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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fig wasps'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Vincent, Stephanie Louise. "Polymorphism and fighting in male fig wasps." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005426.

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Male fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) exhibit a fascinating range of morphology and behaviour. A cluster analysis, based on descriptions of the males of several hundred species, distinguished six major morphological groups. Behaviourial observations suggest that male morphology is related to the levels of inter-male aggression. Three behaviourial groupings were identified. Fighting species generally mated in the fig cavity, pacifist species mated in the females' galls or outside the figs. Mating sites are thus the primary determinants of male morphology and behaviour. In fighting species
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2

Bean, Daniel. "Evolutionary ecology of figs and fig wasps." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7934.

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3

Nefdt, Rory John Charlton. "Interactions between fig wasps and their host figs." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005404.

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Fig trees (Ficus spp.) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) are partners in an intimate mutualism. The trees provide ovules in which wasp larvae develop while the wasps pollinate the flowers and are therefore indispensible for fig seed production. Agaonid fig wasps oviposit down the styles of fig flowers and it has generally been accepted that they were unable to reach the ovules of "long" styled flowers , which would produce seeds, thus maintaining an evolutionary stable mutualism. African fig species were found to have unimodal style length frequencies, with no separation into long and sho
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4

Ware, Anthony Brian. "Interactions between figs (Ficus spp., Moraceae) and fig wasps (Chalcidoidea, Agaonidae)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005405.

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Fig trees (Ficus spp., Moraceae) and fig wasps (Chalcidoidea, Agaonidae) are uniquely associated. In one fig wasp group, the pollinators (Agaoninae), each species is generally host species-specific. The relationship is one of obligate mutualism where the wasps provide pollination services and in return utilises some of the ovules for larval development. Non-pollinating fig wasps (generally belonging to subfamilies other than the Agaoninae) may be gallers or parasitoids, and can also be host species-specific. In the accompanying studies we examined the factors governing the interactions between
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5

Nelson, Ronald Michael. "Causes of fighting in male pollinating fig wasps." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07292008-094038.

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6

Jauharlina, Jauharlina. "Fig trees and fig wasps : their interactions with non-mutualists." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7840/.

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Non-mutualist species that interact with mutualists occur commonly in nature. Non-mutualists associated with the mutualism between fig trees and their pollinating fig wasps include mites and nematodes. This thesis focusses on the interaction of nematodes with fig trees and fig wasps in South Africa and Indonesia, with additional investigation on how mites, nematodes and fig pollination respond to highly seasonal environments. The reproduction of monoecious Ficus burtt-davyi in Grahamstown, South Africa slows down but does not stop in winter. There are fewer fig pollinating wasps Elisabethiella
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7

Wang, Rong. "The fig wasps associated with Ficus microcarpa, an invasive fig tree." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6918/.

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Fig trees and their pollinating fig wasps represent one of the most species-specific mutualistic systems with a long history of co-evolution. Besides the pollinators, figs are also exploited by numerous non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFW). A few fig trees have become established outside their native ranges, and Ficus microcarpa, a monoecious fig tree, has become widely invasive, due to the widespread introduction of its specific pollinator, Eupristina verticillata. In this thesis, a global study was carried out to unravel the distribution and community structure of fig wasps associated with F. mi
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8

Underhill, Jenny G. "Phylogeny and codivergence in the fig-fig wasp mutualism : sycoecine and agaondid fig wasps (Chalcidoidea, Hymenoptera) associated with Ficus section Galoglychia (Moraceae)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6201.

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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The interaction between figs and figs wasps is idealised as a classic example of coevolution through codivergence and cospeciation. Traditionally, the mutualism has been distinguished by a one-to-one ratio of host-specificity, whereby each species of fig tree (Ficlls, Moraceae) is pollinated by a unique species of fig wasp (Agaonidae, Chalcidoidea, Hymenoptera). Recent studies conclude, however, that extreme host-specificity is no longer as ubiquitous as previously considered. Nevertheless, there are many factors that are thought to
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9

Noort, Simon van. "The systematics and phylogenetics of the Sycoecinae (Agaonidae, Chalcidoidea, Hymenoptera)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005472.

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The Sycoecinae are a distinct and well-defined subfamily of old world fig wasps (Agaonidae, Chalcidoidea 1 Hymenoptera) , exclusively associated with the figs of Ficus species (Moraceae). The most likely sister group of the Sycoecinae was determined to be the Sycoryctini (Sycoryctinae) based largely on synapomorphies of the underside of the head. 67 sycoecine species and 3 subspecies were recognised and included in a phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily. This analysis clearly delimited six genera (four African and two extra-African), although the phylogenetic relationships between the genera
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10

West, Stuart Andrew. "Reproductive strategies in parasitic Hymenoptera." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309736.

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11

Cooper, Lisa Suzanne. "Population genomics of pollinating fig wasps and their natural enemies." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28954.

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The advent of next generation sequencing technologies has had a major impact on inference methods for population genetics. For example, community ecology studies can now assess species interactions using population history parameters estimated from genomic scale data. Figs and their pollinating fig wasps are obligate mutualists thought to have coevolved for some 75 million years. This relationship, along with additional interactions with many species of non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFW), makes this system an excellent model for studying multi-trophic community interactions. A common way of inve
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12

Erasmus, Johannes Christoffel. "Resolving the phylogeny and population genetic structure of South African pollinating fig wasps." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092008-073633.

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13

Rodriguez, Lillian Jennifer. "Evolution et écologie des Ceratosolen des Philippines, pollinisateurs des figuiers du sous genre Sycomorus." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT170.

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La spéciation et la diversification sur les iles sont des processus évolutifs tirés par de nombreux facteurs tels qu’histoire géologique et complexité topographique. Réciproquement, l’histoire évolutive d’une espèce contribue à expliquer ses traits biologiques et écologiques actuels. J’ai cherché à analyser ces patrons et processus à travers un système modèle présent à travers toutes les régions tropicales du monde : les Ficus et leurs insectes pollinisateurs (Hymenoptera : Chacidoidea). Plus particulièrement je me suis focalisée sur les Ficus du sous genre Sycomorus et leurs pollinisateurs, l
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14

Costa, Priscila Canesqui da. "COMUNIDADE DE INSETOS ASSOCIADOS AOS SICÔNIOS DE TRÊS ESPÉCIES DE FIGUEIRAS NO PANTANAL SUL MATOGROSSENSE." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5271.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Syconia of fig trees present a diverse interaction with different groups of organisms. In this study we characterized insect community associated with three fig species in the region of Miranda/Abobral, Pantanal Sul matogrossense, obtaining data about species richness and abundance of these insects. We verified the specificity of these insects in regard to hosts and tested whether the size and number of flowers in the syconium determine species richness and abundance of insects in the syconia. We found 31 morpho-species of insects
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15

Conchou, Lucie. "Les odeurs dans les interactions plantes-insectes au-delà de la communication. Application au modèle Ficus-pollinisateurs-parasites et conséquences pour la compréhension des processus de coévolution." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20121/document.

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Les odeurs émises par les plantes sont souvent interprétées dans le cadre de leur interaction avec les insectes pollinisateurs, herbivores et ennemis naturels, en tant que signaux de communication dont la fonction est l'attraction ou la répulsion de ces insectes. Pourtant, la communication a une définition précise en biologie évolutive, et le terme « signal » ne doit s'appliquer qu'à des traits de l'émetteur qui ont été sélectionnés dans le cadre de l'interaction avec le récepteur par voie sensorielle. De plus, certaines études démontrent que les Composés organiques volatils (COV) émis par les
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16

Al-Beidh, Sarah. "Investigations into stability in the fig/fig-wasp mutualism." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5563.

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Fig trees (Ficus, Moraceae) and their pollinating wasps (Chalcidoidea, Agaonidae) are involved in an obligate mutualism where each partner relies on the other in order to reproduce: the pollinating fig wasps are a fig tree’s only pollen disperser whilst the fig trees provide the wasps with places in which to lay their eggs. Mutualistic interactions are, however, ultimately genetically selfish and as such, are often rife with conflict. Fig trees are either monoecious, where wasps and seeds develop together within fig fruit (syconia), or dioecious, where wasps and seeds develop separately. In in
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17

Martinson, Ellen O'Hara. "Mutualism Stability and Gall Induction in the Fig and Fig Wasp Interaction." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265556.

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The interaction between figs (Ficus spp.) and their pollinating wasps (fig wasps; Chalcidoidea, Hymenoptera) is a classic example of an ancient and apparently stable mutualism. A striking property of this mutualism is that fig wasps consistently oviposit in the inner flowers of the fig syconium (gall flowers, which develop into galls that house developing larvae), but typically do not use the outer ring of flowers (seed flowers, which are pollinated and develop into seeds). This dissertation explores the potential differences between gall and seed flowers that might influence oviposition choic
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18

Segar, Simon T. "The ecology and evolution of fig wasp communities." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558774.

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I use the fig/fig wasp system to address several questions in the fields of evolutionary and community ecology. I present a general review of speciation and community ecology in insects on plants in general and in fig trees (genus Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Cha1cidoidea) in particular. Following on from this introduction are four experimental chapters. The first experimental chapter investigates the contrasting impact of two genera of parasitic, or non-pollinating fig wasps, on their host Ficus and its pollinating wasps. I present my findings in terms of community ecology and mutualism
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19

Darwell, Clive T. "Species composition and patterns of diversity in fig wasp communities." Thesis, University of Reading, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590090.

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Here I use the wasps associated with figs (Ficus, Moraceae) to investigate a central theme of describing and understanding the composition and patterns of diversity among fig wasp communities, largely with respect to geography. Namely. in describing a community, what factors need to be considered, what methods need to be implemented, and what evolutionary and ecological processes can be identified as having shaped the observed patterns. An introductory chapter outlines a number of issues in ecology with particular focus on fig wasps. Chapter 2 investigates the efficacy and level of agreement b
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20

Van, der Merwe Julia Frances. "Species-specific hydrocarbon profiles of South African fig wasp communities (Hymenoptera : Chalcidoidea)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20359.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles of insects play roles in behavioural interactions within and between species, encompassing species-, colony- and mate-recognition. CHCs are largely genetically determined and are thus unique to each species, making them useful in chemotaxonomy. However, species exhibit intra-species variation in their CHC profile which can be the result of both intra-species genetic variation as well as environmental influences such as habitat effects, colony effects, diet, host switching, as well as ad
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21

Zachariades, Costas. "Complex interactions involving the Cape fig, Ficus sur Forsskål, and its associated insects." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005338.

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The inadequacy of arbitrarily classifying interactions between species as antagonistic, neutral or mutualistic has become clear in recent years. Both direct and indirect interactions between species can vary between mutualism and antagonism, depending on the intrinsic and extrinsic contexts of the interaction. This study investigated the characteristics of an ant-plant-homopteran interaction in southern Africa. The polyphagous homopteran Hilda patruelis (Tettigometridae) feeds primarily on the trunk-borne fruiting branches and figs of the Cape fig tree, Ficus sur, and produces honeydew which a
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22

Harrison, Rhett Daniel. "Phenology and wasp population dynamics of several species of dioecious fig in a lowland tropical rain forest in Sarawak, malaysia." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181150.

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本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである<br>Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(理学)<br>甲第8197号<br>理博第2219号<br>新制||理||1172(附属図書館)<br>UT51-2000-F101<br>京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻<br>(主査)教授 山村 則男, 教授 安部 琢哉, 教授 米井 脩治<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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23

Borsato, Luca. "Development of a new tool for the dynamical analysis of exoplanetary systems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424069.

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I have developed a software that can simultaneously fit observed radial velocities (RVs) and transit times (T0s) data with the purpose of determining the orbital parameters of exoplanetary systems. I have called this program TRADES: TRAnsits and Dynamics of Exoplanetary Systems. I implemented a dynamical simulator for N-body systems which also fits the available data during the orbital integration and determines the best combination of the orbital parameters by using a grid search, a Chi Square minimization, a genetic algorithms, a particle swarm optimization, and a bootstrap analysis. To val
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24

Ranganathan, Yuvaraj. "Ants, Figs, Fig Wasps : The Chemical Ecology Of A Multitrophic System." Thesis, 2011. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1959.

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Plant–animal interaction systems are complex food webs where the members—plants, pollinators, herbivores, parasites and predators of the pollinators/herbivores—interact with each other in ways which maximize their own fitness. Based on the net outcome, such interactions could be mutually beneficial to the interacting members (mutualism) or beneficial to only one of the interacting members at the cost of the other interacting members (herbivory, predation, parasitism). It is possible that such outcomes are actually a continuum and could swing in either direction from beneficial to detrimental a
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Ranganathan, Yuvaraj. "Ants, Figs, Fig Wasps : The Chemical Ecology Of A Multitrophic System." Thesis, 2011. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1959.

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Plant–animal interaction systems are complex food webs where the members—plants, pollinators, herbivores, parasites and predators of the pollinators/herbivores—interact with each other in ways which maximize their own fitness. Based on the net outcome, such interactions could be mutually beneficial to the interacting members (mutualism) or beneficial to only one of the interacting members at the cost of the other interacting members (herbivory, predation, parasitism). It is possible that such outcomes are actually a continuum and could swing in either direction from beneficial to detrimental a
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26

Sutton, Timothy L. "Evolutionary ecology of fig wasps associated with the Port Jackson fig." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:37618.

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Geography plays an important role in the study of evolutionary ecology. It has implications for the coevolution of species interactions, our ability to accurately and confidently delimit species boundaries, and can influence species’ adaptations that may provide resilience, or make them vulnerable, to climatic change. A geographic consideration of these issues can help to improve our understanding of the processes generating biodiversity and its fate under predicted climate change. In this thesis, I investigated the genetic structure of a pollinator-parasitoid interaction over a wide geograph
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27

Chen, Ying-Ru, and 陳穎儒. "Phenology and interaction of fig wasps and Ficus L." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46962038682364331922.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>植物病蟲害學系<br>82<br>The relationship between Ficus microcarpa L. nators (Blastophaga verticillata) is one of the the study of mutualism. Fourteen species of non-pollinator wasps were found inside the figs. In order to understand the rela- tionship, 55 trees were investigated weekly on the campus of National Taiwan University during the period of 91 weeks(August 1992 to April 1994). The research works included the following four parts: (1) phenology investigation,(2) fig morphol
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XIE, MEI-ZHEN, and 謝玫真. "The symbiosis between fig wasps and ficus microcarpa L." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31363855966500889487.

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29

Krishnan, Anusha. "The Role of Nursery Size and Plant Phenology on the Reproduction of and Relationships within a Fig-fig Wasp Nursery Pollination System." Thesis, 2014. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3501.

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Obligate nursery pollination mutualisms such as the fig–fig wasp system, with their central plant–pollinator mutualism associated with non-pollinating satellite wasp species, can function as closed system microcosms representative of tritrophic communities. In this system, enclosed inflorescences (syconia) function as sites of seed production, as well as brood-sites for the progeny of herbivorous mutualistic pollinators, non-pollinating gallers and parasitoids of the two. Plant reproductive traits such as inflorescence size (syconium volume) and within-plant phenology (within-tree asynchrony)
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Krishnan, Anusha. "The Role of Nursery Size and Plant Phenology on the Reproduction of and Relationships within a Fig-fig Wasp Nursery Pollination System." Thesis, 2014. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3501.

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Obligate nursery pollination mutualisms such as the fig–fig wasp system, with their central plant–pollinator mutualism associated with non-pollinating satellite wasp species, can function as closed system microcosms representative of tritrophic communities. In this system, enclosed inflorescences (syconia) function as sites of seed production, as well as brood-sites for the progeny of herbivorous mutualistic pollinators, non-pollinating gallers and parasitoids of the two. Plant reproductive traits such as inflorescence size (syconium volume) and within-plant phenology (within-tree asynchrony)
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31

Liu, Pei-Yu, and 劉佩瑜. "The coexistence mechanisms among fig wasps associated with Ficus microcarpa." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22230731839193203559.

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碩士<br>東海大學<br>生命科學系<br>100<br>Fig-fig wasp mutualism is a symbiotic interaction between Ficus and its pollinating fig wasps. In addition, many non-pollinating fig wasps also utilize the same figs and compete with pollinating wasps for breeding sites and plant resources. How does this complicated system maintain its stability has intrigued ecologists for a long time. The parasite pressure hypothesis indicates that parasitoids contribute in stabilizing mutualism by forcing pollinators to oviposit in inner ovules and do not over-exploit fig. The niche partitioning hypothesis proposes that parasit
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32

Lo, Bai-Wei, and 羅百尉. "The evolution of chemosensory gene families in fig wasps (Agaonidae)." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ef767d.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>生態學與演化生物學研究所<br>107<br>Pollinating fig wasps (Agaonidae) have one of the most reduced chemosensory genes in insects, which is probably associated with specialized life cycle in obligate mutualism. On the other hand, olfaction plays a crucial role in maintaining host specificity in the fig-fig wasp coevolution. In this thesis, I sequenced genomic and transcriptomic data from two fig wasp species to understand how reduced chemosensory genes maintain host-specificity during species divergence. The first chapter describes the evolutionary relationships of the two studied fig wasps
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33

Yeh, Emory, and 葉雁華. "Accelerated divergence in electron transport complex genes in jelly-fig wasps." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tj64qt.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>生態學與演化生物學研究所<br>105<br>Temperature may cause selection to adaptation ability of lining things, promoting divergence between populations. Ficus pumila has two variants in Taiwan, called creeping-fig (Ficus pumila var. pumila) and jelly-fig (Ficus pumila var. awkeotsang). The two variants grow at different latitude, creeping-fig < 500 m and jelly-fig > 800 m. Between two closely related pollinating wasps, creeping- (Wiebesia pumilae) and jelly-fig wasps (Wiebesia sp.), previous study found accelerated and perhaps adaptive evolution in their mitochondrial cox1 gene. Also, jelly-fi
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Erasmus, J. C. (Johannes Christoff). "Resolving the phylogeny and population genetic structure of South African pollinating fig wasps." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26137.

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A distinct pattern of obligate mutualism exists between fig tree hosts and their pollinating fig wasps. Normally one section or subsection of fig tree hosts is associated with one fig wasp genus. In general, each species is pollinated by a specific fig wasp species. This led to the hypothesis that the fig wasp and fig tree lineages diverged simultaneously. African fig wasps pollinating hosts of the Galoglychia section frequently break the normal one fig wasp species-to-one host species ratio. The phylogeny for these species was reconstructed using three DNA segments and compared to the morphol
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35

Huang, Jian-chin, and 黃建秦. "The relationships between phenology and fig wasps of a dioecious Ficus tinctoria." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pvudj7.

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碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>生物科學系研究所<br>95<br>The mutualism between the dioecious Ficus tinctoria and its pollinators was studied at Hsitzewan, Kaohsiung. I investigated the phenology of F. tinctoria from December 2004 to May 2006. Wasps trapped in sticky boards were recorded from April 2005 to May 2006. The average diameter of receptive figs (B phase) of female F. tinctoria was significantly different from that of functional male trees (P < 0.01), but both with similar coloration. The durations of pre-receptive figs (A phase) through wasp- releasing figs (D phase) or mature figs (E phase) in F. tinctoria
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Lin, Tai-Jung, and 林玳戎. "Loan Box Development and Teaching Practice of “Life History of Fig Wasps”." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5f3452.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>森林環境暨資源學研究所<br>107<br>Today&apos;&apos;s society advocates " Never too late to learn". Because of the technological evolution improves every day and the rapid changes in the environment, training the public to have scientific literacy has become the educational policy orientation of many countries. School education is only the tip of the iceberg for people to learn in their lifetime. Most of the learning takes place in informal education. Among them, museum is an important continuing education space, and its "loan box" can break the geographical restrictions and increase the op
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Chen, Ying-Ru, and 陳穎儒. "Population fluctuation and community ecology of Ficus microcarpa L. and its fig wasps." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69544137342177006903.

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博士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>昆蟲學研究所<br>89<br>Study field was at the campus of National Taiwan University in Taipei, 35 F. microcarpa trees were surveyed weekly from August 1992 to December 1998, for six and half of years. The research were started from detecting the phenology of F. microcarpa and population dynamics of pollinators, then illustrating the the inter-species relation between 20 species in 13 genera fig wasps. At last, controlled mechanism and resource distribution were discussed or tested. We found climate change in the environment is the major factor to control crop growing of Ficus trees. Fi
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Chou, Po-An, and 周柏安. "Symbiosis and Population Dynamics of the Fig Wasps Associated with Ficus pedunculosa var. mearnsii." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72590067836843141313.

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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>森林學系所<br>105<br>The relationship between Ficus and Agaonid wasps (excluding Sycophaginae) is an obligate mutualism. Both of them have developed high specificity at species level. Except Agaonid wasp, there are many Chalcid wasps called non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFWs) exploiting the resources of fig but not offer any reward for Ficus. Moreover, NPFWs usually have negative effects on the mutualism. Because of pollinator’s short life, there are many different phenological pattern to stabilize the population of pollinator. This study focuses on a dioecious fig shrub, Ficus pedunc
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Wong, Da-Mien, and 王達勉. "Fighting Injuries of Fig Wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Sycoryctinae) associated with Ficus benguetensis in Taiwan." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fp3uns.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>生態學與演化生物學研究所<br>101<br>Fighting to the death over limited resources is an extreme behaviour in nature. In general, animals do not engage in all-out fights to the limit of their abilities. However, lethal fighting is a common component of mate competition between males of some species of fig-associated wasps. I investigated fighting injuries in three species of fig wasps which are found in the syconia of Ficus benguetensis. It is notable that no Ceratosolen wui males were known to engage in fighting. In contrast, fighting amongst Philotrypesis and Sycoscapter males could lead to
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Chen, Yen-Ling, and 陳燕玲. "Studies of phenology and interaction between Ficus irisana Elm. ( Moraceae) and it''s fig wasps." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03692321044813095015.

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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>昆蟲學系<br>88<br>The present study aims to investigate various aspects of Ficus irisana Elm. and it''s fig wasps, such as phenology, biology, and the relationship between fig trees and fig wasps and that among fig wasps. The main flowering season of F. irisana was from June to December during which both male and female figs had two to four crops. The amount of figs would increase as the temperature rose and decreased as the precipitation increased. The number of figs and the duration of fig wasps were strongly affected by the coexistence of female phase and male phase figs. Seven
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SOUTO, VILARÓS Daniel. "Why so specious? The role of pollinators and symbionts in plant population structure and speciation along elevational gradients." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-396467.

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This thesis explores the role mutualist pollinators and their symbionts play in the genetic structuring and speciation of their host plants along an elevational gradient in Papua New Guinea. Using the fig and fig-wasp mutualism as a model system, we employed high-throughput sequencing techniques to explore fine-scale population genomics of both fig and wasps along their elevational range. We found there to be clear lowland and highland clustering of tree populations along the gradient, often with a mid-elevation contact zone. In the case of the pollinating wasps, we retrieved the same clusteri
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Wong, Da-Mien, and 王達勉. "Behavioral Ecology of Non-pollinating Fig Wasps Associated with Ficus benguetensis with Description of Two New Sycoryctine Species in Taiwan." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yy68m8.

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博士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>生態學與演化生物學研究所<br>106<br>The Ficus benguetensis Merrill fig trees are widely distributed at the valleys with high humidity in Taiwan, yet the natural history of non-pollinating fig wasps associated with F. benguetensis largely remains unknown. The study purpose of this dissertation is to describe the non-pollinating fig wasps associated with F. benguetensis and to explore whether male polymorphism appears to affect the mating strategies of fig wasps. The fig wasp samples were haphazardly collected from unexited male flower phase figs on 15 F. benguetensis trees located at the fol
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Kong, Siu-Wah, and 江少華. "Morphological Differences between Pollinating Fig Wasps of Ficus pumila L. var. pumila and var. awkeotsang (Makino) Corner and Their Asymmetric Host Specificity." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91879560938259521190.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>昆蟲學研究所<br>99<br>One Ficus species harboring one unique Agaoninae pollinating fig wasp species is generally accepted under the idea of fig-fig wasp mutualism and their co-evolution theory. Previous studies have presumed that creeping fig, Ficus pumila L. var. pumila and jelly fig, F. pumila L. var. awkeotsang (Makino) Corner are pollinated by the same pollinating fig wasp species, Wiebesia pumilae (Hill). Jelly fig is an economic crop in forestry and it has been replanted from mountainous region to low elevation in Taiwan since 1980s. Subsequently, cultivators found that jelly f
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Lin, Shang-Yang, and 林上揚. "Species interactions in fig-wasp-ant community on Ficus benguetensis Merrill." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87083905783129445019.

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博士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>生態學與演化生物學研究所<br>104<br>The interaction between figs (Ficus spp.) and their pollinating fig wasp (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) is one of the classic examples of obligate mutualism. However, the rewards that provided by the mutualistic partners to one another also attract amounts of species, ranging from the nonpollinating fig wasp to ants. This dissertation focuses on one dioecious Ficus species, F. benguetensis, explores the following issues: interactions between fig trees and fig wasps via fig phenology, as well as the impact of nonpollinating fig wasps and ants that might influenc
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Donaleshen, Kathleen Louise. "Interaction Between the Seed-Chalcid Wasp, Megastigmus spermotrophus and its Host, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/6726.

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Megastigmus spermotrophus is a parasitic chalcid wasp that spends most of its life in the seed of its host, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). The adult female wasp lays its eggs into the megagametophyte deep within the ovule; the larva prevents an unpollinated ovule from aborting, redirecting resources to feed itself. Host-site selection pressures that influence female oviposition depend on a number of factors. Morphological characteristics of Douglas-fir cones including seed size, seed location, and scale thickness were measured for every ovuliferous scale. Seeds infested by M. spermotr
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Lai, Bo-Cyuan, and 賴柏全. "Improved Cultivation Method of Jelly Fig (Ficus pumila L. var. awkeotsang (Makino) Corner) and Ecological Habit of Its Pollinating Fig Wasp." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02929889151481500624.

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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>園藝學系所<br>98<br>Ficus pumila L. var. awkeotsang (Makino) Corner, jelly fig, is native to Taiwan. Plantation of young jelly fig requires large seedling and micro-irrigation system to enhance their survival. Jelly fig is one of the members in genus Ficus (Family Moraceae) and it has a long juvenility, which juvenility can extend from three to six years. How to get fruits earlier and how to increase the fig production would be the further direction in study of jelly fig. To study how can enhance the survival and reproductive rate of jelly fig, apply of vine-crossing technique turns
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Newman, D. V. K. (Duncan Victor Kimberlin). "A study on the sex allocation behaviour of the pollinating fig wasp, Platyscapa awekei." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26794.

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The behaviour of sex allocation has been extensively studied in hymenopterans (ants, bees and wasps) as an adaptive trait with respect to intra-specific competition within the framework of kin selection theory. Mating in these organisms often takes place in patchy populations established by the offspring of a few foundresses. Typically, there is a bias in favour of female dispersal from these patches. Theory predicts that foundresses that oviposit alone will do best to produce just enough sons to mate all of their daughters so as to maximize the number of dispersing daughters, under conditions
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Ghara, Mahua. "Divided They Stay : Species Coexistence In A Community Of Mutualists And Exploiters." Thesis, 2011. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1875.

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The fig–fig wasp interaction is a classic example of obligate mutualism and coevolution. It is also a nursery pollination mutualism and supports a diversity of exploiter/parasite/non-pollinating fig wasp species. Mutualists and exploiters comprise the fig wasp community. All the wasp community members are obligately dependent on the fig syconium (a globular closed structure comprising of hundreds to thousands of uniovulate florets) for completing their life cycle. The fig florets can be sessile (without a stalk) or pedicellate (stalked) and can support a community comprising 3–30 wasp species.
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Ghara, Mahua. "Divided They Stay : Species Coexistence In A Community Of Mutualists And Exploiters." Thesis, 2011. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1875.

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The fig–fig wasp interaction is a classic example of obligate mutualism and coevolution. It is also a nursery pollination mutualism and supports a diversity of exploiter/parasite/non-pollinating fig wasp species. Mutualists and exploiters comprise the fig wasp community. All the wasp community members are obligately dependent on the fig syconium (a globular closed structure comprising of hundreds to thousands of uniovulate florets) for completing their life cycle. The fig florets can be sessile (without a stalk) or pedicellate (stalked) and can support a community comprising 3–30 wasp species.
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Jansen, van Vuuren Gert Johannes. "Development and use of microsatellites to quantify the mating system of the pollinating fig wasp, Platyscapa awekei." Diss., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26760.

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Mating system, mating behavior and the evolution thereof is the foundation of this study. More specifically the effect of inbreeding on the evolution of mating behavior is investigated. To this end the pollinating fig wasp, Platyscapa awekei, lends itself to inquiry about inbreeding and the effect on its behavior. A pollinating fig wasp female will lay her eggs inside a syconium, and all offspring will mate with each other. Interestingly the abovementioned pollinating wasp exhibits male dispersal, not commonly expected to occur in a haplodiploid species observed to inbreed frequently. Several
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