Journal articles: 'Fig tree in literature'

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Sen, Nabaneeta Dev, Carolyne Wright, and Sunil B. Ray. "Fig Tree." World Literature Today 68, no. 2 (1994): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40150125.

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Dunn, Derek W. "Stability in fig tree–fig wasp mutualisms: how to be a cooperative fig wasp." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 130, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa027.

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Abstract Fig tree–fig wasp mutualisms are diverse and underpin much biodiversity. The wasps (Agaonidae) are the sole pollinators of the trees (Ficus). Figs are enclosed inflorescences, each of which contains many small flowers. Female wasps (foundresses) enter receptive figs to spread pollen and to lay their eggs individually into fig flowers. As they oviposit, wasps also inject chemicals that transform individual flower ovaries into galls that will feed and house wasp offspring. For fig tree–fig wasp mutualisms to persist, the trees must set seed; therefore, the wasps have both to pollinate and to fail to gall all flower ovaries. However, wasps that avoid pollination costs and/or gall all flowers are predicted to outcompete more cooperative conspecifics, resulting in destabilisation of the mutualism. Here, I review the literature on why wasps pollinate by focusing on how trees reduce investment to unpollinated figs, resulting in ‘sanctions’ to wasps that fail to pollinate via reduced production of offspring. I also review the mechanisms that prevent wasps from galling all flowers, mainly those in monoecious Ficus, that also result in wasps predominantly galling longer flowers whilst leaving shorter flowers to become seeds. I make suggestions for future work and conclude by reaffirming why multiple processes promote stability in fig tree–fig wasp mutualisms.

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Kinman, Brent. "Lucan Eschatology and the Missing Fig Tree." Journal of Biblical Literature 113, no. 4 (1994): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3266713.

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Hutchins, Zach. "The Fig Tree of Epiphanius in Jonson's “To Penshurst”." ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews 23, no. 1 (January 29, 2010): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08957690903496135.

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Bauckham, Richard. "The Two Fig Tree Parables in the Apocalypse of Peter." Journal of Biblical Literature 104, no. 2 (June 1985): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3260967.

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Ivanova, Natalya V., Maxim P. Shashkov, and Vladimir N. Shanin. "Obtaining tree stand attributes from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data: the case of mixed forests." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Biologiya, no. 54 (2021): 158–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988591/54/8.

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Nowadays, due to the rapid development of lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), remote sensing systems of ultra-high resolution have become available to many researchers. Conventional ground-based measurements for assessing tree stand attributes can be expensive, as well as time- and labor-consuming. Here, we assess whether remote sensing measurements with lightweight UAV can be more effective in comparison to ground survey methods in the case of temperate mixed forests. The study was carried out at the Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Nature Reserve (Moscow region, Russia). This area belongs to a coniferous-broad-leaved forest zone. Our field works were carried out on the permanent sampling plot of 1 ha (100×100 m) established in 2016. The coordinates of the plot center are N 54.88876°, E 37.56273° in the WGS 84 datum. All trees with DBH (diameter at breast height) of at least 6 cm (779 trees) were mapped and measured during the ground survey in 2016 (See Fig. 1 and Table 1). Mapping was performed with Laser Technology TruPulse 360B angle and a distance meter. First, polar coordinates of each tree trunk were measured, and then, after conversion to the cartesian coordinates, the scheme of the stand was validated onsite. Species and DBH were determined for each tree. For each living tree, we detected a social status class (according to Kraft). Also for living trees, we measured the tree height and the radii of the crown horizontal projection in four cardinal directions. A lightweight UAV Phantom 4 (DJI-Innovations, Shenzhen, China) equipped with an integrated camera of 12Mp sensor was used for aerial photography in this study. Technical parameters of the camera are available in Table 2. The aerial photography was conducted on October 12, 2017, from an altitude of 68 m. The commonly used mosaic flight mode was used with 90% overlapping both for side and front directions. We applied Agisoft Metashape software for orthophoto mosaic image and dense point cloud building. The canopy height model (CHM) was generated with lidR package in R. We used lasground() function and cloth simulation filter for classification of ground points. To create a normalized dataset with the ground at 0, we used spatial interpolation algorithm tin based on a Delaunay triangulation, which performs a linear interpolation within each triangle, implemented in the lasnormilise() function. CHM was generated according to the pit-free algorithm based on the computation of a set of classical triangulations at different heights. The location and height of individual trees were automatically detected by the function FindTreesCHM() from the package rLIDAR in R. The algorithm implemented in this function is local maximum with fixed window size. Accuracy assessment of automatically detected trees (in QGIS software) was performed through visual interpretation of orthophoto mosaic and comparison with ground survey data. The number of correctly detected trees, omitted by the algorithm and not existing but detected trees were counted. As a result of aerial photography, 501 images were obtained. During these data processing with the Metashape, dense point cloud of 163.7 points / m2 was generated. CHM with 0.5 m resolution was calculated. According to the individual-tree detection algorithm, 241 trees were found automatically (See Fig. 2A). The total accuracy of individual tree detection was 73.9%. Coniferous trees (Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies) were successfully detected (86.0% and 100%, respectively), while results for birch (Betula spp.) required additional treatment. The algorithm correctly detected only 58.2% of birch trees due to false-positive trees (See Fig. 2B and Table 3). These results confirm the published literature data obtained for managed tree stands. Tree heights retrieved from the UAV were well-matched to ground-based method results. The mean tree heights retrieved from the UAV and ground surveys were 25.0±4.8 m (min 8.2 m, max 32.9 m) and 25.3±5.2 m (min 5.9 m, max 34.0 m), respectively (no significant difference, p-value=0.049). Linear regression confirmed a strong relationship between the estimated and measured heights (y=k*x, R2 =0.99, k=0.98) (See Fig. 3A). Slightly larger differences in heights estimated by the two methods were found for birch and pine; for spruce, the differences were smaller (See Fig. 3B and Table 4). We believe that ground measurements of birch and pine height are less accurate than for spruce due to different crown shapes of these trees. So, our results suggested that UAV data can be used for tree stand attributes estimation, but automatically obtained data require validation.

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Shoulson, Jeffrey S. "The Embrace of the Fig Tree: Sexuality and Creativity in Midrash and in Milton." ELH 67, no. 4 (2000): 873–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/elh.2000.0038.

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Stojanović, Dejan, Dušanka Jerinić-Prodanović, Tatjana Kereši, Draga Graora, and Miroslav Marković. "Choreutis nemorana (Hübner, 1799) (Lepidoptera: Choreutidae) in Serbia." Topola, no. 206 (2020): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/topola2006029s.

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Choreutis nemorana (Hübner, 1799), the fig-tree skeletonizer moth, is a widespread species in the Mediterranean region, which has rapidly expanded its distribution area northwards and eastwards during the last 15 years. This paper reports the localities in Serbia where the C. nemorana was recorded during 2019-2020, literature data and own observations on its developmental stages, morphological characteristics, biology and symptoms of damage in the figs.

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Souza, Jackson Mirellys Azevêdo, Sarita Leonel, Marcelo De Souza Silva, Marcelo De Almeida Oliveira Júnior, Rafaelly Calsavara Martins, Ana Carolina Batista Bolfarini, and Elma Machado Ataíde. "Carbohydrate content and season collection of cuttings from ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ fig tree." Comunicata Scientiae 10, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v10i1.2902.

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Choosing the best season collection of cuttings is essential to have success with propagation, due mainly to carbohydrate content, since is a source of energy for roots and shoots development. In literature, there are no papers that associate the collection season of cuttings with carbohydrate contents in figs. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate carbohydrate contents and season collection of cuttings to propagate ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ fig tree. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse; cuttings were collected in the first week of the following months: June, July, August and September. The design was in completely randomized blocks, with four replicates of 30 cuttings collected per season. The following traits were evaluated: carbohydrate content; percentage of root cuttings, bud cuttings, cuttings without bud and root; number of buds, leaves and roots per cutting; length of the largest root and bud; bud diameter; bud and root dry mass; and root volume. Results indicated high carbohydrate content in cuttings that were collected in August; therefore, the best month to collect cuttings of ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ fig tree in the city of São Manuel, state of São Paulo. This result is due to high percentage of rooted cuttings and better development. Furthermore, carbohydrate content mainly affects root growth; besides that, reducing sugars are the most important feature in the development of cuttings.

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Silman, Miles R., and Carolyn Krisel. "Getting to the root of tree neighbourhoods: hectare-scale root zones of a neotropical fig." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 6 (October 20, 2006): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003658.

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Sessile organisms interact locally on the scale of their body sizes, and one of the great advances in population and community ecology is the use of individual-based models to examine species interactions (Biondini 2001, Bolker & Pacala 1999, Pacala & Deutschman 1995, Pacala & Silander 1985, 1987; Silander & Pacala 1985). Canopies are often taken as a proxy for body size in the plant literature, even though roots can make up substantial amounts of a plant's biomass, have productivity that equals or exceeds the above-ground parts, and are critical in both competition and mutualisms involving nutrient capture and water balance (Biondini 2001, Casper & Jackson 1997, Casper et al. 2003, Rajaniemi & Reynolds 2004, Robinson 2004). Root zones, however, are seldom incorporated in plant ecological studies because they are exceptionally difficult to measure, and the importance of intra- and interspecific root interactions is little known (Schenk & Jackson 2002).

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Luxon, Thomas H. "The Barren Fig-Tree, the Strait Gate, the Heavenly Footman: The Miscellaneous Works of John Bunyan, Vol. 5. Roger Sharrock , Graham Midgley." Modern Philology 86, no. 2 (November 1988): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/391695.

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Debbarma, Smita, Biplab Banik, Biswajit Baishnab, B.K. Datta, and Koushik Majumdar. "Diversity and distribution of figs in Tripura with four new additional records." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 11 (August 25, 2020): 16548–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4975.12.11.16548-16570.

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Abstract: The genus Ficus L., commonly known as Fig plays an important role in the forest ecosystem, being a keystone species. Taxonomic revision, habitat assessment, and floristic study of the genus Ficus of northeastern region are scanty and still lacking. As the genus is rich in diversity, this region possesses tremendous scope for utilisation of its members, as many species belonging to this genus carry good properties for diverse uses for the benefit of mankind. Therefore, the present study has been undertaken for identification of the collected taxa, diversity assessment of the wild as well as planted species, distribution throughout the state and preparation of a comprehensive checklist along with measures of diverse functions and ecological role of the genus Ficus in Tripura, North-East India. Field survey was conducted between April 2017–August 2018 throughout Tripura and all the locations were marked with GPS which is given in the present distribution map of Ficus in Tripura. This study is based on extensive field survey and specimen collection. Key taxonomic description, both accepted and vernacular names, phenology, and diverse habitat function of all species have been provided. Based on the available literatures, distribution information of the present records were calculated. Evaluation of diverse ecological role were scored based on the published literature and field observations. In the present study, 23 taxa of Ficus have been reported from the study area including four new distribution records. Most of the Ficus species recorded in this study were from moist mixed deciduous and secondary forests. Out of 23 species of Ficus recorded in the present study, seven (7) species belong to evergreen small tree to shrub (F. benghalensis, F. drupacea, F. elastica, F. microcarpa, F. racemosa, F. sarmentosa and F. semicordata); three (3) species recorded are large deciduous tree (F. racemosa, F. religiosa and F. rumphii). Fleshy fruited trees are the most preferable option for survival of frugivores over diverse habitats and thus, plays major role for entire ecosystem restoration. The present work will be useful to understand the critical interactions between plants and frugivore at different trophic levels. Further, Ficus groups tend to have multiple ecological roles, and as a result there exists huge scope to understand the mechanisms of plant functional traits for conservation of threatened frugivore diversity.

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Sim, Jeannie. "Tropicalia: Gardens with Tropical Attitude." Queensland Review 10, no. 2 (November 2003): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600003275.

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What is tropicalia? It's a garden that looks tropical. Hawaiian landscape architect Richard C. Tongg explained in 1960, ‘developing gardens on the theme of “tropicalia”, [means] making gardens in the tropics look the part, instead of being pale copies of other styles’. So what makes a garden look tropical? Earlier in the 1930s, Richard Tongg with garden writer Loraine E. Kuck provided the first clues to defining tropical garden character – three essential characteristics. I have argued there are other telltales from my research into early Queensland garden history. A summary of the qualities that distinguish tropical garden or landscape character is offered here: • a lush jungle-like density of planting (‘massed, crowded effects’);• ‘the selection of large-leaved plants’ (macrophyll-type leaves typical in rainforests);• ‘the enveloping growth of great-leaved creepers scrambling up tree trunks’;• components of the ‘Exotic Aspect’ (especially tropical-flavour plants and materials with visually striking (unusual) forms, and the use of bold, bright colours) including: ‐ certain iconic tropical species such as palms, bamboo, tropical fig trees, epiphytes (staghorn ferns, orchids, bird's nest ferns, etc.), and rainforest vines (lianes);‐ combining traditionally ecologically disparate species (e.g. pines and palms);‐ plant types that provide masses of colourful flowers and/or foliage (e.g. poinciana, jacaranda, acalypha, croton, etc.);‐ bold colour combinations (e.g. orange, hot pink and bluey-purple as in the flower of Bird of Paradise (Strelitzia reginae);‐ typical tropical shade gardening practices such as verandah, bush-house and fernery gardening; and,• possible components of the ‘Bizarre Aspect’ as found in Queensland, included garden ornaments such as rustic constructions using giant clamshells and/or coral-stone, whalebones as giant arches, and found objects (especially seaside flotsam/jetsam, such as glass buoys).

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Buchelos, C. TH. "Α New Host Plant for Scobicia cheνrieri (Villa) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae)." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 9 (June 2, 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.13994.

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Bostrychidae is primarily a family of wood-boring beetles, distributed mainly in the tropics and subtropics. Many species are serious pests of growing trees and felled timber. One species, Rhysopertha dominica (F.), is a grain borer and the most frequently met among beetles infesting stored wheat in Greece (Buchelos 1981). Two other bostrychids, Dinoderus minutia (F.) and Dinoderus brevis Horn, have been recently found in Greece infesting bamboo articles imported from Hong-Kong and the Philippines respectively. Wooden parts (branches of 3 to 18 cm in diameter) of Brachychiton acerifolium Mull. and Brachychiton diversifolium G. Don. (Sterculiaceae) trees, widely used as ornamentals in alleys and parks in Attika, Greece, that have been cut and stored for one at least year in the open, were found heavily infested by bostrychid beetles and their larvae; the exterior of these branches was densely perforated by tunnel openings about 1,5 mm in diameter, while the interior presented an almost complete deterioration due to numerous galleries caused by the insects. Due to the fact that the living Brachychiton trees of the region examined were found infestation free, one is lead to the conclusion that the infestation occurred after felling; furthermore, the infestation on B. acerifolium seemed more severe than on B. diversifolium wooden parts. The identification of the adults, based on taxonomic keys of Lesne 1900, Renter 1911, Por to 1929, Portevin 1931 and Fisher 1950, lead to Scobicia chevrieri (Villa) and was confirmed by the identification group of the Bayerische Staatsamlung, Munich. The species belongs to the subfamily Bostrychinae, tribe Xyloperthini, genus Scobicia Lesne; it has also been found under the synonyms: Apate chevrieri Villa, Apate capilata Dejean, Xylopertha chevrieri J. Duval, Xylopertha foveicollis Allard, Xylopertha pustulate Kiesenwetter and Scobicia pustulate Jacobson. The adults found in the region of Attika, near Athens, are 3.3-4.5 mm long and 1.2 to 1.5 wide. S. chevrieri is reported being distributed in many regions of Italy from the Alpes and Tyrol to Sardinia and Sicily, across the French Mediterranean coast and Corsica, Spain (Malaga, Seville, Cordoba), Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Israel, Libanon, Syria, Caucasus, Crimea and Cyprus. In the relevant literature, S. chevrieri is recorded attacking mainly dead branches of the following plants: fig (Ficus sp.), mulberry (Maras sp.), green oak (Quercus ilex L.), English oak (Quercus robur L.), evergreen oak (Quercus coccifera L.), laurel (Laurus nobilis L.), mastic-tree (Pistacia lentiscus L.), birch (Betula sp.), fox grape (Nibs lahrusca L.), pomegranate (Punica granatani), chestnut (Castanea sp.) and gem-tree (Eucalyptus spp.). Brachychiton spp. is recorded here for the first time as host of the insect.

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Greyson, John. "Bazoocam 4′33″." TDR/The Drama Review 56, no. 2 (June 2012): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00182.

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Bazoocam (and other forms of Chat Roulette) are unlikely venues for activism—and even unlikelier forums for collective performances of John Cage's 4′33″, in silent musical protest against Israel's raid on Gaza in November 2011. John Greyson is a Toronto film/video artist whose shorts, features, and installations include Fig Trees, Proteus, The Law of Enclosures, Lilies, Un©ut, Zero Patience, The Making of Monsters, and Urinal. An Associate Professor in Film Production at York University, he was awarded the Toronto Arts Award for Film/Video in 2000 and the Bell Canada Video Art Award in 2007.

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Chepinoga, Victor V., Oleg A. Anenkhonov, Elena V. Sofronova, Aleksandr P. Sofronov, Boris A. Korotyaev, and Ilya A. Makhov. "Ulmus japonica (Ulmaceae) communities in Western Transbaikalia: Distribution, value for biodiversity conservation and perspectives of protection." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Biologiya, no. 52 (2020): 105–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988591/52/6.

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The East Asian tree Ulmus japonica (Rehder) Sarg. is a nemoral relict species for Western Transbaikalia (See Fig. 1). A few localities of this tree are known in the region, those in the lower reaches of the Selenga River (Yugovo site; Republic of Buryatia) and the Chikoy River (Zhindo site; Zabaikalskii Krai), remote from the main distribution area (See Fig. 2). The study aimed to verify the distribution of U. japonica and to estimate the value of U. japonica communities for biodiversity conservation in the region. Based on the data collected, we discussed some opportunities and suggested approaches for the protection of these unique ecosystems. During the fieldwork in 2018 and 2019, we studied all known localities of U. japonica in Western Transbaikalia and revealed a pleiad of new locations within the site Yugovo as well as a new location (the site Murochi) in the Chikoy River valley within the Republic of Buryatia (See Fig. 2 and 3). Information on the occurrence of U. japonica in the vicinity of Podlopatki village (in the Khilok River valley) was not confirmed. Also, our attempts to find this species at the site within the Barguzin River valley according to the label of the existing herbarium specimen failed. Based on 93 relevés, we examined species composition in woodlands where U. japonica is a codominant species and revealed the main features and peculiarities of the communities in the region. At all sites, monodominant coppices of U. japonica and coenoses where it is mixed with Padus avium Mill. occurred. Nevertheless, Ulmus japonica communities from the site Yugovo differ from those of Zhindo and Murochi in a greater phytocoenotic diversity and the composition of characteristic plant species. Additionally, at Yugovo rather xeromesophytic sparse communities where U. japonica is mixed with Pinus sylvestris L. and Betula platyphylla Sukaczev were found. Characteristic species of shrub and herbal layers at Yugovo site are Carex arnellii Christ ex Scheutz, Circaea lutetiana L., Elymus pendulinus (Nevski) Tzvelev, Festuca extremiorientalis Ohwi, Filipendula palmata (Pall.) Maxim., Hesperis sibirica L., Lamium album subsp. orientale Kamelin & A.L. Budantzev, whereas at Zhindo and Murochi they are Anemonidium dichotomum (L.) Holub, Carex sordida Van Heurck & Müll. Arg, Menispermum dauricum DC., Rhamnus davurica Pall., and Rubia cordifolia L. According to our studies supplemented with data from the literature sources, there are 16 species of vascular plants, lichens, beetles, and lepidopterans registered in Ulmus japonicaforests that are included in the Federal and/or in regional Red Data Books (See Table 1). We have revealed 31 additional rare and relict species of plants, fungi and insects (See Table 2). In total, 19 species were found in Western Transbaikalia or within this plant community type for the first time. The newly revealed rare and relict species could be recommended for listing in the regional Red Data Book or inclusion in the list of species of special surveillance. As a perspective of the protection of communities with U. japonica, we propose to maintain them as distinct clusters under the management of the existing protected areas. Namely, the site Yugovo can be protected as a separate cluster of the Baikal Natural Reserve, likewise, the protection of the site Zhindo can be managed by the Chikoy National Park. The newly discovered site Murochi might be included in the preliminarily proposed Russian-Mongolian trans-boundary Selenga protected area.

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Singh, Amandeep, Hayat Mohammad Mukhtar, Saurabh Satija, and Meenu Mehta. "DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITATIVE PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC FINGERPRINTING OF MORPHOLOGICAL SIMILAR SPECIES OF GENUS FICUS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 7 (July 7, 2018): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i7.25672.

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Objective: Ficus deltoidea (FD) and Ficus benjamina (FB), popularly known as “jack tree/mas cotek” and “pimpri/java fig,” respectively, in India and are used in folk medicine to treat the wound, ulcers, diabetes, microbial infections, and inflammatory disorders. Such therapeutic claims have also been justified in the literature by their rich chemical diversity. Both the plant species are morphologically similar and used unauthentically as the traditional medicinal product. Although these plants are sold in the local market by a traditional medicinal healer, we did not find any authenticated data on its quality.Methods: In the present study, quality standards of both the plant drugs have been developed and compared by performing morphological, microscopical, physicochemical, phytochemical, and high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) analysis. using CAMAG Linomat 5 instrument (Kindly delete the bold matter).Results: It was revealed that both the plant species have similar pharmacognostic features with some differences in type of stomata, presence of marked midrib, arrangement of the cell, cell structures, and meristele. HPTLC data revealed that the primary component in FD leaves (FDL) and FB leaves (FBL) extracts was found at Rf 0.67 and 0.37 with the respective peak area of 35.61% and 34.71%. The peaks at Rf 0.17 and 0.27 can be appeared as the chemical marker to highlight the quality of FDL, whereas peaks at Rf 0.87 and 0.95 can be considered to identify and chemically standardize the FBL.Conclusion: This study highlighted essential characters which contribute to the standardization, identification, and authentication of plant drugs.

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Black, David. "My Fig Tree." Appalachian Heritage 47, no. 1 (2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.2019.0002.

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Oliveira, Ana Andrade, Joana Morais, Olga Pires, and Inês Burmester. "Fig tree induced phytophotodermatitis." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 3 (March 2020): e233392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-233392.

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Shi, Rong‐Rong, Bai‐Ge Miao, Simon T. Segar, Yongsan Zeng, Bo Wang, and Yan‐Qiong Peng. "Are nematodes costly to fig tree–fig wasp mutualists?" Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 167, no. 12 (December 2019): 1000–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eea.12860.

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Patterson, James F. "Augustine’s Fig Tree (Confessiones 8.12.28)." Augustinian Studies 47, no. 2 (2016): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/augstudies201672724.

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Weir, Emmette. "Fruitless Fig Tree - Futile Worship." Expository Times 106, no. 11 (August 1995): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001452469510601104.

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Moore, Clive. "Sugar and Ecological Imperialism: Environmental Change in the Pioneer Valley, North Queensland, 1860s–2000s." Queensland Review 20, no. 1 (May 3, 2013): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2013.3.

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The Pioneer Valley at Mackay is the centre of a thriving sugar industry that supports 120,000 people and brings millions of dollars into the Australian economy through milling sugar cane. The valley presents a vista of kilometre after kilometre of flat green and brown symmetrical patterns. In the growing season, rectangles striped with furrows carry on as far as the eye can see, blending into green blocks as the cane grows, with the pattern broken only by natural topographic features such as creeks, the Pioneer River, occasional hills and small towns. Cane totally dominates the flat land, but at the edges of the valley it is gradually overshadowed by the brown and grey of the higher untamed areas. Within this green, brown and grey picture is another pattern, the imposed logistics of roads, railways, and glistening galvanised roofs on the houses and sheds, softened by the dark green of mango and other fruit trees, stately hoop pines, fig and shade trees. On the edges of the valley floor, the hills become more numerous, feeding into the surrounding mountain ranges. The visual pattern partly relates to topography, but includes elements dating back to the shapes of the first land selections and subsequent surveying from the 1860s onwards, as well as the need for road and rail links between early settlements, and more recently by the needs of modern mechanical farming.

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Moreno, D. A., G. Pulgar, G. Víllora, and L. Romero. "Nutritional diagnosis of fig tree leaves." Journal of Plant Nutrition 21, no. 12 (December 1998): 2579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169809365589.

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Şirin, Uğur, Engin Ertan, and Birgül Ertan. "Growth substrates and fig nursery tree production." Scientia Agricola 67, no. 6 (December 2010): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162010000600003.

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Pest attack, disease and soil fatigue have always been a great problem in fig (Ficus carica L.) nursery tree production, especially when traditional methods that use soil culture are applied. Therefore, as an alternative method, substrate culture could be a sustainable and favorable propagation method for growing healthy nursery fig trees of high quality. No information is available on substrate use and its effect on nursery fig tree production. The present study was aimed to define a favorable substrate to cultivate nursery fig trees in substrate culture, and to examine the effects of substrates on morphological and biochemical characteristics of the fig trees by growing plants in a high-tunnel. Fig cv. "Sarilop" (Calimyrna) cuttings were used in this trial as plant material. Three growth media based on perlite (100%), peat (50%) + perlite (50%), and fine sawdust (100%) were tested using soil as a control. Plants were grown in trough culture from the day of planting cuttings up to the uproot point of fig nursery trees, during eight months, and they were not transplanted into another medium during the growing period. To observe the effect of substrates on the nursery fig trees, some morphological and biochemical characteristics were determined. The use of peat + perlite and perlite led to increased plant growth and quality of fig nursery trees grown in high-tunnel.

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Moore, J. C., A. M. Dunn, S. G. Compton, and M. J. Hatcher. "Foundress re-emergence and fig permeability in fig tree-wasp mutualisms." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 16, no. 6 (November 2003): 1186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00623.x.

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Machado, Marilza, Nathalya Machado De Souza, Diones Krinski, Gabriela Granghelli Gonçalves, and Lin Chau Ming. "Determinação da umidade em sementes da figueira (Ficus adhatodifolia Schott ex Spreng. - Moraceae) armazenadas por dois anos e meio / Moisture determination in fig tree (Ficus adhatodifolia Schott ex Spreng. - Moraceae) seeds stored for two and a half years." Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 4, no. 2 (April 7, 2021): 1642–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv4n2-007.

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A determinação da umidade das sementes pode auxiliar na preservação de espécies florestais, pois a umidade é um dos fatores que influenciam no processo de deterioração das sementes. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi definir o teor de umidade de sementes de Ficus adhatodifolia armazenadas por mais de dois anos no Laboratório de Sementes da UNESP/Botucatu/SP. Para isso, utilizamos o método de estufa proposto nas Regras de Análise de Sementes. O teor de umidade para sementes de F. adhatodifolia foi de 8,50 ± 0,16%, indicando que estas sementes podem estar em boa qualidade para serem utilizadas na propagação da espécie, pois para armazenamentos por períodos maiores que 12 meses, a literatura relata que as sementes devem apresentar teores de umidade inferiores a 11%, como podemos verificar em nosso estudo. Mesmo assim, o teste de germinação deve ser realizado para verificar a qualidade das sementes armazenadas.

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Jandér, K. Charlotte, and Edward Allen Herre. "Host sanctions and pollinator cheating in the fig tree–fig wasp mutualism." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1687 (January 13, 2010): 1481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.2157.

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Leonel, S., and M. A. Tecchio. "FIG TREE ORCHARD FORMATION USING ORGANIC FERTILIZATION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 872 (August 2010): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2010.872.41.

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Sharma, Chandra P., M. K. Sheela, and Vikram Chandrasekhar. "Fig tree sap: antithrombogenicity on nylon surfaces." Bulletin of Materials Science 7, no. 1 (March 1985): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02744262.

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Fatima, Farwah N., Faiz Anwer, Muhammad Ashar Ali, Muhammad Yasir Anwar, Sana Khan, Rimsha Ali, Wajeeha Aiman, et al. "Safety and Efficacy of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-135984.

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Introduction: Five year overall survival for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is estimated to be less than 30%. Encouraging results seen with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), midostaurin and gilteritinib resulted in the approval of these molecular targeted therapies for patients with FLT3 Mutated AML. Other TKIs like sorafenib and quizartinib, have ongoing clinical trials. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed the efficacy and safety of TKIs for the treatment of newly diagnosed (ND) and relapsed refractory (R/R) AML. Methods: A search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and clinicaltrials.gov. We used the keywords "tyrosine kinase inhibitors" AND "acute myeloid leukemia" from the inception of literature till 07/10/2020. We screened 3245 articles and included 5 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) (N=1919) in this meta-analysis. We extracted data for efficacy (i-e, OS, CR, ORR, EFS) and safety (≥grade 3 treatment related adverse events (TRAE). We excluded case reports, case series, preclinical studies, review articles, meta-analysis, observational studies, and controlled clinical studies not providing any information about the efficacy or safety of TKI. We used the R programming language (version 4.0.2) to conduct a meta-analysis. Results: In the 5 RCTs (n=1919), the age range was 18-85 years. 1675 participants had FLT-3 mutation (Table 1). In 2 RCTs (N=738), two TKIs (gilteritinib and quizartinib) (N=492) were compared with salvage chemotherapy (N=246). Risk ratio (RR) of overall response rate (ORR) and complete remission (CR) was 2.43 (95% CI=1.97-3.00, I2=0) and 2.09 (95% CI=1.5-2.90, I2=48%), respectively in favor of TKIs. The hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) was 0.70 (95% CI=0.58-0.84, I2=0) in favor of TKIs. (Fig 1-3). The median OS was 6.2 months in the quizartinib group vs. 4.7 months in the chemotherapy group. Similarly, median OS was 9.3 months in the gilteritinib group vs. 5.6 months in the chemotherapy group. Grade 3 or higher TRAEs (anemia, infections, sepsis, febrile neutropenia, and liver toxicity) were reported more often in the TKI group vs. salvage chemotherapy group. (Fig 4-6). In 3 RCTs (N=1181), two TKIs (midostaurin and sorafenib) (N=597) were compared with placebo (N=582). In the RCT evaluating role of sorafenib in older patients (>60 years) (N=197), RR of CR was 0.75 (95% CI=0.58-0.96) in favor of placebo. Although more patients died in the sorafenib group than the placebo group (23 vs 10 within 60-day period), TRAEs were similar in the two groups. In the remaining 2 RCTs, sorafenib and midostaurin were compared with placebo in younger patients (<60 years old) (N=982). RR of CR was 1.07 (95% CI=0.96-1.19, I2=0) in favor of TKIs and the hazard ratio for OS was 0.80 (95% CI=0.66-0.96, I2=0) in favor of TKIs (Fig 7,8). Median event-free survival (EFS) was 21 months in the sorafenib group vs. 9 months in the placebo group. Similarly, median EFS was 8.2 months in the midostaurin group vs. 3 months in the placebo group. Grade 3 or higher TRAEs (anemia, liver toxicity, infections, and diarrhea) were more common in the TKI group as compared to the placebo group. (Fig 9,10) Conclusion: Gilteritinib and quizartinib were not only better tolerated but also more effective than salvage chemotherapy in patients with FLT-3 mutated AML. In older patients, sorafenib appeared to have lower efficacy and higher toxicity when compared with placebo. In contrast, for younger patients, sorafenib and midostaurin had better efficacy and lower toxicity than placebo. Additional multicenter double-blind randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these results. Disclosures Anwer: Incyte, Seattle Genetics, Acetylon Pharmaceuticals, AbbVie Pharma, Astellas Pharma, Celegene, Millennium Pharmaceuticals.:Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

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Jia, Xiao-Cheng, Yang Dan, Yun Zhang, and Yi-Zhu Chen. "Direct evidence for the cycling of fig wasps within one male fig tree." Nordic Journal of Botany 25, no. 1-2 (April 2007): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0107-055x.2007.00021_23.x.

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Patel, Aviva. "Phenological patterns of Ficus in relation to other forest trees in southern India." Journal of Tropical Ecology 13, no. 5 (September 1997): 681–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400010865.

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ABSTRACTThe importance of figs as keystone resources depends partly on their year-round fruiting pattern. However, most non-equatorial fig species show seasonality in reproductive phenology. If fig and other species' fruiting peaks coincide, the importance of figs as key resources during lean fruiting periods may be reduced. Fig and other forest tree phenology was studied in a deciduous and an evergreen site in the Western Ghats, southern India, from January 1991 to May 1992. In the deciduous site, most non-fig flowering and leaf flushing occurred during the two dry seasons, while most fruiting occurred during the dry and early wet seasons. In the evergreen site, all non-fig tree phenological stages – flowering, fruiting and leaf flushing – were concentrated during the two dry seasons annually (dry and post-monsoon). Individual fig trees produced crops one to three times annually, at different times of the year for different trees. Fig community fruiting peaks in the evergreen site coincided with fruiting peaks of the other forest trees, but in the deciduous site occurred slightly offset from non-fig fruiting peaks. The role of figs as key resources is likely to differ among forests, and to depend on factors such as diversity of fruiting pattern among fig species, fig tree density and territoriality of frugivores.

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Hashemi, Seyyed Abbas, and Saeid Abediankenari. "Suppressive Effect of Fig (Ficus Carica) Latex on Esophageal Cancer Cell Proliferation." Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis 30, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10283-012-0042-2.

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SUMMARY Fig (Ficus carica) tree latex was a source of treatment of different diseases in the Iranian traditional medicine reported by Avicenna in his 10th century book Canon of Medicine. The aim of this investigation was to establish the anticancer effect of fig tree latex on human cancer cells. The in vitro effect of different doses of fig tree latex including 2.5 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, and 10 mg/ml on esophageal cancer cell line was evaluated after 72 hours by MTT assay. There was a significant change in 10 mg/ml treatment of latex after 72 hours on esophageal cancer line (P; 0.025). Ten mg/ml was the optimum concentration in the inhibition of cell line growth. Fig (Ficus carica) tree latex could be a candidate as a potential agent for the inhibition of cancerous cells production and development.

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35

Jacobs, Howy. "Each under his own vine and fig tree." EMBO reports 12, no. 5 (May 2011): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/embor.2011.63.

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Wang, Rong, Robert Aylwin, Louise Barwell, Xiao-Yong Chen, Yan Chen, Lien-Siang Chou, James Cobb, et al. "The fig wasp followers and colonists of a widely introduced fig tree,Ficus microcarpa." Insect Conservation and Diversity 8, no. 4 (February 2, 2015): 322–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/icad.12111.

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DANESH-AMUZ, S., F. RAKHSHANDEHROO, and S. REZAEE. "Prevalence and genetic diversity of fig mosaic virus isolates infecting fig tree in Iran." Acta virologica 58, no. 03 (2014): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4149/av_2014_03_245.

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38

Charlotte Jandér, K., Edward Allen Herre, and Ellen L. Simms. "Precision of host sanctions in the fig tree-fig wasp mutualism: consequences for uncooperative symbionts." Ecology Letters 15, no. 12 (August 27, 2012): 1362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01857.x.

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Mathioudakis, M. M., V. Stournaras, and T. Elbeaino. "First Report of Fig Leaf Mottle-Associated Virus 1 Infecting Common Fig Tree in Greece." Plant Disease 104, no. 9 (September 2020): 2534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-20-0466-pdn.

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40

Ware, Anthony B., and Stephen G. Compton. "Breakdown of Pollinator Specificity in an African Fig Tree." Biotropica 24, no. 4 (December 1992): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2389018.

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Jo, Mi Sook. "The Placeness of 1930s's Kyeongsung in the fig tree." Journal of the Humanities for Unification 65 (March 31, 2016): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.21185/jhu.2016.03.65.395.

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Ahmadabadi, Ali, MohammadSajjad Imen, SeyedHassan Tavousi, and Alireza Sedaghat. "The curious cases of burn by fig tree leaves." Indian Journal of Dermatology 64, no. 1 (2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijd.ijd_442_17.

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43

Hemmatzadeh, F., A. Fatemi, and F. Amini. "Therapeutic Effects of Fig Tree Latex on Bovine Papillomatosis." Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B 50, no. 10 (December 2003): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0450.2003.00702.x.

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Rodrigues, M. G. F., A. B. G. Martins, J. A. Desidério, B. W. Bertoni, and M. C. Alves. "Genetic characterization of fig tree mutants with molecular markers." Genetics and Molecular Research 11, no. 3 (2012): 1990–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2012.august.6.3.

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Fox, Heather. "Resurrecting Truth in Katherine Anne Porter's THE FIG TREE." Explicator 72, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00144940.2014.932744.

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Crisosto, Carlos H., Vanessa Bremer, Louise Ferguson, and Gayle M. Crisosto. "Evaluating Quality Attributes of Four Fresh Fig (Ficus carica L.) Cultivars Harvested at Two Maturity Stages." HortScience 45, no. 4 (April 2010): 707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.4.707.

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The effect of two fruit maturity stages on the quality attributes of four fresh fig cultivars was examined, including consumer acceptance and antioxidant capacity. Fig quality attributes such as weight, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), SSC:TA, firmness, antioxidant capacity, and consumer acceptance varied by cultivar. Fig cultivars harvested at the advanced maturity stage (“tree ripe”) had lower TA and firmness but higher weight, SSC, and SSC:TA than figs harvested at “commercial maturity.” Fig maturity did not affect antioxidant capacity, but tree ripe figs had higher consumer acceptance than commercial maturity figs. SSC was more highly correlated with consumer acceptance than TA or SSC:TA, but other factors may also be important in controlling this relationship. Cultivars with high SSC and firmness, at a maturity stage high enough to tolerate harvesting and postharvest handling, should be selected to develop the fresh fig industry. Because fig firmness is a concern, changes to packaging should be evaluated to protect the flavor of advanced maturity figs during postharvest handling.

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Brown, Patrick H. "Seasonal Variations in Fig (Ficus carica L.) Leaf Nutrient Concentrations." HortScience 29, no. 8 (August 1994): 871–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.8.871.

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Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn in mature commercial fig (`Calimyrna'; `Sari Lop') leaves are presented throughout the growing season. These data can be used as preliminary norms for the interpretation of tree nutrient status for high-yielding commercial fig orchards. In comparison with other deciduous tree crops growing in the same regions {almond [Prunus amygdalus Batsch syn. P. dulcis (Mill) D.A. Webb], walnut (Juglans regia L.), peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]}, productive fig trees have relatively low leaf N, P, and K concentrations (2.1%, 0.1%, and 1.0% dry weight, respectively) in July, although tissue Mn and Ca concentrations often exceed those typically found in other deciduous species growing in the same soils. Seasonal variations in fig leaf nutrient concentrations are similar to those of other tree crops. Marked declines in tissue K and N concentrations toward the end of the season may indicate a need for supplemental N and K fertilization in highly productive orchards. The potential for K deficiency in fig also is indicated by the generally lower leaf K concentrations in the low-vigor orchards examined.

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Osseforth, Math. "The One Tree: hiding in plain sight. A new interpretation of Augustine’s fig tree." Revue d'Etudes Augustiniennes et Patristiques 66, no. 1 (January 2020): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.rea.5.122732.

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Leonel, Sarita, and Marco Antonio Tecchio. "Cattle manure fertilization increases fig yield." Scientia Agricola 66, no. 6 (December 2009): 806–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162009000600013.

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Fertilization using organic compounds is complementary to chemical fertilization, being essential to integrated fruit production. Reports on fig tree (Ficus carica L.) organic fertilization and mineral nutrition are worldwide scarce, especially in Brazil. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of cattle manure fertilization on the yield and productivity of the fig tree 'Roxo de Valinhos' in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil, during the 2002/03, 2003/04, 2004/05 and 2005/06 crop cycles. Plants aged one, two, three and four year olds received the following cattle manure treatments: control (no fertilizer), 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125% and 150% of the recommended N level for this crop. The evaluated variables were: fruit number, weight and mean diameter, plant yield and productivity. The application of cattle manure increased productivity, yield and fruit number, slightly affecting fruit dimensions. After four years of cattle manure application, the best results were obtained with 76 to 124% of the N level recommended for the fig crop.

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Rashford, John. "Potential Big Men, Fig Trees and Tourist Attractions in Barbados." Practicing Anthropology 29, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.29.3.b1257224n578r923.

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In a March 28, 2007, article in the Nation, one of the two main newspapers of Barbados, we learn that the landmark bearded fig tree (Ficus citrifolia) of Paradise Beach, in the parish of St. Michael, was killed. "If I had known they were chopping it down," said one resident in her comments to the newspaper, "I would have chained myself to the tree. I missed it by one day. Someone should have protected it." According to the journalists, she added, "The tree was of symbolic importance and should have been included in the proposed redeveloped tourism site."

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fig tree in literature'

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