agent (Ultravist 370) administration in cases of prostate cancer in OrthoCT, using GE- ANT4 simulation toolkit and the anthropomorphic phantom NCAT. The results obtained by Monte Carlo simulation allows us to conclude that the amount of contrast agent normally injected in patients (100 ml) is not enough to enhance the tumor to a value of density possible for visuali- zation in OrthoCT images, once that a density variation of ?? rv 0.1 g/cm3 is yet not detectable. With this quantity of Ultravist 370 the lesion implemented inside the prostate will not be de- tected by OrthoCT. Nevertheless, this would require injecting at least 6.24 times more contrast agent (approximately 600 ml of Ultravist 370). Due to the side effects induced by contrast agents, this is not advisable. Other main goal of this thesis project was to evaluate the display of gold fiducial markers in OrthoCT images. The placement of gold fiducial markers inside the gland is one of the main methods used in IGRT to control the volumetric variations induced in this organ. The position of these markers are then used to guide the daily interfractional patient alignment during the entire treatment process. From the simulation results obtained in this study, it is possible to conclude that a good visual correlation between OrthoCT images and the simulated dose as well as the phantom anatomic structures and the fiducial markers are noticeable. Actually, despite the low statistics obtained with a very low dose of about 1.6 mGy (10 to 50 times less the dose of a typical head CT), a small deviation of 4.68 mm on the position of the fiducial markers are easily identified by these orthogonal ray images.
Ben, Adiba Aurore. "Les sûretés mobilières sur les biens incorporels : propositions pour une rénovation du système des sûretés mobilières en France et au Québec." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8625.
Full textPledge has emerged as a model for creating a security in movable property for two reasons: for historical reasons on the one hand, because of the traditional prohibition against hypothecating movable property, and for technical reasons on the other hand, given the progressive enlargement of the notion of delivery, often involving a legal fiction. Pawning, however, is not well adapted to incorporeal property. Indeed, an analysis of various attempts at legislative reform in France and in Québec shows that delivery, once conceived of as physical delivery, has always been envisaged as an essential condition for the validity and publicity of pawning. Legislation in France and in Québec evolved towards a fictitious conception of delivery by admitting of exceptions or special regimes in which delivery did not fulfill its essential purpose: ensuring that third parties have sufficient notice of the existence of the pledge. Such peculiar forms of delivery have introduced inconsistencies and generated uncertainty in the law, with negative consequences for the entire legal regime of secured transactions. Therefore, it is proposed that the movable hypothec without delivery be extended in such a way as to include a security in incorporeal property; however, this requires that the notion of a value claim be recognised. The concept of property should be redefined as the appropriation of a thing with economic value, a thing that need not possess a physical or incorporeal envelope. As for the concept of a movable security, it might be given a unitary definition as a mechanism with a specific function and a specific purpose. Its function would consist in using the value of an item of movable property or a universality of such items for a specific purpose, namely the preferential or exclusive payment of a given creditor. Such purpose may be understood from the perspective of the essence of the operation. Every legal operation (transaction) might henceforth be characterised as a movable security if its essential purpose – without regard to the language used by the parties – is to secure payment of an obligation. A common definition for all forms of corporeal or incorporeal movable security and a single set of rules for their validity and opposability would insure the coherence and efficiency of French and Québec movable security law. It would encompass ownership-based forms of security, trust-based forms of security and other forms of movable security such as the right of retention.
Cotutelle entre l’Université de Montréal et l’Université de Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne