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Journal articles on the topic 'Field cages'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Beach, R. M., J. W. Todd, and S. H. Baker. "NECTARIED AND NECTARILESS COTTON CULTIVARS AS NECTAR SOURCES FOR THE ADULT SOYBEAN LOOPER1." Journal of Entomological Science 20, no. 2 (1985): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-20.2.233.

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Moths of the soybean looper (SBL), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), were released into 1.8 × 3.7 m field cages (10 male:female moth pairs/cage) containing nectaried (floral and extrafloral nectaries) or nectariless (no extrafloral nectaries) cotton cultivars. Cages containing moths were left undisturbed for 7 days, at the end of which time, plants within cages were sampled for SBL eggs. In three separate tests conducted in 1982, 1983, and 1984, moths oviposited significantly more eggs/plant in caged nectaried cotton than in caged nectariless cotton. High larval SBL populations in cotton-soybea

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Varis, Anna-Liisa, and Raija Brax. "Effect of bee pollination on yield and yield components of field bean (Vicia faba L.)." Agricultural and Food Science 62, no. 1 (1990): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72923.

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The effect of bees on the yield of field bean (Vicia faba L.) was studied in cage experiments in southern Finland during two successive years. Comparisons were made between field cages with and without honeybees and open-pollinated uncaged controls. Effect of shading was also considered. The yield in open plots, which were freely visited by pollinators, was considerably greater than in plots from which the insects were excluded. Freely visited plants and plants caged with bees produced about twice as many seeds as plants caged without bees, and the number of seeds per pod was also higher. The

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3

Butkewich, Susan L., and Ronald J. Prokopy. "Attraction of Adult Plum Curculios (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Host-Tree Odor and Visual Stimuli in the Field." Journal of Entomological Science 32, no. 1 (1997): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-32.1.1.

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Field tests were conducted to determine if plum curculios, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), responded to host odor and/or visual cues to locate host trees. Experiment 1 investigated the role of odor in host location. Host branchlets (apple leaves and fruit) were compared with non-host branchlets (maple leaves). Significantly more released color-marked plum curculios arrived on screen cages containing apple branchlets than on screen cages containing maple branchlets. Experiment 2 investigated the role of visual cues, with or without host odor, in host tree location. Plum curculios arrived prefe

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4

Bannister, Jennifer M., Gary L. Lentz, and Nancy B. Austin. "Efficacy of Insecticides on Tarnished Plant Bug in Cotton, 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (1995): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.193a.

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Abstract A series of tests was conducted at the West Tennessee Experiment Station, Jackson, TN, to determine efficacy of 12 insecticides recommended for control of the tarnished plant bug (TPB) on cotton. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a RCBD. Plots were 4 rows (38-inch spacing) × 20 ft. Organdy sleeve cages were placed on 4 plants per plot and pulled down to the base of the plant. Treatments were then applied using an IH 660 Hi-Boy with a 4-row boom equipped with 3 hollowcone TXVS 4 nozzles per row (one nozzle over the row and 2 nozzles on drops) calibrated to deliver 9.44 gpa at 40 ps

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Bristow, P. R., and R. R. Martin. "Transmission and the Role of Honeybees in Field Spread of Blueberry Shock Ilarvirus, a Pollen-Borne Virus of Highbush Blueberry." Phytopathology® 89, no. 2 (1999): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1999.89.2.124.

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The rapid and random spread of blueberry shock ilarvirus (BlShV) in commercial plantings suggested that insects played a role in transmission. Transmission from infected field plants to trap plants only occurred during bloom, indicating that flowers were the avenue for infection and flower-visiting insects including pollinators were involved. Trap plants readily became infected during bloom when a honeybee hive was included in cages with diseased field plants and trap plants. There was limited transmission in cages without a hive and no transmission when healthy field bushes were caged with tr

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Orth, Gerlinde, Andreas J. Helbig, Volker Laske, and Wolfgang Wiltschko. "Migratory Orientation and Activity of the Meadow Pipit (Anthus Pratensis): a Comparative Observational and Experimental Field Study." Behaviour 103, no. 4 (1987): 276–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853987x00215.

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AbstractMeadow pipit migration and orientation was studied by (1) watching visible migration and measuring flight directions with a compass in NW-Germany (1980-1985) and (2) conducting orientation experiments with caged migrants in radial-perch cages (MERKEL & FROMME, 1958). Free-flying pipits migrated SW in autumn and NE in spring in sunny and overcast weather, but on average there was less migration under overcast. In the field migration peaked in the first two morning hours and was almost over by the end of October. Strong migration always corresponded to a minimal scatter of flight dir

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7

Kouassi, Mathias, Daniel Coderre, and Silvia I. Todorova. "Compatibility of Zineb, Dimethoate and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin Against Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae)." Journal of Entomological Science 38, no. 3 (2003): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-38.3.359.

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Experiments were conducted under laboratory and field conditions to assess the effect of the fungicide Zineb (zinc dimethyl-dithiocarbamate) and the insecticide Cygon (dimethoate) on the pathogenicity of the isolate MK 2001 of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, a potential microbial agent for biological control of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois). The isolate was highly pathogenic to adults yielding an LC50 of 7.2 × 103 conidia/mL at 6 d post treatment and an LT50 of 3.07 d at a concentration of 1 × 108 conidia/mL. Zineb inhibited the in vitro growth of the

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8

Hu, Yiyang, Haisheng Zhao, Wei Shi, Chunwei Bi, and Xin Li. "Numerical Study on Internal and External Flow Fields of the UHMWPE Cage." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 10 (2023): 1881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11101881.

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Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a new kind of fishing gear material applied in deep-sea fishing cages, which is becoming a trend. Studies on the internal and external flow fields of cages made of UHMWPE have been scarce previously. Therefore, a three-dimensional numerical model for the UHMWPE cage is established herein, where the cage is modeled by a porous media model. The Darcy–Forchheimer coefficients of the porous media are obtained by physical model experiments and numerical simulations. Then, the cylindrical cage is divided into 16 planar nets circumferentially, alon

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Wang, T., M. A. Boetel, B. W. Fuller, W. W. Chambers, and J. M. Jenson. "Efficacy of Bran Baits in Controlling Grasshoppers in South Dakota, 1990." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (1991): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.177.

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Abstract Three bran baits were evaluated in 1 m2 screen field cages for their efficacies against the lesser migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes. Forty cages were placed on a corn field near the campus of South Dakota State University and corn seedlings in the study site were less than 5 inches in height. Nine bran bait treatments and a check were arranged in a complete randomized design with 4 replicates. Bran baits were placed uniformly within cages at 2 lb of bran flakes/acre on 9 Aug. Each cage was then stocked with 20 third instar laboratory-reared nymphs.

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10

Walker, M. K., B. G. Howlett, J. A. McCallum, A. R. Wallace, and D. A. J. Teulon. "Small arthropods as pollinators in a New Zealand pak choi field trial." New Zealand Plant Protection 62 (August 1, 2009): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4791.

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Brassica seed crops are grown throughout New Zealand and worldwide and intercrop and cropweed contamination through gene flow is a major concern For Brassica large arthropods (body length > 3 mm) particularly honey bees are the most important pollinators and are considered key vectors of pollen Small arthropods (body length < 3 mm) are also abundant in Brassica crops but their role as pollinators is rarely assessed Numerous small arthropods (particularly Diptera and Thysanoptera) were recorded within cages surrounding pak choi inflorescences that excluded large arthropods Inflorescences

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11

Briand, Françoise, Patrick M. Guerin, Pierre-Joseph Charmillot, and Patrik Kehrli. "Small Cages with Insect Couples Provide a Simple Method for a Preliminary Assessment of Mating Disruption." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/960468.

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Mating disruption by sex pheromones is a sustainable, effective and widely used pest management scheme. A drawback of this technique is its challenging assessment of effectiveness in the field (e.g., spatial scale, pest density). The aim of this work was to facilitate the evaluation of field-deployed pheromone dispensers. We tested the suitability of small insect field cages for a pre-evaluation of the impact of sex pheromones on mating using the grape mothsEupoecilia ambiguellaandLobesia botrana, two major pests in vineyards. Cages consisted of a cubic metal frame of 35 cm sides, which was co

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12

Abbood, N. N., A. A. Jabir, and K. H. Youns. "The Present Status of Fish Farm in Floating Cages at Thi-Qar Governorate." Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences 32, no. 1 (2022): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.58629/mjms.v32i1.92.

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A field survey has been conducted for number of floating cages fish farms in 2016 at Thi-Qar Governorate. During a field visits for fish farms, we have distributed a survey forms, results of the survey showed that the number of fish breeding farms in cages in Thi-Qar Governorate reached 22 licensed farms included 458 cages were distributed on 7 districts. Highest number of cages was at Refayi District (164 cages) (41.20 %) of total number, and lowest number was at Shatra District (10 cages) (2.51 %) of total number. Farmed area of cages amounted 5926 m2, and total size 12637 m3, the highest of

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13

Romero, Fredy R., Kathleen Delate, and David Hannapel. "(134) Effect of Seed Source and Organic Management on Agronomic Performance of Three Species of Echinacea." HortScience 41, no. 4 (2006): 1013C—1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1013c.

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Consumption of Echinacea, one of the most popular botanical supplements, continues to expand in the United States. In addition, organic herbal products have captured a large share of the botanical supplement market. We evaluated commercial organic production of the three most-important medicinal species of Echinacea, E. angustifolia DC, E. purpurea (L) Moench., and E. pallida (Nutt.) from two seed sources. Plants were grown in the field for 3 consecutive years. We found that, during the first year, screen cages were associated with enhanced post-transplanting establishment. Growth of E. angust

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14

Liu, Jian, Weijun Xu, Qiuyu Wang, and Kuijun Zhao. "Insect predators in northeast China and their impacts on Aphis glycines." Canadian Entomologist 144, no. 6 (2012): 745–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2012.70.

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AbstractPredators of Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were surveyed and their ability to suppress A. glycines population growth was determined in Harbin, northeast China (45.4°N, 126.4°E). Field surveys were conducted on 21 fixed sampling sites in 2004 and 17 in 2005. Impacts of natural enemies of A. glycines were studied using exclosure experiments. Thirteen natural enemies were found, the most abundant of which was Propylaea japonica (Thunberg), Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Chrysopa sinica Tjeder, Chrysopa phyllochroma Wesmael, Chrysopa formosa Braue

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15

Wang, T., and B. W. Fuller. "Efficacy of two Toxicants as Bran Bait for the Bigheaded Grasshopper, 1990." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (1991): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.214.

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Abstract Two toxicants on wheat bran bait were compared in field cages for their efficacies against the bigheaded grasshopper, Aulocara elliotti in Belle Fourche, S. Dak. The dense vegetation in the test site was dominated by western wheatgrass, Agropyron smithii Rydb., blue gramma, Bouteloua gracilis (H. B. K.) and buffalograss, Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. Field cages (1 m2) were placed on the test site and freed of grasshoppers and other predators. Lorsban (chlorpyrifos), formulated as 1 and 3% bran bait, and Carbaryl, formulated as 2% bran bait, were applied on 31 Jul to the cages a

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16

Moeck, Henry A., and Clarence S. Simmons. "PRIMARY ATTRACTION OF MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE HOPK. (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), TO BOLTS OF LODGEPOLE PINE." Canadian Entomologist 123, no. 2 (1991): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent123299-2.

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AbstractThree field tests were conducted in which fresh lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas var. latifolia Engl.) material, namely bolts with and without bark, bark only, and freshly tapped resin, were placed in beetle-excluding “greenhouse” cages; empty cages served as controls. Two “window” flight traps per cage, at right angles to each other, caught mountain pine beetles (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) arriving at the cages. Significantly more mountain pine beetles were trapped at cages baited with bolts and wood only than at empty control cages. Primary attraction in the mountain pine

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17

Grčak, Dragan, Desimir Knežević, Milosav Grčak, et al. "Damages in wheat varieties caused by cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus L.) under treatment by insecticides." AgroReS 13 (May 15, 2024): 131–37. https://doi.org/10.7251/zars2401131g.

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Cereal leaf beetle – CLB (Oulema melanopa L.), both adults and larvae cause significant damage leaves of wheat, which can be reduced by the use of insecticides to control the pest. The aim of this work was study of damage flag leaf in wheat varieties caused by cereal leaf beetle and efficiency of insecticide applayd for plant protection wheat against CLB. The three varieties of wheat: Zemunska Rosa, Aurelia, and Belija, were used for the study in a field designed in three repetitions with entomological cages with an area of 1 m2. The experiment caried out on field condition in Maize Research I

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18

Zhao, Kao Zhong, and Jian Jiang Liu. "Multiple Cross-Laminated Container Floor Temperature Field Based on ANSYS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.83.

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Concrete composite beam floor cage floor as a new form , with a saving of steel and concrete , lighter weight, the advantages of high capacity , and has been more widely used in engineering. Therefore , to carry out the new concrete composite beam floor cages fire behavior for large spaces , large span areas is necessary. This article is the use of finite element software ANSYS multi-span composite floor beams cages fire tests to simulate life and death through SOLID70 unit features analog composite bottom plate before and after bursting floor temperature field and gives composite floor box ov

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19

Zomeño, Cristina, Francesco Bordignon, Gerolamo Xiccato, et al. "Role of housing system and season on the carcass and meat quality traits of growing rabbits reared in Italian commercial farms." World Rabbit Science 31, no. 3 (2023): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2023.19230.

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The aim of this study was to compare the carcass traits and meat quality of growing rabbits reared in four types of commercially available housing systems (i.e. bicellular cages, dual-purpose cages, enriched cages and elevated pens) across three production cycles covering different seasons (i.e. autumn, winter and summer) under field conditions. The rabbits originated from 12 commercial farms (three farms per housing system) located in the Northeast of Italy and were slaughtered in five commercial slaughterhouses at a slaughter age from 71 to 90 d. Twenty carcasses per farm and cycle were rand

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20

Schnelle, Th, T. Müller, and G. Fuhr. "Trapping in AC octode field cages." Journal of Electrostatics 50, no. 1 (2000): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3886(00)00012-7.

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21

Boetel, M. A., B. W. Fuller, D. R. Bergland, and D. D. Walgenbach. "Bran Bait Efficacy for Control of Grasshoppers in South Dakota, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, no. 1 (1990): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.180.

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Abstract Two bran bait studies were conducted in 1 m2 screen field cages. Bran bait at a 2.0 lb/acre rate was placed uniformly within cages on 29 Jul. The first study used 20 twostriped grasshoppers/cage on 29 Jul with 4 seedling corn plants (20 cm). In the second study, 20 redlegged grasshoppers were placed in cages on 18 Aug containing freshly mowed Kentucky bluegrass. Treatment mortality counts were made 5 and 4 d postapplication in cages containing corn and bluegrass, respectively. The second study evaluated Dimilin, and live grasshoppers were counted 14 d postapplication. A completely ran

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22

Williams, C. T. "Effects of plant age, leaf age and virus yellows infection on the population dynamics of Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) on sugarbeet in field plots." Bulletin of Entomological Research 85, no. 4 (1995): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748530003306x.

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AbstractField experiments in which clip-caged apterae of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) were monitored on sugarbeet revealed that leaf age, plant age and infection of the host with beet yellows closterovirus (BYV) had very large effects on aphid performance (development, reproduction and survival). On healthy plants performance was much better on young, expanding heart leaves than on older leaves. Performance on senescent leaves was poor. When apterae were kept on young heart leaves all their lives (by moving clip-cages to younger leaves every 4 days) there was a strong negativ

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23

Montà-González, Giovanni, Eduardo Ortiz-Gómez, Rocío López-Lima, Guillermo Fiorini, Ramón Martínez-Máñez, and Vicente Martí-Centelles. "Water-Soluble Molecular Cages for Biological Applications." Molecules 29, no. 7 (2024): 1621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29071621.

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The field of molecular cages has attracted increasing interest in relation to the development of biological applications, as evidenced by the remarkable examples published in recent years. Two key factors have contributed to this achievement: First, the remarkable and adjustable host–guest chemical properties of molecular cages make them highly suitable for biological applications. This allows encapsulating therapeutic molecules to improve their properties. Second, significant advances have been made in synthetic methods to create water-soluble molecular cages. Achieving the necessary water so

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Villavaso, Eric J. "Attractiveness, Responsiveness, Mating, and Flight of Irradiated Tarnished Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae)." Journal of Entomological Science 42, no. 2 (2007): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-42.2.286.

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To further evaluate the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), as a candidate for sterile insect technique (SIT), adults were treated with doses of 10 or 20 krad gamma-irradiation to determine the effects on flight, mating, attractiveness of females and responsiveness of males. Nearly all irradiated and unirradiated bugs flew from Petri dishes fitted with inverted cones. Male mating success of irradiated insects trended lower than that of unirradiated insects in laboratory tests, but was significantly lower than that of unirradiated insects in field cages. Irradiated male

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Mullens, Bradley A., and Laura E. Rodriguez. "Field Evaluation of Abg-6162A (Thuringiensin) as a Fly Larvicide, 1986." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (1988): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.408.

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Abstract Three open-sided, adjacent caged-layer poultry houses on a ranch in San Bernardino, California, were selected for the test. Houses were 187 m long and had’ single rows of suspended cages (3 birds per 30 by 45 cm cage) on each side. Two rows of double (back-to-back) cages ran down the center portion of each house. Manure accumulated beneath the birds and was 30-40 cm deep at the time of the test. Water leaks and poor air flow contributed to a moderately wet manure condition in the center rows of all 3 houses; M. domestica larvae were abundant and well distributed. Areas of noticeable m

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Wang, Bin, Mingfu Tang, Zhenqiang Jiang, and Guohai Dong. "Hydrodynamic Analysis of Combined Offshore Wind Turbine and Net Cage Under Finite-Depth Waves." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 5 (2025): 924. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050924.

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Offshore wind turbines are subjected to long-term wave loads, which shorten their service life. Marine aquaculture cages are common structures in the ocean engineering field. Therefore, investigating the hydrodynamic characteristics of combined wind turbine and cage facilities under wave loads is crucial. This study employs a porous medium model to analyze the hydrodynamic behavior of a fixed wind turbine base integrated with cages under finite-depth wave conditions. First, the transmission coefficients of waves passing through cages at different positions were examined under varying cage soli

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Tedders, W. L., and B. W. Wood. "FIELD STUDIES OF THREE SPECIES OF APHIDS ON PECAN: AN IMPROVED CAGE FOR COLLECTING HONEYDEW AND GLUCOSE-EQUIVALENTS CONTAINED IN HONEYDEW1." Journal of Entomological Science 22, no. 1 (1987): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-22.1.23.

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Cages were designed for isolating single aphids and for collecting honeydew excreted by aphids. The cages were easy to construct and use and protected the aphids and honeydew from rainfall and predators. The cages did not cause condensation of leaf transpiration within. Glucose-equivalents in honeydew excreted by each instar of Monellia caryella (Fitch), Monelliopsis pecanis Bissell, and Melanocallis caryaefoliae (Davis) were measured. Honeydew of M. caryella contained 9 and 13 times more glucose-equivalents than M. pecanis and M. caryaefoliae, respectively. All instars of each aphid species p

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Farooq, Muhammad, James E. Cilek, Evan Sumners, et al. "Potential of Outdoor Ultra-Low–Volume Aerosol and Thermal Fog to Suppress the Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti, Inside Dwellings." Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 36, no. 3 (2020): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/20-6922.1.

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ABSTRACT A field study investigated penetration of outdoor ground ultra-low–volume (ULV) aerosol and thermal fog adulticide applications into a dwelling to control the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (L). Four applications of Kontrol 4-4 (4.6% permethrin active ingredient [AI], 4.6% piperonyl butoxide) at the maximum label rate were made at 25–30 m in front of a house at Camp Blanding Joint Training Center, Starke, FL, during summer 2016. The ULV sprayer and thermal fogger nozzles were oriented horizontally, and vehicle travel speeds were 16 and 24 km/h, respectively. All doors and windows of the

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Wang, T., and B. W. Fuller. "Comparative Efficacy of Two Toxicants as Foliar Spray for the Bigheaded Grasshopper, 1990." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (1991): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.214a.

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Abstract Two toxicants for mulated as foliar sprayable were compared in field cages for efficacy against the bigheaded grasshopper, Aulocara elliotti in Belle Fourche, S. Dak. Western wheatgrass, Agropyron smithii Rydb., blue gramma, Bouteloua gracilis (H. B. K.) and buffalograss, Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm dominated the dense vegetation at the test site. Field cages (1.0 m2) were placed on the test site and freed of grasshoppers and other predators. Asana (esfenvalerate) XL and Lorsban were applied using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer on 13 Aug at rates equivalent to field applica

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30

Follett, Peter A., Xiuxiu Sun, and Spencer S. Walse. "Host Status of Persian Lime (Citrus latifolia Tan.) to Oriental Fruit Fly and Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawai’i." Insects 15, no. 10 (2024): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15100799.

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We investigated the host status of harvest-ready green Persian lime, Citrus x latifolia Tan. (Rutaceae), to Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis [Hendel]) and Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata [Wiedemann]) (Diptera: Tephritidae) using laboratory and field studies. In forced-infestation small cage exposures (using 25 × 25 × 25 cm screened cages with 50 gravid females) and large olfactometer cage tests (using 2.9 × 2.9 × 2.5 m walk-in screened cages with 100 gravid females), punctured limes were infested by Oriental fruit fly and Mediterranean fruit fly at low rates compared to papa

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Rekilä, Teppo, Leena Ahola, Jaakko Mononen, and Mikko Harri. "Effect of the environment inside and outside the cage on the activity and behaviour test performance of silver foxes." Agricultural and Food Science 7, no. 1 (1998): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72851.

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On the basis of daily activity in the home cage and the open field test the effect of the internal design and location of cages on the behaviour of silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) during a growth period was evaluated. The inclusion of platforms in cages increased the daytime activity of silver foxes in their home cage, but the inclusion of nest boxes did not. Silver foxes housed at the front of the animal barn were less active during the working day and more active in the evening than were animals housed at the rear. The results of the open field test did not differ significantly between animals

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Morrisey, Donald J. "Factors affecting individual body weight in field populations of the mudsnail Hydrobia ulvae." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 70, no. 1 (1990): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400034238.

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Differences in average body size among allopatric and sympatric populations of hydrobiid mudsnails have been interpreted as the consequence of interspecific competitive interactions. Recently, however, doubts have been expressed concerning the certainty with which size differences can be ascribed simply to character displacement. Other environmental factors are known to influence body size in hydrobiids. In the present study one of these, sediment type, was investigated.Average body weight of Hydrobia ulvae (Pennant) living on fine mud was consistently higher than that of members of the same s

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Saponari, Maria, Francesco Palmisano, Crescenza Dongiovanni, et al. "Establishment of an experimental field to explore the differential olive cultivar response to Xylella fastidiosa infection." Journal of Plant Pathology 98, no. 4 (Supplement) (2016): S28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.268873.

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While different sources of natural resistance to <em>Xylella fastidiosa</em> (<em>Xf</em>) have been described in grapevines and citrus, lack of consolidated information exists on the wide panel of cultivars characterizing the vast olive germplasm. Preliminary observations on few cultivars, support the evidence that differential cultivar responses to <em>Xf</em> infections may exist. To explore the response of a larger panel of cultivars, in April 2015, an experimental olive plot, located within the <em>Xf</em>-heavily affected olive groves, was established in the Apulia Region (Italy). Twenty

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Menke, Carsten, Ekkehard Diemann, and Achim Müller. "Polyoxovanadate clusters and cages: force-field parameterization." Journal of Molecular Structure 436-437 (December 1997): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2860(97)00203-2.

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Suckling, D. M., J. G. Charles, D. Allen, and P. S. Stevens. "Possibility of control of painted apple moth (Teia anartoides) using single component mating disruption." New Zealand Plant Protection 55 (August 1, 2002): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2002.55.3904.

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Disruption of mate location by painted apple moth males was tested using two 3M sprayable formulations of Z6heneicosen11one applied in field cages at Glendene Auckland Four Acacia branches were installed upright in each field cage and the sprays were applied at 50 l pheromone in 1 litre of water to the foliage and walls A third field cage located upwind was left untreated Up to 50 of males located virgin female moths in the control cage compared to very low or zero in the cages treated with sprayable pheromone The test indicates that single component mating disruption of painted apple moth is

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Stieve*, Susan M., and David Tay. "Seed Production of Field- and Greenhouse-Grown Herbaceous Ornamental Plants: Flowering and Pollinator Effects." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 891C—891. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.891c.

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Seeds of herbaceous ornamental accessions conserved by the USDA National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) are traditionally produced in summer field cages with honey bees (Apis mellifera) when pollinators are required. Efficient methods to produce high-quality seed in greenhouses may allow for year-round seed production. Flower quantities and effects of pollinators on number and weight of seed produced were studied in field cages and greenhouses at the Ornamental Plant Germplasm Center in 2003 in a randomized complete-block experiment. Honey bees, bumblebees (Bombus impatiens), or blue bottle fli

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Halbritter, Dale A., Min B. Rayamajhi, Gregory S. Wheeler, Jorge G. Leidi, Jenna R. Owens, and Carly A. Cogan. "Advances in Mass Rearing Pseudophilothrips ichini (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), a Biological Control Agent for Brazilian Peppertree in Florida." Insects 12, no. 9 (2021): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12090790.

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Pseudophilothrips ichini is a recently approved biological control agent for the highly invasive Brazilian peppertree in Florida, USA. Prior to approval for field release in 2019, thrips colonies used for host specificity testing were produced and maintained in small cylinders to fit in restricted quarantine spaces. This next segment in the classical biological control pipeline is mass production and distribution of P. ichini. To accomplish this, we developed novel techniques to expand from small colony maintenance to large-scale production. We first quantified the productivity of the small cy

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Aldana, Marcela, Diego Maturana, José Pulgar, and M. Roberto García-Huidobro. "Predation and anthropogenic impact on community structure of boulder beaches." Scientia Marina 80, no. 4 (2016): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04444.27a.

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Predator impacts on intertidal community structure have been studied for rocky platforms, but intertidal boulder fields, a habitat with a greater extension and heterogeneity, have not yet been considered. Keeping in mind that disturbances are considered an important force in determining intertidal habitat diversity, the aims of this work were to describe and quantify boulder field community structure and to assess boulder field community dynamics by proposing possible food webs, taking into consideration predatory and anthropogenic impacts. These aims were achieved by installing predator-exclu

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Wardhana, April H., and Sukarsih . "Technique development of attractant test for Chrysomya bezziana in laboratory and semi-field conditions." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 9, no. 1 (2014): 37–45. https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v9i1.426.

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Swormlure (SL-2), synthetic attractant for the New World Screwworm Fly (NWSF), Cochliomya hominivorax, have been developed and used in the America. The effectiveness of swormlure in attracting the Old World Screwworm Fly (OWSF), Chrysomya bezziana is not well defined. The aim of the study was to provide suitable condition of the attractant in trapping the higher number at the OWSF in laboratory (cage assay) and semi-field (room assay) conditions. The cage assay to screen responses olfactory stimuli of OWSF was developed to asses the fly responses to lights, exhaust fan (on or off), the fliesâ€

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Meyer, Jeffery A., Tracy Cyr, J. David Mandeville, and William D. McKeen. "Evaluation of Larvadex 5SC for Controlling Development of Fannia SPP., 1986." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (1988): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.404.

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Abstract The test facility was a small, caged-layer house containing 4 rows of back-to-back cages; the 2 center rows were utilized for this evaluation. Each cage was 12 inches × 16 inches and held 3 birds. The 5% soluble concentrate formulation of Larvadex (cyromazine,N-cyclopropyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine, CGA-72662) was applied to poultry manure at rates of 0.05 and 0.10%. Each rate was sprayed on either a weekly or biweekly schedule at 0.75 gal/100 ft2 with a 2 gal B & G sprayer at 40 psi. Each treatment was replicated 4 times, utilizing a randomized complete block design. One repl

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Johnson, D. T., and R. L. Mayes. "Peach, Insecticide Tests, 1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (1986): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.80a.

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Abstract At the Peach Substation in Nashville, AR, a row of peaches (% or more petal fall) containing 18 trees (5 yr old) spaced 2m apart was used in the TPB test. Prior to spraying, 50 cm long × 15 cm-diameter organdy cloth cages were placed over peach limbs containing several fruit, the cages were compressed into a ball and covered with a piece of aluminum foil in order to keep cloth free of residue. Insecticides were sprayed to the foliage of each 2 adjacent trees to runoff (ca. 1 gal/tree) on 9 Apr with a 5-horsepower hydraulic sprayer set at 250 psi and a handgun with a no. 4 disc nozzle.

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Astuti, Lismining Pujiyani, Andri Warsa, Agus Arifin Sentosa, Didik Wahju Hendro Tjahjo, and Tarzan Sembiring. "Phytoremediation for Nutrient Removal in an Environmentally Friendly Floating Cage System: A Field Experiment." Sains Malaysiana 52, no. 10 (2023): 2761–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5210-03.

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Aquaculture is one of the efforts to optimize the utilization of water bodies. Aquaculture using floating net cages is detrimental to water, namely causing pollution from uneaten feed and fish excretion. Water quality would be degraded due to eutrophication, oxygen depletion, and uncontrolled growth of algae and aquatic plants. High concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus mainly trigger water quality degradation and eutrophication. To reduce the negative impact of aquaculture activities in floating net cages in reservoir/lake waters, an environmentally friendly cage technology that is low wa

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Avram, Liat, and Yoram Cohen. "Diffusion NMR of molecular cages and capsules." Chemical Society Reviews 44, no. 2 (2015): 586–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00197d.

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Jerabek, Andrea S., Kara R. Wall, and Christopher D. Stallings. "A practical application of reduced-copper antifouling paint in marine biological research." PeerJ 4 (July 14, 2016): e2213. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2213.

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Biofouling of experimental cages and other field apparatuses can be problematic for scientists and has traditionally been addressed using frequent manual removal (e.g., scraping, scrubbing). Recent environmental restrictions and legislative changes have driven the development of less hazardous antifouling products, making antifouling paint a potential alternative option to manual removal. Consequently, the viability of using these newly developed products as a replacement for the manual cleaning of exclusion cages was experimentally investigated. There were six treatments tested, comprising th

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Abel, Craig A., Richard L. Wilson, and Richard L. Luhman. "Pollinating Efficacy of Osmia cornifrons and Osmia lignaria subsp. lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) on Three Brassicaceae Species Grown Under Field Cages." Journal of Entomological Science 38, no. 4 (2003): 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-38.4.545.

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Until 1997, honey bees, Apis mellifera L., were used to pollinate Brassicaceae grown in field cages at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station (NCRPIS), at Ames, IA. At this time, a solitary bee, Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski), was first employed to pollinate the crop in field cages; however, a native bee species, Osmia lignaria subsp. lignaria Say, out-competes O. cornifrons in central Iowa for artificial nesting sites erected for rearing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of these two solitary bee species for producing Brassica napus, B. rapa, and Sinap

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M. Bahrus Syakirin, Ashari Fahrurrozi, Tri Yusufi Mardiana, et al. "Pendayagunaan Lahan Sawah Puso Akibat Rob Untuk Budidaya Ikan Nila Salin di Kelurahan Padukuhan Kraton Kota Pekalongan." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Nusantara 5, no. 1 (2023): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.57214/pengabmas.v5i1.209.

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Global warming causes one of the impacts in the form of tidal floods which harm the community because the rice fields for planting rice become unusable. An alternative land use used in community service is the aquaculture of saline tilapia in floating cages in the rice field area of Puso. The purpose of this activity is to provide knowledge to the public regarding tilapia fish farming with fixed cages and can be applied for the welfare of their income. The method used is in the form of counseling and direct observation to determine areas that will be used for piloting. The results of the servi

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Migdał, Paweł, Adam Roman, Aneta Strachecka, Agnieszka Murawska, and Paweł Bieńkowski. "Changes of selected biochemical parameters of the honeybee under the influence of an electric field at 50 Hz and variable intensities." Apidologie 51, no. 6 (2020): 956–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13592-020-00774-1.

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AbstractTwo-day-old honeybee workers (± 6 h) were placed in cages and supplied with sucrose solution (1 mol/dm3) ad libitum. Subsequently, the cages with bees were placed in an electric field (E-field) exposure system with field intensities of 5.0 kV/m, 11.5 kV/m, 23 kV/m, and 34.5 kV/m. The duration of exposure was 1 h, 3 h, and 6 h. The biochemical parameters SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power), and also acidic, neutral, and alkaline proteases in the worker bee hemolymph were analyzed. The E-field increased activities of antioxidant system

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Paiz-Moscoso, Keila Elizabeth, Luis Alberto Cisneros-Vázquez, Rogelio Danís-Lozano, et al. "Design and Evaluation of a Sticky Attractant Trap for Intra-Domiciliary Surveillance of Aedes aegypti Populations in Mexico." Insects 14, no. 12 (2023): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14120940.

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Surveillance consists of systematic data collection, analysis, and interpretation and is essential for planning and implementing control activities. The lack of success in the control and surveillance of the Ae. aegypti mosquito elsewhere demands the development of new accessible and effective strategies. This work aimed to develop and evaluate an adhesive lure trap for household indoor surveillance of Ae. aegypti. Based on a bibliographic review, four compounds that have significant attraction percentages for Ae. aegypti were considered. Our more effective blend was determined through prelimi

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Åkesson, Susanne, Niclas Jonzén, Jan Pettersson, Mattias Rundberg, and Roland Sandberg. "Effects of magnetic manipulations on orientation: comparing diurnal and nocturnal passerine migrants on Capri, Italy in autumn." Ornis Svecica 16, no. 1–2 (2006): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v16.22724.

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Orientation cage experiments were performed on Capri in Italy, with a diurnal passerine migrant (Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis), and a nocturnal passerine migrant (Garden Warbler Sylvia borin), to study the use of magnetic compass information during autumn passage migration. The experiments were performed outdoors at sunset in: (1) the local geomagnetic field under natural clear skies, (2) a shifted magnetic field (mN −90°) under clear skies, and (3) a shifted magnetic field (mN −90°) under simulated overcast skies. Day migrating Tree Pipits showed a clear shift in orientation compared to contro

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Berezina, Nadezhda, Alexey Maximov, Andrey Sharov, Yulia Gubelit, and Sergei Kholodkevich. "Environmental Assessment with Cage Exposure in the Neva Estuary, Baltic Sea: Metal Bioaccumulation and Physiologic Activity of Bivalve Molluscs." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 9 (2023): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11091756.

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The rise in anthropogenic impacts on the marine environment requires new water management. The use of a triadic approach (bioaccumulation, bioassay, and physiological biomarkers) has been shown to have good applicability for the comparative assessment of the environmental state of the Neva Estuary (Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea). The novelty of the methodological approach of the study was that it involved both active and passive bio-monitoring methods for assessing the quality of estuarine environment. The classical analyses of metal concentration in bottom sediments, in field biota (fish and mo

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