Journal articles: 'Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM)'

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Gao, Ma, Huang, Hua, and Lan. "Deep Learning for Super-Resolution in a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope." AI 1, no. 1 (October 15, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ai1010001.

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A field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) is a complex scanning electron microscope with ultra-high-resolution image scanning, instant printing, and output storage capabilities. FESEMs have been widely used in fields such as materials science, biology, and medical science. However, owing to the balance between resolution and field of view (FOV), when locating a target using an FESEM, it is difficult to view specific details in an image with a large FOV and high resolution simultaneously. This paper presents a deep neural network to realize super-resolution of an FESEM image. This technology can effectively improve the resolution of the acquired image without changing the physical structure of the FESEM, thus resolving the constraint problem between the resolution and FOV. Experimental results show that the apply of a deep neural network only requires a single image acquired by an FESEM to be the input. A higher resolution image with a large FOV and excellent noise reduction is obtained within a short period of time. To verify the effect of the model numerically, we evaluated the image quality by using the peak signal-to-noise ratio value and structural similarity index value, which can reach 26.88 dB and 0.7740, respectively. We believe that this technology will improve the quality of FESEM imaging and be of significance in various application fields.

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Brostin, J. "Scanning probe microscopy of polymers in the field emission SEM." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 876–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100166841.

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The field emission SEM (FESEM) is well suited for imaging polymer and other non-conductive surfaces. High resolution SEM images can be obtained without the application of a conductive coating when operated at low accelerating voltages. Compositional imaging in the backscattered electron mode is facilitated at low voltages by the incorporation of a microchannel plate (MCP) detector. The MCP equipped FESEM has been shown to be phenomenally sensitive to very small differences in average atomic number. Compositional contrasts are achieved in polymer and other low-Z composites that differ only in oxygen content. Those systems that completely lack intrinsic contrast can be differentially stained with ruthenium tetroxide vapors.These capabilities make the FESEM an ideal platform for locating phases and/or subtle features for scanning probe microscopy (SPM). Transparent, thin coatings or very fine, heterogeneously dispersed structures that cannot be readily located or observed with conventional light optics can generally be seen in the FESEM.

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Muhammad Safwan, M., Hui Lin Ong, and Hazizan Md Akil. "Crystallinity and Morphological of Cellulose Extraction from Elaeis guineensis Jacquin Frond." Materials Science Forum 819 (June 2015): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.819.251.

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The work described in this paper is the extraction of microcrystalline cellulose from Elaeis Guineensis Jacquin Frond using alkaline and bleaching treatment. Microcrystalline cellulose extracted has been characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Morphological investigation of fibers was performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) where rod like fiber can be observed. Crystallinity of cellulose extracted was found higher than raw material.

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Chen, R. T., and M. G. Jamieson. "Advances in microscopy of polymers: A FESEM and STM study." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 1042–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100089524.

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Microscopy has played a major role in establishing structure-process-property relationships in the research and development of polymeric materials. With advances in electron microscopy instrumentation (e.g., field emission SEM - FESEM) and the invention of new scanning probe microscopes (e.g., scanning tunneling microscope - STM), resolution of structures or morphologies down to the nanometer scale can be achieved with ease. This paper will focus on the application of FESEM and STM in order to understand the structure of commercial polymeric materials. Characterization of polymers using other microscopy techniques such as TEM, thermal optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) will also be discussed.The polymeric materials evaluated in this study include membranes, liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) fibers, multiphase polymer blends and polymer films or coatings. In order to minimize beam damage and maximize contrast for surface detail in beam sensitive polymers, low voltage SEM (LVSEM) was performed on a JEOL 840F field emission SEM.

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Dar, M. A., S. G. Ansari, Rizwan Wahab, Young Soon Kim, and Hyung Shik Shin. "The Synthesis of Maghemite and Hematite (_γ-Fe₂O₃, α-Fe₂O₃) Nanospheres." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.157.

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Maghemite and hematite nanospheres were synthesized by using the Sol-gel technique. The structural properties of these nanosphere powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM),and pore size distribution.Hematite phase shows crystalline structures.The mean particle size that resulted from BET and XRD analyses were 4.9 nm and 2 nm. The field emission scanning electron microscopy shows iron-oxide powder is composed of nanosized particles, but in nanosized aggregates (agglomeration of particles). It can be seen from transmission electron microscopy that the size of the particles are very small which is in good agreement with the FESEM and the Xray diffraction. TEM and FESEM confirmed that the iron-oxide powder is composed of sizes from 8 nm to 10 nm. The BET and pore size method were employed for specific surface area determination.

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Castejón, O. J., R. P. Apkarian, and H. V. Castejón. "Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Mouse Cerebellar Synaptic Contacts." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 844–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600036710.

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Samples of albino mice cerebellar cortex were processed by the cryofracture method for scanning electron microscopy and examined with the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Albino mouse cerebellar cortex was excised, cut into 1-2 mm slices and inmersed in 4% glutaraldehyde in O. l M phosphate buffer solution, pH 7.4, for 24h at 4°C; and postfixed for 1 h in a similarly buffered 1% osmium tetroxide solution. Specimens were dehydrated in a graded serie of ethanol (30, 50, 70, 80, 90 2x100%) prior to wrapping individual tissue pieces in preformed absolute ethanol filled parafilm cryofracture packets. Rapid freezing of packets was performed by plunging into LN2. First, the packet was transferred from the LN2 storage vessel with LNT chilled forceps in order to avoid themial damage. Secondly, the cooled fracture blade was removed from the LN2, the packet was orientated under the blade, and immediately struck with a heavy tool.

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Saurdi, I., Mohamad Hafiz Mamat, and Mohamad Rusop. "Physical Properties of Nano-Structured Zinc Oxide Thin Films Deposited by Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering." Advanced Materials Research 667 (March 2013): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.667.495.

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In this work, ZnO thin films were deposited by RF Magnetron sputtering at different substrate temperatures in the range of 100-400oC on glass substrate. The thin films were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and I-V measurement, for morphology and electrical properties study. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to study the structural and morphology of the thin films. The particle size varied from 41nm to 146nm showing that the nucleation of ZnO thin films as the substrate temperatures increased. Higher particle size was observed as the substrate temperatures increased up to 400oC as well as high conductivity of thin films at 400oC.

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Zemke, Valentina, Volker Haag, and Gerald Koch. "Wood identification of charcoal with 3D-reflected light microscopy." IAWA Journal 41, no. 4 (September 11, 2020): 478–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10033.

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Abstract The present study focusses on the application of 3D-reflected light microscopy (3D-RLM) for the wood anatomical identification of charcoal specimens produced from domestic and tropical timbers. This special microscopic technique offers a detailed investigation of anatomical features in charcoal directly compared with the quality of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The advantages of using the 3D-RLM technology are that fresh fracture planes of charcoal can be directly observed under the microscope without further preparation or surface treatment. Furthermore, the 3D-technique with integrated polarized light illumination creates high-contrast images of uneven and black charcoal surfaces. Important diagnostic structural features such as septate fibres and intercellular canals can be clearly detected and intervessel pits are directly measured. The comparison of the microscopic analyses reveals that 3D-reflected light microscopy (3D-RLM) provides an effective alternative technique to conventional field emission scanning electron microscopy for the identification of carbonized wood.

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Reichelt, Rudolf, Thomas Schmidt, Dirk Kuckling, and Karl-Friedrich Arndt. "Structural characterization of temperature-sensitive hydrogels by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)." Macromolecular Symposia 210, no. 1 (March 2004): 501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200450656.

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Cosandey, F., L. Zhang, and T. E. Madey. "High Resolution Fesem Study of Au Particle Growth on TiO2." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 405–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600008916.

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Transition metals supported on oxides have important catalytic properties and are also used in chemical gas sensors for increasing sensitivity and selectivity. In order to understand growth and reactivity in the Au/TiO2 system, we have performed surface studies on a model system consisting of ultrathin, discontinuous Au films on TiO2 (110) single crystals. In this paper we are presenting results obtained by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) on the effects of substrate temperature and average Au thickness on particle size, density and coverage.The TiO2 (110) single crystal surfaces used in this study were prepared in UHV using surface science tools followed by in-situ Au deposition for different substrate temperatures and for various film thicknesses. After deposition, the samples were transferred in air to the Field Emission Scanning Electron microscope (LEO 982 Gemini) for high resolution imaging.Typical high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) images of Au films deposited at 300 K are shown in Fig. 1 for two film thicknesses of 0.22 and 1.0 nm.

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Omidi, Mohammad Hassan, Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi Azqhandi, and Bahram Ghalami-Choobar. "Sonochemistry: a good, fast and clean method to promote the removal of Cu(ii) and Cr(vi) by MWCNT/CoFe2O4@PEI nanocomposites: optimization study." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 19 (2018): 16307–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj03277g.

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In this study, branched polyethylenimine (PEI) loaded on magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT/CoFe₂O₄) was synthesized and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

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Afanou, Komlavi Anani, Anne Straumfors, Asbjørn Skogstad, Ida Skaar, Linda Hjeljord, Øivind Skare, Brett James Green, Arne Tronsmo, and Wijnand Eduard. "Profile and Morphology of Fungal Aerosols Characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM)." Aerosol Science and Technology 49, no. 6 (April 18, 2015): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2015.1040486.

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Afanou, Komlavi Anani, Anne Straumfors, Asbjørn Skogstad, Ajay P. Nayak, Ida Skaar, Linda Hjeljord, Arne Tronsmo, Wijnand Eduard, and Brett James Green. "Indirect Immunodetection of Fungal Fragments by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 17 (June 19, 2015): 5794–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00929-15.

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ABSTRACTSubmicronic fungal fragments have been observed inin vitroaerosolization experiments. The occurrence of these particles has therefore been suggested to contribute to respiratory health problems observed in mold-contaminated indoor environments. However, the role of submicronic fragments in exacerbating adverse health effects has remained unclear due to limitations associated with detection methods. In the present study, we report the development of an indirect immunodetection assay that utilizes chicken polyclonal antibodies developed against spores fromAspergillus versicolorand high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Immunolabeling was performed withA. versicolorfragments immobilized and fixed onto poly-l-lysine-coated polycarbonate filters. Ninety percent of submicronic fragments and 1- to 2-μm fragments, compared to 100% of >2-μm fragments generated from pure freeze-dried mycelial fragments ofA. versicolor, were positively labeled. In proof-of-concept experiments, air samples collected from moldy indoor environments were evaluated using the immunolabeling technique. Our results indicated that 13% of the total collected particles were derived from fungi. This fraction comprises 79% of the fragments that were detected by immunolabeling and 21% of the spore particles that were morphologically identified. The methods reported in this study enable the enumeration of fungal particles, including submicronic fragments, in a complex heterogeneous environmental sample.

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SU, FABING, LU LV, and X. S. ZHAO. "SYNTHESIS OF NANOSTRUCTURED POROUS CARBON." International Journal of Nanoscience 04, no. 02 (April 2005): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x05003127.

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In this paper, high-surface-area porous carbons with crumpled nanowalls were synthesized by carbonization of sucrose in the presence of zeolite template. The pore structures of the carbon materials were characterized using physical adsorption of nitrogen. Their surface chemistry was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The microscopic structure features of the samples were imaged by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanostructure of synthesized porous carbon with a combination of micro-, meso- and macropores has been obtained.

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Cosandey, F. "Low-voltage fesem study of TiO2 surface structure and metallization." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100163149.

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Recent developments of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes (FESEM) are now permitting material science studies of surfaces with nanometer scale resolution. For the study of oxide materials with low conductivity it is particularly important to image surfaces at low voltage in order to minimize both the electron range and charging. The unique electron optic design of the LEO (ex ZEISS) 982 GEMINI microscope combining retarding field and electrostatic lens concepts with Schottky field emission source is particularly well optimize for high resolution imaging of materials at low voltage. In this study, we are presenting results on performance evaluation of the LEO 982 FESEM microscope with a study of TiO2 surface structure and metallization.

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Panessa-Warren, Barbara J., George T. Tortora, and John B. Warren. "High Resolution FESEM and TEM Reveal Bacterial Spore Attachment." Microscopy and Microanalysis 13, no. 4 (July 16, 2007): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927607070651.

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies in the 1960s and early 1970s using conventional thin section and freeze fracture methodologies revealed ultrastructural bacterial spore appendages. However, the limited technology at that time necessitated the time-consuming process of imaging serial sections and reconstructing each structure. Consequently, the distribution and function of these appendages and their possible role in colonization or pathogenesis remained unknown. By combining high resolution field emission electron microscopy with TEM images of identical bacterial spore preparations, we have been able to obtain images of intact and sectioned Bacillus and Clostridial spores to clearly visualize the appearance, distribution, resistance (to trypsin, chloramphenicol, and heat), and participation of these structures to facilitate attachment of the spores to glass, agar, and human cell substrates. Current user-friendly commercial field emission scanning electron microscopes (FESEMs), permit high resolution imaging, with high brightness guns at lower accelerating voltages for beam sensitive intact biological samples, providing surface images at TEM magnifications for making direct comparisons. For the first time, attachment structures used by pathogenic, environmental, and thermophile bacterial spores could be readily visualized on intact spores to reveal how specific appendages and outer spore coats participated in spore attachment, colonization, and invasion.

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Hafizah, N. N., Ismail Lyly Nyl, M. Z. Musa, and Mohamad Rusop Mahmood. "Effect of TiO₂ Nanofiller on Nanocomposited PMMA/TiO₂ Thin Film." Advanced Materials Research 576 (October 2012): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.417.

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In this study, PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposite thin films were prepared by using sonication spin coating technique. The PMMA and TiO2 solution were mixed together and sonicated for 1h to confirm the homogeneity of the sample. The thin films obtained were then measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). FESEM micrograph reveals that the uniformity increases with the increase of TiO2 weight percentage.

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Huggett, J. M., and H. F. Shaw. "Field emission scanning electron microscopy — a high-resolution technique for the study of clay minerals in sediments." Clay Minerals 32, no. 2 (June 1997): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1997.032.2.03.

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AbstractThe use of field emission electron microscopy for the study of clay mineral petrography in mudrocks and sandstones is discussed. The methodology including sample preparation is outlined and three examples of the application of the technique are described: the formation of authigenic illite in mudrocks, the multiple generation of authigenic illites in sandstones and the effects of KCl drilling muds on shale fabrics. In the study of authigenic illite formation in Palaeocene mudrocks from the North Sea, the FESEM analyses have demonstrated the formation of illites with increasing burial depth that conventional SEM and XRD analyses had failed to show. The FESEM analyses of the authigenic illites in Carboniferous sandstones from the southern North Sea revealed at least three different habits representing different generation episodes rather than one illite formation event.This has important repercussions with regard to the interpretation of stable isotope and dating data for the illites. Significant petrographic changes in shales after treatment with KCl drilling muds have been observed from FESEM analyses, suggesting reactivity between the shales and the KCl muds.

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Liu, J. "Ultra-high resolution secondary electron imaging." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100152306.

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The recent developments of the in-lens field emission scanning electron microscopes (FESEM) make it possible to image specimen surfaces with subnanometer resolution by collecting type I secondary electrons, with an incident electron probe size of about 0.5 nm in diameter. A resolution of the same order of magnitude has also been obtained in a STEM instrument with secondary electron signals. Both in-lens FESEM and STEM utilize field emission gun as electron beam source (high intensity and small probe size) and high excitation objective lenses to reduce abberations. The examined samples have to be positioned inside the objective pole-pieces. Thus the emitted secondary electrons will experience a strong magnetic field and spiral around the magnetic field lines (cyclotron orbit) before they are collected by the secondary electron detector. The radius and the pitch height of the cyclotron orbit depend on the secondary electron energy and the emission angle with respect to the magnetic field axis.

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Wang, Zhi Yuan, Feng Ping Wang, Ming Yan Li, M. Zubair Iqbal, Qurat Ul Ain Javed, Yan Zhen Lu, Mei Xu, and Quan Shui Li. "Synthesis and Hydrogen Absorption Capacity of Multilayered SnO₂ Hollow Microspheres." Advanced Materials Research 924 (April 2014): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.924.57.

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Multilayered SnO2hollow microspheres (MHS-SnO2) have been successfully synthesized via a solvothermal method by using glycol-water as solvent. The morphology, composition and structure of the product have been characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FESEM, TEM and HRTEM images indicate that the as-prepared microspheres show multilayered structure and the wall of the hollow microspheres is composed of single crystalline nanoparticles. Study on hydrogen absorption characteristics of MHS-SnO2performed at 373 K shows a good absorption capacity of 0.85 wt.%.

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Macechko, P. Timothy, Harry van Keulen, Edward L. Jarroll, Thomas Mulgrew, Andrew Gurien, and Stanley L. Erlandsen. "Detection of Giardia Trophozoites in Archival Pathology Specimens of Human Small Intestine." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, no. 4 (August 1998): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927698980370.

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The examination of archival pathology specimens of human small intestine by light microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and confocal scanning laser microscopy using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques was undertaken to better understand the epidemiology of Giardia. Giardia trophozoites were tentatively identified in the light microscope after hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The organisms were adherent to the intestinal epithelium where they were also associated with strands of mucus within the lumen. Fluorochrome-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide probes, developed for the 16S rRNA of Giardia lamblia and Giardia muris, were used in FISH experiments with confocal scanning laser microscopy. Positive identification of trophozoites could be obtained with the G. lamblia probe, but not with the G. muris probe. FESEM examination of serial sections adjacent to FISH-stained sections revealed trophozoites characterized by their morphological features. The 16S rDNA probes specifically distinguished different species of Giardia, but whether multiple infections can occur within an individual host could not be determined.

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Zheng, Yunzhen, Daniel J. Cosgrove, and Gang Ning. "High-Resolution Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) Imaging of Cellulose Microfibril Organization in Plant Primary Cell Walls." Microscopy and Microanalysis 23, no. 5 (August 24, 2017): 1048–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192761701251x.

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AbstractWe have used field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to study the high-resolution organization of cellulose microfibrils in onion epidermal cell walls. We frequently found that conventional “rule of thumb” conditions for imaging of biological samples did not yield high-resolution images of cellulose organization and often resulted in artifacts or distortions of cell wall structure. Here we detail our method of one-step fixation and dehydration with 100% ethanol, followed by critical point drying, ultrathin iridium (Ir) sputter coating (3 s), and FESEM imaging at a moderate accelerating voltage (10 kV) with an In-lens detector. We compare results obtained with our improved protocol with images obtained with samples processed by conventional aldehyde fixation, graded dehydration, sputter coating with Au, Au/Pd, or carbon, and low-voltage FESEM imaging. The results demonstrated that our protocol is simpler, causes little artifact, and is more suitable for high-resolution imaging of cell wall cellulose microfibrils whereas such imaging is very challenging by conventional methods.

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Gunawan, I. Sopyan, A. Naqshbandi, and S. Ramesh. "Synthesis of Zinc Doped-Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Nanopowder via Sol-Gel Method." Key Engineering Materials 531-532 (December 2012): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.614.

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Biphasic calcium phosphate powders doped with zinc (Zn-doped BCP) were synthesized via sol-gel technique. Different concentrations of Zn have been successfully incorporated into biphasic calcium (BCP) phases namely: 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10% and 15%. The synthesized powders were calcined at temperatures of 700-900°C. The calcined Zn-doped BCP powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential and thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the phases present in Zn-doped are hydroxyapatite, β- TCP and parascholzite. Moreover, FTIR analysis of the synthesized powders depicted that the bands of HPO4 increased meanwhile O-H decreased with an increase in the calcination temperature. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) results showed the agglomeration of particles into microscale aggregates with size of the agglomerates tending to increase with an increase in the dopant concentration.

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Yang, Xin Yu, Wei Dong Xiang, Xi Yan Zhang, and Hai Tao Liu. "Biomolecule-Assisted Synthesis of Ribbon-Like Sb₂S₃ Nanostructure." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2144.

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L-Cystine was successfully used as a novel kind of sulfur source to synthesize the nanostructure of ribbon-like Sb2S3. The nanoribbons were usually tens of micronmeters in length, typically 100-300 nm in width. The nanostructure of ribbon-like Sb2S3 were examined using diverse techniques including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction, and high-resolution TEM.

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Mortazavi, S. Mohammad Reza, Fereshteh Rashchi, and Rasoul Khayyam Nekouei. "Characterization of Nano-Structured Tin Oxide Film Prepared by Anodic Oxidation Process." Advanced Materials Research 829 (November 2013): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.366.

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In this study, synthesis of tin oxide by anodic oxidation of tin foils at room temperature in oxalic acid has been investigated. The prepared structure was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). FESEM results showed that the anodization process leads to formation of nanoporous, cuboid and granular structures. EDS analysis in all tested samples showed the constituents of tin and oxygen.

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Hu, Han Mei, and Chong Hai Deng. "Solvothermal Synthesis of CuInS₂ Porous Microspheres." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 1150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.1150.

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The porous hierarchical spherical CuInS2 microsturctures have been successfully fabricated through one-pot solvothermal technique. The crystal structure and morphology of the as-synthesized products are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results reveal that the shells of CuInS2 microspheres are composed of nanosheets or nanoparticles. The possible formation mechanism of CuInS2 porous microspheres is simply discussed.

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Lea, P., and D. K. Gross. "Effective diameters of protein A-gold and goat anti-rabbit-gold conjugates visualized by field emission scanning electron microscopy." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 40, no. 6 (June 1992): 751–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/40.6.1588022.

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High-voltage (15-30 kV) field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to evaluate the effects of gold particle size and protein concentration on the formation of protein-gold complexes. Six colloidal gold sols were prepared, ranging in diameter from 7.6 to 39.8 nm. The minimal protecting amounts (m.p.a.) of protein A and goat anti-rabbit antibody (GAR) were experimentally determined. Gold particles were conjugated at the m.p.a., one half the m.p.a., and ten times the m.p.a. for both proteins, and protein-gold complexes prepared for FESEM. The smallest colloidal gold particles required the most protein per milliliter of gold suspension for stabilization. Transmission electron microscopy was found to be the preferred method for accurate sizing of gold particles, whereas FESEM of protein-gold complexes permitted visualization of a protein halo around a spherical gold core. Protein halo width varied significantly with changes in gold particle size. Measurements of protein halos indicated that conjugation with the m.p.a. of protein A resulted in the thickest protein layers for all gold sizes. GAR conjugation with the m.p.a. again produced the thickest protein layers. However, GAR halos were significantly smaller than those obtained with protein A conjugation. The proteins used showed similar adsorption patterns for the larger gold particles. For smaller gold particles, proteins may act differently, and these complexes should be further characterized by low-voltage FESEM.

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Sawyer, Linda C. "Structure hierarchy in liquid crystalline polymers." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (August 1992): 1030–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100129784.

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Structure models have been developed for the liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs), showing the existence of fibrillar hierarchies for both the lyotropic aramids and the thermotropic aromatic copolyesters. Hierarchies of structure have also been observed for biological materials. The nature of the smallest nanostructure that aggregates, typically microfibrils, and their interaction, are important in understanding the behavior of the material. This paper discusses the first application of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to image the microfibrils in LCPs, in the 1-10 nm size range, resulting in a new LCP structural model.The structure model proposed earlier, was based on the study of Vectra® thermotropic LCP moldings and extrudates, and Vectran® and Kevlar® fibers. The model resulted from characterization by light microscopy, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Recent studies of similar fibers by STM and low voltage FESEM has provided additional insights. Details of single microfibrils and their aggregation into fibrils and macrofibrils was shown.

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Karim, Shafura, Uzer Mohd Noor, M. H. Mamat, Shuhaimi Abu Bakar, Salman A. H. Alrokayan, Haseeb A. Khan, and M. Rusop. "Structural Properties of Sn-Doped ZnO Thin Films Deposited on Glass Substrate Using Sol-Gel Immersion Method." Advanced Materials Research 1109 (June 2015): 568–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1109.568.

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Tin-doped Zinc Oxide (Sn-doped ZnO) thin films were prepared using zinc acetate dehydrate as a starting material by sol-gel immersion method. The doping concentrations were varied at 0 at.%, 1.0 at.%, 2.0 at.% and 3.0 at.%. The synthesized samples were characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM).

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Zheng, Zhao Qiang, Huan Yu Wu, and Bing Wang. "Self-Assembled Alcohol Sensor of In₂O₃Nanorods." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.46.

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In2O3nanorods have been fabricated on Cr comb-shaped interdigitating electrodes using thermal evaporation of the mixed powders of In2O3and active carbon with Au catalysts. The morphology and structure of the prepared nanorods are determined on the basis of field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The self-assembly grown sensors of In2O3nanorods have excellent performance in sensor response to alcohol concentration of 500 ppm under operated temperature of 300°C.

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31

Che Ismail, Nor Hafizah, Hazizan Md Akil, and Zainathul Akhmar Salim Abdul Salim. "Thermal and Morphological Properties of ABS/Muscovite Layered Silicate Composites." Materials Science Forum 947 (March 2019): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.947.185.

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The present study investigated the effects of untreated (UM) and treated (TM) muscovite fillers on the morphological and thermal properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) composites. The TM produced from a two-stage ion-exchange process and ABS composites were compounded using melt blending. ABS/muscovite layered silicate composites were characterized using Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) while the thermal properties was investigated through Thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. It was found that ABS/TM recorded higher thermal properties when compared to neat ABS and ABS/UM. The FESEM images showed better dispersion of ABS/TM compared to ABS/UM. Finally, mixed morphology of intercalated-exfoliated structure of composites was proven by TEM analysis.

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32

Lin, Wei Jhih, Chun Tsung Hsu, Yan Chou Lai, Wei Che Wu, Tsung Yi Hsieh, and Yu Chen Tsai. "Fabrication of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Titania Nanocomposite for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell." Advanced Materials Research 410 (November 2011): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.410.168.

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This work highlights the fabrication of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-TiO2 nanocomposite for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to improve the photovoltaic conversion efficiency. Morphology of the MWCNT-TiO2 film was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). FESEM images demonstrated that MWCNTs were dispersed homogeneously in TiO2 matrix. MWCNT acted as an efficient conduit for electron transfer that can enhance the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the DSSC. The proposed MWCNT-TiO2 nanocomposite photoelectrode might be beneficial to develop high photovoltaic conversion efficiency of DSSCs.

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33

Gnanamoorthy, P., V. Karthikeyan, and V. Ashok Prabu. "Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) characterisation of the porous silica nanoparticulate structure of marine diatoms." Journal of Porous Materials 21, no. 2 (December 17, 2013): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10934-013-9767-2.

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Miao, Qing Qing, Ying Mao Tang, Wen Wen Chen, Wei Wei Zheng, Qing Rong Qian, Jing Xu, Xin Ping Liu, Li Ren Xiao, Bao Quan Huang, and Qing Hua Chen. "Electrospun La³⁺-Doped ZnO Nanofibers with High Photocatalytic Activity for Rhodamine B Degradation." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.337.

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Grape-like structure La3+-doped ZnO nanofibers with different doping concentrations were prepared by electrospinning-calcination technology. The resultant nanofibers were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), photoluminescence spectrum (PL) and X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) respectively. The photocatalytic activities of the nanofibers for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution were studied. Results show that the doping concentration of La3+ has an significant influence on the photocatalytic performance of the nanofibers, and 2 mol.% La3+ is the optimal doping concentration.

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35

Yang, Baojun, Xinsong Yuan, and Duoli Chai. "A Rational Self-Sacrificing Template Route toLiMn2O4Nanotubes and Nanowires." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/197265.

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Single-crystallineLiMn2O4nanotubes and nanowires have been synthesized via a low-temperature molten salt synthesis method, using the preparedβ-MnO2nanotubes andα-MnO2nanowires as the precursors and self-sacrificing template. The materials were investigated by a variety of techniques, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results indicate that the preparedLiMn2O4nanotube and nanowire samples are both spinel phase, have lengths up to several micrometers and diameters of hundreds and tens of nanometers, respectively.

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Hu, Han Mei, Chong Hai Deng, Qiang Fang, Ya Gao, and Meng Wei Song. "Preparation and Characterization of Skin-Colored N-Doped ZnO Nanocrystals." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.243.

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In this paper, we report a simple two-step approach (microwave-calcinating) to prepare skin-colored N-doped ZnO nanocrystals. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-visible absorption were used to characterize the as-synthesized products. The FESEM results reveal the products mainly take on the morphology of porous flake constructed by 20 nm nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectrum shows a strong absorption peak located at 384nm.

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Wang, Bing, Wu Huan Yu, and Zheng Zhao Qiang. "Fabrication and Field Emission Properties of In₂O₃ Nanorods." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.417.

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A new nanostructure, 1D In2O3nanorod, have been grown on single silicon substrates by Au catalyst assisted thermal evaporation of In2O3and active carbon powders. The morphology and structure of the prepared nanorods are determined on the basis of field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The field-emission properities of In2O3nanorods have been measured and analysed. The growth mechanism of the In2O3nanorods can be explained on the basis of the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) processes.

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38

Raj, P. Markondeya, Stanley M. Dunn, and W. Roger Cannon. "Edge Sharpening for Unbiased Edge Detection in Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope Images." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, no. 2 (March 1999): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927699000100.

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We report here a specific type of edge strength anisotropy observed in field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images. The images show weaker edge gradients in the scanning direction and hence these edges frequently go undetected. Direct application of edge detection algorithms to images with nondistinct edges, such as powder particles, show strong bias to edges perpendicular to the scanning direction. Edge orientation polarograms obtained from these images always show strong fictitious particle orientation in the scanning direction. In this work, we discuss an edge-sharpening algorithm that corrects for this bias and results in relatively more accurate and consistent edge orientation information.

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Sengupta, Joydip, Sovan Kumar Panda, and Chacko Jacob. "A Comparative Study of the Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes Using Ni and Fe as Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 67 (April 2009): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.67.89.

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The effect of Fe and Ni catalysts on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) was investigated. Distribution of the catalyst particles over the Si substrate was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Characterization by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Raman spectroscopic measurements over the grown species is reported. The study clearly shows that the catalyst strongly influences morphology and microstructure of the grown CNTs.

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Xing, Guang Jian, Xiao Xiao Xiong, Dong Mei Peng, Yi Wang, and Guang Ming Wu. "Morphology Modulated Preparation of PbWO₄ Nano- and Macrostructures." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.392.

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PbWO4 nano- and macrostructures have been successfully synthesized via solvothermal method and a facile microwave irradiation method. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). By controlling experimental parameters including the CTAB concentration and the kind of solvent, different morphologies of PbWO4 nano- and macrostructures can be obtained.

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Cui, Miao Miao, Xiu Chun Yang, and Jun Wei Hou. "Preparation of AgBr Nanowire Arrays in Porous Anodic Aluminium Oxide Template by Paired Cell Deposition." Key Engineering Materials 539 (January 2013): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.539.255.

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Firstly, porous anodic aluminum oxide template was prepared by a two-step anodization process, then AgBr nanowire arrays were successfully synthesized by paired cell deposition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that the as-synthesized samples are composed of face-centered AgBr. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) shows that the average diameter of the nanowire arrays is about 70nm.

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42

Maksud, M. I., Mohd Sallehuddin Yusof, and Zaidi Embong. "Characterization of Multiple Functional Solid Line of Graphite Ink Surface Printed by Micro-Flexographic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 1379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.1379.

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The purpose of this paper is to study a ink surface morphology, quantify the chemical composition involved in processing of graphite ink printed by flexographic printing. The methodology is to use surface sensitive technique, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). As a finding we successfully achieved 25 micron lines array using PDMS printing plate. The Originality and value of this work is surface sensitive techniques like XPS, AFM and FESEM were exclusively used in order to characterize graphite inks printed by flexographic method, using PDMS printing plate.

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43

Razali, Mohd Hasmizam, M. N. Ahmad-Fauzi, Abdul Rahman Mohamed, and Srimala Sreekantan. "Physical Properties Study of TiO₂ Nanoparticle Synthesis via Hydrothermal Method Using TiO₂ Microparticles as Precursor." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.365.

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were successfully synthesised by hydrothermal method using TiO2 microparticle powder (Merck) as precursor. TiO2 microparticles powder (~160 nm) was mixed with 10 M NaOH and treated hydrothermally at 150 °C and 2 MPa pressure in autoclave for 24 hours. After hydrothermal reaction was completed, the sample was washed, dried and heated at 500 °C for 2 hours to produce TiO2 nanoparticles. The synthesised nanoparticles were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and raman spectroscopy. UV-Vis DRS was used to determine the band gap energy. Field emissions and transmissions electron microscopy images revealed that nanoparticles obtained was about 14 nm. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that TiO2 nanoparticles were anatase phase (tetragonal). The band gap energy of TiO2 nanoparticles was determined to be 3.32 eV.

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Gao, Lin Qiang, Hai Yan Chen, Zhen Wang, and Xin Zou. "Solvothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Lithium Tantalate Nanoparticles." Key Engineering Materials 602-603 (March 2014): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.602-603.19.

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Nanoscale LiTaO3 powders with perovskite structure were synthesized using the solvothermal technique with glycol as solvent at 240°C for 12h. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD was used to elucidate room temperature structures using Rietveld refinement. The powders were pure single pervoskite phase with high crystallinity. FESEM and TEM were used to determine particle size and morphology. The average LiTaO3 grain size was estimated to be < 200nm, and TEM images indicated that LiTaO3 particles had a brick-like morphology. In addition, the effect of the temperature on the LiTaO3 power characterisitics was also detailed studied.

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Kang, Min Sung, Seok Ho Yoon, and Hyoung Joon Jin. "Preparation of Electrospun Protein Nanofibers with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1737.

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A simple and mass producible method was developed to incorporate multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into electrospun silk fibroin (Bombyx mori) nanofibers. The process consists of dispersing the acid-treated MWCNTs in an aqueous silk fibroin solution, and blending this solution with a water-soluble polymer, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), followed by electrospinning of the composite solution. The morphology and microstructure of the electrospun nanofibers were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The FESEM and TEM images show that the MWCNTs are embedded along the nanofibers. Aqueous-based electrospinning of silk/PEO/MWCNTs composites provides potentially useful options for the fabrication of biomaterial scaffolds, e.g. wound dressings, based on this unique fibrous protein.

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Hsu, Hung Pin, Ying Sheng Huang, Chien Nan Yeh, Yi Min Chen, Dah Shyang Tsai, and Kwong Kau Tiong. "Growth and Characterization of Well-Aligned RuO₂/R-TiO₂ Heteronanostructures on Sapphire (100) Substrates by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering." Solid State Phenomena 170 (April 2011): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.170.78.

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We report the growth of well-aligned RuO2/R-TiO2 heteronanostructures on sapphire (100) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using Ti and Ru metal targets under different conditions. The surface morphology and structural properties of the as-deposited heteronanostructures were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected-area electron diffractometry (SAED). The FESEM micrographs and XRD patterns indicated the growth of vertically aligned RuO2(001) nanotubes and twinned V-shaped RuO2(101) nanowedges (NWs) on top of R-TiO2 nanorods under different sputtering pressures. TEM and SAED characterizations of the V-shaped RuO2 NWs showed that the NWs are crystalline RuO2 with twin planes of (101) and twin direction of [ 01] at the V-junction.

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Srithar, A., J. C. Kannan, and T. S. Senthil. "Synthesis, structural and optical properties of Mn doped ZnO nanoparticles and their antibacterial application." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 12, no. 12 (June 15, 2016): 4593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v12i12.803.

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In the present investigation, MnxZn1-xO (x = 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1%) nanoparticles have been synthesized by simple precipitation method. Their structural, morphological and optical properties were examined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The Powder X-ray diffraction studies confirmed that the manganese doped ZnO have a single phase nature with hexagonal wurtzite structure and Mn successfully incorporated into the lattice position of Zn in ZnO lattice. The FESEM and HRTEM images are coincided with each other for aggregation of particles in nature. The elemental analysis of doped samples has been evaluated by EDX. The antibacterial activity of Mn doped ZnO nanoparticles has also been examined.

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Zhang, Junhao, Yuhui Wu, Jia Zhu, Shaoxing Huang, Dongjing Zhang, and Qinghuan Yin. "Synthesis and optical properties of self-assembled flower-like CdS architectures by mixed solvothermal process." Open Chemistry 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2010): 1027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-010-0075-2.

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AbstractSelf-assembled CdS architectures with flower-like structures have been synthesized by a mixed solvothermal method using ethylene glycol and oleic acid as the mixed solvent at 160°C for 12 h. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicate that the product exists as the hexagonal wurtzite phase and conatins of larger numbers of flower-like CdS architectures with diameters of 1.8–3 μm. The selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern and the high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) image reveal that the grain has better crystallinity. The optical properties of flower-like CdS architectures were also investigated by ultraviolet-visable (UV-vis) and photoluminescence spectroscopy at room temperature. A strong peak at 490 nm is shown in the UV-vis absorption, while an emission at 486 nm and another strong emission at 712 nm are shown in the PL spectrum.

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Zhang, Guo Lei, Xiu Min Gao, and Xiao Dong Xu. "Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Zirconium Dioxide Using an Ionic Liquid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.255.

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Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanocrystals were prepared by the microwave-assisted ionic liquid method using an ionic liquid of 1-n-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that the crystal structure was monoclinic. The morphology of ZrO2 nanocrystals was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transimission electron microscopy (TEM), which showed uniform ZrO2 nanoparticles without aggregation. Thermogravimetry (TG) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) curves confirmed the adsorption of organic compounds on the surface of ZrO2.

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Chang, Byung Hun, Se Hee Lee, Anantha Iyengar Gopalan, and Kwang Pill Lee. "Chemical Grafting of New Poly(Aminophenyl Bornoic Acid) Chains onto the Surface of Silica Nanoparticles." Advanced Materials Research 717 (July 2013): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.717.90.

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In this report, the chains of poly (aminophenylbornoic acid) (PAPBA) were grafted onto the surface of silica nanoparticles to obtain Si-g-PAPBA. Si-g-PAPBA was characterized through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Grafting of PAPBA chains onto silica surface was confirmed by TGA and FTIR spectroscopy.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM)'

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