Dissertations / Theses: 'FIFA World Cup 2014'

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Ronquillo, Elissa Josefina. "The 2014 Brazilian World Cup: Consequences and Legacies." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/71.

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Sport is often not a topic one contemplates of when thinking of global and national narratives. For many it is not a valid or significant tool to study race or development. Sport has been minimized to an after school activity or a distraction, but sport crosses many spheres including, but not limited to, politics and identity. It has the capability of influencing people’s histories and growth as an individual. Many scholars have in recent years used the politics of sport as a legitimate way to understand race and global history. The 2014 World Cup presented itself as the perfect subject to analyze various meanings driving the political, economic, and global significance of mega sports events. Brazil’s history with football and the inter-connectedness with politics, nationalism, and racial identity provide an interesting platform to dissect this information and place it in a larger scope within the values of the World Cup. Upon exploration of this topic and several meetings with Professor David Goldblatt, author of the must-read soccer Bible The Ball is Round, I found that the World Cup was exuding with political, economic, and social implications. A few main issues caught my attention: The massive corruption and lawlessness with which FIFA elites seem to operate under, the unbelievable accounts of housing and human rights violations done in the name of football by the Brazilian government, and the inefficient and slow progress of infrastructure preparations.

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Olckers, Teresa. "Tax consequences of the 2010 FIFA World Cup." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13508.

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With all the excitement in South Africa about the 2010 FIFA World Cup kicking off on 11 June 2010, tax relief will be granted on import tax and VAT, amongst others, in terms of the Revenue Laws Amendment Act 20 of 2006 (hereafter referred to as RLAA). FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association), confirmed that SAFA may have the right to serve as a host for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, but in order to qualify 17 guarantees were to be given by South African government to FIFA which is a general requirement for all host cities. These guarantees will be provided by various government departments focusing on the financial environment, safety and security, intellectual property and marketing rights, transport and telecommunications as well as custom duties, other taxes and duties and levies by the Minister of Finance. The government of The Republic of South Africa issued several guarantees that they would comply with to meet certain requirements set out by FIFA for World Cup hosts (Wilson, 2008:1). These include, inter alia, the provision of taxation relief for qualifying individuals and entities. Trevor Manuel, former Minister of Finance, included certain provisions in the RLAA, to give effect to FIFA’s requirements. The RLAA created a tax-free bubble around the FIFA-designated sites so that profits on consumable and semi-durable goods sold within these areas will not be subject to Income tax; nor will VAT be levied. Tax relief will be given on specific goods and services for qualifying taxpayers, as defined in the Income Tax Act 58/1962 ("The Income Tax Act"), (Wilson, 2008:1). This relief system will be governed by an accompanying abuse paragraph in the legislation in order to limit any loss that may be suffered by the South African Revenue Service ("SARS"). The positive and negative impacts, which will arise from hosting such an international event, are important to discuss and consider.

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Muresherwa, Gift. "The media impact of the 2014 FIFA World CUP in selected key marketsτм." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2538.

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Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
The hosting of 2014 FIFA World CupTM was an ideal opportunity for Brazil to enhance its international image. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact on Brazil and on Rio de Janeiro (as a host city and major tourist destination) of mainstream media reporting on the hosting of the 2014 FIFA World CupTM. It provides a picture of how Brazil and Rio de Janeiro were reported in selected newspapers at different stages of the event: pre-, lead-up, during, and post- the 2014 World Cup. The study also seeks to ascertain whether the major objectives of the Brazil World Cup bid were met in the hosting of this mega-event. A media content analysis was conducted in four key tourism markets: Argentina, USA, Germany and Portugal. These countries were chosen because they represent Brazil’s main tourism markets and reported significant numbers of ticket sales for the event. The methodology used was qualitative analysis, including content sourcing, content identification and the use of Leximancer, an analytic tool for large amounts of textual data. The study examined online newspapers with the largest readership and circulation numbers in the selected markets. In total, 1961 online newspaper articles relevant to Brazil’s hosting of the 2014 FIFA World CupTM were analysed. The findings revealed both positive and negative sentiments associated with Brazil’s hosting of the event. A key finding from the analysis was that for all markets, there was a shift from relatively positive sentiment in the pre-World Cup period, to more negative sentiment in the lead-up, followed by a return to positive sentiment during and after the World Cup. Having shifted to a more negative view leading up to and during the event, the USA market was dominated by media attention to social unrest and corruption. The period immediately prior to the tournament recorded an increase in both positive and negative media coverage in the US, German and Portuguese markets, but became more positive in the Argentinian market. Thus, the lead-up period was particularly significant in all markets. Safety and security concerns expressed in the lead-up period decreased significantly during the hosting and post- periods, and a positive image of the country was noticeable in the international media. Therefore, while the positive sentiments emerging during the event should be capitalised on, Brazil should also address the lurking concerns and negative perceptions that continue despite its successful hosting of the mega-event. By doing this the nation can consolidate its brand’s position in a sustained and positive way. As different reporting tones were noticed in the different markets across the time periods, it becomes important to consider these changes in the future event marketing and positioning of Rio de Janeiro as the leading tourism destination and events capital for Brazil, especially in relation to Rio de Janeiro’s hosting of future events.

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Ligongo, Idd Ludovick. "The FIFA World Cup in USA Today: 1990-2010." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5184.

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Since the nineteenth century, U.S. newspapers have contributing to the promotion of sports, and in the twentieth century, their sports-related news has emphasized the country’s big spectator sports such as baseball, football, and basketball (McChesney, 1989; Fort, 2000). In contrast, throughout the rest of the world, soccer and its FIFA World Cup tournament, which is held every four years, have captured much more attention than it has in the United States (USA Today, 2006). Schlesinger (1978) argued that news does not select itself, but is rather the product of judgments concerning the social relevance of given events and situations based on assumptions concerning their interest and importance. With this in mind, a study was designed in order to learn about how Americans regard soccer and the World Cup and whether their regard for them is undergoing a transition. More specifically, using quantitative content analysis and qualitative inductive thematic analysis, the thesis studied the amount and thematic nature of U.S.A. Today’s news and editorial coverage of the six FIFA World Cup tournaments held from 1990 to 2010. Research indicates that the newspaper published 1,079 articles during these tournaments. The peak of coverage was reached in 1994, when the U.S. hosted the event for the first time. The paper’s reportage and commentary pieces emphasized statistics, history, atmosphere, drama, political, social and international relation affairs. And finally, USA Today characterized the relationship between the FIFA World Cup and the United States as an event that is not for Americans, as the hope of U.S. soccer, as lacking a connection to U.S. television audiences, as a simple game that people from any economic group can enjoy, and as an event with importance not only in the domain of sports, but as one that inspires patriotism.
Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The Elliott School of Communication.

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Leitner, Christoph, Achim Zeileis, and Kurt Hornik. "Forecasting the Winner of the FIFA World Cup 2010." Institute for Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/702/1/document.pdf.

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The FIFA World Cup is one of the most prestigious tournament all over the world and hence there is major interest, among fans and experts alike, in forecasting the winner of this tournament. To investigate this issue, a class of linear mixed-effects models for quoted winning odds from various bookmakers is explored. Based on this "prospective" data reflecting the expectations of the bookmakers (as opposed to past performances used in many other forecasting methods) different models for the "true" odds of winning the tournament can be established, capturing both team-specific effects (along with effects for the team's tournament group and continental confederation) and bookmaker-specific variations. A selection among various model specifications yields a model with a fixed team effect plus a random bookmaker-specific deviation. It forecasts team Spain with a probability of 17.86% as the winner of the tournament; the second best team is Brazil with a winning probability of 15.27%. In addition to the forecast of the winning probability, information about the groups of the preliminaries and the different continental confederations can be obtained from the model.
Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics

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Mosime, Kwenaitsile Maitshwarelo. "The post-event function of world cup stadia as contribution to the 2010 Fifa World Cup legacy." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60396.

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In today’s sport environment, a mega event such as the FIFA World Cup involves major costs for the hosts, and high demands for all organizing stakeholders in order to ensure successful implementation. Despite the opportunity cost, this poses for the hosting country, bidding for these events remain highly competitive due to the perceived benefits of staging this event. Analyses show that new stadia are often built for the event and these require long-term planning and sustainable use in order to be operated successfully. Problematically, stadia that succumb to the challenges of operational and maintenance costs are referred to as ‘white elephants’. Successful stadia are those with good legacy plans that are geared towards the realization of positive long-term benefits. As owners of the stadia after a major football tournament such as the FIFA World Cup 2010, Local Municipalities face the challenge of ensuring that the stadiums remain sustainable after the event as well as covering the costs of maintaining the facilities. Therefore it is vital to know the function of the stadia. This study explores the perceptions of Local Municipalities on the World Cup stadia contribution towards the legacy of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The study poses the following research question: How do facility managers at Local Municipalities in South Africa perceive the function of the 2010 FIFA World Cup stadia as part of the legacy of the tournament?
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences
MA
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Burgess, Meryl. "The sport for development legacies of the 2010 FIFA World Cup." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17928.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: During the last decade, a significant trend could be observed with regards to the growth of the number of sport for development initiatives globally, as well as the increasing range of stakeholders involved in the sport for development field. Many international organisations and institutions began to put more emphasis on the use of sport and sport activities to initiate social change. This was further observed with the growing trends in sport for development activities within the Global South. In order to explore the impacts of the trends in sport for development, this study examined the recent sport for development trends in South Africa and in what way the 2010 FIFA World Cup has affected it. This study attempts to do this by exploring the historical underpinnings of sport for development in South Africa, as well as current trends in the field. The study further examines the sport for development initiatives that have been implemented during the 2010 FIFA World Cup, and explores their ramifications for the sport for development landscape in South Africa. With its assessment of the sport for development legacies of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, this study builds on the existing international literature by an increasing number of scholars assessing the trends in sport for development as well as evaluating the effectiveness of the field for promoting development. Moreover, due to the recent increase in developing countries in the Global South hosting sport mega-events, with a purpose to achieve social development objectives through the event (for example, South Africa and the 2010 World Cup), this study builds on literature examining a potential link between sport mega-events and sport for development. As a point of departure this study looked to provide an overview of the sport for development field, the recent debates raised among scholars as well as a theoretical framework informing the field. The study then looked towards the historical underpinnings of sport for development in South Africa, creating a framework for the analysis of the empirical study regarding the sport for development initiatives implemented during the World Cup. The main findings of this study included the rapid growth of sport for development initiatives during the World Cup period, the increase and range in public and private actors forming institutional arrangements and partnerships in sport for development initiatives and the outcomes and implications of those trends for the South African sport for development context. Through the hosting of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, it was found that the sport mega-event was ultimately used as a strategic opportunity for initiatives to achieve objectives and aims including the creation of awareness of initiatives, potentially meeting new partners and funders, and increasing participant numbers. Moreover, through the formation of institutional arrangements and partnerships, implementing organisations could potentially ensure sustainability of the initiative due to the resources made available by the range of partners involved. It must be noted however, that although the 2010 FIFA World Cup was used strategically by the sport for development initiatives implemented during that period, sport mega-events cannot be said to achieve social development objectives, especially those of sport for development, due to the many neoliberal tendencies that is found in the hosting of the event.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gedurende die laaste dekade was 'n kenmerkende / belangrike trant opgemerk, t.o.v. die groei van die getal globale sport vir ontwikkeling, sowel as die toename van rolspelers betrokke by die ontwikkeling van sport. Baie internasionale organiSuid-Afrikasies en inrigtings sit meer klem op die gebruik van sport en aktiwiteite om sosiale verandering uit te oefen. Die is verder opmerkend met die groeiende trant van sport-ontwikkeling in die Globale lande. Om die impak van sport-ontwikkeling te ondersoek, het hierdie studie die onlangse sportontwikkeling trant in Suid-Afrika getoets, asook die manier hoe die 2010 FIFA Wêreld-beker dit beinvloed het. Die navorsing probeer dit doen deur die historiese ondersteuning van sportontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika te ondersoek, sowel as die huidige trant. Dié navorsing ondersoek ook die sport-ontwikkeling inisiatief wat geinplimenteer was gedurende die 2010 FIFA Wêreld-beker, asook die vertakking van sport-ontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika. Met die assesering van die sport-ontwikkeling van die 2010 FIFA Wêreld-beker, gaan hierdie studie op die huidige internasionale literatuur bou by die groei van die getal narvorsers wat die trant in sport-ontwikkeling en evaluering wat die uitwerking op sport-ontwikkeling bevorder. Sodoende, met die onlangse groei van ontwikkelinde lande tussen Globale lande wat groot sport byeenkomste huisves, met die doel om sosiale ontwikkeling te bereik (bv. Suid-Afrika en die 2010 Wêreld-beker), gaan hierdie studie die Literatuur ondersoek van ‘n potensiale koppeling tussen mega-sport byeenkomste en sport-ontwikkeling opbou. Hierdie studie verskaf 'n oorsig van sport-ontwikkeling as 'n vetrek-punt om die onlangse debatte tussen leerders en die teoretiese raamwerk in die veld in te lig. Die studie kyk ook na die historiese ondersteuning vir sport-ontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika, deur ‘n raamwerk in die analise van die studie m.b.t. sport-ontwikkeling inisiatief tydens die Wêreld-beker te skep. Die hoof bevindings van hierdie studie sluit in die vinnige groei van sport-ontwikkeling inisiatief tydens die Wêreld-beker; die toename en reeks publieke en private ondersteuners wat instansie rëelings vorm en verhoudings in sport-ontwikkeling en die uitkoms en implikasies in die Suid-Afrika konteks. Deur die 2010 FIFA Wêreld-beker te huisves, het hierdie mega-sport gebeurtenis eintlik 'n strategiese geleentheid om doele te bereik, insluitend die bewustheid van inisiatief, die ontmoeting van nuwe genote en skenkers, asook die groei in deelname. Verder, deur die formasie van instansie rëelings en verhoudings, implementerende organisasies kan potensiale Suid-Afrikasies kan potensiale steun verseker, a.g.v. die bronne beskikbaar gemaak deur die betrokke vennote. Kennis moet geneem word dat al was die 2010 FIFA Wêreld-beker strateties gebruik om sport-ontwikkeling te implementeer tydens hierdie periode, groot sport byeenkomste kan nie verantwoordelik gehou word vir sosiale ontwikkeling doelwitte, veral vir sport-ontwikkeling, a.g.v. die neo-liberale tendens wat by die huisvesting van hierdie geleenthede gevind word.

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Darn, Telma. "Reflexões sobre o território do futebol e a Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014 no Brasil /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104371.

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Orientador: Elson Luciano Silva Pires
Banca: Gilmar Mascarenhas de Jesus
Banca: Everaldo Santos Melazzo
Banca: Paulo Roberto Teixeira de Godoy
Banca: Odaleia Telles Marcondes Machado Queiroz
Resumo: Nesta tese nós introduzimos e investigamos o conceito de território do futebol que é regido sob a hegemonia da FIFA em escala global e pelas federações e confederações em escala local. O Brasil sediará em 2014 a Copa do Mundo FIFA sendo considerado um produto inovador no território do futebol brasileiro. Os legados especialmente urbanístico, turístico e de promoção da imagem do país, têm sido fortemente utilizados na sensibilização da população quanto ao aceite dos altos valores a serem investidos com o evento. Considerando-se a inovação, a adaptação e a regulação como a tríade que impulsiona a competitividade, sendo esta última, o pilar mais frágil neste território, identificamos que este evento pouco poderá influenciar no futebol brasileiro
Abstract: In this thesis we introduce and investigate the concept of territory of football. Such territory is governed by the hegemony of FIFA on a global scale and by national associations or confederations on a local scale. In 2014 Brazil will host the FIFA World Cup which is an innovative product in the territory of Brazilian football. The legacies especially urbanistic, touristic and in promoting Brazil's image have been heavily used in raising public awareness about the acceptance of high amounts to be invested in the event. Considering the innovation, adaptation and regulation as the triad that drives competitiveness, the latter being the weakest pillar in the territory of football, we found that this event may have small influence in the Brazilian football
Doutor

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Crabb, Lauren Amber Holly. "Elites and carbon-offsetting in Brazil : a critique of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Mato Grosso." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/18620/.

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Major sporting competitions, such as the Football World Cup and the Olympic Games have become global events. For the organisers of such events, they are much more than a short-term competition, they present the opportunity to ‘re-imagineer’ nations and cities. Scholars have discussed the commercialisation and financial opportunities of such sporting events, and their links to neoliberalism. But recent official claims about the social benefits and carbon neutrality have received much less attention. This thesis addresses this under-researched area. It documents and analyses the social and environmental claims made in the context of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, and explores how these played out in the rural state of Mato Grosso. This study is primarily based on documentary research and ethnographic fieldwork carried out in Mato Grosso. It is informed by a critical management studies perspective and draws specifically on a neo-Gramscian approach to environmental governance. This enabled me to go behind the environmental discourse in Mato Grosso and understand the realities on the ground. The findings illustrate how regional elites co-opted environmental governance mechanisms and appropriated the socio-economic benefits of the FIFA World Cup. I focus particularly on a carbon offsetting project which was supposed to plant 1. 4 million trees along the Cuiabá River in order offset the CO emissions generated by the construction of the new Pantanal football Stadium. As I show, this project was organised by an NGO manufactured by Mato Grosso based agro-industrial elites, who used it as a vehicle to further their interests at the expense of local subsistence fishing communities and the environment.

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Alvarez, Robert. "The Price of Glory: A Socio-Economic Analysis of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Fortaleza, Brazil." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613494.

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This thesis examines the social and economic impacts of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Fortaleza, Brazil. The study used a budget analysis, and in depth interviews to ascertain the economic impact of the world cup games and the distribution of revenue across different sectors and socio-economic divisions within the local economy. A historical and vulnerability analysis was conducted through the examination of secondary sources (historical documents, census data, previous research on vulnerable populations) to identify groups and spaces of high social vulnerability. Qualitative data was then collected through in depth interviews with sources from all facets of society during the World Cup games and the following summer to identify the social impacts on these vulnerable groups and spaces. The thesis found that the final economic costs for infrastructure and stadium refurbishments associated with the World Cup in Fortaleza far exceeded the projected costs and the final economic impact on the local economy was half of projected estimates. While the city saw social benefits in the celebratory atmosphere and public security provided during the World Cup, there were also negative impacts on socially vulnerable groups and spaces including forced community relocations, increases in cases of commercial sexual exploitation, and rises in violent crime.

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Mills, Lucy Caroline. "The 2010 Fifa world cup: Perceptions of its sports and development legacy potential." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3866.

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Sport mega-events are a contemporary phenomenon which embody and unify global processes in an increasingly globalised world. Whilst the sport industry has grown exponentially as a result of global market forces envisaging extensive economic opportunities, hosting a mega-event has also been economically attractive for cities and countries. In aiming to be globally competitive and world-class, mega-events derive from an economic-growth centred model of urban development, whereby benefits will 'trickle-down' to the poor and marginalised (Pillay and Bass, 2008). The 2010 FIFA World Cup typifies such an event as it encompasses historical, geopolitical, economic and socio-cultural processes that have intensified and been intensified by, globalisation. South Africa's bid for the 2010 FIFA World Cup however, has differed from other mega-event bids. Official World Cup discourses boast that the World Cup will produce lasting socio-economic impacts to South Africa and indeed the rest of Africa. FIFA and the South African government have labelled the 2010 World Cup an 'African World Cup' with promises of stimulating pan-African economic and sociocultural opportunities. There is significant emphasis on providing social benefits to underprivileged populations. One of the anticipated social legacies is the development of sport structures and increased participation of sport in disadvantaged areas where barriers to sport are most entrenched. The aim of the research project was to determine whether a sport and development legacy is in fact materialising in both South Africa and Zambia as a result of South Africa hosting the World Cup. I employed a qualitative research design and conducted 20 semi-structured in-depth interviews with representatives from a wide variety of sport and development related organisations in Cape Town and Lusaka. I regarded this cross-section of people as best positioned to provide evidence of a legacy. v Findings demonstrate that the official World Cup discourses generated by FIFA and the South African government pledging benefits continent-wide, have infiltrated everyday discourse of people in townships in Lusaka and Cape Town. There is however a discrepancy between this rhetoric and the reality. Respondents from smallscale, community-based sports structures rarely perceive themselves or their organisations to benefit from World Cup opportunities due to a lack of access to information and resources. Despite limited tangible gains or involvement, a sense of pride in South Africa, and indeed Africa, is evident. This alone is contributing to the support of the World Cup rather than visible positive changes in disadvantaged communities. In contrast to these organisations, representatives from larger, wealthier sport for development NGOs record increased funding and activities. This research has therefore exposed a dual system of sports delivery present in South Africa and Zambia. Whilst sport for development NGOs thrive, community sports structures struggle to the point of being near dysfunctional or even non-existent. Given the problematic history of donor-driven, Northern-based development programmes, we must be wary of perpetuating the marginalisation of local voices. This thesis suggests that pitfalls of globalisation at large are reproduced in globalised sport. It substantiates existing literature that doubts the potential of the World Cup to generate development among poorer populations.

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Darn, Telma [UNESP]. "Reflexões sobre o território do futebol e a Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014 no Brasil." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104371.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Nesta tese nós introduzimos e investigamos o conceito de território do futebol que é regido sob a hegemonia da FIFA em escala global e pelas federações e confederações em escala local. O Brasil sediará em 2014 a Copa do Mundo FIFA sendo considerado um produto inovador no território do futebol brasileiro. Os legados especialmente urbanístico, turístico e de promoção da imagem do país, têm sido fortemente utilizados na sensibilização da população quanto ao aceite dos altos valores a serem investidos com o evento. Considerando-se a inovação, a adaptação e a regulação como a tríade que impulsiona a competitividade, sendo esta última, o pilar mais frágil neste território, identificamos que este evento pouco poderá influenciar no futebol brasileiro
In this thesis we introduce and investigate the concept of territory of football. Such territory is governed by the hegemony of FIFA on a global scale and by national associations or confederations on a local scale. In 2014 Brazil will host the FIFA World Cup which is an innovative product in the territory of Brazilian football. The legacies especially urbanistic, touristic and in promoting Brazil's image have been heavily used in raising public awareness about the acceptance of high amounts to be invested in the event. Considering the innovation, adaptation and regulation as the triad that drives competitiveness, the latter being the weakest pillar in the territory of football, we found that this event may have small influence in the Brazilian football

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Menezes, Mathew Gomes. "Considerations on the economic impact of the 2010 FIFA World Cup on South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002697.

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Mega-events are associated with significant positive implications such as enhanced international exposure of the host, improved infrastructure, increased tourist numbers, higher employment levels and tax revenues, greater feelings of patriotism among host region residents and integration of the host into the international community. Supporters of events have claimed that the occasions stimulate prominent economic gains for the host region. The economic and tourism growth that occurred in Barcelona following the 1992 Olympic Games is erroneously cited by proponents of hosting as an example of the potential benefits that an event can derive on the host. Those Games were not the sole driver of growth in the region. An analysis of previous mega-events, demonstrated that net benefits were not a necessary consequence of hosting. Comparison of pre-event estimates of the economic impact and their actual effects are universally divergent. The observation was validated by the consensus academic opinion that economic impact studies systematically overstate the benefits of hosting, and underestimate the costs. Further, different forward-looking studies of the same event, calculate vastly different predictions. The tools for calculating the economic impact, specifically Input-Output Analysis and Computable General Equilibrium, do not provide useful predictions given their dependence on the inaccurate data. With 2010 cost data having continually increased since 2003, determining the appropriate inputs to an I-O or CGE is problematic. It was identified that the weight given to the multiplier effect was also a factor in the amplification of the expected benefits. Given the poor data sets available as inputs to I-O and CGE models, the study concentrated on conducting a comprehensive Cost-Benefit Analysis of the determinants of the economic impact of the 2010 World Cup based on the premise that the identification of the relative costs and benefits of staging the event was regarded as a greater contribution to the body of knowledge on the topic. It can be expected that there will not be significant short-term economic gains; this study predicted a net cost of R8.4bn, which is marginally offset by short-term net intangible benefits. The short-term economic consequences of the 2010 World Cup are expected to be overshadowed by the long-term effects on revenues within the tourism industry. The image implication of hosting 2010 is the most salient factor in considering the economic impact of 2010, as an alteration in the national image can have long-term effects on FDI and tourism. It is however not a certainty that the international exposure that South Africa receives will be beneficial, in the instance that the World Cup is characterised by poor organisational measures or crime. The net impact of hosting is expected to be a function of the long-term benefits, which can be expected to exceed the short-terms costs, and derive a cumulative net benefit from staging 2010. The World Cup is however unlikely to stimulate the economic growth rate above levels that would have occurred had the event not been held in South Africa.

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ARAÚJO, Sérgio Luiz Elias de. "Era para ser apenas um (mega) evento esportivo? Como a Copa do Mundo 2014 evidenciou a crise política brasileira." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17091.

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Tendo como pano de fundo a realização da Copa do Mundo FIFA no Brasil em 2014, esta tese busca refletir sobre as relações sociais pós-modernas a partir da postura imperial na economia contemporânea, buscando compreender a dinâmica das forças antagônicas e concomitantemente complementares que exercem os representantes do capital internacional, associado aos governos, numa situação de constante conflito com os organismos da sociedade civil que compõem a multidão. Estas observações se darão sob a lente da teoria do Império de Michael Hardt e Antonio Negri. Contudo, visto a teoria ser bastante ampla, os dados não nos permitiram abordar todas as categorias teóricas desenvolvidas pelos autores. Assim, nós discorreremos apenas sobre as noções de soberania, produção imaterial, guerra e democracia. Para a análise dos dados, optamos pelo método arqueológico foucaultiano de análise do discurso, que é realizado em quatro etapas, quais sejam: definição dos enunciados, inferência das funções enunciativas, determinação das regras e construção das formações discursivas.
Against the backdrop of the implementation of the FIFA World Cup in Brazil in 2014, this thesis seeks to reflect on the post-modern social relations from the imperial posture in the contemporary economy, seeking to understand the dynamics of the opposing forces and at the same time complementary representatives of international capital, associated with governments, in a situation of constant conflict with the civil society organizations that make up the multitude. These observations will be under the lens of the theory of Empire by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri. However, since the theory to be quite large, the data do not allow us to address all theoretical categories developed by the authors. So, we will discuss only on the notions of sovereignty, immaterial production, war and democracy. For data analysis, we chose the Foucauldian archaeological method of discourse analysis, which is conducted in four stages, namely: definition of statements, inference enunciative functions, determining the rules and construction of discursive formations.

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De, Souza Malanski Daniel. "Narratives of Brazil Brazilian identity representations in International mega-events - the cases of the 2014 FIFA world cup and the 2016 summer olympics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667274.

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En aquesta tesi analitzem com les comissions encarregades d’organitzar la Copa Mundial de la FIFA del 2014 i dels Jocs Olímpics celebrades a l’estiu del 2016, van aprofitar aquests mega esdeveniments per desenvolupar la imatge del Brasil i dels seus habitants, aprofitant la tensió entre narratives nacionals històriques i de patrons idealitzats del que s’espera d’una nació moderna i de la seva posició dins l’escenari internacional. En primer lloc, identifiquem i discutim una sèrie de narratives nacionalistes, que durant diversos periodes de la història brasilera es van elaborar com a formes de situar a Brasil i els seus natius dins dels paràmetres occidentals del que és una nació moderna. Tot i així, entenem que existeix una infinitat de formes d’experimentar i de representar un estat continental replet de contrasts nacionals com ho és el Brasil, també situem les representacions culturals dels diferents Brasils en el mateix territori que hi ha dins les narratives dominants de la brasilitat. Un cop delimitades les narratives nacionalistes i les regionalistes, vam poder identificar-les en l’anàlisi del contingut extret del material audiovisuals del Mundial de futbol del 2014 i dels Jocs Olímpics de 2016: cartells, logotips, mascotes, cerimònies, etc. L’adopció, el rebuig o bé la negociació de dites narratives en les cerimònies no només ens mostren com els arquitectes d’ambdós esdeveniments van entendre i projectar la imatge de Brasil cap a l’exterior, sino que també, com es van manifestar les seves percepcions de brasiliaritat i modernitat. A més a més, l’anàlisi va mostrar les visions particulars de les comissions organitzatives sobre quin és el paper de les cultures de diferents regions brasileres que tenen les seves idees sobre la nació, així com la forma d’entendre com diferents pobles que cohabiten dins el mateix pais (descendents portuguesos, africans, amerindis, etc.) contribueixen a la formació de Brasil.
En esta tesis analizamos cómo las comisiones organizadoras de la Copa Mundial de la FIFA 2014 y los Juegos Olímpicos de verano de 2016 utilizaron estos mega eventos para desarrollar la imagen del país y de sus habitantes aprovechando de la tensión entre narrativas nacionales históricas y patrones idealizados de lo que se espera de una nación moderna y de su posición en la escena internacional. Para eso, en primer lugar, identificamos y discutimos una serie de narrativas nacionalistas que - durante diferentes períodos de la historia brasileña - fueron elaboradas como formas de situar a Brasil y a sus nativos dentro de lo que el occidente consideraba moderno. Sin embargo, como entendemos que hay una infinidad de distintas formas de experimentar y representar una nación continental repleta de contrastes regionales como Brasil, también situamos las representaciones de las culturas de diferentes Brasiles dentro de las narrativas dominantes de brasilianidad. Una vez delineadas tales narrativas nacionalistas y regionalistas, pudimos identificarlas en el análisis de contenido del material audiovisual del Mundial de Fútbol de 2014 y de los Juegos Olímpicos de 2016 - tales como carteles, logotipos, mascotas, ceremonias y así sucesivamente. La adopción, el rechazo o la negociación de esas narrativas en las ceremonias mencionadas no solo nos dicen cómo los arquitectos de estos eventos entendieron y proyectaran la imagen de la nación en el exterior, pero también como revelaron sus percepciones de brasilianidad y de modernidad. Además, el análisis también expuso las visiones de las comisiones organizadoras sobre cuál es el papel que las culturas de diferentes regiones brasileñas desempeñan en sus ideas acerca de la nación, así como sus entendimientos de cómo diferentes pueblos que habitan el país - como los descendientes de portugueses, africanos, amerindios, etc. - contribuyeron a la formación de la nación.
In this thesis, we have analysed how the organising committees of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics have used these mega-events to negotiate the image of the country and its inhabitants through the tension between historical national narratives and idealised standards of what is expected from a modern nation in relation to the world scene. To do it so, firstly, we have identified and discussed a series of nationalistic historical core narratives which - in different periods of Brazilian history - were crafted to contextualise Brazil and Brazilians within western modernity. Nonetheless, as we understand that there is a myriad of different ways of experiencing and representing a continental nation filled with regional contrasts as Brazil, we also have contextualised the representation of the cultures of different Brazils within dominant narratives of Brazilian-ness. Once we have delineated such nationalist and regionalist narratives, we were able to identify them in the content analysis of the audio-visual material of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics such as posters, logos, mascots, ceremonies and so on. The adoption, rejection or negotiation of these narratives in the aforementioned ceremonies do not only tell us how the architects of these events understood and projected the nation’s image abroad, but also unveiled their perception of Brazilian-ness and modernity. What is more, the analysis has also exposed the organising committees’ judgment of the role that the cultures of different regions play in their idea of the nation as well as their understanding of how different peoples – as the Luso-Brazilians, the Afro-Brazilians, the Amerindians, etc - have contributed to the formation of the nation.
Dans cette thèse, nous analysons comment les commissions d’organisation de la Coupe du Monde de la FIFA 2014 et des Jeux olympiques d’été 2016 ont utilisé ces méga-événements pour négocier l’image du pays et de ses habitants en utilisant la tension entre les récits historiques nationaux et les modèles idéalisés de ce qu'on attend d’un pays moderne et de sa position sur la scène internationale. Premièrement, nous avons identifié et discuté une série de récits nationalistes qui - au cours de différentes périodes de l’histoire du Brésil - ont été élaborés comme des moyens de contextualiser le Brésil et les Brésiliens au sein de ce que l’Occident considérait comme moderne. Cependant, sachant qu'il existe de nombreuses façons différentes de vivre et de représenter une nation continentale regorgeant de contrastes régionaux comme le Brésil, nous contextualisons également la représentation des cultures de différents Brésils dans les récits dominants de la brésilité. Une fois ces récits nationalistes et régionalistes définis, nous avons pu les identifier dans l'analyse du contenu du matériel audiovisuel de la Coupe du monde de 2014 et des Jeux olympiques de 2016 - par example, dans les affiches, des logos, des mascottes, des cérémonies, etc. L’adoption, le rejet ou la négociation de ces récits dans les cérémonies mentionnées nous indique non seulement comment les architectes de ces événements ont compris et projeté l’image de la nation à l’étranger, mais aussi comment ils ont révélé leurs perceptions à propos de la brésilité et aussi de la modernité. En outre, l’analyse a également exposé les points de vue des comités d’organisation sur le rôle que jouent les cultures des différentes régions du Brésil dans leurs idées sur la nation, ainsi que leur compréhension de la façon dont différents peuples qui habitent le pays - tels que les descendants de portugais, africains, amérindiens, etc. – ont contribué à la formation de la nation.
Nesta tese, analisamos como as comissões organizadoras da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014 e os Jogos Olímpicos de verão de 2016 usaram esses megaeventos para negociar a imagem do país e seus habitantes utilizando da tensão entre narrativas nacionais históricas e padrões idealizados do que se espera de uma nação moderna e da sua relação com a cena internacional. Para tanto, em primeiro lugar, identificamos e discutimos uma série de narrativas nacionalistas que - durante diferentes períodos da história brasileira - foram elaboradas como formas de contextualizar o Brasil e os brasileiros dentro do que o ocidente considerava moderno. No entanto, como entendemos que há uma infinidade de diferentes formas de vivenciar e representar uma nação continental repleta de contrastes regionais como o Brasil, também contextualizamos a representação das culturas de diferentes Brasis dentro narrativas dominantes da brasilidade. Uma vez delineadas tais narrativas nacionalistas e regionalistas, pudemos identificá-las na análise de conteúdo do material audiovisual da Copa do mundo de 2014 e dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016 – tais como cartazes, logotipos, mascotes, cerimônias e assim por diante. A adoção, rejeição ou negociação dessas narrativas nas cerimônias mencionadas não só nos dizem como os arquitetos desses eventos entenderam e projetaram a imagem da nação no exterior, mas também como revelaram as suas percepções de brasilidade e de modernidade. Além disso, a análise também expôs as visões das comissões organizadoras sobre qual é papel que as culturas de diferentes regiões brasileiras desempenham nas suas idéias a respeito da nação, bem como os seus entendimentos de como diferentes povos que habitam o país – como os descedentes de portugueses, africanos, ameríndios, etc. - contribuíram para a formação do Brasil

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Malanski, Daniel de Souza. "Narratives of Brazil – Brazilian Identity representations in International Mega-Events – the cases of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA037.

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Dans cette thèse, nous analysons comment les commissions d’organisation de la Coupe du Monde de la FIFA 2014 et des Jeux olympiques d’été 2016 ont utilisé ces mégaévénements pour négocier l’image du pays et de ses habitants en utilisant la tension entre les récits historiques nationaux et les modèles idéalisés de ce qu'on attend d’un pays moderne et de sa position sur la scène internationale. Premièrement, nous avons identifié et discuté une série de récits nationalistes qui - au cours de différentes périodes de l’histoire du Brésil - ont été élaborés comme des moyens de contextualiser le Brésil et les Brésiliens au sein de ce que l’Occident considérait comme moderne. Cependant, sachant qu'il existe de nombreuses façons différentes de vivre et de représenter une nation continentale regorgeant de contrastes régionaux comme le Brésil, nous contextualisons également la représentation des cultures de différents Brésils dans les récits dominants de la brésilité. Une fois ces récits nationalistes et régionalistes définis, nous avons pu les identifier dans l'analyse du contenu du matériel audiovisuel de la Coupe du monde de 2014 et des Jeux olympiques de 2016 - par example, dans les affiches, des logos, des mascottes, des cérémonies, etc. L’adoption, le rejet ou la négociation de ces récits dans les cérémonies mentionnées nous indique non seulement comment les architectes de ces événements ont compris et projeté l’image de la nation à l’étranger, mais aussi comment ils ont révélé leurs perceptions à propos de la brésilité et aussi de la modernité. En outre, l’analyse a également exposé les points de vue des comités d’organisation sur le rôle que jouent les cultures des différentes régions du Brésil dans leurs idées sur la nation, ainsi que leur compréhension de la façon dont différents peuples qui habitent le pays - tels que les descendants de portugais, africains, amérindiens, etc. – ont contribué à la formation de la nation
In this thesis, we have analysed how the organising committees of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics have used these mega-events to negotiate the image of the country and its inhabitants through the tension between historical national narratives and idealised standards of what is expected from a modern nation in relation to the world scene. To do it so, firstly, we have identified and discussed a series of nationalistic historical core narratives which - in different periods of Brazilian history - were crafted to contextualise Brazil and Brazilians within western modernity. Nonetheless, as we understand that there is a myriad of different ways of experiencing and representing a continental nation filled with regional contrasts as Brazil, we also have contextualised the representation of the cultures of different Brazils within dominant narratives of Brazilian-ness. Once we have delineated such nationalist and regionalist narratives, we were able to identify them in the content analysis of the audiovisual material of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics such as posters, logos, mascots, ceremonies and so on. The adoption, rejection or negotiation of these narratives in the aforementioned ceremonies do not only tell us how the architects of these events understood and projected the nation’s image abroad, but also unveiled their perception of Brazilian-ness and modernity. What is more, the analysis has also exposed the organising committees’ judgment of the role that the cultures of different regions play in their idea of the nation as well as their understanding of how different peoples – as the Luso-Brazilians, the Afro-Brazilians, the Amerindians, etc - have contributed to the formation of the nation
Nesta tese, analisamos como as comissões organizadoras da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014 e os Jogos Olímpicos de verão de 2016 usaram esses megaeventos para negociar a imagem do país e seus habitantes utilizando da tensão entre narrativas nacionais históricas e padrões idealizados do que se espera de uma nação moderna e da sua relação com a cena internacional. Para tanto, em primeiro lugar, identificamos e discutimos uma série de narrativas nacionalistas que - durante diferentes períodos da história brasileira - foram elaboradas como formas de contextualizar o Brasil e os brasileiros dentro do que o ocidente considerava moderno. No entanto, como entendemos que há uma infinidade de diferentes formas de vivenciar e representar uma nação continental repleta de contrastes regionais como o Brasil, também contextualizamos a representação das culturas de diferentes Brasis dentro narrativas dominantes da brasilidade. Uma vez delineadas tais narrativas nacionalistas e regionalistas, pudemos identificá-las na análise de conteúdo do material audiovisual da Copa do mundo de 2014 e dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016 – tais como cartazes, logotipos, mascotes, cerimônias e assim por diante. A adoção, rejeição ou negociação dessas narrativas nas cerimônias mencionadas não só nos dizem como os arquitetos desses eventos entenderam e projetaram a imagem da nação no exterior, mas também como revelaram as suas percepções de brasilidade e de modernidade. Além disso, a análise também expôs as visões das comissões organizadoras sobre qual é papel que as culturas de diferentes regiões brasileiras desempenham nas suas idéias a respeito da nação, bem como os seus entendimentos de como diferentes povos que habitam o país – como os descedentes de portugueses, africanos, ameríndios, etc. - contribuíram para a formação do Brasil

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Moyo, Louis Grandgrind. "Brand image legacy of the 2010 FIFA World Cupтм : a long-term assessment." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2717.

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Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
Sport mega-events are a powerful tool for branding nations. There has been a significant shift in countries that bid for and win the rights to host sport mega-events. Historically, Western countries used to be leaders in winning rights to host such events; however a new emerging trend has seen developing countries winning the rights ahead of developed ones, for example, South Africa, Brazil and Russia winning the rights to host the FIFA World CupTM. South Africa faced a serious branding challenge leading up to the 2010 FIFA World CupTM. Therefore, one of the primary objectives of hosting this tournament was to change international tourists’ perceptions of South Africa. There has been limited research on the brand legacies of the 2010 FIFA World CupTM, hence this research examined the brand image legacies of the tournament in the long run. It is believed that the football fans who attended the 2016 UEFA European Championship either visited South Africa during the 2010 FIFA World CupTM or watched the tournament on television (TV) at home, therefore they have certain perceptions of South Africa as a sport tourism destination. A quantitative methodology was employed to survey football tourists at fan parks and stadium precincts in five metropolitan cities in France during the 2016 UEFA European Championship, using a spatially based systematic sampling technique. In total 391 football tourist questionnaires were completed. The key findings reveal that prior to the 2010 FIFA World CupTM, football tourists’ perceptions of South Africa as a sport tourism destination were generally positive; however they indicated that they were very concerned about safety and security, as well as segregation issues, prior to the tournament. It can be argued that the tournament had a significant impact on reinforcing the positive perceptions of the destination as well as reducing the negative perceptions of the destination. The findings reveal statistically significant differences in most aspects between tourists’ perceptions prior to, and six years after, the 2010 FIFA World CupTM. Tourists’ perceptions on most aspects changed positively six years after the event, including those that were major concerns prior to the tournament. The findings also show that there has been very little repeat visitation to South Africa since South Africa hosted the 2010 FIFA Word CupTM. However, an overwhelming majority of respondents indicated that they were willing to travel to South Africa should it host another sport mega-event in the near future. The key findings of this study have a wider applicability to sport mega-events legacy research and body of knowledge. These key findings can assist destination marketers in managing the destination image and foster a greater understanding of brand image legacies of past mega-events in order to inform the bidding and hosting of future sport mega-events.

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Visser, Stephen David. "The socio-cultural impact of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ on Cape Town residents." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1628.

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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Sport Management in the Faculty of Business and Management Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Socio-cultural impact studies of sporting mega-events are very limited and little literature exists on the intangible effects on the residents of the host nation. Nonetheless, several historical examples, such as the 1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa and the 2006 FIFA World Cup™ in Germany, exist and have demonstrated that sporting mega-events can fuel social cohesion and contribute to the nation-building process. Owing to the complex history of South Africa, it was difficult for residents and stakeholders to pre-determine whether the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ would foster social identity and cohesion in the country or if it would contribute to the entrenched social cleavages and lead to negative nationalism such as xenophobia. For this purpose and to provide a platform for longitudinal studies, this study investigated socio-cultural impacts of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ on host residents living in Cape Town and compared the opinions and attitudes of 400 respondents before and after the event using a spatially based stratified random sampling method. In an additional study conducted in Cape Town, 288 South African residents were interviewed during the mega-event, using a purposive sampling method to supplement the findings on the topics of national pride, nation-building and nationalism. Key findings revealed that respondents were very positive about South Africa’s hosting the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ and believed it to be a positive socio-cultural legacy for the country, despite high expectations of socio-cultural benefits and initial concerns and doubts among residents before the event. During the tournament, the respondents also showed high levels of agreement with most statements from Smith’s National Pride Index, indicating a strong connection with their South African identity and high levels of national pride and patriotism. This was further fuelled owing to the heightened sense of euphoria and excitement of hosting this historic mega-event. The study encourages stakeholders to continue with post-event longitudinal research in order to fully understand the changes in the residents’ perceptions and to re-evaluate the long-term socio-cultural legacy impacts on host residents.

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Van, Graan Marteleze. "South African host city volunteers' experiences of the 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa™." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27565.

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The 2010 Fédération Internationale de Football Association’s (FIFA) World Cup (WC) would be the first time that a FIFA WC would be hosted on the African continent. This study was aimed at describing the South African City of Tshwane (COT) general volunteers’ experiences of volunteering at the 2010 FIFA WC. The FIFA Volunteer Programme consists of two groups of volunteers: Local Organising Committee (LOC) volunteers and each Host City (HC) volunteers. The COT volunteers are HC volunteers from the Tshwane Metropolitan Area (TMA). Volunteers are active in a variety of different contexts, namely in the community, volunteers at sport clubs or schools and also at mega sport events. Volunteers make it possible to host a mega sport event because they provide their time and effort without expecting remuneration or they receive a stipend amount. The existing literature of volunteers at mega sport events investigated what motivated volunteers to participate as well as how satisfied the volunteers were with the experience. The aim of this study was to describe COT general volunteers’ experiences of preparing (preparation phase) for the 2010 FIFA WC; COT general volunteers’ experiences during (participation phase) the 2010 FIFA WC, as well as the South African COT general volunteers’ experiences on their involvement (reflection phase) at the 2010 FIFA WC was described. The methodology employed in this study was Descriptive Phenomenology and the Duquesne Phenomenological Research Method was used to analyse the material. The differences between Descriptive Phenomenology and Interpretive Phenomenology were described. The material consisted of a written account as well as an interview, which was based on the essences that were portrayed in the written accounts. There were five participants — three spectator services volunteers and two rights protection volunteers. All of the participants were female. The findings of this study were divided into the preparation phase, participation phase and the reflection phase. In the preparation phase the COT general volunteers described two essences namely, the application process and training. In the participation phase the COT general volunteers experienced four essences namely, the working of shifts, interaction with volunteers, interaction with supervisors and lastly interaction with tourists. In the reflection phase the volunteers described two experiences, growth and value. This research project contributes to sport psychology because this study describes the experiences of volunteers at the 2010 FIFA WC.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Psychology
unrestricted

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Galal, Meenal. "Patient presentations during the 2010 FIFA World Cup: Cape Town, South Africa's public emergency centres." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6559.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
In light of the inconclusive findings highlighted within the literature currently, suggestions have been made that further studies are required in order to gain deeper insight into the dynamics and variables which may influence patient presentation to emergency centres during major sporting events, as well as their significance, if any. The primary aim of the study is to determine what impact the 2010 FIFA World Cup South AfricaTM had on emergency centre presentations. The objective of the study is to conduct a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study utilizing previously collected audit data from emergency centre records during the period of a major sporting event, the 2010 FIFA World Cup South AfricaTM, ie. 11th June 2010 to 11th July 2010. The data of the WC2010 audit will be analysed to assess the presence of any statistically significant differences between analyzed variables within the period in question as compared with the control period (11th June to 11th July 2009), in which there was an absence of such an event. A comparison of the data described, to control periods with an absence of major sporting events may allow insight into whether such events require consideration of staffing requirements, capacity/throughput assessment and contingency planning, or not.

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McMichael, Christopher Bryden. "Green zone nation : the securitisation and militarisation of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001622.

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This thesis explores the relationship between the safety and security measures for the 2010 FIFA World Cup and the militarisation of urban space and policing in post-apartheid South Africa. In particular, it focuses upon how the South African state and FIFA, the owners of the World Cup franchise, worked to present the World Cup as an event which required exceptional levels of security – resulting in a historically unprecedented joint police and military operation across host cities. However, in contrast with previous research on these security measures, this thesis aims to interrogate the political and commercial forces which constructed security and positions them against a backdrop of intensified state violence and social exclusion in South Africa. Concurrently, the South African case was indicative of an international militarisation of major events, with policing operations comparable to national states of emergency. This is representative of the ‘new military urbanism’ in which everyday urban life is rendered as a site of ubiquitous risk, leading to the increased diffusion of military tactics and doctrines in policing and policy. While the interpenetration between urbanism and militarism has often been studied against the context of the ‘war on terror’, in the case of South Africa this has primarily been accelerated by a pervasive social fear of violent crime, which has resulted in the securitisation of cities, the remilitarisation of policing and the intensification of a historical legacy of socio-spatial inequalities. The South African government aimed to use the World Cup to ‘rebrand’ the country’s violent international image, while promising that security measures would leave a legacy of safer cities for ordinary South Africans. The concept of legacies was also responsive to the commercial imperatives of FIFA and a range of other security actors, including foreign governments and the private security industry. However these policing measures were primarily cosmetic and designed to allay the fears of foreign tourists and the national middle class. In practice security measures pivoted around the enforcement of social control and urban marginalisation while serving as a training ground for an increasingly repressive state security apparatus. Security was as much a matter of fortifying islands of privilege and aiding a project of financial extraction as protecting the public from harm.
Microsoft� Office Word 2007
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Brito, Juliana Gomes Machado. "Copa pra quem? Estado de exceção e resistências em torno da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-31072015-164458/.

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O presente trabalho é um estudo dos efeitos da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014, a partir das relações de poder e resistência que se estabeleceram ao seu redor. Ao investigar a produção normativa leis, decretos, portarias e demais normas que se produziram sob a justificativa do megaevento, esse estudo busca descrever de que maneira foi possível introduzir no ordenamento jurídico uma legislação de exceção, entendida aqui como dispositivo de governo. Também, ao descrever a delimitação de zonas de exclusividade comercial no espaço público, busca-se enxergar a maneira como essas normas puderam se territorializar, de modo a garantir a criação de mercado para um grupo de empresas ligadas à FIFA. Por fim, descrevemos as resistências que se articularam em torno da Copa 2014, entendida como campo de gravitação que permitiu colocar o futebol no centro do conflito pelo direito à cidade.
This dissertation consists of a study about the FIFA World Cup 2014 effects, from the power and resistance relations that were established around it. By examining the normative production laws, decrees, edicts and other rules produced under the justification of the megaevent -, this study describes by what means was possible to introduce in the law system a group of excepcion laws, meaning here as a government dispositif. Also, by describing the demarcation of exclusive comercial zones in the public space, the study pursues to look the manner how that rules could be territorialized, aiming to garantee the creation of market for a group of companies linked to FIFA. Finally, we describe the resistance that articulated around the 2014 World Cup, meaning the gravitation field that permitted to put the soccer in the centre of the right to the city\'s conflict.

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Moloi-Siga, Kgothatso. "International media portrayals of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ : an analysis of British and American print media, 2004-2010." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71922.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
Includes bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The onset of democracy in South Africa in 1994 was accompanied by the rise in bids for, and the hosting of sports mega-events so as to accomplish national interests and goals. This was done with the purpose of rebranding the South African image to the international community through national and international campaigns that sought to highlight the country’s aspirant status as a rainbow nation and its pan-Africanist ideals. This study investigates how, as host for the 2010 FIFA World Cup™, South Africa was reported on by two international online media newspapers, The New York Times (United States of America (USA)) and the Guardian (United Kingdom (UK)). The aim is to address an understudied aspect of South Africa’s hosting of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ by reflecting systematically on the tone and content of international media portrayals of the event, both before and during the tournament. The study has two focuses. Firstly, it considers the motives for South Africa’s bid to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup™. Secondly, it appraises the content and nature of reporting in the two overseas newspapers. The study uses a mix of secondary and primary sources, which include academic journals, books, websites, newspaper articles and government and the FIFA websites. The findings of this study suggest that the bid to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ was based on the country’s positive experience from hosting previous sports mega-events. Additionally, South Africa wanted to showcase its commercial maturity, its development of physical infrastructure, and the presence of human skills. The motives underpinning the bid aimed at dispelling and challenging international misconceptions of the African continent. The novelty of an African country bidding to stage and hosting a sport mega-event such as the FIFA World Cup™ resulted in the country gaining extensive international media coverage from The New York Times and the Guardian. The qualitative and quantitative content analysis from these two newspapers yielded some commonality and recurrence of words such as: “stadium”, “tickets”, ‘vuvuzela”, “crime”, and “security”. The differences between the two newspapers were minimal, supporting the liberal-pluralist theoretical claim that the media acts as an agenda setter, and in line with the Marxist theory of the ideological role of the media. Media coverage of sports mega-events is important and influential in determining the way in which the host country is branded, and future studies are necessary to address the
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die koms van demokrasie in Suid-Afrika in 1994 het gepaard gegaan met die toename in tenders en die gasheerskap van megasportgebeure om nasionale belange en doelwitte te bereik. Die doel was die herposisionering van die Suid-Afrikaanse beeld in die internasionale gemeenskap deur middel van nasionale en internasionale veldtogte wat daarna gestreef het om die land se reënboognasiebeeld en sy pan-Afrikanistiese ideale te beklemtoon. Hierdie studie ondersoek hoe Suid-Afrika, as gasheer vir die 2010 FIFA Wêreldbeker, deur twee internasionale aanlynmediakoerante, The New York Times (Verenigde State van Amerika) en die Guardian (Verenigde Koninkryk) uitgebeeld is. Die doel is om die meer onverkende aspekte van Suid-Afrika se gasheerskap onder oë te neem, en voorts om sistematiese peiling te doen van die toon en inhoud van internasionale media-uitbeeldings van die sport gebeurtenis. Die studie het twee fokuspunte. Eerstens word ondersoek ingestel na die motiewe van Suid-Afrika se bod om die 2010 FIFA Wêreldbeker aan te bied. Tweedens beoordeel dit die inhoud en aard van verslaggewing in die twee oorsese koerante. Die studie gebruik ’n mengsel van sekondêre en primêre bronne, insluitend akademiese tydskrifte, boeke, webwerwe, koerantberigte en die regering en FIFA se webwerwe. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie beklemtoon dat die motiewe van Suid-Afrika se bod om die 2010 FIFA Wêreldbeker aan te bied, gegrond was op die bewese positiewe prestasierekord wat die land as gasheer in vorige megasportgebeure opgebou het. Voorts wou Suid-Afrika sy kommersiële volwassenheid, die ontwikkeling van fisiese infrastruktuur, en die teenwoordigheid van mensvaardighede ten toon te stel. Die motiewe vir die bod was ook daarop gemik om internasionale wanopvattings oor die Afrika-vasteland uit te daag en uit die weg te ruim. Die ongekendheid van die aanbied van ’n megasportgebeurtenis soos die FIFA Wêreldbeker deur ’n Afrikaland, het daartoe gelei dat die land uitgebreide internasionale mediadekking in The New York Times en die Guardian geniet het. Die kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe inhoudontleding het getoon dat daar ’n mate van gemeenskaplikheid en herhaling van woorde was, soos: “stadium”, “tickets”, “vuvuzela”, “crime” en “security”. Die verskille tussen die twee koerante was minimaal en ondersteun liberaal-pluralistiese teorie wat die media as ’n agenda steller uitwys. Dit ondersteun ook Marxistiese teorie oor die ideologiese rol van die media. Mediadekking van megasportgebeure is belangrik en invloedryk in die bepaling van die manier waarop die gasheerland as handelsmerk voorgestel word, en toekomstige studies is nodig om die onderbestudeerde aspekte van die 2010 FIFA Wêreldbeker ™ te ontleed. Dit sluit onder andere in, ontleding van die langtermyn ekonomiese, politieke en maatskaplike nalatenskappe van so ’n gebeurtenis.

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Milito, Marcelo Chiarelli. "Fatores que influenciam o apoio dos residentes ? megaeventos: uma an?lise sobre o projeto FIFA WORLD CUP 2014 em Natal/RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18158.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
A presente disserta??o vem na condi??o de realizar um trabalho acad?mico que tenha como objeto a opini?o popular sobre os megaeventos a serem realizadas no Brasil. Um tema recorrente na atualidade devido ao impacto gerado pelos megaprojetos que circundam esses acontecimentos e que mostra car?ncia da perspectiva te?rica espec?fica do turismo. Ao ter como objetivo investigar os fatores que influenciam o apoio dos residentes a megaeventos, buscou-se na intersec??o entre os conhecimentos que tangem a gest?o de projetos e gest?o do turismo uma base te?rica que explique os fatores cr?ticos de sucesso em projetos tur?sticos e o papel da comunidade residente dentro desse processo. A partir de uma an?lise bibliom?trica dos principais peri?dicos do setor, identificou-se modelos te?ricos validados que serviram como base para aplica??o emp?rica da pesquisa, com enfase para Gursoy e Kendall (2006) e Nunkoo e Ramikisson (2011). Foi escolhido como universo da pesquisa os residentes da cidade de Natal/RN, uma das cidades sedes da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014, com a aplica??o de 400 question?rios respeitando os conglomerados urbanos que abrangem distintos perfis da sociedade em foco. Dentre as 11 (onze) hip?teses testadas 7 (sete) foram validadas e 4 (quatro) falseadas, com ?nfase para a confirma??o das hip?teses que comp?e o eixo do modelo, Social Exchange Theory, e o fator Confian?a nos gestores com a correla??o mais representativa nas percep??es e apoio ao megaevento. O presente estudo constata a validade do modelo t?orico aplicado e sugere um aprofundamento te?rico sobre o vetor confian?a, percep??o de benef?cios e apoio

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Cronje, Christelle. "A review of the FIFA world cup 2010 : Cape Town, as conduit to accelerated economic growth." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19805.

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Thesis (MBA) -- Stellenbosch University, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa has been granted a unique opportunity in being nominated as the first African nation to host the FIFA World Cup, and one of the first developing nations to host a global mega sporting event. The successful hosting of this event could provide the country with a global platform to promote the richness, diversity, and vast economic opportunities to the world stage. Economic development and significant global events taking place in South Africa may further contribute to leadership in the continent, and bring increased business and consumer confidence into prominence, as well as increase the leverage of private capital. The South African business and investment environment is in transition from a primary focus on construction, mining, manufacturing in the automotive, timber and steel sectors, to a knowledge economy focusing on sector development of skills training, education , IT and teleccmmunications, and property development. Infrastructure capacity, service delivery and skills shortages and the high rate of structural unemployment impose significant supply-side constraints with regard to the impact on the rate of real GDP growth and how growth is translated into employment opportunities and socio-economic development for the Western Cape and South Africa. Cape Town's position as co-host to selected events in 2009 and 2010 provides the critical window of opportunity to expand infrastructure investment to ensure a truly global destination of choice for investors and tourists. This event offers Cape Town the opportunity to ensure sustainable legacies, especially in terms of transport systems, the creation of a green lung in the midst of the city, improved service delivery and a world class multi purpose facility. All these contribute to the accelerated and shared economic growth of the City of Cape Town and the Province of the Western Cape.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika se nominasie as die eerste land in Afrika om as gasheer vir die FIFA Wereldbeker 2010 op te tree, is 'n unieke geleentheid. Suid-Afrika is ook een van die eerste ontwikkelende lande wat toegewys is om hierdie sport geleentheid aan te bied. Die suksesvolle aanbieding van hierdie geleentheid, kan Suid-Afrika die geleentheid bied om die unieke diversiteite en ryke ekonomiese geleenthede van die land aan die wereld ten toon te stel. Ekonomiese ontwikkeling en hierdie besondere gebeurtenis in Suid-Afrika, mag verder bydra tot die bevordering van leierskap op die kontinent en 'n verhoogde vlak van sake- en verbruikersvertroue wat die verhoging van privaat kapitaalbesteding kan aanmoedig. Die Suid-Afrikaanse sake en investeringsomgewing is in transformasie vanaf 'n primere fokus op konstruksie, myne, en die vervaardigingsbedryf, veral die motor, hout en staal sektore, na 'n kennis gedrewe ekonomie met 'n klemverskuiwing na ontwikkeling binne die sektore, van vaardigheidsopleiding. informasie tegnologie, telekommunikasie en eiendomsontwikkeling. 'n Tekort aan voldoende infrastruktuur-en dienslewering kapasiteit, 'n tekort aan vaardighede, sowel as die hoe koers van strukturele werkloosheid, veroorsaak beperkinge met betrekking tot die impak op die greei van die Bruto Binnelandse Preduk, en hoe hierdie greei snel omgeskakel kan word in werksgeleenthede en sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling vir die Wes-Kaap en Suid-Afrika. Kaapstad se gedeelde posisie as gasheer van spesifieke geleenthede in 2009 en 2010, verskaf die geleentheid om deur middel van die uitbreiding van infrastruktuur investering te verseker dat investeerders en toeriste, Kaapslad as 'n volwaardige globale bestemming beskou. Hierdie gebeurtenis bied ook aan Kaapstad die geleentheid om op 'n volhoubare ontwikkelingswyse 'n besondere nalatenskap te verseker, veral met betrekking tot die vervoerstelsel, die skepping van 'n green long in die middestad, verskerpte dienslewering en 'n wereldklas veeldoelige fasiliteit, wat in totaal bydra tot die versnelde en gedeelde ekonomiese greei van die Stad Kaapstad en die Provinsie Wes-Kaap.

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Maloney, Tichaawa Tembi. "Cameroonian fans' perceptions of the 2010 Fifa World Cup : a case study of Buea and Limbe." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1596.

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Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009
Football is considered one of the most important sports in several of the 53 countries in Africa, with the largest viewership and participation.

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Rossetto, Júnior Adriano José. "Copa do Mundo Fifa - Brasil 2014: realidades, mitos e legados na cidade de São Paulo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19643.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The mega sporting events are, in principle, described as a opportunity to stimulate and boost the sport in the country, a window of opportunity for sports development. In this way, includes-if the educational sport, ensuring the right of sports to all citizens as promulgates the National Constitution of 1988. The objective this thesis was to evaluate the legacy of 2014 FIFA World Cup for educational sport in São Paulo city, identifying, mapping, analyzing and classifying public policies, programs and sports projects developed by the Municipal Secretary of Sports and Leisure of São Paulo (MSSL). The research employed a qualitative approach case study, choosing the educational sport in São Paulo city as the focus. Initially, it undertook a literature review on the theories sociological of Norbert Elias and Pierre Bourdieu and its links with the sociology of sport, in Preuss's study of the legacy of mega sporting events and in Marx's theory about the relation of sport as a commodity. Later a documentary analysis was held, in search of primary sources, leaning up on the Guidelines and Budget Laws of the City and documents of MSSL to analyze the public sports policies, while observing the budgets, programs, projects and sports events realized by MSSL in São Paulo, during the administration of mayors Kassab (2009-2012) and Haddad (2013-2016). Also, there were qualitative interviews with nine employees and former employees of MSSL as a way of getting information that could demonstrate the sports policies of both administrations and the legacy into the organization of FIFA's World Cup - Brazil 2014 into city sports. It was found that during Haddad's management there was a reduction of investments in sport, of activities and also related to the numbers of calls in the projects and programs of the MSSL. As a result we see a shrinkage in the workforce and in the equipments, public sports structures worn and without magnification. Thus, as a positive legacy of the FIFA's World Cup to the sport in São Paulo city was only the new Arena, since the impact on educational sport was negative, with the decadence of School's Club Program. The huge winners of the legacy are the actors who holds more power in the Municipal sports field, ie, politicians, businessmen, show managers who defend the highperformance sports or commodity in fact, the accumulation and capital rise. The MSSL languishes, educational and leisure sport in the largest host cities of the country agonizes which demonstrate that the realization of mega sporting events does not require obligatorily and directly a legacy for sport
Os megaeventos esportivos são, em princípio, descritos como uma oportunidade para estimular e alavancar o esporte no país – uma janela de oportunidades para o desenvolvimento esportivo. Nesse sentido, inclui-se o esporte educacional, assegurando o direito da prática esportiva a todos os cidadãos, conforme promulga a Constituição Nacional de 1988. O objetivo desta tese é avaliar o legado da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014 para o esporte educacional, na cidade de São Paulo, identificando, mapeando, analisando e classificando as políticas públicas, os programas e projetos esportivos desenvolvidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Esporte e Lazer do Município de São Paulo (SEME). A pesquisa empregou a abordagem qualitativa de estudo de caso, escolhendo o esporte educacional na cidade de São Paulo como objeto. Inicialmente, empreendeu-se revisão bibliográfica nas teorias sociológicas de Norbert Elias e de Pierre Bourdieu e seus nexos com a sociologia do esporte, nos estudos sobre legados dos megaeventos esportivos de Preuss e na teoria de Marx sobre a relação do esporte como mercadoria. Posteriormente, realizou-se análise documental, em busca de fontes primárias, debruçando-se sobre as Diretrizes e Leis Orçamentárias da Cidade e documentos da SEME para analisar os orçamentos, programas, projetos e eventos esportivos realizados pela SEME em São Paulo, das gestões dos prefeitos Kassab (2009-2012) e Haddad (2013-2016). Também, realizaram-se entrevistas qualitativas junto a nove funcionários e ex-funcionários da SEME na busca de informações que demonstram as políticas de esporte das duas gestões e o legado da realização da Copa do Mundo FIFA – Brasil 2014 no esporte da cidade. Constatou-se que, na gestão Haddad, ocorreu redução dos investimentos em esporte, diminuição das atividades e no número de atendimentos nos projetos e programas da SEME, encolhimento do quadro de funcionários e equipamentos e estrutura esportivas públicas desgastadas e sem ampliação. Dessa forma, o legado positivo da Copa FIFA para o esporte na cidade de São Paulo somente foi a construção da nova Arena, uma vez que o impacto no esporte educacional foi negativo, com a decadência do Programa Clube Escola. Os grandes vencedores do legado são os atores que detêm mais poder no Campo Esportivo do município, ou seja, os políticos, empresários, gestores do espetáculo, que defendem o esporte de alto rendimento ou mercadoria – na verdade, o acúmulo e ampliação de capital. A SEME definha, o esporte educacional e de lazer na maior cidade-sede do país agoniza, demonstrando que a realização de megaeventos esportivos não acarreta, obrigatoriamente e diretamente, legados para o esporte

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Uwimpuhwe, Denys. "The impact of the 2010 FIFA World Cup soccer tournament on African immigrants in the Western Cape." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1595.

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Thesis (Mtech( Tourism and hospitality management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010
This thesis exams the extent to which the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup will impact on African immigrants in the Western Cape. The study aims to investigate their awareness, expectations, perceptions, and how they would like to be involved in this major event. Between 1 November and 30 November, about a year and a half before the 2010 World Cup starts, 200 immigrants from the African continent who live in the Republic of South Africa completed the survey instrument. The study was conducted in two residential areas, two Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and the Cape Town city centre. A quantitative design using a questionnaire survey was utilised to establish the opinions of the participants. Data analysed by means of descriptive statistics was used to obtain the frequencies, expressed as percentages. The results of this study reveal that African immigrants in the Western Cape are aware of the 2010 World Cup and the different opportunities of hosting it on the African continent. African immigrants have positive perceptions and expectations towards this event. They expect to gain some benefits and are ready to be involved in this major event. This research also proposes a framework that offers simple ideas and suggestions to allow the Local Organising Committee (LOC) to select a suitable level on which to involve African Immigrants of the Western Cape in the 2010 World Cup, as well as the ‘tools and techniques’ to help the LOC to plan, implement and evaluate the right community involvement process. This study could assist in planning and deciding suitable strategies for the Western Cape Province and the 2010 World Cup Local Organising Committee for community involvement in this event. It could assist also in making the 2010 World Cup an African event, by giving it a true African flavour and focus.

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Ponte, William Rezende Alves. "Política e esporte: a copa do mundo 2014 no Brasil." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1036.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Este trabalho se abastece do arcabouço teórico referente à política pública e sua interface com os institucionalismos, para interpretar a realização da Copa do Mundo FIFA no Brasil em 2014. O trabalho é composto de revisão acerca de alguns aspectos históricos e sociais do futebol no País e o contexto que envolve o esporte na atualidade. Elege as principais instituições e atores que interferem na elaboração do projeto público Copa do Mundo no Brasil e os documentos mais relevantes de modo a possibilitar uma interpretação e análise no plano social político e econômico que envolve a realização do evento.
This research is based in the theoretical framework related to public policy and its interface with institutionalisms to interpret the realization of the FIFA World Cup in Brazil in 2014. The paper consists in a review of a number of historical and social aspects of football in the country and the context that surrounds the sport today. It elects key institutions and actors that influence the development of the public project of World Cup in Brazil and the most relevant documents to enable interpretation and analysis in the social, political, and economic ground that surrounds the event.

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Marx, Andrew Morne. "Increasing soft power - a case study of South Africa's bid to host the FIFA 2010 World Cup." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16386.

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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study attempts to determine if South Africa was actively attempting to boost its soft power or symbolic power during the country’s bid to host the Fifa 2010 World Cup. Preceding works dealing with mega-events identified a number of potential benefits to the hosting nation. Some of these benefits include opportunities for development (sport and socio-economic), nation building, urban regeneration, and marketing. Previous works have focused a great deal on economic and nation building aspects of mega-events. The marketing possibility for a host to develop as a tourist destination has also enjoyed some focus. There also exists a large amount of literature dealing with power – its nature, resources and types. There is for instance structural and relational power while, in the traditional sense, wealth and military might may be seen as power resources. However, the importance and maintenance of soft power – or symbolic or co-optive power, as defined in this study – has been greatly overshadowed by the traditional ideas of power and as a result, neglected by International Relations scholars. This study links the marketing potential of mega-events with the deployment of soft power. The case study specifically deals with South Africa’s World Cup bid as a marketing forum for enhancing the country’s soft power. For such an analysis it is necessary to investigate South Africa’s diplomatic status, global position, relationship with the North and South, and power resources. The importance of soft power being essential to South Africa’s specific situation, global position and future, is also investigated. Using the bid for the 2010 World Cup, this study concludes that South Africa was indeed projecting specifically chosen images of the country with the intention of enhancing the country’s soft power. It is furthermore argued that these images are both a reflection and in support of South Africa’s foreign policy and emerging middle power position.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie poog om vas te stel of Suid Afrika doelgerig probeer het om die land se sagte mag te versterk tydens die Fifa 2010 Wêreldbekerbod. Vorige studies oor grootskaalse gebeurtenisse meen dat dit sekere potensieële voordele inhou vir die gasheer. Dit sluit in geleenthede vir ontwikkeling (sport en sosio-ekonomies), nasiebou, en stedelike herlewing en bemarking. Vorige werke het ook meerendeels gefokus op die ekonomiese en nasie-bou aspekte van grootskaalse gebeurtenisse. Die bemarkingsvoordele wat dit inhou vir die gasheer se toerismebedryf is ook gereeld vehandel. Daar bestaan ook vele geskrewe werke oor mag. Verskillende bronne van mag is ondermeer ‘n gewilde onderwerp. Daar is byvoorbeeld strukturele mag en verhoudings mag. Tradisioneel word militêre en ekonomiese vermoëns gesien as bronne van mag. Die belangrikheid van sagte mag of simboliese mag, soos dit in hierdie studie gedefinieër word, is egter tot ‘n groot mate oorskadu deur traditionele idees van mag. Daardeur het Internasionale Betrekkinge akademici dit ook tot ‘n mate afgeskeep. Hierdie studie illustreer die bemarkingspotentiaal wat grootskaalse gebeurtenisse inhou vir sagte mag. Die gevallestudie handel spesifiek oor Suid Afrika se 2010 bod as ‘n potentieële bemarkingsforum vir die bevordering van die land se sagte mag. Die analise het vereis dat Suid Afrika se diplomatieke status, globale posisie, verhouding met die Noorde en Suide, en bronne van mag behandel word. Die belangrikheid van sagte mag vir Suid Afrika se toekoms word ook aangespreek. Die gevolgtrekking is dat Suid Afrika wel gepoog het om sekere gekose beelde na die buiteland te projekteer. Die spesifieke doel met die beelde was om die land se sagte mag uit te brei. ‘n Verdere bevinding is dat die beelde gelyktydig Suid Afrika se buitelandse beleid en ontluikende middel magsposisie gereflekteer het.

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Jones, Bernadine. "Of sunsets, savages, and soccer framing Africa during the final days of the 2010 FIFA World Cup." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11488.

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Representation is fluid;symbolism changes between eras and between news channels. From the negativity of Afro-pessimism and threatening connotations of tribes and rampant warfare, to the notion of untouched wilderness, abundant natural resources, and financial miracles in recent years, Africa has many representations within the media. Sadly, many Africans argue, Western media practitioners tend to present "fatalistic and selectively crude" (Kromah, 2002) representations of Africa, portraying a large and diverse continent as homogeneous (Hammett, 2010), if they represent African realities at all (Golan, 2008). With the FIFA 2010 World Cup held for the first time on the African continent, the Western media spotlight was fixed firmly on South Africa for over a month of continuous, rolling reporting on Western and non-Western news channels. Did this journalism re-engender old stereotypes, symbolism, and language? This study scrutinises five rolling news channels to analyse that very issue, and adds depth and empirical evidence to an under-researched area.

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Gomes, Daniela Simões. "Frames do turismo esportivo no dicionário Copa 2014 - FrameNet Brasil." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1381.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A presente dissertação apresenta a árvore conceptual dos frames que compreendem o cenário do TURISMO_COMO_EVENTO_ESPORTIVO, bem como as combinações sintático-semânticas de unidades lexicais que evocam os referidos frames. Tal trabalho traz uma apresentação dos estudos vinculados ao projeto Copa 2014 FrameNet Brasil, o qual se configura como um produto de inovação tecnológica e tem como principal objetivo desenvolver, em meio eletrônico, um dicionário temático trilíngue (Português - Inglês - Espanhol), destinado a usuários humanos, abrangendo os domínios do Futebol e do Turismo, baseado na Semântica de Frames. (SALOMÃO, M.M.M; TORRENT, T.T.; CAMPOS, F.C.A.; BRAGA, R.M.M. & VIEIRA, M.B., 2011). O projeto Copa 2014 FrameNet Brasil se caracteriza como um desdobramento do macro Projeto FrameNet Brasil que foi desenvolvido na UniversidadeFederaldeJuizdeFora em associação com o InternationalComputerScienceInstitute (EUA), que sedia o ProjetoFrameNet, que existe há mais de 10 anos na Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley, e é liderado pelo professor Charles Fillmore. (FILLMORE, 1982, 1985) O Projeto FrameNet Brasil objetiva criar um recurso lexical on-line disponível para pesquisas sobre o Português do Brasil, baseado na semântica de frames e sustentado por evidência colhida em corpus (FILLMORE, 1982; 1985; GAWRON, 2008; e outros). Para a construção deste dicionário foi utilizada a metodologia top-down, a qual se caracteriza pela busca na FrameNet Americana de frames que atendem à temática proposta pelo mesmo, em conjunto com a metodologia bottom-up do projeto Kicktionary, na qual primeiramente as unidades lexicais (ULs) são identificadas nos corpora e em seguida atribuem-se funções micro temáticas aos elementos sintáticos relacionados e definem- se os frames evocados por aquelas ULs. As sentenças utilizadas na análise foram retiradas dos corpora FIFA e Cetenfolha, utilizando a ferramenta Word Sketch do Sketch Engine. O trabalho de descrição lexicográfica dos frames em questão contribuiu para o objetivo final do Projeto Copa 2014, que é o de descrever as estruturas conceptuais relacionadas ao domínio do Turismo e do Futebol nas três línguas alvo do dicionário.
The following paper intends to present the creation process of the frames TURISMO_COMO_EVENTO_ESPORTIVO as well as combinations of syntacticsemantic lexical units that evoke those frames. This paper brings a presentation of studies related to the project World Cup 2014 FrameNet Brazil, which is configured as a product of technological innovation and has as main objective to develop, electronically, a thematic trilingual dictionary (Portuguese - English - Spanish) for human users, covering the dominance of Soccer and Tourism, based on Semantic Frames. (SALOMÃO, M.M.M; TORRENT, T.T.; CAMPOS, F.C.A.; BRAGA, R.M.M. & VIEIRA, M.B., 2011). The project World Cup 2014 FrameNet Brazil is characterized as a deployment of the macro Project FrameNet Brazil that was being developed at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora in association with the International Computer Science Institute (USA), which hosts the FrameNet Project, which has existed for more than 10 years at the University of California in Berkeley, and is led by Professor Charles Fillmore. The Project Brazil FrameNet aims to create a lexical resource available online for research on the Brazilian Portuguese, based on the semantics of frames and supported by evidence collected in corpus (FILLMORE, 1982, 1985; Gawron, 2008, and others). For the construction of this dictionary the top-down methodology was used, which is characterized by the American FrameNet pursuit of the frames that answer to the theme proposed by such, along with the bottom-up methodology of the Kicktionary project, in which first the lexical units (ULs) are identified in the corpora and afterwards micro thematic functions are ascribed to related syntactic elements and the frames evoked by those ULs are set up. The sentences used in the analysis were taken from the FIFA corpora and Centenfolha, using the tool Word Sketch from Sketch Engine. The paper about description of lexical frames in matter contributed to the ultimate goal of the 2014 World Cup Project, which is to describe the conceptual structures related to the dominance of Tourism and Soccer in the three target languages of the dictionary.

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M'rithaa, Mugendi Kanampiu. "Mainstreaming universal design in Cape Town: FIFA 2010 World Cup(tm)-related activities as catalysts for social change." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1337.

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Thesis (DTech(Design)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009
Universal Design (UD), as it is known in the USA and elsewhere, is an inclusive approach to designing for the broader population and is rapidly gaining popularity amongst design practitioners and planners globally. Similar non-exclusive approaches have evolved in diverse parts of the world to counter the systemic disablement and exclusion of vulnerable/special populations of users perpetuated by traditional approaches to design. The transdisciplinary field of UD is informed by concilience in accommodating a wide range of related fields, such as education, landscape architecture, architecture, town and regional planning, industrial/product/three-dimensional design, furniture design, interior design, communication/information/graphic design, interaction design, human-computer interaction (HCI)/usability studies, and ergonomics/human factors engineering. UD proposes a collaborative systems approach that benefits from the synergies of cross-functionalism by approaching the diverse challenges facing society through socially responsible design. In so doing, UD can potentially impact such diverse issues as health, transportation, inclusive education, sports and recreation, entertainment, social welfare, inclusive employment, transgenerational/lifespan housing, inclusive tourism, accessibility, safety, and ecological concerns on sustainability.

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Carlson, Andrew F. "Small Business and the 2010 FIFA World Cup: The Use of Communication Technology in South African Micro-Enterprise." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1273587777.

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Svensson, Sofia. "South Africa 2010 and beyond : A study of how the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup affects South Africa's environmental efforts." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2483.

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The study investigates South Africa’s actions and efforts within environmental and climate issues in relation to the country’s hosting of the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup. The investigation is conducted by applying idea analysis on the empirical material in order to highlight what ideas South Africa might have when it comes to environmental and climate related measures in connection to the World Cup. The two theories of Behavioralism and Rational Choice are to be compared in order to reveal the true reasons for South Africa’s environmental actions. In addition, an own-formulated hypothesis which claims that measures within environmental issues are improved due to the 2010 World Cup is tested against the empirical material. Results are presented as a review over what is being done today within environmental and climate issues in South Africa and these answers are then connected to the World Cup as it is analyzed concerning how the event affects the country’s policies and efforts within these areas. Finally, a concluding discussion states what role environmental and climate issues have in connection to a major sporting event such as the 2010 FIFA World Cup and how South Africa administers this opportunity to act accordingly and present itself to the rest of the world.

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Sörensen, Mascha. "Nation branding through mega-events and the impact on tourism development in the host country: a study on the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17251.

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Nation branding has recently gained importance as countries strive for a global competitive advantage to attract worldwide tourists, foreign direct investment and talented workforce, and to enhance consumer preferences for its exported products. The significance for Brazil of having hosted the two most important sport mega-events, the 2014 Football World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympic Games, within two years is discussed in detail. The objective of the exploratory research here presented is to understand the perception of Brazil internationally (measured as nation brand) and to determine whether primarily the 2014 World Cup had an impact on the nation brand as possibly also on the tourism activities in the country. A methodology of a single case study has been applied. Main sources of information were secondary data from websites and tourism and event related journals, as well as quantitative data from nation branding indices and official tourism statistics. The most insightful data source was provided by seven interviews with experts in the field of nation branding, events and tourism business. The research suggests that the World Cup had two-sided effects. Increased international awareness, hospitality and improvements in perception of culture and people in Brazil are positive results that were partly restrained by negative images of corruption, insecurity and social problems. The World Cup overall resulted in positive outcomes in the tourism industry. Despite being beneficial in many aspects, the mega-events happened at a difficult economic and political time in Brazil. Together with persistent deficiencies of the international sport organizations, these circumstances further hindered lasting legacies and international reputation. The findings therefore are not straightforward. They are rather based on a complex discussion which identifies positive contributions of the events to destination branding and possibly to the development of the nation branding strategy of Brazil.
A consideração da marca-nação recentemente tem ganhado grande importância com países se esforçando para alcançar uma vantagem competitiva global, atrair turistas de todo o mundo, investimento estrangeiro direto e uma força de trabalho qualificada, além de melhorar as preferências dos consumidores por seus produtos exportados. A importância para o Brasil em ter hospedado os dois mais importantes mega-eventos esportivos no prazo de dois anos, a Copa do Mundo de 2014 e os Jogos Olímpicos de 2016, é discutida em detalhe. O objetivo da pesquisa exploratória aqui apresentada é entender a percepção internacional do Brasil (medida como marca-nação) e determinar se principalmente a Copa do Mundo de 2014 teve um impacto positivo na marca-nação e também nas atividades de turismo no país. A metodologia de um estudo de caso específico foi aplicada. As principais origens de informações foram dados secundários de sites e revistas relacionados a turismo e eventos, bem como dados quantitativos de índices de marca-nação e estatísticas oficiais de turismo. A fonte de dados mais significante foi obtida em sete entrevistas com especialistas no campo da marca-nação, eventos e turismo. A pesquisa sugere que a Copa do Mundo teve efeitos de dois lados. Aumento da consciêntização internacional, hospitalidade e melhorias na percepção da cultura e das pessoas no Brasil são resultados positivos que foram parcialmente restringidos por imagens negativas de corrupção, insegurança e problemas sociais. De forma geral, a Copa do Mundo apresentou resultados positivos na indústria do turismo. Apesar de serem benéficos em muitos aspectos, os mega-eventos aconteciam em um momento difícil para o Brasil, econômico e políticamente. Juntamente com deficiências persistentes das organizações desportivas internacionais, estas circunstâncias impediram ainda mais os resultados duradouros e a reputação internacional. Os resultados, entretanto, não são simplórios. Pelo contrário, são baseados em uma discussão complexa que identifica contribuições positivas dos eventos para a marca de destino e possivelmente para o desenvolvimento uma estratégia da nação-marca no Brasil.

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Makda, Tahira Jehan. "Assessing management of risks in the event industry by 2010 with reference to the City of Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1594.

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Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008.
Research shows that Cape Town has become one of the most popular and prestigious destinations to visit and has opened its doors to minor and major events worldwide. Successful annual events that have become established in Cape Town, nationally and internationally, include events such as the Cape Town International Jazz Festival, Cape Outdoor Adventure and Travel show, Community Chest Carnival, Design Indaba, Design for Living, Homemakers Expo, Cape Argus Cycle Tour, as well as the Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon and the Cape Town International Kite Festival. Venues such as the Cape Town International Convention Centre have become an international trademark and host large events such as the World Diabetes Conference. These events and venues have placed Cape Town in the world’s top ten destinations to visit. Cape Town is currently preparing for the 2010 Soccer World Cup which places much focus on Risk Management and Compliance. Risk Management concerns predictions and preventions and is described as a process of continuous improvement, which is directed towards effective management of potential opportunities and adverse effects that would impact the event. Risk management plays an important role in the planning and organising of these major events. The aim of this study has determined what the common risks were that event stakeholders within the City of Cape Town have found difficult to manage and have regularly encountered. Risk Management has become one of the most important operational domains within the Event Industry within Cape Town, as well as on a global scale. Since Cape Town has become a global player within the events arena, in terms of major events, much focus has been on risk responsibility and accountability.

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Ntloko, Ncedo Jonathan. "Multi-stakeholder approach to planning into 2010 FIFA World Cup initiatives : a case of a non-host area in South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2365.

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Thesis (DTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.
The hosting of mega-events such as the 2010 FIFA World CupTM create expectations from the host nation, especially in the host cities. This is largely due to the impacts associated with the hosting of such events. Planning is perceived to be at the centre of successful hosting of such events. Planning also assists in making sure that benefits from such events are maximised and costs minimised. Events like the 2010 FIFA World CupTM do not only require high level planning but also a multi-stakeholder approach. With South Africa and the continent hosting the FIFA World CupTM for the first time since its inception, expectations were rising from both host and non-host areas. The study investigates a multi-stakeholder approach to planning on the 2010 FIFA World CupTM initiatives conducted by a non-host area - Cape Winelands District Municipality (CWDM), Western Cape, South Africa. The location of the CWDM is less than 45 minutes from the host city (Cape Town). By virtue of its close proximity, the CWDM positioned itself to leverage from the event as a result of possible spill-over effects. The study was driven mainly by five objectives. These include the identification of 2010 FIFA World CupTM planning initiatives, assessment of planning initiatives in relation to beneficiation of local municipalities, gaining an understanding of ways in which various stakeholders are involved in the planning initiatives, ascertaining ways in which various stakeholders perceive the benefits/spill-over effects and examining the alignment, integration and co-ordination of the 2010 FIFA World CupTM planned initiatives in the CWDM. In pursuing these objectives, both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used in the collection of data. Respondents included residents (n=1 250), established businesses (n=108) and CWDM officials (n=5), using stratified random sampling, convenient sampling and purposive sampling, respectively. A total of 1 363 questionnaires were administered among the respondents of the study.

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39

Hoppe, Solvejg. "All Eyes on Africa : The Representation of South Africa in Transnational Television News during the 2010 FIFA World Cup." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation (JMK), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-59014.

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The reality as we perceive it is shaped by various forms of representation regarding race, ethnicity, gender, class, etc. that are influenced by the media. When in summer 2010 the FIFA World Cup took place in South Africa, the host country was faced with the challenge of being in the international media focus and hence also the object of coverage in transnational television news. For the present study, which is based on the concept of media representations, the relation of sports and news media, previous research on football World Cups in the media and the role of transnational television, newscasts from three transnational broadcasters, BBC World News, CNN International and Al Jazeera English have been analyzed. The study aims to reveal how they depict and frame the host country, which topics were considered to be newsworthy, the differentiation between the country South African and the African continent and whether similarities or differences can be found in the three broadcasters’ coverage. To get answers to the research problem a combination of two methodological approaches, a quantitative content analysis, measuring the frequency of certain key topics, and a more interpretative qualitative discourse analysis of newscasts aired during the World Cup in June and July 2010, has been conducted. The findings suggest that the broadcasters were trying to represent South Africa from different perspectives, reporting about a broad variety of topics going beyond the actual football event, clearly differentiating between the continent and the host country. Nevertheless, the broadcasters’ way of presenting certain topics differs slightly. Hence, the study provides insights into how the broadcasters represented the host country as well as a comparison of their reporting. Moreover, it can function as a basis for future research that, for example, seeks to include the audience’s perception of the mediated image.

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40

Chain, Dion. "Residents’ perceptions of the 2010 FIFA World Cup: a case study of a suburb in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1582.

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Mini-dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Tourism and Hospitality Management in the Faculty of Business at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2009
Sport tourism events have grown in prominence globally. Governments increasingly include these activities into their development and tourism strategies. Notably, there are benefits and costs to hosting sport mega-events. The 2010 FIFA World Cup presents South Africa with tangible and intangible benefits. Communities are one of the most important stakeholders of events. Research investigating residents’ perceptions on impacts of mega-events, especially those residing closest to the event location are limited. This study examined Green Point residents’ perceptions of the 2010 FIFA World Cup and the impacts of the Green Point Stadium. The aim was to investigate the level of awareness, perceptions and attitudes of residents’ living within one kilometre of the Stadium using a spatially based stratified random sampling method. Interviewer completed questionnaires were administered and 344 responses from residents recorded. Findings reveal that residents have high levels of awareness about the event but more could be done to improve communication and the dissemination of information by stakeholders. Although, the stadium location was initially contested, the majority of residents favour the chosen site. Residents’ primary concern about South Africa hosting the event relate to crime, safety and security of visitors. Overall, residents have high expectations’ regarding social and economic impacts. Moreover, residents have positive attitudes towards the country hosting the mega-event and most believe that lasting legacies will be left for the nation. The findings encourage stakeholders to promote active community involvement and participation by using all communication methods available to regularly engage with residents to address and alleviate concerns about perceived negative impacts of the event and future events.

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41

Jenkins, David. "Exploring the signalling potential of mega-sporting events : an analysis of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20535.

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Mega-sporting events such as the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa and the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil have been observed to serve as highly influential tools for the promotion of positive media impressions surrounding the host destination. Drawing from the field of existing knowledge surrounding the sociology of sport, the media and media content analysis, this study reports on a media content analysis conducted on the local news coverage of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in selected South African newspapers. Monitoring coverage over and eight-year pre- and post-event period, the analysis identified five principal themes: stadiums; safety and security; Bafana-Bafana; social-impact; and economic-impact. The findings indicated a cyclical-type shift in conversation, where focus was placed on impressions of host-nation capabilities and readiness in the lead up to the event, to profound euphoria, unity and pride during the hosting stages of the event, and finally onto critical impact and legacy evaluation in the post-event phase. The sentiment of the coverage was largely balanced across all periods, with the total number of positive references only slightly exceeding that of negative references. These findings serve as critical insight to the work of event organisers, media managers and policy developers alike, whom all hold a vested interest in managing the perceived impressions of mega-sporting events. Practical implications for these stakeholders include: i) establishing greater clarity with respect to the overall signalling benefits of mega-sporting; and ii) informing media management campaigns to reinforce the power of mega-sporting events as a positive reference point - especially in the post-event legacy period.

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Naidoo, Deshica. "An investigation into the sustainability of township tourism post the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ - the case of Soweto." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25262.

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This research is a post event study that looks at the experience, challenges and the sustainability of the township tourism industry in Soweto after the 2010 FIFA World Cup ™. South Africa faces the challenge of high unemployment and low economic growth. The awarding of the world cup was seen as a welcome opportunity to address these challenges. Tourism was identified as a sector that could play a huge role. Many partnerships were formed by business and government to maximise the 2010 World Cup experience on the tourism sector. Entrepreneurship and SMME development was seen as a way to get the less skilled active in the tourism economy. This study draws on research of mega events, SMME development and tourism. The findings were that although the tourism industry has had a good world cup experience and most SMME‟s have benefited, the maximisation of this benefit was not achieved. Recommendations include implementing interventions from studies undertaken from end to end, encouraging youth SMME‟s and growing internal tourism. Copyright
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted

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Hendricks, Nuraan. "An evaluation of the 2010 federation of international Football associations (FIFA) World Cup™ on business establishments : a case study of a suburb in Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2364.

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Thesis (MTech (Tourism))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.
Local business concerns and perceptions are generally neglected in relation to mega-event research, as most studies have, so far, focused on the broader economic impacts, as well as on the social impacts, and, more recently, on the environmental impacts of mega-events. South Africa being afforded the opportunity to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ created much excitement for all, and especially so for the business market. This is because the market in question is at the forefront of providing goods and services to the much anticipated increased number of tourists, whether such goods and services consist of the provision of accommodation, food and beverage, or entertainment, as well as ancillary products and services. The focus of the study was on gaining an understanding of the awareness and the impacts of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ on businesses, especially those situated within close proximity of the Cape Town Stadium. The study was conducted three months before, and three months after, the event. The investigation explores the level of perceptions, attitudes, and experiences of the businesses in relation to the 2010 FIFA World Cup™, while simultaneously highlighting their experiences with the event. The primary objective of this approach was to ascertain whether there were any changes between the initial perceptions, and the experiences, among businesses in relation to the event. The five objectives guiding the study involved investigating: (1) business managers’ and owners’ perceptions and experiences of the event; (2) the impacts of the World Cup on businesses; (3) the level of business support for the event; (4) the impacts of leveraging initiatives on businesses; and (5) recommendations aimed at maximising the opportunities granted by future mega-events for businesses. During the pre- and post-event study, a total of 145 surveys were administered to the business owners and managers of SMMEs, using the stratified random sampling method, of which, 72 responded during the pre-event study and 104 during the post-event study.

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Nyikana, Siyabulela. "Visitors’ perceptions of the 2010 FIFA world cup: a case study of the host city Nelson Mandela Bay/Port Elizabeth." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1574.

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Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Tourism and Hospitality Management in the Faculty of Business at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2013
The continent of Africa hosted the FIFA World Cup™ for the first time in 2010. The historical hosting of Africa‟s first mega-event by South Africa was deemed to be a key opportunity to initiate and promote socio-economic legacies for local South Africans. Therefore, the importance of examining visitor experiences and perceptions of the event cannot be overemphasised. The global struggle for competitive advantage, national reputation or nation branding is in recent times more and more significant as countries compete for attention, respect and trust of investors, tourists, consumers, donors, immigrants and media. Assessing visitors‟ experiences can contribute significantly to knowledge management and inform the planning of future events to leverage positive benefits while minimising the negative impacts. In this study, visitors‟ perceptions of the event are examined using Nelson Mandela Bay / Port Elizabeth (one of the nine [9] host cities for the 2010 event) as a case study. A spatially-based systematic sampling technique was used to interview visitors at fan parks and in the Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium precinct during the 2010 FIFA World Cup™. Face-to-face interviews were conducted and in all, two thousand, two hundred and twenty-five (n=2225) visitors were interviewed. The key findings reveal that many of the visitors came from the key tourism source markets of South Africa (the United Kingdom [UK], Germany, the Netherlands, the United States of America [USA] and France), were men and had an average age of thirty three (33) years. They generally had positive perceptions about the hosting of the event and the quality of tourism facilities and services on offer during their stay in Nelson Mandela Bay / Port Elizabeth, and South Africa generally. Additionally, many visitors suggested that the hosting of the event in Nelson Mandela Bay / Port Elizabeth offered an opportunity to experience a different tourism destination, with potential for future repeat visitations. However, the city was found to be a poor responsible tourism destination and as not being a good value-for-money destination. During the event, the Nelson Mandela Bay / Port Elizabeth region arguably drew its biggest international crowd as it usually receives fewer international tourists when compared to other regions in South Africa. The study therefore underscores the need for local tourism authorities to devise strategies aimed at capitalising on the exposure garnered through the hosting of the event and at maximising the opportunity to tap into new tourism markets with a view to increasing international visitation in a province that is said to attract only five percent of South Africa‟s international visitors.

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Oh, Miyoung. "Sport spectacle, globalisation and nation : a case study of South Korean women's narratives of the 2004 Olympic Games and the 2006 FIFA World Cup." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2007. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/sport-spectacle-globalisation-and-nation(4b4ae300-25c7-4fc1-8841-e50938b6431d).html.

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This research interrogates South Korean women’s gender, ethnic and national identity construction revealed through sport spectacle. Two phases of the interviews were conducted for the research: focus group interviews during the 2004 Athens Olympics and individual interviews between March and April 2005, the period of the final qualifying stage for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Newspaper extracts on the Olympics and the football matches were presented in the interviews. The analysis of the women’s identity construction was contextualized in relation to South Korea’s socio-cultural, historical and political networks. Globalisation provides the overall framework for the research. Globalisation has dramatically transformed the way people construct their relations to themselves, others and their nation. The research explored how the interviewed women produced and reproduced the meanings and values of the sport events and sport games in search for a sense of security and certainty in the ever-shifting global context. Their struggles to ‘live’ in the new social milieu, a process of reterritorialisation, were also analysed. Moreover, the women’s relationships with North Korea were examined based on the concepts of the ethnic identity and also of the nation as a historical community with shared culture, tradition and history. Although infamously labeled internationally as part of the ‘axis of evil’, North Korea provided a source of ambiguous identity to the interviewees. The women’s perceptions of Japan, South Korea’s old enemy, were also investigated around the themes of postcolonial identities. In addition, the research demonstrated the women’s gendered perceptions of sportswomen and sportsmen and an idea of nationhood represented by them.

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Cesar, Nathaly Barbieri Marcondes [UNESP]. "A ordem dos discursos do Futebol Arte brasileiro: um estudo sobre a divulgação da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014 pelas emissoras de TV aberta." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144259.

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Diante da constante representação em diversos produtos midiáticos de que o futebol brasileiro seria caracterizado como o “futebol arte”, e do surgimento de recentes estudos acadêmicos que problematizam ou que recusam esta caracterização quando se observa o futebol nacional, especialmente a partir da década de 1970, este trabalho teve como objetivo tentar entender como o primeiro discurso ainda se mostra hegemônico em nossa sociedade. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que pretendeu compreender como se formaram as diferentes falas a respeito deste esporte no Brasil, bem como quais influências elas receberam das diferentes esferas sociais, o trabalho procurou verificar como a mídia se tem apropriado da visão fundada por Gilberto Freyre (1938) a respeito do “futebol arte” com fins de persuasão dos telespectadores, auxiliando, desta forma, que esta ideia continue sendo propagada, embora existam discursos atuais na academia que procurem desmistificá-la. Para isso, foram utilizadas as classificações propostas por Foucault (1999) para possíveis formas de exclusão ou interdição de discursos, presentes em sua obra A Ordem do Discurso. Foram selecionadas para análise três produções audiovisuais desenvolvidas para a divulgação do evento: o videoclipe da emissora de TV Bandeirantes; a chamada da emissora de TV Globo; e a vinheta da própria entidade organizadora da Copa do Mundo, a FIFA. Os objetos foram analisados de acordo com sua estratégia de construção através da metodologia traçada por Vanoye e Goliot-Lété (2012) e, posteriormente, enquadrados no método de Foucault (1999) para que fosse possível responder ao problema lançado neste estudo: por que o discurso sobre o “futebol arte” ainda parece mais valorizado não só pela mídia, mas pela própria sociedade, se uma segunda formação discursiva mais atual, surgida no meio acadêmico, tem procurado desmistificá-lo?
Given the constant representation in media products that Brazilian football would be characterized as "soccer art", and the emergence of recent academic studies questioning or refusing this characterization when observing the national football, especially from the 1970s, this work aims to understand how the first discourse still shows hegemonic in our society. Through a bibliographic research which intended to understand how the different discourses about this sport in Brazil were formed, as well as what influences they received from different social spheres, this work will try to verify how the media has been appropriating the vision founded by Gilberto Freyre (1938) about the "soccer art" with persuasion purposes, helping in this way, that this idea continues to be propagated, although there are current research in academia looking to demystify it. For this, the proposed classifications were used by Foucault (1999) for possible forms of exclusion or prohibition of discourses, present in his work "The Order of Discourse". They were selected for analysis three audiovisual productions developed for the dissemination of the event: one of the Bandeirantes TV station; one of TV Globo station; and one of the own organizer of the World Cup, FIFA. The objects were analyzed according to its construction strategy through the methodology outlined by Vanoye and Goliot-lete (2012) and, later, were framed in Foucault's method (1999) so that it could respond to the problem launched by this study: why the discourse on the "soccer art" still seems more valued not only by the media but by society itself, if a second more current discursive formation, which emerged in academia, has sought to demystify it?

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Xoyane, Anna. "Perceptions of productivity on service delivery during the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup : a case of Sedibeng District Municipality / Xoyane Anna." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10402.

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A number of government initiatives have been established over recent years (1994- 2010) to address the challenge of raising overall quality of life by improving productivity in South Africa. High productivity at a municipal level contributes to the overall productivity of the national economy, which in turn helps to create higher living standards. Workplace productivity refers to how efficiently and effectively an institution can turn its inputs, such as labour and capital, into outputs, such as products and services. Finding ways to increase productivity is a task that can be both frustrating and time consuming. Sedibeng District Municipality (SDM) as one of the South African local municipalities required to meet the development mandate for improving the lives of the people. Mega-events such as the FIFA 2010 Soccer World Cup in South Africa are perceived as an inhibiting factor towards service delivery. SDM is also challenged to complement the requirements of the FIFA 2010 Soccer World Cup to its daily activities. There are mixed opinions about the event. There are misconceptions about mega-events such as the FIFA World Cup, whereby managers estimated that there will be lost hours of productivity. Some managers predicted that a strong performance by the SDM would help the municipality’s ailing economy through boosted sales for beverages, food and the team's apparels. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the perceptions of productivity on service delivery during the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup at SDM. Exploration was also made on whether the effective strategic planning can help to improve productivity for future mega events such as the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup. As a result to this, a hypothesis was developed that “a focused effort and strategic approaches to increase workplace productivity during mega events (2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup) in SDM is essential, towards continuous improvement of municipal management and operations in order to deliver sustainable competitive advantage”. The hypothesis and research objectives of the study were validated by means of a literature review and empirical surveys and, in so doing open-ended and closed-ended estionnaires were used to interview participants. For the achievement of the primary objective of the study, five chapters were structured to realize the objectives of this study. This was done through a literature review by means of interviews and questionnaires to the SDM and its community members. A sample of 60 community members and municipal employees were consulted for this study. The research findings highlighted the outcomes of the research and verified the assertions made in this study. The study found that: • Productivity plays an important role in municipal service delivery, and it should be a priority and primary objective towards effective service delivery in all municipalities. • Productivity growth is important because, as a key driver of real GDP growth, it improves the prosperity and living standards of the population in SDM. • The absence of an effective strategy may lead to lack and low productivity • Strategic plan in the SDM plays an important role in ensuring sustainable delivery of services. • The impact of the FIFA 2010 World Cup, were minimal, whereby the plans of SDM were incorporated in the Integrated Development Plan for 2006-2010. • The event boosted the moral of community members and for small businesses in SDM. The study concludes with a series of recommendations for an effective public participation process in poverty alleviation programmes for communities, and for further research.
M, Development and Management, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012

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Daniels, Tracy. "An investigation into 2010 FIFA World Cup™ planning: a case study of the Eden District Municipality, Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1610.

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Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology in Tourism and Hospitality Management in the Faculty of Business at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012
Sport tourism, mega-events and the impacts thereof, especially in developing countries, have, in the past, tended to have been overlooked academically. This study investigated 2010 Federation of International Football Associations (FIFA) World Cup™ initiatives in the Eden District Municipality (EDM), Western Cape, South Africa, which is situated between the host cities of Cape Town and Port Elizabeth. The research investigated whether or not planning initiatives being conducted by the district and individual towns in the region were integrated or not, with special reference to the accommodation sector. The sector was the focus of the research, as most plans being conducted in the region were centred on the development of team base camps as accommodation satellites for travelling spectators. The research design consisted of self-administered electronic questionnaires, which were sent to a sample of 587 accommodation establishments. From the survey, a response of 251 valid questionnaires were received. In addition to the questionnaires, five key informant interviews were conducted with representatives from towns in the EDM. The findings indicated that, although stakeholders in the EDM were interested in becoming involved in 2010 FIFA World Cup™ planning, and despite the majority being involved in planning initiatives, little information reached the accommodation establishments in the region. As a result of such paucity of information, establishments were embarking on their own planning initiatives, which were not in conjunction with those being conducted by the EDM. The research also showed that awareness levels of plans being conducted by various stakeholders in the region were very low and that accommodation establishments knew very little about the plans concerned. Moreover, there was scant awareness of the roles of various stakeholders and involved parties in the region. The research established that, although a large number of establishments were aware of the services offered by MATCH Event Services Pty, which was appointed by FIFA to administer its Tour Operator Programme on its behalf, not many had registered with the body, due to any one or more of a range of reasons. Key informant interviews conducted as part of the study found that most of the above-mentioned respondents were working on projects in conjunction with other stakeholders, rather than in isolation, and that the level of buy-in from accommodation establishments was not very high. The majority of key informants agreed that there had not been sufficient or significant communication about the event from the EDM or from local municipalities and that the initiatives of which they were aware lacked a strong legacy focus. From the research conducted, recommendations made were that there should be a more consolidated marketing and planning effort for all towns in the EDM concerned with an event of this nature, while the individual needs, offerings and the nature of each of the towns should still be considered. Planning initiatives in a district municipality should involve all levels of stakeholders, and both communication channels, as well as the roles and responsibilities of all parties involved, must be clearly defined. In planning for the hosting of such an event as the FIFA World Cup™, the long-term needs of the area and the legacy of the event should be the main considerations in ensuring community development and sustainability radiating from the event.

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Knott, Brendon Kevin. "The strategic contribution of sport mega-events to national branding : the case of South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World Cup." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2015. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/22504/.

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Nation branding is an emerging and contested discourse at the convergence of diverse fields such as business management, tourism, social and political sciences. Sport mega-events have previously been associated with some degree of brand-related benefits for the host nation. However, there have been no studies that have clearly revealed these opportunities or investigated their impact on the development of brand equity for a nation. Furthermore, no studies have examined the inherent characteristics of a sport mega-event that create such opportunities. The contemporary emphasis on the ability of sport mega-events to deliver legacies also raised the question of how nation branding benefits can be sustained post an event. While sport mega-event leveraging studies have begun to emerge, none of these has focused on the manner in which brand stakeholders can leverage and sustain nation branding opportunities specifically. This study therefore aimed to identify the strategic branding opportunities created by a sport mega-event for a host nation and to indicate how brand stakeholders could leverage and sustain these opportunities. The study used a mixed methods, sequential, qualitative-dominant status design (quan → QUAL). The case of South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World Cup was selected as the study context, as it represented an emerging nation that specifically stated its aim of using the sport mega-event to develop its brand. In order to assess brand image perceptions and the degree to which these were impacted by the mega-event, a quantitative study investigated international visitors’ nation brand perceptions during the event (n=561). Informed by the results, a qualitative study was designed to elicit the experiences, lessons and insights of selected, definitive nation brand stakeholders and experts (n=27), with whom in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted, two to three years post the event. This study clearly identifies the strategic manner in which a sport mega-event creates equity for a nation brand. Furthermore, it reveals the inherent characteristics of a sport mega-event that create such opportunities. It also challenges the conceptualisation of legacy, rather promoting the strategic activities of stakeholders in order to sustain event benefits. The findings will assist policy makers and stakeholders to leverage the opportunities created by an event more effectively and make more informed policy decisions regarding the bidding and hosting of events.

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Araujo, Gabrielle Oliveira de. "Por que criticam? : etnografia do conflito pela moradia popular em tempo de Copa do Mundo FIFA na cidade de Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/116493.

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Esta pesquisa analisa o conflito urbano em torno da realização da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014 no Brasil. Tal conflito teve inicio no ano de 2010, quando as promessas governamentais em torno de um Projeto de Nação passaram a se materializar em projetos e planos urbanísticos de qualificação da infraestrutura local para a realização do evento esportivo. As reconfigurações políticas, sociais e jurídicas dos processos decisórios estatais provocam um amplo processo de deslocamento compulsório em escala nacional. É a partir desta problemática que um conjunto de organizações plurais passa a se articular na construção de um processo de crítica aos significados e à legitimidade das intervenções estatais para a Copa 2014, dando origem à Articulação Nacional dos Comitês Populares da Copa. Tal conflito se expressa a partir da denúncia das remoções forçadas, as quais dão início a embates públicos acerca do direito à moradia. Deste modo, esta pesquisa acompanha os desdobramentos deste conflito a partir do acompanhamento do ponto de vista e da dinâmica de atuação do Comitê Popular da Copa em Porto Alegre, buscando compreender como se deu a construção e publicização das críticas que fundamentam as diferentes formas de resistência à moradia popular às remoções relacionadas aos projetos da Copa do Mundo 2014 na cidade de Porto Alegre. Ancorando-se numa perspectiva etnográfica da política vivida embasada na abordagem pragmatista, a qual aposta na instabilidade do social e na existência de uma pluralidade de formas de interpretar situações de disputa, objetiva-se deslocar a pesquisa do plano normativo para a ênfase de dinâmicas políticas e de diferentes sentidos mobilizados em torno da moradia para os sujeitos em contextos situados.
This research analyzes the urban conflict around the organization of FIFA 2014 World Cup in Brazil. The conflict began in 2010, when the government promises around a Nation Project began to materialize in projects and urban plans of qualification of local infrastructure to carry out the sporting event. The rearrangements in political, social and legal state decision-making processes cause a broad process of compulsory displacement nationwide. It is from this problem a set of plural organizations is to articulate the construction of a process critical to the meaning and legitimacy of State intervention for the 2014 World Cup, leading the National Coordination of Popular Committees Cup. This conflict is expressed from the denunciation of forced evictions, which initiate the public clashes on the right to housing. Thus, this research followed the developments of this conflict from the monitoring point of view and the dynamics of operation Cup People's Committee in Porto Alegre, trying to understand how gave the construction and publicity of the critical underlying the different forms of resistance the affordable housing removals related to the projects of the World Cup 2014 in Porto Alegre. Anchoring is an ethnographic perspective of the lived policy grounded in pragmatic approach, which invests in social instability and the existence of a plurality of ways of interpreting situations of dispute, the objective is to move the normative level research for the emphasis of political dynamics and different meanings mobilized around the house to the subject in situated.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'FIFA World Cup 2014'

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