To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Fifth hierarchical level of CLC.
Journal articles on the topic 'Fifth hierarchical level of CLC'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Fifth hierarchical level of CLC.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Falťan, Vladimír, František Petrovič, Ján Oťaheľ, et al. "Comparison of CORINE Land Cover Data with National Statistics and the Possibility to Record This Data on a Local Scale—Case Studies from Slovakia." Remote Sensing 12, no. 15 (2020): 2484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12152484.
Full textAbstract:
Monitoring of land cover (LC) provides important information of actual land use (LU) and landscape dynamics. LC research results depend on the size of the area, purpose and applied methodology. CORINE Land Cover (CLC) data is one of the most important sources of LU data from a European perspective. Our research compares official CLC data (third hierarchical level of nomenclature at a scale of 1:100,000) and national statistics (NS) of LU in Slovakia between 2000 and 2018 at national, county, and local levels. The most significant differences occurred in arable land and permanent grassland, which is also related to the recording method and the development of agricultural land management. Due to the abandonment of agricultural areas, a real recorded increase in forest cover due to forest succession was not introduced in the official records of Land register. New modification of CLC methodology for identifying LC classes at a scale of 1:10,000 and fifth hierarchical level of CLC is firstly applied for local case studies representing lowland, basin, and mountain landscape. The size of the least identified and simultaneously recorded area was established at 0.1 ha the minimum width of a polygon was established at 10 m, the minimum recorded width of linear elements such as communications was established at 2 m. The use of the fifth CLC level in the case studies areas generated average boundary density 17.2 km/km2, comparing to the 2.6 km/km2 of the third level. Therefore, when measuring the density of spatial information by the polygon boundary lengths, the fifth level carries 6.6 times more information than the third level. Detailed investigation of LU affords better verification of national statistics data at a local level. This study also contributes to a more detailed recording of the current state of the Central European landscape and its changes.
2
Gonçalves, Jader Batista, and Gentil Veloso Barbosa. "Hierarchy of legal norms and the use of new technologies for their consultation in the Electoral Court." Concilium 23, no. 20 (2023): 733–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-2346-23r51.
Full textAbstract:
This article aims to present theoretical and conceptual elements essential to the understanding of the hierarchical structure of the norms within the scope of the Brazilian legal system, to demonstrate the need for the use of technological resources to improve the jurisdictional activity within the scope of the Electoral Justice through system modeling resources that enable the consultation of legislation and normative acts in an efficient and systematized manner. At the methodological level, deductive reasoning was used in the development of theoretical aspects and inductive reasoning in the proposition of the application of a technological nature. The approach was qualitative and interdisciplinary in nature, enabling the analysis of the objects under study and the various dimensions involved in the research. The article was developed in five sections. In the first, the introduction was presented; in the second, theoretical aspects related to the structure of the Brazilian normative order and the hierarchy of legal norms were addressed; in the third session, the normative structure of Brazilian Electoral Law and the challenges for the exercise of jurisdictional activity in the electoral sphere were presented; in the fourth section, a technological application of legislative consultation capable of providing efficiency and systematicity to the jurisdictional action within the scope of the Electoral Justice was proposed; In the fifth section, the final considerations were presented with specific reflections on the theme developed.
3
Hartmann, Christine W., Emma Quach, Shibei Zhao, et al. "ORGANIZATIONAL READINESS TO CHANGE AND NURSING HOME SAFETY: RESULTS FROM A NATIONAL SURVEY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S767—S768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2821.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In nursing homes, safety climate (employee attitudes and beliefs about safety) is a key contributing factor to safety and a potential leverage point for improvement. Yet relatively little is known about how contextual factors such as organizational readiness to change affect safety climate. We sampled employees from 56 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Community Living Centers (CLCs—nursing homes) and conducted an anonymous, cross-sectional web-based survey using the previously validated CLC Employee Survey of Attitudes about Resident Safety (CESARS) and the Organizational Readiness to Change Assessment instrument. From hierarchical mixed random effects regression models, we calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) as the proportion of CLC-level variance over the sum of CLC-level plus residual variance. Each of the CESARS’ 7 safety climate domains was a dependent variable in separate models; employee- and CLC-level factors were independent variables. The survey had a 26% response rate; 1,397 respondents. Mean ORCA scores (1-5 scale, higher better) was 3.3. We began with models containing only employee-level variables. ICC values ranged from 2.34% to 9.85%, suggesting substantial variation in CESARS outcomes. As we dropped insignificant variables and added CLC-level variables to the models, the ICC decreased over 2% in six models, suggesting organizational-level variables accounted for substantial variability. The only independent variable with a significant effect in all 7 models was organizational-level: organizational readiness to change. Unlike many other organizational-level variables, organizational readiness to change is potentially amenable to low-cost interventions such as communication and teamwork interventions, providing viable opportunities to efficiently improve nursing home care.
4
Xu, Jiangyan, and Jiahui Wen. "The Impact of School Competitive Learning Climate on Student Academic Achievement and Non-cognitive Abilities: An Analysis Based on PISA 2022 Data from East Asian Countries and Regions." Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies 51, no. 3 (2025): 235–57. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2025/v51i31823.
Full textAbstract:
East Asian countries and regions often achieve leading global scores in international assessments such as PISA, but simultaneously, students in these regions face significant academic pressure and burdens, which affect their overall development. This study used data from PISA 2022 to explore the impact of the Competitive Learning Climate (CLC) in schools in East Asian countries and regions on students' academic achievement and non-cognitive abilities, and compares the results with a sample from OECD countries. Methodologically, this study selected core indicators from the PISA questionnaire including ability grouping and standardized testing. These variables were systematically integrated into a Competitive Learning Climate Scale through adjusted scoring procedures. Utilizing SPSS 27.0 and Stata 18.0, a two-level hierarchical linear model (HLM) was constructed with quadratic terms incorporated to examine potential nonlinear effects. The results showed that, across the full sample, the CLC had a significant negative impact on both cognitive achievement and non-cognitive abilities. Furthermore, after including quadratic terms, it was found that under an appropriate level of CLC, academic performance may improve, but this improvement did not apply to non-cognitive abilities. Additionally, there was significant heterogeneity between East Asian countries and regions and OECD countries, with the effects of CLC in the former consistently being insignificant. Overall, the CLC had a negative impact on students' comprehensive development, but within a certain range, it still had a positive effect on academic performance. In East Asian countries and regions, the CLC in schools can be seen as an "ineffective" measure that does not promote academic improvement or development. Based on these findings, schools in the future can reduce the level of Competitive Learning Climate to alleviate student burdens, while also exploring more scientifically rational methods for class grouping and testing formats to leverage the positive effects of competition and promote the simultaneous development of academic achievement and non-cognitive abilities.
5
Moravcik, Filip, and Eva Micietova. "Interactive classification and spatial modeling of land cover changes in the Slovak Republic in the period 1990 to 2018." Abstracts of the ICA 2 (October 8, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-2-20-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The current country is the result of changes from the original country, mainly due to human influence. The external appearance of the landscape is represented by landscape cover. Within the EU, the Copernicus program, coordinated by the European Environment Agency (EEA), is dedicated to Earth and environmental monitoring. The outputs of the program are information services based on satellite observations of the Earth and ground-based collection of spatial data - implemented in cooperation with individual Member States of the EU. The Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS) and the collection of geographical information about land cover and land cover changes, land use, vegetation status, water cycles and the energy of the Earth's surface are provided.The Slovak Republic has been involved in the program since 1990. Corine Land Cover (CLC) data are freely available for 1990, 2000, 2006, 2012 and 2018. The CLC legend is a mutual combination of land cover and land use, the highest - third hierarchical level of the CLC classification identifies 44 classes. Data are available in the form of vectors and rasters, with a scale of 1 : 100 000, coordinate system: ETRS89, minimum mapping unit of 25 ha was selected.In this paper, we focus on the identification of the condition and spatial modeling of landscape changes with emphasis on forests. Forests as important carbon sinks are an environmental factor that influences the impact of emissions on the development of greenhouse gases and climate change. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), member countries report changes in land cover categories according to the AFOLU (Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use) classification. For the purposes of estimating greenhouse gas emissions, the AFOLU methodology distinguishes six categories: forest land; cropland; grassland; wetlands; settlements; other areas.The main goal of the paper is the development and presentation of an integrated geographical database of land cover data of the Slovak Republic from CLC datasets (in the period 1990 to 2018), a tool for reclassification of the third hierarchical level CLC and creation of data structures of land use categories according to AFOLU.The specific goal is the development and presentation of an interactive tool - a web application for retrospective assessment of land cover changes from the integrated geographical database according to the CLC classification and interactive assessment of land cover changes according to the AFOLU classification. The outputs of the interactive evaluation of land cover changes will focus on the forest land cover category, evaluation of changes according to adjustable time intervals in CLC and AFOLU and the statistical evaluation of changes.The output is a freely available web application with interactive functionality for datasets, database modeling of land cover changes, statistical evaluation of changes and creation of map outputs. A case study of data processing for the area of the Bratislava region (205 270 ha) in the years 1990 to 2018 (five CLC datasets) is presented. The datasets are suitable for continuously identifying the state of land cover, modeling its changes over time and interpreting land cover change processes over time.
6
Kim, Jong Seok. "Measuring willingness-to-pay for mobile phone features: a multi-region study." Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship 20, no. 2 (2018): 189–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrme-02-2016-0003.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose A method is proposed for handling multi-attribute judgment problems with a large number of attributes such as mobile phone features. To minimize the complication of multi-attributes and reduce the consumers’ choice task burden, this paper aims to suggest an integrated hierarchical survey design (IHSD) with the Kano model. The author compared the utility of mobile phone’s attributes for each market and for customer segment by analyzing empirical data on wear obtained from six Middle East and African countries, five Asia-Pacific countries and three European countries. Based on an IHSD of 10,200 respondents, brand, camera, memory and LTE (4G) play vital roles in all regions. In contrast, Wi-Fi, file-editor, MMS, LCD size and phone type are displayed as the least important attributes. The results of this study were successfully implemented for product planning, product development and marketing strategy in terms of price setting, features prioritizing and optimal designing for new products in the mobile phone company. Design/methodology/approach The first step was to list all possible features with the product planning team, product development team and market research specialists. The second step divided the selected features for designing a mobile phone into subgroups based on their functional characteristics by using the Kano model. The method for classifying features was determined using Kano questionnaire. The third step incorporated a fractional factorial design for the “must-be” choice-based conjoint (CBC) (Oppewal et al., 1994) which includes two factors: whether customers required the “one-dimensional” feature or the “attractive” feature, along with the “must-be” attributes. The consumers who selected the “must-be” features could choose both the “one-dimensional” feature and the “attractive” feature groups or one of the two feature groups in no particular order. Fractional factorial design was applied to both the “one-dimensional” features and the “attractive” features for individual CBCs. Random sequences of the combinations of attribute levels were generated for each of the three types of CBC analyses (“must-be”, “one-dimensional” and “attractive”). At the same time, the fourth step conducted a survey of the individual groups for the conjoint analysis on the functional characteristics of a mobile phone. The analysis of the accumulated data obtained from all the feature groups was completed using conditional logit models as part of the fifth step. In addition, the “must-be” CBC design was linked with the “one-dimensional” and “attractive” CBC designs. The sixth step was to analyze the accumulated results obtained from all the feature groups and estimate the usefulness of each feature’s level in the context of the CBC. Based on the results of the sixth step, the importance and willingness-to-pay of each attribute were estimated in the seventh step. Findings Use of the conjoint important score is aimed to expand the market by finding the different consumers’ needs across the regions. In detail, attributes such as “FM Transmitter”, “Touch screen” and “Health (heart rate)” are considered consumers’ new crucial needs in Europe, which would enable the product to superiorly differentiate itself from others to dominate the current market. On the other hand, it is shown that attributes such as “brand”, “mobile TV”, “external memory”, “mobile tracker” and “4G” are more important in Asia-Pacific. Therefore, if mobile manufacturers develop this sector more, it will grant mobile manufacturers the opportunity to lead the market. The only difference of the Middle East and African consumers is that “NFC” has a higher importance while the rest of the needs are very similar to those of Asia-Pacific. Regarding willingness-to-pay (WTP) among countries, the highest scoring utility, besides brand, appeared to be associated with the camera function in all countries. Especially, relatively low utility value was given in Wi-Fi and File-editer, MMS, LCD size and Phone type. In a value-based approach, the price of a product is based on the perceived valuation by the target customers. The research in the field of pricing is of ample importance. This is because price is the only element of the marketing mix that generates income. All other elements, such as advertising and promotion, product development, selling effort, distribution and packaging, involve expenditures (Monroe, 2003). Regarding among regions, the needs for 3G and the internet-related feature (WAP, Wi-Fi, etc.) in the emerging market are low compared to those for 4G and internet-related feature in the mature market. Also, the needs for productivity and advanced features, such as camera and e-mail, are lower in Asia-Pacific than in Europe. It is therefore recommended that manufactures and marketers of mobile phones should consider producing and selling phones with modern technology features that are more durable and of highly quality. Research limitations/implications The integrated hierarchical survey by function with the Kano model proves to be a highly useful, efficient and accurate methodology for understanding a consumer mobile phone behavior. Although the proposed method was applied to designs of mobile phones in the emerging and mature markets, its accuracy was not compared with the traditionally used methods such as CBC, adaptive conjoint analysis and hybrid method. This is left for further areas of research. Practical implications The results of this research study correspond with previous studies conducted (Pakola et al., 2010; Das, 2012; Malaasi, 2012, 2008; Dziwornu, 2013), which consider the features of mobile phone as a crucial factor in consumer buying decision in all countries. It is significant that this study made huge impact on mobile phone manufacturers in several ways. It has been converted into product development with consumer-oriented approach. The pricing policy has been changed from cost-based pricing into value-based pricing; and marketing strategy has been changed from an unsystematic function into a systematic and consistent one. Originality/value The proposed method with the Kano model proved to be a practical and efficient tool for decision-making, as it helped mobile manufacturers to better understand how customers evaluate and perceive quality attributes. The Kano model was used to explain how the quality attributes can be classified into mainly three categories of perceived quality: “must-be”, “one-dimensional” and “attractive”. It has lots of benefits in terms of cost and time reduction and is expected to bring a great effect into the industrial field.
7
Dukaczewski, Dariusz. "Method of Elaboration of Detailed Existing Land Use (ELU) Map of Poland." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-67-2019.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> During few last years in many European Union countries the growing interest in land use monitoring of the level of details corresponding to the Urban Atlas or CORINE Land Cover level 6 (1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;10&amp;thinsp;000 scale) was observed. This kind of information is very useful for detailed spatial analyses of multifunctional urbanized and/or industrialized areas i.e. for spatial planning. The advent of new, very high resolution satellite data, lidar and UAV multispectral data together with new possibilities of analyses allow to achieve rich, up-to-date spatial information on Existing Land Use (ELU). This kind of information is of great economic significance for public administration of local, regional and central level, as a basis for land use/land cover monitoring and analyses concerning Planned Land Use (PLU). It should be emphasized that public administration in Poland can employ the topographic database (BDOT10k) of level of details corresponding to the 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;10&amp;thinsp;000 scale map for part of these analyses. However, it should be stressed that thematic scope of spatial information needed by public administration is in significant part more detailed or different of this, which is available in the case of topographic database (i.e. information on health and sanitary state of the forests, more in-depth classification of meadows and pastures, areas of natural succession). This way the public administration needs both detailed topographic database and detailed existing land use map, which should be wholly interoperable. The ELU map should also be harmonized with Hierarchical INSPIRE Land Use Classification System (HILUCS). Till now the Polish public administration has access to CORINE Land Cover level 3 data of 1990, 2000, 2006, 2012, 2018 (for the whole territory), 1975 and 1884/1885 CORINE database of Odra river basin, CORINE Land Cover level 4 experimental database of 1995 (for fragments of south-west and south part of Poland), Soil Sealing and HRL databases (for the whole area), Urban Atlas for big cities, as well as Land Use Map of Poland of 1935&amp;ndash;1939 (published in 1969), Land Use Map of Poland of 1977&amp;ndash;1978 and many detailed, but local land use maps of 1916&amp;ndash;2015 period. This data doesn’t meet the recent needs of public administration. To meet the formulated requirements it was necessary to propose the CORINE Land Cover level 6 &amp; 5 nomenclature (harmonized in thematic scope with BDOT10k topographic database and HILUCS nomenclature), to elaborate and test the method of building and updating the databases (employing the remote sensing and in-situ data) and to formulate the guidelines. It was also necessary to analyse and to synthesise the possibilities and limitations of use an information from Polish old land use and city maps containing detailed land use information, which should be useful for detection of long-term land use / land cover changes for areas of complex functions and relatively fragile ecosystems.</p><p> In the research reported here, the author proposed the CORINE Land Cover level 6 &amp; 5 nomenclature of Poland in conformity with public administration requirements, and in accordance with CORINE Land Cover level 4 ‘Smolenice’ legend (Feranec, Ot’ahel’, 1998; European Landscape Dynamics: CORINE Land Cover Data, 2016). The classes of proposed nomenclature were harmonized with types of objects of national topographic database of Poland (BDOT10k) and HILUCS nomenclature. The author analysed, tested and synthesised the possibilities of building the CORINE Land Cover level 4, 5 &amp; 6 databases, employing the Copernicus project Sentinel-2 and commercial WorldView-3 &amp; 4 satellite data, as well as reclassified BDOT10k database data. The results of carried tests have demonstrated that Sentinel-2 data (together with BDOT10k data) can be used for mapping of 94,3 % territory of Poland (294&amp;thinsp;856&amp;thinsp;km<sup>2</sup>), while for 5,7 % (17&amp;thinsp;823&amp;thinsp;km<sup>2</sup>) the satellite data of better spatial resolution and BDOT10k data are necessary. The tests have revealed that in the case of CORINE Land Cover level 4 about 12 % of classes can be classified automatically, 16 % &amp;ndash; semi-automatically and 72 % &amp;ndash; visually (on screen). In the case of CLC level 5 only 8 % of classes can be classified automatically, 5 % &amp;ndash; semi-automatically, but 89 % &amp;ndash; visually. Almost 97 % of CLC level 6 classes can be classified visually, 2 % &amp;ndash; automatically and only 1 % &amp;ndash; semi-automatically. These statistics have demonstrated the need to apply two methods of building of ELU maps of Poland – ‘<i>from general to detailed information</i>’ (1) and ‘<i>from detailed to general information</i>’ (2). The first method is applicable when building the CLC level 4 and level 5 database, while second &amp;ndash; in the case of CLC level 6 database. In the case of first method the main source is remote sensing data from Sentinel-2, WorldView-3 &amp; 4, and auxiliary data is BDOT10k. The first stage is verification of most recent CLC level 3 database. The second stage is an automatic classification of selected classes of CLC level 4. The resulting masks, together with aggregated BDOT10k types of objects are employed to reclassify CLC level 3 database into the CLC level 4 database. The similar solution is applied in the case of building of CLC level 5 database. In the case of CLC level 6 database the considerable number of classes is similar to the BDOT10k types of objects and/or groups of objects. This way the first stage of second method is BDOT10k types of objects aggregation. The resulting CLC level 6 classes polygons are compared (and adjusted if necessary) with related CLC level 5 and Urban Atlas polygons. Then, employing the Sentinel-2 and WorldView-3 &amp; 4 data, as well as available in-situ thematic databases the others CLC level 5 polygons are reclassified (or geometrically adjusted) into the CLC level 6 polygons database.</p><p> Due to the need of updating of the ELU map in 4–year cycle it was necessary to propose the procedure of land use / land cover changes detection, employing NDVI, SAVI and TSAVI indexes.</p><p> To facilitate the multitemporal analyses and detection of long-term land use / land cover changes, it was necessary to carry out an analysis of possibilities and limitations of use an information from Polish old land use and city maps containing detailed land use information, as well as from topographic maps of 1606&amp;ndash;1939 period (Dukaczewski, Bielecka, 2017). The result of analysis of 2010 maps was the metadata database, including an information on number of land use / land cover classes, corresponding to the CLC level 4, 5, 6, Urban Atlas, HILUCS and types of objects of BDOT10k, respecting the <i>Data Specification on Land Cover - Technical Guidelines</i> (2013) schema. Proposed metadata database as well as metadata query tool are adapted for usage of Polish CLC level 5 and 6, as well as national topographic database codes, but it should be stressed that it is possible to take also into the consideration the codes employed in other CLC 5 and 6 national nomenclature and other national topographic databases. This can allow to use the proposed conception of metadata database and metadata query tool also in other countries.</p>
8
Alaba, Oluwayemisi Oyeronke, and Chidinma Godwin. "Bayesian hierarchical modeling of infant mortality in Nigeria." Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 25, no. 2 (2019): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v25i2.7.
Full textAbstract:
Infant mortality and its risk factors in Nigeria was investigated using Bayesian hierarchical modeling. The hierarchical nature of the problem was examined to detect the within and between groups (states and regions) variations in infant deaths. The effect of individual level variables on the risk of a child dying before the age of one was determined using data collected from the fifth round Multiple Indicator Survey (MICS5, 2016-2017). Infants in Northern Nigeria had a higher risk of dying than others, especially in North West, while South West had the lowest risk of infant deaths. Ten percent of the variations in infant deaths was explained by differences between states while differences between regions explained only seven percent of the variations. Also, factors such as urban place of residence, mothers with secondary and tertiary education, first birth and birth interval above 2 years were associated with a decreased risk of infant deaths. Male infants, birth interval of less than 2 years, mothers with primary and no education, teenage mothers and mothers that gave birth at age 35 years and above were associated with a higher risk of infant mortality.
9
Tang, Shifang, Zhuoying Wang, and Yue Min. "Texas–Mexico Border vs. Non-Border School Districts’ Growth Trajectory of High-Stakes Reading Performance: A Multi-Level Approach." Education Sciences 9, no. 1 (2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci9010038.
Full textAbstract:
This study focuses on comparing the growth trajectory of border and non-border school districts regarding their fifth-grade students’ performance on a standardized reading test. Using a growth hierarchical linear model, we investigated the effect of time, school location, and their interaction on students’ reading performance through the State of Texas Assessment of Academic Readiness (STAAR) reading test in five recent school years. It was found that border school students lagged behind in reading at the initial stage when STAAR was first administered. As time went by, the gap between border and non-border district students’ reading performance remained. Implications for teaching pedagogy and research are discussed regarding the preparation of border district students to become bilingual, bicultural, and biliterate.
10
Rahaman, Margubur, Avijit Roy, Pradip Chouhan, and Md Juel Rana. "Exploring drivers of unsafe disposal of child stool in India using hierarchical regression model." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (2024): e0295788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295788.
Full textAbstract:
Background Disposal of children’s stools is often neglected in Indian sanitation programs, putting them at higher risk of diseases transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Therefore, the current study aims to identify the socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with the unsafe disposal of child stool in India and to estimate the geographical variation in unsafe disposal. Methods The study used 78,074 births under two years from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (2019–21). Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis with the chi-square test, and a four-level hierarchical logistic regression model were applied to accomplish the study objectives. Results Findings revealed a 61.3% prevalence of unsafe stool disposal nationwide, significantly varying between rural (45%) and urban (67%) areas. Multilevel logistic regression highlighted that mother’s education, wealth quintile, and sanitation facility were significant predictors of unsafe disposal of child stools. Random intercept statistics revealed a substantial geographical unit-level variance in unsafe stool practice in India. Conclusion The study emphasizes the widespread unsafe disposal of child stool among Indian mothers with young children below two years, and the study underscores a range of contributing factors, including education, media exposure, prosperity, water availability, and sanitation. It also accentuates the significance of the geographical variance in the unsafe disposal of child stool in India, particularly at the household level, followed by the community level. Hence, the findings underscore the importance of focused interventions, including targeted household-level poverty alleviation programs, initiatives to enhance sanitation and water facilities, and community-level public health awareness programs.
11
Azarenko, O., Yu Honcharenko, M. Diviziniuk, R. Shevchenko, and O. Shevchenko. "CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR IMPLEMENTING A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCENARIO MANAGEMENT AS A TOOL FOR ENSURING THE SECURITY OF A STRATEGIC FACILITY." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 185 (2024): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2024-4-185-197-203.
Full textAbstract:
Ensuring the safety of critical infrastructure facilities and other strategic objects is one of the main tasks of Ukraine as a state defending itself against military aggression. To accomplish this task, the authors developed a mathematical model of scenario management as a tool to ensure a strategic object’s security. However, the problem arises that, due to the nonlinearity of the processes under consideration, the theoretical solutions rely on assessing various controlling influences and, if necessary, their corrections to obtain the planned result. This article aims to develop a control algorithm for implementing a mathematical model to assess the effectiveness of scenario management as a tool for ensuring the security of a strategic object. For this, it is necessary to complete the following tasks: to consider a mathematical model for assessing the effectiveness of scenario management as a tool for ensuring the safety of a strategic object; develop the structure of the control algorithm for the implementation of this mathematical model; analyse the structure of the algorithm and make recommendations about the need to create the basic procedures for its implementation. A proposed control algorithm for implementing a mathematical model for assessing the effectiveness of scenario management as a tool for ensuring the security of a strategic object is a hierarchical structure of nine blocks (or modules) located at seven hierarchical levels, connected by direct and feedback links. It assesses the effectiveness of solving private tasks to ensure the security of a strategic object under protection, adjusting control influences aimed at implementing the selected scenario management option. At the first hierarchical level is the module for determining the parameters of systematisation of critical infrastructure conglomeration security data. The second level includes the object conglomeration module, which consists of submodules. The third hierarchical level contains the module for collecting data by parameters. The fourth level has two modules. The first is for performing calculations, and the second is for selecting evaluation parameters. It also aims to supplement or reject duplicate data. The fifth hierarchical level also contains two modules. The first is evaluating results according to particular criteria, and the second is the selection of evaluation criteria. The sixth level is the results interpretation module. This module provides the final assessment of the facility’s safety. The seventh hierarchical level is the module for making decisions on adjusting control actions. For the correct, practical application of this control algorithm to assess the effectiveness of solving private tasks to ensure the security of strategic and critical infrastructure objects under protection, it is necessary to develop the procedures for its application in detail. Keywords: critical infrastructure object, scenario management, algorithm, mathematical model, emergency.
12
Ross, Samantha M., Ellen Smit, Joonkoo Yun, Kathleen R. Bogart, Bridget E. Hatfield, and Samuel W. Logan. "Exploring the Interaction of Disability Status and Childhood Predictors of Physical Activity and Sport Participation: An Exploratory Decision-Tree Analysis." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 38, no. 2 (2021): 248–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2020-0027.
Full textAbstract:
A secondary data analysis of 33,093 children and adolescents age 6–17 years (12% with disabilities) from a 2016–2017 National Survey of Children’s Health nonrepresentative sample aimed to identify (a) unique clusters of sociodemographic characteristics and (b) the relative importance of disability status in predicting participation in daily physical activity (PA) and sports. Exploratory classification tree analyses identified hierarchical predictors of daily PA and sport participation separately. Disability status was not a primary predictor of daily PA. Instead, it emerged in the fifth level after age, sex, body mass index, and income, highlighting the dynamic intersection of disability with sociodemographic factors influencing PA levels. In comparison, disability status was a second-level predictor for sport participation, suggesting that unique factors influencing PA level are likely experienced by disabled children and adolescents. The authors employ an intersectionality lens to critically discuss implications for research in adapted PA.
13
Hastie, Peter A., Senlin Chen, and Anthony J. Guarino. "Health-Related Fitness Knowledge Development Through Project-Based Learning." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 36, no. 1 (2017): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2016-0151.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the process and outcome of an intervention using the project-based learning (PBL) model to increase students’ health-related fitness (HRF) knowledge.Method:The participants were 185 fifth-grade students from three schools in Alabama (PBL group: n = 109; control group: n = 76). HRF knowledge was measured using a valid written test.Results:Using a two-level Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) where students were nested within teachers’ classrooms, the results show that controlling for “Class” there was a statistically significant difference between the two group conditions with the PBL cohort scoring 18.85% greater than the control schools at posttest.Discussion:The findings have shown supportive evidence as to the efficacy of a PBL-themed fitness education unit.
14
Rossier, Jérôme, Franz Meyer de Stadelhofen, and Samuel Berthoud. "The Hierarchical Structures of the NEO PI-R and the 16 PF 51." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 20, no. 1 (2004): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.20.1.27.
Full textAbstract:
Summary: The present study compares the higher-level dimensions and the hierarchical structures of the fifth edition of the 16 Personality Factors (16 PF 5) with those of the NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO PI-R). Both inventories measure personality according to five higher-level dimensions. These inventories were, however, constructed according to different methods (bottom-up vs. top-down). Both questionnaires were filled out by 386 participants. Correlations, regressions, and canonical correlations made it possible to compare the inventories. As expected, they roughly measure the same aspects of personality. There is a coherent association among four of the five dimensions measured in the tests. However, Agreeableness, the remaining dimension in the NEO PI-R, is not represented in the 16 PF 5. Our analyses confirmed the hierarchical structures of both instruments, but this confirmation was more complete in the case of the NEO PI-R. Indeed, a parallel analysis indicated that a four-factor solution should be considered in the case of the 16 PF 5. On the other hand, the five-factor solution of the NEO PI-R was confirmed. The top-down construction of this instrument seems to make for a more legible structure. Of the two five-dimension constructs, the NEO PI-R, thus, seems the more reliable. This confirms the relevance of the Five-Factor Model of personality.
15
Anderson, Robert M., and Tiffany K. Ah Loo. "Healing the Ideological-Political Divisions in America." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 36, no. 1 (2024): 127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis2024361/27.
Full textAbstract:
This essay addresses the ideological-political divides in the United States and proposes practical measures to mitigate their intensity. Without advocating for either side, it examines the causes and effects of these divides before presenting a multi-level, hierarchical model of scientifically based interventions: (1) individual; (2) one-on-one; (3) small group; (4) large group (universities, corporations, etc.); and (5) national. Interventions at the individual level are mindfulness or contemplative prayer. On the second level, they include approaching dialogue with an individual who has an opposing ideology with intellectual humility and genuine curiosity. At level three, successful techniques for small group discussions of deeply felt issues developed by the Public Conversation Project may be implemented. On the fourth and fifth levels, administrators and religious leaders could lessen affective polarization---the tendency to dislike or distrust those who do not share one's worldview--by emphasizing what all Americans have in common and by encouraging cross-ideology dialogue. If an appreciable number of Americans would commit themselves to these interventions, the ideologicalpolitical divide in the U.S. could be significantly reduced.
16
Allen, Timothy A., Colin G. DeYoung, R. Michael Bagby, Bruce G. Pollock, and Lena C. Quilty. "A Hierarchical Integration of Normal and Abnormal Personality Dimensions: Structure and Predictive Validity in a Heterogeneous Sample of Psychiatric Outpatients." Assessment 27, no. 4 (2019): 643–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191119887442.
Full textAbstract:
Hierarchical, quantitative models of psychopathology focus primarily on higher-order constructs, whereas less is known about the structure and content comprising lower-order dimensions of psychopathology. Here, we address this gap in the literature by using targeted factor analysis to integrate the 25 maladaptive facet-level traits of the Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder–Fifth edition and the 10 aspect-level traits of the normal personality hierarchy within a sample of 198 psychiatric outpatients. A 10-factor solution replicated previous work, with each of the 10 aspects primarily characterizing only one factor. In addition, the 10 factors differentially predicted a range of diagnoses, including alcohol use disorder, major depression, panic disorder, social anxiety, and borderline and avoidant personality disorders. Our results suggest that research on the development, causes, and structure of lower-order traits within the normal personality hierarchy may serve as an important guide to research on the causes and structure of maladaptive personality.
17
Silva, Sandra Maria Cunha Vidal e., Rogério Antonio Tuon, Livia Fernandes Probst, et al. "Factors associated with preventable infant death: a multiple logistic regression." Revista de Saúde Pública 52 (April 24, 2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000252.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze factors associated with preventable child deaths. METHODS: This analytical cross-sectional study had preventable child mortality as dependent variable. From a population of 34,284 live births, we have selected a systematic sample of 4,402 children who did not die compared to 272 children who died from preventable causes during the period studied. The independent variables were analyzed in four hierarchical blocks: sociodemographic factors, the characteristics of the mother, prenatal and delivery care, and health conditions of the patient and neonatal care. We performed a descriptive statistical analysis and estimated multiple hierarchical logistic regression models. RESULTS: Approximatelly 35.3% of the deaths could have been prevented with the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases during pregnancy and 26.8% of them could have been prevented with better care conditions for pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: The following characteristics of the mother are determinant for the higher mortality of children before the first year of life: living in neighborhoods with an average family income lower than four minimum wages, being aged ≤ 19 years, having one or more alive children, having a child with low APGAR level at the fifth minute of life, and having a child with low birth weight.
18
Tang, Shifang, Zhuoying Wang, and Kara L. Sutton-Jones. "A Multilevel Study of the Impact of District-Level Characteristics on Texas Student Growth Trajectories on a High-Stakes Math Exam." Mathematics 9, no. 1 (2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9010008.
Full textAbstract:
Mathematics is a core content area in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields and is vital to student learning in the other STEM subjects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the math performance of fifth- and eighth-grade students in 1170 Texas school districts. We conducted growth hierarchical linear modeling in SAS 9.4 in order to explore the effects of time, district-level characteristics, and their interaction on student performance as measured by the State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness (STAAR) math test across three performance levels (i.e., approaching, meeting, and mastering grade level) over three academic years: 2016–2019. The overall findings indicated that, over time, Texas school districts improved in the percentage of students who approached, met, and mastered grade-level performance on the STAAR math test. The results also indicated that five district-level variables consistently and significantly impacted Grade 5 and 8 students’ math achievement at three performance levels. Significant positive factors included the percentage of English learner students and principal years of experience; significant negative factors were the percentage of economically challenged students, student mobility rate, and teacher turnover rate.
19
Hampl, Martin. "Does the onset of trends towards convergence within the differentiation of the global system confirm the general assumptions about the development of territorial and social hierarchies?" Geografie 119, no. 1 (2014): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2014119010026.
Full textAbstract:
We are currently witnessing a significant turn in the evolution of the global system. The long term rise in the dominance of the “West” has been recently not only halted, but if fact reversed. Within the last two decades, close to a fifth of the world’s GDP has been transferred from the core to the semiperiphery, and increasingly also the periphery, of the global system. The hierarchic manner of the asymmetric geographic distribution of the world’s economy and population, and its transformation, remains a significant subject of scientific research and a key issue within the decision-making sphere of world politics. However, the discrepancy between the hierarchical differentiation of states and civilizations in terms of their size on one hand and their development (wealth) on the other remains an important issue. The degree of this discrepancy (or lack of) depends on the scale on which the differentiation is examined. At the macroregional level, it remains very pronounced, while it decreases in significance on the mezoregional and microregional levels – within the developed countries, a relative correspondence exists between both types of hierarchy. This article therefore intends to delineate the basic types of hierarchical differentiation to discuss the causal mechanisms of their formation and prospective change.
20
Maplethorpe, Lois, Hyunah Kim, Melissa R. Hunte, Megan Vincett, and Eunice Eunhee Jang. "Student-Generated Questions in Literacy Education and Assessment." Journal of Literacy Research 54, no. 1 (2022): 74–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1086296x221076436.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the extent to which students’ questioning ability is associated with their literacy abilities, attitudes, perceived text understanding, and interest in the text they read. We further examined these relationships by the type of text they read to generate questions. Fifth- and sixth-grade students ( N = 89) were asked to generate three questions after reading two different types of text. The students also completed reading comprehension and writing tests, as well as a questionnaire about their attitude toward literacy, perceived text understanding, and interest in the text. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that the quality of student-generated questions was predicted by reading comprehension ability, a positive attitude toward writing, and perceived level of understanding of the text, with strong effects related to text genre. We explore the implications of these findings on current pedagogy and assessment practices in literacy education and suggest areas for further research.
21
Chingos, Matthew M., Grover J. Whitehurst, and Michael R. Gallaher. "School Districts and Student Achievement." Education Finance and Policy 10, no. 3 (2015): 378–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00167.
Full textAbstract:
School districts are a focus of education reform efforts in the United States, but there is very little existing research about how important they are to student achievement. We fill this gap in the literature using 10 years of student-level, statewide data on fourth- and fifth-grade students in Florida and North Carolina. A variance decomposition analysis based on hierarchical linear models indicates that districts account for only a small share (1 to 2 percent) of the total variation in student achievement. Nevertheless, the differences between lower- and higher-performing districts are large enough to be of practical and policy significance, with a one standard deviation difference in district effectiveness corresponding to about 0.11 standard deviations in student achievement (about nine weeks of schooling). District performance is generally stable over time, but there are examples of districts that have shown significant increases or decreases in performance.
22
Wang, Zhuoying, Shifang Tang, and Kara Sutton-Jones. "Texas Rural vs. Nonrural School District Student Growth Trajectories on a High-Stakes Science Exam: A Multilevel Approach." Social Sciences 8, no. 6 (2019): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8060166.
Full textAbstract:
This study compares the science achievement growth trajectories of fifth-grade students in rural and nonrural school districts in Texas. Using a growth hierarchical linear model, we explored the effects of time, school location (rural vs. nonrural), and their interaction on students’ science performance as measured by the high-stakes State of Texas Assessment of Academic Readiness (STAAR) science test over five academic years. We found that rural school students lagged in science at the initial stage when STAAR was first administered in the 2011–2012 school year. With time, the gap between rural and nonrural district students’ science performance persisted. We further added eight district-level factors that might influence students’ academic performance into the model and found that three variables (i.e., student mobility rate, percentage of students identified ELs, and teacher turnover rate) constantly influenced students’ science scores. The implications for teaching pedagogy and research are discussed regarding science education in Texas rural districts.
23
Sheik, Abdul Gaffar, Eagalapati Tejaswini, Murali Mohan Seepana, Seshagiri Rao Ambati, Montse Meneses, and Ramon Vilanova. "Design of Feedback Control Strategies in a Plant-Wide Wastewater Treatment Plant for Simultaneous Evaluation of Economics, Energy Usage, and Removal of Nutrients." Energies 14, no. 19 (2021): 6386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196386.
Full textAbstract:
Simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorous is a recommended practice while treating wastewater. In the present study, control strategies based on proportional-integral (PI), model predictive control (MPC), and fuzzy logic are developed and implemented on a plant-wide wastewater treatment plant. Four combinations of control frameworks are developed in order to reduce the operational cost and improve the effluent quality. As a working platform, a Benchmark simulation model (BSM2-P) is used. A default control framework with PI controllers is used to control nitrate and dissolved oxygen (DO) by manipulating the internal recycle and oxygen mass transfer coefficient (KLa). Hierarchical control topology is proposed in which a lower-level control framework with PI controllers is implemented to DO in the sixth reactor by regulating the KLa of the fifth, sixth, and seventh reactors, and fuzzy and MPC are used at the supervisory level. This supervisory level considers the ammonia in the last aerobic reactor as a feedback signal to alter the DO set-points. PI-fuzzy showed improved effluent quality by 21.1%, total phosphorus removal rate by 33.3% with an increase of operational cost, and a slight increase in the production rates of greenhouse gases. In all the control design frameworks, a trade-off is observed between operational cost and effluent quality.
24
Toropov, Alexey. "The system of priority distribution of the allocated limited electrical capacity of the household." E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 01058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338901058.
Full textAbstract:
The structure of household electricity consumption is dependent on many factors, such as time, climate, territorial, historical, social, age, gender, and political factors. Operation of the power grid of households is possible within the allocated power limit and is limited by the devices installed for automatic disconnection of the power supply network. A 6-level hierarchical, with alternating precedence, system of electric power distribution for households is proposed. The highest (first) level is urgent needs and without which in the modern world it is impossible to exist. The second refers to devices to ensure the physiological and social needs of a person, the third is large household appliances. The fourth and fifth levels of the pyramid of household electricity consumption are related to heat supply systems and the concept of thermal inertia of buildings. The sixth is the devices of the lowest priority, supplied with energy according to the residual principle. An example is charging an electric car. The proposed method of distribution of electrical power allows to ensure comfortable living in the household while limiting the total power of the allocated electrical energy.
25
Sarfraz, Muddassar, Ghulam Hussain, Muhammad Shahid, et al. "Medical Students’ Online Learning Perceptions, Online Learning Readiness, and Learning Outcomes during COVID-19: The Moderating Role of Teacher’s Readiness to Teach Online." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (2022): 3520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063520.
Full textAbstract:
This study determined the direct and indirect effects of medical students’ online learning perceptions on learning outcomes via their readiness for online learning. It also determined the moderating effect of teachers’ online teaching readiness on medical students’ online learning perceptions and learning outcomes. We apply the theoretical lens of self-determination theory and constructivist theory to formulate hypotheses. We used self-administered and postal survey methods to collect data from fourth and fifth-year medical students on online learning perceptions, readiness for online learning, and learning outcomes in two waves. We also collected data from the teachers about their perceptions of online teaching readiness. We received 517 usable students’ responses (Level-1) and 88 usable teachers’ responses (Level-2). We tested Level-1 hypotheses about direct and indirect effects in Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS), and a Level-2 hypothesis about moderating effect was tested using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM). The results for the Level-1 hypotheses supported the positive effects of students’ online learning perceptions and readiness for online learning on learning outcomes. Student readiness for online learning significantly mediated the relationship between online learning perceptions and learning outcomes. HLM results also supported a moderating effect of teachers’ online teaching readiness on medical students’ online learning perceptions and learning outcomes in such a way that learning outcomes were high when students’ online learning perceptions and teachers’ online teaching readiness were high. Based on the study’s findings, we offer contributions to theory and practice.
26
Yu, Zhipeng, Fangqing Gu, Hailin Liu, and Yutao Lai. "5G Multi-Slices Bi-Level Resource Allocation by Reinforcement Learning." Mathematics 11, no. 3 (2023): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11030760.
Full textAbstract:
As the centralized unit (CU)—distributed unit (DU) separation in the fifth generation mobile network (5G), the multi-slice and multi-scenario, can be better applied in wireless communication. The development of the 5G network to vertical industries makes its resource allocation also have an obvious hierarchical structure. In this paper, we propose a bi-level resource allocation model. The up-level objective in this model refers to the profit of the 5G operator through the base station allocating resources to slices. The lower-level objective in this model refers to the slices allocating the resource to its users fairly. The resource allocation problem is a complex optimization problem with mixed-discrete variables, so whether a resource allocation algorithm can quickly and accurately give the resource allocation scheme is the key to its practical application. According to the characteristics of the problem, we select the multi-agent twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (MATD3) to solve the upper slice resource allocation and the discrete and continuous twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (DCTD3) to solve the lower user resource allocation. It is crucial to accurately characterize the state, environment, and reward of reinforcement learning for solving practical problems. Thus, we provide an effective definition of the environment, state, action, and reward of MATD3 and DCTD3 for solving the bi-level resource allocation problem. We conduct some simulation experiments and compare it with the multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG) algorithm and nested bi-level evolutionary algorithm (NBLEA). The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can quickly provide a better resource allocation scheme.
27
Afolabi, Oludele Raphael, Adesupo Adeoye Akinrefon, Mohammed Mijinyawa, and Usman Bitrus Danfulani. "RANKING OF RISK FACTORS THAT COULD ACCENTUATE INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAK IN ADAMAWA STATE, USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHICAL PROCESS." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 9, no. 6 (2025): 363–68. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0906-3728.
Full textAbstract:
Disease outbreaks have increased in frequency and scope during the past few decades. The responses to these epidemics have been political and burdensome for disadvantaged groups. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model, this study is conducted to establish weights to prioritize risk factors that contribute to infectious disease outbreaks in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The following criteria were identified: health policy, finance availability, government commitment to health care, and religious belief. Likewise, potential risk factors were identified as insecurity, poor health infrastructure, permeable borders, access to water, sanitation, and hygiene, poor access to the health care system, illiteracy, local and religious beliefs and poverty. Data collected was analyzed using an AHP model. Poor health infrastructures were placed first, with a weight of 0.1702. A weight of 0.1462 placed illiteracy in second place, indicating that the level of illiteracy ought to be reduced drastically to have a healthy society. With a weight of 0.1445, water, sanitation, and hygiene campaigns should be maintained. Additionally, the spread of infectious diseases was also found to be greatly impacted by insecurity, rated fourth after assessment with 0.1259 weights. Poverty was ranked fifth using the AHP model and was assigned a weight of 0.1115. Poor access to the health care system is ranked sixth with a weight of 0.1072 and religious belief is ranked eighth with a weight of 0.0952. We advised that serious, efficient, and effective action be taken to establish literate citizens.
28
Forbes, Miriam K. "Implications of the Symptom-Level Overlap Among DSM Diagnoses for Dimensions of Psychopathology." Journal of Emotion and Psychopathology 1, no. 1 (2023): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55913/joep.v1i1.6.
Full textAbstract:
Research on the patterns of covariation among mental disorders has proliferated, as summarized in the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). The aim of this brief descriptive study was to examine whether the repetition of symptoms among DSM-5 diagnoses is likely to be inflating the surface similarity of diagnoses in a way that artificially reinforces the dimensions that emerge when modelling patterns of disorder covariation or comorbidity. Specifically, the symptoms comprising the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for all disorders covered by the HiTOP framework were examined for patterns of overlap that mirror the patterns of disorder covariation captured in HiTOP dimensions. I found that 358 pairs of the DSM-5 diagnoses covered by the HiTOP framework had one or more overlapping symptoms in their diagnostic criteria, and that a third (n = 130; 34%) of the unique constituent symptoms reinforced the higher-order structure of HiTOP through repetition within dimensions and/or between dimensions in the same superspectrum. By contrast, 86% of the possible pairs of diagnoses did not have any shared symptoms, and the majority of the symptoms (n = 222; 58%) did not influence the structure through repetition. Further, a fifth (n = 71; 19%) of the symptoms worked against the HiTOP structure by increasing the surface similarity of diagnoses under different subfactors, spectra, and superspectra. Overall, while patterns of symptom-level overlap do not appear strong enough to account for the emergence of HiTOP dimensions, these patterns do seem likely to inflate the similarity and consequent covariation of some DSM-5 diagnoses. Research on the statistical structure of psychopathology that uses DSM-5 diagnostic constructs should account for this potential source of bias.
29
Cushman, Samuel A. "Entropy in Landscape Ecology: A Quantitative Textual Multivariate Review." Entropy 23, no. 11 (2021): 1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23111425.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a multivariate textual analysis of more than 1300 papers on entropy in ecology. There are six main insights that emerged. First, there is a large body of literature that has addressed some aspect of entropy in ecology, most of which has been published in the last 5–10 years. Second, the vast majority of these papers focus on species distribution, species richness, relative abundance or trophic structure and not landscape-scale patterns or processes, pe se. Third, there have been few papers addressing landscape-level questions related to entropy. Fourth, the quantitative analysis with hierarchical clustering identified a strongly nested structure among papers that addressed entropy in ecology. Fifth, there is clear differentiation of papers focused on landscape-level applications of entropy from other papers, with landscape focused papers clustered together at each level of the hierarchy in a relatively small and closely associated group. Sixth, this group of landscape-focused papers was substructured between papers that explicitly adopted entropy measures to quantify the spatial pattern of landscape mosaics, often using variations on Boltzmann entropy, versus those that utilize Shannon entropy measures from information theory, which are not generally explicit in their assessment of spatial configuration. This review provides a comprehensive, quantitative assessment of the scope, trends and relationships among a large body of literature related to entropy in ecology and for the first time puts landscape ecological research on entropy into that context.
30
Essvein, Gustavo, Alexandre Baumgarten, Rafaela Soares Rech, Juliana Balbinot Hilgert, and Matheus Neves. "Dental care for early childhood in Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 53 (January 30, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053000540.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether characteristics of health services, oral health team and dental surgeon are associated with provision of dental care for children up to five years old in Brazilian Primary Health Care. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from 18,114 oral health teams in Brazil, evaluated in 2014 by the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care. The study outcome was the proven performance of dental procedures on children up to five years old. Statistical analysis was performed by Poisson regression based on a hierarchical model, where the first level was composed of service organization variables, the intermediate level composed of unit planning characteristics, and the proximal level composed of variables related to dental surgeon characteristics. RESULTS: Prevalence of dental care performed by oral health teams was 80.9% (n = 14,239). Scheduled appointments and activities of education in health were positively associated with the outcome, as well as planning and programming activities for the population and monitoring and analysis of oral health indicators. Complementary training in public health, continuing education activities and career plan were variables related to dental surgeons associated with the service provision. CONCLUSIONS: One fifth of health units in Brazil do not provide dental care for children in early childhood. Health units’ well-structured organization and planning protocols are associated with the provision of this service, as well as better employment relationship and graduate activities for dental surgeons.
31
Slyadnikov E.E and Turchanovsky I.Yu. "Non-homogeneous plastic deformation of amorphous metallic alloys under the action of a quasi-static mechanical load." Technical Physics 68, no. 1 (2023): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tp.2023.01.55444.114-22.
Full textAbstract:
A hypothesis is formulated and substantiated that quasi-static deformation in an amorphous metal alloy is a complex relaxation multi-stage process, which is a hierarchical sequence of interrelated structural transitions of the first order ordered in time. These nonequilibrium processes sequentially proceed at different scale space-time levels, starting from the lowest level --- a cluster of atoms of the first coordination sphere with a relaxation time taueta, then the middle level - a nanocluster of atoms of the fifth coordination sphere with a relaxation time tauφ, spatial scale of 10 nm and relaxation time tau, and tau&gt;&gt;tauφ&gt;&gt;taueta. They are accompanied by transformations of various types of potential energy of atoms (elastic, inelastic, plastic deformation, ZST) into each other. A mechanism and a model of a nonequilibrium transition from an elastic mechanical state to a state with shear transformation zones, a mechanism and a model of localized plastic deformation in an amorphous metal alloy are constructed. In the interval of non-uniqueness, in response to a locally introduced perturbation, a traveling autowave arises, which transfers the slip band from the inelastic deformation regime to the plastic deformation regime. Model parameters are estimated and important physical properties of plastic deformation are calculated. Keywords: Amorphous metal alloys, mechanical load, plastic deformation, nonequilibrium structural transition, synergetic model, kinetic equations, autowave.
32
Maulad, Akber, Drajat Martianto, and Ikeu Ekayanti. "Evaluation of the Right to Food with Food System Approach at the Provincial Level in Indonesia." Amerta Nutrition 6, no. 2 (2022): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v6i2.2022.122-129.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The right to food is one of the human rights that must be protected and fulfilled. Inequality in priorities on food and nutrition security development causes a sharp distinction among provinces regarding food security achievement. Currently, methods for evaluating the right to food at the provincial level are not yet available. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the right to food at the provincial level in Indonesia with a food system approach (food availability, food accessibility, and food utilization) using structural, process, and outcome indicators. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from 34 provinces in Indonesia. The data consist of regulations, programs, and the government's performance achievements. There were five data analysis stages: identification, selection, assessment indicators, provincial rankings provision, and the characteristics based on cluster analysis. Results: Based on the evaluation of 36 selected indicators of the right to food, only three provinces were included in the high category, twenty-five provinces in the medium category, and six provinces in the low category. Central Java had the highest level of the right to food, while West Papua had the lowest level. Non-hierarchical clustering with K-Means methods was further applied to analyze the right to food and later divided into five clusters. The first until the third cluster was categorized as medium level, while the fourth and fifth clusters were categorized as low. Conclusions: The right to food in western part of Indonesia had better than the eastern region. The availability of regulations and program implementations with adequate budget support will affect the government's performance in fulfilling the right to food.
33
Safarnezhad Firouzabad, Mehran, Seyed Reza Seyed Javadin, Tahmoures Hasangholipour Yasouri, and Seyed Ahmad Ghasemi. "Structuring the Factors Influencing Consumer Behavior in Electronic Marketing Using Soft Systems Methodology." Journal of Technology in Entrepreneurship and Strategic Management 3, no. 5 (2024): 383–400. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jtesm.3.5.22.
Full textAbstract:
In electronic marketing, the fundamental and ultimate focus is human satisfaction, and understanding consumer behavior contributes to comprehending market dynamics. Therefore, identifying and evaluating the factors influencing consumer behavior becomes a significant subject of study. Accordingly, this research aims to structure the factors affecting consumer behavior in electronic marketing. The study follows the seven-stage process of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) and, in addition to literature review and in-depth semi-structured interviews, employs Checkland’s CATWOE checklist analysis, Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), and MICMAC analysis as complementary validation tools. The research sample consists of 25 academic elites and experts actively engaged in electronic market enterprises, selected through purposive sampling. The findings reveal that the factors influencing consumer behavior in an electronic market are categorized into five levels. The first level includes perceptual-cognitive characteristics post-purchase, the number of followers of the market on external social networks, and the creation of a digital wallet and its application for future purchases. The second level consists of total costs, producers, and suppliers based on performance evaluations. The third level encompasses legitimacy, responsiveness, and accountability of the electronic market, reducing the time required for recording customized behaviors and addressing consumer needs, as well as feedback mechanisms. The fourth level involves brand popularity, visibility of order placement points, and the ability to compare similar and homogeneous products. The fifth level, which is the most influential, includes personal preferences and tastes, along with the satisfaction of hierarchical needs and desires. It can be concluded that five key levels influence consumer behavior in electronic marketing, and considering these levels can contribute to the growth and prosperity of such markets.
34
Mitrică, Bianca, Paul-Răzvan Şerban, Irena Mocanu, et al. "Developing an Indicator-Based Framework to Measure Sustainable Tourism in Romania. A Territorial Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (2021): 2649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052649.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainable tourism is gaining importance in national agendas to encourage economic growth, social inclusion, and the protection of cultural and natural assets. More than 13 million tourists (10.6 mil. Romanians and 2.6 mil. foreigners) visited Romania in 2019, the fifth consecutive year of growth for the tourism sector. The authors have selected 10 statistical indicators to highlight the main components for tourism sustainability by using the principal component analysis (PCA). The current patterns of sustainable development of tourism and the territorial inequalities at a micro-scale were assessed based on a sustainable tourism index (STI). In addition, to observe the way indicators interact and determine each other and to analyze the territorial disparities, the hierarchical ascending classification was used. The study was performed using the statistical data available at NUTS5/LAU level provided by the National Institute of Statistics. In addition, various data and information extracted from documents published by the UNWTO, National Institute for Research and Development in Tourism, the World Bank, EUROSTAT, etc., were also used. By applying an STI, the authors were able to assess the tourism development level at a national scale in Romania, delineating the most advantaged/disadvantaged areas. The analysis of sustainable tourism in Romania shows that tourism performance is more consolidated in the big cities, the Black Sea coast, the Danube Delta and the Carpathian Mountains. Studies such as the present one are meant to provide a methodological framework that will be useful to perform a quantitative assessment of the sustainable level of tourism development in terms of economic, social and environmental performance.
35
Sreedharan, Syam, Hyma Vijayalekshmi, and Dhanya S. Palappallil. "Concept learning through question framing in Pharmacology." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 2 (2018): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20180106.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Framing questions is a skill that requires expertise, knowledge, guidance and mentoring. It provides structure for deep learning, critical thinking and also promotes interaction and communication. Objective of this study is to analyze the question framing skills of fifth semester medical students on a ‘must know’ area in Pharmacology.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Pharmacology of a Government Medical College in Central Kerala. After briefing about the study, each of the participants was instructed to frame a question which were collected after 15 minutes. The data on different aspects of questions was analysed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 16.Results: Total 130 students, 79 females and 51 males participated in this study. 7 questions were incomplete and excluded from further analysis. From the rest 123 properly framed questions, 106(86.2%) were correct, 10(8.1%) were partially correct and 7(5.7%) incorrect with regards to the task assigned. In this study knowledge as well as application was tested in 50.4% questions, comprehension in 21.1% and application alone in 22.8%. The knowledge dimension tested was factual in 91(74%) and conceptual in 32(26%). Non-hierarchical classification showed 96(78%) convergent and 27(22%) divergent.Conclusions: In this study majority of the participants framed direct short answer questions which reflects factual knowledge indicating their lower-level cognition. Critical thinking and procurement of higher level cognition can be attained by directing them to frame the right question especially in medical education.
36
Grinchenko, M. D. "Strategic role of the core agro-industrial holdings in ensuring food security of the Russian Federation (beef cattle farming case study)." Economic Revival of Russia, no. 1 (71) (2022): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37930/1990-9780-2022-1-71-163-173.
Full textAbstract:
Strategic enterprises of the Russian meat livestock sector are represented by vertically integrated agro-industrial holdings, whose competitive advantages, functional structure, and specifics of their businesses make corporations important participants in ensuring national food security. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work is the general theory of strategy and methodology of strategizing by academician Vladimir L. Kvint. The study revealed that ensuring national food security in Russia is under the influence of several strategic threats, in particular: insufficient stability of the institutional environment; biased quantitative criteria for achieving food security; lack of strategic management of emergency periods. Overcoming these challenges is possible by building a strategic system hierarchical approach, in the theory of strategy and methodology of strategizing by Professor Vladimir L. Kvint. The fifth is called the Hierarchic System of Strategy based on the alignment of global, national, regional, and corporate interests. The latter primarily concern strategic agro-industrial holdings, whose industry leadership, production potential and financial stability can have a positive impact on increasing the sustainability of regional food markets by expanding the physical and economic availability of food, which contributes to improving the quality of life of the population – the main guideline of the strategy at any level.
37
Bebbington, P. E., S. Minot, C. Cooper, et al. "Suicidal Ideation, Self-Harm And Attempted Suicide: Results From The British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2000." European Psychiatry 25, no. 7 (2010): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.12.004.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPurposeTo examine relationships between suicidal ideation, self-harm, and suicide attempts, including the timing of the phenomena.Subjects and methodsThe British National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (NPMS) 2000, a randomised cross-sectional survey of the British population (n = 8,580), included detailed questions about suicidal phenomena.ResultsSuicidal phenomena were common in the survey population: a fifth had experienced tedium vitae, and nearly one in six had had death wishes or considered suicide. 4.4% of the study population had attempted suicide at some time. The relationships between individual elements of suicidality, though not absolute, were strong. The relationships tended to be hierarchical. The results suggested that suicidal thinking represents a strong indicator of vulnerability to suicidal acts, less so to self-harm. Although suicidal phenomena were more common in women, the relationship of the different elements were not affected by gender.DiscussionStudies in non clinical populations allow full appreciation of the nature and burden of suicidality. The topic of suicide is sensitive, so there may have been under-reporting, although the level of missing data was around 0.1%. Nevertheless, the sample was large and closely representative of the whole British populace.ConclusionsSuicidality is common in the British population. The strong relationships between elements of suicidality are clinically important.
38
Hodges, Michael G., Pamela Hodges Kulinna, Hans van der Mars, and Chong Lee. "Knowledge in Action: Fitness Lesson Segments That Teach Health-Related Fitness in Elementary Physical Education." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 35, no. 1 (2016): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2014-0102.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine students’ health-related fitness knowledge (HRFK) and physical activity levels after the implementation of a series of fitness lessons segments called Knowledge in Action (KIA). KIA aims to teach health-related fitness knowledge (HRFK) during short episodes of the physical education lesson. Teacher participants from one district (N = 10) were randomly assigned into either the intervention or comparison group. Intervention teachers used the KIA fitness lessons during fifth grade students’ physical education classes. These teachers received training sessions, teaching materials, and YouTube videos that modeled the KIA fitness lessons. Intervention fidelity was assessed through observations and a fidelity checklist. Students’ physical activity levels were measured using accelerometers and HRFK was examined by PE Metrics 28-question pencil and paper test. General linear models (GLM) and Hierarchical linear models (HLM) were used to examine group differences. Intervention students had a 3.4 (20%) greater unit improvement in HRFK scores when compared with their comparison counterparts (p < .001), at the school level. Student activity levels of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time were similar in both groups (p = .64). Teachers can use the KIA fitness lesson segments or similar strategies to effectively teach HRFK in elementary physical education classes.
39
Miao, Hongna, and Hsin-Che Wu. "Political Education and Children's Political Cognition in China." China: An International Journal 21, no. 4 (2023): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.56159/chn.2023.a913140.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: The importance of children's political cognition as integral to the formation of their political attitudes into adulthood has been well documented in Western contexts. Whether such an association holds in China, however, is less well-known. Building on the political psychology theory of cognitive process, this article utilises the picture association test to analyse how children form their political cognition in China. The authors report five findings. First, the proximity to (a familiarity with) the police and the most prominent political leaders in children's political images are the entry points for children to connect with and enter the political system. Second, despite the shift from recognition of individual authority figures to system cognition in children's political cognition in other countries, Chinese children's political cognition based on leadership figures remains deep-rooted and persistent. Third, children's political cognition is closely related to their cognitive level, as they tend to grasp basic knowledge and political principles by 13 to 14 years old. Fourth, children's political cognition is not only related to their school education but it also has an impact on their subjective social experience. Fifth, children's attitudes and evaluations of authority figures are closely related to Chinese political values that emphasise benevolence and justice, and also to China's hierarchical trust in government.
40
Cupedo, Frans, and Camiel Doorenweerd. "The intraspecific structure of the Yellow-spotted ringlet Erebia manto (Denis & Schiffermüller, [1775]), with special reference to the bubastis group: an integration of morphology, allozyme and mtDNA data (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)." Nota Lepidopterologica 43, no. () (2020): 43–60. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.47409.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Present-day intraspecific diversity has largely been shaped by previous climatic events, but the spatial and temporal scales of differentiation processes in most species remain to be clarified. In Europe, the Pleistocene glacial cycles have generated population structures that remain especially evident in montane taxa. The intraspecific variation of the European subalpine Yellow-spotted Ringlet, Erebia manto (Denis & Schiffermüller, [1775]), shows a hierarchical, two-level structure that allows us to study intermediate stages of speciation. Morphologically, three subspecies clusters have been described in this butterfly: the manto, bubastis and vogesiaca type. An allozyme study previously revealed two genetic lineages within the manto type, and two within the vogesiaca type, but lacked bubastis representatives. To further our knowledge of the intraspecific structure of E. manto, we sampled all known and presumed intraspecific groups and sequenced 1,496 base pairs of the mitochondrial gene COI for 152 specimens from 15 localities. A median joining haplotype network, based on 40 parsimony informative sites, confirmed the four allozyme based lineages. The bubastis type was acknowledged as a fifth genetic lineage, replacing the manto type populations in the southern part of the western Alps, and separated from it by a well-known zoogeographic borderline. We discuss how the present-day distributions, genetic relationships and timing of the differentiations align.
41
VORKUT, T., L. VOLYNETS, and Ya VOLYNETS. "DEVELOPMENT OF INDICATORS FOR EVALUATING THE LEVEL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF LOGISTICS ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES." Economics of the transport complex, no. 42 (November 24, 2023): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2023.42.37.
Full textAbstract:
The need to ensure the sustainable development of logistics organizational structures has been determined, because despite the significant development potential of the logistics sector in Ukraine and its importance for the state economy, the implementation of logistics operations is accompanied by a number of negative effects, which later manifests itself in problems of a social, ecological and economic nature. Modern trends regarding globalization and the determined course of Ukraine's integration into the EU actualize the need to reform transport and logistics systems in accordance with world standards, balancing urgent needs and protecting the interests of future generations, i.e. ensuring sustainable development.
 The analysis of scientific works showed that a large number of Ukrainian and foreign scientists pay attention to the study of sustainable development problems, as well as the theoretical and methodological foundations of implementing the principles of the concept in transport and logistics systems. However, a scientific gap is identified in terms of the need for improvement and further development of indicator systems for assessing the level of sustainable development of logistics organizational structures.
 A structural model of the hierarchical structure of the integral indicator was developed and, on its basis, using an additive formula, an indicator was formed to assess the level of balance of the sustainable development of logistics organizational structures. This balance is proposed to be evaluated according to the following aspects: territory, process and activity. The latter, in turn, should be consistent with the aspects that correspond to the following concepts of sustainable development: economic, ecological and social.
 We propose the indicators of sustainable development to be considered in the development of the concept of a balanced system of indicators, as a separate, fifth, component in the last, alongside such components as: satisfaction of needs (expectations of clients) and/or consumers; development of internal business processes; ensuring financial efficiency; staff training and development.
 Further research should lie in the plane of analysis and systematization of indicators that can be used as partial according to the proposed integral criterion.
42
Cupedo, Frans, and Camiel Doorenweerd. "The intraspecific structure of the Yellow-spotted ringlet Erebia manto (Denis & Schiffermüller, [1775]), with special reference to the bubastis group: an integration of morphology, allozyme and mtDNA data (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)." Nota Lepidopterologica 43 (April 14, 2020): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.47409.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Present-day intraspecific diversity has largely been shaped by previous climatic events, but the spatial and temporal scales of differentiation processes in most species remain to be clarified. In Europe, the Pleistocene glacial cycles have generated population structures that remain especially evident in montane taxa. The intraspecific variation of the European subalpine Yellow-spotted Ringlet, Erebia manto (Denis &amp; Schiffermüller, [1775]), shows a hierarchical, two-level structure that allows us to study intermediate stages of speciation. Morphologically, three subspecies clusters have been described in this butterfly: the manto, bubastis and vogesiaca type. An allozyme study previously revealed two genetic lineages within the manto type, and two within the vogesiaca type, but lacked bubastis representatives. To further our knowledge of the intraspecific structure of E. manto, we sampled all known and presumed intraspecific groups and sequenced 1,496 base pairs of the mitochondrial gene COI for 152 specimens from 15 localities. A median joining haplotype network, based on 40 parsimony informative sites, confirmed the four allozyme based lineages. The bubastis type was acknowledged as a fifth genetic lineage, replacing the manto type populations in the southern part of the western Alps, and separated from it by a well-known zoogeographic borderline. We discuss how the present-day distributions, genetic relationships and timing of the differentiations align.
43
SÖNMEZER, Zuhal. "EUROPEAN UNION SECURITY POLICIES AND MEDIA." Journal of Communication Science Researches 4, no. 3 (2024): 258–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13254522.
Full textAbstract:
Security is the most fundamental human need. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs proposed by American psychologist Abraham Maslow in 1943, based on scientific research on human needs, Security Needs are located as the second level of the system consisting of five stages, following Physiological Needs. According to this hierarchical system, as individuals satisfy these two needs, they can ascend to the third stage of Belongingness and Love Needs, the fourth stage of Esteem Needs, and ultimately to the fifth stage, Self-Actualization. Nations, like individuals, progress step by step in both domestic policy and foreign policy processes, completing their existence. Accordingly, the evolving nature of mass media with globalization necessitates new policies and legal regulations within the Union. The goal of this study, which examines the security policies of the European Union in terms of its geopolitical and geostrategic position and analyzes them from a media perspective, is to focus on security policies, the primary determinant of the European Union's foreign policy, and the regulations it has made in the media field. The study employs meta-analysis, a technique in compilation research that demonstrates the accuracy of information gathered. Meta-analysis, as a subset of systematic analysis, is important for its ability to present more precise and accurate data in the process of reviewing relevant research sources.
44
OYEDOYIN, F. P., R. T. FEYISOLA, and O. A. OYEDEJI. "VARIATION AMONG AGRONOMIC TRAITS AND MINERAL CONTENTS IN 15 ACCESSIONS OF GARDEN EGG PLANT (Solanum aethiopicum) IN SOUTHWEST OF NIGERIA." Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 20, no. 1 (2021): 92–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v20i1.2105.
Full textAbstract:
Throughout Africa, S. aethiopicum is very popular and plays a vital role in many human diets. Despite the fact that there are previous reports on yield characteristics and nutrition of the crop, there is a need to assess the crop for variations in mineral properties. This study aimed at determining the amount of genetic variability and level of heritability of agronomic and mineral contents of S. aethiopicum accessions. Fifteen accessions of S.aethiopicum were evaluated in an RBCD experimental design to generate data for use. Data were collected for agronomic, morphological and mineral contents. Data collected were subjected to ANOVA and the significant means were also separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% probability level. Variance component method was used to estimate phenotypic and genotypic variations as well as heritability. Significant differences were observed among accessions for the various morphological and mineral nutritional traits evaluated. High heritability estimates, Phenotypic and Genotypic variances were observed for mineral content and fruit yield. Genotypic and phenotypic variances ranged between 0.31 and 11078.85 for the agronomic traits. The hierarchical cluster analyses revealed five distinct clusters at similarity index of 85%. The first cluster included 6 accessions; the second included accessions NHS 101A, and OG 03; the third were NHS 104 and OG 01; the fourth included NHS 105; and the fifth included NHS 106, NHS 108, OS 02 and OS 03. Accessions OS 01 and OS 03 appear unique based on the traits for which the accessions were assessed.This study revealed that substantial variation exists within the accessions of S.aethiopicum evaluated, hence, it will help in breeding process of good quality genotypes for higher yields and mineral content.
45
Sakan, Momčilo. "The interrelationship between politics and the military in war." Vojno delo 73, no. 3 (2021): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo2103021s.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of the interrelationship between the political and military elite is very complex, multidimensional, multi-hierarchical and relatively protected from the scientific and professional public and, as such, more difficult to understand. It is particularly relevant in war, where ties are looser and where the self-initiative of individuals and social groups comes to full expression, which is precisely the subject of this analysis. However, the subject is not considered in its totality, but is limited only to the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in the period from the 1980s onwards. The events out of that time were used as an empirical basis for illustrating and arguing one's own views. The subject of this paper is structured in five separate parts. In the first part, the epistemological and logic bases of the relationship between politics and the military in war are presented, with the focus on the noticed weaknesses in the theoretical and normative sphere and their consequences for real practice. In the second part, a comparative analysis of the goals of politics and the military has been done, with an emphasis on the necessary need for them to coincide at the state level and be conducted by joint efforts. The third part explains the relationship between the military and politics at the most general level. It has been proven that politics is more general and that it directs the entire activities of the society including the deployment of the military in war. The fourth part presents the models of the relationship between the military and politics at strategic level. It has been unequivocally proven that politics is superior to the military, which does not exclude the possibility of intensive negotiations before making definite decisions on the deployment in combat operations. Finally, the fifth part explains the relationship between local government representatives and units at tactical level. The links between management and cooperation between these entities with the focus on communication difficulties and consequences are explained.
46
Berkowitz, Ruth, Hagit Glickman, Rami Benbenishty, et al. "Compensating, Mediating, and Moderating Effects of School Climate on Academic Achievement Gaps in Israel." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 117, no. 7 (2015): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811511700703.
Full textAbstract:
Background It is widely agreed among educational researchers and practitioners that schools with positive climates can effectively mitigate the influence of students’ and schools’ socioeconomic status (SES) on academic achievement. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms by which this occurs are unclear. Objective This study aimed to fill that gap, examining student perceptions of school climate, student academic achievement, and student and school SES in Israel to develop a reliable and comprehensive assessment of the role of school climate in the relationship between student and school SES and achievement. Specifically, the study tested whether school climate has an additive contribution to academics beyond students’ and schools’ SES (compensation model), whether the school's SES influences its social climate, which in turn influences academic achievement (mediation model); or whether the relationship between SES and academics changes across schools with different climates (moderation model). Research Design Secondary analysis of a large-scale, nationally representative sample of fifth- and eighth-grade Hebrew-speaking students in public schools in Israel (N = 53,946). Data Analysis Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to examine models with variables both on the student and the school levels. Linear regressions were used to examine student level and school level only models. Results School climate had an additive compensation contribution to academic achievements, both on the student and the school levels. School climate moderated the relationship between students’ SES and academic achievements. However, findings did not support the hypothesis that school climate mediated the relationship between SES background and academic achievement, both at the student and school levels. Conclusions School climate plays an important role in accounting for achievements, beyond students’ and schools’ SES. Results highlight the need to improve school climate, especially in schools serving communities of low SES, to enhance social mobility and equality of opportunity.
47
Wolff, A., A. J. Hochlehnert, and H. B. Bludau. "Presenting XML-based Medical Discharge Letters According to CDA." Methods of Information in Medicine 42, no. 05 (2003): 552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634382.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryThe HL7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) is an important XML-based standard for the representation of clinical documents. Objectives: The use of Markup Languages could satisfy the demands of involved healthcare staff as well as the needs of patients, to receive an overview of the patient’s treatment during the hospital stay. The standardization efforts of different groups dealing with this problem have demonstrated progress, but have not, as yet, achieved a routinely usable result. In particular, differentiating information according to a hierarchical order has not been published to date. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 60 discharge letters from a cardiology ward (ward A) as well as 60 discharge letters from a gastroenterology ward (ward B) were extracted from the central hospital information system, by taking every fifth discharge letter issued over a one year period. Results: An XML-based prototype for medical discharge letters has been put in place representing the required information units and information elements. By means of an XSL-stylesheet, a detailed representation of the conventional discharge letter has been produced that is platform independent and permits the recurrent use of information units. Conclusions: Through the introduction of definitions like information elements and information units, progress in the development of CDA level two and three might be realized. We present a method by which discharge letters can be used by an Internal Medicine Department. This concept is implemented in a XML-based prototype allowing a special view on XML data to generate this document type.
48
Interian, Ruben. "A Political Radicalization Framework Based on Moral Foundations Theory." Mathematics 12, no. 13 (2024): 2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12132121.
Full textAbstract:
Moral foundations theory proposes that individuals with conflicting political views base their behavior on different principles chosen from a small group of universal moral foundations. This study proposes using a set of widely accepted moral foundations (fairness, in-group loyalty, authority, and purity) as proxies to determine the degree of radicalization of online communities. A fifth principle, care, is generally surpassed by others that are higher in the radicalized groups’ moral hierarchy. Moreover, the presented data-driven methodological framework proposes an alternative way to measure whether a community complies with a certain moral principle or foundation: not evaluating its speech, but its behavior through the interactions of its individuals, establishing a bridge between the structural features of the interaction network and the intensity of communities’ radicalization regarding the considered moral foundations. Two foundations were assessed using the network’s structural characteristics: in-group loyalty measured by group-level modularity, and authority evaluated using group domination, for detecting potential hierarchical substructures within the network. By analyzing a set of Pareto-optimal groups regarding a multidimensional moral relevance scale, the most radicalized communities were identified among those considered extreme in some of their attitudes or views. An application of the proposed framework is illustrated using real-world datasets. The radicalized communities’ behavior exhibited increasing isolation, and their authorities and leaders showed growing domination over their audience. Differences were also detected between users’ behavior and speech, showing that individuals tended to share more “extreme” in-group content than they publish: extreme views get more likes on social media.
49
Tong, Qiang, Tao Jiao, Zhao Qi, et al. "Spatiotemporal evolution of single sandbodies controlled by allocyclicity and autocyclicity in the shallow-water braided river delta front of an open lacustrine basin." Open Geosciences 13, no. 1 (2021): 98–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0220.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The spatial and temporal evolution of the sandbody architecture of shallow-water deltas in open lacustrine basins is controlled by the classification of allocyclicity and autocyclicity. On the southwestern margin of the Ordos Basin, a braided river system deposited a shallow-water delta in the Late Triassic Period. Based on the principle of sequence stratigraphy and the hierarchical analysis of reservoir architecture, the spatial and temporal evolution of individual sandbodies in the Chang 81 member of the Yanchang Formation in the Zhenbei Oilfield is interpreted by utilizing data from cores, wells and outcrops. The research ideas are as follows: large deposition scale architectural elements (first- to third-order cycles, as defined by Miall) of different sequence levels are affected by allocyclicity associated with changes in tectonic activity, provenance, and sea level, and small deposition scale architectural elements (fourth- to fifth-order cycles, as defined by Miall) of different sedimentary facies mainly consist of individual sandbodies that are affected by autocyclicity associated with lake-level changes caused by various river processes. Based on previous studies, the results are as follows. The sedimentary characteristics of shallow-water deltas have been verified by core and outcrop data. In addition, three ultrashort-term cycles are identified on the basis of boundary sequences and lithofacies’ sequences in the outcrop section of the Rui River, and three sedimentary evolution stages of the delta front are defined. Finally, according to well data, five types of architectural elements at the level of single sandbodies are identified. The vertical superimposition and lateral contact relationships of different architectural elements indicate that during the three sedimentary evolution stages, the hydrodynamics weakened, strengthened slightly, and finally weakened substantially. Among the 20 kinds of architectural element spatial combination patterns formed by single sandbodies, primary and secondary sandbodies have great potential for hosting remaining oil. In the process of architectural spatiotemporal evolution, the geometry and connectivity of the underwater distributary channel gradually weakened, and the spatial relationship between the underwater distributary channel and other architectural elements increased. This article proposes a new method for researching shallow-water deltas and has some guiding significance for exploiting the remaining oil in oil fields.
50
Lindberg, Malin. "Män och manlighet i Sveriges innovationspolitik." Tidskrift för genusvetenskap 30, no. 2-3 (2022): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v30i2-3.3727.
Full textAbstract:
In this article I set out to explore how gender is being constructed in Sweden’s innovation policy. Specifically, I distinguish a connection between the pattern of prioritization within this policy area and the notions “men” as well as “masculinity”. My survey of national and regional policy documents regarding public funding of innovation systems and clusters, exposes how in half of the cases the state promotes the group of Basic and Manufacturing Industries. The group of New Technologies is being furthered in a third of the cases. In a fifth of the cases, the group of Service and Experience Industries is being furthered. This means that the groups of Basic and Manufacturing Industries and New Technologies, both primarily employing men as employees and entrepreneurs, has been given high priority within Sweden’s innovation policy while the group of Service and Experience Industries, employing mostly women or both men and women to the same extent, has been given a low priority. On a symbolical level, the two prioritized groups can be connected to two forms of masculinities: one based on physical strength and mechanical skills and the other on a calculating rationality among technological experts. Introducing the concept of co-construction of gender and innovation, I make visible how gender and innovation is mutually constructed within the innovation policy when the pattern of prioritization coincides with the gender segregated labour market. This co-construction rests upon an understanding of dualistic gender constructions. In order to achieve a less restricting practice within the making and execution of innovation policy programs, I find it necessary to highlight innovation systems and clusters that manage to bridge the gap between men dominated, women dominated and gender balanced branches of industry, thus erasing the need for segregating and hierarchical gender constructions in Sweden’s innovation policy.