Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fièvre à virus'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Fièvre à virus.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Chevalier, Véronique. "Fièvre de la vallée du Rift et fièvre West Nile : risques sanitaires liés à l'exploitation des mares temporaires du Ferlo (Sénégal)." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T003.
Full textKim, Yong Joo. "Application des expressions en phage à l'étude du virus de la fièvre aphteuse : expression et caractérisation de fragments d'anticorps bovins dirigés contre le virus de la fièvre aphteuse et expression d'un épitope immunodominant du virus de la fièvre aphteuse sur un bactériophage." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077221.
Full textHemati, Behzad. "Interactions entre le virus Bluetongue et cellules dendritiques lymphatiques du mouton." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS0051.
Full textBluetongue virus (BTV), an orbivirus of the reoviridae family comprises 24 serotypes and is responsible for an insect transmitted hemorrhagic disease in ruminants that generates important economic losses all over the world. The severity of the BTV induced syndrome as well as the duration of viraemia greatly varies between BTV serotypes and hosts. The innate response to the virus could be involved in host sensitivity and has not been studied. We investigated the first steps of BTV dissemination and type I IFN response in the afferent lymphatic in sheep, right after intra-cutaneous delivery of the virus. We showed that BTV initially migrates in the skin draining lymph mainly associated to conventional dendritic cells (cDC). Lymph cDC supported BTV RNA, protein and infectious virus production of several serotypes, independently of viral attenuation. BTV expression in cDC did not impair their survival but rather favored it. Interaction of BTV with cDC preparation resulted in an increased expression of CD80 and CD86 as well as an increase in IL12, IL1b and IL6 mRNA expression. Finally lymph cDC cultured with BTV triggered stimulation of specific CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferation as well as IFNg production. BTV thus utilizes cDC for its first lymph dissemination step in the host without altering their classical immune function of antigen presentation, reflecting an optimal adaptation of the virus to its first cell target. Besides, we found that type I IFN is detectable in 2 peaks (24 hours and day 5 - 6) in afferent lymph in parallel to the viral dissemination. Only lymph plasmacytoid (pDC) and not cDC were producing type I IFN (IFNa) to BTV, independently on viral serotype, on viral replication and on endosomal acidification. Collectively these finding suggest the hypothesis that BTV replication in cDC and/or cDC and pDC responses might be involved in inter-individual susceptibility to BTV
Gasquet, Clélia. "Une géographie de la fièvre hémorragique à virus Ebola : représentations et réalités d'une maladie émergente au Gabon et en République du Congo." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100131.
Full textThe Ebola hemorrhagic viral fever is a disease which constitutes a threat for the populations of Central Africa, in particular in rural forester areas. In the Gabon and Republic of Congo (7 epidemics between 1994 and 2005) it became a problem of public health? This zoonos appears at the man's during a direct contact with a contaminated animal, a carcass or a vector of the Ebola virus. The emergence is directly connected, in these enclosed villages, to the ancestral practices of places (hunting, picking, etc. ). The contamination takes place during a direct contact with the physical fluids of a patient. It's made first of all within the families of the victims, during the care lavished on the patients and during those given to the deaths during ceremonies funeral. Firstly, with pathocenosis' concept help, we try in this study to understand in which terms the viral emergence lights us on existing links between people and virus. The amplified rôle of hospital's care confirms the inmportance of the risk in this structure and th panic perception of the world opinion. The North carries a particular interest there. There is no epidemic of Ebola which is accompanied with the procession of international institution. This procession « joins » to the national health system of which takes it territorial is low locally. Several types of care's offers exist with the biomedical model of health represented by « house of health » and health centers. During an epidemic of Ebola, because of his high mortality rate (ut to 80%) and of its contagiousness, the logic of the patient seems more connected to a therapeutic wandering, conditioned by the search for the care and for the causality of the misfortune. In the absence of vaccine, the treatment against Eobla remains symptomatic. The multiplicity of the present actors during the crisis aggravates the anomie created by the disease and highlights a balance of powers, violence, wich is sometimes only the expression of the contesting of the most deprived
Olive, Marie-Marie. "Mécanismes de transmission du virus de la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift à Madagascar." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT098/document.
Full textRift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic vector-borne disease affecting ruminants and humans. Its complex eco-epidemiology involves several species of vectors, hosts and transmission routes. These particularities allowed the circulation of RVF virus (RVFV) in a variety of ecosystems involving different transmission and emergence mechanisms. Indeed, the RVFV has affected contrasted eco-regions in Africa, Arabian Peninsula and South-West Indian Ocean islands, including Madagascar.Madagascar is considered as a continent island due to its ecological diversity and its endemicity level of the flora and the fauna. In particular, the variation of the Malagasy ecosystems (semi-arid in the south, humid and cold in the highlands, humid and warm in the north-west and per-humid in the east) has an impact in their presence and /or the relative abundance of some mosquito species. Madagascar was heavily affected by RVF in 1990-91 and 2008-2009, with evidence of a large and heterogeneous spread of the disease.Thus considering the diversity of RVF eco-epidemiological cycles and the variety of Malagasy ecosystems, we hypothesized that, in Madagascar, the mechanisms of transmission would be different according to these ecosystems. Therefore, the first objective of this thesis was to understand the mechanisms and the dynamics of transmission of RVFV in the different ecosystems. The second objective was to determine the mechanisms of emergence of RVFV and if it would be necessary and possible to predict the emergence of RVFV outbreaks according to the ecosystems.Firstly, we analyzed both cattle and human serological data performed at the national level using generalized linear mixed models to identify the environmental and behavioral factors associated with RVF transmission in both cattle and human. Secondly, we reconstructed the dynamic of transmission of RVF in the different Malagasy ecosystems. Seroprevalence data of cattle of known age were fitted using Bayesian hierarchical models to estimate the annual force of infection from 1992 to 2014. Thirdly, to understand the biological process link to the mechanisms of transmission at the national scale, we investigated the fine scale mechanisms of transmission of RVFV in pilot area of an at-risk region. We, thus, performed both longitudinal entomological and serological surveys between 2015 and 2016, in order to describe the seasonal transmission of RVFV among ruminants and its association with the dynamics of RVFV potential vectors.Our results showed that the northwestern part of Madagascar is an at-risk region for RVFV transmission. On one hand, it is characterized by high cattle densities associated with humid, floodplain and irrigated areas suitable for RVFV potential vector like Anopheles and Culex species. On the other hand, RVFV had probably circulated intensively in the region during the 1992-2007 inter-epizootic period and its transmission increased suddenly in 2007-08, almost concomitantly with the first outbreaks recorded in 2008. Finally, RVFV was still circulated in the northwestern region at low level, 6 years after the last epidemic. This circulation is likely due to vectorial transmission favoring by the abundance of several potential vectors of RVFV in this pilot region.Finally, our better understanding of the mechanisms of transmission of RVFV throughout Madagascar allowed us to propose hypothesis of transmission in different ecosystems of Madagascar and consequently refine strategies for RVF surveillance and prevention
Sall, Amadou Alpha. "Diagnostic et epidemiologie moleculaires du virus de la fievre de la vallee du rift : application a l'elucidation du processus d'emergence du virus." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066648.
Full textMoroso, Marie. "Étude des mécanismes impliqués dans la physiopathologie induite par le virus de fièvre hémorragique de Crimée-Congo." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN032.
Full textCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) belongs to Nairovirus genus and to Bunyaviridae family. It is responsible for a severe hemorrhagic disease in humans, associated with non-specific symptoms and high lethality. Transmission is made by tick’s bite or by direct contact with contaminated body fluids. Since no vaccines or treatments are available, there is a need to accumulate knowledge on all aspects of CCHFV-host cell interaction as well as on response mechanisms that are taking place during infection.We first investigated pharmacological ways to interfere with CCHFV replication. Chloroquine and chlorpromazine (known modulators of some viral infections) were efficiently inhibiting viral replication and induce a protection in mice against CCHFV infection, particularly in the presence of ribavirin. Since several viruses are targeted by, or take advantage of, the autophagy response of infected cells, we explored whether CCHFV infection was associated with modulation of autophagy and whether virus replication was impacted by the autophagic activity of infected cells. By using hepatocytes and epithelial cells, we found that CCHFV induced a massive mobilization of the major marker of autophagic vesicles LC3. This mobilization reflected an induced autophagy flux and was of a novel type since known pathways of LC3 recruitment were not involved. The replication of CCHFV was indeed not directly modulated by this atypical form of autophagy but indirect effects remain to be studied. Most of these observations were found to be valid for the related, Dugbe virus (DUGV) with however, a distinct kinetic.Finally, we analyzed whether DUGV was sensitive to the IFITMs, restriction factors that can interfere with membrane fusion processes. Studies revealed that DUGV replication could be inhibited by some IFITMs. Additional studies on virus host-cell interactions and their associated molecular mechanisms should help to better understand the physiopathology induced by CCHFV and to devise therapeutic strategies
Lefeuvre, Anabelle. "Caractérisation des interactions entre les cellules hépatiques et les souches sauvage et vaccinale du virus de la fièvre jaune : application à l'étude de virus fièvre jaune chimériques utilisés pour le développement d'un vaccin contre la dengue." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10129.
Full textGenevois, Marion. "Comparaison de la pathogenèse hépatique des virus fièvre jaune et dengue dans un modèle d’hépatocytes humains dérivés de cellules souches." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1088/document.
Full textSevere forms of infection with yellow fever virus (YFV) and dengue virus (DENV) are characterized by liver damage, with more severe symptoms observed during YFV infection. The aim of this thesis is to compare YFV and DENV infections in a model of human hepatocytes derived from stem cells (iHeps) in order to identify factors that could explain their difference in pathogenesis.First, we compared YFV tropism to the four DENV serotypes in 2D iHeps. We observed a low spread of DENV compared to YFV in both iHeps and primary hepatocytes. By using chimeric 17D/DENV strains, we demonstrate that this low propagation is linked to a low DENV entry efficiency in hepatocytes. We also studied infection in iHeps spheroids, metabolically closer to primary cells than 2D iHeps. A productive infection was observed with YFV only. The low accessibility of cells inside the spheroids could explained this result. Second, we studied cellular responses induced following infection by different viruses in 2D iHeps using an RNAseq approach. Preliminary results suggest a link between replication rate and the number of activated genes. The interferon response is detected earlier following YFV infection, but DENV induces a greater number of genes implicated in this pathway. Moreover, DENV-1 and DENV-4 up-regulate some genes involved in antigen presentation such as HLA-E and TAP-2, while YFV down-regulates genes encoding chemokines and adhesion molecules. Preliminary analysis of hepatic metabolism pathways reveals inhibition of the coagulation pathway induced by YFV infection, which is not observed during DENV infection. Similar observations have been described in vivo, at the protein level, confirming the relevance of the iHeps model
Wittmann, Tatiana. "Analyse phylogénétique des souches du virus de la fièvre hémorragique Ebola et mise en évidence de souches atypiques." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10129/document.
Full textThe virus Ebola, a negative non segmented RNA virus, is responsible for an hemorrhagic fever disease. Together with the Marburg virus, they compose the Filoviridae family (order Mononegavirales). Ebolavirus is geographically divided into 4 species: Zaire in Central Africa, Sudan in East Africa, Ivory Coast in West Africa, and Reston in Asia. Zaire ebolavirus, first appeared in 1976 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, has the highest mortality rate in humans (up to 88%) and has caused several outbreaks since its re-emergence in 1995. Outbreaks from 2001 to 2005 are characterized by multiple independent epidemic chains and large concomitant outbreaks in chimpanzee and gorillas. The viral glycoprotein (GP) gene was amplified and sequenced from samples obtained during the two last human outbreaks in 2003 and 2005 and samples from great apes carcasses found in the forest of the Gabon-Congo area since 2001. A second viral gene coding the nucleoprotein (NP) was amplified and sequenced from animal samples and human outbreaks since 2001. Phylogenetic analysis based on the GP gene showed the separation of Zaire ebolavirus strains into two genetic lineages. This separation is supported by molecular signatures specific to sequences of each lineage, and by genetic distances between sequences. Analysis based on the NP genes give the same results. However, the topology of human strains recovered between 2001 and 2003 is different in both trees. Results show the existence of two phylogenetic lineages and suggest a recombination event between strains of these lineages.The estimation of the age of the most recent common ancestor tracks back the separation of the lineages before the first appearance of Ebolavirus, up to 1975 (1971 estimated on the NP gene). With this method, the recombination event is dated to 1998-1999
Ahossi, Eusebe, and Eusebe Ahossi. "Soins infirmiers en contexte d'épidémie à mortalité rapide : cas de la fièvre hémorragique à virus Lassa au Bénin : un défi professionnel." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38121.
Full textProblématique : Les fièvres hémorragiques virales (FHV) sont caractérisées de maladies à mortalité rapide parce que causant la mort dans 50% à 90% des cas cliniquement diagnostiqués (Hewlett et Hewlett, 2005). Le virus Ébola a sévi en 2014 en Afrique faisant plus de 28.607 cas et 11.289 décès. Le virus de Lassa infecte chaque année 100 000 à 300 000 personnes en Afrique de l’Ouest et en tue plus de 5000. La République du Bénin a connu entre 2014 et 2018 quatre épidémies confirmées de FHV Lassa et s’est inscrit sur la liste des pays endémiques à la maladie Lassa. Au total 43 décès, dont 5 agents de santé (un médecin et 4 prestataires de soins) sur 93 personnes infectées ont été enregistrés. Chaque flambée épidémique déclenche une crise de panique dans la population et au sein des agents de santé. But : Cette étude qualitative vise à explorer la pratique infirmière en contexte d’épidémie de FHV Lassa au Bénin afin de mieux comprendre les raisons qui expliquent les fortes létalités enregistrées dans la population et dans le rang des agents de santé. Cadre de référence : Le cadre de référence de l’étude intègre trois éléments : la théorie des soins centrés sur la personne de McCormack et McCance (2015), le cadre de soins fondamentaux de Kitson, Robertson‐Malt et Conroy (2013) et les guides des mesures de prévention et de contrôle des FHV de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS, 2014b) et du Centre de Prevention et de Contrôle et des infections (CDC, 2014). Méthode : Dans le cadre de cette recherche, un devis qualitatif de type d’étude de cas multiple est utilisé avec une approche exploratoire, descriptive et explicative. Trois techniques sont utilisées pour la collecte des données, il s’agit de l’entrevue (type narratif), de l’exploration documentaire et de l’observation. Au total cinq groupes de participants sont recrutés : les survivants patients (n= 4), les survivants patients soignants (n= 2), les prestataires de soins infirmiers et obstétricaux (n= 6), les témoins n’ayant pas administré de soins (n=13), les agents formés pour la prévention et la prise en charge des cas de FHV (n= 6) et les autorités et partenaires impliqués dans la gestion des épidémies (n=7). Résultats : Les cinq thèmes issus du cadre de référence ayant servi de thématiques pour la collecte des données ont servi de base pour l’analyse grâce à la méthode d’analyse de Ritchie, Lewis, Nicholls et Ormston (2013). Ces thématiques sont les suivantes : prérequis, environnement de soin, prestation de soin, la satisfaction au soin et les mesures de prévention et de contrôle des FHV. Les résultats ont mis en relief les facteurs qui expliquent les forts taux de létalité enregistrés durant les épidémies, les contraintes auxquelles les infirmières béninoises sont confrontées pendant l’offre des soins en contexte d’épidémie de FHV Lassa et le rôle autonome qu’elles jouent dans cet environnement de soin à haut risque. Discussion : Cette étude a permis d’explorer les soins infirmiers en contexte d’épidémie mortelle et les conditions d’exercice des infirmières dans les formations sanitaires étudiées. Les résultats empiriques ont fourni des informations pertinentes pouvant servir de guides pour la préparation et l’amélioration de la prise en charge infirmière des cas de FHV Lassa. À cet effet, un modèle de prise en charge centré sur le patient atteint de fièvre Lassa a été proposé pour servir d’outil de travail aux infirmières béninoises et d’Afrique.
Problematic: VHF are characterized as quick lethal fatal diseases because they cause death in 50% to 90% of clinically diagnosed cases (Hewlett & Hewlett, 2005). The Ebola virus struck Africa in 2014, causing more than 28,607 cases and 11,289 deaths. The Lassa virus infects 100,000 to 300,000 people in West Africa every year and kills more than 5,000 one. Between 2014 and 2018, the Republic of Benin experienced four confirmed outbreak cases of Lassa VHF and was recorded on the list of endemic countries to Lassa disease. A total of 43 deaths, including 5 health workers (one doctor and 4 health care providers) out of 93 infected persons were recorded. Each outbreak case triggers a panic attack in the population and among health workers. Purpose: This qualitative study aims to explore nursing practice in the context of the Lassa VHF epidemic in Benin in order to understand more the reasons explaining the high mortality rate among the population and among health workers. Framework: The study framework incorporates three elements: McCormack and McCance's theory of person-centred care (2015), Kitson, Robertson-Malt and Conroy's basic care framework (2013) and World Health Organization's (OMS, 2014b) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's guides (CDC, 2014) to VHF prevention and control measures. Method: In this research, a qualitative estimate type of multiple case study is used with an exploratory, descriptive and explanatory approach. Three techniques are used for data collection: interviewing (narrative type), document exploration and observation. A total of five groups of participants were recruited: patient survivors (n=4), caregiver survivors (n=2), nursing and obstetrical care providers (n=6), non-caregiver controls (n=13), trained agents for the prevention and management of VHF cases (n=6) and authorities and partners involved in epidemic management (n=7). Results: The five topics from the reference terms that served as themes for data collection served as the basis for the analysis using Ritchie, Lewis, Nicholls and Ormston's (2013) analysis method. These themes are: prerequisites, care environment, care provision, case satisfaction and measures to prevent and control VHF. The results highlighted the factors that explain the high case-fatality rates during epidemics, the constraints faced by Beninese nurses during the provision of care in the context of a Lassa HSF epidemic and the autonomous role they play in this high-risk care environment. Discussion: This study enabled to explore nursing care in the context of a fatal epidemic and the conditions of practice of nurses in the health facilities studied. The empirical results provided relevant informations that can be used as guideline for the preparation and improvement of nursing management of Lassa VHF cases. To this end, a model of management focused on the Lassa fever patient has been proposed as a working tool for nurses in Benin and Africa.
Problematic: VHF are characterized as quick lethal fatal diseases because they cause death in 50% to 90% of clinically diagnosed cases (Hewlett & Hewlett, 2005). The Ebola virus struck Africa in 2014, causing more than 28,607 cases and 11,289 deaths. The Lassa virus infects 100,000 to 300,000 people in West Africa every year and kills more than 5,000 one. Between 2014 and 2018, the Republic of Benin experienced four confirmed outbreak cases of Lassa VHF and was recorded on the list of endemic countries to Lassa disease. A total of 43 deaths, including 5 health workers (one doctor and 4 health care providers) out of 93 infected persons were recorded. Each outbreak case triggers a panic attack in the population and among health workers. Purpose: This qualitative study aims to explore nursing practice in the context of the Lassa VHF epidemic in Benin in order to understand more the reasons explaining the high mortality rate among the population and among health workers. Framework: The study framework incorporates three elements: McCormack and McCance's theory of person-centred care (2015), Kitson, Robertson-Malt and Conroy's basic care framework (2013) and World Health Organization's (OMS, 2014b) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's guides (CDC, 2014) to VHF prevention and control measures. Method: In this research, a qualitative estimate type of multiple case study is used with an exploratory, descriptive and explanatory approach. Three techniques are used for data collection: interviewing (narrative type), document exploration and observation. A total of five groups of participants were recruited: patient survivors (n=4), caregiver survivors (n=2), nursing and obstetrical care providers (n=6), non-caregiver controls (n=13), trained agents for the prevention and management of VHF cases (n=6) and authorities and partners involved in epidemic management (n=7). Results: The five topics from the reference terms that served as themes for data collection served as the basis for the analysis using Ritchie, Lewis, Nicholls and Ormston's (2013) analysis method. These themes are: prerequisites, care environment, care provision, case satisfaction and measures to prevent and control VHF. The results highlighted the factors that explain the high case-fatality rates during epidemics, the constraints faced by Beninese nurses during the provision of care in the context of a Lassa HSF epidemic and the autonomous role they play in this high-risk care environment. Discussion: This study enabled to explore nursing care in the context of a fatal epidemic and the conditions of practice of nurses in the health facilities studied. The empirical results provided relevant informations that can be used as guideline for the preparation and improvement of nursing management of Lassa VHF cases. To this end, a model of management focused on the Lassa fever patient has been proposed as a working tool for nurses in Benin and Africa.
Gallian, Pierre. "Virus émergents et transfusion sanguine." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX20691.pdf.
Full textCrampon, Eric. "Etudes structurales et fonctionnelles des complexes pr-E des virus de la fièvre jaune vaccinale et sauvage." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077091.
Full textEnveloped viruses enter cells by membrane fusion, a mechanism that allows the release in the cytoplasm of the infected cell of their genome. Yellow fever virus is the reference virus for Flavivirus, family of enveloped positive single strand RNA viruses. In spite of an efficient vaccine based on an attenuated strain (17D), this virus still causes 200,000 infections per year with 30,000 deaths, mainly in African and South American subtropical areas. Envelope protein E plays a role in two early phenomena of virus cycle, acting during virus entry for receptor recognition and binding, and during membrane fusion. This is the reason why this protein is the main target for the development of new antivirals. We were so interested in determining the crystal structure of this major pathogen antigen. Wild-type Asibi strain and vaccinal 17D-204 strain only differ one of the other by 32 mutations in the whole polyprotein, 12 of them within E protein. To better I understand molecular mechanisms of the vaccine attenuation, we crystallized both proteins from the wild-type and vaccinal strains. With our expression System, we were expecting to produce only the envelope E protein, as it was experienced for other Flaviviruses. But surprisingly, we co-purified and co-crystallized the immature complex of the virus, consisting in pr result of the cleavage of prM as pr + M by the furin) and E, for both Asibi and 17D-204 strains. After dissociation of the complex, we successfully determined affinity I constants, thermodynamical and functionnal characteristics of the complex. Overall, these results can lead to the development of new fusion inhibitors against Flavivirus
Danet, Lucie. "Etude des déterminants de la dissémination du virus de la fièvre jaune dans son vecteur Aedes aegytpi." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC096.
Full textRecent decades have seen emergence or re-emergence of many arboviral diseases. Increasing the knowledge underlying the mechanisms of transmission of these viruses by their vectors is necessary for the development of new tools for prevention and defense. In the first part of this work, we explored the replication and the dissemination of two strains of yellow fever virus (YFV) in Aedes aegypti. We showed that the replication of the vaccine strain YFV-17D was not efficient in Aedes aegypti midgut, as compared to the one of the clinical isolate YFV-Dakar. Viruses that managed to overcome the midgut infection barrier failed to disseminate to secondary organs. Viruses injected into the mosquitoes’s thorax succeeded in replicating into secondary organs and midgut associated tissues, suggesting that, during natural infection, the block for YFV-17D replication occursat the basal membrane of midgut epithelial cells. Next Generation Sequencing analysis revealed that YFV-Dakargenome exhibited a greater diversity than the one of the vaccine strain ; a trait that may contribute to its ability to infect and disseminate efficiently in Ae. aegypti. In the second part, we analyzed the midgut responses to YFV17D and YFV-Dakar infection using both RNA-Seq and proteomics approaches. The aim was to identify cellular components involved in the differential response to both viruses. Sixteen candidates were chosen for an in-depthanalysis in Ae. aegypti cells. Unfortunately, none of these candidates seemed to affect viral replication. We believe that the low infection rate of the midgut cells did not allow us to identify potential candidates
Dimier, Julie. "Développement d'un vecteur virus de la vaccine, réplicatif et atténué, pour la vaccination antivariolique et pour la vaccination contre la fièvre hémorragique à virus Ebola." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870840.
Full textKundlacz, Cindy. "Cartographie des interactions virus-hôtes pour le virus de la fièvre catarrhale ovine et mise en évidence d'une nouvelle fonction portée par la protéine NS3." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1097.
Full textBluetongue virus (BTV) is the etiological agent of the bluetongue (BT) disease, a non-contagious arbovirus that affects a wide range of wild and domestic ruminants. It is transmitted by blood-feeding midges of the genus Culicoides. There are currently 27 serotypes described of BTV in the world that are distinguished by their differences in term of pathology/virulence and their capacity to infect and disseminate in their mammalian host(s). The first objective of my thesis project was to identify specific cellular interactions of serotype 8 and 27 to reveal new factors of pathogenicity/virulence and/or cross species barrier. To reach this goal, all the proteins encoded by BTV were used as baits to screen, by a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) approach, two complementary DNA libraries originating from hosts naturally infected by BTV : Culicoides and cattle. Therefore, 70 screens were performed to identify a hundred of new virus-host interactions and reveal an enrichment for four cellular processes : mRNA splicing, ribosomes, SUMOylation and apoptosis. This study allowed us to build the first interactome of BTV which continues through multiple biochemical and functional validations of the identified interactions. In parallel to this proteomics work, my second objective was to determine the impact of BTV on the MAPK/ERK pathway, a cellular pathway essential for cell proliferation and differentiation usually modulated during viral infections. In addition to its antagonist role on the type I interferon pathway, we have demonstrated the ability of BTV-NS3 to activate the MAPK/ERK pathway. Indeed, we have demonstrated that NS3 has the ability to increase the level of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 protein and the eIF4E translation factor. This function, which seems to be specific to BTV compared to other orbiviruses, involves the interaction of NS3 with BRAF cellular protein, a MAP3 kinase protein that plays a major role in the regulation of the MAPK/ERK pathway. These results could provide a better understanding of the molecular basis underlying the hijacking of the translation machinery to support virus replication but also constitute a hypothesis to explain the hyperinflammation observed in the BTV infection context
Chauveau, Emilie. "Etude des mécanismes d'induction et de contrôle de la production d'interféron par le virus de la Bluetongue dans les cellules non-hématopoïétiques." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077235.
Full textBluetongue disease is a severe hemorragic disease in ruminant, transmitted by midges from the genus Culicoides. Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the etiologic agent of the disease. This double stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus is an Orbivirus, belonging to the Reoviridae family. It has been reported for a long time that BTV infection induces interferon production. However the cellular sensors and signaling pathways involved in this process remain unknown. The aim of this project is to identify them and to evaluate the capacity of BTV to modulate type I IFN (IFN-I) synthesis, as other viruses do. As expected, in response to BTV infection, human and bovine cells showed a strong production of IFN[3. This production is dependent on viral replication and mediated through the RNA helicases, RIG-I or MDA5. These RNA helicases can activate IFNO production by sensing the dsRNA of BTV in a human cellular model. This antiviral response leads to the control of BTV replication. Furthermore, we found that BTV serotype 8 (BTV-8) can dampen the IFN-I pathway and that the non structural protein 3 (NS3) is involved in this process. NS3 specifically inhibits the transcripts production activated by the IFN-I production pathway. NS3 seems to target a protein involved in the RIG¬like receptor (RLR) pathway between MAVS and TBKVIKKe complex, but its mechanism of action remains to determine
Top, Sokunthea. "Le virus myxomateux, vecteur vaccinal chez les ruminants : application à la bluetongue." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1661/.
Full textPoxviruses are deemed as vaccine vectors of choice. Among them, the myxoma virus (MYXV), the prototype of the Leporipoxvirus genus has proved its efficacy in different animal species but not in ruminants. In this work, we evaluated SG33, an attenuated strain of MYXV as a non-replicative vaccine vector in sheep. In a first study, we examined interactions between SG33 and ovine dendritic cells. We showed in vitro that SG33 infect ovine dendritic cells (DC) mainly the subpopulation of Langerhans-type. Expression of the recombinant antigen was demonstrated although the cycle of SG33 replication was abortive. After maturation, the ovine DC remained susceptible to MYXV, although apoptosis occured within eight hours after infection. Finally, analysis of the gene expression profile of infected DC highlighted that most overexpressed genes are involved in the inflammatory and immune responses, and the signaling pathways of type I interferon. Subsequently, the final demonstration of the SG33 efficacy as a vaccine vector in sheep was carried out using as challenge experiment. We used a highly virulent bluetongue virus challenge model to test protection of sheep previously immunised with SG33 expressing the major VP2 protein antigen of BTV, associated or not with the VP5 protein. We showed that only two immunisations with SG33 expressing VP2 alone elicited a significant clinical and virological protection in sheep against the homologous BTV challenge. Protection was mainly correlated with the presence of neutralising antibodies in sheep before challenge. Differences of VP2 expression between the two SG33 recombinant viruses may explain the differences of protection observed in this study. Finally, since VP7 protein of BTV was suggested to induce cross protective immunity between BTV serotypes, we showed that intradermal inoculation of sheep with SG33 expressing the VP7 protein, can generate an humoral and a CD4+ cellular immune response specific to VP7. However, this immune response did not provide protection against an heterologous BTV challenge. Taken together, these results indicate that MYXV is able to induce an effective adaptive immune response in sheep, leading to significant protection against a severe challenge, making this virus a promising vector for vaccination of ruminants
Germi, Raphaële. "Étude virologique de la fixation et de la replication du virus de l'hépatite C sur des cellules permissives : analogie avec deux autres Flaviviridae, les virus de la dengue et de la fièvre jaune." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE18008.
Full textThe study of Hepatitis C virus ( HCV) cycle and the discovery of new therapy have been hampered by the lack efficient virus culture systems. We assessed adsorption and replication of HCV on five cell lines. Monkey Vero cells and mosquito AP61 cells were selected for their ability to blind and replicate HCV and to support 4 virus passages. HCV adsorption was studies using Vero cells and quantification of virus RNA by a real time RT-PCR method. This work showed that cellular glycosaminoglycans were involved in HCV adsorption. These molecules were shown to have an important role in the binding of tow other Flaviviridea , Dengue virus and Yellow fever virus which were studies in parralel, as models, by virus titration in cell culture. The important role of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor in HCV adsporption was confirmed ( the viral binding was inhibited by LDL and anti-LDL receptor antibody). The methods descripted in this study might be screening of molecules inhibiting Flaviviridae cell-adsorption
Gommet, Céline. "Etude de l'infection expérimentale de la Souris par des virus de la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift recombinants." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066306.
Full textLe, May Nicolas. "Mécanismes de pathogenèse de la protéine non structurale NSs du virus de la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077205.
Full textThe Rift Valley fever virus is a phlebovirus of the Bunyaviridae family transmitted by mosquitoes and affecting cattle, sheep, goats and humans. It causes many dramatic epidémies and epizootics in Africa and recently it was introduced in Yemen and in Saudi Arabia with a high mortality rate. The viral genome is composed of three segments of RNA: the L and M segments are of negative polarity and encode respectively for the RNA polymerase RNA dependent and the precursor of envelope glycoproteins. The S segment utilises an ambisense strategy and codes for the nucleoprotein N and the non structural protein NSs. Although the viral cycle is cytoplasmic, the NSs protein (256 amino acids, 31 kDa) is nuclear and forms filament. Moreover, it was shown that NSs is the major pathogenicity factor, inhibiting IFN beta messenger RNA synthesis but do not disturb the formation of the enhanceosome (NF-KB, IRF3 and ATF2/cjun). We found that infection by RVFV leads to i) a rapid and drastic suppression of host cellular RNA synthesis that parallels a decrease of the TFIIH transcription factor concentration, ii) an inhibition of CBP recruitment and histones acetylation on IFNp promoter and iii) STAT1 proteolysis. Using yeast two hybrid System, immunoprecipitations, Chips and confocal microscopy, we further demonstrated that each event is linked to the association of the nonstructural viral NSs protein with respectively the TFIIH subunit p44, co-repressors subunit SAP30 and Socs 1 in the nuclear filaments. NSs prevents the assembly of newly synthesized TFIIH subunits. NSs, through the interaction between SAP30 and YY1 transcription factor, stabilizes co-repressors like N-coR or Sin3 responsible of histones deacetylation on IFNp promoter and preventing the association between CBP and YY1. Finally NSs provokes Socs 1 accumulation and, through a Socs 1 containing-E3 ligase complex, it degrades STAT1 and inhibes induction by IFNy. These observations shed light on the mechanisms utilized by RVFV to evade the host response
De, Oliveira Rodrigues Raquel. "Modulation of target cells induced by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus : the contribution in the pathogenesis of the disease." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENSL0707.
Full textCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a widely distributed tick-borne member of the Nairovirus genus (Bunyaviridae) inducing an average mortality rate of 30% in humans. CCHFV induces a severe hemorrhagic disease in infected patients that includes, among other bleeding symptoms, acute inflammation and liver lesions. The mononuclear phagocytes, the hepatocytes and the endothelial cells were described to be the main target cells in both human clinical studies and animal model in vivo studies.We analysed the in vitro cellular response of host antigen presenting cells (APC) and hepatocytes. Then, to better elucidate the pathogenesis of CCHFV, we compared the response of these cells after infection with Dugbe virus (DUGV), a mild pathogenic virus genetically close to CCHFV. In order to improve DUGV detection in vitro and in field studies, we also developed a molecular real-time quantitative tool to detect and quantify DUGV.We found that CCHFV induced an inflammatory response in both APCs tested; however DUGV induced a higher cytokine/chemokine response in these target cells than CCHFV. Our results suggest that CCHFV was able to selectively inhibit the activation of some inflammatory mediators in the in vitro infection and that CCHFV/DUGV cellular response differences could be relevant in pathogenesis. On the other hand, when we in vitro infected hepatocytes with CCHFV, we observed that it was able to induce ER-stress, activate IL-8 secretion and modulate both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways of apoptosis. When we compared this cellular response with that induced by DUGV, we found that the most striking difference was the absence of apoptosis. These differences could, in part, explain the role of the liver in the pathogenesis induced by CCHFV
Ruscanu, Suzana. "Interaction entre le virus bluetongue et les cellules dendritiques conventionnelles et plasmacytoides." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0024.
Full textDendritic cells are divided in 2 major subsets, the plasmacytoid DC (pDC) subset that produces large amount of type I IFN (IFN-α/β) in infections, and the conventional DC (cDC) subset that is the most potent antigen presenting cell type. Skin cDCs are the first targets of Bluetongue virus (BTV), a vector-borne virus that induces hemorrhagic fever in ruminants. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the mechanism of DCs activation by BTV and the role of DCs in the pathogenesis of BTV. I showed in vitro, that pDCs and cDCs can replicate BTV but that only pDCs produce IFN-α/β, partially independently of viral replication. IFN-α/β induction by BTV in pDCs depended on endosomal acidification, on MyD88 recruitment but not on TLR7/8 activation. Moreover PKR and MAPK-SPAK/JNK phosphorylations were mandatory for IFN-α/β induction by BTV in pDCs. In vivo during BTV infection, DCs accumulated in lymphoid organs. The gene expression profiles during infection depended on the DCs type and their localization. A functional gene expression analysis implicated blood pDCs but not lymph node pDCs in the inflammation and hemodynamic disorder. Lymph node and spleen cDCs presented a gene profile with activation of the maturation pathway associated to anti-inflammatory and/or regulatory functions. The implication of DCs in hemorrhagic virus infections suggests that they could be interesting targets for therapeutic interventions to combat these infections
Zakhia, Renée. "Epidemiology of West Nile Virus in Lebanon." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066466/document.
Full textWest Nile virus (WNV) and Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) are two emerging arboviruses that have never been reported in Lebanon. They can be transmitted by Culex pipiens mosquito species including two biotypes: pipiens and molestus. During this project, we assessed the circulation of WNV among mosquitoes, human, horse and chicken populations in Lebanon. Moreover, we evaluated, under experimental conditions, the capacity of local Cx. pipiens biotypes to transmit both viruses.Adult mosquitoes were collected, identified and tested to detect WNV RNA. Besides, human, horse and chicken blood samples were collected and screened for WNV antibodies using an in-house ELISA and then confirmed by neutralization assay. Moreover, local Cx. pipiens specimens were experimentally infected with WNV lineage 1 or RVFV Clone 13 strain. The viral infection, dissemination and transmission were then estimated at different days post infection.The vector competence was compared between Cx. pipiens biotypes.Entomological results revealed that 87.2% of collected adult mosquitoes were Cx. pipiens. Screened mosquitoes were negative for WNV. Seroprevalence rates were 1.01% and 1.98% among humans and horses respectively. Besides, local Cx. pipiens were highly competent for WNV transmission and to a lesser extent to RVFV. The molestus biotype was able to transmit WNV earlier than pipiens biotype.The present study provides new evidence of a low circulation of WNV among human and horses in Lebanon. Cx. pipiens is the suspected vector and is experimentally competent to ensure transmission. Therefore, there is a need to establish surveillance program to predict and prevent potential outbreaks
Baillet, Nicolas. "Pathologie comparée de la fièvre de Lassa chez le singe cynomolgus : mécanismes pathogéniques précoces, réponses immunitaires et marqueurs d’infection." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1307.
Full textLassa virus causes a hemorrhagic fever endemic in West Africa and represents a threat for civilians. The pathogenesis and the immune responses associated with the disease are poorly understood. We followed pathological, virological and immunological parameters associated with fatal and non-fatal Lassa virus infection in the cynomolgus monkey. The clinical picture was characterized by depression, anorexia, weight loss and asthenia in survivors whereas the same symptoms were supported by fever, respiratory difficulties and epistaxis in animals infected with the lethal dose. Only fatalities have shown coagulation parameters dysfunction, rhabdomyolysis and an increase of renal function markers. We observed a different viral tropism in a function of the disease severity, with viral dissemination in organs that was more important and faster in fatalities, the appearance of numerous infectious particles number and more severe pathologic changes. Early and robust innate and adaptive immune response has been associated with the control of infection and recovery whereas fatal infections were characterized by a sepsis like inflammatory response, defective immune response as well as uncontrolled viral replication. This study sheds light on the pathogenesis of Lassa fever and reveals infection markers predictive of the disease outcome
Chrun, Tiphany. "Développement d’un vaccin à ADN optimisé contre le virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift chez le mouton." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA004/document.
Full textThe Rift valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne virus that mainly affect ruminants in Africa, resulting in economic burden. There is currently no treatment and only vaccine for veterinary use against the RVFV are available. The development of new and safer vaccine is urgently needed due to the risk of introduction of this arbovirus to other continents. In the present work, we developed an optimized DNA vaccination against RVFV using a plasmid encoding the ectodomain of surface glycoprotein Gn (eGn) of RVFV into the skin with plasmid adjuvant encoding GM-CSF and electroporation in sheep. We further optimized the DNA vaccination using dendritic cell targeting strategy with a plasmid encoding a single chain fragment variable (scFv) fused with eGn directed to two DC receptors, DEC205 and CD11c. The efficacy of the vaccines were tested in the sheep, the natural host and in the mouse model to investigate the mechanism of protection. In both models non-targeted eGn vaccine confer a better clinical protection and higher non-neutralizing antibody production than DC-targeted vaccine. However, in both models eGn targeting to DEC205 differentially affected the immune response and induced a partial protection after a challenge. We further demonstrated that non-neutralizing antibodies induced by native eGn protect mice by passive transfer. The mechanism mediated by these antibodies remains to be investigated. Overall, this work indicates the proof of concept that DNA vaccine can confer protection against the RVFV in the sheep
Bertrand-Cervi, Claire. "Evaluation d'un test rapide de détection des IgM anti Puumala virus et son intérêt dans la prise en charge du patient dans un service du centre hospitalier de Charleville-Mézières." Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIMP075.
Full textMoussavou, Ghislain. "Apport de la télédétection et des systèmes d'information géographique dans l'étude des conditions environnementales liées à l'apparition des épidémies de fièvre Ebola au Gabon et au Congo." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0386.
Full textThe Ebola hemorrhagic viral fever is an emerging infectious disease that occurs in the form of rapid outbreaks. Since its first event in 1976, several studies have given rises to various speculations about the nature of its natural reservoir of the virus, which has recently been linked to three species of fruit bats: Hypsignathus monstrosus, Epomops franqueti and Myonycteris torquata. However, although the reservoir seems now to be known, the infection transmission chain and the natural conditions of the epidemics emergence remain none elucidated. In addition, until now, we do not have a vaccine against the Ebola virus although considerable progresses have been accomplished in this way by researchers. Between 1994 and 2005, eight Ebola epidemics occurred in Gabon and Congo. Three main observations permitted us to consider that the Ebola fever is a phenomenon linked to environmental conditions : the virus caused epidemics in the same region “Northeastern of Gabon - West basin of Congo”; the epidemics showed a certain seasonality pattern, since it often occurred during the dry to rainy season transition period ; human epidemics occurred simultaneously or after great mortalities affected populations of gorillas and chimpanzees. Even though an effective treatment or a vaccine would be available in a very close future, prediction, prevention and rapid control of epidemics would remain a major priority in public health. With this in mind, a study was considered about the possible interactions between “the environmental conditions” and “the epidemics emergence”, using a geographical approach with remote sensing and GIS tools. This work has consisted on studying the spatial and temporal dynamics of environmental parameters, as for example, topography, hydrology, vegetation, and so on, in the epidemics area. This study has two main objectives: to characterize the natural environment of the epidemics area and to identify environmental indicators that may be linked to the ecological processes leading to the epidemics. It was shown that the epidemics region has generally a flat topography and it is located in high and pluvial lands, presenting a dense hydrographic network. This results on a very wet environment marked by dense vegetation with specific flora. The ecosystem is therefore subservient to high humidity conditions. In this context, the "environment humidity" is then playing a central role in the ecosystem functioning. This role consists on modulating crucial interactions between humans, forest and animals, which constitute the essential basis of the exchanges involved in the natural virus life cycle. We therefore conclude that "environment humidity" is a propriety closely linked to ecological processes that are at the origin of Ebola fever outbreaks in Gabon and Congo. Finally, the results of this study offer positive perspectives on the use of satellite imagery in determining a threshold of risk of epidemics. The temporal evolution of moisture in environment can be followed, firstly, through changes in the vegetation index NDVI and, secondly, through changes in the radar backscattering. Any value exceeding the critical threshold defined would constitute a warning signal from which the health authorities of the concerned countries could implement awareness and prevention actions
Belbis, Guillaume. "Impact de l’infection par le sérotype 8 du virus de la Fièvre Catarrhale Ovine (BTV-8) chez le caprin (Capra hircus)." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA114825.
Full textBluetongue is an infectious non contagious arbovirosis caused by Bluetongue virus (BTV), belonging to the genus Orbivirus. Recently, a major epizooty, due to BTV-8, was encountered in European ruminants. This serotype presented several original features such as an original host spectrum and transplacental transmission. This work consisted in studying the impact of BTV-8 infection in goats from a clinical, virological, haematological and serological (after development of two new serological tests) point of view, because of the lack of knowledge in this specie. The impact on foetuses of infection during gestation was also studied.The different animal studies realised confirmed that the BTV-8 infection has a moderate impact in goats from a clinical and haematological point of view. These studies led to obtain new information about BTV-8 impact: moderate impact on leucocytes counts; transplacental transmission of the virus when infection occurs in mid-pregnancy; detection of BTV-8 in bucks’ semen; direct, non vectorial transmission. The last 3 results had never been described in goats with BTV-8 before but had been encountered in sheep and cattle: it proves that, even if goats are susceptible to the infection but are less affected by the virus, most of feature of BTV-8 North European strain can also be encountered in this specie. However, these features have not been described in natural conditions, making impossible to conclude on their impact in the field.In a second part of this thesis, serological tool have been developed in order to study antigenic properties of viral proteins in goats. Recombinant proteins NS1, NS3, VP7 and VP2 were produced in baculovirus system, while NS2 was produced in E. coli system. These recombinant proteins were used to develop serological test in order to study antigenic properties and the kinetic of antibodies response against this 5 proteins after vaccination against and infection by BTV-8 in goats.In a first part, indirect ELISA NS1, NS2, NS3, VP7 and VP2 were developed, and the opportunity to develop DIVA ELISA test using NS and VP ELISA was evaluated. However, detection of antibodies against NS2 and NS3 in vaccinated animals, and the difficulties to detect antibodies against NS1 in infected animals led us to conclude that a DIVA ELISA test using non-structural proteins was difficult. Finally, it was possible to detect antibodies against VP2 in infected and vaccinated animals using our VP2 ELISA, suggesting a detection of antibodies specific of serotype by this test.In a second part, a multiplex Luminex test, using VP7 and VP2, was developed. This test has, for VP7 detection, a strong correlation with cELISA VP7, with an area under the curve of 0.987. Luminex VP7 performance is moderate when sera from goats having only one vaccine administration were tested. Concerning Luminex VP2, test performance are also excellent with an area under the curve of 0.978. When a prevalence of 0.5% was applied (prevalence that should be detected by serological screening in Europe), de predictive negative value was very high (99.99% for Luminex VP7; 99.95% for Luminex VP2). The Luminex test developed, with a very high PNV, can exclude with a high level of confidence the presence of BTV-8 in a free-area
Zhou, Xiaocui. "Vaccin dérivé de l’adénovirus canin type 2 : application à la fièvre aphteuse." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST0123.
Full textFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease affecting cloven-hoofed livestock worldwide. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the causative agent of FMD and one of the most infectious known animal viruses. FMDV is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Aphthovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family. FMDV replicates and spreads in the host extremely rapidly. Slaughter and vaccination are the two major strategies used to control FMD in infected countries. In FMDV-free countries, vaccines are not used, and once the disease breaks out in these areas, strategies are required to stop or at least slow the spread of the virus. Currently, inactivated vaccines are by far the most commonly used vaccines to prevent FMD. Such vaccines, however, require large-scale production of virus, and despite the use of bio-safety facilities, vaccine production has led to inadvertent virus release and FMDV outbreak. Another limitation of inactivated vaccines is the difficulty in distinguishing between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). Therefore, improved vaccines need to be developed.During infection, the FMDV polyprotein is cleaved into structural (P1) and non-structural (P2 and P3) precursors by a viral protease. The non-structural 3C protein is the protease that is responsible for most of the maturation events. The P1 precursor is processed by 3C protease into three structural proteins, VP1, VP3 and VP0, forming the FMDV protomer. The VP1 protein plays important roles in attachment, protective immunity and serotype specificity. VP1 is considered to be the major immunogenic protein, as it contains a linear antigenic site that is able to induce neutralizing antibodies that suffice to protect animals against the disease.In this project, we developed a novel vaccine against FMD, based on canine adenovirus type 2 (Cav2). In vitro evaluation of Cav2 mediated gene transfer in pigs and cattle showed that the Cav2 vector holds promise for the development of vaccines for pigs and cattle. Study of these recombinant viruses indicated that Cav2-FMDV supported expression of FMDV capsid proteins in vitro. The immunogenicity of these recombinant viruses was evidenced in mouse and guinea pig models, and encouraging results in guinea pigs suggested that the immune response elicited against FMD by recombinant virus could afford partial protection against FMDV challenge. In the future, immunization with Cav2-derived vector should be optimized to confirm these preliminary results. This type of vaccine, when designed to express capsid but not non-structural proteins of FMDV, can serve as a marker vaccine against FMD
Ferlin, Juliette. "Etude de la voie de signalisation GBF1-ARF au cours de la réplication virale." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S047.
Full textGBF1 has recently emerged as a cellular factor essential for the replication of single-stranded positive-sense RNA ((+)RNA) viruses from different families. GBF1 is a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor of small G proteins of the Arf family, known to regulate the early secretory pathway. By studying the hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a model, we have shown that the role of GBF1 in viral replication is distinct from its regulatoryfunction of the sercretory pathway. Indeed, GBF1 function in HCV replication is mediated by Arf4 and Arf5,whereas another pair, Arf1 and Arf4, mediates the regulation of the secretion. To determine if this mechanism ofaction is conserved among (+)RNA viruses, we showed that GBF1 is involved in yellow fever virus (YFV),sindbis virus (SINV), human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) and coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) infection. Our results indicate that YFV, SINV and HCoV-229E infections are Arf4 and Arf5 dependent, as we previouslyshowed for HCV. However, YFV and SINV would also use another Arf pair, Arf1 and Arf4, during their lifecycle. In addition, CVB4 infection depends on GBF1, but doesn’t seem to depend on any Arf. Although GBF1 is required for (+)RNA viruses replication, its mechanism of action appears not to be conserved.The Arf4-Arf5 pair appears to be involved in the replication of several (+)RNA viruses. However, these twoproteins have been poorly studied so far, contrary to Arf1. Our hypothesis is that the Arf4-Arf5 pair regulatesspecific effectors involved in viral replication. Our results indicate that Arf4 and Arf5 simultaneous depletionalters the morphology of the Golgi apparatus, which becomes condense, and of lipid droplets (LD), whichaccumulate and grow bigger at the cell periphery. However, a lipidomic analysis of Arf4 and Arf5 depleted cellsdisplayed an unaltered lipid composition, which suggests a morphologic impact on LD, rather than a disruptionof the lipid metabolism. A transcriptomic analysis identified proteins up- or down-regulated after Arf4 and Arf5 depletion. We assessed the function of some of these proteins in HCV replication, but none of them proved implicated.In conclusion, our results hightlighed new GBF1 functions, mediated by the pair Arf4-Arf5. Arf4 and Arf5 are involved in regulating the morphology of Golgi complex and of LDs, as well as the replication of (+) RNA viruses. It remains to assess if these functions are independent or related to each other, and which specific effectors they use
Garcia, Stephan. "Etude de deux nairovirus de la famille des Bunyaviridae, virus Hazara et virus de la fièvre hémorragique de Crimée-Congo : induction et analyse de la résistance antivirale liée à un phénomène de résistance dérivée du pathogène dans les cellules de tiques et développement d'outils moléculaires pour le diagnostic." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX20656.
Full textThis manuscript presents the different studies that we have conducted on two nairoviruses, Hazara virus and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). We have used recombinant Semliki forest virus replicon to induce and study a pathogen-derived resistance against Hazara virus in tick cells. We showed that the resistance is directly linked to a phenomenon associated with RNA interference induced in the tick cells and we have detected two markers of this interference: a specific ribonucleasic activity and specific siRNAs. We have then set up an original system using a reporter gene to induce RNA inference in tick cells and to study of viral suppressors of RNA interference. In the last part of our work, we have developed tools to diagnose the CCHFV infection. We have set up two methods to diagnostic an infection, based on the use of a recombinant antigen or on the real-time quantification of viral nucleic acids. We have validated the recombinant antigen to detect specific antibodies against CCHFV in human and animal sera from Iran and we showed that this recombinant antigen is as sensitive and specific as a native antigen produced in infected cell cultures
Lefèvre, Pierre-Charles. "Recherches sur la répartition biogéographique de deux virus des petits ruminants sur le continent africain : influence des facteurs écologiques." Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120042.
Full textNoël, Pierre-André. "Dynamique de modèles épidémiologiques : applications au cas du virus du Nil occidental." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24606/24606.pdf.
Full textKlitting, Bottero Raphaëlle. "Attenuation of viscerotropic flaviviruses." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0657/document.
Full textDespite recent considerable improvements, infectious diseases remain a major issue for public health, with an estimated 20% of annual deaths caused by infections. Among them, viral diseases (re)emerge following environmental, climatic and societal changes: Ebola, Dengue and Zika viruses have recently been the object of special attention. The development of safe and efficient vaccines against emerging viruses is a major challenge for global public health. This thesis work is in line with this issue. Using the yellow fever virus (YFV, genus Flavivirus) as a model, we tried to define new strategies for the design of live-attenuated vaccines for viral infections prevention. After a genomic analysis that allowed to go further into a procedure for virus modification named “re-encoding”, we generated and characterised both in vitro and in vivo mutant strains of YFV. In parallel, a rodent model was set up to test in vivo both the safety and the protective efficiency of the re-encoded viruses
Deubel, Vincent. "Caractérisation du virus de la fièvre jaune (Flavivirus) : aspect morphogénétique, analyse biochimique des constituants viraux, hétérogénéité moléculaire parmi les souches d'origine géographique différente." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077029.
Full textRussier, Marion. "Cellules NK et fièvres hémorragiques virales : étude de leur rôle dans la mise en place des réponses immunes et dans la pathogenèse lors de l'infection par les virus Lassa et Ebola." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00835079.
Full textBurette, Mélanie. "Etude de la réplication intracellulaire et de la persistance de Coxiella burnetii, agent pathogène de la Fièvre Q." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT053.
Full textIntracellular replication and persistence strategies of the Q fever pathogenCoxiella burnetiiCoxiella burnetii is the causative agent of human Q Fever, considered as one of the most relevant re- emerging zoonosis in Europe. C. burnetii infects humans through the inhalation of contaminated aerosols, causing epidemics with serious economic and health consequences. Following internalisation, C. burnetii subverts host cell functions to inhibit the innate immune response and generate a replicative niche called CCV (Coxiella-containing vacuole) characterised by a unique protein and lipid composition. My thesis project focuses on the study of the host/pathogen interactions underlying the persistence and intracellular replication of C. burnetii.First, the function of the effector protein NopA was discovered showing how this protein inhibits the innate immune response in infected cells. The results obtained during my PhD have shown that NopA interacts with Ran and triggers an imbalance in its nucleocytoplasmic gradient, thereby perturbing the nuclear import of eukaryotic proteins and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In parallel, the role of lipid metabolism in the establishment of the CCV was investigated. By using a wide array of lipid probes and confocal microscopy, the lipid signature of CCVs was determined and revealed that PI(4)P and LBPA are actively subverted by C. burnetii during infection. Lipid pulldown assays then led to the identification of C. burnetii candidate effector proteins interacting with host cell lipids. One of them, CBU0635, is a putative phosphoinositide phosphatase that diverts the secretory pathway to the forming Coxiella- containing vacuole while CBU2007 manipulates lysobisphosphatidic acid metabolism to recruit the ESCRT machinery and block the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies. These results help to better understand intracellular replication and persistence strategies of C. burnetii and could allow the development of new antimicrobials and the therapeutic repurposing of C. burnetii proteins
Ninio, Camille. "Fièvre catarrhale ovine dans les Ardennes : étude de la biologie des Culicoïdes et de leur rôle épidémiologique." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMP203/document.
Full textSince the late 90’s, Bluetongue disease (BT) can be considered as an emerging arbovirose inEurope. This disease is mainly transmitted to ruminants by the bites of minute size midges,the Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), also known as biting midges. An outbreak of BTserotype 8 occurred during summer 2006, in the region of Maastricht (Netherlands) andspread quickly to the Ardennes region. The epizooty lead to severe losses in cattle and sheepholdings. These events highlighted the lack of knowledge on the vectorial capacity ofpaleartic Culicoides species, and more generally on their biology.Three approaches are successively treated in this document. They are all based on field workconducted mainly in two holdings located in the Ardennes region.First, an experiment to assess oral susceptibility of Culicoides to Bluetongue virus (BTV) 8was undertaken. Field collected and emerging Culicoides coming from the Ardennes wereengorged on viremic small ruminants. At the end of the experiments, one Culicoides obsoletusfemale was found bloodfed and laid eggs. She was tested for BTV and was found weaklypositive for BTV genome. This result and the difficulties met during the experiment havebeen discussed.The second study focused on the bloodmeal origin of engorged females of Culicoides. Thesewere collected by light traps set in different kinds of environment. Molecular markers wereused in order to amplify the DNA of vertebrates present in the stomach of bloodfed females.Some of the species processed belonging to the Obsoletus or the Pulicaris complex, andCulicoides dewulfi fed on a wide variety of hosts, including domestic ruminants and wildanimals. Moreover, this kind of study brings information on the ecology of different speciesof Culicoides.Finally, a faunistic survey is presented. It was achieved through light trap collections ofmidges and also thanks to the sampling of potential breeding sites. Biodiversity in thecollection of midges captured by light traps between the two holdings were compared.Differences observed are discussed taking into account the differences in breeding practicesbetween the two holdings and the breeding sites investigations. Numerous species ofCulicoides emerged in the laboratory from soil samples which were macroscopicallydescribed. Breeding sites of C. obsoletus, which were not well documentated in the literature,were found in both farms. These were monitored over some months.This work contributes to a better knowledge of the Culicoides present in the Ardennes andtheir biology. It highlights the species which are closely related to the cattle holdingenvironment, and those which are ubiquist. Some of these studies could be continued in orderto highlight the species more related to the forested areas, and to set new experiments onvectorial competence and capacity
Massé-Deragon, Nicolas. "Dynamique des réponses immunitaires humaines dans un modèle 3D de foie : un autre regard sur la pathogénèse hépatique du virus de la fièvre jaune." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1270/document.
Full textYellow fever is a human disease caused by a flavivirus, the yellow fever virus, transmitted by arthropod vectors. Severe forms, sometimes fatal, are characterized by acute systemic disease that affects the liver. Despite an effective vaccine being available for nearly 80 years, epizootic circulation occurs and results in periodic outbreaks in endemic regions and among travelers. Vaccines based on a live attenuated strain YF 17D exhibit excellent seroconversion rate and are characterized by a strong decrease in hepatotropism. However the mechanisms involved in liver pathogenesis are poorly understood and could be helpful for future vaccine development against other flaviviruses or hepatitis viruses.There is a need to develop liver cellular model better reflecting the in vivo liver microenvironment. In this work, we used new 3D models combining several liver cell populations to evaluate immune and metabolic responses induced by yellow fever viruses. Modulations induced by both vaccine and wild-type strains were evaluated by a global transcriptomic approach using RNA-Seq technology and well-defined analysis methods. Our results show a greater permissivity of cellular models to YF 17D strain compared to the wild type YF Asibi. In addition, YF 17D infection leads to an early establishment of a complete antiviral response involving rapid detection of replicating forms of the virus, development of a strong type I and type III IFN responses, initiation of viral clearance and modulation of cellular and liver metabolism. Wild-type strain presents a significant delay in the establishment of these responses leading to potential alternative mechanisms for viral clearance and metabolic dysregulation. These data highlight the close interactions between the immune and metabolic systems in the liver.We suggest that the strong antiviral response induced by attenuated strain could contribute to the breakdown of liver tolerance and in vivo efficacy of the vaccine strain. In addition, the kinetics of immune responses, in combination with viral load, can determine the balance between the recovery and immunopathology after infection with wild type virus
Lara, Estelle. "Etude de la terminaison de la transcription des ARNm issus de segment S ambisens du virus de la fièvre de la Vallée du Rift." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077017.
Full textThe Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) belongs to the Bunyaviridae family and is the prototype of the genus Phlebovirus. RVFV is an arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes to humans and livestock that causes dramatic epidemies and epizootics. The RVFV genome comprises two segments of negative-sens RNA, designated Large (L), Medium (M) and, as a special feature for Phlebovirus es, the S segment has an ambisense polarity. The genome S serves as a template for N gene transcription. The antigenome S serves as a template for NSs gene transcription. A C-rich intergenic région (IGR) separates the two ORFs. The polymérase initiates transcription by the cap snatching mechanism. All of the viral mRNAs are subgenomic molecules and do not possess 3' poly(A) tails. This means that the transcriptase recognises termination signals and stops the transcription before the 5' end of each viral template. The present study determined the 3 ' termini of the N and NSs mRNAs in the IGR of the S segment. It also suggested the importance of the pentanucleotide séquence 5'-GCUGC-3' which must be associated to a rich C or G sequence for the N and NSs transcription terminations. The number and the positions of the nucleotides C (or G) are essential in this sequence for the pentanucleotide recognition like a transcription termination signal
Pannetier, Delphine. "Étude in vitro des réponses lymphocytaires T humaines induites par les virus Lassa et Mopeia." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10353.
Full textLéger, Psylvia. "Etude comparée de l'infection de cellules de l'hôte mammifère et de cellules du vecteur moustique par le virus de la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077073.
Full textThe Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes to humans and livestock that causes dramatic epidemies and epizootics. As a member of the Phlebovirus genus of the Bunyaviridae family, the short segment (S) of its genome has an ambisens coding strategy for the nucleoprotein N and the non structural protein NSs. The later present an unusual localization to the nucleus, where it forms filamentous structures in mammalian cells. Through the interaction with several cellular factors, the NSs protein can be considered as a virulent factor. Interaction of NSs with p44, a subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH, induces a progressive inhibition of the cellular RNA synthesis. NSs is also responsible of a specific inhibition of the interferon (3 (IFN(3) pathway when interacting with SAP30 and the transcription factor YY1, both required for the cell antiviral response. Contrary to mammals, the infection of mosquito cells by the RVFV remains asymptomatic. As the filamentous structure in the nucleus vanishes early after infection of mosquito cells, we analyzed the interaction of the NSs protein with the mosquito orthologs of the p44 and SAP30. A transient shutoff of the transcription is associated when NSs is present in the nucleus of mosquito cells, whereas the cleafance of NSs correlates with RNA synthesis restoration. These findings highlight the role of the NSs protein for differential pathogenesis observed between arthropod and mammal
Marcato, Vasco. "La β-caténine : un activateur de l’expression du gène codant pour l’interféron-béta et une cible du Virus de la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB103/document.
Full textNo abstract available
Khou, Cécile. "Etude du neurotropisme des Flavivirus neuropathogènes." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC305/document.
Full textNeuropathogenic Flaviviruses, such as Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), West Nile virus (WNV), yellow fever virus (YFV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), cause neurological diseases. These diseases are due to viral infection of central nervous system (CNS) cells. The CNS is a privileged organ, isolated from pathogenic agents by a barrier between the blood and the barrier, called the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Neuropathogenic Flaviviruses which can cross this BBB in order to reach their target cells in the CNS, are neuroinvasive. This study aims at understanding the cellular mechanisms by which YFV and JEV Flaviviruses cross the BBB and the effects of viral infection by WNV and ZIKV of the CNS cells during neocortex development.YFV is a hepatrotopic virus, which mostly infects the liver and the kidneys. The two live-attenuated vaccines against YFV, the FNV (for French Neurotropic Virus) vaccine and the 17D vaccine, were obtained empirically by several passages in suckling mouse brain of YFV virulent strains. These vaccines do not cause any disease targeting the liver or the kidneys, but can sometimes cause post-vaccine encephalitis. These encephalitis cases suggest that the vaccine strains have become neurovirulent and neuroinvasive. Due to high risks of post-vaccine encephalitis, the FNV vaccine use was discontinued in the 1980s.JEV is a neurotropic virus, causing acute encephalitis in South East Asia. To date, there is a live-attenuated vaccine against JEV, the JEV SA14-14-2 vaccine, which was obtained empirically by several passages in primary hamster kidney cells. This vaccine is less neurovirulent and less neuroinvasive than JEV virulent strains in mouse model, and it protects against JEV infections. However, some cases of post-vaccine encephalitis were reported. It thus seems that, in some cases, the vaccine strain JEV SA14-14-2 is able to cross the BBB and infect neuronal cells.The recent ZIKV epidemics in French Polynesia and South America were linked to an increase in the number of congenital malformations, rising questions regarding the capacity of a Flavivirus to induce CNS congenital malformations.In this study, we have identified cellular mechanisms involved in Flavivirus neuroinvasion and studied the effect of ZIKV and WNV infection of neuronal cells under development.To study CNS development, we have infected mouse embryos brain slices. We were able to show that ZIKV has a preferential tropism for neuronal progenitors, whereas WNV has a preferential tropism for neuronal cells. We also show that infection of neuronal progenitors by ZIKV impairs the cell life cycle, whereas no effect on the cell life cycle was observed for WNV-infected cells. Studies on apoptosis induction did not show any difference between both viruses at early time points of infection.To study Flavivirus neuroinvasion, we have used an in vitro model of BBB composed of human endothelial hCMEC/D3 cells that can form tight junctions. These cells were cultivated on Transwell inserts and placed above human neuronal cells. Using this system, we show that YFV FNV cross the BBB more efficiently than YFV 17D, suggesting that YFV FNV is more neuroinvasive than YFV 17D. This observation can explain the higher post-vaccine encephalitis risks associated with YFV FNV vaccine compared to YFV 17D vaccine. We also confirmed that JEV SA14-14-2 vaccine strain is less neuroinvasive than JEV RP9.We also examined how JEV crosses the BBB and the endothelial cell response following JEV treatment. We show that both JEV RP9 and SA14-14-2 are able to cross the BBB without infecting its endothelial cells and without disrupting the BBB. Preliminary results suggest that JEV RP9, but not JEV SA14-14-2, crosses the BBB by dynamin-dependant transcytosis. Transcriptomic analysis of endothelial cells treated by either virus show slight, but significant, differences in regulation of genes implicated in several pathways associated with CNS diseases
Gauliard, Nicolas. "Développement d'un système de génétique inverse pour le virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift et analyse du rôle des régions non codantes du génome." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077198.
Full textThe Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a phlebovirus of the"BunyaviridaëJarnlly present in Africa and transmitted by mosquitoes and affecting cattle and humans. The viral genome is composed of three segments of RNA of negative polarity: the L segment codes for a RNA polymerase RNA dependent, the M segment for the glycoproteins precursor and the S segment for the nucleoprotein N and the non structural protein NSs. A reverse genetics System for the RVFV was developped using recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing viral proteins (Lopez et al. 1995). This model showed the N and L proteins are necessary and sufficient to transcribe a minigenome mimicking a viral S segment containing the CAT reporter gene in the non coding orientation and flanked by the non coding regions of the S segment. We developed a complete minigenome System for the RVFV based on transfection of plasmids. Viral proteins are expressed under T7 polymerase control. LCAT, MCAT and SCAT minigenomes, mimicking the three viral segments L, M and S, are synthetized with plasmids under the cellular RNA polymerase I control and are transcribed and replicated. The termination of mRNA transcription was also similar to viral one. Transcription efficiency of the LCAT minigenome was stronger than the S one and the M one. We showed that promoters strength determined with this System play an important role in levels of viral RNAs produced during cellular infection
Kajaste-Rudnitski, Anna. "Impact du polymorphisme des gènes CD209 (DC-SIGN) et 2'-5 oligo-adénylate synthétase 1b (2' -5 Oas1b) sur leurs activités fonctionnelles en relation avec les flaviviroses dengue et fièvre du Nil occidental (West Nil)." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066051.
Full textAyhan, Nazli. "Emerging sandfly-borne Phleboviruses in Balkan countries : virus isolation, characterization, evolution and seroepidemiology." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0298/document.
Full textPhleboviruses have a worldwide distribution. In the areas where sand flies are present, some of the sandfly-borne phleboviruses cause febrile illness and central nervous system infections. Sandfly fever was first reported in the Balkan Peninsula at the end of the 19th century. Since there is accumulating data showing that the Balkan peninsula plays a major role in the emergence of vector-borne diseases. At the outset of this work, a very limited number of phleboviruses had been identified and isolated in this region. To fill this gap, an integrated and transdisciplinary study was designed aiming at an inventory of viruses circulating in Balkans and associated seroprevalence studies using domestic animals: (i) a total of 3,850 sandflies were collected in seven Balkan countries (Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, Republic of Macedonia and Serbia) in 2014 and 2015. They were tested for the presence of viral RNA and inoculated on VERO cell for virus isolation; (ii) seroprevalence studies using neutralisation tests were performed on cattle and sheep samples to assess the level of exposure to two human pathogens, Toscana virus (TOSV) and Sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV). Our results consist of (i) the discovery and sequencing of 3 novel phleboviruses belonging to 2 different species, (ii) the identification for the first time of TOSV lineage B in Croatia, (iii) evidence of co-circulation of two lineages (Lineage B and C) of TOSV, (iv) rates of neutralising antibodies that are much higher in cattle and sheep for SFSV than for TOSV. Together the findings obtained during this work demonstrate that the Balkan area is a hot spot for phleboviruses
Baklouti, Amal. "Etude génomique et structurale de virus Toscana (TOSV)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5059.
Full textThe first part of my work consisted (i) of genomic sequencing of 10 TOSV strains to increase the total number of complete sequences (at the outset, 6 complete sequences were accessible in Genbank). (ii) to use the 16 sequences to design and evaluated the first lineage-specific real-time RT-PCR assay (Lisp-TOSV) to discriminate between strains of lineages A and B Complete sequencing of the 10 strains was achieved. The second part of this project was dedicated for structural and functional studies of the TOSV N protein in order to decipher viral RNA encapsidation. TOSV Nucleoprotein (N) is a protein of 28 KD, is encapsidating the viral RNA genome and serves as a co-factor the RNA trancription/replication. The crystal structures of TOSV N protein , and the complex N-RNA were already determined (Olal D and al; 2014) while we just obtained diffracting crystal of the N free RNA at 3,7 Å (PDB code : 5FVA ). Crystallographic structures show an hexameric rings whereas N encapsidates the RNA in a filamentous organization. We therefore decided to combine these results with complementary studies, such as electron microscopy (EM) and samll angle X-ray scattering to build a low resolution structure model in solution describing properly the encapsidation mechanism. The N behaves mainly as an opened, deformed pentamer that shed light on how the N can be organized in filaments
Alkan, Yirci Çiğdem. "Emerging sandfly-borne phleboviruses in Turkey, Iran, and Algeria : Virus isolation, characterization, evolution, and epidemiology." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5008.
Full textSandfly-borne phlebovirus circulation in Turkey, Iran, and Algeria was investigated. The isolation, genomic characterization, phylogenetic relationships of 6 viruses was presented: Adana virus (ADAV), two strains of Toros virus (TORV), Zerdali virus (ZERV) from Turkey; Dashli virus (DASHV) from Iran; Toscana virus (TOSV) from Algeria. This study has begun with the collection of 38,131 sandflies from nature. The well established, high-throughput methodology was applied for the discovery of viruses including PCR tools and cell culture methods. Next generation sequencing (NGS) technology facilitated to perform complete genome analysis of the isolated viruses. In conclusion, this study has contributions to the neglected sandfly-borne phlebovirus group and filled some gaps about the circulation of these agents in Turkey, Iran, and Algeria. Following are some significant contributions; (i) ZERV and TORV which are closely related to Tehran virus (THEV) and Corfou virus (CFUV), respectively were isolated after 56 and 30 years of the first isolations of THEV and CFUV, respectively, (ii) There was no evidence of the pathogenicity of Salehabad virus (SALV) and Arbia virus (ARBV) except the detection of Adria virus (ADRV) in CSF until ADAV which belongs to the Salehabad serocomplex was detected in domestic animal and very few human sera by neutralization assay, (iii) We have discovered the most recent sandfly-borne phlebovirus circulation in Iran after 56 years, (iv) TOSV was isolated in Algeria for the first time and circulation was confirmed by seropositivities in human sera