Academic literature on the topic 'Field dependence (Psychology) Rod and frame test'

72 college students completed the Witkin Rod and Frame Test and the Group Embedded Figures Test as measures of Field Dependence/Independence, the Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, and the Snyder Self-monitoring Scale. Analysis indicated a small but significant relationship between scores on the first two tests but none between the second two. A significant correlation between scores on locus of control with the Group Embedded Figures Test and none with the Rod and Frame test, and a small but significant relationship between scores on self-monitoring with those on both measures of field dependence.

The possibility that sex differences found in previous research on field dependence may have been due partly to experimenters' expectancy was investigated. Three pairs of naive student-experimenters received different information about expected outcomes for males and females on the Rod and Frame Test and the Embedded Figures Test. There was no evidence of an experimenters' expectancy effect, but there was also no significant difference in the performance of men and women on these two tests of field dependence.

Previous authors have pointed out that, while the classic Rod-and-Frame Test (RFT) yields a measure of ability to perform field-independently, it is unsuitable for identifying stylistic preference, such as mobility-fixity within the field-dependence/independence dimension. To relate mobility-fixity and ability aspects of field-dependence/independence, we compared data obtained from two versions of the test: one with a “free” instruction, on which the subjects were invited to adjust the rod to any position(s) they preferred on each of 10 trials and a process-oriented version (RFT-P), involving 20 trials with the standard instruction but with a constant rod-and-frame configuration, making possible analysis of the process of adaptation. Mobility versus fixity was defined in terms of more or less frequent changes of rod positions and choice of a high or a low proportion of nongeometrical positions in the RFT-Free. 38 female and 23 male university students completed first the RFT-Free and thereafter the RFT-Process. Women were more field-dependent than men throughout the RFT-Process trials; there were no differences between the sexes over trials or in choice of positions in the RFT-Free. Compared with field-dependent subjects, field-independent subjects mote often changed rod positions in the RFT-Free and preferred nongeometrical positions somewhat more. Among field-independent subjects, those with consistently low deviations in RFT-Process more often preferred a variety of nongeometrical positions in RFT-Free than did those with gradually increasing deviations. We conclude that field-independence is associated with mobility and field-dependence with fixity, as defined by the RFT-Free variables, and that a prerequisite for high mobility is a relative stability of field-independence as reflected on the RFT-Process. Theoretical implications of this conclusion are discussed.

The Children's Embedded Figures Test and the Rod and Frame Test were administered to 179 boys and 110 girls of an average age of 9.03 years to measure field dependence-independence. No significant gender-related differences were found on either test. Scores on these tests were moderately and significantly correlated.

Contradictory claims exist as to whether field dependence or field independence is advantageous to team ball-game performance. For further investigation, Swedish national male handball players' Rod-and-Frame Test scores were correlated with their field-goal shooting attempts and shooting efficiency in the '94 European Handball Championship. No significant correlation was found; discussion followed.

The aim of this research was to throw light on the relationship between the visual field dependence, as measured by a rod-and-frame test (RFT), and the amount of recorded postural sway subsequent to a visual motion of the environment. Two groups of fifteen adult participants were split according to their results in an RFT test. They were asked to maintain an upright stance within a large-scale scenery animated by a texture flow generator. The flow consisted of either an approaching (AP) or a receding (RE) texture with respect to the observer. An ELITE system recorded antero - posterior body sway after onset and offset of stimulus motion. Both field-dependent (FD) and field-independent (FI) participants showed little reaction to AP whereas only FD participants presented a forward shift in the direction of RE at the onset. Postural responses opposite to AP and RE were marked for both groups at the offset. In conclusion we may assume an interaction between the direction specificity of the sways and a greater field dependence.

Self-administered Physical Activity Checklist and portable rod-and-frame test were administered to 47 black and 66 white adolescents in a middle school. One-way multivariate analysis of variance indicated that, relative to the group of white adolescents, the black adolescent group scored significantly more field-dependent and reported significantly fewer minutes of physical activity participation, although no significant difference was noticed on three other physical activity variables. This group of black adolescents' relatively field-dependent scores were weakly associated with fewer mean total minutes of physical activity.

A comparative analysis was conducted of five different methods for scoring the Rod-and-Frame Test to examine the convergent validities of each of the five methods with performance on the Embedded Figures Test for a sample of 408 13- to 16-yr.-olds. The scoring methods included the absolute error, the algebraic error, the absolute value of the algebraic error, the frame effect, and an assessment of relative field dependence. Correlations obtained among the five methods and the Embedded Figures Test indicated different patterns for boys and girls. In general, the method which employed the absolute value of the algebraic error yielded the strongest convergent validity coefficients with scores on the Embedded Figures Test and Group Embedded Figures Test for boys (.62 and –.54, respectively), although, for girls, the absolute algebraic error and absolute error both yielded coefficients of .50 with Embedded Figures Test scores and –.46 with Group Embedded Figures Test scores.

This study examined associations among measures of epistemic orientation, field dependence-independence, locus of control, and the achievement motive. Subjects were assessed using the Psycho-Epistemological Profile, the Portable Rod and Frame Test, Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, and the Mehrabian Achieving Scale. Analysis of the correlation matrix indicated significant relations among Internal Epistemic Orientation, Field Independence, and Achievement Motive. A subsequent principal components factor analysis showed that the measure of achievement motive had a significant negative loading on the factor for an external locus of control. The implications were discussed.

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia<br>This study addresses the question of the associations between motion sickness and acrophobia, as visual-vestibular conflict phenomena. Using a Virtual 3D Rod and Frame Test (V3DRFT) and considering previous scoring methods’ limitations, it is proposed a new way to measure and represent visual field dependence (study 1). We aim to explore the associations between motion sickness, acrophobia and visual field dependence, as well as the applicability of the developed scoring method (study 2). It was found that PSV shows a linear relationship with frame tilt and that individual slopes seem to be a good indicator of visual field dependence. The bigger the slope, the more dependent is the individual. Motion sickness and acrophobia indicators show high to moderate correlations (Motion Sickness Questionnaire (MSQ) is highly correlated with Acrophobia Questionnaire (AQ) - r=0.8, p<.01 - and moderately correlated with Behavioral Avoidance Test (BAT) - r=0.67, p<.05), supporting the hypothesis that these two phenomena share some common etiology. We fail to demonstrate any association between visual field dependence and motion sickness and acrophobia. Although the limitations, we think that our scoring methods show advantages comparing to previous ones and that RFT can be, in future, a good measure of visualvestibular integration.<br>O presente estudo explora a possibilidade de desordens como o enjoo de movimento e medo de alturas partilharem etiologias comuns, nomeadamente um conflito visuo-vestibular. Foi utilizada uma versão virtual 3D do V3DRFT, uma medida da dependência do campo visual. Considerando as limitações dos métodos de cotação prévios, propõe-se uma nova forma de medir e representar a dependência do campo visual (estudo 1). Tem-se ainda por objectivo explorar as associações entre enjoo de movimento, acrofobia e dependência do campo visual, assim como avaliar a aplicabilidade do método de cotação desenvolvido (estudo 2). Os resultados permitiram verificar uma relação linear entre os pontos de verticalidade subjectiva (PSV) e a inclinação da frame. O declive dessas rectas parece ser bom indicador da dependência do campo visual. Verificou-se ainda que o enjoo de movimento se encontra moderado a altamente correlacionado com a acrofobia (MSQ e AQ - r=0.8, p<.01; MSQ e BAT - r=0.67, p<.05), fortalecendo a hipótese de que ambos partilhem uma etiologia semelhante. Não foi possível demonstrar qualquer associação entre a dependência do campo visual e enjoo de movimento ou acrofobia. Apesar das limitações, consideramos que o método de cotação desenvolvido possui vantagens comparativamente com os anteriores e que o RFT poderá constituir futuramente um bom método de medição da integração visuovestibular.