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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fields of Research – 270000 Biological Sciences – 270100 Biochemistry and Cell Biology'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Cooney, Terrence Patrick. "Studies on the biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid in tomato shoots." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2071.

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The relative contributions of the three main intermediates of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis from L-tryptophan (L-Trp); indole-3-pyruvate (IPyA), tryptamine (TNH2) and indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOX), were investigated in vivo in tomato shoots. Initially, L-Trp, D-Trp, IPyA, TNH2 and IAA were purified from shoots, identified by full-scan mass spectrometry and their concentrations measured using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. High specific activity [5-3H]IAOX and [5-3H]IPyA were synthesized from L-[5-3H]Trp and used as internal standards. Purification of endogenous

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2

Snowden, Kimberley Cathryn. "The molecular response of wheat roots to aluminium stress." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1967.

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Aluminium (Al) toxicity to plants is a significant problem, limiting agricultural production in up to 40% of the world's arable soils. In spite of a large amount of research, there is still no consensus on the physiological mechanisms of Al toxicity in plants. In addition, very little is known about the molecular response of plants to Al stress. This body of research was aimed at identifying the changes in gene expression that occurred in the root tips of plants that had been stressed with Al. A cDNA library made from the root tips of Al-treated wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cultivar Warigal) p

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3

Henry, Stephen Michael. "Further insight into the Lewis histo-blood-group system as revealed from study of Polynesian and Caucasian plasma and erythrocyte glycosphingolipids." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1975.

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This project involved the study of Lewis and related blood group glycosphingolipid isolated from individuals with normal and aberrant Lewis/secretor phenotypes. The objective was to find a biochemical basis for the unusual expression of Lewis and secretor phenotypes in Polynesians and to use this information to shed light on the "normal" expression of Lewis antigens. By using purified glycolipids, presenting them in the cell free environment of thin layer chromatography to Lewis antibodies and by determining structures by mass spectrometry it has been shown that: l. The Lec epitope is a termin

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4

Hieber, A. David (Andrew David) 1966. "Characterisation of glycoprotein II from bovine adrenal medulla." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1988.

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Glycoprotein II (GpII) is a glycoprotein isolated from the membranes of chromaffin granules in the adrenal medulla. The chromaffin granules of the adrenal medulla are responsible for the biosynthesis, storage and secretion of catecholamines, neuropeptides and various proteins. The abundance of chromaffin granules makes them an excellent model to further study the organelles specialized in the synthesis and secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters, from both endocrine and synaptic vesicles. When viewed by two-dimensional electrophoresis GpII is a heterogeneoug glycoprotein (80000-100000 dalt

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5

Hiyama, Jun. "Isolation and characterisation of N-glycans of ovine and human luteinizing hormones." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1989.

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Gonadotrophic hormones are heterodimeric glycoproteins and their N-glycans attached to specific amino acid residues are currently thought to play important roles in hormonal biosynthesis, secretion and function. The studies reported in this thesis aimed at isolation and characterisation of structural properties of the N-glycans on ovine and human luteinizing hormones. Initially, chromatographic methods were developed using reverse-phase HPLC for the analytical separation of the three human pituitary glycoprotein hormones and their subunits. Separation of intact oLH and its subunits was also ef

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6

Podivinsky, Ellen. "Molecular studies on actinidin, a cysteine protease from kiwifruit." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2001.

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Research in this thesis describes the characterisation of mRNA sequences coding for actinidin, a cysteine protease found in abundance in the fruit of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). The first step in the characterisation required the isolation of mRNA from ripe kiwifruit tissue. The suitability of a number of RNA extraction procedures was investigated. The method finally adopted differed from that used for unripe fruit tissue, and was chosen as a result of the nature of the polysaccharide that contaminated nucleic acids prepared from extracts of kiwifruit fruit tissue. RNA extracted from ripe

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7

Spiers, Andrew J. (Andrew Julian). "Molecular and genetic analysis of RepA from the P307 RepFIB replicon." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2044.

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The work in this Thesis concerns the replication control system of the P307 plasmid RepFIB replicon. The basic replicon occupies ≈ 1.6kb of DNA and contains a single large open reading frame (repA) flanked on either side by a series DNA repeat elements. The organisational structure of fie replicon has placed RepFIB into the Step function class of replicons. The placement of RepFIB within this group, as well as a strong homology between RepFIB and mini-P1, has resulted in a series of predictions concerning the control elements of RepFIB replication. The aim of this work was to test some of thes

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8

Daja, Mirella Maria. "Enzyme activities associated with gonadotropic hormones." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2311.

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A structural relationship between gonadotropic hormones and certain types of enzymes has been suggested in previous studies and an investigation into the possibility of enzymatic activity associated with the gonadotropic hormones has been the primary focus of the research presented in this thesis. Partial sequence homology between human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and α-chymotrypsin prompted the recent proposal of a tertiary structure of hCG using α-chymotrypsin as a folding template, which suggested the possibility of intrinsic peptidase activity associated with hCG. Highly purified hCG (CR1

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9

Janssen, Bart-Jan. "Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer into kiwifruit." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2313.

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A system has been developed to aid in the establishment of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for new plant species. A series of binary vectors have been constructed that express a chimaeric β-D-glucuronidase (GUS) gene in plants cells but not in bacterial cells. This feature allows GUS activity from transformed plant cells to be assayed in the presence of Agrobacterium. Preliminary experiments examined the expression of these chimaeric GUS genes in transformed petunia leaf discs. GUS expression was detectable 2 days after inoculation, peaked at 3 – 4 days and then declined; if selection wa

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10

Merriman-Smith, B. Rachelle. "Glucose Transporters in Diabetic Complications of the Lens." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2338.

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Lens transparency is primarily maintained by the anaerobic metabolism of glucose. Glucose is transported from the aqueous humuor to the lens epithelial cells however, it has not yet been established how glucose penetrates to the inner part of the lens. The core of the lens is acidic, approximately pH 6.5, as an effect of the accumulation of lactate, the end-product of glycolysis. This confirms that glucose is drawn deep into the core of the lens. Until recently it was assumed that glucose was transported to the core via a gap junction-mediated route by cell-cell diffusion. However, passive dif

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11

Simpson, Robert Malcolm. "The biosynthesis and control of indoleacetic acid." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2344.

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Attempts were made to form indoleacetic acid in cellfree extracts of mung bean (Vigna radiata) shoots. The extracts were incubated with radiolabelled tryptophan and other substrates and cofactors thought to be involved in indoleacetic acid biosynthesis. After incubation indolepyruvate and indoleacetic acid were separated and quantified by HPLC. There was no significant difference in the conversion of tryptophan to indolepyruvate and indoleacetic acid between the incubations and control incubations using boiled extract. The concentrations of indolepyruvate and indoleacetic acid in mung bean hyp

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12

Taylor, Jacqueline Ann, and Jackie (name change) O'Flaherty. "Factors affecting the metabolic control of cytosolic and lysosomal glycogen levels in the liver." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2380.

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Although glycogen is a chemically homogeneous material it is polydisperse, exhibiting a broad molecular weight spectrum and a metabolic lability that is molecular weight dependent. The lower molecular weight (β-particle) glycogen was found to be extremely labile, while the higher molecular weight (α-particle) exhibited a far lower metabolic activity, indicating that it may act as a glycogen store for mobilisation in stress situations. These observations, coupled to the existence of Pompe’s Disease, a glycogen storage disease involving the lysosomal system, supports the hypothesis that α - and

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13

Powell, Kevin F. H. (Kevin Frederick Herbert). "Gene sequencing and in vitro synthesis of the rotavirus non-structural glycoprotein." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2385.

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1. Recombinant DNA techniques have been applied to the dsRNA genome of the bovine rotavirus Nebraska Calf Scours Diarrhoea virus (NCDV). The sequence of a full - length cloned copy of genomic segment 10 of NCDV has been determined using the Sanger dideoxynucleoside sequencing technique by subcloning cDNA into M13 vectors. 2. Genomic segment 10 codes for the non-structural protein NCVP5, a protein which appears to be involved in virus maturation (Estes et al., 1983). Determination of the nucleic acid sequence of the gene has enabled the amino acid sequence o f the bovine NCVPS protein to be inf

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14

Beuning, Lesley L. "Cytokinins and the division or expansion of plant cells." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2406.

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The effect of cytokinins was studied in three systems: the alga Chlorella, callus cultures and etiolated cucumber cotyledons. In Chlorella cultures: 1) A range of concentrations of 6BA and IP had no effect on growth; 2) Low concentrations of an anticytokinin had no effect on growth, whereas higher concentrations appeared to be inhibitory. 3) Characterisation of the Chlorella species suggested that it was surrounded by an impermeable sporopollenin layer which hindered the uptake of cytokinin. 4) The uptake of radioactive adenine occurred readily, whereas the uptake of radioactive 6BA was very s

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15

Kennedy, Martin A. "Transcriptional promoters in a replication region of F plasmid." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2482.

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This thesis describes aspects of genetic regulation within and near a replication origin (ori-1) of the F plasmid. A number of transcriptional promoters were isolated, precisely mapped, and characterized with respect to their strengths and modes of regulation. The principal techniques employed in these investigations were: "shotgun" molecular cloning of restriction fragments into a galactokinase-based promoter selection vector, assays for galactokinase activities, DNA sequencing and S1 nuclease mapping of transcripts. Major findings from this study can be summarized as follows: 1). Promoters f

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16

Hole, Rebecca. "Mammalian ADP-dependent glucokinase : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Biochemistry at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1154.

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The mammalian ADP-dependent glucokinase is the most recent mammalian glucokinase to have been discovered, and is unique in its ability to catalyse the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate using ADP as the phosphoryl donor. Up until the discovery of this enzyme, the traditional biochemical view was that the first step of glycolysis was solely catalysed by ATP-dependent hexokinases, types I-IV. The particular role played by ADP-GK in the mammalian cell and the significance of this role has not yet been determined, although it is hypothesised that the ADP-dependent glucokinase could

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17

MacAskill, Ursula Kate. "A structural investigation of squash aspartic peptidase inhibitor (SQAPI) using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biochemistry at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/985.

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Peptidases are enzymes that hydrolyse peptide bonds. This potentially dangerous activity is regulated by post translational modification and peptidase inhibitors. The best characterized of the peptidase inhibitors are the serpins whilst the aspartic peptidase inhibitors are the least characterized. Aspartic peptidase inhibitors are rare with only nine known sources. However, they are of great interest because they play an important part in several human diseases such as metastasis of breast cancer cells, Candida albicans infections and HIV. The aims of this research project were to investigate

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18

Grievink, Hilbert. "Malignant hyperthermia: allele specific expression and mutation screening of the ryanodine receptor 1 : a dissertation presented to Massey University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1051.

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Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a dominant skeletal muscle disorder caused by mutations in the ryanodine receptor skeletal muscle calcium release channel (RyR1). Allele-specific differences in RyR1 expression levels might provide insight into the observed incomplete penetrance and variations in MH phenotypes between individuals. Firstly, an H4833Y allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) assay was designed that allowed for the relative quantification of the two RYR1 mRNA alleles in heterozygous samples. In four MHS skeletal muscle samples and two lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), the wild type allele was f

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19

Muir, Matthew Stewart. "Proteomics of the ovine cataract." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/792.

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The lens of the eye needs to be completely transparent in order to allow all light entering the eye to reach the retina. This transparency is maintained by the highly ordered structure of the lens proteins the crystallins. Any disruption to the lens proteins can cause an opacity to develop which is known as cataract. During cortical cataract formation there is increased truncation of the lens crystallins. It is believed that overactivation of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, the calpains, is responsible for the increased proteolysis of the crystallins seen during cataractogenesis. Within

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20

Clark, Alice Rosemary. "The filamin A actin binding domain structure and function: implications for a gain-of-function mechanism for the otopalatodigital syndrome: a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand [Ph. D] EMBARGOED." Massey University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1185.

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Embargoed until 1 January 2011<br>The filamin family act as scaffolding proteins associating with actin filmanents, acting through a highly conserved actin binding domain (ABD). The ABD of the filamins is homologous to that found in other F-actin binding proteins such as dystrophin. Mutations in the filamin A gene cause a wide range of disease symptoms in humans reflecting the diversity of the roles that filamin A has in cell structure and signalling pathways. The diseases fall into two separate phenotypic groups. Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) generally results from the complete

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21

Bulman, S. R. "Testing the effect of in planta RNA silencing on Plasmodiophora brassicae infection." Lincoln University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1856.

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In the late 1990s, a series of landmark publications described RNA interference (RNAi) and related RNA silencing phenomena in nematodes, plants and fungi. By manipulating RNA silencing, biologists have been able to create tools for specifically inactivating genes. In organisms from trypanosomes to insects, RNA silencing is now indispensible for studying gene function. RNA silencing has been used in a project aimed at systematically knocking out all genes in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. RNA silencing has a natural role in defending eukaryotic cells against virus replication. By assemb

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22

McDermott, Joshua D. "The ovine lens cytoskeleton." Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/700.

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The lens of the eye is a vital tissue in the visual system, responsible for the collection and focusing of light on to the retina. Comprised of epithelial cells at differing stages of differentiation, the transparency of the lens is dependent on the highly ordered crystalline structure of lens proteins. The lens consists of several proteins including crystallins (α, β, γ) that make up 90% of the soluble protein, and the lens cytoskeletal proteins. Cytoskeletal proteins contribute only a fraction of the total lens protein, but are thought to play an important role in the establishment and maint

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23

Lei, Jie. "The role of antioxidants in the hydrogen peroxide-induced opacification of sheep lens." Master's thesis, Lincoln University. Agriculture and Life Sciences Division, 2006. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20070517.162145/.

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The lens of the eye needs to be transparent with a high refractive index to focus images on the retina. In cataracts the lens becomes opaque, eventually leading to blindness. There are many possible causes of cataract but a lot of evidence implicates oxidative damage as contributing to opacification. This includes epidemiological studies showing that diets rich in antioxidants lowered the prevalence of cataract. This research tested the hypothesis that if cataracts were at least partially caused by oxidative damage then their progression would be slowed by application of antioxidants. The anti

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24

Mathews, Antony James. "Studies on chemically modified cytochromes Cl2." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1744.

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Tuna and Horse cytochromes c were purified and chemically modified with the water soluble carboxyl group modifying reagent 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), using the method of Timkovich (1980). The time-course of modification was followed by visible spectroscopy and by functional measurements. Both methods indicated that disruption of the haem crevice regions of the proteins was largely complete within 10-15 minutes exposure to EDC. The EDC modified Tuna and Horse proteins (THC* and HHc* respectively) showed essentially identical functional properties to those described by

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25

Stapleton, Patricia M. (Patricia Mary). "Molecular genetics of restriction fragment length polymorphisms linked to the Huntington disease locus." 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2601.

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New Zealand families segregating the Huntington disease (HD) phenotype were investigated for linkage of the HD locus to the anonymous DNA locus G8, from chromosome 4p16.3. Linkage of the two loci was indicated in the largest family assessed. The results from this family together with those from 10 other smaller families were consistent with the existence of a single locus (that is, genetic homogeneity for HD). One crossover between the HD locus and the G8 marker locus was detected. Overall, the results of the linkage analysis indicate a distance of 4cM separating HD from G8. The usefulness of

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26

Robertson, Andrew James. "The bovine spliceosomal U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle : a study of its autoantigenicity and biochemical properties : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1504.

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Despite individual autoimmune diseases being relatively rare, collectively these diseases afflict 8 % of the population according to the American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association. With over 75 % of those affected being women, autoimmune disease has been recognised, by the World Health Organisation and the US National Institutes of Health, as a major global women's health issue. One third of autoimmune sufferers have a rheumatological disorder, which commonly affect the joints, muscle, skin, salivary glands and kidneys. Antibodies against nuclear antigens are a serological hallmark of th

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27

Webby, Celia Jane. "Structural & functional characterization of 3-Deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase from Helicobacter pylori & Mycobacterium tuberculosis : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry at Massey University, Turitea, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1584.

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Content removed due to copyright restrictions: Webby, C.J., Patchett, M.L. & Parker, E.J. (2005) Characterization of a recombinant type II 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase from Helicobacter pylori. Biochemical Journal 390, 223-230 Webby C.J., Lott J.S., Baker H.M., Baker E.N., & Parker E.J. (2005) Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Acta Crystallographica Section F - Sturctural Biology and Crystallization Communications 61(4) 403-406. Webby C.J., Baker H.

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28

Bennett, Matthew David. "The structure and function of esterases from lactic acid bacteria : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosphy in the Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, New Zealand." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/810.

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Compounds derived from the breakdown of glyceride esters of milk fat, such as free fatty acids and short chain esters, are recognised as playing an important role in the flavour of a range of fermented foods. Esterases, capable of hydrolysing ester bonds, and in some cases, synthesising them via an acyltransferase mechanism, typically enter the fermentation from the starter and adjunct lactic acid bacteria that are used to inoculate milk to initiate the fermentation process. With such an important role in the development of both desirable and undesirable flavours, understanding how these enzym

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29

Benny, Athol Graeme. "An integrated process for the recovery of clinically significant trace proteins from human plasma." 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2157.

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Methods for the preparation of concentrates of factor VIII, factor IX, high purity factor IX, Cl esterase inhibitor, specific immunoglobulin and platelet factor XIII are described. These procedures were developed or modified with the aim of integration into an automated process that would allow sequential recovery of all the clinically significant trace proteins from a single plasma pool. Concomitant recovery of important proteins such as transferrin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and platelet-derived growth factor was considered. A high-purity factor VIII concentrate heat-treated at 80°C for 96 h was p

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Glyn-Jones, Sarah. "Investigation of diabetic cardiomyopathy and its treatment by copper chelation." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2421.

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Diabetes mellitus is estimated to affect approximately 7% of the populations living a western lifestyle. Of the multiple etiologies associated with diabetes, heart failure is the most common cause of death. A specific type of heart disease called diabetic cardiomyopathy is thought to be partially responsible. At this time, no one specific treatment is available for diabetic cardiomyopathy due to the wide variety of possible complex molecular changes, including metabolic disturbances, myocardial fibrosis, LV hypertrophy, and increased ROS production. Abnormal copper metabolism in diabetes has b

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Schwalbe, Martin. "Intrinsic disorder and coiled coil formation in prostate apoptosis response factor-4 (Par-4) : submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosphy, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1688.

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Prostate apoptosis response factor-4 (Par-4) is a ubiquitously expressed pro-apoptotic and tumour suppressive protein. Par-4 contains a highly conserved coiled coil (CC) region at the Cterminus, particularly the distal 40 residues fulfil the criteria for a leucine zipper (LZ). This Cterminal domain serves as the primary recognition domain for a large number of binding partners. Par-4 is tightly regulated by the aforementioned binding partners and also by posttranslational modifications. Biophysical data presented here describe Par-4 as primarily an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP). Bioin

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Saikia, Sanjay. "Functional analysis of Penicillium paxilli genes required for biosynthesis of paxilline : this thesis is presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Biochemistry at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1489.

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Paxilline belongs to a large, structurally and functionally diverse group of indole-diterpenes and is synthesised by the filamentous fungus Penicillium paxilli. A gene cluster for paxilline biosynthesis in P. paxilli has been identified and characterised. However, none of the steps proposed in the biosynthesis of paxilline or paxilline-like indole-diterpenes have been validated. In some diterpene-producing filamentous fungi, including P. paxilli, two distinct copies of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthase, that catalyses the committed step in diterpene biosynthesis, have been identified.

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Chen, Chunhong. "Structure function studies on lectin nucleotide phosphohydrolases (LNPs)." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/3369.

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Lectin nucleotide phosphohydrolases (LNPs) are proteins which possess both apyrase catalytic activity (E.C. 3.6.1.5) and specific carbohydrate binding properties, and these are linked. To investigate the structural and functional properties for these proteins, two putative soluble plant LNPs, 4WC and 7WC (from white clover), and a putative soluble plant apyrase 6RG (from ryegrass) were chosen. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies for each plant apyrase were generated using highly purified, overexpressed recombinant 4WC or 7WC. In the case of 6RG, the C-terminal half of the protein constituted the best

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Yeoman, Jeffrey Aaron. "Biochemical characterization of metal-dependent 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate synthases from Chlorobium tepidum & Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masterate of Science in Biochemistry at Massey University, Turitea, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/706.

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3-Deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate (KDO8P) synthase is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis of KDO. KDO is an essential component in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and plants. This compound is not present in mammals; therefore the enzymes responsible for its biosynthesis are potential targets for the development of new antibiotic agents. KDO8P synthase catalyzes the condensation reaction between phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) and D-arabinose 5-phosphate (A5P) to form KDO8P. Two types of KDO8P synthase have been identified; a metal-dependent ty

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35

Poulsen, Raewyn Carol. "Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and their possible interaction with phytoestrogens : impact on bone and bone cell function in vivo and in vitro : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1595.

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Inflammation is a major contributor to postmenopausal bone loss. Various long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), particularly those of the n-3 family, are known to have anti-inflammatory activity and may have a role in minimising postmenopausal bone loss. The objectives of this thesis were to determine whether some LCPUFAs have greater bone-protective effects than others; to identify some of the mechanisms of action of LCPUFAs in bone and to explore the possibility that combined treatment with LCPUFAs and phytoestrogens offers greater bone-protective effects than either treatment alo

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Sato, Keisaku. "A functional analysis of RYR1 mutations causing malignant hyperthermia : a thesis presented to Massey University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1228.

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Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare pharmacogenetic disorder in humans induced by volatile anaesthetics and depolarising muscle relaxants. An MH reaction shows abnormal calcium homeostasis in skeletal muscle leading to a hypermetabolic state and increased muscle contracture. A mutation within the skeletal muscle calcium release channel ryanodine receptor gene (RYR1) is associated with MH and is thought to cause functional defects in the RYR1 channel leading to abnormal calcium release to the sarcoplasm and consequent MH reactions. Mutations within RYR1 are also associated with a rare congeni

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Starck, Carlene Sheree. "The human myostatin precursor protein : structure, function and amyloid formation : implications for the muscle wastage disease sporadic inclusion body myositis : a dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1408.

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Myostatin is a major player in the regulation of mammalian muscle growth and development, maintaining the balance between proliferation and differentiation prenatally and the quiescence of satellite cells in adults. An absence or overexpression of myostatin results in double-muscling and cachexia respectively, placing myostatin as a promising target in the treatment of muscle wastage diseases. As a transforming growth factor-β superfamily member, myostatin is produced as a precursor protein, consisting of a propeptide region N-terminal to the growth factor domain. Cleavage of the precursor bet

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Koehn, Henning. "Differentially regulated proteins in breast cancer chemotherapy : a thesis presented to Massey University in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1554.

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Intrinsic or acquired drug resistance of tumours is a major problem for successful therapy of breast cancer patients. The efficacy of doxorubicin, one of the most important and commonly used drugs in chemotherapy, can be severely compromised by a variety of unspecific mechanisms rendering tumours drug resistant. Little is known however, about the specific events taking place in response to doxorubicin treatment, which may repair doxorubicin-induced damage, leading to drug resistance. Doxorubicin is a topoisomerase II poison, which interferes with topoisomerase II enzymes during DNA replication

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39

Magan, Natisha. "Protein interactions at the human topoisomerase II[alpha] promoter : a thesis presented to Massey University in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1292.

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Among women in the 45 to 64 age group, over half of the recorded deaths are from cancer, breast cancer being the most common. Just over 30% off all deaths in New Zealand women is caused by breast cancer. Treatment of cancer is difficult, not only due to the physiological and immunological similarities between a cancer cell and a normal cell, but also due to the high cardiotoxicity of many treatments, and also the problems related with the development of resistance. Approximately 40% of the cancer cells treated with the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin will become resistant to treatment. Drug effi

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40

Nikmatullah, Aluh. "Regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in vegetative tissues of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) during water deficit : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Biology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1229.

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The investigation in this thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, the expression and accumulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase (ACO), the enzyme which catalyses the final step of ethylene biosynthesis in higher plants, is examined during exposure of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) to a water deficit. The second part of this thesis is focused on the identification and characterisation of a water-deficit-associated ACC synthase (ACS), the enzyme which catalyses the production of ACC. In the first part, two white clover varieties with differing sensitivit

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41

Rutherford, William Ernest. "Epigenetic characterisation of the 06 methyl-guanine DNA-methyltransferase promoter in New Zealand melanoma cell lines : a thesis presented to Massey University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biochemistry at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1414.

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New Zealand has the second highest incidence of melanoma skin cancer in the world. Chemotherapy is the standard treatment for melanoma derived tumours which have undergone metastasis and current therapies have limited benefit. There is a great need for new therapies and to increase the efficacy of current therapies. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a chemotherapy agent effective in the treatment of both metastatic melanoma and glioblastoma (brain cancer), although TMZ resistance has been observed in many tumours. The activity of the DNA repair enzyme O6 methyl-guanine methyltransferase (MGMT) is thought

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