Dissertations / Theses: 'Fifth Mode of Transport'

1

Sane, Yogesh. "Multi-Criteria Analysis of the proposed Hyperloop transport project in Northern Holland." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288405.

Full text

Abstract:

New technological advancements such as the “Hyperloop” touted as “the fifth mode of transport” could be an answer to the problems ailing the current transport industry. Hyperloop consists of transport pods running through low pressure tubes for the high speed(upto 1000 km/hr) transportation of goods and people. This technology came into prominence after the open design concept “Hyperloop Alpha” was published by Musk (2013) and since then several governments, academia and private firms have shown interest in the technology with a few test tracks being built in the U.S and Europe. The first Hyperloop human passenger tests at 48m/s (173kmph) inside the vacuum tube were successfully carried out by Virgin Hyperloop at Las Vegas, U.S.A in November 2020 (Mlot, S., 2020). Hardt in collaboration with the Province of North Holland had published a concept study on the impact of 5 proposed Hyperloop routes in Northern Holland (Prov. N-Holland & Hardt, 2020). This research project explores the proposed Hyperloop transport solution in North Holland and its neighbouring areas from a social, socio-economic and environmental perspective as a comparison with existing rail and aviation transport alternatives. A Multi-Criteria Analysis of one of the proposed Hyperloop transport project routes was conducted as a comparison with existing rail and aviation transport alternatives. Results showed that Hyperloop was the highest ranked transport alternative overall in this study, closely followed by Rail, and Aviation was ranked last. Within the social criteria, Hyperloop was ranked best whereas within socio-economic and environmental criteria, Rail was ranked as the best alternative. This MCA could be useful as an aid to decision makers such as regional and national governments, transport policymakers or investors for any similar Hyperloop transport projects within Europe. Nya tekniska framsteg som ”Hyperloop” som ”femte transportsättet” kan vara ett svar på de problem som drabbar den nuvarande transportbranschen. Hyperloop består av transportbälgen som går genom lågtrycksrör för transport av gods och människor med hög hastighet (upp till 1000 km / tim). Denna teknik kom till framträdande efter att det öppna designkonceptet ”Hyperloop Alpha” publicerades av Musk (2013) och sedan dess har flera regeringar, den akademiska världen och privata företag visat intresse för tekniken med några testspår som byggs i USA och Europa. De första Hyperloop-testningarna för mänskliga passagerare vid 48m / s (173kmph) inuti vakuumröret utfördes framgångsrikt av Virgin Hyperloop i Las Vegas, USA i november 2020 (Mlot, S., 2020). Hardt i samarbete med provinsen Nordholland hade publicerat en konceptstudie om effekterna av 5 föreslagna Hyperloop-rutter i norra Holland (Prov. N-Holland & Hardt, 2020). Detta forskningsprojekt utforskar den föreslagna Hyperloop-transportlösningen i Nordholland och dess närliggande områden ur ett socialt, socioekonomiskt och miljömässigt perspektiv som en jämförelse med befintliga tåg- och flygtransportalternativ. En multikriterieanalys av en av de föreslagna vägarna för Hyperloop-transportprojekt genomfördes som en jämförelse med befintliga järnvägs- och flygalternativ. Resultaten visade att Hyperloop var det högst rankade transportalternativet totalt sett i denna studie, tätt följt av Rail, och Aviation rankades sist. Inom de sociala kriterierna rankades Hyperloop bäst medan inom socioekonomiska och miljömässiga kriterier rankades Rail som det bästa alternativet. Denna MCA kan vara användbar som ett hjälpmedel för beslutsfattare som regionala och nationella regeringar, transportpolitiker eller investerare för liknande Hyperloop-transportprojekt inom Europa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Lewis, Dale B. (Dale Brian). "Freight mode choice : air transport versus ocean transport in the 1990s." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11828.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Lu, Simon. "Mode-Resolved Thermal Transport Across Semiconductor Heterostructures." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/708.

Full text

Abstract:

Thermal transport across three-dimensional Lennard-Jones superlattices, two-dimensional heterostructures of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and in C60 molecular crystals is studied atomistically. The first two systems are studied as finite junctions placed between bulk leads, while the molecular crystal is studied as a bulk. Two computational methods are used: molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and harmonic lattice dynamics calculations in conjunction with the scattering boundary method (SBM). In Lennard-Jones superlattice junctions with a superlattice period of four atomic monolayers at low temperatures, those with mass-mismatched leads have a greater thermal conductance than those with mass-matched leads. We attribute this lead effect to interference between and the ballistic transport of emergent junction vibrational modes. The lead effect diminishes when the temperature is increased, when the superlattice period is increased, and when interfacial disorder is introduced, and is reversed in the harmonic limit. In graphene-hBN heterostructure junctions, the thermal conductance is dominated by acoustic phonon modes near the Brillouin zone center that have high group velocity, population, and transmission coefficient. Out-of-plane modes make their most significant contributions at low frequencies, whereas in-plane modes contribute across the frequency spectrum. Finite-length superlattice junctions between graphene and hBN leads have a lower thermal conductance than comparable junctions between two graphene leads due to lack of transmission in the hBN phonon band gap. The thermal conductances of bilayer systems differ by less that 10% from their single-layer counterparts on a per area basis, in contrast to the strong thermal conductivity reduction when moving to from single- to multi-layer graphene. We model C60 molecules using the polymer consistent force-field and compute the single molecule vibrational spectrum and heat capacity. In the face-center cubic C60 molecular crystal at a temperature of 300 K, we find three frequency peaks in the center-of-mass translations at 20, 30 and 38 cm􀀀1, agreeing with the average frequencies of the three acoustic branches of the frozen phonon model of the same system and suggesting that a phonon description of center-of-mass translations. We use both direct method and Green- Kubo MD simulations to predict the thermal conductivity of the molecular crystals at a temperature of 300 K. We find that the thermal conductivity of the molecular crystal is 20 to 50% lower than that of a reduced order model where only molecular center-ofmass translations are present, suggesting that molecular vibrations and rotations act as significant scattering sources for the center-of-mass phonons.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Nam, Ki Chan. "Mode choice analysis for commodity transport in Korea." Thesis, Boston Spa, U.K. : British Library Document Supply Centre, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.248299.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Hamed, Myriam. "Electron heat transport in tokamak H-mode pedestals." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191128_HAMED_534gjvrc761ijwn176jbu525de_TH.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Dans les plasmas en mode H, la modélisation de la dynamique du piédestal est une question importante pour prédire les profils de température et de densité dans le bord et le cœur des tokamaks. Le modèle EPED , basé sur la stabilité de modes Magnetohydrodynamiques, est le plus souvent utilisé pour caractériser la région du piédestal. Ce modèle EPED ne prend pas en compte les microinstabilités pouvant se développer dans la région du piédestal. Ainsi, la prédiction des caractéristiques du piédestal est toujours une question ouverte. De plus, certaines analyses récentes des plasmas JET suggèrent qu’une autre classe d’instabilités, appelée modes de microdéchirement, peut être responsable du transport de chaleur des électrons et jouer ainsi un certain rôle dans la détermination des caractéristiques du piédestal. Les modes de microdéchirement appartiennent à une classe d’instabilités où une modification de la topologie des lignes de champ magnétique. Cela conduit à la formation d’îlots magnétiques qui peuvent augmenter le transport de chaleur électronique. La stabilité des MTMs a été théoriquement étudiée dans le passé, montrant qu’une couche de courant est stable en l’absence de collisions. En revanche, des simulations gyrocinétiques récentes ont révélé que les MTMs étaient instables, même à faible collisionalité. Le but de cette thèse est d'améliorer la compréhension de la stabilité des modes de microdéchirement en comparant une théorie analytique avec des simulations gyrocinétique. Plus précisément, différents mécanismes physiques (dérive magnétique..) ont été ajouté progressivement au modèle dans le but de réconcilier les résultats numériques avec la théorie analytique In H-mode plasmas, the modeling of the pedestal dynamics is an important issue to predict temperature and density profiles in the tokamak edge and therefore in the core. The EPED model, based on the stability of large scales MagnetoHydroDynamic (MHD) modes, is most commonly used to characterize the pedestal region. The EPED model has been successful until now. However, EPED model does not take into account small scales instabilities linked the the sharp pressure gradient and the pedestal characteristics prediction in terms of width and height is still open. Moreover, some recent analysis of JET plasmas suggest that another class of instabilities, called microtearing modes, may be responsible for electron heat transport in the pedestal, and thereby play some role in determining the pedestal characteristics. Microtearing modes belong to a class of instabilities where a modification of the magnetic field line topology is induced at the ion Larmor radius scale. This leads to the formation of magnetic islands, which can enhance the electron heat transport. The stability of MTMs has been theoretically studied in the past showing that a slab current sheet is stable in the absence of collisions. In contrast, recent gyrokinetic simulations in toroidal geometry found unstable MTMs, even at low collisionality. The purpose of our work is to improve the MTM stability understanding by comparing new analytical theory to linear gyrokinetic simulations. More precisely, physical mechanisms (magnetic drift, electric potential) are progressively included in the analytical description to recover the numerical simulations results and to "reconcile" numerical MTM investigations with theory

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Maslov, Mikhail. "Particle transport in JET and TCV H-mode plasmas /." Lausanne : EPFL, 2009. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=4450.

Full text

Abstract:

Thèse Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, no 4450 (2009), Faculté des sciences de base SB, Programme doctoral Physique, Centre de recherches en physique des plasmas CRPP (CRPP Association Euratom CRPP-AE). Dir.: Henri Weisen.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Mann, Eleanor. "Cognitive and affective antecedents of commuter transport mode choices." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425857.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Sadeghian, Paria. "Human mobility behavior : Transport mode detection by GPS data." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för information och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-36346.

Full text

Abstract:

GPS tracking data are widely used to understand human travel behavior and to evaluate the impact of travel. A major advantage with the usage of GPS tracking devices for collecting data is that it enables the researcher to collect large amounts of highly accurate and detailed human mobility data. However, unlabeled GPS tracking data does not easily lend itself to detecting transportation mode and this has given rise to a range of methods and algorithms for this purpose. The algorithms used vary in design and functionality, from defining specific rules to advanced machine learning algorithms. There is however no previous comprehensive review of these algorithms and this thesis aims to identify their essential features and methods and to develop and demonstrate a method for the detection of transport mode in GPS tracking data. To do this, it is necessary to have a detailed description of the particular journey undertaken by an individual. Therefore, as part of the investigation, a microdata analytic approach is applied to the problem areas, including the stages of data collection, data processing, analyzing the data, and decision making. In order to fill the research gap, Paper I consists of a systematic literature review of the methods and essential features used for detecting the transport mode in unlabeled GPS tracking data. Selected empirical studies were categorized into rule-based methods, statistical methods, and machine learning methods. The evaluation shows that machine learning algorithms are the most common. In the evaluation, I compared the methods previously used, extracted features, types of dataset, and model accuracy of transport mode detection. The results show that there is no standard method used in transport mode detection. In the light of these results, I propose in Paper II a stepwise methodology to detect five transport modes taking advantage of the unlabeled GPS data by first using an unsupervised algorithm to detect the five transport modes. A GIS multi-criteria process was applied to label part of the dataset. The performance of the five supervised algorithms was evaluated by applying them to different portions of the labeled dataset. The results show that stepwise methodology can achieve high accuracy in detecting the transport mode by labeling only 10% of the data from the entire dataset. For the future, one interesting area to explore would be the application of the stepwise methodology to a balanced and larger dataset. A semi-supervised deep-learning approach is suggested for development in transport mode detection, since this method can detect transport modes with only small amounts of labeled data. Thus, the stepwise methodology can be improved upon for further studies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Liu, Ying-Chun, Thomas J. Roussel, Joshua D. Moore, Qi Wang, and Keith E. Gubbins. "Dual-mode diffusion of argon confined in carbon nanotube bundles." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-191369.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Al-Hajri, Ghanem Mohamed. "The impact of sea-air mode on air cargo transport." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3259.

Full text

Abstract:

The following research looks into the concept of sea-air intermodality, a combination of two or more modes of transport for the carriage of goods from origin to destination. The study examines why and how this form of transport evolved to become a viable alternative to the conventional single modes of ocean and air transport. The viability of the sea-air mode depends on various equally important factors which are analysed in depth, with a special emphasis on the sea-air transfer port. fn this context, research findings of the world's existing sea-air hubs are recorded and evaluated in terms of their present and future trends. At a sea-air transfer hub, ocean cargo is converted to direct air freight, thus adding new volumes of air cargoes. In this respect, sea-air plays a positive role in the present and future development of the air freight industry. The impact of the sea-air mode can be most clearly seen in the case study analysis in Chapter 10 of this thesis, whereby the potential for 'convertibility' of large portions of low density ocean cargoes to the sea-aix mode, is successfully demonstrated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Araya, Yeheyies. "Detecting Swiching Points and Mode of Transport from GPS Tracks." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-91320.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent years, various researches are under progress to enhance the quality of the travel survey. These researches were mainly performed with the aid of GPS technology. Initially the researches were mainly focused on the vehicle travel mode due to the availability of GPS technology in vehicle. But, nowadays due to the accessible of GPS devices for personal uses, researchers have diverted their focus on personal mobility in all travel modes. This master’s thesis aimed at developing a mechanism to extract one type of travel survey information particularly travel mode from collected GPS dataset. The available GPS dataset is collected for travel modes of walk, bike, car, and public transport travel modes such as bus, train and subway. The developed procedure consists of two stages where the first is the dividing the track trips into trips and further the trips into segments by means of a segmentation process. The segmentation process is based on an assumption that a traveler switches from one transportation mode to the other. Thus, the trips are divided into walking and non walking segments. The second phase comprises a procedure to develop a classification model to infer the separated segments with travel modes of walk, bike, bus, car, train and subway. In order to develop the classification model, a supervised classification method has been used where decision tree algorithm is adopted. The highest obtained prediction accuracy of the classification system is walk travel mode with 75.86%. In addition, the travel modes of bike and bus have shown the lowest prediction accuracy. Moreover, the developed system has showed remarkable results that could be used as baseline for further similar researches.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Wang, Xin. "Turbulent Particle Transport in H-Mode Plasmas on Diii-D." W&M ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1477068266.

Full text

Abstract:

Particle transport is an important topic in plasma physics. It determines the density profile of a burning plasma within a tokamak – a magnetic confinement device. Microscopic turbulent particle transport is two orders of magnitude larger than other transport mechanisms for electrons and small ions. In order to confine a plasma in a tokamak with a core density that exceeds the fusion criteria, it is essential to study turbulent particle transport. This thesis investigates how different plasma parameters such as the toroidal rotation and microscopic instabilities affect turbulent particle transport in the DIII-D tokamak. First, we show how toroidal rotation can indirectly affect particle transport, through its contribution to the radial electric field and thus the E ×B shearing rate. The plasma discharge which has best confinement is the one whose E × B shearing rate is larger than or at least similar to the growth rates that drive turbulent transport at the plasma edge. Second, for the first time on DIII-D, we observe a correlation between electron density gradient and instability mode frequency in the plasma core. We find that, when the turbulence is driven by the ion temperature gradient (ITG), the local density gradient increases as the the absolute frequency of the dominant unstable mode decreases. Once the dominant unstable mode switches over to the trapped electron mode (TEM) regime, the local density gradient decreases again. as a result the density gradient reaches a maximum when the mode has zero frequency, which is corresponds to the cross over from ITG to TEM. This correlation opens a new opportunity for future large burning plasma devices such as ITER to increase the core density by controlling the turbulence regime. Finally, we show that, in low density regime, a reduction in core density is observed when electron cyclotron heating (ECH) is applied. This reduction is not the result of a change in turbulence regime nor the result of a change in the density gradient in the core. Through detailed time-dependent experimental analysis, linear gyro-kinetic simulations, and comparison to turbulence measurements we show that this reduction in core density is the result of an increase in turbulence drive at the plasma edge.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Bruno, Antonio 1972. "Tearing-mode transport model in the reversed field pinch concept." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30007.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 2002. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-188). In this thesis, a self-consistent model for analyzing the transport performance of a Reversed Field Pinch (RFP)-type of thermonuclear fusion reactor has been developed. The study has been focused on determining equilibrium configurations which describe a plasma evolution dominated by particular instabilities originated by plasma electrical resistivity (tearing-, or resistive interchange, modes). The ultimate goal is to provide a model of transport scaling in an RFP which can evaluate the global parameters describing the plasma confinement performance. Starting from a magnetic field configuration essentially given by Taylor's relaxation model, the self-consistent pressure profile is determined by assuming that the ohmic heating source raises the plasma pressure until the profile is locally marginally stable to tearing modes. A critical point here is the long held belief that an RFP, because of its bad curvature, would always be unstable to tearing or resistive interchange modes; that is, no marginally stable state exists. This belief turns out to be untrue. The basis for this statement is a careful ordering of the resistive layer dynamics, showing that thermal conductivity dominates over convection and compressibility. Thus, the use of the adiabatic equation of state in earlier work is not accurate for an RFP. (cont.) As a result, tearing and interchange modes can indeed be stabilized in an RFP. In this model, a proper, selfconsistent definition of tearing-mode marginality has been used as a prescription for building the pressure profile. The actual numerical determination of the marginally stable profiles can be solved by using state-of-the-art personal computers. It is worth emphasizing that there are no free parameters in the model. Point checks indicate reasonable agreement with typical experimental data. Parametric numerical studies are also shown, spanning the operational space of RFP experiments, and finally providing the tearing mode transport scaling relations for the global confinement parameters. Comparisons with experiments as well as other transport models are shown. by Antonio Bruno. Ph.D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Liu, C. P. "Understanding the factors influencing public transport mode choice in Taiwan." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1575564/.

Full text

Abstract:

Promoting public transport use, which has become an important part of government strategies to reduce carbon emissions from the transport sector worldwide, requires a good understanding of the factors that influence public transport mode choice including the policy implementation process. Previous studies have identified a range of factors influencing public transport use while few have brought all these factors together in a single study. Additionally, few studies have sought to understand public transport mode choice and public transport policy implementation processes in East and Southeast Asian countries. This is of concern as conditions in East and Southeast Asia are significantly different from those in many parts of the Western world with typical features of higher population density, a higher proportion of motorbike use and evolving governance structures. This study explores public transport policy implementation and public transport mode choice in Taiwan – a country that bridges East and Southeast Asia. A number of interviews with transport policymakers and planners were conducted to understand how the current governance structure impacts public transport policy implementation. A conceptual model was developed based on the COM-B model (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour) proposed by Michie et al (2011) which allows a comprehensive range of factors influencing travel mode choice to be considered. This conceptual model was tested using a variety of modelling approaches including multi-level regression analysis and structural equation modelling. The study finds the relationships between objective and subjective walking environment measures, walkability and walking to access public transport, and gives evidence that the COM-B model can apply to public transport mode choice. It was also found that land use variables have a stronger relationship with intention to use public transport for motorbike user than car users and has a greater effect at the trip destination than at the trip origin. The key factors influencing public transport policy implementation identified in this study can be a good reference for Southeast Asian countries if they are going to implement public transport plan. From the results obtained by the analysis of capability, opportunity and motivation influence travel mode choice, implementing effective strategies and build up a well-function public transport service to ensure a favoured environment for public transport over motorbike and car use is critical for a sustainable future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Salerno, Bruno. "Transport mode inference by multimodal map matching and sequence classification." Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278988.

Full text

Abstract:

Automation of travel diary collection, an essential input for transport planning, has been a fruitful line of research for the last years; in particular, concerning the problem of automatic inference of transport modes. Taking advantage of technological advance, several solutions based on the collection of mobile devices data, such as GPS locations and variables related to movement (such as speed) and motion (e.g. measurements from accelerometer), have been investigated. The literature shows that many of them rely on explicit initial segmentation of GPS trajectories into trip legs, followed by a segment-based classification problem. In some cases, GIS-related features are included in the classification instance, but usually in terms of distance to transport networks or to specific points of interest (POIs). The aim of this MSc Thesis is to investigate a novel transport mode inference procedure based on the generation of topological features from a multimodal map matching instance. We define topological features as the topological context of each point of a GPS trajectory. Further utilization of these features as part of a sequence classification problem leads to mode prediction and to the implicit definition of the trip legs. In addition to not depending on an explicit segmentation step, the proposed routine also has less requirements in terms of the complexity of the required GIS features: there is no need to consider distance features, and the proposed map matching implementation does not require the usage of one unified multimodal network —as other multimodal map matching approaches do. The procedure was tested with a travel diary data set collected in Stockholm, containing 4246 trips from 368 different commuters. The transport modes considered were walk, subway, commuter train, bus and tram. In order to assess the impact of the topological context, different feature set compositions were investigated, including topological and conventional movement and motion features. Three different classifiers —decision tree, support vector machine and conditional random field— were evaluated as well. The results show that the proposed procedure reached high accuracy, with a performance that is similar to the one offered by current approaches; and that the most performant feature set composition was the one that included both topological and movement and motion features. The best evaluation measures were obtained with decision tree and conditional random field classifiers, but with some differences: while both of the them presented similar recall, the former yielded better precision and the latter achieved a higher segmentation quality.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Liu, Ying-Chun, Thomas J. Roussel, Joshua D. Moore, Qi Wang, and Keith E. Gubbins. "Dual-mode diffusion of argon confined in carbon nanotube bundles." Diffusion fundamentals 11 (2009) 93, S. 1-2, 2009. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14066.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Kwan, Cho-yam Joe, and 關祖蔭. "To investigate slow mode transport for urban tourism in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49885923.

Full text

Abstract:

In the context of global competition, Hong Kong has positioned her social and urban infrastructure to foster the advanced service sector activities of urban tourism. The success of the urban area as a place making for tourism is the embedding of sustainable and innovative principles in the planning process and the implementation of the stakeholders and travelers aspirations. A holistic and adaptive public transport planning and alternative transport modes are one of the key issue that contribute to the success of urban tourism development now and the future. For the advancement of travel information technology and infrastructure of urban tourism, it enables more individual travelers rather than conventional group-tour visit to Hong Kong. Those individual travelers are mostly in the form of slow travel where one visits to destinations more slowly overland, stay longer and travel less with the importance of travel experience to a destination engagement with slow modes of transport. This morphology from mass and efficient tourism to newer form of individual and experienced tourism takes forward the notion of queries and justifications of conventional fast and efficient transport planning and modal choice could provide tourist a real understanding of localities of urban culture and detail settings. This dissertation aiming to examine the concept and theory of slow travel in associate with slow mode of transportation application and the potential planning recommendation for urban tourism in Hong Kong. The objective of this research is to see how slow travel theories that had been popularized in overseas countries could be applied in Hong Kong with the support of public transport service and planning enhancement. In this research, the interdisciplinary research to examine of the problem is form a multi-disciplinary approach while the solution and recommendation is form a management perspective –transport and urban planning published_or_final_version Urban Planning and Design Master Master of Science in Urban Planning

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Childers, Chadwick T. "Instrument choice of fifth grade boys and girls aural and visual preference based on presentation mode." FIU Digital Commons, 2004. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2331.

Full text

Abstract:

The general purpose of this research was to determine if a lesson including gender will influence the instrument selection process of fifth grade children. Subjects were two homogeneous groups of fifth grade students from Miami, Florida. Each group received a lesson concerning five acoustic musical instruments: the clarinet, flute, saxophone, trumpet, and drums with photos and music excerpts. The control group did not receive a gender lecture nor did the photographs depict anyone playing the instrument. Overwhelmingly, drums were the instrument of choice in both groups. As a result a second experiment was designed to replicate experiment 1, but drums were removed from the choices and the trombone was substituted as a "male' instrument. It was concluded that gender did have an effect on the instrument selection process in young children.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Gueye, Bonfils. "Processus de développement d'une agglomération et interaction de deux systèmes de transport : mode conventionnel et mode traditionnel à Abidjan." Paris 12, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA120030.

Full text

Abstract:

Une contradiction majeure a toujours domine les relations entre le systeme conventionnel de transports collectifs et le systeme traditionnel : d'un cote, un environnement institutionnel et juridique caracterise par l'affirmation du monopole du service au mode conventionnel, par consequent la non reconnaissance de la forme artisanale et de l'autre, une situation de deficit permanent de l'offre par rapport a la demande. Dans le cadre de cette contradiction, la coexistence des deux formes de transport amene des inter-relations concurrencielles avec des dimensions conflictuelles ou l'appareil d'etat a souvent pris une part active. Mais face a l'importance des problemes de deplacements a resoudre, cette vision conflictuelle de leurs rapports doit s'effacer devant la consideration de leurs complementarites qui apparaissent a plusieurs niveaux de leurs points d'articulation. Alors, la decision de liberaliser le secteur des transports collectifs amenee par les difficultes croissantes de l'appareil d'etat a soutenir le systeme conventionnel, au niveau des modalites de son application, devrait depasser la vision restrictive de la banque mondiale pour privilegier la construction d'un systeme global base sur les modes existants conjugues avec de nouveaux modes dans le cadre d'une coordination d'ensemble par une " autorite organisatrice" des transports collectifs A major contradiction has always dominated the relationship between the conventional public transportation system and the traditional one in abidjan : in one side an institutional and juridical environnement caracterised by the affirmation of the monopoly of the service to the conventional mode, accordingly the non acknowlegment of the traditional mode and in the auther side a permanent situation of deficit of the offer compared with the needs of transportation. In the outline of that contradiction, the coexistence of the two transportation forms brings concurrential relationships with conflictual aspects where the state apparatus has often taken an active part. But in reference to the importance of travel problems to solve, that conflictual vision of their relations has to be cleaned up in front of their complementarities wich appear at many levels of the points of their articulation. Then, the decision to liberalise the public transport sector brought by the growing difficulties of the state apparatus to sustain the conventional system, at the level of it's application modalities, has to pass the restrictive vision of the world bank to privilege the construction of a global system based on existing modes coupled with new ones in a coordination framework conducted by a "autorite organisatrice" of public transports

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Pedersen, Tore. "Affective Forecasting in Travel Mode Choice." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för psykologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-8685.

Full text

Abstract:

The general aim of this thesis was to investigate affective forecasting in the context of public transport. Paper I, Study 1 revealed that non-users of public transport were less satisfied with the services than users. It was hypothesised that non-users were biased in their satisfaction ratings, a claim that was subsequently investigated in Paper I, Study 2, where a field experiment revealed that car users suffer from an impact bias, due to being more satisfied with the services after a trial period than they predicted they would be. To address the question of whether a focusing illusion is the psychological mechanism responsible for this bias, two experiments containing critical incidents were conducted in Paper II. These experiments investigated whether car users exaggerate the impact that specific incidents have on their future satisfaction with public transport. A negative critical incident generated lower predicted satisfaction with public transport, both for car users with a stated intention to change their current travel mode (in Paper II, Study 1) and for car users with no stated intention to change their travel mode (in Paper II, Study 2), which support the hypothesis that the impact bias in car users’ predictions about future satisfaction with public transport is caused by a focusing illusion. Paper III showed that car users misremember their satisfaction with public transport as a result of their recollections of satisfaction with public transport being lower than their on-line experienced satisfaction. Additionally, the desire to repeat the public transport experience is explained only by remembered satisfaction, not by on-line experienced satisfaction. Paper IV investigated whether a defocusing technique would counteract the focusing illusion by introducing a broader context, thereby generating higher predicted satisfaction. A generic defocusing technique, conducted in Paper IV, Study 1, did not generate higher predicted satisfaction, whereas a self-relevant defocusing technique conducted in Paper IV, Study 2 generated higher predicted satisfaction with public transport. Additionally, it was found that car-use habit accounts for the level of predicted satisfaction regardless of defocusing; the stronger the car-use habit, the lower the predicted satisfaction. The conclusions from this thesis are that non-users of public transport rate the services lower than users do, and that car users become more satisfied when using the services than they predicted. These mispredictions are a result of over-focusing on a limited range of aspects in public transport (i.e., a focusing illusion). Car users’ desire to repeat the public transport experience is influenced by their inaccurate memories of the services and not by their actual experiences. However, defocusing techniques may help car users make more accurate predictions about future satisfaction with public transport; this could facilitate a mode switch from using the car to using public transport services more often. Switching to a more sustainable transport mode could be beneficial for the individual and for society.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Andrieu, Nelly, and Lee Weiss. "Transport mode and network architecture : carbon footprint as a new decision metric." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45250.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-133). This thesis examines the tradeoffs between carbon footprint, cost, time and risk across three case studies of United States' perishable or consumer packaged goods firms and their transportation partners. Building upon previous research, and utilizing an Institute of Management and Administration (IOMA) and MIT Center for Transportation and Logistics (CTL) survey of supply chain professionals, the goal of this thesis is to better understand the decision process and motivations of our case study companies with regard to carbon footprint and implications for transport mode and network architecture, and the tradeoffs involved in making these decisions. We examine: (1) An expedited refrigerated rail service providing coast-to-coast shipment of produce for a major retailer, in lieu of its prior trucking arrangement; (2) A dairy producer which with the help of its trucking partner switched from less-than-truckload (LTL) to full truckload (FTL) and currently explore the possibility to re-organize its distribution network; and (3) A bottled water firm which created an additional container shipping route to reduce the volume of water it ships via truck. Comparisons and contrasts are made between case study firms. Findings from these case studies are used to make forward-looking recommendations for companies interested in altering transport mode and/or network architecture as a means of reducing the carbon footprint of their operations. by Nelly Andrieu and Lee Weiss. M.Eng.in Logistics

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Tetali, S. "Distance, transport mode, and road safety on school journeys in urban India." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2017. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/3449897/.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: A third of a billion children travel to school every day in India, yet little is known about this journey. Increasing motorisation in India is likely to have implications for road safety of children. This thesis develops methods to measure distance to school, transport modes, and risk of road traffic injury, on journeys to school in Hyderabad. Methods: Following a systematic review, a self-completion questionnaire was developed to estimate the distance and modes of travel to school in India. Its validity and reliability was assessed using the kappa statistic. A cross-sectional survey using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling design was conducted in government funded, government aided, and private schools in Hyderabad. The relationship between modes of travel and distance to school was analysed using logistic regression, adjusting for confounders. The prevalence of road traffic injury in the previous 12 months during school journeys was estimated, and the impacts of alternative transport scenarios on road injury was modelled. Results: The questionnaire provided reliable information on the usual mode of travel to school, and road injury. Distance to school measured by asking for the nearest landmark to a child’s home was found to be a valid measure of distance compared to a method based on in-depth interviews with children. Forty five schools including 5,842 children aged 11-14 years participated in the survey, with a response rate of 99%. Most children in Hyderabad walked or cycled to school. Others travelled by motorised 2-wheelers, auto-rickshaw, school bus, public transport bus, and car. Greater distance to school was strongly associated with the use of motorised transport. A sixth of all children reported a road injury during school journeys, which was strongly associated with travel mode and distance to school. The overall risk of road injury was 25/100,000 child km per year. Relative to school bus occupants, bicyclists, pedestrians and motorcycle passengers were more likely to be injured, for the same distance travelled. The model showed that road injuries can be prevented under transportation scenarios that restrict distance and motorised vehicles near schools. Conclusions: The questionnaire reliably measured mode of travel to school and estimated distances to school in Hyderabad. Most children walked or cycled to school and if these levels are to be maintained, there is an urgent need to ensure that walking and cycling may be done safely.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Anders, Jason C. "Gated Hall and field-effect transport characterization of e-mode ZnO TFTs." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1628759244201245.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Yamaguchi, T., and S. Koda. "Mode-coupling theoretical analysis of transport and relaxation properties of liquid dimethylimidazolium chloride." American Institute of Physics, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14157.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Mialaret, Benoît. "Pôles d'échanges multimodaux et interfaçage des échelles de transport." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30086/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Face aux défis actuels posés par la pollution atmosphérique et la congestion des axes routiers urbains et périurbains et à l’étalement urbain, les pôles d'échanges multimodaux (PEM) sont conçus et mis en œuvre comme des outils de développement de mobilités durables, susceptibles de favoriser l’utilisation de modes de transport complémentaires (marche à pied, vélo, autobus urbains, tramways, métros…).Leur présence de plus en plus affirmée le long des axes de transports collectifs en site propre (TCSP) démontre leur adaptabilité aux différents contextes institutionnels, territoriaux et réticulaires. Leur but est de limiter le trafic automobile entrant dans les villes, et de susciter un report modal suffisant vers les transports collectifs. Cela donne lieu à des études très poussées en matière d’estimation des flux et d’insertion urbaine. Car les PEM entretiennent des relations avec les quartiers où ils sont implantés.Mais cette profusion des PEM, que l'on observe depuis une trentaine d'années - avec une accélération au début des années 2000 - cache en réalité des réalités bien différentes, tout comme les appellations que les AOTU leur donnent. En dépit de tentatives de normalisation, faites par les pouvoirs publics, nous constatons que le fonctionnement des PEM et leur configuration physique répondent avant tout aux nécessités locales et aux compromis entre les différents acteurs impliqués dans la construction et l’exploitation de ce type d’équipements.Notre thèse se propose donc de dresser un état des lieux de la recherche en matière de PEM et d'intermodalité, en ayant recours à de nombreux outils et méthodes (relevés et enquêtes de terrain, entretiens avec des professionnels acteurs du secteur des transports publics, démarche modélisatrice et d’inventaire des services proposés) pour déterminer si le PEM est bien un élément majeur des politiques de transport public et s'il contribue pleinement, en son sein, à l'interfaçage d'échelles de transports complémentaires Confront the challenges posed by air pollution and congestion on urban and suburban roads and urban sprawl, the multimodal hubs are designed and implemented as a sustainable mobility development tools, which may promote the use of complementary modes of transport (walking, cycling, transit buses, trams, subways ...).Their presence increasingly assertive along public transport axes own site demonstrates their adaptability to different institutional contexts, territorial and reticular. Their goal is to limit car traffic entering the cities, and generate sufficient modal shift towards public transport. This gives rise to very extensive studies in estimating flow and urban integration. Indeed, multimodal hubs have relations with the neighborhoods where they are located.But this profusion of multimodal hubs, which is observed over the past thirty years - with an acceleration in the early 2000’s - actually hides realities very different, as are the names that give them local transport authorities. Despite standardization attempts made by the government, we find that the operation of multimodal hubs and their physical configuration leads to meet local needs and compromise between the different actors involved in the construction and operation of this type of equipment.Our thesis therefore proposes to draw up an inventory of research for multimodal hubs and intermodality, by using many tools and methods (surveys and field surveys, interviews with professionals involved in public transport sector, model-process and inventory of available services) to determine whether the multimodal hub is a major element of public transport policies and if it contributes, within it, interfacing complementary scales transport

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Jeong, Seong-Ho. "Flow management for voice/data transport over UDP/TCP based networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15648.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

AlSaeid, Hana M. "The potential effects of alternative transport policies on commuters' mode choice in metropolitan Kuwait." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505840.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Denktas, Sakar Gul. "Mode choice decisions and the organisational buying process in multimodal transport : a triangulated approach." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528076.

Full text

Abstract:

Transportation is considered as one of the major components of the logistics process which refers to managing the movement of goods by using different modes and routes to provide the required level of service quality in a cost-effective way. Decisions regarding the choice of particular modes or routes and the processes involved include many different criteria to be considered by the buyers of these services. Although previous literature focused heavily on the carrier and mode selection processes, a detailed analysis of the decision-making in terms of the main stages and relevant factors in multimodal transport from a marketing perspective has been limited. This thesis explores the decision-making and buying process related to multimodal transportation by considering multimodal transport as an overall service and investigating the buying processes of freight forwarders as one of the important intermediaries in the transportation channel. Turkey has been selected as a specific case study. The research aims to examine the perceptions regarding multimodal transport according to some determined criteria by considering the factors related to the business environment and the buying process on the part of the participants. A triangulation method is used to analyse the buying process of freight forwarders in multimodal transport. Firstly, exploratory semi-structured interviews were carried out; secondly, a Delphi study was conducted to obtain an insight into the multimodal transport applications in Turkey by focusing on the main drawbacks, the decision-making processes and the related criteria. The findings of the semi-structured interviews and Delphi study provided a basis for the survey design as the next stage of the thesis. Thirdly, a survey questionnaire was conducted with the participation of freight forwarding companies; it aimed to explore the buying process in multimodal transport by focusing on the mode choice perspective. Factors related to the business environment and the perceptionso f the respondentsw ith regardst o multimodal transport were analysed. Lastly, a specific case study which focused on the different route and mode combinations between Turkey and United Kingdom was conducted. The case study used a specific cost model to analyse the possible routeing options and mode combinations between the two countriesb y consideringt he perceptionso f the participantsa bout the options presented. Since Turkey is still developing in terms of multimodal transport operations, an in-depth analysis regarding the perceptions about this specific transport operation according to some determined criteria and the investigation of buying process by integrating the logistics and marketing management concepts has been an important contribution of the study.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Guiver, Josephine Wilhelmina. "Understanding the conceptual models used in transport planning and mode choice : a case study." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399927.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Lin, Yi-Chun. "An investigation into the ability of transport initiatives to change commuter travel mode choices." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/4120.

Full text

Abstract:

Private vehicle use poses a major challenge as a main contributor to climate change. A framework (Avoid/Reduce, Shift, Improve or ASI) has been developed which suggests that a broad approach is required when reducing the effect of transport on climate change. Review of the literature suggests that policy has tended to focus on the shift element of the ASI framework. This raises questions as to whether people would like to shift to public transport, and whether transport policymakers focusing on the shift element of the ASI framework is an effective approach. Further questions also remain with regard to whether the shift element is being adequately implemented. Indeed, internationally governments have tended to take a narrow approach to the shift policy which has focused on pull (incentive) initiatives but neglected push initiatives (disincentives). This thesis critically evaluates the feasibility of this focus on pull initiatives. This is explored through a case study of New Taipei City, Taiwan, where the government is providing major investment in pull initiatives, particularly Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) infrastructure, to get people to shift to public transport. Adopting a mixed method research approach, commuter surveys and qualitative semi-structured interviews were undertaken to explore both the commuters' perspective and the opinions of key actors and critical observers of the policies implemented. Car and motorcycle users' main reasons for using private vehicles are comprised of their dependency on using private vehicles, work-related purposes (e.g. job responsibilities, and position), and socio-economic factors. This makes changing their mode of transport difficult, when focusing on a narrow set of pull initiatives. Furthermore, there has been a lack of integration of initiatives such as the MRT infrastructure improvements with new bus services and cycleways, so their pull policies could have been stronger. Consequently, transport officials' efforts to change commuter travel behaviour are less effective than intended. A combination of pull and push initiatives may be a more balanced approach to changing people's behaviour in relation to their trip choice, and thus implementing sustainable transport interventions. However, there is likely to be a lack of political will for push initiatives. Consistent with previous findings in the academic literature, there is a need to take a broader approach to tackling the effects of transport on climate change. This thesis has provided further evidence to support this argument and questions why policy continues not to adequately reflect the need for a more holistic approach.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Dominguez, Arturo Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Study of density fluctuations and particle transport at the edge of I-mode plasmas." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79261.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, September 2012. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-208). The wide range of plasma parameters available on Alcator C-Mod has led to the accessibility of many regimes of operation. Since its commissioning, C-Mod has accessed the Linear ohmic confinement, Saturated ohmic confinement, L-Mode and ELM-free, ELMy and Enhanced D[alpha] H-Mode regimes. Recently, another novel regime, the IMode, has been identified[1][2][3][4]. I-modes feature the presence of steep H-Mode-like electron and ion temperature gradients at the edge of the plasma with L-Mode-like density profiles. The I-Mode, in contrast to the Hl-mode, shows very weak degradation of energy confinement with increased input power, and routinely reaches H98 > 1 while operating at low edge collisionalities ... making it a good candidate for reactor relevant tokamaks. Also relevant for reactors, this regime can be sustained in steady state for more than -15 energy confinement times without the need for ELMs to regulate particle and impurity confinement. Changes in edge density, temperature and magnetic field fluctuations accompany the L-mode to I-mode transition, with reduction of fluctuations in the 50-150kHz range as well as the appearance of a Weakly Coherent Mode (WCM) in the 200-300kHz range, analogous to the Quasi-Coherent Mode (QCM) characteristic of the Enhanced D[alpha] H-mode. Previous work[4] has established a connection between the midrange fluctuation suppression and reduction in the effective thermal diffusivity, Xye, in the pedestal region. The mechanism in I-mode for maintaining sufficient particle transport to avoid impurity accumulation and instabilities has been unclear. The O-mode reflectometry system has been extensively used for the characterization and detection of the I-mode and the WCM, in part, enhanced by upgrades to the system which enabled the baseband detection of density fluctuations at an array of cutoff locations at the edge of the plasma[5] [6] [7]. Using a novel model, the autopower signals of reflectometry channels detecting the density fluctuations have been decomposed into a broadband component and a WCM component. The latter is then used to estimate the intensity of the WCM. In parallel, the particle transport across the LCFS in I-mode plasmas has been estimated using a volume integrated particle transport model, where ionization source measurements are acquired using D[alpha] profiles measured near the outboard midplane. This model takes into account the anisotropic ionization source density around the periphery of the plasma by introducing an asymmetry factor, [sigma], which is then estimated using a study of I-Mode to H-Mode transitions. The results imply that measurements at the outboard midplane overestimate the surface-averaged influx. Finally, a comparison has been made between the particle flux across the LCFS of the I-mode and the intensity of the WCM, which shows a generally positive correlation between the two. This is supporting evidence that the WCM is, in fact, responsible for maintaining particle and impurity transport across the edge of the I-mode energy transport barrier. by Arturo Dominguez. Ph.D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Almedeij, Jaber H. "Bedload Transport in Gravel-Bed Streams under a wide range of Shields Stresses." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27110.

Full text

Abstract:

Bedload transport is a complicated phenomenon in gravel-bed streams. Several factors account for this complication, including the different hydrologic regime under which different stream types operate and the wide range of particle sizes of channel bed material. Based on the hydrologic regime, there are two common types of gravel-bed streams: perennial and ephemeral. In terms of channel bed material, a gravel bed may have either unimodal or bimodal sediment. This study examines more closely some aspects of bedload transport in gravel-bed streams and proposes explanations based on fluvial mechanics. First, a comparison between perennial and ephemeral gravel-bed streams is conducted. This comparison demonstrates that under a wide range of Shields stresses, the trends exhibited by the bedload transport data of the two stream types collapse into one continuous curve, thus a unified approach is warranted. Second, an empirical bedload transport relation that accounts for the variation in the make-up of the surface material within a wide range of Shields stresses is developed. The accuracy of the relation is tested using available bedload transport data from streams with unimodal sediment. The relation is also compared against other formulae available in the literature that are commonly used for predicting bedload transport in gravel-bed streams. Third, an approach is proposed for transforming the bimodal sediment into two independent unimodal fractions, one for sand and another for gravel. This transformation makes it possible to carry out two separate computations of bedload transport rate using the bedload relation developed in this study for unimodal sediment. The total bedload transport rate is estimated by adding together the two contributions. Ph. D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Ziedén, Therése. "Development of a Logit model of the transition effect to public transport." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-141691.

Full text

Abstract:

The importance of traffic planning has, throughout the years, been in- creased, providing sustainable developments of traffic and infrastructural investments. The analysis of the current traffic situation and the evalua- tion of the effects of a future investment are crucial for the socio-economic benefits maintenance. These analyses and evaluations are most commonly done using traffic simulation models. One of the main traffic planning aims, nowadays, is to increase the number of public transport users against the number of private car users. This change in mode choice is called transition effect and could be beneficial both from an environmental and socio-economic perspective. This thesis aims to evaluate and improve the macroscopic traffic demand and transition model, used fot the city of Norrköping. Additionally, the thesis investigates if a general transition Logit model can be developed and which parameters are the most important to be included in a modal choice estimation. For the needs of this study, the traffic planning software Visum is used. The travel mode distribution is calculated by Logit models coded in Python-scripts integrated in Visum. Then, a traffic assignment is performed by Visum, computing new travel times as inputs to the Logit model and this iterative procedure continues until the system reaches an equilibrium. The thesis aims for a more reliable prediction of the transition effect by correcting the Python-scripts and estimating the parameters of the Logit model using data from surveys. The study shows that travel times is the most important factor for realistic results generation. However, the data used for the estimation of the Logit model parameters did not include sufficient information of travel times. The travel times had to be calculated, using two different methods, in order to be included in the estimation of new parameters. Although these methods could not provide any positive effects on the transition, they did prove the importance and significance travel time have when developing a traffic model. The result of the study invokes the importance to further develop the method of calculating travel times, when the input data is not sufficient, and shows that the travel time parameters are case specific.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Li, Li. "The asymptotic behavior for the Vlasov-Poisson-Boltzmann system & heliostat with spinning-elevation tracking mode /." access full-text access abstract and table of contents, 2009. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/thesis.pl?phd-ma-b30082419f.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2009. "Submitted to Department of Mathematics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliographical references (leaves [84]-87)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Miki, Kazuhiro. "Transport dynamics associated with geodesic acoustic mode near the critical gradient regime in tokamak plasmas." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135586.

Full text

Abstract:

Kyoto University (京都大学) 0048 新制・課程博士 博士(エネルギー科学) 甲第13951号 エネ博第172号 新制||エネ||40(附属図書館) UT51-2008-C867 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー基礎科学専攻 (主査)教授岸本泰明, 教授近藤克己, 教授福山淳 学位規則第4条第1項該当

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Ayadi, Mohamed. "Étude et modélisation du vieillissement des supercondensateurs en mode combiné cyclage/calendaire pour applications transport." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0092/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Dans le but de l’intégration des supercondensateurs dans des applicationstransport, la connaissance et l’étude de leur comportement au cours du vieillissementest nécessaire. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc la compréhension et lamodélisation des phénomènes de vieillissement observés sur lessupercondensateurs. Pour cela, des méthodologies de caractérisation électriques etdes protocoles expérimentaux originaux combinant les différentes contraintes devieillissement ont été mis en oeuvre. Des mesures du courant de fuite et des tests devieillissement combinés ont été effectués. Les résultats obtenus sont présentés. Ilsont ainsi servis au développement et l’implémentation de modèles permettant le suivide l’évolution des performances des supercondensateurs avec le vieillissement The study of the behavior of supercapacitors during ageing is required in orderto integrate them in transportation applications. The aim of this thesis is tounderstand and model ageing phenomena observed on supercapacitors. For thispurpose, electrical characterization methodologies and original experimentalprotocols combining various constraints of ageing have been implemented.Measurements of leakage current and combined ageing tests were conducted. Theobtained results were used for developing models allowing the monitoring of theevolution of supercapacitors performance during ageing

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Richter, Vide. "Transport Choices and Vehicle Ownership with Autonomous Vehicles : A modelling effort on car ownership, transport mode choice and travel demand with Driverless Technology." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233863.

Full text

Abstract:

Transport is one of the basic needs of a functioning society. Unfortunately, transport also pollutes our cities and release greenhouses gases. Driverless technology is a technology predicted to disrupt the future transport system, and perhaps change how we travel from private cars to shared vehicles. This study focuses on the aspect of privately owned versus shared driverless vehicles, to create more knowledge of how the future transport system will look. A utility-based demand model is used to find the demand for private and shared transport when driverless vehicles are available. The utility of different transport options is estimated by looking at earlier studies about the performance of driverless cars, driverless buses and shared driverless taxis, which is used as input for the utility model. The results indicate that driverless technology will not be a catalyst that makes transport go from private to shared. While driverless buses can improve public transport, and shared driverless taxis outcompete current taxis, driverless technology will also improve private vehicles. The results in this study imply that the sustainability improvements earlier reports have predicted with a high use of shared driverless transportation might not materialise unless efforts are done to increase use of shared transportation. Transport är ett av de grundläggande behoven för ett välfungerande samhälle. På samma gång släpper transporter ut både växthusgaser och skadliga partiklar. Självkörande teknik är något som förväntas revolutionera framtidens transportsystem, förhoppningen är att de ska förändra hur folk reser från privata bilar till delade transporter. Denna studie fokuserar på den förhoppningen. Kommer framtidens transporter ske i privata självkörande fordon eller delade självkörande fordon och vad i sin tur betyder det för framtidens transportsystem? Med en nyttobaserad efterfråge- och bilinnehavsmodell modelleras efterfrågan av självkörande delade taxis, självkörande bussar och självkörande privatbilar. Resultaten indikerar att självkörande teknik inte nödvändigtvis kommer vara en katalysator som får människor att sluta äga och använda privatbilar. Självkörande bussar kan göra kollektivtrafiken bättre, och självkörande delade taxibilar kommer troligtvis användas mer än dagens taxis. Men självkörande privatbilar kommer också ha många fördelar, och de som äger dem kommer dessutom troligtvis köra längre sträckor än dagens bilister. Resultatet av denna rapport indikerar därför att de stora förväntningarna som finns på självkörande teknik gällande delade transporter kan vara felaktiga, om inte andra åtgärder också görs för att öka delning. Att delningen inte ökar gör också att de hållbarhetsförbättringar som vissa tidigare rapporter förutspått inte nödvändigtvis kommer ske.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Azéma, Laurent. "Synthèse, étude du mode d'action et vectorisation d'inhibiteurs d'aldolase de classe I." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30178.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Fuentes, Andrés. "Abolishing Stockholm’s Public Transport Fares." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-332459.

Full text

Abstract:

The decrease of car emission levels has stagnated in the latter years in Stockholm, Sweden. Since the city’s publictransit system is highly developed via its large access to areas located in the city’s outskirts, it could serve as a tool topartially replace the city's car traffic and reduce emissions. This study therefore aims to examine expected travelbehavior changes from a fare-free public transport system and investigate potential limitations when increasing thepublic transport travel degree in Stockholm. The theoretical background consists of the mode choice theory thatdissects the reasons behind travel habits, and the zero-price effect which explains the effects from abolishing priceswhen purchasing a service product. The methodological approach was conducted through a random probabilitysurvey conducted in a face-to-face mix mode survey interviews in outdoor environments and via computer-assistedtelephone interviewing. The data was then analyzed through MS Excel and SPSS to extract patterns and correlations.The results thereafter implicated preferences from the survey participants implying their desire to primarily reduce orabolish the public transport fares, which would lead to significant travel habits changes among the majority ofrespondents. This would result in a high number of both frequent car drivers and frequent public transit commutersthat would commute more by public transit and drive less.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Thomas, Gregory Owen. "Exploring alternatives to rational choice in models of behaviour : an investigation using travel mode choice." Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619230.

Full text

Abstract:

The car is the most popular travel mode in the UK, but reliance on the car has numerous negative effects on health, the economy, and the environment. Encouraging sustainable travel mode choices (modal choice) can minimise these problems. To promote behaviour change, psychologists have an interest in understanding modal choice. Historically, modal choice has been understood as a reasoned and rational decision that requires a conscious assessment of thoughts and attitudes: but evidence suggests this approach has limitations when promoting behaviour change. Alternatively, processes that are automatically enacted, without conscious effort, can have an influence on thought and behaviour. Two automatic processes in particular have been proposed as useful factors when considering modal choice: habit and affect. Habits are behaviours that are learned over time in stable contexts, have become automatic, and moderate the link between intentions and behaviour. Affect is an automatically positive or negative sensation, which can influence consciously accessed attitudes and perceptions. This thesis explores these two automatic concepts in travel mode choice, with the aim of applying the concepts to promote sustainable travel. Using a mixed-methods approach, initial exploratory work used qualitative and quantitative methods to define how people construct affective responses to modal choice, and whether certain travel modes are more automatic than others. The exploratory work inspired three investigations: modelling the influence of automatic and reasoned decisions to use a travel mode, measuring automatic and implicit environmental preferences, and illustrating how changing the context of routines can increase use of available information. Exploratory and investigative results are then applied in the creation of the UK’s first Walking Network, a series of walking routes designed to deliver targeted information and knowledge to promote walking. This thesis concludes that automatic influences are beneficial factors when considering modal change interventions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Lapierre, Nathanaël. "Analyses des choix de mode de transport des déplacements de la communauté de l'Université Laval par la méthode des préférences déclarées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28811/28811.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Gandit, Marc. "Déterminants psychosociaux du changement de comportement dans le choix du mode de transport : le cas de l'intermodalité." Phd thesis, Grenoble 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369953.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette thèse apporte un éclairage sur les perceptions de différents modes de transport (intermodalité, automobile, transports en commun) et sur leur impact sur le choix modal et le changement de comportement de déplacement. Le premier objectif empirique est d'identifier le poids respectif des déterminants socio-démographiques, structurels et psychologiques dans le choix d'utiliser les transports en commun et de recourir à l'intermodalité plutôt que de se déplacer en voiture. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que les perceptions des aspects instrumentaux et de détente ressentie prédisent le recours aux transports en commun (étude 1) et à l'intermodalité (étude 2). Les déterminants socio-démographiques n'ont pas d'effet sur le choix modal lorsque la présence des infrastructures et les perceptions sont contrôlées. Afin d'intégrer les déterminants structurels et subjectifs du choix modal, un modèle est proposé. Ce modèle démontre que les attitudes, les normes sociales, les conditions facilitatrices et les habitudes ont un effet sur le mode de transport choisi. L'habitude apparaît ici comme un facteur déterminant du choix modal (étude 3). Le deuxième objectif empirique de cette thèse est, compte tenu de l'importance de l'habitude dans le choix modal, de proposer des stratégies pour déconditionner le choix du mode de transport. La première stratégie consiste à profiter de la gêne ressentie lors d'importants travaux de voirie dans le cadre de l'aménagement d'une nouvelle ligne de tramway à Grenoble pour inciter les individus à questionner leur choix modal et changer leurs habitudes (étude 4). Dans le cadre de ces travaux, la gêne ressentie est élevée mais bien acceptée du fait de la perception positive des politiques en faveur des transports en commun. La seconde stratégie consiste à proposer une incitation économique (ici un abonnement à tarif réduit dans le cadre d'un Plan de Déplacement d'Entreprise ou PDE) pour amener les salariés des entreprises à questionner leurs choix de déplacement et à modifier leurs habitudes (étude 5). Le PDE apparaît comme un outil efficace de changement modal mais de nombreux salariés qui ont cru y trouver un mode de déplacement révolutionnaire sont déçus et risquent de développer une attitude fortement négative et durable envers les transports en commun. Des recommandations sont faites pour une communication efficiente visant à modifier les comportements de déplacement, pour l'amélioration des démarches PDE et pour l'utilisation des travaux de voirie comme levier de déconditionnement du choix modal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Pelčák, Jaromír. "Transport elektrického náboje v tantalovém kondenzátoru." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233579.

Full text

Abstract:

The task of the thesis was studding of tantalum capacitors with solid electrolytes properties. Ta – Ta2O5 – MnO2 capacitor by its construction represents MIS structure, where tantalum anode has metal conductivity and MnO2 cathode is semiconductor. Isolation layer consists of tantalum pentoxide Ta2O5 with relative permitivity r = 27. Dielectric thickness is typically in range from 30 to 150nm. The capacitor charge is not only stored and accumulated on electrodes but also in localised states (oxide vacancies) in isolation layer. The capacitor connected in normal mode represents MIS structure polarized in reveres direction when the applied voltage higher potential barrier between semiconductor - MnO2 cathode and isolation of Ta2O5. The transport of charge carriers via isolation layer is determined by Poole-Frenkel mechanisms and tunnelling. Poole-Frenkel mechanism of charge transport is dominant in low intensity of electric field. Tunnelling determines current at higher electric field intensity. During low intensity of electric field ohmic component is also presented which is determined by volume of resistance of impurities in isolation layer due to donor states of oxygen vacancies. Based on the modelling of measured VA characteristics is possible to estimate determine dielectric thickness of Ta2O5 and determine share of Poole-Frenkelov and tunnel current and charge transportation. The thesis is described charge transport and charge concentration on tantalum capacitor in low frequency area and analysis of capacitor behaviour at frequency band. The first impulse for the thesis was an effort to create equivalent circuit diagram of tantalum capacitor in respect of its physical and electrical behaviour. There is an opportunity to study and determine electric charge transport and its accumulation based on the equivalent circuit diagram structure. There is also a chance to define and trace potential barriers and charge distribution in the capacitor structure based on an measurement and carried out experiments. This methodology and analysis consists of electrical characteristic determination to create physical model of the capacitor describing it function, properties and behaviour.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Sayadian, Edward V. "Video transfer application transport protocol design over ATM networks." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03172010-020223/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Page, Patrick. "Synthèse et étude du mode d'action d'inhibiteurs d'aldolase de classe I. Vectorisation de ces inhibiteurs chez le trypanosome par le transporteur du glucose." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30259.

Full text

Abstract:

Au cours de ce travail, nous avons elargi le champ d'utilisation de l'aldolase, enzyme essentielle dans le processus glycolytique et qui nous a permis de developper deux strategies differentes evoquees successivement dans ce document: la conception et l'etude de nouvelles molecules susceptibles de permettre d'une part, une meilleure connaissance de l'enzyme du point de vue reactionnel par une approche plus fondamentale des relations structures-activites, d'autre part la mise a profit des resultats pour developper un aspect plus applique a l'inhibition efficace et specifique de l'aldolase. La synthese et l'etude d'une famille de derives 6-desoxy-d-fructoses dans le but d'evaluer, leur capacite a produire une inhibition selective du transporteur des hexoses, ainsi que leur aptitude a internaliser des inhibiteurs de plusieurs enzymes glycolytiques, telle que l'aldolase. Les syntheses de plusieurs composes, analogues de substrats et originaux pour la plupart, sont decrites en detail. L'etude de leur comportement, en tant que substrat ou inhibiteur, est realisee par des methodes de cinetique enzymatique, d'echange isotopique ou d'oxydation. Les resultats obtenus nous permettent, dans la majorite des cas, de proposer un mecanisme d'action probable avec l'enzyme aldolase. Cette contribution s'inscrit dans le cadre d'un programme de recherche a long terme lie a l'etude des enzymes glycolytiques qui sont des cibles potentielles majeures chez certains parasites comme les trypanosomes dont les besoins energetiques sont exclusivement assures par le metabolisme du glucose

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Muto, Yukiyo. "The synthesis and mode of action of NPPB and related compounds." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1522.

Full text

Abstract:

5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB) was normally recognised as a Cl- channel inhibitor, but its specificity is in question, since an inhibitory effect against K⁺ channels has been reported. To identify the significance of the molecules structural components, NPPB and related compounds, such as 2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (PPAB), 5- nitro-2-heptylamino benzoic acid (HANB) and 2-nitro-5-heptylamino benzoic acid (HANB-2) were synthesised by reductive amination using various aldehydes and amines. Using internodal cells of the giant green Characean algae, Nitella hookeri, the effects of NPPB and related compounds on cytoplasmic streaming and turgor regulation were determined. Previous experiments stated that cytoplasmic streaming was sensitive to NPPB, PPAB and HANB with IC₅₀ values of 24µmol/L, 455µmol/L, and 6.4mmol/L, respectively. In this report, the IC₅₀ values of purchased NPPB and niflumic acid were found to be 88.65µmol/L and 121.82µmol/L, respectively. Although the IC₅₀ value of purchased NPPB showed a slight difference from that of synthesised NPPB, the results of the cytoplasmic streaming experiment indicated the possibility of this analysis to be a simple assay system for analysing the effects of structural modification to ion channel inhibitors on their biological activity. Moreover, NPPB and PPAB seem to stimulate regulation of turgor pressure under hyperosmotic shock, which can be explained by a blockage of K⁺ efflux during osmotic stress leading to faster recovery of turgor regulation. Additionally, the results of cytosolic free Ca²⁺ analysis using aequorin technology also suggested that the possibility of this analysis to be used as a more direct measure of the inhibitory effect, while the cytoplasmic streaming analysis is a more indirect method. The preliminary results from this research suggest the significance of the simple assay systems for analysing the effects of structural modification ion channel inhibitors, which can be used for future study regarding ion channel structures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Macháč, Richard. "Možnosti rozvoje udržitelné dopravy v Praze." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262215.

Full text

Abstract:

This diploma thesis is concerned with the issue of sustainable transport. In the theoretical part, the emphasis is placed on setting the concept of sustainable transport into a broader context; it also describes various factors influencing the choice of the means of transport, which is crucial for transport planning. Furthermore, it describes a set of diverse tools used for transport regulation. At the end of the theoretical part, it mentions specific approaches implemented in selected cities all over the world. The practical part is based on a significant personal research, which helps to understand the issues of transport in a selected area of Prague. On the basis of this research, it subsequently suggests possible measures that might lead to a decrease in the intensity of automobile transport in the aforementioned area. Most of those measures can be similarly applied in other city areas as well.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Holland, Richard John. "Real-time provision of local bus service information via the Internet : a comparative analysis using a fuzzy logic model of mode choice." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366577.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Roytershteyn, Vadim. "Magnetic reconnection in high-temperature plasmas : excitation of the drift-tearing mode and the transport of electron thermal energy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39291.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, February 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-100). The problem of excitation of the drift-tearing mode (Coppi, 1964) in high-temperature plasmas is considered. Existing theories predict that under the conditions typical of modern toroidal experiments on nuclear fusion, the mode is linearly stable in both collisionless (Coppi et al., 1979), and in a weakly collisional (Antonsen and Drake, 1983) regimes. We propose that the presence of a spectrum of background microscopic modes leads to destabilization of the drift-tearing mode by significantly altering the electron thermal energy transport. Two phenomenological models that illustrate this possibility are considered. In particular, we demonstrate that a localized reduction in parallel electron thermal conductivity, or a localized depression in the electron temperature gradient cause a significant reduction of the mode excitation threshold, as measured by Acrit, the jump of the first derivative of the magnetic field across the reconnection layer. Both experimental observations and theoretical considerations indicate that in the regimes of interest the values of the perpendicular thermal diffusivity D are significantly higher than the corresponding collisional estimates. Therefore the influence of the perpendicular heat flux on the excitation properties of the drift-tearing mode must be analyzed. (cont.) The result is that for D above a certain critical value D, which depends on the parallel thermal diffusivity and parameter re = dlnTe/dlnx, the excitation threshold of the mode is significantly reduced, and can be negative. This indicates the presence of an additional drive for the mode, which has been identified as the perpendicular electron temperature gradient. When D > D, the growth rate of the mode is an increasing function of the parameter qe, which is in contrast to the regime of relatively small or zero perpendicular thermal diffusivity, D < D, where the mode becomes more stable as re is increased. In the collisionless regime the drift-tearing mode is stabilized by the effects of the electron Landau damping, which play a role similar to that of the parallel thermal conductivity in the weakly collisional regime. It is well known that Landau damping can be significantly affected by such effects as spatial and velocity-space diffusion. We consider the influence of the resonance broadening due to particle spatial diffusion on the excitation properties of the drift-tearing mode. Such resonance broadening is found to cause a reduction of the excitation threshold. However, the employed semi-analytical treatment of the problem allows only consideration of relatively small values of the corresponding diffusion coefficient. In this regime the reduction in the excitation threshold is rather small. by Vadim Roytershteyn. Ph.D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Brenot, Romain. "Corrélation entre mode de croissance et propriétés de transport du silicium microcristallin, établie par réflectométrie micro-onde et ellipsométrie." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPXX0011.

Full text

Abstract:

Ce mémoire de thèse se fixe pour objectif d'étudier un semi-conducteur hétérogène déposé en couches minces, le silicium microcristallin hydrogène. Cette étude a été rendue possible par le développement d'un réacteur de dépôt par plasma froid, sur lequel ont été montés des moyens de caractérisation in situ des propriétés optiques (avec un ellipsomètre uv-visible) et des propriétés de transport de ce matériau (par des techniques de réflectométrie micro-onde, trmc et dtrmc). Ces techniques originales ont permis d'élaborer un modèle de transport qui va à contre-courant des modèles communément admis pour ce matériau, et qui permet d'expliquer les données de la littérature. Enfin, de nouvelles voies semblent ouvertes pour l'optimisation du silicium microcristallin, en vue de son utilisation dans des dispositifs tels que les cellules solaires en couches minces et les transistors a effet de champ pour les systèmes d'adressage d'écrans plats.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fifth Mode of Transport'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles