Academic literature on the topic 'Figurative meanings'
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Journal articles on the topic "Figurative meanings"
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Intan Adriana Putri, Adinda Dewi Lestari, Shofiyatul Mukromiyah, and Fikri Hakim. "Analisis Makna Kias Dalam Lagu “Pulang-For Revenge”." Jurnal Nakula : Pusat Ilmu Pendidikan, Bahasa dan Ilmu Sosial 2, no. 1 (2023): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/nakula.v2i1.369.
Full textAbstract:
The meaning of a lyric in a song can be interpreted with various meanings according to the theory used, one of which is using figurative meaning. This research is in the form of an analysis of the figurative meaning in the song Pulang by For Revenge. This analysis aims to find the figurative meaning in the song Pulang - For Revenge. Researchers in this case focus their research in terms of the semantic meaning of the figurative meaning in the song Pulang - For Revenge. The method used in this research is a qualitative-descriptive method. The data source for this research is the song Pulang - For Revenge. The data for this research is in the form of words that have figurative meanings found in the song Pulang - For Revenge. This research uses one instrument, namely the researcher himself. Based on research entitled Analysis of the Meaning of Figures in the Song Pulang - For Revenge, it was concluded that the Song Pulang - For Revenge contains many metaphorical meanings. The results of the analysis of the meaning of this song are interpreted from several points of view from researchers. Figurative meanings are found in the song Pulang - For Revenge with a total of 17 figurative meanings.
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Kustini, Titin. "A Comparative Study Of the Students’ Competence in Finding Figurative And Lexical Meaning To Improve Speaking Ability at the Eleventh Grade of SMAN 1 Maja." Journal of English Language Learning 8, no. 1 (2024): 530–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/jell.v8i1.9830.
Full textAbstract:
Students often have difficulty understanding figurative meanings compared to lexical meanings. Figurative meaning refers to the immediate meaning conveyed when a language is spoken in isolation, while the secondary meaning is dependent on the context; this is known as figurative meaning. On the other hand, lexical meaning refers to the literal meaning of language elements as symbols of things. The research aims to assess students’ proficiency in identifying figurative and lexical meanings and to compare this between the experiment and control classes. The study involved 46 students from the eleventh year at SMAN 1 Maja. It was a quantitative research study, indicating that the data collected were presented in numerical form and then interpreted using statistical analysis. The research tools included a questionnaire, observation, pre-test, and post-test. The results of the research showed that students' competence in identifying figurative and lexical meanings was low during the pre-test (5.23) and reached a sufficient level during the post-test (6.07). The post-test scores for figurative and lexical meanings were 6.57 and 6.92, respectively. The difference between pre-test and post-test scores was analyzed using t-tests, which yielded significant results for both the control class (t=4.84) and the experiment class (t=3.94) for figurative meaning, and for lexical meaning in the control class (t=2.712) and the experiment class (t=3.98). These results demonstrate that students' competence in identifying figurative and lexical meanings can improve their English proficiency, particularly in enhancing their speaking ability.
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Gradistina, Luh Komang Mira, and Putu Desi Anggerina Hikmaharyanti. "FIGURATIVE LANGUAGES IN BTS ALBUM LOVE YOURSELF: ANSWER." SEMIOTIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Sastra dan Linguistik 24, no. 2 (2023): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/semiotika.v24i2.33752.
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This study aimed at analyzing BTS song lyrics and exploring more about the meanings of figurative languages. There were two theories used in this study, the first theory proposed by Kennedy (1983) for identifying the types of figurative languages and theory of meaning proposed by Leech (1974). This study applied qualitative method. Data were obtained from reading the lyric and listening to BTS songs, finding the word, phrase, and sentence containing figurative languages, taking notes on the types of figurative language, classifying the data into types of figurative language then analyzing the meaning. As a result, 5 types of figurative languages were found in BTS Album Love Yourself: Answer, they were Simile (20%), Metaphor (10%), Personification (5%), Hyperbole (50%), and Irony (15%). Hyperbole took the most dominant figurative language among other types. There were 5 out of 7 meanings found, affective meaning, stylistic or social meaning, thematic meaning, connotative meaning and reflective meaning.
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Rohani, Tri, and Safnil Arsyad. "SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE EXPRESSIONS IN “FEATURE” OF THE JAKARTA POST." JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics & Literature) 1, no. 1 (2018): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/joall.v3i1.6168.
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This study aims at investigating the types of figurative lexicons and the types of meaning of figurative lexicons found in “feature” of The Jakarta Post’s December editions. The methodology of the research used descriptive qualitative content analysis. The findings related to research questions showed that there were thirteen types of figurative lexicons found in “feature” of The Jakarta Post and the most dominant type of figurative lexicon found was simile while for the types of meanings of figurative lexicons found in “feature” of The Jakarta Post, it was found that there were seven types of meanings found in “feature” of the Jakarta Post and the most type of meaning of figurative lexicons found was conceptual meaning. This means that using simile and conceptual meaning in the news presentation of “feature” in The Jakarta Post were effective in order to help the readers easier in understanding the news presented in The Jakarta Post. Therefore, it is then recommended that teachers can bring this type of authentic material to school so the students are motivated and encourged to learn more things in English especially about figurative language and types of meanings
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Riwu, Ririn, Erniani O. Dethan, and Zuvyati Tlonaen. "A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN TIMORESE SONGS." Journal on Language, Education, Literature, and Culture 1, no. 1 (2023): 53–63. https://doi.org/10.33323/l.v1i1.10.
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Songs are written in artistic language. The artistic language is called figurative language in literature. This study is a descriptive study of figurative language in traditional Timorese songs. Timorese songs have figurative meanings hidden in the lyrics. Finding out figurative language's types and meanings is exciting and challenging. Therefore, the research objectives are to identify the types of figurative language and their meanings. This study was a documentary study using the qualitative method. The data was collected by reviewing 11 Timorese songs. The research procedures were downloading the songs (videos) from YouTube, transcribing and translating the data, identifying the figurative language, classifying them into types, analyzing and interpreting the meanings, and concluding. Data analysis used Miles and Huberman's data analysis; data reduction, data display, and data conclusion or verification. The research found seven types of figurative language; 1) simile (four sentences), 2) metaphor (three sentences), 3) allegory (four sentences), 4) personification (four sentences), 5) antonomasia (one sentence), and 6) epithet (three sentences). Figurative language in Timorese songs is a description the songwriter uses to explain meaning through unusual comparisons to attract attention and make something more straightforward. Future research on figurative language in traditional songs can be done to find more types and meanings.
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Nabila Mahdafiqya and Anita Dewi Ekawati. "Unveiling Figurative Meaning: In-Depth Investigation into Taylor Swift’s Song ‘Cruel Summer’." IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature 12, no. 2 (2025): 2378–91. https://doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v12i2.5273.
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Taylor Swift's works have been known to have lyrics that are rich in meaning and have hidden figurative meanings, therefore many listeners have difficulty understanding the meaning in the lyrics of her songs and some even interpret them incorrectly. This research is to uncover the hidden figurative meanings in Taylor Swift's "Cruel Summer" lyrics and explore the use of figurative language and emotional expressions to convey deeper meanings. A qualitative descriptive method was used to analyze the song lyrics, with an approach based on Perrine's (1969) theory of figurative language. Data collection is based on observation of the lyrics of the song 'Cruel Summer'. The results of the analysis show that there are 19 figurative data with 7 different types of figurative language: 2 similes (10.53%), 8 metaphors (42.11%), 2 personifications (10.53%), 1 synecdoche (5.26%), 3 symbols (15.79%), 2 hyperboles (10.53%), and 1 irony (5.26%). The dominant figurative language in the lyrics of "Cruel Summer" is a metaphor with the largest percentage (42.11%). Taylor Swift uses metaphors to convey her message directly using other terms with more beautiful language.
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Usmonkulovna, Baxranova Dilnoza. "Expression of Figurative Meanings in Korean Language." American Journal of Philological Sciences 05, no. 04 (2025): 133–36. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/volume05issue04-33.
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Polysemy is a phenomenon of language that needs to be studied both theoretically and practically. Its theoretical significance is reflected in the comparative study of the ways of semantic transfer in the work on the basis of bilingual materials. The practical aspect of the phenomenon of ambiguity can be seen in the structure of translation and explanatory dictionaries. Polysemy is examined in terms of the semantic structure of the word. The study of ambiguity in a particular language also focuses on the historical development, thinking, and cultural life of that people. The results can also be used effectively in the learning process.
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Dewi, Nenny Kartika, Sudirman Maca, and Andi Tenri Abeng. "Figurative Meaning in Inaugural Speech of Joe Biden." Humaniora: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Education 1, no. 1 (2021): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.56326/jlle.v1i1.1135.
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This study aimed to discover and explain the types, lexical meaning and contextual meaning of figurative languages used in Joe Biden’s Inaugural speech and this study is hoped to be utilized by further researcher. The data sources used in this study was the inaugural speech of Joe Biden. Inanalyzing the data, the writer used descriptive qualitative research method through semantic approach. Data were obtained by using the techniques of reading, noting, and analyzing. While inclassifying the data, the writer used Keraf’s theory of figurative language. In this study, the writeranalyzed the inaugural speech of Joe Biden in order to find and classify the figurative language and the meaning. The results of this study indicate that there were 13figurative language used by Joe Biden. There were 6 types figurative language found in the speech consists of six metonym, one synecdoche, two simile, one epithet, two metaphor and one allusion. There were 26 meanings of the data consists of13 contextual meanings of the data which the meanings based from the context where the language is used. And 13 lexical meanings of the data were the meanings found in online dictionary.
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Purnomo, Budi, Nunun Tri Widarwati, and Arini Hidayah. "Tourist Attractions in Campursari Lyrics: Analysis of Figurative Language and of Meaning." Script Journal: Journal of Linguistics and English Teaching 7, no. 01 (2022): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/sj.v7i01.935.
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Background: 
 Many of Didi Kempot’s campursari songs have the themes of tourist attractions. In the Javanese song lyrics and carry the sadness of a man who lost his lover, they contain various figurative languages and meanings related to the ethics and attitudes of Javanese people in using language in their lives by showing language and figurative languages when talking to certain people at a certain place and at a certain time. However, not many people know the figurative languages and meanings expressed in the lyrics of tourist attraction themed songs.
 Methodology: 
 The campursari songs with the themes of tourist attractions were first studied. The lyrics taken from the seven songs were analyzed based on Gibbs’ types of figurative language and Leech’s types of meaning. Three expert raters who are fluent in Javanese, Indonesian and English were asked to review the accuracy and clarity. In using content analysis, the primary data were gathered from the Didi Kempot & Sobat Ambyar Orchestra-YouTube video.
 Findings: 
 The types of figurative language in the lyrics of campursari songs with the themes of tourist attractions are personification, hyperbole, litotes, simile and repetition. The types of meaning contained in the lyrics of campursari songs are conceptual, connotative, social, affective, reflective, collocative and thematic meanings. The meanings related to Javanese ethics and attitudes include the attitudes of narima ‘receptiveness’, sabar ‘patient’, tepa slira ‘tolerance’, aja ngaya ‘don’t push yourself’ and aja srakah ‘don’t be greedy’.
 Conclusion: 
 The results of this study are expected to make the public better know and understand the figurative languages and of meanings contained in the lyrics of campursari songs with the themes of tourist attractions.
 Originality: 
 This study attempts to analyze the figurative languages and the meanings of the lyrics of campursari songs with the themes of tourist attractions, as never been previously done, and make the public better know and understand them. This research also intends to analyze the meanings associated with the ethics and attitudes of the Javanese in using figurative languages in their lives.
 Keywords: tourist attractions; campursari lyrics; figurative language; meaning
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Puspitorini, Ferawaty, and Haris Hamdani. "An Analysis of Figurative Language on The Lyrics of Coldplay's Selected Song." International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics (IJEAL) 1, no. 3 (2021): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/ijeal.v1i3.1126.
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The purpose of this study was to know the kinds of figurative language used in selected lyrics of Coldplay song. This research was designed to identify some figurative language by understanding the general meaning when they are used in the lyrics of songs. The technique of descriptive analysis offered to analyze data by reading the data, then identifying the figurative language used in the lyrics of the song. After identifying some figurative languages then they are categorized into some kinds of figurative languages. Then, the general meaning of figurative language by identifying the lexical meaning and contextual meaning of the four selected lyrics of the song are used to analyze the data got from the song. Based on research findings, some figurative languages were found in Coldplay’s selected songs. Most of the figurative language which is used in the lyrics of Coldplay’s selected songs is “Hyperbole” which has a great exaggeration used to emphasize a point, and used for expressive or comic effect. The meanings which were found from the song are classified into connotative meanings. The lyrics of Coldplay’s selected songs tell us about humanity’s social life which contains love, sadness, happiness, spirit and others. In the lyrics of Coldplay’s selected songs, figurative languages are helpful to understand the song. The existence of figurative language is not to complicate the understanding of lyrics but to simplify and clear the understanding of lyrics. The song is very suitable for English Learners who want to improve their English skills in analyzing lyrics that contain figurative language. From the explanation above can be concluded that in analyzing lyrics besides finding figurative language in lyrics, the meanings of the song that contain figurative languages and messages of the song can be understood.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Figurative meanings"
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Encinas, Arquero Pablo. "Literal and figurative meanings of Spanish spatial prepositions in Chinese students' acquisition of Spanish as a third language." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/4873.
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This thesis investigates the acquisition of the spatial and figurative meanings of five Spanish spatial particles, namely sobre, encima, debajo, bajo and en, by a group of Chinese university students of Spanish as a foreign language at intermediate and upper-intermediate language levels. More specifically, this study aims to answer two questions. The first question considers the order of acquisition of prepositional meanings, that is, whether this is similar to a native language, with literal and more primary meanings acquired first and figurative ones later or, conversely, whether the pattern of acquisition is different to that found in a first language (Kemmerer, 2005; Lam, 2010). The second question of this research is to determine whether there are observable differences between the degree of acquisition and use of these prepositions in English compared to Spanish, and if so, what the characteristics of these differences are. To try to answer these questions, the performance of this group of participants in four behavioural tests is compared. The tests were a lexical identification task, a picture fill-in-the- blank task, a sentence generation task and a truth value judgment task. These tests were conducted both in Spanish, which the participants had begun to study at undergraduate level and English, which they had first been exposed to in school in a pre-puberty period. The results of this study indicate, first, that the acquisition of the literal and figurative meanings of the spatial particles in this study does not follow a pattern similar to that found in a native language. That is, meaning acquisition in a foreign language occurs in a parallel or simultaneous pattern. Furthermore, in a non-immersion context such as that of this study, the age at which students begin the study of a foreign language is not a decisive factor in determining the degree of mastery that students can obtain. The quantity and quality of the input students are exposed to; together with an appropriate methodology appear to be the most important factors in predicting the level of proficiency that can be reached.
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Rydblom, Oskar. "Onomatopoeic phrasal verbs : A corpus study of their meanings and usage in American English." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Language and Literature, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6360.
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<p>This study examines how the meanings of onomatopoeic phrasal verbs are created and in which register these verbs are most frequently used. Through the study of previous research on the subject qualities of onomatopoeia and phrasal verbs are identified. Based on this a framework for identifying phrasal verbs and categorizing the meanings of onomatopoeic verbs and particles was created. Using the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), a study of concordance lines and frequency in different registers was carried out on 50 onomatopoeic phrasal verbs. These verbs were constructed from ten mono-syllabic onomatopoeic verbs and three opposite pairs of spatial adverbs. The study found that several metaphorical meanings of the onomatopoeic verbs examined were not listed in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). The meanings of the particles were strongly linked to metaphorical structures.The conclusion of this study was that onomatopoeic verbs possess a flexibility that allows them to create a variety of different meanings. Furthermore, the types of meaning can be categorized after a pattern, although this pattern is often not found in the dictionary. The onomatopoeic phrasal verbs studied were most frequent in the fiction register, more so than other phrasal verbs. Understanding of the metaphorical nature of particles such as up and down is imperative to understand how the meaning of a phrasal verb is created. This should be taken into consideration when teaching English as a second language or creating a dictionary.</p>
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Friström, Bala Paula. "A cognitive approach to figurative language : Translating conceptual metaphors and hyperboles." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-44856.
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The present study combines quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate translation strategies applied in a translation of a few chapters in Cat Counsellor, which is a book about cat behaviour. A cognitive approach and translation strategies are the focus of this essay, which arrives at the conclusion that figurative language in general, and conceptual metaphors and hyperboles in particular, are used to manipulate, or rather convince readers of Cat Counsellor of a certain outlook. The translation strategies investigated in this essay are literal translation, transference translation and meaning translation. Of these translation strategies literal translation was applied 70% of the time, which indicates that similar cultures use similar figurative language. It also indicates that the target text and language often benefit from new figurative language rendered in the source language and source text. An important conclusion is that metaphorical language, such as conceptual metaphors and hyperboles may seem easy to translate, while in fact concepts can vary across cultures, which indicate that the translator carefully has to consider his or her translation choices in order to produce an accurate translation.
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Жиленко, Ірина Рудольфівна, Ирина Рудольфовна Жиленко, Iryna Rudolfivna Zhylenko та З. Рой. "Крилаті вислови античності у друкованих ЗМІ (на прикладі матеріалів газети "Дзеркало тижня")". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15274.
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Graziani, Elena. "I colori nelle espressioni idiomatiche inglesi ed italiane." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8853/.
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The purpose of this work is to analyse the figurative and metaphorical meanings of colours in English and Italian, focusing on the analysis and comparison of colour idioms in these two languages and cultures. The study starting point is the assumption that language and culture are inextricably related: they influence and modify each other, and both contribute to shaping our world-view.
English and Italian colour idioms will be presented, compared and contrasted. Each colour is introduced by its figurative meaning in the two cultures. It is also shown whether and how the symbolic meaning is reflected in idiomatic language. The approach to English and Italian idioms is contrastive in order to show cases of direct correspondence (i.e. same colour, same meaning), partial correspondence (i.e. different colour or different idiom but same meaning) and cases peculiar to each language that lack of an idiomatic equivalent in the other language.
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Suttie, Paul. "Allegory in action : the relation between literal and figurative meaning in the 1590 edition of Spenser's The Faerie Queene." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20815.
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Critics have commonly assumed that, in <I>The Faerie Queene</I>, and in allegorical literature generally, the figurative meaning of the text is unknowable in principle to the characters who take part in its literal narrative vehicle, and may rather be discovered only by the text's readers. But in fact there are two quite different kinds of allegory: in one, the figurative meaning of the text does (as such critics suppose of all allegory) constitute a distinct structure or 'world' from the imaginary world constituted by its narrative vehicle; but in the other, the figurative meaning <I>coexists</I> with the text's literal meaning inside a single imaginary world. Essentially the same types were distinguished by Christian Biblical exegetes throughout the Middle Ages; but medieval writers theorized the distinction in terms of the fictionality or truth of the text's literal meaning, a characterization which is accurate so far as it goes, but problematic for a modern theorist in that it is designed as an account only of Biblical allegory rather than of allegory more generally, and presupposes Christian piety as the basis of its distinction between allegory's two kinds. Recasting the distinction in terms of the figurative meaning's existence or non-existence inside the imaginary work of the literal narrative allows us to discern the presence of the two kinds both in allegorical literature generally and in <I>The Faerie Queene</I> in particular. In Books One to Three of Spenser's poem, it is primarily for the characters who inhabit the world of the narrative that both the literal and figurative meanings of the poem exist; as readers, we apprehend the two kinds of meaning and the relation between them primarily through their imaginary experience.
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Larsson, Kalle. "Punning Exploiting External and Internal Metaphors : A Study of Groucho Marx's Use of Metaphor Reversal." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6664.
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<p>The aim of this study has been to analyse metaphorical strings which have been interpreted literally, a process referred to as metaphor reversal. This was first described by Löflund (1999:18) and the specific term was later coined by Alm-Arvius (2006:6). Metaphor reversal is basically a subcategory of the broader term polysemy punning.</p><p>When a metaphor unexpectedly is interpreted literally, a humorous effect takes place and a pun is created. Especially if the metaphorisation in question has an entrenched figurative meaning, the unexpectedness of the literal interpretation is greater and the pun more obvious. The examples of these puns exploiting metaphor reversal have been taken from films featuring the verbal comedian Groucho Marx (GM), who frequently used this type and other kinds of puns in his films.</p><p>The terms internal and external metaphor, coined by Alm-Arvius (2003:78), have been used in order to distinguish between two different types of metaphorisations. Internal metaphor refers to metaphors with obvious internal collocational clashes and external metaphor refers to metaphors without such clashes, which can thus be given a literal as well as a figurative reading. However, this is not a clear-cut distinction and occasional overlapping between the two categories is common. Therefore, a continuum has been given which shows the overlapping category ‘more figurative external metaphors’. These are metaphors without collocational clashes, but with entrenched figurative meanings which make them metaphorical and not literal.</p><p>GM does not only revert external metaphors; he also reverts internal metaphors although this category contains collocational clashes which should make a literal interpretation impossible. Internal metaphor puns tend to be more absurd than external metaphor puns due to the collocational clashes which make the literal interpretation less probable. Reverted external metaphors are referred to as REM and reverted internal metaphors as RIM.</p><p>Most examples analysed are metaphorisations with idiom status with clearly preferred figurative meanings. Consequently, their figurative meanings are deeply entrenched and should not be altered. However, these figurative meanings are altered by GM in his punning; they are reverted and interpreted literally. This indicates that one of the few occasions when it is accepted or even possible to interpret a metaphorical idiom literally is in punning.</p>
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Halling, Angelica. "This paper sure is a brass ring! : A quantitative study on the effect of context for non-native students’ interpretation of English idioms." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-38225.
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Idioms are a big part of languages but can cause trouble for communication, especially for non-native speakers of a language. Interpreting idioms correctly means that one must derive a figurative meaning from words that individually mean something else. Recent research primarily focuses on the impact of context for successful idiom comprehension and seems to prioritize native speakers’ understanding of them. This study investigates the impact of context for Swedish non-native upper secondary students’ interpretation of English idioms. It further explores if grades and level of education are factors to consider. In a two-part, multiple-choice test, 53 students were presented with 10 idioms in context and 10 idioms out of context with two additional questions regarding level of education and last received grade in English. The students were also asked whether they had seen each idiom before or not. The results showed that context and grade seem to have impact on non-native students’ interpretation of idioms to some extent, but level of education does not seem to. One interesting finding was that idioms were interpreted correctly even though they were neither presented in context nor were considered familiar by the students. A possible conclusion is therefore that even if context is an important factor for successful idiom interpretation for non-native students, several other factors might be of equal importance.
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Steinvall, Anders. "English Colour Terms in Context." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Modern Languages, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-86.
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<p>This thesis examines usage of English colour terms in context, based on an extensive computerised text corpus, the Bank of English. It describes the ways in which English colour terms may be used to refer to nuances outside their normal area of designation and to attributes outside the colour domain. Usage patterns are analysed on three different levels: with regard to the overall frequency of occurrences, nominal domains and individual tokens, respectively. </p><p>Cognitive linguistics supplies the theoretical framework employed in the analyses of the observed patterns. The study identifies three types of usage where colour terms refer to peripheral colour nuances or to concepts outside the colour domain: classifying, figurative and marked usage. </p><p>When a colour term has a classifying function, it can be used outside the normal area of designation. This usage is analysed as a type of reference-point construction where a term referring to a salient point in the colour domain is used to subcategorise an entity whose actual colour may be only a peripheral member of the category named by the colour term. An analysis of the OED and the Bank of English shows that this type of usage is primarily restricted to a few of the most salient basic terms. </p><p>This study points to the close affinities between classifying and figurative usage. Figurative expressions of colour terms frequently have a classifying function. I argue that figurative meanings are derived through two types of metonymy: +SALIENT ATTRIBUTE FOR OBJECT+ and +SALIENT CONCRETE ATTRIBUTE FOR SALIENT ABSTRACT ATTRIBUTE+. </p><p>Marked usage arises when specific colour terms are used in nominal domains where the specificity is not expected. This phenomenon is consequently confined to non-basic colour terms. </p><p>On the basis of the established patterns of usage and the frequency of occurrences, this thesis suggests that the colour category may be analysed as a radial category, with the basic colour terms forming the centre. </p>
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Ribeiro, Regilene Aparecida Sarzi. "Regimes de visibilidade do corpo fragmentado e construção de sentido e interação na vídeoarte brasileira." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/4379.
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Previous issue date: 2012-05-14<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The theme of this research is to build simulations of the fragmented body and
its role as an operator of the meaning and interaction of the individual in the
contemporary. The research objectives are: to analyze the role of the
organization figurative and plastic, the thematization of the body, the figuration
of the whole and the parts that link to different treatments of the subject and
intervene in the narrative and discursive interactions, study of social meaning
and visibility through the interactional relations arranged by the use of
expressive audiovisual system, the description of the procedures enunciative,
the apprehension of the individuals in interaction and processing a esthesic
sense of body self and other. The methodological basis of the research is based
on Discursive Semiotics of Algirdas Julien Greimas and his associates, in the
Semiotics of Plastic Jean-Marie Floch, in the field of social interactions
formalized by Eric Landowski Sociossemiótica and research in the semiotic
Brazilian Ana Claudia de Oliveira on the expression sensitive to global
enunciation of concreteness. The research corpus consists of four Brazilian
vídeoartes produced between the years 1975 and 2002. The actors of
utterances installed in the works prepared for analysis are artists belonging to
the first and current generation of Brazilian vídeo, as Leticia Parente, a pioneer
in the record of performing actions in the 1970s, and Nina Galanternick, Danillo
Barata and Lia Chaia, recognized for experimentation and research of vídeo
language. The vídeos have analyzed points in common, like the fact that the
body of the creator as the enunciator and surfactant statement and closeness
between some semantic categories, but differ in aesthetic treatment, plastic and
audiovisual syncretism. Research shows the fragmented body as an operator in
the sense vídeoartes and vídeo as a semiotic fact that it makes in the act, which
gives you the power to capture in close proximity to the body effect and its
enunciation of significant seizures of meaning. Of semiotic analysis comes to
the operationalization of aesthesia, procedures and metonymic description of
the effects of meaning generated in the interaction between the discursive body
language, gestures and kinetic and audiovisual language. The study contributes
to the area of communication, in that it presents original research, detailed and
elaborate procedure of mediation between the metonymic, the part for the
whole, interactive media and practices that expand the topic and offer referrals
relevant to future studies on the convergence between art and media, art and
communication<br>O tema desta pesquisa é a construção de simulacros do corpo fragmentado e sua
atuação como um operador do sentido e interação do sujeito no contemporâneo. Os
objetivos da pesquisa são: análise do papel da organização figurativa e plástica, da
tematização do corpo, da figuratividade do todo e das partes que apontam para
distintos tratamentos do sujeito e intervêm nas interações narrativas e
discursivas; estudo dos regimes de sentido e visibilidade por meio das relações
interacionais dispostas pelo uso do sistema expressivo audiovisual, da descrição dos
procedimentos enunciativos, da apreensão dos sujeitos em interação e do
processamento estésico do sentido do corpo do si mesmo e do outro. A base
metodológica da pesquisa é pautada na Semiótica Discursiva de Algirdas Julien
Greimas e seus colaboradores; na Semiótica Plástica de Jean-Marie Floch; no
campo das interações sociais formalizadas por Eric Landowski na Sociossemiótica e
nas pesquisas da semioticista brasileira Ana Claudia de Oliveira sobre a expressão
sensível como concretude da enunciação global. O corpus da pesquisa é constituído
por quatro vídeoartes brasileiras, produzidas entre os anos de 1975 e 2002. Os
atores das enunciações instalados nas obras recortadas para análise são artistas
pertencentes à primeira e à atual geração do vídeo brasileiro, como Letícia Parente,
pioneira no registro de ações performáticas na década de 1970, e Nina Galanternick,
Danillo Barata e Lia Chaia, reconhecidos pela experimentação e investigação da
linguagem vídeográfica. Os vídeos analisados possuem pontos em comum, como o
fato de ter o corpo do criador como enunciador e actante do enunciado e a
proximidade entre algumas categorias semânticas, mas se distinguem no tratamento
estético, plástico e sincrético do audiovisual. A investigação mostra o corpo
fragmentado como um operador de sentido nas vídeoartes e o vídeo como um fato
semiótico que se perfaz em ato, o que lhe dá competência para captar em
proximidade íntima o fazer sentido corpóreo e sua enunciação de apreensões
significantes da significação. Da análise semiótica provém à operacionalização da
estesia, dos procedimentos metonímicos e a descrição dos efeitos de sentido
gerados na interação discursiva entre as linguagens corporais, gestual e cinética e a
linguagem audiovisual. O estudo contribui para a área de Comunicação, na medida
em que apresenta uma investigação original, minuciosa e elaborada das mediações
entre o procedimento metonímico, a parte pelo todo, e as práticas interativas
midiáticas, que ampliam o tema e oferecem encaminhamentos relevantes para
estudos futuros sobre a convergência entre a arte e a mídia, a arte e a comunicação
Books on the topic "Figurative meanings"
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L, Colston Herbert, ed. Interpreting figurative meaning. Cambridge University Press, 2012.
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Baicchi, Annalisa, ed. Figurative Meaning Construction in Thought and Language. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ftl.9.
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Harchenko, Vera. The richness of color in Russian. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1895948.
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The monograph explores direct color designations with various ways of translating color characteristics: emotional, figurative, playful, tint. The analysis of various objects embodying color (animals and plants, food and minerals, fabrics and natural phenomena) is given. Some color meanings lost in modern Russian are analyzed. Color in painting, iconography, fiction, poetry, colloquial discourse, science, medicine, production, folklore is also included in the structure of the book. Throughout the narrative, the amazing subtlety of the Russian language in the transmission of the color palette is emphasized.
 It can be useful to students, postgraduates and teachers of philological universities and faculties, as well as to all readers interested in the issues of color designation.
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Dingena, Marian. The creation of meaning in advertising: Interaction of figurative advertising and individual differences in processing styles. Thesis Publishers, 1994.
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Gertsman, Elina, ed. Abstraction in Medieval Art. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462989894.
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Abstraction haunts medieval art, both withdrawing figuration and suggesting elusive presence. How does it make or destroy meaning in the process? Does it suggest the failure of figuration, the faltering of iconography? Does medieval abstraction function because it is imperfect, incomplete, and uncorrected-and therefore cognitively, visually demanding? Is it, conversely, precisely about perfection? To what extent is the abstract predicated on theorization of the unrepresentable and imperceptible? Does medieval abstraction pit aesthetics against metaphysics, or does it enrich it, or frame it, or both? Essays in this collection explore these and other questions that coalesce around three broad themes: medieval abstraction as the untethering of the image from what it purports to represent; abstraction as a vehicle for signification; and abstraction as a form of figuration. Contributors approach the concept of medieval abstraction from a multitude of perspectives-formal, semiotic, iconographic, material, phenomenological, epistemological.
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Bavaeva, Ol'ga. Metaphorical parallels of the neutral nomination "man" in modern English. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1858259.
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The monograph is devoted to a multidimensional analysis of metaphor in modern English as a parallel nomination that exists along with a neutral equivalent denoting a person. The problem of determining the essence of metaphorical names and their role in the language has attracted the attention of many foreign and domestic linguists on the material of various languages, but until now the fact of the parallel existence of metaphors and neutral nominations has not been emphasized.
 The research is in line with modern problems of linguistics related to the relationship of language, thinking and reflection of the surrounding reality. All these problems are integrated and resolved within the framework of linguistic semantics, in particular in the semantics of metaphor. Multilevel study of language material based on semantic, component, etymological analysis methods contributed to a systematic and comprehensive description of this most important part of the lexical system of the English language.
 Metaphorical parallels are considered as the result of the interaction of three complexes, which allows us to identify their associative-figurative base, as well as the types of metaphorical parallels, depending on the nature of the connection between direct and figurative meaning. Based on the analysis of various human character traits and behavior that evoke associations with animals, birds, objects, zoomorphic, artifact, somatic, floral and anthropomorphic metaphorical parallels of the neutral nomination "man" are distinguished. The social aspect of metaphorical parallels is also investigated as a reflection of gender, status and age characteristics of a person.
 It can be used in the training of philologists and translators when reading theoretical courses on lexicology, stylistics, word formation of the English language, as well as in practical classes, in lexicographic practice.
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Meanings and Metaphors: Activities to Practise Figurative Language (Cambridge Copy Collection). Cambridge University Press, 2003.
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English and Danish Dictionary: Containing the Genuine Words of Both Languages with Their Proper and Figurative Meanings. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2022.
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Berthelson, Andreas. An English and Danish Dictionary: Containing the Genuine Words of Both Languages With Their Proper and Figurative Meanings. Franklin Classics Trade Press, 2018.
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Berthelson, Andreas. An English and Danish Dictionary: Containing the Genuine Words of Both Languages With Their Proper and Figurative Meanings. Franklin Classics, 2018.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Figurative meanings"
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Koring, Loes. "Producing figurative meanings." In Figurative Thought and Language. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ftl.10.09kor.
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D’Amore, Bruno. "Figurative Arts and Mathematics: Pipes, Horses, Triangles and Meanings." In Applications of Mathematics in Models, Artificial Neural Networks and Arts. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8581-8_20.
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Vernillo, Paola. "Grounding Abstract Concepts in Action." In Language, Cognition, and Mind. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69823-2_8.
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AbstractSensory-motor information is linguistically encoded by action verbs. Such verbs are not only used to express action concepts and events, but they are also pervasively exploited in the linguistic representation of abstract concepts and figurative meanings. In the light of several theoretical approaches (i.e., Embodied Theories, Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Image Schema Theory), this paper analyzes the mechanisms that enable action verbs to acquire abstract meanings and that motivate the symmetries (or asymmetries) in the semantic variations of locally equivalent verbs (e.g., premere and spingere; Eng., to press and to push). The research is carried out within the IMAGACT framework and focuses on a set of four Italian action verbs encoding force (i.e., premere, spingere, tirare, and trascinare; Eng., to press, to push, to pull, and to drag). The results confirm that metaphorical extensions of action verbs are constrained by the image schemas involved in the core meaning of the verbs. Additionally, the paper shows that these image schemas are responsible for the asymmetries in the metaphorical variation of action verbs pertaining to the same semantic class (i.e., force).
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Thompson, Patrick W., Cameron Byerley, and Alan O’Bryan. "Figurative and Operative Imagery: Essential Aspects of Reflection in the Development of Schemes and Meanings." In Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology for Mathematics Education Research. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47386-9_5.
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Batakoja, Meri, and Tihana Hrastar. "A Synthesis Paradigm as a Way of Bringing Back to Life the Artistic Monuments Inspired by the Motives of the People’s Liberation Struggle and Revolution of Yugoslavia." In The Urban Book Series. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_83.
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AbstractThe artistic monuments inspired by the motives of the People’s Liberation Struggle and Revolution of Yugoslavia are stratified phenomena constructed through a multitude of meanings. They are an indispensable part of important movements of architectural thought: the Yugoslavian avant-garde and the synthesis of all arts as its distinctive operational mode; the process of how the modern non-figurative means became an official language to Yugoslavian socialist ideology as opposed to the soc-realist figuration of the Eastern Bloc; the popularization of the Yugoslavian heritage taking place in the last decade as a unique enclave of the world scene of modern architecture, etc. This paper aims to argument their conception and meaning as a complex synthesis of art, architecture, technology and nature, and at the same time to open a potential health paradigm positioning them in the context of open-air culture, new ritual practices of social memory and new museum-destination types of contemporary art forms. In terms of methodology, this study puts together architectural scholars who actively work on the problem of the synthesis of the arts, offers a detailed review of existing scientific knowledge on artistic monuments in order to provide a new conceptual frame, an instructive yet speculative material that can alter the perception away from the old ideological stand into a new and healthy synthesized experience. Apart from the theorization of this synthesis paradigm as a way of bringing back to life the artistic monuments inspired by the motives of the People’s Liberation Struggle and Revolution of Yugoslavia, this paper provides criteria for this new conceptual frame and showcases them upon selected case study.
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Athanasiadou, Angeliki. "Intensification via figurative language." In Figurative Meaning Construction in Thought and Language. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ftl.9.04ath.
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Gibbs, Raymond W. "Experiential tests of figurative meaning construction." In Aspects of Meaning Construction. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.136.04gib.
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Brdar, Mario, Rita Brdar-Szabó, and Benedikt Perak. "Separating (non-)figurative weeds from wheat." In Figurative Meaning Construction in Thought and Language. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ftl.9.02brd.
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Wilks, Ian. "Abelard on Figurative Language and Transferred Meaning." In Arizona Studies in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Brepols Publishers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.asmar-eb.4.00014.
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Charteris-Black, Jonathan. "A contrastive cognitive perspective on Malay and English figurative language." In Meaning Through Language Contrast. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.100.09cha.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Figurative meanings"
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Saakyan, Arkadiy, Shreyas Kulkarni, Tuhin Chakrabarty, and Smaranda Muresan. "Understanding Figurative Meaning through Explainable Visual Entailment." In Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.naacl-long.1.
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Krejčí, Pavel. "Janko na Kosovu a sedláci u Chlumce aneb Jak lze také frazeologicky vyjádřit neúspěch, nezdar, porážku." In Současná česká a srbská slavistická bádání. Masaryk University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0684-2024-8.
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Failure can be expressed directly, but also in a figurative way, e.g. using phraseological expressions. Phraseology (Czech and Serbian) has a whole range of units that are capable of expressing the desired meaning. In our contribution, however, we analyse only those selected Czech and Serbian phrasemes that have a simile structure, and that structure contains a toponymic component.
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Oprit-Maftei, Carmen. "HANDLING IDIOMS IN JOB INTERVIEWS." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on ART and HUMANITIES - ISCAH 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscah.2024/s11.28.
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In Romania, soon-to-be-graduates who aim at joining the corporate world are expected to master English for professional communication in order to make an impact on the hiring committee when they enter the increasingly competitive international labour market. Indisputably, communication skills are in high demand nowadays, in addition to some other essential soft skills such as critical thinking, motivation, mindful listening, empathy or flexibility, among others, which can improve job prospects. ESP students, in general can sometimes face difficulties when dealing with idioms as they are sometimes challenging since they have figurative meaning, which is different from the literal meaning of the individual words making them up. However, they play an essential role in language acquisition and their efficient use in communication can be a gateway to success both in face-to-face or online interviews. The present paper aims at providing an overview of idioms in job interviews used as an important communication tool by ESP students in an attempt to improve their ability to communicate effectively. The proper use of idioms may have a great impact on communication as they add humor and convey nuance whether we speak about applicants who cast their net wide in pursuit of their dream job or recruiters who separate the sheep from the goats in an attempt to find talented employees.
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Warmadewi, A. A., and A. A. Oka. "Figurative Meanings Found in Coldplay’s Song Lyric." In Proceedings of the First International Seminar on Languare, Literature, Culture and Education, ISLLCE, 15-16 November 2019, Kendari, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.15-11-2019.2296211.
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Dyer, Michael G., and Uri Zernik. "Encoding and acquiring meanings for figurative phrases." In the 24th annual meeting. Association for Computational Linguistics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/981131.981148.
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Pesina, Svetlana. "Effective Figurative Meanings Interpretation For Online Translation Packages." In Joint Conferences: 20th Professional Culture of the Specialist of the Future & 12th Communicative Strategies of Information Society. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.12.03.59.
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Shahin, Suveyda. "EXPRESSIONS MADE WITH ORGAN NAMES IN BABUR'S DIVAN." In The Impact of Zahir Ad-Din Muhammad Bobur’s Literary Legacy on the Advancement of Eastern Statehood and Culture. Alisher Navoi' Tashkent state university of Uzbek language and literature, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/bobur.conf.2023.25.09/vjyi2672.
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Idioms constitute an important part of a language's vocabulary such as stereotypes, proverbs, and dilemmas. Idioms have a figurative structure and can also be characterized as indicators of social structure. The power of learning a language and penetrating it through idioms. Idioms, which are formed around the cultural structure of each nation and are the heritage of the common culture, have preserved their structures and meanings for centuries and have survived to the present day with very minor changes in historical periods. Due to their historical continuity and figurative structures, the importance of idioms in understanding andinterpreting texts and transferring them into another Turkish dialect cannot be denied. For this purpose, in our paper, we want to identify and classify the idioms formed with the names of organs in the Babur divan of the 16th century and discuss them interms of meaning and structure. Whether the idioms used in the work continue to exist today and whether their meanings live in the same way will be determined at the end of the paper.
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Todea, Luminița. "Multicultural aspects of idiomatic expressions and chrematonyms." In International Conference on Onomastics “Name and Naming”. Editura Mega, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30816/iconn5/2019/70.
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Idioms have always aroused the curiosity of linguists and there is a long tradition in the study of idioms, especially within the field of lexicology. This research aims to illustrate and discuss the relevance of idiomatic expressions for English language learners and to investigate a selection of idioms and chrematonyms that include ethnonyms. While native speakers tend to use idiomatic expressions spontaneously without thinking of their figurative meaning, for non-native learners, idioms are somehow difficult to acquire. Accurate explanation of their meanings, their cultural and historical correlations as well as a constant exposure to idiomatic expressions and constant usage increase the language learners’ communicative competence.
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Klapicová, Edita. "The figurativeness of the language of St. Teresa of Ávila." In The Figurativeness of the Language of Mystical Experience. Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9997-2021-16.
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This paper aims at analyzing The Interior Castle of St. Teresa of Ávila using a stylistic approach. The Interior Castle was inspired by the author’s vision of the soul as a diamond in the shape of a castle containing seven mansions, which she interpreted as the journey of faith through seven stages, ending with union with God. The stylistic analysis of the chosen text combines intuition and detailed linguistic analysis of the text. The form and style of the text are an integral part of the work’s meaning and value. In our analysis of The Interior Castle, lexical and syntactical expressive means and stylistic devices are discussed in order to explore the figurative meanings of the language employed.
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Melnic, Tamara, and Alexei Usaciov. "Issues of musical semantics of F. Chopin in the context of the era of romanticism." In Patrimoniul cultural: cercetare, valorificare, promovare. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975351379.19.
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The study of works of the Romanticism period and the formation of appropriate ideas about the romantic musical style is an effective way to activate the creative thinking of young professional musicians, stimulates their artistic initiative, and makes up for the shortcomings of the technological approach. Thus, the performer gets the opportunity to realize the correct reading of the musical text, resourcefully participates in the creation of his own parts and makes stylistically competent interpretations. The creation of F. Chopin had an undoubted influence on the creation of the figurative and meaningful image of the era in which the composer lived. Using some aspects of the method of semantic analysis, the authors of the article tried to consider some features of Chopin’s musical thinking and discover the relationship between the complex of expressive means used by the composer and the meanings expressed by them, thus trying to achieve a more in-depth understanding of the style of Romanticism.
Reports on the topic "Figurative meanings"
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Kankash, Н., Т. Cherkasova, S. Novoseletska, N. Shapran, and L. Bilokonenko. The Use of Linguistic Means of Figurativeness and Evaluativity to Exert Influence in the Speeches of the Chief Delegates of the Ukrainian SSR at the Sessions of the UN General Assembly. Криворізький державний педагогічний університет, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4648.
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The purpose of the study is to identify the figurative means in the formal diplomatic texts of speeches of chief delegates of the Ukrainian SSR to exert influence at the sessions of the UN General Assembly. Based on the interpretive method of speech analysis and the method of generalisation of the data obtained, an attempt was made to identify the main figurative means and expressiveness of speech, which help to achieve the effect of influence on the reader (listener). In order to identify hidden meanings, a hermeneutic approach to understanding texts was used. According to the results of the study, the most actively used linguistic means of figurativeness in the considered texts are epithets, metaphors, phraseologies. There are many more negative epithets used in the texts of speeches than positive ones, which aim to make people aware of the idea of self-preservation, to arouse emotions of anxiety, fear, vigilance. Metaphors of positive and negative evaluation are used to verbalise mental states, social states and thought processes. Most of the epithets, metaphors, idioms represented in the text are used to denote a negative evaluation, which is perceived as a deviation from the norm and is motivated by the following factors: the reluctance of people to take positive action, irresponsible attitude of some people towards others, socially unacceptable flaws and shortcomings. A logical continuation of this study is the analysis of linguistic means of figurativeness and evaluativity of other types of texts of the official style, including statements and conventions.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.
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The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.
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Los, Josyp. Панорама сенсів: аргументи авторитетів світоглядної публіцистики. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11731.
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The article deals with the problem of the meaningfulness (essence) of the worldview journalism in the context of the argumentative resources of the work of influentive authors, for which the missionary role of the word is decisive. The search for meaning has been debated for centuries by orators, philosophers, psychologists, writers, sociologists, historians, journalists, and so on. In addition to other factors, a combination of the principles of worldview journalism and conceptual humanitarianism gives effective results. The author explores the acute problem of the effectiveness of a journalistic text through the prism of knowing the truth, meaning, since this is precisely where the source of wisdom is found; we are talking about spirituality, culture, historical memory. As influental authors proved with their arguments, the collection of facts is not enough, it is important to find the meaning of the existence of the individual, communities, and humanity. A number of examples show how the speakers of worldview journalism use all texts, not only from the archives: we are talking about poetry, art, in general, about literature, which revealed the most truth. Figuratively speaking, it is not only about the world of borders, it is important to consider horizons. Turning information into a commodity, focusing on “seasonal” interest based on the materialism of facts, or the inadequacy of many concepts and categories, the faking of media, relativity, obscurity of texts, anti-culture, in other words, the revolution of nihilism inevitably relativizes the very essence of journalism. If creative life is a manifestation of the freedom of the spirit, based on authentic truth, then we should strive to achieve the “extension of vision”, to master combinatorial (combinative) thinking. The ability to think in this way differs from ordinary logic in which the main universal thing remains in the center of attention, and the personality is not lost in individual details. Consequently, we can build a genealogy of ordered things and concepts, feel their inner relationship. Key words: meaning, worldview, journalism, argument, influence, moral principles, creativity.