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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fields of Research – 270000 Biological Sciences – 270700 Ecology and Evolution'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Francis, Malcolm 1954. "Population dynamics of juvenile snapper (Pagrus auratus) in the Hauraki Gulf." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1976.

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The population dynamics of juvenile snapper, Pagrus auratus, were investigated in the Hauraki Gulf, north-eastern New Zealand, between 1982 and 1990. Attention focused on age and growth, temporal and spatial variation in abundance, and recruitment. Daily increment formation was validated in the sagittae of snapper up to about 160 days old. Increment width varied with time of year, and snapper age, and increments were not resolvable with a light microscope during winter. Increment counts inside a prominent metamorphic mark showed that larval duration was 18-32 days, and was inversely related to

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2

Page, Roderic D. M. (Roderic Dugald Morton). "Panbiogeography: a cladistic approach." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1999.

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This thesis develops a quantitative cladistic approach to panbiogeography. Algorithms for constructing and comparing area cladograms are developed and implemented in a computer program. Examples of the use of this software are described. The principle results of this thesis are: (1) The description of algorithms for implementing Nelson and Platnick's (1981) methods for constructing area cladograms. These algorithms have been incorporated into a computer program. (2) Zandee and Roos' (1987) methods based on "component-compatibility" are shown to be flawed. (3) Recent criticisms of Nelson and Pl

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3

Pankhurst, Patricia Melva. "Growth, development and visual ontogeny of two temperate reef teleosts Pagrus auratus, (Sparidae) and Forsterygion varium, (Tripterygiidae)." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2000.

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Growth, development and behaviour were examined in artificially reared larval Pagrus auratus and Forsterygion varium, from the time of hatching. Yolk-sac larval P.auratus hatched at a small size (2.00mm SL), without functional eyes, mouth or digestive tract, and for three days spent long periods at rest. Growth was initially rapid but slowed by 3 days as yolk reserves neared depletion. By days 4-5, the mouth had opened, eyes were functional, yolk was depleted, and a rudimentary gut had formed. Larvae were now able to maintain a horizontal swimming mode and were actively searching for and attac

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4

Brown, Samuel David James. "Molecular systematics and colour variation of Carpophilus species (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) of the South Pacific." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1430.

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The sap beetle genus Carpophilus Stephens (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) is a large genus consisting of over 200 species and are found worldwide. Several species are important pests of crops and stored products, and are frequently intercepted as part of biosecurity operations. The genus is poorly known taxonomically, and there are several species groups that are challenging to identify by morphological methods. In particular, two species found across the Pacific, C. maculatus Murray and C. oculatus Murray are frequently confused with each other. These two species are similar in size and colour, but

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5

Bennik, Rebecca Marie. "The effects of honeybees on the biodiversity of manuka patches : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1269.

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Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are important pollinators of many plant species and are employed globally for crop and honey production. However, little is known about the effects of this species on native pollinator and plant species in areas to which they have been introduced; and previous research has not been able to reach a general consensus as to the type of impact honeybees have on pollination systems. In addition to the effects of exotic pollinators, the loss and fragmentation of natural habitats is also of major concern to the continuing diversity of pollinators and plant populations. Here

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6

Brown, Logan Arthur. "Habitat determinants and predatory interactions of the endemic freshwater crayfish (koura, Paranephrops planifrons) in the lower North Island, New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Ecology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1168.

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A study in the Lower North Island located Parenephrops planifrons (koura) at 73 sites out of 104 sites visited (appendix 1). There was a significant difference in habitat variables between the sites which had koura present and those where they were absent. Examples of sites are shown in Appendix 3. Habitat variables important for classifying koura habitat included riparian cover, predators, winter equilibrium temperature and presence of in-stream habitat in the form of vegetation, litter cover and the stream sequence composition. Regression trees built could accurately describe the data but th

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7

Freeman, Alastair B. "An ecological study of the lizard fauna of Kaitorete Spit, Canterbury." Lincoln University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/273.

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Baited pitfall traps were used to sample the lizard fauna at Birdlings Flat on Kaitorete Spit, Canterbury. Four species had been recorded previously from this area; Leiolopisma maccanni Patterson and Daugherty, Leiolopisma nigriplantare polychroma Patterson and Daugherty, Leiolopisma lineoocellatum (Dumeril and Dumeril) and Hoplodactylus maculatus (Gray). Three of these species (L. maccanni, L. n. polychroma and H. maculatus) were captured during the course of the study. The aim of this present study was to examine the nature of the ecological relationship among these three species at Birdling

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8

Moran, Damian. "Metabolism and physiology during ontogeny of cultured yellowtail kingfish (Seriola Ialandi Carangidae)." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/443.

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Various aspects of metabolism and physiology were investigated during the ontogeny of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi), a fish of growing aquaculture importance in both New Zealand and other countries. Incubation experiments between 18-24°C showed that developing eggs and larvae were heavily influenced by temperature. It appeared that at warmer temperatures larvae hatched smaller but grew on the yolk sac, whereas at cooler temperatures larvae grew inside the chorion. Oxygen consumption data supported this, with a negative correlation found between total embryonic oxygen consumption and te

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9

Kelly, Shane. "Marine reserves and the spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/995.

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The impact of no-take marine reserves on spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii, populations and the adjacent lobster fishery was assessed in a study that determined: the response of lobster populations to protection, if lobsters within marine reserves moved out into the surrounding fishery, examined the behavioural characteristic of lobsters that contributed to their recovery and spillover, and contrasted catch characteristics around a north-east New Zealand marine reserve with 2 unprotected sites. Surveys of 4 no-take marine reserves of different ages and 4 unprotected control sites confirmed that J

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10

Morrison, Mark Andrew. "Population dynamics of the scallop Pecten novaezelandiae in the Hauraki Gulf." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1706.

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The population biology and ecology of scallops in Greater Omaha Bay (a semi-oceanic bay) and Kawau Bay (a estuarine bay) was quantified by observation and experiment. Information was collected to extend the knowledge base on northern New Zealand scallop population dynamics, and for application to potential scallop enhancement in the region. Contagious scallop population organisation was found at all spatial scales examined, ranging from bay wide through to individual bed patchiness, down to the scale of inter-animal distances. Such clumping has strong implications for a range of population pro

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11

Buchanan, Samuel J. "Spat production of the Greenshell™ mussel Perna canaliculus in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1707.

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The research presented in this thesis was undertaken in order to develop an understanding of the biology of Perna canaliculus sufficient to allow for commercial hatchery based production of Greenshell™ mussel spat. Hatchery production is an alternative to unreliable and inconsistent wild spat collection. In a Perna canaliculus population followed for one year spawning occurred in early spring and late summer. Three quantitative histological measures of gonad maturity utilising image analysis technology and a qualitative classification system were compared. Measuring the relative surface area c

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12

Roberts, Mere. "The ecological parasitology of the Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans) on Tiritiri Matangi Island." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1902.

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This thesis presents a descriptive and a functional analysis of the ecology of an island host-parasite system consisting of the Polynesian rat, Rattus exulans (Peale) and its gut helminths. The results, which include an historical perspective, are presented in the form of 7 papers or sections. Each of these examines a particular aspect of this host-parasite relationship. A review of the origin and an update of the theorised dispersal of this rat from Southeast Asia to New Zealand is given in the first section of chapter one. Previous theories have derived the New Zealand populations from a lin

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13

Cole, Russell Gavin. "Distributional relationships among subtidal algae, sea urchins and reef fish in northeastern New Zealand." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1912.

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Interactions among large brown macroalgae, sea urchins, and fishes were investigated in northeastern New Zealand during the period 1988 - 1993. The Cape Rodney to Okakari Point Marine Reserve was the site of many of these investigations. The patterns of abundance of large brown macroalgae and urchins down depth gradients over a wide geographic range were compared with those reported from earlier studies, and 3 major trends were identified. First, the fucoid alga Carpophyllum flexuosum now occurs at many sites which are exposed to wave action, in contrast to earlier studies. This alga occurred

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14

Ling, Nicholas. "The development, ultrastructure and biomechanics of the swimbladder of the New Zealand snapper, Pagrus auratus." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2012.

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The eggs and larvae of the New Zealand snapper Pagrus auratus are pelagic with early buoyancy provided by dilute body fluids. The swimbladder begins to develop on the third day after hatch from a dorsal evagination of the gut tube. Communication w1h the gut is lost on about the tenth day following pneumatic inflation at around day eight. At this age the gas gland system appears fully functional and capable of secreting gas. By the age of settlement at around 30 days the swimbladder is a fully functional replica of the adult form except for the lack of a resorbent capillary system which does no

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15

Guthrie, Ruth J. "Patterns of invertebrate distribution and abundance on Cordyline australis in human-modified landscapes." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1235.

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Fragmentation of forest habitat by urban and rural development has had profound effects on the distribution and abundance of many native species; however, little is known about the ecological processes driving patterns in community structure (species richness and composition) of host-specialised herbivores in modified habitats. I examined patterns in community structure of 9 specialist and 19 generalist invertebrate herbivores of cabbage trees (Cordyline australis Laxmanniaceae) across a highly-modified landscape. I found that, although species richness of specialists was highest in forest sit

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16

Campbell, Kirsten L. "A study of home ranges, movements, diet and habitat use of kereru (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) in the southeastern sector of Banks Peninsula, New Zealand." Master's thesis, Lincoln University. Bio-Protection and Ecology Division, 2006. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20080317.131118/.

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The present study is part of the Kaupapa Kereru Programme. The main aim of the programme is to increase the numbers and range of kereru (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) on Banks Peninsula. Home ranges, movements, diet and habitat use of 15 kereru captured in Hinewai Reserve, Banks Peninsula, were investigated from February 2005 to February 2006. Hinewai Reserve is the largest tract of regenerating native forest in a highly modified urban-rural landscape. Phenology of 11 plant species predicted to be key kereru foods, was studied to determine the pattern of food availability in Hinewai Reserve. Twel

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17

Anderson, Michael Gareth. "Evolutionary interactions of brood parasites and their hosts : recognition, communication and breeding biology : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ecology at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1167.

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Obligate brood parasites lay their eggs in nests of other species, relying on these host parents to care for their offspring. This phenomenon has been a curiosity amongst researchers since its first description and has become a model study system for testing such ideas as coevolution and species recognition. This thesis examines a few of the many questions that arise from this breeding system. The New Zealand Grey Warbler (Gerygone igata) and its brood parasite, the Shining Cuckoo (Chrysococcyx lucidus) are used as the main study species, although research on the eviction behaviour of Common C

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18

Hughey, Kenneth F. D. "Hydrological factors influencing the ecology of riverbed breeding birds on the plains' reaches of Canterbury's braided rivers." Lincoln College, University of Canterbury, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1639.

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The wide, unstable, braided riverbeds of the eastern South Island, New Zealand, have been inhabited by a diverse avifauna. Several species including the wrybill breed only on these rivers. Use is restricted mainly to the breeding season from September to December, so this was the critical study period. Previous, behaviourally oriented studies have occurred mainly in the high country catchments where habitat modification is slight. However, substantial bird numbers also occur on lowland riverbeds. These areas are subject to existing or planned water developments which may have negative impacts

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19

Dixon, Henry David John. "Effect of black swan foraging on seagrass and benthic invertebrates in western Golden Bay : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1214.

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Waterfowl are known to be capable of influencing wetland ecology in a number of ways, sometimes to the detriment of other species that also inhabit this type of environment. Western Golden Bay including Farewell Spit is one of the largest areas of intertidal sand flat habitat in New Zealand and supports a wide array of species including internationally important populations of bar-tailed godwits (Limosa lapponica) and red knot (Calidris canutus). These species, particularly red knot, have declined in number over the last the 25 years at this site. Another numerous species at this site, the bla

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20

Barron, M. C. "Population ecology of the red admiral butterfly (Bassaris gonerilla) and the effects of non-target parasitism by Pteromalus puparum." Lincoln University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1763.

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There is anecdotal evidence that populations of the New Zealand endemic red admiral butterfly Bassaris gonerilla (F.) have declined since the early 1900s. This decline has been associated with the introduction of the generalist pupal parasitoids Pteromalus puparum (L.) and Echthromorpha intricatoria (F.). The former was deliberately introduced for the biological control of the cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae (L.)); the latter is an adventitious arrival from Australia. The objective of this thesis was to quantify, using population models, the effect that P. puparum is having on B. goneril

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21

Dalebout, Merel Louise. "Species identity, genetic diversity, and molecular systematic relationships among the Ziphiidae (beaked whales)." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3083930.

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Beaked whales (family Ziphiidae) are one of the least known of all mammalian groups. The majority of species have been described from only a handful of specimens. Found in deep ocean waters, these species are widespread and often sexually dimorphic. Little is known of intra-specific variation in morphology, and many species are very similar in external appearance. A reference database of mitochondrial DNA sequences was compiled for all 20 recognised ziphiid species to aid in species identification. All reference sequences were derived from validated specimens, which were often represented only

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22

Denny, Kirsty Marie. "The diet of moreporks (Ninox novaeseelandiae) in relation to prey availability, and their roost site characteristics and breeding success on Ponui Island, Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1213.

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The ecological importance of introduced mammalian predators is well acknowledged in New Zealand, however, little research has focused on the ecology of native avian predators and their role in communities. This study investigated the ecology of moreporks (Ninox novaeseelandiae) on Ponui Island, Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand between August 2007 and April 2008. The primary aim was to investigate the functional response of moreporks to availability of their prey. The contents of regurgitated morepork pellets were compared with relative abundance of prey taxa (invertebrates, small birds and rodents) o

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23

McGaughran, Angela. "Polar eveolution: molecular genetic and physiological parameters of Antarctic arthropod populations : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Molecular Biosciences at the Allan Wilson Centre of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1163.

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This thesis is presented as a collection of research papers synthesising knowledge gained during the period of candidacy. Its underlying focus is the examination of evolution from a variety of perspectives for terrestrial arthropods (springtails) in an Antarctic setting. These perspectives include investigation of the ways in which springtail populations respond both physiologically and genetically to environmental variability over historical and contemporary time-scales. While the physiological and genetic may seem two worlds apart, this thesis recognises that, in reality the two are inextric

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24

Graf, Astrid. "Influencing habitat selection and use through conspecific attraction and supplementary feeding." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1061.

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Bellbirds (Anthornis melanura) are one of two endemic honeyeaters in New Zealand. They are still common in many parts of the country, but also rare and absent in some areas where they were abundant before. Together with tui (Prosthemadera novaeseelandia) bellbirds are responsible for avian pollination of several native plants in New Zealand. Habitat fragmentation and geographical constraints prevent bellbirds from re-occupying formerly inhabited areas. After translocations birds often disperse; some just disappear, some are thought to fly back to their source site and probably many die. Supple

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25

Troup, Christina. "Foraging strategies of Southern Royal Albatrosses, Diomedea epomophora, Campbell Island during incubation." Lincoln University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1273.

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Among the species of Diomedea albatrosses, diverse foraging strategies during breeding have been described, indicating species differences in foraging ecology and behaviour. Foraging strategies of Southern Royal Albatrosses, Diomedea epomophora (SRA) breeding on Campbell Island were studied in January – early February 1999 during the latter half of incubation. Movements and activity of ten birds were monitored using satellite transmitters and wet-dry activity recorders. Three birds from a pilot tracking study in February 1997 were also included in some analyses. Foraging strategies, zones used

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26

Meynier, Laureline. "Feeding ecology of the New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri) : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor Philosophy in Zoology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/901.

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The New Zealand (NZ) sea lion Phocarctos hookeri is the only pinniped endemic to NZ with a population of approximately 12,000 individuals. Its breeding range is currently restricted to NZ sub-Antarctic islands, and it has failed to recolonise its pristine distribution around the NZ main islands despite its protection since 1881. The current hypothesis is that the population growth of this pinniped is limited by the distribution of suitable prey on the Auckland Islands (50°30'S, 166°E) shelf, and by the direct and indirect pressure exerted by the arrow squid Nototodarus sloani fishery. However,

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27

Schmechel, Frances A. "Aspects of habitat selection, population dynamics, and breeding biology in the endangered Chatham Island oystercatcher (Haematopus chathamensis)." Lincoln University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1814.

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In the late 1980s the endangered Chatham Island oystercatcher (Haematopus chathamensis) (CIO) was estimated at less than 110 individuals. Endemic to the Chatham Islands, New Zealand, it was feared to be declining and, based on existing productivity estimates, in danger of extinction within 50-70 years. These declines were thought to be caused by numerous changes since the arrival of humans, including the introduction of several terrestrial predators, the establishment of marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) which changes dune profiles, and increased disturbance along the coastline. The New Zealan

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28

Care, Debbie Anne. "Effect of some external factors on root hair demography in Trifolium repens L. and Lolium perenne L." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9940677.

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Light microscopy, low ionic strength solution culture and image analysis methods were used to make detailed measurements on root hair populations of different genotypes of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). A model of root hair population structure was developed and validated that will facilitate research on root hairs of these species. Diagrams were drawn of the root hair length and frequency on entire root systems. The distributions of root hairs on these diagrams often differed from textbook diagrams of root hairs because root hair length and frequency v

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29

McPhee, Scott William John. "Phenotypic characterisation of the tremor mutant and AAV mediated aspartoacylase gene transfer in the rat model of Canavan disease." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3136372.

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The doctoral studies described in this thesis involve the phenotypic characterization of the tremor rat, an animal model of Canavan disease, and a proof of principle gene transfer study in this model. The phenotype of the tremor rat is examined at the genetic, molecular, cellular, neurochemical, physical and behavioural levels, and tremor mutants are described within the context of Canavan disease. Tremor mutants appear to share many phenotypes with both human patients and to the knock-out mouse model. The deletion of aspartoacylase results in a total loss of the capacity to metabolize N-acety

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30

Wragg, Graham. "The comparative biology of Fluttering shearwater and Hutton's shearwater and their relationship to other shearwater species." Lincoln College, University of Canterbury, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1635.

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The discovery and taxonomic history of fluttering shearwater (Puffinus gavia (Forster) and Hutton's shearwater (Puffinus huttoni Mathews) are reviewed. Taxonomic theory, where appropriate to this thesis, is discussed. The external morphology of P. gavia and P. huttoni is compared. No single external measurement or plumage character separates more than 60% of birds examined. The best system of identification is to compare the ratio of different body parts within an individual bird. The distribution of P. gavia and P. huttoni is compared. Hutton's shearwater feeds further out to sea and it is be

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31

Vargas, Mariana L. "Host-parasite coevolution in New Zealand: how has Odontacarus, a mite with a free-living stage in its life-cycle, coevolved with its skink host?" Lincoln University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1072.

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The effect of a free-living stage in host-parasite coevolution: a skink mite phylogenetic study in New Zealand. During the last decade, phylogenetic trees have even been used to compare ecologically related taxa such as parasites and their hosts, and are used to determine their level of coevolution or reciprocal adaptation in time. Diverse coevolutionary events have been detected for this ecological association, where generally the parasite has been regarded as one that feeds exclusively on the host and is likely to cospeciate with it. A different coevolutionary pattern might occur when the

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Laubertie, Elsa. "The role of resource subsidies in enhancing biological control of aphids by hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae)." Diss., Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/984.

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In this thesis, experiments were conducted in the laboratory and the field to determine whether the provision of floral resources to hoverflies could enhance the biological control of aphids. The overall aim was to clarify hoverfly behaviour and ecology in an agroecosystem in order to understand the potential of these insects for biocontrol under a conservation biological control (CBC) regime. A preliminary experiment in New Zealand compared the effect of different coloured water-traps on catches of the hoverflies Melanostoma fasciatum (Macquart) and Melangyna novaezelandiae (Macquart). Signif

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Robinson, K. A. "Use of floral resources by the lacewing Micromus tasmaniae and its parasitoid Anacharis zealandica, and the consequences for biological control by M. tasmaniae." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/823.

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Arthropod species that have the potential to damage crops are food resources for communities of predators and parasitoids. From an agronomic perspective these species are pests and biocontrol agents respectively, and the relationships between them can be important determinants of crop yield and quality. The impact of biocontrol agents on pest populations may depend on the availability of other food resources in the agroecosystem. A scarcity of such resources may limit biological control and altering agroecosystem management to alleviate this limitation could contribute to pest management. This

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Doody, Brendan J. "Riccarton Bush and the natural and social realities of native trees in Christchurch, New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/865.

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Urbanization has destroyed and fragmented previously large areas of natural habitat. Small remnants that still exist in numerous cities will be unable to sustain many viable wild plant populations if they do not expand into the surrounding urban matrix. Residential gardens surrounding such remnants, and which form a significant component of urban green space in many cities, could play a role in redressing this problem. Riccarton Bush, a 7.8 hectare forest remnant, and its surrounding suburban residential area, in Christchurch, New Zealand, is a good example. Over 125 years the reported number

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Berndt, Lisa A. "The effect of floral resources on the leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) parasitoid Dolichogenidea tasmanica (Cameron)(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in selected New Zealand vineyards." Lincoln University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1045.

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In this study, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and alyssum (Lobularia maritima (L.)) flowers were used to examine the effect of floral resources on the efficacy of the leafroller parasitoid Dolichogenidea tasmanica (Cameron) in vineyards. This was done by assessing the influence of these flowers on parasitoid abundance and parasitism rate, and by investigating the consequences of this for leafroller abundance. In laboratory experiments, alyssum flowers were used to investigate the effect of floral food on the longevity, fecundity and sex ratio of D. tasmanica. Dolichogenidea tasmanica

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Whitehead, Joanna K. "Breeding success of adult female kakapo (Strigops habroptilus) on Codfish Island (Whenua Hou) : correlations with foraging home ranges and habitat selection." Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/640.

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Kakapo (Strigops habroptilus) are a flightless, nocturnal parrot endemic to New Zealand. Thought to be extinct within their natural range, kakapo are currently listed as nationally critical. The current population of 86 individuals is managed by the Department of Conservation’s National Kakapo Team on two offshore islands in southern New Zealand, with all females of breeding age on Codfish Island (Whenua Hou). Kakapo only breed once every two to five years, coinciding with the mast fruiting of specific plant species. On Codfish Island, the proportion of adult female kakapo that breed in ri

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Nghidinwa, Kirsti C. "Why are some species invasive? : determining the importance of species traits across three invasion stages and enemy release of southern African native plants in New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1438.

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There are many factors that have been proposed to contribute to plant invasiveness in nonnative ecosystems. Traits of invading species are one of them. It has been proposed that successful species at a certain invasion stage share particular traits, which could be used to predict the behaviour of potentially invasive plants at the respective stage. Three main stages of invasion are distinguished: introduction, naturalization, and invasion. I conducted a stageand trait-based analysis of available data for the invasion of New Zealand by the flora of southern Africa. Using 3076 southern African n

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Dutton, Paul. "Does forage enrichment promote increased activity in captive capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)?" Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/779.

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In their native habitat of Central and South America, capuchin monkeys (Cebus) spend 45% to 55% of their day foraging and a further 20% travelling. Once these monkeys are introduced into captive environments their diets are selective, seasonal and presented to them by their keepers. The captive environment often leads to various behavioural abnormalities and compensatory behaviours or stereotypies. To address this issue, environmental enrichment can be employed to reduce, cure or prevent such an occurrence. Enrichment can reduce stress, while increasing animal well-being and health in captivit

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Kay, M. K. (Nod). "An experimental evaluation of resource allocation in island plants with respect to their invertebrate herbivores." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1442.

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New Zealand’s isolation and periods of marine transgression have limited its biota to an extent which can be considered depauperate, even by island standards. Endemic vertebrates are rare and prominent invertebrate families, such as the renowned forest defoliators of the Lymantriidae, are absent. The proven vulnerability of the flora to introduced vertebrates reaffirms a belief in the invasiveness of islands and fuels the contingency plans aimed at averting similar devastation from further alien invertebrate defoliators. Nothofagus is a dominant element of the climax forests of New Zealand and

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Leathwick, D. M. "Applied ecology of the Tasmanian lacewing Micromus tasmaniae Walker (Neuroptera : Hemerodiidae)." Lincoln College, University of Canterbury, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1044.

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The Tasmanian lacewing (Micromus tasmaniae Walker) is one of the most common aphid predators occurring in lucerne crops in New Zealand. A comparison of sampling techniques, and the output from a simulation model, suggest that the abundance of this lacewing may have been significantly underestimated in the past. Although the occurrence of aphid predators was erratic M. tasmaniae occurred more often and in far greater numbers (up to 100 m⁻²) than any other predator species. A simulation model for lacewing development in the field indicated that the large adult populations which occurred could be

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Lloyd, Davidson A. "The effect of forest to pasture conversion on soil biological diversity and function." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/711.

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Recent declines in returns from primary forest products in New Zealand and projected increases in world food prices have led to the land-use conversion from plantation forest to pastoral farming in many lowland areas. After decades of forest cover the soils are in many cases less than adequate for pastoral farming, as they are acidic, with toxic levels of exchangeable aluminum, and contain low levels of available nitrogen (N), very high carbon (C):N ratio, and are devoid of earthworms and structural integrity. Overcoming the major site limitations of low soil pH and available N was a major pri

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Bannock, C. A. "Implications of past and future vegetation change for the lizard fauna of Motunau Island." Lincoln University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/442.

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Abundance, distribution and habitat preferences of the lizard species present on Motunau Island, off the Canterbury coast of New Zealand, were investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate the extent to which recent vegetation change on Motunau Island has effected the lizard community and what implications this has for the future management of the Island. Three species of lizard occur on Motunau Island; the common gecko (Hoplodactylus maculatus), common skink (Oligosoma nigriplantare polychroma) and spotted skink (O. lineoocellatum). Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were present on the

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Kartikasari, Sri Nurani. "Your biodiversity in my backyard : key local stakeholders' perceptions of biodiversity conservation in Gorontalo, Indonesia." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1188.

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The establishment of protected areas (PAs) has been the key national strategy in biodiversity conservation, through preserving the unique wildlife and ecosystems in Indonesia. As well as their status as sites rich in biodiversity, PAs are also important for socio-economic interactions. Hence the management of PAs has been fraught with technical, social and economic problems. To ensure greater local participation and support in tropical forest conservation initiatives, it is vital to understand how local stakeholders perceive them. This research was undertaken in Gorontalo Province by examining

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Pratt, Caroline. "Factors affecting the establishment, growth and survival of native woody plant communities on the Canterbury Plain, New Zealand." Lincoln University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1113.

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The native plant communities of Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand have been severely modified and degraded and the Canterbury Plain (750,000 ha) retains few remnants of its original forest and other ecosystems. The research presented here considers the mutualistic roles of exotic and indigenous species in the process of restoring degraded landscapes. Exotic species may have an important role in the (re) establishment of desired indigenous species, and may influence succession through to a forest dominated by them. One aspect of this work describes indigenous plant community regeneration fa

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Alexander, Jane. "Ecology of long-tailed bats Chalinolobus tuberculatus (Forster, 1844) in the Waitakere Ranges: implications for monitoring." Lincoln University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1682.

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The long-tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) is a threatened species endemic to New Zealand. Historical anecdotes indicate that long-tailed bat populations have declined. However, it is unknown if all populations have declined and if declines are historical or ongoing. Thus, the development and implementation of a national network of long-tailed bat monitoring sites is a priority of the Department of Conservation's Bat Recovery Plan. Potentially, information gained from a national monitoring programme would assist conservation managers to target resources towards those areas where bat popul

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Berry, Christopher J. J. "Post-dispersal seed predation in a conifer-broadleaf forest remnant : the importance of exotic mammals." Lincoln University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/666.

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Despite extensive international acceptance of the critical role of mammalian post-dispersal seed predation in many plant communities, in New Zealand we have limited knowledge of these predators’ influence on plant recruitment in our forests. The principle objective of my thesis was to determine the importance of exotic mammals as post-dispersal seed predators in a New Zealand conifer-broadleaf forest remnant. To address this goal, I used a series of field-based experiments where the actions of different post-dispersal seed predators were separated by wire-mesh exclosures. My study was conduct

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Irvin, N. A. "Understorey management for the enhancement of populations of a leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) parasitoid (Dolichogenidea tasmanica (Cameron)) in Canterbury, New Zealand apple orchards." Lincoln University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1111.

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This study investigated understorey management in Canterbury, New Zealand, apple orchards for the enhancement of populations of Dolichogenidea tasmanica (Cameron) (Braconidae) for leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) biological control. The first objective was to determine the influence of understorey plants on the abundance of D. tasmanica and leafroller parasitism, and to investigate the mechanisms behind this influence. The second was to determine the most suitable understorey plants in terms of their ability to enhance parasitoid abundance, leafroller parasitism, parasitoid longevity, par

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Pitt, Joel Peter William. "Modelling the spread of invasive species across heterogeneous landscapes." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/912.

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Invasive species are well known to cause millions of dollars of economic as well as ecological damage around the world. New Zealand, as an island nation, is fortunate because it has the opportunity to regulate and monitor travel and trade to prevent the establishment of new species. Nevertheless foreign species continue to arrive at the borders and continue to cross them, thus requiring some form of management. The control and management of a new incursion of an invasive species would clearly benefit from predictive tools that might indicate where and how quickly the species is likely to sprea

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Evans, Alison. "The impact of selective beech (Nothofagus spp.) harvest on litter-dwelling invertebrates and the process of litter decomposition." Lincoln University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1717.

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Minimising the potential impact of forest management requires an understanding of the key elements that maintain forest diversity and its role in ecological processes. Invertebrates are the most diverse of all biota and play important roles in maintaining forest processes. However, little is known about invertebrates in New Zealand's beech forests or the degree to which selective beech harvest might impact on their diversity and ability to carry out ecosystem processes. Studying ecosystem responses to disturbance is considered vital for understanding how ecosystems are maintained. One of the m

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Braidwood, Jasmine. "Breeding biology and threats to the blue penguin (Eudyptula minor) in South Westland, New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1556.

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The Blue Penguin (Eudyptula minor) is assumed to be declining over much of its range, largely due to introduced predators. Anecdotal evidence suggests that one of the areas of declining population is the West Coast of the South Island. The purpose of this study was to determine the reasons for the assumed decline of blue penguins in South Westland. This was done by studying breeding ecology at several blue penguin colonies to assess the importance of breeding success and adult mortality on the penguin population. Three blue penguin colonies in South Westland, at Five Mile and Three Mile beache

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