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Ibroxim Qizi, Shorasulova Arofat. "The Problem Of The Study Of The Lexical-Semantic Field Of “Time” In Linguistics." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 05 (May 30, 2021): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue05-40.
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This scientific work analyzes the objective, subjective signs of time and their ways of expression: lexical and phraseological units in the temporal space, their place, scope, lexical units of time in the Uzbek language. There has been a great deal of research in the field of lexical semantics in linguistics, and scholars differ on this point. It is well known that in linguistics, the theory of the lexical-semantic field has been studied within one language, two languages, and based on comparative analysis.
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Lu, Chuhao. "On the Classification of Semantic Changes in Grammatical Metaphor." International Journal of Linguistics 10, no. 1 (January 22, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v10i1.12419.
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In terms of the correlations of grammatical metaphor, semantics and semogenesis, grammatical metaphor is studied as regard to its influence on semantic meanings. Theory of image schema in cognitive linguistic, together with the semantic analysis in semantics, is being adopted into the classification of change in semantic meanings, which is embedded in linguistic and non-linguistic level. Later it was found out that both ideational metaphor and interpersonal metaphor can create these four types of semantic changes, namely, semantic reduction, semantic addition, semantic inconsistence, and semantic reconstruction. Some human’s cognitive characteristics and cognitive processes are also revealed by this interdisciplinary approach of combining grammatical metaphor with other fields, such as cognitive linguistics and cognitive pragmatics.
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Kramsch, Claire. "A New Field of Research: SLA-Applied Linguistics." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 115, no. 7 (December 2000): 1978–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/463621.
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Second language acquisition research (sla) is the systematic exploration of the conditions that make the acquisition of a foreign language possible, both in natural and in instructional settings. Its objects of study are the biological, linguistic, psychological, and emotional makeup of language learners and the educational, social, and institutional context of learning and teaching. Whereas language as a linguistic system is studied through the metalanguage of linguistics (phonology, syntax, and semantics), language learning, as psycholinguistic process and sociolinguistic discourse, is researched through the metadiscourse of applied linguistics: psycho- and sociolinguistics, anthropological and educational linguistics, discourse analysis, pragmatics, stylistics, and composition and literacy studies. These fields illuminate what it means to learn to speak, read, write, and interact in a foreign language, what it means to appropriate for oneself the national idiom of communities that share a history and a culture that are different from one's own. SLA provides the applied linguistic metadiscourse for the practice of language learning and teaching.
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Yunira, Sandra, Siska Fradina, Mathilda Sumbayak, Nunung Susilo Putri, and Tatum Derin. "Re-Visits the Grand Theory of Geoffrey Leech: Seven Types of Meaning." REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language 1, no. 3 (March 18, 2020): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/reila.v1i3.3768.
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Meaning is the field of the study discussed in semantic science. Semantics is a branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words in languages. In contrast, linguistics is the study of oral and written communications that have systematic, rational, empirical characteristics as a description of the structure and rules of language. This present study argues that the meaning of a word in language can be known with the foundation of semantic science. The problems this present study focused on are the seven types of meaning and their descriptions in the book of Semantics by Geoffrey Leech: 1981. The research aims to classify and to identify seven types of meanings, and also to analyze Leech’s book and three article reviews of his theory. This present study uses a qualitative approach focusing on the words, phrases, and sentences regarding the theory. The result of this research confirmed that there are seven types of meaning based on Leech’s theory, namely conceptual, connotative, collocative, reflective, affective, social, and thematic. A novelty that this present study found is that the seven types of meaning have variations in their descriptions.
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Yunira, Sandra, Siska Pradina, Mathilda Sumbayak, Nunung Susilo Putri, and Tatum Derin. "Re-Visits the Grand Theory of Geoffrey Leech: Seven Types of Meaning." REiLA: Journal of Research and Innovation in Language 1, no. 3 (December 29, 2019): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/reila.v1i3.3577.
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Meaning is the field of the study discussed in the semantic field. Semantics is a branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words in languages. This present study would like to set thought and argues that the meaning of a word in language can be known with the foundation of semantic perspective. Therefore, this present study focused on explaining its thought based on the seven types of meaning and their descriptions in the book of Semantics by Geoffrey Leech: 1981. The research aims to classify and to identify seven types of meanings, and also to analyze Leech’s book and three article reviews of his theory. This present study uses a qualitative approach focusing on the words, phrases, and sentences regarding the theory. The result of this research believes that there are seven types of meaning just as Leech’s mentioned in his theory, namely conceptual, connotative, collocative, reflective, affective, social, and thematic. This present study also found that the seven types of meaning have variations in their descriptions which somehow liked to connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning and collocative meaning include to associative meaning.
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Gladkova, Katerina Yu. "INTERPRETATIONS OF THE NOTION ‘INTERROGATIVITY’ IN LINGUISTICS." Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология 12, no. 2 (2020): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2020-2-5-17.
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The paper addresses different approaches to the interpretation of the notion ‘interrogativity’ in science. This notion is under constant study in different fields of knowledge, such as philosophy, logics, pedagogy, psychology, sociology, linguistics, literature studies, etc. The paper aims to study approaches to the interpretation of the notion ‘interrogativity’ in linguistics in its different aspects; therefore, the above notion is analyzed in grammar, semantics, stylistics, functional stylistics, pragmatics, theory of speech acts. The author also analyzes the notion in a historical retrospective, providing philosophical and logical background of its appearance in linguistics, where it preserves its epistemological sense. From the linguistic point of view, the semantics, functions and formal ways of representation of the above notion in language are considered in the paper. In the aspect of grammar, formal ways of representation of the above category are analyzed. In the aspect of semantics, the content and various functions are under consideration. From the stylistic point of view, the role of interrogativity in texts of various functional styles (e. g. literary text, scientific text, official documents, journalistic text) is analyzed. Numerous research works concerning the notion of linguistic interrogativity claim that it may be either explicit or implicit. Explicit interrogativity means that the semantics of interrogation is presented in the text by formal means of a question (word order, intonation, question words), while implicit interrogativity presupposes interrogative semantics in statements.
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Ahmadin, Dimjati. "The Involvement Of Austin's Ideas In Semantics." ULUL ALBAB Jurnal Studi Islam 5, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ua.v5i1.6142.
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There are instructions from the theory of speech acts that in the initial period, there were differences of opinion among experts. Philosophy, just like the difference between Ibnu Sina and Thomas Hobbes, the first time to examine the problem firmly and complete namely research conducted by J.L. Austin (linguist). This library research intends to study whether two prominent writers in the field semantics namely John Lyons in his book "Linguistic Semantics" and Ruth Kempson in his book "Semantic Theory" involves Austin's ideas in discussion they. Based on the data obtained and the discussions that have been carried out, it can be concluded that the two semantic experts involved Austin ideas in their discussion in semantics. However, the way they involve ideas Austin in their discussion varies from one another, ha / this is in line with the development of social sciences which have never been constant including semantics, as mentioned in previous discussions. Furthermore, it can also be concluded that the two semantic experts took advantage of Austin's ideas in their discussion, even though sometimes their opinions are different from Austin.
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Sickinger, Pawel. "Aiming for Cognitive Equivalence – Mental Models as a Tertium Comparationis for Translation and Empirical Semantics." Research in Language 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 213–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rela-2017-0013.
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This paper introduces my concept of cognitive equivalence (cf. Mandelblit, 1997), an attempt to reconcile elements of Nida’s dynamic equivalence with recent innovations in cognitive linguistics and cognitive psychology, and building on the current focus on translators’ mental processes in translation studies (see e.g. Göpferich et al., 2009, Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, 2010). My approach shares its general impetus with Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk’s concept of re-conceptualization, but is independently derived from findings in cognitive linguistics and simulation theory (see e.g. Langacker, 2008; Feldman, 2006; Barsalou, 1999; Zwaan, 2004). Against this background, I propose a model of translation processing focused on the internal simulation of reader reception and the calibration of these simulations to achieve similarity between ST and TT impact. The concept of cognitive equivalence is exemplarily tested by exploring a conceptual / lexical field (MALE BALDNESS) through the way that English, German and Japanese lexical items in this field are linked to matching visual-conceptual representations by native speaker informants. The visual data gathered via this empirical method can be used to effectively triangulate the linguistic items involved, enabling an extra-linguistic comparison across languages. Results show that there is a reassuring level of inter-informant agreement within languages, but that the conceptual domain for BALDNESS is linguistically structured in systematically different ways across languages. The findings are interpreted as strengthening the call for a cognition-focused, embodied approach to translation.
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Oakley, Todd. "Implied narratives of medical practice in learning-for-doing texts: a simulation semantics approach to rhetorical analysis." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 14, no. 3 (August 2005): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947005054483.
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The functional interdependence of word, image, narration, and reason is recognized as a fundamental condition of modern-day persuasion, yet a substantial gap still exists in our understanding of how static textual elements interact to generate dynamic, persuasive narratives. This article attempts to narrow that gap in understanding through the development of a simulation semantics approach to rhetorical analysis as applied to print advertisements in medical journals. Located within the broader field of cognitive linguistics, simulation semantics is a theory of linguistic meaning based on the hypothesis that language users run mental simulations of perceptual and motor content of experiences which distribute inferences from these simulations during language comprehension and production. Using the perspectives and methods of conceptual blending, a programmatic model of meaning construction developed by Fauconnier and Turner (2002) and elaborated by many associates (e.g. Brandt and Brandt, 2002; Coulson and Oakley, 2000), the article attempts to show how a simulation semantic approach can lead to cognitively plausible explanations of how persuasion works in a genre of print advertisements aimed at physicians and medical practitioners I call learning-for-doing. In addition, I seek to further refine conceptual blending theory as an interpretive framework by arguing for the need to incorporate the notion of a grounding space as well as the need to distinguish between conceptual blending and conceptual integration.
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Guijarro-Fuentes, Pedro. "Language acquisition and linguistic theory: When linguistic theory meets empirical data." Applied Linguistics Review 11, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2017-0102.
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AbstractThis Special Issue brings together the current work of well-established and well-known researchers in the field of language acquisition from a formal approach across several languages and of bilingual acquisition (2L1 and adult simultaneous and successive bilinguals), focusing on the syntax, semantics and pragmatics of different linguistic phenomena. Specifically, the four papers that will encompass this Special Issue together with an afterword paper written by a leading researcher in the field, Itziar Laka, discuss two main issues for current linguistic theory, both related, in this discussion, to Spanish: on the one hand, how do data and phenomena from the acquisition of different Romance languages inform and shape generative linguistic theory? And, on the other, how does generative linguistic theory frame and constrain research on the acquisition of Romance languages? To that end, divergent bilingual populations are used in these studies, which present longitudinal or cross-sectional data using a diverse range of methodologies (more on this within the individual summaries).
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Anas, Hazuar. "al-Dilalah al-Siyaqiyyah Wa Suwar Tatbiquha Fi Tafsir al-Kasysyaf." Arabiyatuna : Jurnal Bahasa Arab 1, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jba.v1i1.193.
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The significance is a science that studies meaning or linguistics that deals with the theory of meaning. There are several theories related to the issue of meaning: indicative and photographic theory, behavioral theory, contextual theory, analytic theory, and semantic field theory. This research is based on contextual theory. The issue of meaning in the owners of this theory is to use the language, the study of the meanings of words in this theory requires an analysis of the contexts and attitudes that are contained in them even if they were non-language. In addition, the researcher determines in this research the linguistic context, not all of the research on the context. The objectives of this research are a statement of the contextual meanings and types of application in the interpretation of the first volume scout. This research is a kind of qualitative research and uses the researcher in this researcher descriptive approach, which is the data and description of the data in sentences or words. The researcher asks for these data from the sources related to the subject of this research such as the book of interpretation of the Scouts and the books of semantics and the book, which looked for the application of semantics. This research is also called research desk. The results of this research are that the meanings of contextual interpretation of the Scout Volume I of the twenty places of the verses. The meaning of the word sedition, the book, today, and the beating
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Dasgupta, Probal. "Translation and the Application of Linguistics." Meta 39, no. 2 (September 30, 2002): 374–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/002486ar.
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Abstract This article explores some topics at the boundary between linguistics theory and the applied linguistic foundations of the practice of translation. Section 1, The irrelevance of the avant-garde , considers the relation between such academic adventures as semiotics and poststructuralism on the one hand and the theory of language and the practice of translation on the other, and argues that radical antiscientism does not bear on the foundations of translation. Section 2, The irrelevance of the technical , looks at formal syntax and semantics in relation to the concepts of applied linguistics and shows that careful contemporary linguistics cannot underpin an applied enterprise that includes translation studies. Section 3, The substantive hase of translation , indicates (in some detail for translation and at a general level for other applied linguistic activities) the direction that the contemporary integration of various lines of linguistic research is taking vis-à-vis the needs of such applied enterprises as translation, literary studies, language planning, lexicography, and language teaching. Section 3 invokes a concept of substance as opposed to form and thus sets the scene for the concluding section 4, Pragmatics, applied studies, and scientific progress , which argues that it is necessary to take help from linguistics in order to construct the field of translation studies in such a way that practitioners can truly benefit freely from all relevant branches of knowledge, in view of the fact that chaos is an obstacle to genuine freedom.
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Gari, Nelia, Zulkifli Zulkifli, Wella Cisilya Putri, and Lana Hasanah. "Ogden and Richards Proposed Theories: A Brief Overlook as a Prominent Reference for the Current Studies." REiLA: Journal of Research and Innovation in Language 1, no. 3 (December 29, 2019): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/reila.v1i3.3599.
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The purpose of this article is to find out whether the Ogden and Richard theories are still worthy of being a reference for the current situation. This study intended to review the theories that are highly popular in the semantic environment. Ogden and Richard's theory is one of the most popular semantic theories in linguistics. This theory is a very simple theory related to thought/reference, symbol and referent. Besides, this theory is often referred to as a triangle of meaning and a semiotic triangle. Many researchers try to review the Ogden and Richard theory (Theory Triangle) based on the understanding and perspective of the researchers. This study described and compared the similarity and difference between five (5) studies on the triangle of meaning proposed by Ogden and Richard (1923) this study the analysis and employed a comparative study as a qualitative study in nature. This study explored five (5) articles e.g...“Ogden and Richards’ The Meaning of Meaning and early analytic philosophy, Semantic Triangle and Linguistic Sign, Controversies and Misunderstandings about Meaning: On the reception of Ogden and Richards book, (The Meaning of Meaning), Theories of Semantics; Merits and Limitations, Research on Translation Based on Semantic Triangle Theory”. This study sees that the theory of from Ogden and Richards is still worthy of being a reference until now. The studies being used as lens seems giving their positive credits to their study. This means that Ogden and Richards somehow acknowledged being as a prominent study in their field until now.
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Gari, Nelia, Zulkifli Zulkifli, Wella Cisilya Putri, and Lana Hasanah. "Ogden and Richards Proposed Theories: A Brief Overlook as a Prominent Reference for the Current Studies." REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language 1, no. 3 (March 27, 2020): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/reila.v1i3.3827.
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The purpose of this article is to find out whether the Ogden and Richard theories are still worthy of being a reference for the current situation. This study intended to review the theories that are highly popular in the semantic environment. Ogden and Richard's theory is one of the most popular semantic theories in linguistics. This theory is a very simple theory related to thought/reference, symbol and referent. Besides, this theory is often referred to as a triangle of meaning and a semiotic triangle. Many researchers try to review the Ogden and Richard theory (Theory Triangle) based on the understanding and perspective of the researchers. This study described and compared the similarity and difference between five (5) studies on the triangle of meaning proposed by Ogden and Richard (1923) this study the analysis and employed a comparative study as a qualitative study in nature. This study explored five (5) articles e.g...“Ogden and Richards‟ The Meaning of Meaning and early analytic philosophy, Semantic Triangle and Linguistic Sign, Controversies and Misunderstandings about Meaning: On the reception of Ogden and Richards book, (The Meaning of Meaning), Theories of Semantics; Merits and Limitations, Research on Translation Based on Semantic Triangle Theory”. This study sees that the theory of from Ogden and Richards is still worthy of being a reference until now. The studies being used as lens seems giving their positive credits to their study. This means that Ogden and Richards somehow acknowledged being as a prominent study in their field until now.
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Popovic, Ljudmila. "Current issues of cognitive linguistic studies of Serbian." Juznoslovenski filolog 73, no. 3-4 (2017): 315–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1704315p.
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The paper discusses the results of research by Serbian scholars into the field of cognitive linguistics over the past ten years. Special emphasis is laid on the cognitive linguistic studies of grammar, both in Serbian proper and from the contrastive viewpoint, which successfully apply Predrag Piper?s semantic localisation theory. It highlights the achievements of Serbian scholars in the sphere of historical cognitive linguistics, as well as fuzzy linguistics. It singles out cognitive principles in research into Serbian dialectology, as well as into lexicology, cultural linguistics and ethnolinguistics. The paper specifies the distinctive principles of the multidisciplinary fields in which cognitive linguistic methods of language study are used.
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Luttermann, Karin. "Verständliche Semantik in schriftlichen Kommunikationsformen." Fachsprache 32, no. 3-4 (May 31, 2017): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/fs.v32i3-4.1395.
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The paper Comprehensible semantics in written forms of communication deals with the comprehensibility of legal semantics in written legal communication for legal experts andlay persons. The Comprehensibility Model of Legal Language is in the tradition of linguistic pragmatics and exemplifies the language use in German product liability law which belongsto the core of consumer protection in everyday economic transactions. This includes lexemes such as ‘Fehler’ (error), ‘Produkt’ (product), ‘Sache’ (object) or ‘Mangel’ (defect) which occur both in expert as well as in non-expert situations of use.Intersections in the semantic explication between legal experts and laypersons as well as communicative problems of legal laypersons are determined. The linguistic problems must besolved in interdisciplinary committees of linguists and legal experts: e.g., in the editorial team Legal Language in the German Federal Ministry of Justice or in an European Competence Center for language and the law. The Comprehensibility Model aims at comprehensible communication of the law, in order to implement the concept of linguistic democracy. It works in the horizon of the recipient. This designates adequacy with regard to object and addressee for the production and reception of legal texts.The methodological basis is multiperspectivity: with the theory pattern, the empirical pattern, the results pattern and the comparison pattern. This leads to new possibilities for research on language for special purposes, transcending traditional disciplinary boundaries, as well as to new, practically relevant professional fields for students of Applied Linguistics (e.g., legal editor, executive consultant).
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Yue, Xue. "Research in the field of political linguistics (based on the materials of the journal “Political linguistics” for 2006–2017)." Neophilology, no. 24 (2020): 746–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2020-6-24-746-754.
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Political linguistics in Russia is characterized by a large number of directions and topics varieties, especially political metaphor and discourse-analysis, which serves as the main method of linguocognitive interpretation of the text as a whole and the word separately. We analyze the scientific results presented on the pages of the journal “Political Linguistics” for 2006–2017 (edi-tor-in-chief A.P. Chudinov). During this period, 46 published issues, distributed in 33 countries, highlight the main directions (theory of political linguistics, fundamental linguistics, rhetoric, so-ciolinguistics, cultural linguistics, cognitive linguistics, semiotics, semantics, pragmatics, corpus linguistics and intercultural communication) that stimulate research in the field of political com-munication and the language of politics. We establish that more than 90% of all directions are in-tercultural communication, which focuses on the study of communication strategies and language manipulation. We justify that the context of the 12-year development of Russian political linguis-tics reflects the expansion of political discourse and contributes to the activation of the critical dis-course analysis as a direction. We substantiate that in Russian political linguistics, there are direc-tions that are just emerging: polylinguistic forecasting, polylinguistic personality, political self-presentation, comparative studies of political texts.
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Al-Janabi, Adel, Ehsan Ali Kareem, and Radhwan Hussein Abdulzhraa Al Sagheer. "Encapsulation of semantic description with syntactic components for the Arabic language." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i2.pp961-967.
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<span>The work presents new theoretical equipment for the representation of natural languages (NL) in computers. Linguistics: morphology, semantics, and syntax are also presented as components of subtle computer science that form. A structure and an integrated data system. The presented useful theory of language is a new method to learn the language by separating the fields of semantics and syntax.</span>
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Maslova, Valentina A., and Anton A. Lavitski. "Philosophical Issues of Semantics Raised by L.A. Novikov as a Key to Creating the Terminology Apparatus of Legal Linguistics (Category of Intentiuon)." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 10, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 567–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-3-567-580.
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In the late 20th century, in linguistics, inevitable changes were felt which were connected with the necessity in the transition of the science about language onto an absolutely new stage of its development. L.A. Novikov was one of the first among those who understood it. In the 80-s of the previous century he presented a new idea of semantics with deep philosophic understanding of its problem field, with the aspiration to seek solutions through the language interdisciplinary links. For the contemporary linguistics L.A. Novikov’s approaches are evident; however, they are not deprived of urgency and can become a clue to the solution of many problems especially in the field of terminology studies. In the present paper, on the basis of L.A. Novikov’s theory, an attempt is made to give the definition for the category of intentionality from the point of view of legal linguistics since the application of the available in the theory of law ideas for the new integrated direction is already insufficient. Legal linguistics has entered the development phase when there is an urgent necessity in shaping its own terminological vocabulary. This process can’t be “closed” and be limited by the approaches of the theory of law and theory of language: the shaping of the notion apparatus must be based on the ideas available in philosophy, psychology, physiology, education etc. This understanding of the problem finds its reflection in the present paper which makes it possible to define intentionality as a form of the implementation of the deliberateness of the act which is determined by the motive.
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Almela-Sánchez, Moisés. "Collocation and Selectional Preferences: A Frame-based Approach." Journal of English Studies 17 (December 18, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.3905.
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Most of the research conducted into collocation and semantic frames has dealt with these phenomena separately. The study of collocation has not figured prominently in the research agenda of frame semantics, and frame semantics has only sporadically been used as an analytical framework for collocation. This article is a contribution to narrowing the gap between the two fields. It does so by addressing key issues in the design of a frame-based approach to collocation, with a special focus on the relation between collocational patterns and semantic valency, and by providing arguments for the efficacy of the frame-semantic theoretical apparatus in explaining verb-adjective links that are not accounted for by the existing models of collocation. The methodology combines lexicographic resources as well as quantitative and qualitative analysis of examples and data from an English web corpus (ukWaC).
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Stjernfelt, Frederik. "The ontology of espionage in reality and fiction: A case study on iconicity." Sign Systems Studies 31, no. 1 (December 31, 2003): 133–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2003.31.1.05.
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A basic form of iconicity in literature is the correspondence between basic conceptual schemata in literary semantics on the one hand and in factual treatments on the other. The semantics of a subject like espionage is argued to be dependent on the ontology of the field in question, with reference to the English philosopher Barry Smith’s “fallibilistic apriorism”. This article outlines such an ontology, on the basis of A. J. Greimas’s semiotics and Carl Schmitt’s philosophy of state, claiming that the semantics of espionage involves politology and narratology on an equal footing. The spy’s “positional” character is analyzed on this basis. A structural difference between police and military espionage is outlined with reference to Georges Dumézil’s theory of the three functions in Indo-European thought. A number of ontological socalled “insecurities” inherent in espionage and its literary representation are outlined. Finally, some hypotheses are stated concerning the connection between espionage and literature, and some central allegorical objects — love, theology — of the spy novel are sketched, and a conclusion on the iconicity of literature is made.
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Banks, David. "Emerging scientific discourse in the late seventeenth century." Functions of Language 12, no. 1 (March 22, 2005): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.12.1.04ban.
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This study concerns two scientific texts of the late seventeenth century. One is Newton’s Opticks, written in English; the other, written in French, is Traité de la lumière by Huygens. It is argued that the two writers have different ideologies, in the sense that Newton is working in an empirical framework, whereas Huygens is a Cartesian. This has an effect on the semantics and lexicogrammar of the two texts. The percentage of Material process passives, the type of personal pronouns and the process types with which they are used, and the types of processes which are nominalized are all features which reflect the empirical stance of Newton as opposed to the Cartesian position adopted by Huygens. The contexts of the two texts are virtually identical, measured in terms of Field, Tenor and Mode. This has implications for SFL theory, and allows for the hypothesis that ideology affects the semantic metafunctions directly.
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Akay, O. M. "Generic Correlates as Lakunae Elimination." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 21, no. 3 (October 5, 2019): 780–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2019-21-3-780-787.
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There is a large scatter of ideas about lacunae in modern linguistics. The lacuna phenomenon can be defined as a sign, a fixing principle of the presence / absence of an object or phenomenon; the phenomenon of absence in discourse, discursive omissions; differences, contradictions in the semantic sphere, revealed in communication, acts of misunderstanding; nonequivalent vocabulary, reality, white spots on the semantic map; zero correlate, dark holes; national specific differences between languages; virtual units, etc. If we assume that the lacuna is not a figment of imagination, but a unit that objectively exists in a language, it becomes obvious that it is impossible to mentally insert an infinite number of alien units into the language system. Thus, it would be wrong to identify the presence of lacunae in a language on this basis. The ideas of multi-level lacunarity are multiplying in works related to translation studies and intercultural communication. Particular attention should be given to grammatical lacunae, manifested in the linguistic gender. Feminine generic correlates of animated masculine names are productively analyzed as intralingual grammatical lacunae. The study of these forms in the paradigm of the theory of lacunarity makes it possible to focus on their pragmatic properties, since the systemic absence of linguistic units helps to clarify their linguistic-pragmatic characteristics. The following methods were used to study generic correlates as lacunae elimination. The method of privative oppositions was employed to study changing / unchangeable lexical units; the modeling method and the psycholinguistic method were used to study fragments of linguistic consciousness in native speakers and to detect the psychological component in the semantics of words. Based on the study of semantic-cognitive characteristics of language lacunae, their fundamental ambiguity and heterogeneity, it seems legitimate to isolate a specific area of the linguistic field called lacunology.
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Ziegert, Carsten. "Beyond Barr – Biblical Hebrew Semantics at its Crossroads." European Journal of Theology 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ejt2021.1.003.zieg.
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Summary This survey article comments on the history of biblical semantics from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the present time. This period of 200 years is divided into three phases, each of which is governed by a predominant paradigm: 1) The era of biblical philology was heavily influenced by the ideas of Wilhelm von Humboldt. 2) Linguistic structuralism was promulgated to biblical scholars by James Barr since the 1960s. 3) The present time, still dominated by structuralism, has nevertheless seen the rise of a new paradigm, namely, cognitive linguistics. Within this domain, particularly frame semantics and the theory of conceptual metaphors have the potential to bring fresh insights to biblical semantics, exegesis and theology. This development is illustrated by means of some examples from the field of biblical Hebrew. Zusammenfassung In diesem Überblicksartikel wird die Geschichte der biblischen Semantik vom Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts bis in die Gegenwart nachgezeichnet. Dieser Zeitraum von 200 Jahren lässt sich in drei Phasen einteilen, in denen jeweils ein Paradigma maßgeblich ist: 1) Die Epoche der biblischen Philologie war stark von den Ideen Wilhelm von Humboldts geprägt. 2) Der linguistische Strukturalismus wurde in den Bibelwissenschaften seit den 1960er Jahren durch James Barr vorherrschend. 3) In der Gegenwart, die immer noch vom Strukturalismus beherrscht wird, zeichnet sich die kognitive Linguistik als ein neues Paradigma ab. Vor allem die Frame-Semantik und die Theorie der konzeptuellen Metaphern haben das Potential, die biblische Semantik, Exegese und Theologie durch neue Erkenntnisse zu bereichern. Das wird durch einige Beispiele aus dem Bereich des biblischen Hebräisch veranschaulicht. Résumé Ce survol examine l’histoire de la sémantique biblique du début du XIXe siècle à nos jours. Cette période de 200 ans comporte trois phases, chacune dominée par un paradigme différent: 1) L’époque de la philologie biblique est fortement marquée par les idées de Wilhelm von Humboldt. 2) Dans les années soixante, c’est le structuralisme linguistique de James Barr qui se répand parmi les exégètes. 3) Aujourd’hui, bien que le structuralisme ait encore l’avantage, un nouveau paradigme est né et se développe, savoir la linguistique cognitive. Dans ce domaine, la sémantique des schémas et la théorie des métaphores conceptuelles en particulier peuvent offrir tant à la sémantique biblique, qu’à l’exégèse et à la théologie des perspectives nouvelles. La preuve en est donnée par des exemples tirés du domaine de l’hébreu biblique.
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MacLaury, Robert E. "Patrizia Violi, Meaning and experience. Translated by Jeremy Carden. (Advances in Semiotics, Thomas A. Sebeok, general ed.). Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2001. Pp. xiv, 291. Hb $49.95." Language in Society 31, no. 5 (November 2002): 779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404502225051.
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In this clearly wrought translation from Italian, the philosopher Patrizia Violi analyzes and criticizes in exacting detail the development of lexical semantics from the classical models through structuralism, prototype theory, and frame semantics, to end at the threshold of cognitive semantics (cf. Violi 1997). Her critique expounds on both well-known and little-known concepts, but she does not innovate theory. Her account could be useful as a handbook to anyone who teaches lexical semantics or who wishes to match his or her overview of this field with that of an accomplished academic who has given it vast thought; the work is too advanced for most students. The reader likely will disagree with some of Violi's explications, all of which, nevertheless, are sufficiently informed to force clarification of any contrary position. The book rivals the main synopses published in English (Durbin & Radden 1987, Hjelmslev 1953, Johnson-Laird 1983, Taylor 1989), but it adds a semiotic facet derived mainly from works of Umberto Eco, Diego Marconi, and Algirdas J. Greimas. Of its references, 248 are in English, 24 in Italian, 24 in French, and 16 in other languages; all but two are generally available. Many of the 277 notes are immediately germane to the text, although others are dispensable distractions. The nine-page index is taxonomic but cryptic; for example, externalism appears under both Linguistics and Meaning, each appearance with different pages, but intension and extension are elusive; because the book is a review of concepts, this handicap is grave.
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Andreyeva, Tetyana. "Communicative grammar in modern Ukrainian linguodidactics." Actual issues of Ukrainian linguistics: theory and practice, no. 37 (2018): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apultp.2018.37.141-156.
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This article examines the notion of communicative grammar in its relations with the Ukrainian linguodidactics. This problem is related to the language competence, which serves as a component of communicative competence. The present stage of studying the numerous problems of linguistics is characterized by the fact that they are considered in a cognitive-communicative perspective. The fact of the establishment of a cognitive-communicative paradigm in modern linguistics leads to the foreground of the study, which uses the functional description of the language system and its constructive units. Application of the communicative-activity approach corresponds most closely to modern educational goals and psycho-pedagogical ideas of the present, as it creates the preconditions for the active formation of communicative competences among students, serving as the main goal of standardized language education at all levels. The communicative approach to the study of the linguistic system demonstrates the applicable nature, because it involves mastering the linguistic material as an action: acquisition of the lexical and grammatical system of language based on their communicative importance. The specificity of modern research in the field of grammar was the emergence of various types of grammar (generative grammar, communicative grammar, functional grammar). Communicative grammar is one of the areas of language learning, which combines the systematic representation of grammar and text analysis (as part of this, there is a broad term in grammar, it also includes the lexical semantics). Significant linguistic units were in the focus of the study of communicative grammar in connection with the communicative activity of the speaker. The main object of this science is the text, and its purpose is the justification of the specific text and each of its components, the creation of an explanatory model of the grammatical system (that is the definition of functional and semantic specificity of grammatical units, the identification of functional and semantic principles that underpin the organization of the grammatical system). In our opinion, the linguo-didactic elaboration of a range of issues that lie in the sphere of interest in communicative grammar is still rather small. The development of the theory of communicative grammar itself in Ukrainian linguistics, and its linguistic and pedagogical elaboration, is, in large part, a matter of scientific and methodological perspectives.
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Terekhova, S. "MULTY-PARADIGMALITY AS A BASIS OF MODERN LINGUISTIC STUDIES OF COMMUNICATION COORDINATES REPRESENTATIONS." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 33 (2018): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2018.33.02.
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The article deals with the investigation of fundamentals and present state of multyparadigmal analyses of language units representing the system of coordinates of communication in the Ukrainian, Russian and English languagess. Coordinates of communication are presented in the work as a deictic start-point of communication “I – here – now”, defined by K. Buhler in his “Language Theory” as well as the related language units of the same semantics and functions in the languages. The specifics of these words and word combinations is in their possibility to express different types of reference changing them in frames of a certain context of communication act. Multy-paradigmality is described in the present article as a basis of complex methodology of modern researches on linguistics, in particular, contrastive linguistics and linguistics of translation. Many works of modern linguists have been done based on semantic or / and structural aspects of linguistic and pragmatic analyses of the system of communication coordinates at all or its particular representations (see works by Yu. Apresyan, N. Arytyunova, K. Buhler, K. Brugman, J. Lions, N. Kirvalidze, Ch. Fillmore, etc.). But there has not been done any complex multy-paradigmal researches of communication coordinate system before. Works of such a kind (see the ones by M. Avdonina, N. Zhabo, S. Terekhova, etc.) mainly characterize allomorphic and isomorphic features of the analyzed language units in Russian, English, French, and Ukrainian. This article represents roots, origin and patterns of multy-paradigmality of the characterized language units which are important for the future development of both contrastive linguistics and translation theory. It describes the procedure of multyparadigmal analyses of language units that is appropriate for the above mentioned fields of science. Lexical centric approach and textual centric one, being involved in the investigation, contain complex methodology of functional and semantic categories study that is appropriate for such language categories as deixis, reference, anaphor, etc. It contains complex, multy-paradigmal analyses of units of different language levels denoting “place or direction in space”, “time” and “person” indication. Multy-paradigmal approach provided in the research includes the following stages: 1) conceptual / logical and semantic analyses; 2) language units analyses (including structural, lexical and grammatical, functional and semantic ways of analyses); 3) psycholinguistic analyses (in particular, free associative experiment and its verifying). The results of the above mentioned procedure are supplied additionally with some extra-lingual facts complementing it. They essentially help to simplify the correct comprehension, understanding and learning of communication coordinates representations in speech for foreigners. The tendency to complex analyses of language units of different types has become regular for modern researches on contrastive linguistics as well as linguistics of translation for the last decades, although multyparadigmal investigations are yet less regular than other ones nowadays. The methodology and procedure of multy-paradigmal analyses can be varied partially in accordance with the material and purpose of the research however the principles of multy-paradigmality of both the above mentioned fields of science are out of changes, they are universal for Indo-European languages. The further investigations of multy-paradigmality in languages and translation appear in functional semantics, cognitive linguistics, language and culture studies, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, especially if they are developed based on the contrastive analyses.
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Naciscione, Anita. "THE ROLE OF COGNITIVE THEORY IN TRANSLATION OF METAPHORICAL SCIENTIFIC TERMS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (May 21, 2019): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2019vol3.4007.
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My aim is to have a closer look at the benefits of a cognitive linguistic approach to scientific discourse, its metaphorical terms and their translation. This area of research has emerged over recent decades. What role do metaphors play in science and terminology? Why do metaphors appear in scientific terms? The reasons are cognitive. My approach is based on the findings of cognitive linguistics about the significance of metaphor in thought and language, and my own translation and interpreting experience. Metaphor has been recognised as a basic technique of reasoning that is also manifest in terminology, which is an important area of meaning construction. Theoretical conclusions are drawn, applying the tenets of Cognitive Linguistics, translation theory, semantic and stylistic analyses of the empirical material, which I have chosen from my own archive of metaphorical terminology and my glossaries of simultaneous conference interpreting. Translation of metaphorical scientific terminology falls within the realm of Applied Linguistics, which is an interdisciplinary field, drawing on a number of disciplines apart from linguistics. Applied Linguistics calls for a theoretical understanding of language in use to meet user needs. It is not an end in itself as it has practical worth and application.
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Augustyn, Rafał. "Discourse-Driven Meaning Construction in Neosemantic Noun-to-Verb Conversions [Meaning Construction In Noun-To-Verb Conversions]." Research in Language 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10015-012-0026-4.
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Neosemantic noun-to-verb conversions such as beer → to beer, door → to door, pink → to pink, etc., constitute a particularly interesting field of study for Cognitive Linguistics in that they call for a discourse-guided and context-based analysis of meaning construction. The present article takes a closer look at the cognitive motivation for the conversion process involved in the noun-verb alterations with a view to explaining the semantics of some conversion formations in relation to the user-centred discourse context. The analysis developed in this article draws from the combined insights of Fauconnier and Turner’s (2002) Conceptual Integration Theory and Langacker’s (2005, 2008) Current Discourse Space.
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Purinaša, Ligija. "SEMANTICS OF PHYSICAL VIOLENCE IN NOVEL “PĪTERS VYLĀNS” BY ČENČU JEZUPS." Via Latgalica, no. 11 (February 20, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2018.11.3067.
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Physical violence is a social phenomenon, which is mostly connected with human psychology. There are two main instincts typical of human beings: instinct of life and instinct of death. Violence is one of death instincts. Čenču Jezups (real name Jezups Kindzuļs, 1888–1941?) was a Latgalian public figure, agronomist, publicist and writer. His novel “Pīters Vylāns” is written about 1905 Russian Revolution, which also occurred in the territory of Latvia and Latgale and was one of the most forcible periods in the history of Latvia during the 20th century. Bearing in mind that language is always linked with thinking and language usage reflects author’s view of the world, the aim of this research is to analyse semantics of lexis connected with physical violence. The author of this research has selected the methods of semantic field theory, linguacultural approach, and analysis of semantic components. There is much discussion about meaning in linguistics and semantics, which shows that semantic analysis is often a subjective process depending on researcher’s interpretation. To obtain reliable results, this research is based on the theory about semantic roles and how they display physical violence. Major or core semantic roles are Aggressor, Victim and Cause. The author of this research is interested in interpersonal physical violence, which appears in novel “Pīters Vylāns” as Subjects or Objects of physical violence. There are several functional levels of physical violence lexis: 1) it is actualized in context with 1905 Russian Revolution; 2) it is a way, how to give a masculine voice in novel; 3) subjects and objects of psychical violence are interacting; 4) it demonstrates some features of patriarchal thinking. A number of verbs are used to describe violence, which means that violence is very active and it includes lot of persons as aggressors or victims, or both. In some cases subjects of physical violence are anonymous. Usage of pronouns is also important, because they help to describe violence. For example, “I” as storyteller , “you” in dialogue function, “he” or “she” as the third person or somebody and “we” as group of aggressors or victims. Domestic violence is directed to husband or wife and mostly it is described as men’s power over women, but in some cases also women are aggressors.
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Odanova, Sagira, Botagoz Nurzhanova, Bayan Akkozhina, Zharkynai Kokanova, and Bakhytzhamal Sadyrbayeva. "Phraseological picture of the world in the texts of modern mass media." XLinguae 14, no. 2 (April 2021): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2021.14.02.09.
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The article deals with the definition of the phraseological picture of the world, reviews the existing approaches to its study in modern linguistics, and analyzes the objects of existing research that affect the problems of national representation of fragments of the phraseological picture of the world in the minds of native speakers. Also, the article examines the language picture of the world as a subject of study in the theories of modern communication. The article gives an up-to-date description of the content of this concept and its classification on various grounds (based on the object, subject, principles, and methods of language representation). The role of the linguistic picture of the world in the framework of the theory of intercultural and mass communication in semiotic and cognitive research is analyzed. The article further deals with the development and research of the linguistic picture of the world by both foreign and domestic scientists in this field. It describes the influence of the language of mass media on the picture of the world, namely, the work of journalists, where they use phraseology not only as it exists in the language, but also in a modified form, updating the semantics, structure and expressive and stylistic properties of phraseological turns.
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Darong, Hieronimus Canggung. "From Clause to Function: Texts Analysis Using Systemic Functional Linguistics Theory and Its Pedagogical Implication in Language Teaching." Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics 6, no. 1 (May 19, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21462/ijefl.v6i1.337.
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Using Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) theory, this study was an attempt to investigate the metafunctions of language which are realized by register category of field, tenor, and mode existing simultaneously in texts. Employing qualitative approach with the use of discourse semantics analysis, two different selected newspaper texts were purposefully chosen as the source of data. Following the orientation of SFL, the writer modified the texts into some sentences and clauses which were subsequently analysed and compared regarding the objectives in question. The result of analysis shows that the field of texts was mostly concerned with physical actions and events employing both direct and indirect speech for the sake of information. Meanwhile, in terms of mode, Text I was more rhetoric and more detail in describing the event than text II. Yet, the level of modality in both texts was low and low in which there were not many actions of getting other people to do things. Aside from those two, this analysis revealed that the mode of both texts mostly used anaphoric types of referential cohesion indicating written mode. In the meantime, Text I had more number of conjunctions implying more explanative in giving information and cause and effect relation of the information. Of greater importance of this finding was that a paradigmatic description of context implying a meaning, system, and metafunctions of language and its pedagogical implication in language teaching.
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De Medeiros, Alessandro Boechat. "Interview with Noam Chomsky." Revista Linguíʃtica 13, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31513/linguistica.2017.v13n2a14025.
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<p>Avram Noam Chomsky is a world-renowned linguist, philosopher and political activist. He is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Linguistics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and recently became a laureate Professor in the Department of Linguistics at University of Arizona. He has been the leader of the generative enterprise in linguistic theory since its beginning, in the late fifties, and is considered by many the father of modern Linguistics. In fact, his views have influenced the whole field and established points of departure for research in formal syntax, phonology and even semantics.</p><hr /><p><strong>ENTREVISTA COM NOAM CHOMSKY</strong></p><p>Avram Noam Chomsky é um renomado linguista, filósofo e ativista político. Ele é professor emérito do Departamento de Linguística do Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts e recentemente se tornou professor laureado no Departamento de Linguística da Universidade do Arizona. Ele tem sido o líder do empreendimento gerativo na teoria linguística desde o seu início, no final dos anos 50, e é considerado por muitos o pai da linguística moderna. De fato, suas visões influenciaram todo o campo e estabeleceram pontos de partida para a pesquisa em sintaxe formal, fonologia e até mesmo semântica.</p><hr />
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Besemeres, Mary, and Anna Wierzbicka. "The meaning of the particle lah in Singapore English." Pragmatics and Cognition 11, no. 1 (July 10, 2003): 3–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.11.1.03bes.
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In this paper we try to crack one of the hardest and most intriguing chestnuts in the field of cross-cultural pragmatics and to identify the meaning of the celebrated Singaporean particle lah — the hallmark of Singapore English. In pursuing this goal, we investigate the use of lah and seek to identify its meaning by trying to find a paraphrase in ordinary language which would be substitutable for lah in any context. In doing so, we try to enter the speakers’ minds, and as John Locke (1959 [1691]:99) urged in his pioneering work on particles, “observe nicely” the speakers’ “postures of the mind in discoursing”. At the same time, we offer a general model for the investigation of discourse markers and show how the methodology based on the “NSM” semantic theory allows the analyst to link pragmatics, via semantics, with the study of cognition.
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Benz, Anton, and Reinhard Blutner. "Papers on pragmasemantics." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 51 (January 1, 2009): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.51.2009.371.
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Optimality theory as used in linguistics (Prince & Smolensky, 1993/2004; Smolensky & Legendre, 2006) and cognitive psychology (Gigerenzer & Selten, 2001) is a theoretical framework that aims to integrate constraint based knowledge representation systems, generative grammar, cognitive skills, and aspects of neural network processing. In the last years considerable progress was made to overcome the artificial separation between the disciplines of linguistic on the one hand which are mainly concerned with the description of natural language competences and the psychological disciplines on the other hand which are interested in real language performance.
The semantics and pragmatics of natural language is a research topic that is asking for an integration of philosophical, linguistic, psycholinguistic aspects, including its neural underpinning. Especially recent work on experimental pragmatics (e.g. Noveck & Sperber, 2005; Garrett & Harnish, 2007) has shown that real progress in the area of pragmatics isn’t possible without using data from all available domains including data from language acquisition and actual language generation and comprehension performance. It is a conceivable research programme to use the optimality theoretic framework in order to realize the integration.
Game theoretic pragmatics is a relatively young development in pragmatics. The idea to view communication as a strategic interaction between speaker and hearer is not new. It is already present in Grice' (1975) classical paper on conversational implicatures. What game theory offers is a mathematical framework in which strategic interaction can be precisely described. It is a leading paradigm in economics as witnessed by a series of Nobel prizes in the field. It is also of growing importance to other disciplines of the social sciences. In linguistics, its main applications have been so far pragmatics and theoretical typology. For pragmatics, game theory promises a firm foundation, and a rigor which hopefully will allow studying pragmatic phenomena with the same precision as that achieved in formal semantics.
The development of game theoretic pragmatics is closely connected to the development of bidirectional optimality theory (Blutner, 2000). It can be easily seen that the game theoretic notion of a Nash equilibrium and the optimality theoretic notion of a strongly optimal form-meaning pair are closely related to each other. The main impulse that bidirectional optimality theory gave to research on game theoretic pragmatics stemmed from serious empirical problems that resulted from interpreting the principle of weak optimality as a synchronic interpretation principle.
In this volume, we have collected papers that are concerned with several aspects of game and optimality theoretic approaches to pragmatics.
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Silva, Adilson Ventura da. "A palavra poesia em Jakobson (The word poetry in Jakobson)." Estudos da Língua(gem) 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.22481/el.v13i1.1287.
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Por ser considerado um objeto de estudos principalmente da Literatura, o estudo de certos aspectos da poesia chama a atenção de poucos pesquisadores da área da Linguística, o que, de certo modo, deixa certas discussões importantes de lado e também certas questões que poderiam suscitar várias discussões nem chegam a ser elaboradas. Colocando-nos na posição de que a poesia é um lugar importante para as pesquisas linguísticas, principalmente na área da Semântica, pretendemos, neste artigo, observar os sentidos da palavra poesia na teoria de Jakobson. Para isso, vamos, em um primeiro momento, levantar uma pequena discussão a respeito de sua teoria e qual o(s) lugar(es)que a poesia ocupa. Após esta discussão, iremos nos situar na linha teórica da Semântica do Acontecimento, para estabelecer o Domínio Semântico de Determinação desta palavra no corpus estabelecido. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Poesia. Semântica. Linguagem.
ABSTRACTConsidered to be the main objects of analysis of Literature, the studies on certain features of poetry have not much interest to the linguists, which, somehow makes some important discussions aside and some issues that could raise several discussions are not even set. Considering that poetry is an important field to linguistic research, mainly in Semantics, we intend to in this article to observe senses of the word poetry in Jakobson's theory. For this, we, in a first moment, raise a small discussion as to his theory and what place (s) that poetry occupies. After this discussion, we situate ourselves in the theoretical line of Semantics of the Events, to establish the Semantic Domain Determination of this word in the corpus established.KEYWORDS: Poetry. Semantics. Language
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HULSTIJN, JAN. "Semantic-informational and formal processing principles in Processability Theory." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 1, no. 1 (April 1998): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728998000054.
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Let me begin my comments on Pienemann's keynote paper by expressing my admiration for the scholar who has developed Processability Theory (PT) over a period of some fifteen years with great determination and perseverance. What in earlier publications (e.g. Pienemann, 1985, 1987) appeared to me to be a rather disparate set of principles aiming to account for a limited set of empirical data (the well known sequence of five word orders of the ZISA study), has now evolved into a coherent theory which meets the demands of falsifiability, as PT's claims are formulated in sufficient detail to allow SLA researchers to put them to empirical test. PT comprises a number of principles of great generality, accounting, in principle, for the acquisition of any structure in any language, thereby exceeding the limits of the ZISA data of natural German L2 acquisition. As such, it is to be hoped that PT will have a healthy influence on the field of SLA research, as this field, in the last few years, has perhaps been dominated too much by the issue of whether L2 learners have access to Universal Grammar.
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Mynbayeva, А., А. Kudasbekova, and Zh Kuanbayeva. "GOALS AND CONTENT OF FORMING RESEARCH COMPETENCE BASED ON TEXT." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 74, no. 4 (December 9, 2020): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-4.1728-7804.28.
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In recent years, the level of research in the field of text theory has grown. We began the study of the linguistics of the text with I. R. Halperin. One researcher looked at the structure of the text, and another school looked at the content. Text theory is a complex theory. Textual linguistics is a complex field of linguistics. Today, scientists are increasingly studying the theory of text. The text comes from the Latin word "text", the Kazakh meaning means "to connect, unite." Therefore, the text is formed on the basis of the semantic and personal connection of language symbols. Learning text theory requires knowledge and skills. The importance of forming the research competence of philologists through the theory of this text is of particular importance. This is due to the fact that philologists pay more attention to research in the educational process in post-graduate education. The article discusses the importance of text-based research competence. But there will be a continuation of this work.
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Kuznetsov, Nikolay. "Matrix of cognitive domains for Komi local cases." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 3, no. 1 (June 18, 2012): 373–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2012.3.1.18.
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The semantics of local cases in the framework of the theory of cognitive linguistics has got an internal organization in the form of a matrix of cognitive domains, wherein each of them demonstrates the schematization of the choice of some concrete situation. The zones of its crossing indicate on the parts of the transition from one domain to another. Partial usages of cases belonging to transitional parts are peripheral in respect to prototypical ones. Space has got the central place in the matrix of cognitive domains being the basic cognitive field for all local cases. Anyway, all the other cognitive domains are somehow connected with space having got more or less similarity with it. I’m trying to perform a matrix of cognitive domains for spatial cases of the Komi language analogically with the analysis of cognitive domains of external local cases in the Estonian language (see Vainik 1995).
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Vitiello, Giuseppe. "Symmetries and Metamorphoses." Symmetry 12, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12060907.
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In quantum field theory with spontaneous breakdown of symmetry, the invariance of the dynamics under continuous symmetry transformations manifests itself in observable ordered patterns with different symmetry properties. Such a dynamical rearrangement of symmetry describes, in well definite formal terms, metamorphosis processes. The coherence of the correlations generating order and self-similar fractal patterns plays a crucial role. The metamorphosis phenomenon is generated by the loss of infrared contributions in physical states and observables due to their localized nature. The dissipative dynamics and evolution, the arising of the arrow of time and entanglement are also discussed. The conclusions may be extended to biology and neuroscience and to some aspects of linguistics in the transition from syntax to semantics (generation of meanings).
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Stepanova, L. I., and D. A. Shchukina. "Reflection of Social and Cultural Features in the Names of Stones and Minerals in Bazhov’s Tales." E3S Web of Conferences 266 (2021): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126605008.
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The aim of the articleis to study peculiarities of nominations of minerals in Russian and in its regional version, in the socio-lexicon of the Ural mining workers. For this purpose, a methodological procedure was developed based on the methods of corpus linguistics and an exemplary analysis of the semantic field mineral (minerals) in Russian was performed. The theoretical and methodological procedure is based on the semantic field theory,theory of divergence andthelexical approachproposed by Kevechs. As the material of the study were used the tales (skazy) of Pavel Bazhov .The tales (narrations) of Bazhov are a bright representation of the Ural folklore, regional perception of natural objects, their metaphorical reinterpretation , enrichment of semantic fields associated with the occupation of the inhabitants of the region, with additional semantic meanings. The results of the study reflect the presence of significant differences in the semantic structure of lexemes-nominations of minerals in the Russian language and its regional variant.
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Ávila-Muñoz, Antonio M., and José María Sánchez-Sáez. "Fuzzy sets and Prototype Theory." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 12, no. 1 (April 23, 2014): 133–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.12.1.05avi.
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Prototype Theory offers one of the most accepted models for semantic memory organization. Lexical availability trials provide investigators with a faster and easier means of observing this cognitive organization, since lists of available lexicon are generated from associations relating some lexical elements with others. The experiments with lexical availability are able to activate one of the best-known lexical production mechanisms within experimental psychology: semantic category fluency. In this work we propose the appropriate means to reconstruct the community cognitive organization. This shared metastructure constitutes the concept of shared field of experience used as the base for availability trials. The key notion is the prototypicality of common vocabulary as the base for the construction of community models. To obtain a representation of these prototypes we use the mathematical framework of fuzzy sets.
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Dobrovol’skij, Dmitrij, and Elisabeth Piirainen. "Conventional Figurative Language Theory and idiom motivation." Yearbook of Phraseology 9, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phras-2018-0003.
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AbstractThe central point of discussion is how idiom motivation is reflected in the Conventional Figurative Language Theory. Most lexical units are motivated to a certain extent, i.e. they point to their actual meaning via the meanings of their parts, either parts of their structure or of their conceptual basis. Several types of motivation can be distinguished in the field of phraseology. Apart from the quite small number of idioms where no comprehensible link can be found between the literal reading and the figurative meaning that would allow for a meaningful interpretation of a given expression, all other idioms have to be considered transparent or motivated. Idioms form a very heterogeneous domain in terms of motivation. There are levels of motivation and semantic predictability both from the perspective of a speaker and from the perspective of the semantic structure of a given unit. In this paper, we present a typology of motivation that captures all types of transparent idioms. The typology of idiom motivation connects our theory to the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor and to the Construction Grammar approaches.
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Ali, Watad. "A Linguistic Issue In By NafīS AL-Dīn Abū L-Faraj Ibn Al-Kaṯār (Thirteenth Century)." Journal of Semitic Studies 65, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 531–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgaa018.
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Abstract The treatise by Nafīs al-Dīn Abū l-Faraj Ibn al-Kaṯār, also known as Shams al-Ḥukamā, active circa the end of the thirteenth century CE, is written in Middle Arabic in the Arabic script. Verses of the Torah and quotes from Samaritan religious poems are written in Samaritan Hebrew letters. The treatise is extant in a number of Samaritan manuscripts kept in various libraries in Israel and abroad. While the title of this work is , its contents encompass numerous topics in a variety of fields: linguistics, exegesis, religious law and more. Among the linguistic issues it addresses, for example are topics in phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. The present article discusses two interrelated linguistic issues in phonology and morphology, the first dealing with the conjugation of irregular verbs: the phonological discussion focuses on the concept of ‘iwaḍ (compensation) and in morphology we discuss I/y verbs and, by the way, also I/n verbs. In addition, I examine this work's affinities with the grammatical theories expounded by the Samaritan grammarian Ibn Mārūṭ and the rabbinic grammarian Yehuda Ḥayyūj.
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Liu, Lu. "Methods and motives for nominating geographical sites in the Chinese and Russian languages." Litera, no. 5 (May 2021): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.5.35607.
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The goal of this research is to determine the characteristics of methods in nominating geographical sites in the Chinese and Russian languages. Toponyms (geographical names) are a subsystem in the national language lexicon that describes the vast territory of each country, as well as the names of various specific geographical sites recognized in the geographical environment. Toponyms, being proper names, represent not only geographical nomenclature units, but are rich in historical and cultural connotations. The development of toponymy as an independent scientific field has an extensive background. In the course of time, the toponymic research was often reinforced by scientific data in different fields, such as comparative-historical linguistics, history, geography, and other. In continuation of previous research, this article analyzes the similarities and differences between the Russian and Chinese toponyms. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the following: 1) generalization of the data on the semantics of toponyms from linguistic perspective; 2) characterization of language specifics and significance of toponyms in the Chinese and Russian languages; 3) description of toponyms in connotative and linguocultural aspects. The relevance of the selected topic is substantiated by cultural importance of the Russian and Chinese toponyms, which are analyzed in accordance with principle of nominating motives. The comparison of toponyms in the indicated aspect is of particular importance for broadening the areas of research in toponymy and the theory of cross-cultural communication. As a result, the author reveals the similar and different types of the meanings of toponyms in the Russian and Chinese languages.
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Smouchtchynska, Iryna. "L’enseignement de la lexicologie FLE: les nouvelles approches." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 11 (August 8, 2018): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2018.17249.
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Le but principal de cet article est de montrer les principaux problèmes de la lexicologie moderne aussi que d’améliorer l’enseignement de la lexicologie comme cours universitaire en tenant compte de nouvelles théories apparues à la fin du XXe siècle. L’enseignement moderne exige l’introduction de nouveaux termes comme éponymie, énantiosémie, méronymie, etc., et la révision des théories et des thèmes dits classiques comme polysémie, évolution sémantique, formation du mot, emprunt. L’auteur se propose de montrer le développement des théories et des approches lexicales au cours des XXe et XXIe siècles. On estime qu’il faut fournir aux étudiants des renseignements sur les nouvelles orientations et les différentes méthodes existant dans la linguistique contemporaine, avant tout sémiotiques, cognitives, discursives, contrastives, même si elles sont présentées sous diverses versions parfois contradictoires. En même temps, une consultation des manuels de lexicologie montre que plusieurs phénomènes connus restent en marge de leurs études, il s’agit avant tout du calque, du mot international, de l’occasionnalisme, de l’archaïsme sémantique, etc. Donc, l’emploi et la définition corrects du terme, la précision de ses particularités au sein de son paradigme sont indispensables pour l’étude lexicologique contemporaine. L’approche principale est de présenter le vocabulaire français en tant que système spécifique d’unités nominatives.
Teaching FFL lexicology: opening new approaches
The main aim of this paper is to show major problems of modern lexicology as well as to improve the teaching of lexicology at the university by taking into account new theories that appeared at the end of the 20th century. Modern education requires the introduction of new terminology such as eponymy, enantiosemy, meronymy, etc., and the revision of the so-called classical theories and themes such as polysemy, semantic evolution, word formation or borrowing. It is also essential to introduce several topics and approaches including, above all, field theory, connotation theory, the problem of the concept, cognitive semantics, prototype theory and stereotype theory, linguistic and cultural aspects, semantic universals, etc.
We seek to identify the main problems posed by the study of French vocabulary, to show the development of theories and lexical approaches during the 20th and the 21st centuries. It is thought that students should be provided with information on the new orientations and methods existing in contemporary linguistics, primarily semiotic, cognitive, discursive and contrastive, even if presented in different or even contradictory versions.
At the same time, an overview of lexicology textbooks shows that several rather well-known phenomena remain on the margins of study; these include calques, international words, occasionalisms, semantic archaisms, etc. Therefore, adequate definitions of terms and their use, precise identification of their peculiarities within relevant paradigms in contemporary studies of lexicology are indispensable.
Key words: lexicology; French; teaching; approach; theory of the word.
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Kozhinowa, Alla. "Russian and Polish Grammars of the 18th Century as Textbooks on Language Theory." Slavistica Vilnensis 65, no. 1 (September 24, 2020): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/slavviln.2020.65(1).35.
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The article presents Russian and Polish grammarians’ points of view (Vasily Adodurov, Mikhail Lomonosov, Anton Barsov, Walenty Szylarski, Onufry Kopczyński) on considering language theory issues and how they described them in their works written in the 18th and early 19th centuries.
The grammars under consideration were aimed not only at a detailed description of the Russian and Polish languages or teaching the correct language usage; in addition, they contained some theoretical information given in a manner that is comparable with modern linguistic knowledge. That information lay in the field of linguistic typology. It was also assumed that a language could acquire communicative, cognitive, nominative, and poetic functions (the appropriate terms were not used at that time). Besides, the issues concerning the forms of language existence – written and oral, as well as the dichotomy of language and speech, the nature of a language sign, including the ideas about its arbitrariness, its semantics and pragmatics were raised. Additionally, interesting discussions about sign relations at the phonetic-phonological language level, as well as some ideas of functional syntax were initiated. The results of the study lead to the conclusion that the grammars of the 18th century were a reflection of the historical situation in which this grammatical research was done.
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Smith, Viktor, Daniel Barratt, and Jordan Zlatev. "Unpacking noun-noun compounds: Interpreting novel and conventional foodnames in isolation and on food labels." Cognitive Linguistics 25, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 99–147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2013-0032.
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AbstractIn two complementary experiments we took an integrated approach to a set of tightly interwoven, yet rarely combined questions concerning the spontaneous interpretation of novel (unfamiliar) noun-noun compounds (NNCs) when encountered in isolation, and possible (re)interpretations of novel as well as conventional (familiar) NNCs when encountered in verbo-visual context. To enhance ecological validity, we mirrored our research questions in real-life concerns on the naming of commercial food products and the risk of consumers being misled by the names that producers give to them, focusing on the Danish food market and using Danish NNCs. Specifically, we addressed a highly productive type of compound food names where the modifier denotes a geographical entity and the head denotes a type of food, e.g. Hawaii pizza. Our findings contribute new evidence to central issues of (cognitive) linguistic theory concerning the relations between semantics and pragmatics, as well as system and usage, and psycholinguistic issues concerning the processing of NNCs. New insights and methodological tools are also provided for supporting future best practices in the field of food naming and labelling.
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Pons-Sanz. "Norse-Derived Terms in Orm's Lexico-Semantic Field of EMOTION." Journal of English and Germanic Philology 114, no. 4 (2015): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jenglgermphil.114.4.0552.
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Bredikhin, Sergey, Vladislav Babayants, and Iuliia Pelevina. "A comprehensive cognitive-perceptual model of analysis for contextually determined components of a conceptualized term." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 11038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127311038.
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The authors analyze major features of complex multidisciplinary analysis models of the recipient’s perceptual capacity related to desobjectifying contextually determined transdisciplinary borrowing of newly emerging components within a semantic hierarchy. Critical analysis and comparison are applied to some alternative approaches in linguistic studies of transdisciplinary terminologization. There is a role revealed, which belongs to the cognitive-perceptual aspect in the respective knowledge field. The comprehensive phenomenon of component transgression within the meaning hierarchy is viewed from different angles: metaphoric and metonymic explication, and from the stance of conceptual integration of mental spaces and grammatical constructions of implicit meaning generation. The semantic foundations of the frame & semantic model of the borrowing theory serve a prototype of a comprehensive analytical model relevant not only in Linguistics, yet in other humanities (Literature, Psychology, Sociology). The comprehensive method of bottom-up analysis in studying explication of contextually determined overtones (forced reinterpretation of terms and terminoids) implies desobjectification of the semantic hierarchy at several levels. The analysis suggests that standard linguistic mechanisms can be employed through deautomation in the said cognitive modeling function. Reactivating a prototypical mental image within a new reflexive space is viewed as the most effective way of explicating the respective components.