Academic literature on the topic 'Field Delivered Therapy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Field Delivered Therapy"
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Mittal, S., F. John, A. Naveh, Z. Bomzon, G. R. Barger, and C. Juhasz. "P14.69 Evaluation of electric field intensity delivered by Tumor-Treating Fields therapy to PET-defined metabolic volumes in recurrent glioblastomas." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_3 (August 2019): iii83—iii84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz126.304.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Tumor-Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy is a clinical treatment option for patients with newly-diagnosed and recurrent glioblastomas. Electric field intensities (EFIs) delivered to the tumor mass may affect treatment responses. In this study, we used the patients’ neuroimaging data to create realistic head models and evaluate: (i) the magnitude of EFIs delivered to the tumor mass; (ii) factors affecting the EFI values; and (iii) factors affecting treatment responses as assessed by amino acid PET. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fourteen recurrent glioblastomas in 9 patients were evaluated with α-[11C]-methyl-L-tryptophan (AMT)-PET before and up to 3 months after TTFields therapy (mean follow-up: 2.3 months). Individual MRI and CT scans were used to create patient-specific realistic head models and simulate TTFields delivery to the tumors. For each direction of treatment (antero-posterior, left-right), two 9-disk transducer arrays were simulated using disks placed according to the patients’ NovoTAL System™ based treatment plan. To generate TTFields, an alternating voltage difference (200V peak-to-peak, 200 kHz) was imposed on the outer surfaces of the disks. The simulations were performed using the Sim4Life V3.0 (ZMT-Zurich) quasi-electrostatic solver. The field intensities were normalized to simulate 2A peak-to-peak current supplied by the device. 3D EFI maps were created and fused with the pre- and post-TTFields PET images to measure EFIs delivered to the PET-defined metabolic tumor volume. Interval changes of static AMT uptake and kinetic PET variables were also evaluated. RESULTS The mean EFI delivered to the tumors varied between 1.34–2.43 V/cm (mean: 1.86 V/cm). Fronto-parietal tumors received higher mean EFI than temporal lobe tumors (p=0.05). Most tumors showed decreasing (n=9) or stable (n=4) AMT uptake on follow-up PET imaging after TTFields therapy. Higher EFIs delivered to the tumors (r=-0.56, p=0.04) and concomitant bevacizumab treatment (n=7, p=0.01) were associated with a greater PET response. On tracer kinetic analysis, the AMT uptake responses correlated with transport rate changes (p=0.04). CONCLUSION TTFields treatment of recurrent glioblastomas delivers variable EFIs to the metabolic tumor volume. Treatment responses on PET are driven by decreased amino acid transport rates, whose magnitude is associated with higher EFIs delivered to the tumor mass and also with concomitant antiangiogenic treatment in those with combined therapy. (The cost of the PET scans was supported by a grant from NovoCure Ltd., Haifa, Israel)
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Steiner, Katherine C., Veronica Davila, Charlotte K. Kent, Janice K. Chaw, Lyn Fischer, and Jeffrey D. Klausner. "Field-Delivered Therapy Increases Treatment for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea." American Journal of Public Health 93, no. 6 (June 2003): 882–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.93.6.882.
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Bomzon, Zeev, Noa Urman, Hadas Sara Hershkovich, Eilon David Kirson, Ariel Naveh, Reuven Shamir, Eduard Federov, Cornelia Wenger, and Uri Weinberg. "A general approach to optimizing tumor treating fields therapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e14668-e14668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e14668.
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e14668 Background: Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are alternating electric fields used to non-invasively treat cancer. TTFields are delivered via transducer arrays placed on the skin close to the tumor. Post-hoc analysis [1] has shown that delivering higher field power to the tumor and increasing usage (percent of time patient is actively treated) improve patient survival. Thus, optimizing the position of arrays to maximize TTFields power at the tumor could improve survival. At the same time, minimizing the array area to maximize patient comfort and consequently maximizing usage is also likely to improve survival. However, optimizing TTFields delivery is non-trivial since the field distribution is influenced by array positioning and geometry, the anatomy of the patient and the heterogeneous electric properties of different tissues. Here we present a general approach to optimizing Tumor Treating Fields using numerical simulations. Methods: Delivery of TTFields to the brains, lungs and abdomens of realistic computational models was investigated. The effect of the transducer array size and position on the field distribution within the phantoms was analyzed, and an approach for optimizing TTFields delivery developed. Results: Field power is generally highest in the region between the arrays, with larger arrays generally delivering higher field power. Anatomical features such as bones, the spine or a resection cavity significantly influence the field within this region. A general approach to optimizing TTFields delivery is: Maximize field power by using the largest arrays possible. To maximize patient comfort, array size are chose so that significant portions of the skin in the region of disease are not covered by the arrays. Place virtual arrays on a realistic computational model of the patient such that the tumor is located between them and simulate TTFields delivery to the patient. Apply an iterative algorithm to shift the arrays around their initial positions until field power in the tumor bed is maximized. Conclusions: We have developed a general approach to optimizing delivery of TTFields to the tumor. Effective TTFields treatment planning is expected to improve patient outcome. [1] Ballo et. al., submitted to RED Journal 2018.
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Inyang, Samuel Okon, and Alan Chamberlain. "Qualitative analysis of irregular fields delivered with dual electron multileaf collimator: A Monte Carlo study." Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjmpe-2016-0002.
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Abstract The use of a dual electron multileaf collimator (eMLC) to collimate therapeutic electron beam without the use of cutouts has been previously shown to be feasible. Further Monte Carlo simulations were performed in this study to verify the nature and appearance of the isodose distribution in water phantom of irregular electron beams delivered by the eMLC. Electron fields used in this study were selected to reflect those used in electron beam therapy. Results of this study show that the isodose distribution in a water phantom obtained from the simulation of irregular electron beams through the eMLC conforms to the pattern of the eMLC used in the delivery of the beam. It is therefore concluded that the dual eMLC could deliver isodose distributions reflecting the pattern of the eMLC field that was used in the delivery of the beam.
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Wroe, Andrew, Anatoly Rosenfeld, and Reinhard Schulte. "Out-of-field dose equivalents delivered by proton therapy of prostate cancer." Medical Physics 34, no. 9 (August 7, 2007): 3449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2759839.
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Attenburrow, Mary Jane, and Katharine Smith. "Internet-delivered therapy for anxiety disorders: a solution to unequal access to treatment?" BJPsych Advances 21, no. 5 (September 2015): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.21.5.291.
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SummaryAnxiety disorders are common, often have a chronic course and frequently coexist with other psychiatric disorders. Psychological therapy is recommended as first-line treatment, but equitable access remains a challenge. This month's Cochrane Corner review assesses the evidence for the efficacy of therapist-supported cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders delivered via the internet. Although internet delivery of therapy is attractive for many reasons, and the results of this preliminary review suggest that it is efficacious, this is a rapidly expanding field. Further updates of this review will include more evidence to support or refute the use of this new method of treatment delivery, either alongside or in preference to standard face-to-face CBT.
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Hazelton, Christine, Alex Pollock, Glyn Walsh, and Marian C. Brady. "Scanning training for rehabilitation of visual field loss due to stroke: Identifying and exploring training tools in use." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 82, no. 8 (November 8, 2018): 502–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308022618809900.
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IntroductionVisual field loss affects one fifth of stroke survivors, limiting daily activities and reducing quality of life. Scanning training is a commonly used intervention, but there is variation in how this is delivered. This study aimed to identify the scanning training tools used in Scotland and describe their training parameters, delivery and suitability for use with stroke survivors.MethodAn email survey identified scanning training tools used in Scotland. Two expert panel meetings gained consensus on the motor, language and cognitive skills required to use each scanning training tool. Video capture techniques gathered objective measures of training parameters.ResultsTen scanning training tools were identified. These tools used four delivery methods: paper-based, computer software, web-based and specialised equipment. They aimed to improve reading, perception or general visual skills. Fast, saccadic eye movements were most frequently targeted: two interventions also encouraged head movements. Session duration, frequency and therapist support varied considerably. The level of motor, language and cognitive skills required for each tool was determined.ConclusionScanning training tools used in Scotland vary in delivery modality, functional abilities required for use and visual skills trained. This information will support clinical decision-making and inform future research on training effectiveness and feasibility.
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Wroe, Andrew, Anatoly Rosenfeld, and Reinhard Schulte. "Erratum: “Out-of-field dose equivalents delivered by proton therapy of prostate cancer”." Medical Physics 35, no. 7Part1 (June 26, 2008): 3398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2940156.
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Bechir, Edwin Sever, Farah Bechir, and Bogdan Vladila. "Effects of Electromagnetic Field Use on Jaw Bone Densification." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 12 (January 15, 2019): 3705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.12.6824.
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The working hypothesis started from the premise of the benefits of the electromagnetic field therapy (EMFT) benefits in order to densify the periodontal bone tissues. The objective of this study was to quantify the results of using this therapy with the Electronic Doctor Stem Generator (EDSG) in the densification of affected alveolar bone tissues by clinical and radiological examinations. The study was performed on 30 patients, who benefited from adjuvant therapy in the electromagnetic field (EMF) with the EDSG device after performing the specific dental treatments. We applied these very low-frequency EMF bioactivation treatment delivered by EDSG device, 30 daily exposures for a 2-hour interval. The results proved the appreciable reduction of teeth mobility, the reduction of periodontal pockets depth and the bone regeneration in the regions exposed to the EMF produced by EDSG device. EMF adjuvant therapy with EDSG device is an innovative, atraumatic and non-invasive therapy.
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Omichi, Ryotaro, Seiji B. Shibata, Cynthia C. Morton, and Richard J. H. Smith. "Gene therapy for hearing loss." Human Molecular Genetics 28, R1 (June 22, 2019): R65—R79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddz129.
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Abstract Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common sensory disorder. Its underlying etiologies include a broad spectrum of genetic and environmental factors that can lead to hearing loss that is congenital or late onset, stable or progressive, drug related, noise induced, age related, traumatic or post-infectious. Habilitation options typically focus on amplification using wearable or implantable devices; however exciting new gene-therapy-based strategies to restore and prevent SNHL are actively under investigation. Recent proof-of-principle studies demonstrate the potential therapeutic potential of molecular agents delivered to the inner ear to ameliorate different types of SNHL. Correcting or preventing underlying genetic forms of hearing loss is poised to become a reality. Herein, we review molecular therapies for hearing loss such as gene replacement, antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference and CRISPR-based gene editing. We discuss delivery methods, techniques and viral vectors employed for inner ear gene therapy and the advancements in this field that are paving the way for basic science research discoveries to transition to clinical trials.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Field Delivered Therapy"
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Ebbing, Brittany. "Analysis of Field Delivered Therapy for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea in Maricopa County." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623429.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.Chlamydia and gonorrhea are among the most frequently reported infectious diseases in the United States. These two diseases are easily treated with antibiotics; however, challenges exist in providing treatment to cases and their sexual partners. Maricopa County implemented a Field Delivered Therapy (FDT) protocol to treat chlamydia and gonorrhea cases and contacts in 2009. Ultimately, this project sought to inform other public health departments across the United States regarding the benefits of FDT program to treat gonorrhea and chlamydia and provide better insight on how to treat the two most commonly reported infectious diseases. Existing data was analyzed from April 1, 2011 to October 31, 2014 (42 months) for all patients that received FDT in Maricopa County utilizing pharmacy records and electronic health records (PRISM and eClinicalWorks). The following pieces of information were collected from these data sources: gender, age, race/ethnicity, diagnosis, number of partners, and time to treatment. The data were then divided into four FDT groups (FDT, expedited partner therapy via FDT, FDT attempted and FDT planned). There were 172 patients in this analysis; 140 diagnosed or in contact with chlamydia and 16 diagnosed or in contact with gonorrhea. There were 79 patients (45.9%) in the FDT group, 28 (16.3%) in the FDT EPT group, 28 (16.3%) in the FDT attempted and 37 (21.5%) in the FDT planned group. The median age of these patients was 23.8 (range 16.6‐31); 111 (64.5%) were female. The median time to treatment for these patients was 24.6 days (range 0‐64.5 days). Most patients (79.6%) lived outside of central Phoenix. The median number of sexual partners reported by these patients was 6.6 (range 1‐19.7 partners). A majority of the patients were <25 years old, except for in the FDT EPT group where 100% of patients were >25 years old. And the group with the largest <19‐year‐old population (32%) was in the FDT group. All the groups had a female majority, except in the FDT EPT group where 75% of the patients were male. Most patients in the FDT only group received testing at an outside hospital or outpatient clinic, while the FDT attempted and planned were more often tested at the STD clinic. Future Direction/Conclusion Many of the patients that received FDT are young women, some pregnant, that lived outside of Central Phoenix. However, a majority of the overall clients that received expedited partner therapy via FDT were male, a typically hard to reach population for treatment of potentially asymptomatic infections. This study demonstrates an effective method of delivering partner treatment to men. This study can be used to inform other public health departments about this novel practice and to help Maricopa County grow their FDT program to reach even more untreated patients.
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Henslee, Brian Earl. "Physiological and Microdevice Effects on Electric Field and Gene Delivery in Electroporation." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275334010.
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Martinez, Banderas Aldo. "A Combined Chemical and Magneto-Mechanical Induction of Cancer Cell Death by the Use of Functionalized Magnetic Iron Nanowires." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/606100.
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Cancer prevails as one of the most devastating diseases being at the top of death causes for adults despite continuous development and innovation in cancer therapy. Nanotechnology may be used to achieve therapeutic dosing, establish sustained-release drug profiles, and increase the half-life of drugs. In this context, magnetic nanowires (NWs) have shown a good biocompatibility and cellular internalization with a low cytotoxic effect. In this thesis, I induced cancer cell death by combining the chemotherapeutic effect of iron NWs functionalized with Doxorubicin (DOX) with mechanical disturbance under a low frequency alternating magnetic field. Two different agents, APTES and BSA, were separately used for coating NWs permitting further functionalization with DOX. Internalization was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed for both formulations by confocal reflection microscopy and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. From confocal reflection analysis, BSA formulations demonstrate to have a higher internalization degree and a broader distribution within the cells in comparison to APTES formulations. Both groups of functionalized NWs generated a comparable cytotoxic effect in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in a DOX concentration-dependent manner, (~60% at the highest concentration tested) that was significantly different from the effect produced by the free DOX (~95% at the same concentration) and non-functionalized NWs formulations (~10% at the same NWs concentration). A synergistic cytotoxic effect is obtained when a low frequency magnetic field (1 mT, 10 Hz) is applied to cells treated with the two formulations that is again comparable (~70% at the highest concentration). Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of both groups of coated NWs without the drug increased notoriously when the field is applied (~25% at the highest concentration tested). Here, a novel bimodal method for cancer cell destruction was developed by the conjugation of the magneto-mechanical properties of the iron NWs coupled with the chemotoxic effect of an anticancer drug. Moreover, it was demonstrated that iron nanowires possess an outstanding biocompatibility and showed high efficacy as drug delivery agents coupled to a high degree of cell internalization. Finally, the proposed method benefits from the low power fields applied during treatment. This poses much less safety risks and allows using cheaper and simpler equipment.
Books on the topic "Field Delivered Therapy"
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Boortz-Marx, Richard L., Daniel Moyse, and Yawar J. Qadri. Intrathecal Pumps. Edited by Mehul J. Desai. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199350940.003.0031.
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Neuromodulation options that exist for chronic pain treatment include targeted intrathecal drug delivery, spinal cord stimulation, deep brain stimulation, cortical stimulation, and peripheral field stimulation. This chapter focuses on the neuromodulation technique of targeted intrathecal drug delivery. The chapter provides a brief overview of the history and focuses on clinically relevant discussion of patient selection, trialing, surgical technique, and other important topics for establishing a high-quality targeted intrathecal drug delivery program in this evolving age. The key to success with neuromodulation and targeted intrathecal drug delivery is patient selection. Appropriate pre-implantation screening and behavioral health assessment are critical. The choice of agent and route of delivery may play key roles in therapy success.
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Dietz, Volker, and Nick S. Ward, eds. Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198824954.001.0001.
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In the new edition of the Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation all chapters have been updated to reflect advances in knowledge in the field of neurorehabilitation. It will be supplemented by additional chapters that reflect novel developments in the field of neurorehabilitation. During recent years there has been a strong evolution in the field of vocational rehabilitation with the aim of helping people after an injury of the nervous system to overcome the barriers and return to employment. A new chapter on self-management strategies deals with building confidence in individuals to manage the medical and emotional aspects of their condition. Furthermore, today the scientific basis for music supported therapy is a much broader to introduce it in this edition. New guidelines and consensus statements became established concerning preclinical research, biomarkers, and outcome measures, in both animal models and human beings. There are new data on attempts (e.g. using stem cells or Nogo antibodies) to restore function after spinal cord injury and stroke. Not all of these therapies and clinical trials have had positive outcomes. One particular area of rapid expansion reflects the use of technology in neurorehabilitation and several chapters remain devoted to this topic in various forms. Still a better understanding of the interactions of technology led therapies and conventional approaches in patients with neurodisability is required. There is still work to be done in defining key components of all neurorehabilitation interventions in order to understand how they might best be delivered for maximum benefit.
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van Hinsbergh, Victor W. M. Physiology of blood vessels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755777.003.0002.
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This chapter covers two major fields of the blood circulation: ‘distribution’ and ‘exchange’. After a short survey of the types of vessels, which form the circulation system together with the heart, the chapter describes how hydrostatic pressure derived from the heartbeat and vascular resistance determine the volume of blood that is locally delivered per time unit. The vascular resistance depends on the length of the vessel, blood viscosity, and, in particular, on the diameter of the vessel, as formulated in the Poiseuille-Hagen equation. Blood flow can be determined in vivo by different imaging modalities. A summary is provided of how smooth muscle cell contraction is regulated at the cellular level, and how neuronal, humoral, and paracrine factors affect smooth muscle contraction and thereby blood pressure and blood volume distribution among tissues. Subsequently the exchange of solutes and macromolecules over the capillary endothelium and the contribution of its surface layer, the glycocalyx, are discussed. After a description of the Starling equation for capillary exchange, new insights are summarized(in the so-called glycocalyx cleft model) that led to a new view on exchange along the capillary and on the contribution of oncotic pressure. Finally mechanisms are indicated in brief that play a role in keeping the blood volume constant, as a constant volume is a prerequisite for adequate functioning of the circulatory system.
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Surdam, David George. The Future Arrives Via Cable Television 1989. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039140.003.0014.
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This chapter focuses on the Congressional hearings of 1989 that addressed the issue of cable television's sports telecasts. For many years, Congress aided and abetted over-the-air television's dominance via antisiphoning regulations that restricted cable and pay-television access to many sporting events that were being telecast over-the-air for free. The intent of the regulations was to prevent programs from switching from free over-the-air to pay-television delivery. Home Box Office (HBO) filed suit over the antisiphoning rules and eventually won in court, thereby ending the antisiphoning regulation. The courts found that there was no evidence to suggest that cable television companies were going to usurp free television. With these developments, cable television was ready to compete with the networks and independent television stations. This chapter examines the 1989 hearings that revolved primarily around the New York Yankees' deal with the Madison Square Garden Network to show all the team's games on the cable channel. It also discusses the legal and economic aspects of whether cable telecasts of sporting events violated antitrust law.
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Sidhu, Kulraj S., Mfonobong Essiet, and Maxime Cannesson. Cardiac and vascular physiology in anaesthetic practice. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0001.
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This chapter discusses key components of cardiovascular physiology applicable to clinical practice in the field of anaesthesiology. From theory development to ground-breaking innovations, the history of cardiac and vascular anatomy, as well as physiology, is presented. Utilizing knowledge of structure and function, parameters created have allowed adequate patient clinical assessment and guided interventions. A review of concepts reveals the impact of multiple physiological variables on a patient’s haemodynamic state and the need for more accurate and efficient measurements. In particular, it is noted that a more reliable index of ventricular contractility is the end-systolic elastance rather than the ejection fraction. Constant direct preload assessment has not yet been achieved but continues to be determined through surrogate variables, and continuous cardiac output monitoring for oxygen delivery, although advancing, has limitations. Considering the effect of compound factors perioperatively, especially heart failure, modifies the goals and interventions of anaesthetists to achieve improved outcomes. Therefore, medical management prior to surgery and complete assessment through history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests are a priority. This chapter also details the expectations following volume expansion to augment haemodynamics during surgery, the concept of functional haemodynamic monitoring, and limitations to the parameters applied in assessing fluid responsiveness. Challenging the accuracy of conventional indices to predict volume status led to the use of goal-directed therapy, reducing morbidity and minimizing length of hospital stay. The mainstay of this chapter is to reinforce the relevance of advances in haemodynamic monitoring and homeostasis optimization by anaesthetists during surgery, using fundamental concepts of cardiovascular physiology.
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Bågenholm, Andreas, Monika Bauhr, Marcia Grimes, and Bo Rothstein, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Quality of Government. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198858218.001.0001.
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Recent research demonstrates that the quality of public institutions is crucial for a number of important environmental, social, economic, and political outcomes, and thereby human well-being broadly conceived. The Quality of Government (QoG) approach directs attention to issues such as impartiality in the exercise of public power, professionalism in public service delivery, effective measures against corruption, and meritocracy instead of patronage and nepotism. The 38 chapters in this handbook offer a comprehensive, state of the art overview of this rapidly expanding research field and also identify viable avenues for future research. The initial chapters focus on theoretical approaches and debates, and the central question of how QoG can be measured. The remaining chapters examine the wealth of empirical research on how QoG relates to democratic accountability, ethnic diversity, human well-being, economic growth, political legitimacy, environmental sustainability, gender equality, social cohesion, and the outbreak of civil conflicts. A third set of chapters turns to the perennial issue of what contextual factors and policy approaches have proven successful (and not so successful) for increasing QoG. The QoG approach both challenges and complements important strands of inquiry in the social sciences. For research about democratization, QoG adds the importance of taking state capacity into account. For economics, the QoG approach shows that in order to produce economic prosperity, markets need to be embedded in institutions with a certain set of qualities. For development studies, QoG emphasizes that issues concerned with corruption are integral to understanding development writ large.
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Madrigal Barquero, Diana, and Sergio Pérez Monforte. SFD Promotion Initative: Canton of Alajuela, Costa Rica. Edited by Lars Schöbitz. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003217.
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The Shit Flow Diagram (SFD) graphic is an advocacy tool that aims to assist technical and non-technical stakeholders to implement plans and programs related to urban sanitation. The SFD methodology is increasingly being used to analyze the extent of safely managed sanitation in urban areas, providing users and stakeholders with a valuable picture of the prevailing sanitation condition, from containment to disposal. As such, it is a widely recognized advocacy and decision support tool that aims to understand, communicate, and visualize how wastewater and fecal sludge move within a city or town. As stated on the SuSanA website, the SFD methodology offers “a new and innovative way to engage sanitation experts, political leaders, and civil society in coordinated discussions about excreta management in their city.” The production and publication of an SFD report for Alajuela (Costa Rica) would help to visualize the current sanitation situation in the city, resulting in a potential to shift current activities and efforts towards more efficient investments in the places of the sanitation chain that need more attention, thereby improving the urban sanitation situation and the surrounding environment of the city. The structure of this SFD report consists of an executive summary and the SFD report. The latter includes: i) general city information describing its main characteristics; ii) sanitation service outcomes, with a thorough explanation of the SFD graphic outcome and the assumptions made; iii) the service delivery context analysis, which contains information on the regulatory framework of water and sanitation at country and city levels, also describing the city plans, budget and future projects to improve the sanitation situation; and iv) a detailed description of the surveys, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) conducted, as well as the key stakeholders involved, field visits carried out and references used to develop this SFD report.
Book chapters on the topic "Field Delivered Therapy"
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Persson, Bertil R. R. "Applications and Control of High Voltage Pulse Delivery for Tumor Therapy and Gene Therapy in vivo." In Advances in Electromagnetic Fields in Living Systems, 121–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4203-2_4.
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Popple, Richard, and Isaac Rosen. "Delivery of Multiple IMRT Fields Using a Single Physical Attenuator." In The Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy, 191–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59758-9_70.
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Gentilal, Nichal, Ricardo Salvador, and Pedro Cavaleiro Miranda. "A Thermal Study of Tumor-Treating Fields for Glioblastoma Therapy." In Brain and Human Body Modeling 2020, 37–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45623-8_3.
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AbstractTumor-treating fields (TTFields) is an antimitotic cancer treatment technique used for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and malignant pleural mesothelioma. Although the frequency used is not as high as in hyperthermia, temperature increases due to the Joule effect might be meaningful given the necessary time that these fields should be applied for. Post hoc analysis of the EF-11 clinical trial showed higher median overall survival in patients whose compliance was at least 18 h per day. To quantify these temperature increases and predict the thermal impact of TTFields delivery to the head, we used a realistic model created from MR images segmented in five tissues: scalp, skull, CSF, gray matter (GM), and white matter (WM). Through COMSOL Multiphysics, we solved Laplace’s equation for the electric field and Pennes’ equation for the temperature distribution. To mimic the therapy as realistically as possible, we also considered complete current shutdown whenever any transducer reached 41 °C to allow transducers and tissues’ temperature to decrease. Our results indicate an intermittent operation of Optune due to this necessary current shutdown. Localized temperature increases were seen, especially underneath the regions where the transducers were placed. Maximum temperature values were around 41.5 °C on the scalp and 38 °C on the brain. According to the literature, significant thermal impact is only predicted for the brain where the rise in temperature may lead to an increased BBB permeability and variation in the blood flow and neurotransmitter concentration. Additionally, our results showed that if the injected current is reduced by around 25% compared to Optune’s standard way of operating, then uninterrupted treatment might be attainable. These predictions might be used to improve TTFields delivery in real patients and to increase awareness regarding possible thermal effects not yet reported elsewhere.
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Mao, Gang. "A Study of Bio-Computational Design in Terms of Enhancing Water Absorption by Method of Bionics Within the Architectural Fields." In Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES, 102–13. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_10.
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AbstractThis essay aims to explore an architecture computational design intended to accept and absorb moisture through geometrical and material conditions, and using design strategies, help deliver this moisture upwards through capillary action to areas of cryptogamic growth including mosses and smaller ferns on the surface of architecture. The purpose of this research project is to explore the morphology of general capillary systems based on research into the principle of xylematic structures in trees, thereby creating a range of capillary designs using three types of material: plaster, 3D print plastic, and concrete. In addition, computational studies are used to examine various types of computational designs of organic structures, such as columns, driven by physical and environmental conditions such as sunshine, shade, tides and other biological processes to explore three-dimensional particle-based branching systems that define both structural and water delivery paths.
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Baños, Rosa M., Ernestina Etchemendy, Alba Carrillo-Vega, and Cristina Botella. "Positive Psychological Interventions and Information and Communication Technologies." In Research Anthology on Rehabilitation Practices and Therapy, 1648–68. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3432-8.ch083.
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Since the advent of Positive Psychology there has been a connection between positive psychological interventions (PPIs) and the digital world. The development of PPIs, especially those delivered online, is becoming widespread within and outside the scientific field. Therefore, there is currently a need for accurate information that provides a critical view of all the interventions currently available. This chapter presents an updated review of the relationship between these two fields (PPIs and technologies), and discusses relevant considerations that should be taken into account when technologies are used to deliver PPIs, as well as the elements that can moderate their effectiveness. The final aim of the chapter is to provide readers with basic tools to make critical judgments about PPIs delivered via a technological format.
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Holt-Quick, Chester, Jim Warren, Karolina Stasiak, Ruth Williams, Grant Christie, Sarah Hetrick, Sarah Hopkins, Tania Cargo, and Sally Merry. "A Chatbot Architecture for Promoting Youth Resilience." In Healthier Lives, Digitally Enabled. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210017.
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E-health technologies have potential to provide scalable and accessible interventions for youth mental health. As part of an ecosystem of e-screening and e-therapy tools for New Zealand young people, a dialog agent, Headstrong, has been designed to promote resilience with methods grounded in cognitive behavioral therapy and positive psychology. This paper describes the architecture underlying the chatbot. The architecture supports a range of over 20 activities delivered in a 4-week program by relatable personas. The architecture provides a visual authoring interface to its content management system. In addition to supporting the original adolescent resilience chatbot, the architecture has been reused to create a 3-week ‘stress-detox’ intervention for undergraduates, and subsequently for a chatbot to support young people with the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, with all three systems having been used in field trials. The Headstrong architecture illustrates the feasibility of creating a domain-focused authoring environment in the context of e-therapy that supports non-technical expert input and rapid deployment.
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Keole, Sameer R. "Radiation Therapy." In Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review, edited by Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, James Y. Findlay, William D. Freeman, and Ayan Sen, 734–36. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0105.
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Radiation oncology is the specialty of medicine in which ionizing radiation is used to treat both malignant and benign conditions. The term radiation therapy (RT) is used, in part, as a differentiator from diagnostic radiation. In radiation oncology, treatment is provided with a team-based approach by physicians, nurses, physicists, dosimetrists, and radiation therapists. Dosimetrists perform the initial planning and mapping of the radiation fields. Radiation therapists deliver the treatment with external beam radiation therapy machines.
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Short, William R., and Jason J. Schafer. "Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnant Women." In Fundamentals of HIV Medicine 2019, 281–86. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190942496.003.0027.
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Upon completion of this chapter, the reader should be able to describe the appropriate management of antiretrovirals for pregnant women living with HIV. Over time, research has demonstrated that proper prevention strategies and interventions during pregnancy, labor, and delivery can significantly reduce the rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. In 1994, a pivotal study in the field of HIV medicine, the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 076, demonstrated that the use of zidovudine (ZDV) monotherapy during pregnancy substantially reduced the risk of HIV transmission to infants by 67% (...
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Margret, Anita. "Stratagems of Nanotechnology Augmenting the Bioavailability and Therapeutic Efficacy of Traditional Medicine to Formulate Smart Herbal Drugs Combating." In Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1367–92. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1762-7.ch052.
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Mental illness is one of the most fundamental emotional states of conscious being which becomes unbalanced and leads to neurological disorders. It is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease and there is a strong desire to devise a remedy. Ayurveda represents a traditional medicine system of India that endorses antiquity than western medicine and relies on formulations rather than their active components. It has categorised a group of herbal medicines to improve mental abilities. Conversely, the mechanistic details of the therapy are not available in ayurvedic literature and there is a need to fortify this system with modern scientific analysis. The design of nanosystems encompasses promising characteristics in the field of drug delivery with a limited dosage thereby decreasing adverse effects. This chapter confers stratagems of devising polymeric nano herbal formulations as smart nano brain drugs to espouse mental health.
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Margret, Anita. "Stratagems of Nanotechnology Augmenting the Bioavailability and Therapeutic Efficacy of Traditional Medicine to Formulate Smart Herbal Drugs Combating." In Materials Science and Engineering, 1780–804. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1798-6.ch073.
Full textAbstract:
Mental illness is one of the most fundamental emotional states of conscious being which becomes unbalanced and leads to neurological disorders. It is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease and there is a strong desire to devise a remedy. Ayurveda represents a traditional medicine system of India that endorses antiquity than western medicine and relies on formulations rather than their active components. It has categorised a group of herbal medicines to improve mental abilities. Conversely, the mechanistic details of the therapy are not available in ayurvedic literature and there is a need to fortify this system with modern scientific analysis. The design of nanosystems encompasses promising characteristics in the field of drug delivery with a limited dosage thereby decreasing adverse effects. This chapter confers stratagems of devising polymeric nano herbal formulations as smart nano brain drugs to espouse mental health.
Conference papers on the topic "Field Delivered Therapy"
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Medichelme, Chaitanya, Shagun Juneja, Anirudh Punnakal, Charu Garg, Indu Bansal, Amal Roy Chaudhoory, Anil Kumar Bansal, and Anil Kumar Anand. "Retrospective analysis of acute and late gastrointestinal and hematological toxicities with extended field radiation in gynaecological malignancies: A single institution data." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685352.
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Purpose: The aim of this study is to report a preliminary analysis of our clinical experience with extended field pelvic (conformal) radiation, with or without concurrent chemotherapy, in gynaecological malignancies. Materials and Methods: 27 women with gynaecological malignancies (17 with Carcinoma Cervix and 10 with Carcinoma Endometrium) were treated between November 2009 and October 2015 with Extended Field abdomino-pelvic radiation. All patients were treated with conformal radiation (Intensity Modulated Radiotherpy or Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy). All patients underwent CT Simulation followed by target and OAR delineation as per RTOG guidelines. Dose prescriped was 45-50 Gy in 1.8 Gy per fraction and boost to gross node upto 54-56 Gy. Planning was done on Eclipse Planning system, and treatment was delivered on 6 MV linac. Concurrent chemotherapy was given when indicated. All toxicities were scored according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v 4.03). Dosimetric parameters were correlated with toxicities. Results: Median follow up was 9.5 months (Range 0-52 months). 14 (51.8%) patients developed Grade 1 and 2 acute hematological toxicity and 1 (0.04%) developed Grade 3 toxicity. 10 (37%) patients developed Grade 1 and 2 acute gastrointestinal toxicity and 1 (0.04%) developed grade 4 toxicity. 3 (11.12%) patients had late toxicity in the form of prolonged leucopenia, SAIO, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome. 1 patient did not complete her treatment due to persistent leucopenia (Grade 3). Conclusion: Extended field Radiation in Gynaecological malignancies is a reasonably well tolerated procedure when treated with IMRT or VMAT, with acceptable toxicity profile.
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John, Blevins, Mark Van Domelen, Zach West, Jason Rall, and Drake Wakefield. "Dry Powder Deliver of Friction Reducers: A Step Change in Slickwater Fracturing." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204176-ms.
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Abstract Since the early development of unconventional resource plays, slickwater fracturing fluids have expanded rapidly and are now the most common type of fluid system used in the industry. Slickwater and viscosifying friction reducer (VFR) fluids consist of polyacrylamide (PAM) polymers and are typically delivered to location in a liquid form such as a suspension or emulsion in a hydrocarbon-based carrier fluid. Recently, advances in dry powder delivery operations have provided unique advantages over the liquid versions of FRs including cost savings and improved health, safety and environmental (HSE) aspects. This paper describes the dry powder delivery process and describes the advantages that this new technology has brought to field operations. The method involves delivering polyacrylamide powder for slickwater fracturing treatments directly into the source water on location, thereby eliminating the use of liquid polymer slurries or emulsions. Liquid friction reducers typically contain 20-30% active polymer loading, with the remaining volume being the carrier fluid to keep the polymer in suspension. By delivering 100% powder, several benefits are gained including elimination of truck deliveries of FR liquids to location, reduction of total chemical volumes by 70-80%, reduction of spill hazards, and lower overall chemical costs. Different powders are available for various applications including the use of fresh or produced water, and viscosifying or non-viscosifying polymers. The key technology for "dry on the fly" (DOTF) operations is the powder delivery equipment. Due to the different molecular structures between polyacrylamide and guar polymers, delivering PAM is more technically challenging than guar and requires much higher mixing energy to achieve proper dispersion and hydration. The delivery system described in this paper uses a unique technology which creates the necessary conditions for powder mixing and has been successfully applied on over 350 wells since early 2019, with over 7,000 tons of polymer delivered.
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Depireux, Didier A., Azeem Sarwar, Alek Nacev, and Benjamin Shapiro. "Delivery of therapy to the inner ear via magnetic nanoparticles." In 2014 Spring Symposium: From Lab to Life: Field Based Applications of MEMS & NEMS (MAMNA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mamna.2014.6845235.
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Li, Jianbo, and Hao Lin. "The Role of Ion Electrophoresis in Electroporation-Mediated Molecular Delivery." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18495.
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Electroporation is a widely applied technique to deliver active molecules into the cellular compartment, to perform tasks such as gene therapy and directed stem cell differentiation, among many others. In this technique, an electric field transiently permeabilizes the cellular membrane to facilitate molecular exchange. While the permeabilization process is relatively well understood, the transport mechanisms for molecular delivery are still under debate. In this work, the role of ion electrophoresis in electroporation-mediated molecular delivery is investigated using numerical simulation. The Nernst-Planck equations for ionic transport in the extracellular and intracellular spaces are solved, respectively, and are coupled through a permeabilization model on the membrane. For the latter, an asymptotic Smoluchowski equation system is adopted, following the work of Krassowska and co-authors. The simulation is used to investigate the delivery of calcium ions into Chinese hamster ovary cells. The results indicate that ion electrophoresis is the dominant mode of transport in the delivery of small charged molecules. Furthermore, the achievable intracellular concentration is strongly influenced by the conductivity difference between the cytoplasm and the buffer, a phenomenon known as “field-amplified sample stacking”. The results agree qualitatively with the fluorescence measurements by Gabriel and Teissie´ (1999), and suggest a new possibility to simultaneously improve cell viability and efficiency in electroporation-mediated molecular delivery.
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Erhart, Kevin J., Eduardo A. Divo, and Alain J. Kassab. "Direct Compensator Profile Optimization for Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12864.
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Radiation therapy is a widely used and highly effective technique for the treatment of cancer, however the commissioning and delivery of a course of external beam radiation is a complex process with numerous challenges. This paper will present new developments that aim to improve both the planning and delivery of this important cancer treatment technique. Specifically, this work develops a new direct delivery parameter optimization approach for planning of solid compensator intensity modulated radiation therapy, coined Direct Compensator Profile Optimization (DCPO). In order to understand the benefits and implications of this new DCPO approach, a reasonable understanding of the field of radiation therapy is needed. Therefore, this document will include a brief discussion of the history and relevant background information in the area of radiation therapy. It is intended that this background information is detailed enough so that the remainder of this research can be followed by those without existing experience in the field of radiation treatment planning. The specific details of this new approach will be then be presented followed by a display of initial results to verify the performance.
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Muller, Paul J., and Brian C. Wilson. "Photodynamic therapy of malignant brain tumors: supplementary postoperative light delivery by implanted optical fibers: field fractionation." In Optics, Electro-Optics, and Laser Applications in Science and Engineering, edited by Thomas J. Dougherty. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.44064.
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Wang, Bin, Hui Hu, Ayodeji Demuren, and Eric Gyurcsko. "Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Pulsed Micro Flows Pertinent to Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) Therapy." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30303.
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Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy, also known as insulin pump therapy, has become an important advancement in diabetes therapy to improve the quality of life for millions of diabetes patients. Insulin delivery failures caused by the precipitations of insulin within micro-sized CSII tubing systems have been reported in recent years. It has also been conjectured that the flow of insulin through an insulin infusion set may be reduced or inhibited by air bubbles entrained into the capillary CSII tubing system during the typical three- to five-day operation between refills. Currently, most solutions to insulin occlusion related problems are based on clinical trials. In the present study, an experimental and theoretic study was conducted to investigate the pulsed flows inside the micro-sized CSII tubing system. A micro-PIV system was used to provide detailed flow velocity field measurements inside the capillary CSII tubing system to characterize the transient behavior of the micro-flows upon the pulsed actuation of the insulin pump used in CSII therapy. It was found that the microflow inside the CSII tubing system is highly unsteady, which is much more interesting than the creeping flow that the nominal averaged flow rates would suggest. A theoretic frame work was also performed to model the pulsed micro-flows driven by the insulin pump to predict the transient behavior of the microflows and velocity distributions inside the micro-sized CSII tubing system. The measurement results and the theoretic predictions were compared quantitatively to elucidate underlying physics for a better understanding of the microphysical process associated with the insulin delivery in order to provide a better guidance for troubleshooting of insulin occlusion in CSII therapy.
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Qin, Zhenpeng, Neha Shah, Taner Akkin, Warren C. W. Chan, and John C. Bischof. "Thermal Analysis Measurement of Gold Nanoparticle Interactions With Cell and Biomaterial." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80554.
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The rapidly evolving field of nanomedicine focuses on the design and application of multi-functional nanoparticles for diagnosis and treatment of diseases especially cancer1. Many of these nanomaterials are designed to serve as drug delivery or image contrast agents, or even to generate heat for hyperthermia (i.e. treatment), of cancer. Heating examples include gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for photothermal therapy3, and superparamagnetic nanoparticles for magnetic fluid hyperthermia4.
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Zhu, Yiying I., Timothy L. Hall, and Oliver D. Kripfgans. "Programmable Ultrasound Phased Array Therapy System." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3370.
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There has been an emerging interest in high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for therapeutic applications. By means of its thermal or mechanical effects, HIFU is able to serve as a direct tool for tissue ablation, or an indirect moderating medium to manipulate microbubbles or perform heating (hyperthermia) for the purpose of targeted drug delivery. The development and testing of HIFU based phased arrays is favorable as their elements allow for individual phasing to steer and focus the beam. While FDA has already approved tissue ablation by HIFU for the treatment of uterine fibroids (2004) and pain from bone metastases (2012), development continues on other possible applications that are less forgiving of incomplete treatment, such as thermal necrosis of malignant masses. Ideally, each element, of such an array must have its own fully programmable electrical driving channel, which allows the control of delay, phase, and amplitude of the output from each element. To enable full control, each channel needs a waveform generator, an amplification device, and an impedance matching circuit between driver and acoustic element. Similar projects utilizing this approach to drive therapeutic arrays include a 512-channel therapy system which was built at the University of Michigan using low cost Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) microcontroller and highly efficient MOSFET switching amplifiers [1]. However, this system lacks the ability to drive both, continuous wave (CW) and transient short duty-cycle high power pulses. This paper presents a hybrid system, which is able to perform CW and transient short duty-cycle high power excitation. In the following we will describe the design, programming, fabrication, and evaluation of this radiofrequency (RF) driver system as used in our laboratory for a 1.5 MHz center frequency, 298-element array (Imasonic SA, Besancon, France) [2], FPGA-controlled amplifier boards and matching circuitry. Advantages of our design include: 1. Inexpensive components (<$15/channel); 2. Ability to program/drive individual output channels independently; 3. Sufficient time and amplitude resolution for various acoustic pattern design; 4. Capability of hybrid switching between low power CW and short duty cycle, high instantaneous power.
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Mattison, Lars M., and Paul A. Iaizzo. "Physiological Assessment of Cardiac Muscle Post-Irreversible Electroporation Therapy." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3542.
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Ablations have become the gold clinical standard of drug resistant atrial fibrillation (AF). AF is projected to affect 50 million people by the year 20501. Today, two primary methods of ablation are used clinically: radio frequency and cryoablation. These ablation technologies are equally effective1 but still cause complications. A majority of these complications arise from the fact that both technologies require a thermal change in the tissue to cause cell death. Thermal change of the tissue while effective, can be subject to many different variables that may result in collateral damage. These include levels of focal blood flow, location of vessels near the ablation site, and/or adjacent tissue damage causing clinical issues such as esophageal fistulas or phrenic nerve injury. Irreversible Electroporation serves as a possible non-thermal alternative. This therapy is a train of high voltage (>500V/cm) short DC pulses that cause pores to form in the cell membrane. If a large enough electric field is applied, then the pores in the cell membrane can cause permanent damage resulting in cell death. To date, the majority of irreversible electroporation research that has been done has examined the use of this approach for treating cancerous tumors in the skin, prostate, and liver. Very little study of this potential treatment relating to the heart has been done other than synchronizing delivery of the therapy with the heartbeat to not induce ventricular fibrillation. The appeal of a potentially more predictable lesion would be highly desired in this clinical realm. Here we present initial investigations as to the functional response of cardiac tissue to electroporative energy via the NanoKnife.