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Harvey, Erin 1965. "Attention and figure-ground organization." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291714.
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The influence of spatial attention location on figure-ground organization was assessed in an experiment in which a cued detection paradigm was paired with a figure-ground task. Viewers' fixation was held constant while a cued detection task directed their attention to a location in one of two regions within a figure-ground stimulus. Viewers were more likely to see a meaningless shape (low denotative region) as figure when spatial attention was allocated to that region than when it was allocated elsewhere. The location of spatial attention had no influence on whether or not a meaningful shape (high denotative region) was seen as figure. The results are discussed in terms of direct and indirect routes through which attention might influence figure-ground organization.
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Jones, Kevin William. "Grounded Figure: A Winery." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10047.
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The nature of figure-ground relationships and their potential for use as a tool for architectural composition was investigated through the design of a winery. Included in the winery were facilities accomodating both the production and consumption of wine. These programmatic elements were used as guides for the development of multiple figure-ground relationships at a variety of scales. In addition, the dialogue between different figures as well as the careful development of the backdrop surfaces were topics of study.
Several design strategies were employed to create relationships between figure elements and their backdrops, including the insertion of volumes into and through one another, the careful development of material and surface, and light. From this work, as well as previous projects, several key findings can now be articulated concerning the potential use of figure-ground relationships in the development of a work of architecture. These include the need to optimize the proportion of figure(s) relative to a given background and the key role that the disposition of figures relative to one another plays in the development of a meaningful figure-ground relationship.Master of Architecture
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Nordlund, Peter. "Figure-ground segmentation using multiple cues." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 1998. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs98/nord0615.pdf.
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Morley, Simon. "The Anadyomene Movement : metamorphics of figure-ground." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/354402/.
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‘Figure-ground’ is about the production of meaning based on the perception of contrasts or binary oppositions and segregations. Viewers of my paintings, and of the kind of paintings that interest me, have the impression that the ‘figure’ subsides or slips or fades into ‘ground’, or that the ‘ground’ is more powerful or dominant than the‘figure’, or that the ‘figure’ is insecurely attached, suggesting it is incapable, unwilling, too acquiescent or complicit to fully differentiate itself from the ‘ground’. I address flux, mutation, indistinctness and complementarity within the visual field of painting. I develop and extend the heuristic context for the interpretation of my studio practice and for work of a similar kind, and then feedback this new context into my practice in order to generate new works, also in the process shedding a new light on my interpretative models. Beyond this, I also make a more general argument for the re alignment of the relationship between art theory and practice - one that can better incorporate a sense of in between-ness, indistinctness or liminality. My approach is comparative: I look at East Asian art and ideas and, in particular, deploy the writings of the French Sinologist and philosopher François Jullien, in whose work there is the attempt to expand Western epistemology, ontology, semantics and aesthetics via a discussion of Chinese thought and aesthetics. Jullien proposes a paradigm that draws the ‘in-out’ respiratory rhythm or pulse within the perceptual field towards the centre of a theory of representation, a theory that seeks to account for consciousness from the ‘inside’ rather than the ‘outside’. The consequence of this relocation of agency is an interpretative framework that is firmly grounded in a nondualistic and holistic approach, foregrounding affect and empathetic relationships between artist and work, viewer and work, and self and the world. Traditional East Asian thought begins with similar premises to poststructuralism in the West: the ‘self’ is an illusion and the possibility of knowledge of reality independent of thought is dismissed as untenable because there is no objective reality accessible to us. Everything depends on the bias of the mind, rather than on anything we can identify as an innate attribute of reality itself, thus there is no escape from our lived experience, and we are profoundly limited by the interpretive knowledge of our mind; we are trapped within the ‘prison house of language’. But within the different recursive orientations that characterize ‘East’ and ‘West’ the interpretation and consequences of these insights are understood in quite different ways. I explore why this should be the case and what some of the consequences are, both theoretically through the written text and performatively through my studio work.
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Adamo, Stephen Hunter. "Semantic Suppression in Figure-Ground Perception and Binocular Rivalry." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146907.
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Figure-ground segregation occurs when one of two regions sharing a border is perceived as a shaped entity (a figure) and the other is perceived as a shapeless background to the figure. The mechanism of figure-ground perception is inhibitory competition. Peterson and Skow (2008) showed that a familiar configuration that loses the competition for figural status is not perceived consciously and is suppressed, at least at the level of categorical shape. A remaining question is whether the semantics of the familiar configuration are also accessed and suppressed. The present study investigates this question through binocular rivalry. Binocular rivalry occurs when separate images are simultaneously presented to the left and right eyes. Typically one dominates at any given moment, and awareness alternates back and forth between these two images. The image that is not perceived is suppressed (Wheatstone, 1838). The present experiments investigated how the suppression in figure-ground perception and the suppression in binocular rivalry interact. In one eye, subjects viewed a silhouette that initially dominated because a dynamic, colorful pattern was presented within the confines of the figure. In the other eye, participants viewed a word string either a word that named a familiar configuration or a non-word; the letter string was initially suppressed. Experiment 1 explored whether the time required for the letter string to reach awareness between a silhouette that had a hidden, familiar configuration on the ground side or a silhouette with a novel configuration on the ground. Experiment 2 observed the time required to make a lexical decision once the letter string arrived to awareness. Both experiments failed to yield evidence for an interaction between figure-ground and binocular rivalry suppression. This suggests that during binocular rivalry, a shape suppressed by figure-ground competition fails to interact with a word corresponding to the suppressed shape.
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Anderson, John A. E., M. Karl Healey, Lynn Hasher, and Mary A. Peterson. "Age-related deficits in inhibition in figure-ground assignment." ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/617415.
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We assessed age differences in the ability to resolve competition for figural status in stationary displays using small, enclosed, symmetrical silhouettes that participants classified as depicting "novel'' or "familiar'' shapes. The silhouettes were biased such that the inside was perceived as the shaped figure, and the outside was perceived as a shapeless ground. The critical manipulation was whether a portion of a meaningful object was suggested on the outside of the border of some of the novel silhouettes but not others M(+)Ground and M-Ground novel silhouettes, respectively). This manipulation was intended to induce greater inhibitory competition for figural status from the groundside in M(+)Ground silhouettes than M(-)Ground silhouettes. In previous studies, young adults classified M(+)Ground silhouettes as "novel'' faster than M(-)Ground silhouettes (Trujillo, Allen, Schnyer, & Peterson, 2010), suggesting that young adults may recruit more inhibition to resolve figure-ground when there is more competition. We replicated this effect with young adults in the present study, but older adults showed the opposite pattern and were less accurate in classifying M(+)Ground than M(-)Ground silhouettes. These results extend the evidence for inhibitory deficits in older adults to figure assignment in stationary displays. The (M(+)Ground - M(-)Ground) RT differences were evident in observers' longest responses, consistent with the hypothesis that inhibitory deficits are evident when the need for inhibition is substantial.
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Turner, Maureen Cassidy. "The Role of Working Memory in Bistable Figure-Ground Perception." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146696.
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There is a question of what cognitive resources underlie bistable figure-ground alternation. Figure-ground alternation is accomplished via inhibition. Research highlighting the role of inhibition in working memory processes point to the possible involvement of working memory in figure-ground alternation. We examined this issue by asking participants to simultaneously maintain a working memory load and indicate their perceptual reversals of figure-ground stimuli. Two separate types of working memory tasks were used, a verbal (multi-modal) task and a visual task. Concurrent visual working memory load caused perceptual alteration to speed, while verbal working memory load had no significant effect. This implies that working memory space is needed to maintain the current percept, while inhibition keeps the alternate interpretation from coming to dominance.
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Mon, Cheauharn. "FIGURE-GROUND SEGREGATION IN 4- AND 9-MONTH-OLD INFANTS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192522.
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Hoff, Amanda. "High fidelity musician's filters and auditory figure-ground performance in children." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2006/a%5Fhoff%5F071906.pdf.
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White, Hannah, Rachel Jubran, Alison Heck, Alyson Chroust, and Ramesh S. Bhatt. "The Role of Shape Recognition in Figure/Ground Perception in Infancy." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2729.
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In this study we sought to determine whether infants, like adults, utilize previous experience to guide figure/ground processing. After familiarization to a shape, 5-month-olds preferentially attended to the side of an ambiguous figure/ground test stimulus corresponding to that shape, suggesting that they were viewing that portion as the figure. Infants’ failure to exhibit this preference in a control condition in which both sides of the test stimulus were displayed as figures indicated that the results in the experimental condition were not due to a preference between two figure shapes. These findings demonstrate for the first time that figure/ground processing in infancy is sensitive to top-down influence. Thus, a critical aspect of figure/ground processing is functional early in life.
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Hanson, Phillip S. "Between flash and thunder: an investigation of the figure-ground dynamic." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1327598522.
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Lass, Jordan W., Patrick J. Bennett, Mary A. Peterson, and Allison B. Sekuler. "Effects of aging on figure-ground perception: Convexity context effects and competition resolution." ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623274.
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We examined age-related differences in figure-ground perception by exploring the effect of age on Convexity Context Effects (CCE; Peterson & Salvagio, 2008). Experiment 1, using Peterson and Salvagio's procedure and black and white stimuli consisting of 2 to 8 alternating concave and convex regions, established that older adults exhibited reduced CCEs compared to younger adults. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that this age difference was found at various stimulus durations and sizes. Experiment 4 compared CCEs obtained with achromatic stimuli, in which the alternating convex and concave regions were each all black or all white, and chromatic stimuli in which the concave regions were homogeneous in color but the convex regions varied in color. We found that the difference between CCEs measured with achromatic and colored stimuli was larger in older than in younger adults. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the senescent visual system is less able to resolve the competition among various perceptual interpretations of the figure-ground relations among stimulus regions.
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Maylor, Roger. "The morphosyntax of the German inseparable prefixes in a figure/ground framework." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4912/.
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niis study attempts a comprehensive analysis of the German so-called inseparable prefixes be-, ge-. er-, ver-, ent-. The framework Is Talmy's (1978) Figure/Ground distinction, in which a Figure is perceived as located or moving with respect to a frame of reference, the Ground. The pre-syntactic templates of X categories [Figure V [[±LOC] Ground]] and [Agent V Figure [[+LOC] Ground]]derive Das Heu war auf dem Wagen "The hay was on the cart' and Er bid Heu avf den Wagen ‘He loaded hay onto the cart'. The be- prefix and its inverse the ent- prefix are prepositional allomorphs which alternatively realize the feature (+LOC]. Foregrounding of [[+LOC] Ground]] causes the feature [+LOC] to be adjoined to the verb as the prefix be-: Er belud den Wagen mitt Heu 'He be-loaded the cart with hay’. The Figure argument may also be incorporated by substitution into the verb forming a denominal be- or ent-verb (bewaffnen 'be-weapon, arm', entwaffnen 'ent-arm, disarm'. Adjunction of [+LOC] and substitution of the Figure are according to Van Riemsdijk's (1998) Head Adjacency Principle for syntactic head movement A set of verb Classes is established according to whether the Figure and Ground arguments are VP-internal, subjects, or incorporated, thus rendering the traditional notions of 0-roles (Patient, Experiencer, theme. etc.) superfluous. I propose a crucial development of Talmas Figure/Ground distinction, the hidden’ Ground, whereby the Ground is the prior location or state of the Figure, hi tills case the prefixes are allomorphs of the change of state' P that 1 denote as (-*). On simplex verbs this feature means simply 'forth, onward', as in geleiten 'ge-lead, escort', bestehen 'be-stand, continue to exist', verführen 'ver-lead, tempt". The Figure N can substitute into a null V : The template [[ env ] N [ → Film ]] gives Er machte Hamlet zu einem Film He made Hamlet into a film'. The Ground is the prior state of Hamlet (not a film). The same template permits adjunction of (→) and substitution of Film into the null verb slot: [[ver-(_i) Film(_j) –en(_v) ] [ t(_i) t(_j) ]]. Thus. we get Er verfilmte Hamlet He filmed Hamlet'. Deadjectival prefixed verbs are of two types. The prefix er- alternatively realizes (→) with positive degree adjectives ( from not-A → A), ver- alternatively realizes the (→) that is the feature [COMPARATIVE]. Thus, erblassen 'er-pale' (from not-pale to pale) means '(suddenly) become pale', whereas verblassen 'ver-pale' (from pale to more-pale) means (gradually) fade, lose colour". The feature (←) on ent- is the inverse of [→) and denotes 'return to prior state", as in entfalten "ent-fold, unfold", entwaffnen "ent-weapon. disarm'. Connotations such as inchoative, pejorative, concealment that are associated with certain prefixes are accounted for by the underlying change of state template. Key concepts: Figure/Ground, inseparable prefix, incorporation, abstract feature, alternative realization. Locative Alternation. Dative Alternation, diachronic. morphological cases, prepositions.
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Trujillo, Logan Thomas. "Electrophysiological Correlates of the Influences of Past Experience on Conscious and Unconscious Figure-Ground Perception." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194981.
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Figure-ground perception can be modeled as a competitive process with mutual inhibition between shape properties on opposite sides of an edge. This dissertation reports brain-based evidence that such competitive inhibition can be induced by access to preexisting object memory representations during figure assignment. Silhouette stimuli were used in which the balance of properties along an edge biased the inner, bounded, region to be seen as a novel figure. Experimental silhouettes (EXP) suggested familiar objects on their outside edges, which nonetheless appeared as shapeless grounds. Control silhouettes (CON) suggested novel shapes on the outside.In an initial task, human observers categorized masked EXP and CON silhouettes (175 ms exposure) as "novel" versus a third group of silhouettes depicting "familiar" objects on the inside. Signal detection measures verified that observers were unconscious of the familiar shapes within the EXP stimuli. Across three experiments, novel categorizations were highly accurate with shorter RTs for EXP than CON. Event-related potential (ERP) indices of observers' brain activity (Experiments 2 and 3) revealed a Late Potential (~300 ms) to be less positive for EXP than CON, a reduction in neural activity consistent with the presence of greater competitive inhibition for EXP stimuli. After controlling for stimulus confounds (Experiment 3), the P1 ERP (~100 ms) was larger for EXP than CON conditions, perhaps reflecting unconscious access to object memories.In a second task, observers were informed about familiar shapes suggested on the outsides of the EXP silhouettes before viewing masked (Experiments 1 and 2) or unmasked (Experiment 3) EXP and CON silhouettes to report whether they saw familiar shapes on the outside. Experiment 3 observers were more accurate to categorize CON vs. EXP stimuli as novel vs. familiar, with shorter RTs for EXP than CON. Task 2 N170 ERPs (~170 ms) were larger for EXP than CON in Experiments 2 and 3, reflecting the conscious perception of familiar shape in the outsides of EXP silhouettes. LP magnitudes were greater for CON than EXP, although ERP polarity was dependent on the presence/absence of a mask. Task 2 LPs may reflect competitive inhibition or longer processing times for CON stimuli.
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Sanguinetti, Joseph LaCoste. "The Dynamics Of Perceptual Organization In The Human Visual System; Competition In Time." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333347.
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The visual system receives a series of fluctuating light patterns on the retina, yet visual perception is strikingly different from this unorganized and ambiguous input. Thus visual processes must organize the input into coherent units, or objects, and segregate them from others. These processes, collectively called perceptual organization, are fundamental to our ability to perceive and interact with objects in the world. Nevertheless, they are not yet understood, perhaps because serial, hierarchical assumptions that were long held impeded progress. In a series of experiments, this dissertation investigated the mechanisms that contribute to perceptual organization and ultimately to our ability to perceive objects. A new hypothesis is that during the course of object assignment potential objects on either side of a border are accessed on a fast pass of processing and engage in inhibitory competition for object status; the winner is perceived as the object and the loser is suppressed, leading that region to be seen as part of the shapeless background. Previous research suggested that at least shape level representations are accessed on the fast pass of processing before object assignment. In the first series of experiments (Chapter 1), we found that meaning (semantics) is also accessed on the fast pass of processing for regions that are ultimately perceived as shapeless grounds. This finding contradicts traditional feed-forward theories of perception that assumed that meaning is accessed only for figures after object assignment. The experiments in Chapter 2 examine activity in the alpha band of the EEG, which has been used as an index of inhibition. More alpha activity was observed when participants viewed stimuli designed such that there was more competition for figural status from the region ultimately perceived as the ground. The results support the proposal that inhibitory competition occurs during the course of object perception, and these results are the first online measure of competition during figure assignment. The final series of experiments (Chapter 3) investigated how quickly saccadic behaviors that required perceptual organization can be initiated. The experiments show that participants can initiate saccades that are based on perceptual organization approximately 200 ms after stimulus onset, much faster than was assumed on feed-forward models of perception. Collectively, these experiment support models of object perception that involve the mutual interaction and competition of objects properties via feedforward and iterative feedback processing, and the eventual suppression of the losing ground regions before object assignment.
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Peterson, Mary A., Andrew J. Mojica, Elizabeth Salvagio, and Ruth Kimchi. "Figural properties are prioritized for search under conditions of uncertainty: Setting boundary conditions on claims that figures automatically attract attention." SPRINGER, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622795.
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Nelson and Palmer (2007) concluded that figures/figural properties automatically attract attention, after they found that participants were faster to detect/discriminate targets appearing where a portion of a familiar object was suggested in an otherwise ambiguous display. We investigated whether these effects are truly automatic and whether they generalize to another figural property-convexity. We found that Nelson and Palmer's results do generalize to convexity, but only when participants are uncertain regarding when and where the target will appear. Dependence on uncertainty regarding target location/timing was also observed for familiarity. Thus, although we could replicate and extend Nelson and Palmer's results, our experiments showed that figures do not automatically draw attention. In addition, our research went beyond Nelson and Palmer's, in that we were able to separate figural properties from perceived figures. Because figural properties are regularities that predict where objects lie in the visual field, our results join other evidence that regularities in the environment can attract attention. More generally, our results are consistent with Bayesian theories in which priors are given more weight under conditions of uncertainty.
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Campbell, Elizabeth Marie Salvagio, and Elizabeth Marie Salvagio Campbell. "How do 5.5-month-old Infants Learn to Segment Objects from their Backgrounds?" Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623064.
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How do infants segment objects from the complex visual environment? Investigations of figure-ground perception have been dominated by studies assessing infants' sensitivity to depth and figure cues; few studies have assessed what information infants' use to perceive figures as separate from grounds. Research examining word segmentation suggests that statistical learning might aid segmentation in visual scenes. Despite the numerous studies investigating figure-ground segmentation, none have investigated the role of spatial transitional probabilities as a means for segmentation. To examine this question, we used a habituation/familiarity-preference procedure to assess whether background variability enables 5.5-month-old infants' perception of figures as separate from the background. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 indicated that statistical learning extends to scene segmentation, scene contexts allowed extraction of statistical distribution. Experiment 3 demonstrated that matching the configuration of visual arrays during training and test is essential; mismatched stimuli impede the measurement of segmentation.
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RAZ, DANNAH GECLEWICZ. "VISUAL PERCEPTION AND INFANT DEVELOPMENT: CAN INFANTS USE CONVEXITY AS A CUE FOR FIGURE/GROUND SEGREGATION." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192206.
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Torres, Bustamante Cesar, and cesar torres@rmit edu au. "From map to mapping: imaging active landscapes through." RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091029.094856.
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The research builds on and contributes to the representation in landscape, specifically the imaging of active landscapes. Current representational methodologies in landscape architecture have already defined various regimes for the mapping of landscapes. Most of these operate by portraying existing conditions that prioritize visual and formal qualities, displacing objects from their wider context and creating neutral artificialities. Although the discourse of representation has already emphasized the need for appropriate methodologies that engage more closely with the landscape, there has not been an examination and production of techniques that not only privilege the object but also encourage the imaginative conception of experiential phenomena unfolding over time. A convention such as the figure-ground plan is an idealized and dominant technique that expresses an existing condition, without references to evolution or change. This research provides additional insight into the depiction of events that develop over time by reconceptualising
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Cacciamani, Laura M. "Beyond Conscious Object Perception: Processing and Inhibition of the Groundside of a Figure." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332846.
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Object perception is necessary to our understanding of the visual world, yet its neural mechanism remains poorly understood. The goal of this dissertation is to shed light on this mechanism. Current computational models of object perception suggest that regions on opposite sides of a shared border compete, with the winner perceived as the shaped object and the loser as its locally shapeless background (or ground). Recent behavioral work indicates that the result of this competition is suppression of the ground at the level of object shape--a finding not predicted by models. Here, I present three studies that extend this previous research on ground suppression as a mechanism by which object perception is accomplished. I first show that the amount of suppression applied to the ground depends on the amount of competition for object status (Salvagio, Cacciamani, & Peterson, 2012). I then provide the first neural evidence of ground suppression from shape-level competition at both high and low levels of the visual hierarchy, with the latter arising from top-down feedback (Cacciamani, Scalf, & Peterson, submitted). Finally, I show that semantic information pertaining to the ground is accessed prior to the assignment of object status, but unlike shape information, is not suppressed (Cacciamani, Mojica, Sanguinetti, & Peterson, 2014). Together, the three studies that comprise this dissertation demonstrate that ground suppression arising from shape-level competition underlies object perception. This research contradicts traditional theories stating that objects are processed unidirectionally through the visual system in a single feedforward pass; instead, it supports theories of object perception entailing dynamical feedforward and feedback processes.
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Barnes, Timothy. "Visual depth perception from texture accretion and deletion: a neural model of figure-ground segregation and occlusion." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31504.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Freezing is an effective defense strategy for some prey, because their predators rely on visual motion to distinguish objects from their surroundings. An object moving over a background progressively covers (deletes) and uncovers (accretes) background texture while simultaneously producing discontinuities in the optic flow field. These events unambiguously specify kinetic occlusion and can produce a crisp edge, depth perception, and figure-ground segregation between identically textured surfaces -- percepts which all disappear without motion. Given two abutting regions of uniform random texture with different motion velocities, one region will appear to be situated farther away and behind the other (i.e., the ground), if its texture is accreted or deleted at the boundary between the regions, irrespective of region and boundary velocities. Consequently, a region with moving texture appears farther away than a stationary region if the boundary is stationary, but it appears closer (i.e. the figure) if the boundary is moving coherently with the moving texture. The perception of kinetic occlusion requires the detection of an unexpected onset or offset of otherwise predictably moving or stationary contrast patches. A computational model of directional selectivity in visual cells is here extended to also detect motion onsets and offsets. The connectivity of these model cells not only affords the detection of local texture accretion and deletion events but also explains results showing that human reaction times differ for motion onsets versus offsets. These theorized cells are placed into a larger computational model of visual areas V1 and V2 to show how interactions between orientation- and direction-selective cells first create a motion-defined boundary and then signal texture accretion or deletion at that boundary. A weak speed-depth bias brings faster-moving texture regions forward in depth. This is consistent with percepts: the faster of two surfaces appears closer when moving parallel to the resulting emergent boundary between them (shearing motion). Activation of model occlusion detectors tuned to a particular velocity results in the model assigning the adjacent surface with a matching velocity to the far depth. These processes together reproduce human psychophysical reports of depth ordering for a representative set of all kinetic occlusion displays.
2031-01-01
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Sanguinetti, Joseph L., and Mary A. Peterson. "A behavioral task sets an upper bound on the time required to access object memories before object segregation." ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622756.
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Traditional theories of vision assume that object segregation occurs before access to object memories. Yet, behavioral evidence shows that familiar configuration is a prior for segregation, and electrophysiological experiments demonstrate these memories are accessed rapidly. A behavioral index of the speed of access is lacking, however. Here we asked how quickly behavior is influenced by object memories that are accessed in the course of object segregation. We investigated whether access to object memories on the groundside of a border can slow behavior during a rapid categorization task. Participants viewed two silhouettes that depicted a real-world and a novel object. Their task was to saccade toward the real-world object as quickly as possible. Half of the nontarget novel objects were ambiguous in that a portion of a real-world object was suggested, but not consciously perceived, on the groundside of their borders. The rest of the nontargets were unambiguous. We tested whether saccadic reaction times were perturbed by the real-world objects suggested on the groundside of ambiguous novel silhouettes. In Experiments 1 and 2, saccadic reaction times were slowed when nontargets were ambiguous rather than unambiguous. Experiment 2 set an upper limit of 190 ms on the time required for object memories in grounds to influence behavior. Experiment 3 ruled out factors that could have produced longer latencies other than access to object memories. These results provide the first behavioral index of how quickly memories of objects suggested in grounds can influence behavior, placing the upper limit at 190 ms.
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Anand, Vivek. "A house of twelve compartments." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54879.
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Goksun-Yoruk, Tilbe. "The 'Who' and 'Where' of Events: Infants' Processing of Figures and Grounds in Events." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/100828.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Learning relational terms such as verbs and prepositions is fundamental to language development. To learn relational words, children must first dissect and process dynamic event components, and then uncover how the particular language they are learning encodes these constructs. Building on a new area of research, this dissertation investigated two event components, figure (i.e., the moving entity) and ground (i.e., the stationary setting) that are central to learning relational words. In particular, we examine how English- and Japanese-reared infants process figures and grounds in nonlinguistic events and how language learning interacts with their conceptualization of these constructs. Four studies were designed to probe our questions. Study 1 examined English-reared infants' ability to form nonnative ground categories encoded only in Japanese. For example, "crossing a road," which extends in a line and is bounded, is expressed differently than "crossing a field" that extends in a plane and is unbounded. We found that infants can detect the geometry of the ground and form a nonnative ground category. Study 2 indicated that the path of an action plays a role in construing these categorical ground distinctions such that without the bounded paths infants do not differentiate between grounds. Study 3 demonstrated that even though infants notice figures and grounds in static representations of the dynamic events (even earlier for the ground discrimination), the Japanese categorical ground differentiation no longer emerged. In the last set of studies, we showed that despite the sensitivity to the event structure and categorical ground distinctions in dynamic events by both English- and Japanese-reared infants (Study 4a), only Japanese toddlers retained these categorical distinctions (Study 4b). Overall, these results suggest that 1) infants distinguish between figures and grounds in events with differential attention to static and dynamic displays; 2) before learning much about their native language infants form nonnative event categories; and 3) the process of learning language appears to shift earlier formed categorical boundaries.
Temple University--Theses
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Ocazionez, Sergio Andr?s Conde. "The influence of visual inter-hemispheric connections on spiking, assembly and LFP activities, and their phase relationship during figure-ground stimulation." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17032.
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Desde os descobrimentos pioneiros de Hubel e Wiesel acumulou-se uma vasta literatura descrevendo as respostas neuronais do c?rtex visual prim?rio (V1) a diferentes est?mulos visuais. Estes est?mulos consistem principalmente em barras em movimento, pontos ou grades, que s?o ?teis para explorar as respostas dentro do campo receptivo cl?ssico (CRF do ingl?s classical receptive field) a caracter?sticas b?sicas dos est?mulos visuais como a orienta??o, dire??o de movimento, contraste, entre outras. Entretanto, nas ?ltimas duas d?cadas, tornou-se cada vez mais evidente que a atividade de neur?nios em V1 pode ser modulada por est?mulos fora do CRF. Desta forma, ?reas visuais prim?rias poderiam estar envolvidas em fun??es visuais mais complexas como, por exemplo, a separa??o de um objeto ou figura do seu fundo (segrega??o figura-fundo) e assume-se que as conex?es intr?nsecas de longo alcance em V1, assim como as conex?es de ?reas visuais superiores, est?o ativamente envolvidas neste processo. Sua poss?vel fun??o foi inferida a partir da an?lise das varia??es das respostas induzidas por um est?mulo localizado fora do CRF de neur?nios individuais. Mesmo sendo muito prov?vel que estas conex?es tenham tamb?m um impacto tanto na atividade conjunta de neur?nios envolvidos no processamento da figura quanto no potencial de campo, estas quest?es permanecem pouco estudadas. Visando examinar a modula??o do contexto visual nessas atividades, coletamos potenciais de a??o e potenciais de campo em paralelo de at? 48 eletrodos implantados na ?rea visual prim?ria de gatos anestesiados. Estimulamos com grades compostas e cenas naturais, focando-nos na atividade de neur?nios cujo CRF estava situado na figura. Da mesma forma, visando examinar a influ?ncia das conex?es laterais, o sinal proveniente da ?rea visual isot?pica e contralateral foi removido atrav?s da desativa??o revers?vel por resfriamento. Fizemos isso devido a: i) as conex?es laterais intr?nsecas n?o podem ser facilmente manipuladas sem afetar diretamente os sinais que est?o sendo medidos, ii) as conex?es inter-hemisf?ricas compartilham as principais caracter?sticas anat?micas com a rede lateral intr?nseca e podem ser vistas como uma continua??o funcional das mesmas entre os dois hemisf?rios e iii) o resfriamento desativa as conex?es de forma causal e revers?vel, silenciando temporariamente seu sinal, permitindo conclus?es diretas a respeito da sua contribui??o. Nossos resultados demonstram que o mecanismo de segmenta??o figurafundo se reflete nas taxas de disparo de neur?nios individuais, assim como na pot?ncia do potencial de campo e na rela??o entre sua fase e os padr?es de disparo produzidos pela popula??o. Al?m disso, as conex?es laterais inter-hemisf?ricas modulam estas vari?veis dependendo da estimula??o feita fora do CRF. Observamos tamb?m uma influ?ncia deste circuito lateral na coer?ncia entre potenciais de campo entre eletrodos distantes. Em conclus?o, nossos resultados d?o suporte ? ideia de um mecanismo complexo de segmenta??o figura-fundo atuando desde as ?reas visuais prim?rias em diferentes escalas de frequ?ncia. Esse mecanismo parece envolver grupos de neur?nios ativos sincronicamente e dependentes da fase do potencial de campo. Nossos resultados tamb?m s?o compat?veis com a hip?tese que conex?es laterais de longo alcance tamb?m fazem parte deste mecanismo
Since Hubel and Wiesel s pioneer finding a vast body of literature has accumulated describing neuronal responses in the primary visual cortex (V1) to different visual stimuli. These stimuli mainly consisted of moving bars, dots or gratings which served to explore the responses to basic visual features such as orientation, direction of motion or contrast, among others, within a classical receptive field (CRF). However, in the last two decades it became increasingly evident that the activity of V1 neurons can be modulated by stimulation outside their CRF. Thus, early visual areas might be already involved in more complex visual tasks like, for example, the segmentation of an object or a figure from its (back)-ground. It is assumed that intrinsic long-range horizontal connections within V1 as well as feedback connections from higher visual areas are actively involved in the figure-ground segmentation process. Their possible role has been inferred from the analysis of the spike rate variations induced by stimuli placed outside the CRF of single neurons. Although it is very likely that those connections also have an impact on the joined activity of neurons involved in processing the figure and on their local field potentials (LFP), these issues remain understudied. In order to examine the context-dependent modulation of those activities, we recorded spikes and LFPs in parallel from up to 48 electrodes in the primary visual cortex of anesthetized cats. We stimulated with composite grating and natural scene stimuli focusing on populations of neurons whose CRFs were situated on the foreground figure. In addition, in order to examine the influence of horizontal connections we removed the inter-hemispheric input of the isotopic contralateral visual areas by means of reversible cooling deactivation. We did so because i) the intrinsic horizontal connections cannot be easily manipulated without directly affecting the measured signals, ii) because inter-hemispheric connections share the major anatomical features with the intrinsic lateral network and can be seen as a functional continuation of the latter across the two hemispheres and iii) because cooling causally and reversibly deactivates input connections by temporarily silencing the sending neurons and thus enables direct conclusions on their contribution. Our results demonstrate that the figure-ground segmentation mechanism is reflected in the spike rate of single neurons, as well as in their LFP power and its phase-relationship to the spike patterns produced by the population. In addition "lateral" inter-hemispheric connections modulate spike rates and LFP power depending on the stimulation of the neurons CRF surround. Further, we observe an influence of this lateral circuit on field- field coherences between remote recording sites. In conclusion, our findings support the idea of complex figure-ground segmentation mechanism acting already in early visual areas on different time scales. This mechanism seems to involve groups of neurons firing synchronously and dependent on the LFP s phase. Our results are also compatible with the hypothesis that long-range lateral connections contribute to that mechanism
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Griswold, Emily K. "Comparison of Jump Landings in Figure Skaters While Barefoot and Wearing Skates." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1490346788544816.
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Yang, Weilu. "Moments of Absence Phenomenology of Perception in Representing the Absent Moments." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1397737336.
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Kuzlu, Emre. "On The Concept Of." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604996/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims at explaining the significance of the &ldquofield&rdquo
concept in contemporary architecture and urbanism, in reference to the technical definitions of the term in different disciplines. In this context, it investigates the concepts of &ldquo
field&rdquo
in physics, psychology, art theory and criticism. It highlights the reinterpretation of the &ldquo
field&rdquo
concept in physics by eminent Gestalt psychologists, and its consequences for architecture and urbanism. Starting from the definitions of the concept of &ldquo
field&rdquo
by Kurt Koffka and Kurt Lewin, and from the Gestalt Theory that constitutes the basis of these definitions, it brings into discussion a group of related notions that have been employed in art and architectural theory and criticism: &ldquo
psychophysical field,&rdquo
&ldquo
psychological life space,&rdquo
&ldquo
figure-ground,&rdquo
&ldquo
figure-field,&rdquo
and &ldquo
field-field.&rdquo
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Aitken, Susan J. "The effect of intention and repetition on the formation of visual long-term feature conjunctions in the figure-ground stimuli of the unitisation effect." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654972.
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How do we remember the features associated with an object? The key aim of this series of studies was to investigate the role of intention and repetition on visual long-term representations of feature conjunctions, and whether this was object or feature-based. In other words, can features be conjoined without the intention to do so during one presentation, or is more than one presentation needed and is this conjunction mediated by objectness? The unitisation paradigm was chosen to investigate binding and intention, as earlier work had reliably demonstrated ./ feature binding mediated via objectness. Unitary stimuli (features associated in one object) and non-unitary stimuli (features associated with different objects) can be used to show that even when features are perceptually at the same location in the 2D picture plane, they are conjoined more easily in memory if they appear to belong to the same objects. Inprevious studies employing these stimuli, the role of intention was not closely monitored,or examined in detail, and the effect of repetition wasn't looked at all. The basic methodology employed was that of a 2D mental rotation task, followed by a surprise one-from-four recognition test. The results indicated that when no conscious intention to remember the feature conjunction was employed, participants required more than one presentation of stimuli in order to reliably conjoin features in long-term visual memory. Features from unitary stimuli were recognised more often than those from non-unitary stimuli, replicating previous studies into the unitisation effect and demonstrating a clear object-based effect. Interestingly, not all features produced equal levels of performance. Colour-fonn stimuli showed the strongest and clearest demonstration, pattern-form was less strong and brightness/grey-form conjunction memOlY was weaker still. Analysis suggested that there was som.et.h, ing different about brightness, in that there was no automatic encoding of the feature conjunctions. It was concluded that feature conjunction was mediated via objectness with the proviso that with unintentional encoding stimuli must be presented more than once.
30
Chapman, James M. "My Trip to Notan." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/101.
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My Trip to Notan charts my own journey from the rawness and acceptance of multiple life losses into understanding, and finally, renewal. The key result of this project is a prototype book, a 48-page digital Print-On-Demand (POD) publication, which also includes a DVD that inserts into book’s back and features live demonstrations, interviews and other segments related to the book. Additionally, the body of work from which the book was gleaned was presented at the thesis exhibition. Ultimately, My Trip to Notan is a sketch of my understanding of the framework that threads through design, physics and philosophy, inspired by the simplicity of the ancient art of Notan, and upon my own fragmentary observations gathered from the journey. My hope was to reveal some sense of the pulse that drives the inquiry, rather than the suggestion of any sort of destination.
31
Lee, Yu-Jen. "Motion Vision Processing in Fly Lobula Plate Tangential Cells." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fysiologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-220915.
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Flies are highly visually guided animals. In this thesis, I have used hoverflies as a model for studying motion vision. Flies process motion vision in three visual ganglia: the lamina, the medulla, and the lobula complex. In the posterior part of lobula complex, there are around 60 lobula plate tangential cells (LPTCs). Most of LPTCs have large receptive fields where the local direction sensitivity suggests that they function as matched filters to specific types of optic flow. LPTCs connect to descending or neck motor neurons that control wing and head movements, respectively. Therefore, in this thesis I have focused on the electrophysiological responses of LPTCs to gain understanding of visual behaviors in flies. The elementary motion detector (EMD) is a model that can explain the formation of local motion sensitivity. However, responses to higher order motion, where the direction of luminance change is uncorrelated with the direction of movement, cannot be predicted by classic EMDs. Nevertheless, behavior shows that flies can see and track bars with higher order motion cues. I showed (Paper I) that several LPTCs also respond to higher order motion. Many insects, including flies, release octopamine during flight. Therefore, adding octopamine receptor agonists can mimic physical activity. Our study (Paper II) investigated the effect of octopamine on three adaptation components. We found that the contrast gain reduction showed a frequency dependent increase after octopamine stimulation. Since the contrast gain is non-directional, it is likely presynaptic to the LPTC. We therefore believe that octopamine acts on the delay filter in the EMD. In the third paper we describe a novel LPTC. The centrifugal stationary inhibited flicker excited (cSIFE) is excited by flicker and inhibited by stationary patterns. Neither of these responses can be predicted by EMD models. Therefore, we provide a new type of motion detector that can explain cSIFE’s responses (Paper III). During bar tracking, self-generated optic flow may counteract the steering effect by inducing a contradictory optomotor response. Behavior shows that during bar fixation, flies ignore background optic flow. Our study (Paper IV) focus on the different receptive fields of two LPTCs, and relate these to the bar fixation behavior. In the neuron with a small and fronto-dorsal receptive field, we find a higher correlation with bar motion than with background motion. In contrast, the neuron with a larger receptive field shows a higher correlation with background motion.
32
Saunders, Nathan William. "Efficacy of a 6-week Neuromuscular Training Program for Improving Postural Control in Figure Skaters." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1305044478.
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Wolmar, Gordon. "Gotiska verbalprefix som markörer av särdraget State or Change of State : En förberedande undersökning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-256002.
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Uppsatsen har undersökt de gotiska verbalprefixen med utgångspunkt i att de ingår i ett system, i vilket prefixen hör hemma på olika positioner före verbets stam. Syftet har varit att fastställa, om någon av dessa positioner har varit avsedd för prefix bärande särdraget State or Change of State, som inom det teoretiska ramverket Lexical Template Morphology antas bära tre variabler. Materialet har bestått av belagda kombinationer av preverbala element, samtliga påträffade förekomster av verb på miþ- och dis-, samt stickprov av verb på ana- och us-. Genom en i huvudsak morfologisk analys har fem preverbala positioner i en ordbildningsmall föreslagits, här från det yttersta till det innersta kallade P5–P1. Den semantiska undersökningen visar att P5–P3 markerar medfölje, centrum-periferi-orientering respektive polaritet. För prefix hörande till P2–P1 har de excerperade satserna med dis-, ana- och us- analyserats med avseende på de semantiska rollerna figur och grund. Prefixet dis- har kunnat ges en ny definition, vilken förklarar 31 av dess 32 förekomster. Undersökningen visar, att de tre variablerna i State or Change of State kan vara fördelade över P2–P1, samt att rollerna figur och grund är av betydelse i sökandet efter de gotiska verbalprefixens funktioner.
34
Holton, Carolyn F. "The impact of computer mediated communication systems monitoring on organizational communications content." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002440.
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Dewey, Ryan. "A Sense of Space: Conceptualization in Wayfinding and Navigation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1339097784.
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Vera, Pena Fernanda Ximena. "Figure and ground: prominence view in locative relations rendered by prepositions 'in,' 'on,' 'at, 'to,' and 'over' depicted in written text taken from the section 'letter from' from the British online newspaper 'The Guardian'." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/117200.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Lingüística mención Lengua InglesaAmong the abilities that human mind has, there is the one of perceiving prominent objects because of its shape, color, or any other characteristic that could call our attention according to the context. In this thesis, what is intended to be demonstrated is that what our mind is able to segregate can be verbalized by means of using the language. The linguistic devices analyzed in this research are prepositions of place (in, on, at, to and over) and the locative relations established between the connections that they provide are observed and described in order to demonstrate how human mind works in order to organize things, people and places in the space. The corpus of this research was elaborated with 12 letters taken from the section ‗Letters from‘ from the weekly online version of a British newspaper called ‗The Guardian‘. The letters were divided into sentences that contained prepositions in, on, at, to and over which depicted locative relations. After going through the analysis, the results demonstrated that the prepositions play a key role when establishing the prominence of an entity since they are in charge of positioning one entity (figure) as the focus of attention in relation to other entity (ground). Each preposition plays a different role depending on the context they are set and the meaning that the writer wants to depict.
37
Mao, Catherine. "La bande dessinée autobiographique francophone (1982-2013) : Transgression, hybridation, lyrisme." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040091/document.
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Apparue aux États-Unis dans les années 70, la bande dessinée autobiographique s’est épanouie plus tardivement en France : très consciente d’elle-même, elle s’est structurée dans les années 90 d’un point de vue collectif et éditorial et s’est révélée en cela pleinement structurante. Cette alliance n’allait pourtant pas de soi puisqu’elle semble rompre par nature avec d’autres formes du neuvième art, à commencer par l’aventure, la science-fiction ou le divertissement, autrement dit avec ce qui constitue parfois dans l’imaginaire commun la vocation même de la bande dessinée. L’écriture de soi semble donc fournir de manière spontanée les outils d’un décloisonnement : la transgression, l’hybridation et le lyrisme apparaissent comme trois modalités d’ouverture de l’espace traditionnel du neuvième art. À la recherche de nouveaux équilibres créatifs, l’auteur s’est notamment confronté à l’épineuse question de l’autoportrait. Traditionnellement art du personnage, la bande dessinée force le dessinateur à résoudre des équations qui semblent a priori insolubles et à inventer des ruses qu’il nous revient de décrire : l’autoportrait s’hybride avec l’autoreprésentation, l’identité avec l’altérité, le réel avec la fiction. C’est tout un changement de paradigme que la bande dessinée autobiographique introduit dans l’ordre de la représentation et de la narration : de ce point de vue, elle offre un fil conducteur permettant de traverser l’histoire et la modernité du neuvième artBorn in USA during the 70's, autobiographical comics blossomed later in France : endowed with a strong self consciousness, it happened to be structured from a collective or editorial point of view in the 90's. This syncretic genre wasn't obvious a priori, because it seems to originate in itself a failure with other forms of the ninth art, especially adventures, science-fiction or entertainment, in other terms with what stands for comic strips purposes in most people mind. The writing of the self may provide spontaneously tools for an opening up : breaking, hybridization and lyrism appear to be three ways to enlarge the traditional area of comic strips. Searching for new creative balances, the author has studied the vexed topic of self-portrait. Usually considered as the art of character, comic strips enforce the art cartoonist to solve equations that first seem insoluble and to invent tricks that we owe to describe : self-portrait hybridizes with representation of the self, identity with otherness, reality with fiction. And that is because autobiographical comic strips introduces a whole change of paradigm in the order of representation and narration : from this point of view, autobiography offers a thread allowing to travel all over history and modernity of the ninth art
38
Guga, Jeff M. "A dynamic figure ground." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/13838.
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The question this thesis explores is what could the relationship be between subject, the participant, and object, architectural form, other than fixed. This question arises from a consideration of the relative value of the perceptual field within aesthetic events. Alternative methods of interpreting the figure-ground relationship can cause a break in the definition of observer and object as static entities. Twentieth century painting and sculpture have challenged the conception of a stable figure-ground relationship in favor of a dynamic view. Increasingly within this view the subject has been called upon to become a part of the composition, through the involvement of perception as an integral part of the aesthetic event and/or by the subject becoming part of the event. Underlying this question is the notion that when the cognitive is actively engaged with the physical, the possibility exists of creating an autonomy for subject and object. Autonomy is coincident with a freedom, an enablement, based not solely on an emotional connection through metaphor but one based on the virtual.
39
Subirana-Vilanova, J. Brian, and Whitman Richards. "Perceptual Organization, Figure-Ground, Attention and Saliency." 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/6529.
Full textAbstract:
Notions of figure-ground, inside-outside are difficult to define in a computational sense, yet seem intuitively meaningful. We propose that "figure" is an attention-directed region of visual information processing, and has a non-discrete boundary. Associated with "figure" is a coordinate frame and a "frame curve" which helps initiate the shape recognition process by selecting and grouping convex image chunks for later matching- to-model. We show that human perception is biased to see chunks outside the frame as more salient than those inside. Specific tasks, however, can reverse this bias. Near/far, top/bottom and expansion/contraction also behave similarly.
40
Yin, Zhaozheng Collins Robert. "Persistent object tracking by figure-ground segmentation." 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4270/index.html.
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Simon, Holly. "Between Figure and Ground: Articulating Heterotopia in the Suburban Paradox." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/21462.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis focuses on exploring figure-ground within the
amorphous suburban green space of Calgary, Alberta. It
is an edgeless prairie city, flooded with unused space and
tethered by freeways that stretch toward the infinite horizon
beyond the mountains. The incessant need to own and parcel
nature has created a landscape of excess where both
city and nature are a blur at the edge of our distracted vision.
Using expanded defi nitions of figure-ground as a design
methodology, this thesis attempts to better understand
this paradox and to act in its middle ground. Articulating a
heterotopia between the ideal with the real, the public and
the private, the natural and the artificial, this thesis explores
a new imaginative space, delicately but firmly tethered to
suburban ground and its elusive horizon. The results manifest
in unexpected geometries on a thin strip of park between
a backyard and a freeway in Calgary.
42
Chang, Ssu-chien, and 張絲茜. "A Study of figure-ground perception in Chinese typography design." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50653961867275968705.
Full textAbstract:
碩士朝陽科技大學
工業設計系碩士班
101
Applying figure-ground perception to Chinese typography design is a way that makes connection between character strokes, and further reverses its perceived hollow/full spatiality. This kind of typography design conveys the meaning of the character, while at the same time brings attractiveness to the design. Figure-ground illustrations that are originally admired for its graphic presentations became more intriguing because of the distinguishing feature of Chinese characters. This paper reviewed cases of Chinese typography design and figure-ground perception, sorted out their correlativity, and generalized several ways of applying figure-ground perception to Chinese typography design. In this paper, we found that “strokes of the characters” and “combination of shape” are the two critical elements of applying figure-ground perception to Chinese typography design. Furthermore, there are four general methods to correlate the two, including “strokes connecting between characters”, “characters deconstructing and surrounding”, “strokes sharing and reversing”, and “perspective stroke contours and reversing”. These methods can be adopted as the basic design concept, and further apply to posters, identification products and T-shirts. While making actual designs, we faced difficulties and limitations of applying figure-ground perception to Chinese typography design. We concluded that the character should be appropriately chosen to carry out the theme; also, the graphic shouldn’t be too complicated to steal the visual focus of the characters; last but not least, the design should be presenting both the full structure of a Chinese character and the idea of figure-ground perception.
43
Kim, Sung-Ho. "Globally inconsistent figure/ground relations induced by a negative part." 2009. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000052253.
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Huang, Zhi-Wei, and 黃至偉. "Unsupervised Figure-ground Segmentation Using Object Proposals and Saliency Detection." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55pq94.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
資訊工程學系所
105
In recent years, figure-ground segmentation has been a popular research topic in a number of different types of image segmentation methods. The goal of the figure-ground segmentation is to divide an image into two regions, which are foreground and background. There are many methods which have been proposed for solving figure-ground segmentation problems, but these methods are usually supervised approaches. In other words, the procedures of those methods need some interactions of users. It makes those methods unfavorable. Also, there are some disadvantages in traditional unsupervised image segmentation methods. In this thesis, we propose an unsupervised figure-ground segmentation method based on an object proposal generation algorithm to generate a small number of regions in an image, such that each object is well-represented by at least one region. Then, we combine the saliency map which measures the saliency likelihood of the image, color information, and gradient information to construct an objective function for the situation that only single foreground object exists in an image. Otherwise, the objective function is combined with an overlap constraint to handle the situation that multiple foreground objects appear in an image. Then we use a simple and efficient optimization method to get the initial object-wise segmentation results, and then refine the results by using pixel-wise graph cut. Comparing to other unsupervised figure-ground segmentation approaches, our method in MSRA-1000 database can get good experimental results.
45
"A void building: figure-ground reversal see street as building." 2000. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890232.
Full textAbstract:
V. 1. Understand an issue -- v. 2. Program -- v. 3. Design story book.Ng Wai Mui Cathy.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1999-2000, design report."
V.1 & 2 in double-leaf format with size in 22 cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
Different views about street
Synopsis
My Methodology --- p.1/
Understand an issue
Mutually Relationship: Street and Building Envelope --- p.6/
Meaning to street --- p.8/
Role of street: parallel with music --- p.10/
Role of street: parallel with river --- p.12/
Role of street: city image --- p.14/
An issue: Reasons --- p.15/
An issue: By Observation --- p.16/
Hong Kong Street: Past and Present --- p.18/
Hong Kong Street: Street Control --- p.24/
Street comparison with Renaissance --- p.26/
A Lesson from History --- p.28/
Street Analysis: Mutually relationship between Building and Street
Relationship between Building and Street --- p.30/
Case comparison between linear and twisting Street --- p.31/
Street Compoments --- p.33/
Street Comparison on building openings --- p.35/
Precedent Study --- p.38/
46
Hsueh, Lie Yun, and 薛烈昀. "Unsupervised Figure-ground Segmentation using Saliency Detection and Boundary Detection." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89052677146002854971.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
資訊工程學系
103
Image segmentation is an essential and challenging problem in computer vision and image processing. Figure-ground segmentation is one of image segmentation that separate image into two labels, which are foreground and background. It can be used in object detection or many other applications. Recently, a lot of methods have been proposed for solving figure-ground segmentation problems. However, most of them are supervised approaches. In other words, the procedures of those methods need some interactions of users. It makes those methods unfavorable. Also, there are some disadvantage in traditional unsupervised image segmentation methods. We proposed an unsupervised figure-ground approach. It uses the saliency detection method to indicate the position of the foreground, and use the boundary detection method to obtain a suitable threshold for image segmentation automatically. According to our experiment results, our method does not need user interaction and performs well compared with the previous saliency-based segmentation method for segmentation of iCoseg dataset and MSRA-1000 dataset.
47
Li, Cheng-Shiang, and 李誠祥. "Figure-Ground Separation based on Mean Shift and Divergence Computation." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16963105750565295074.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
資訊工程系
98
Figure-ground separation is an important process that separates the contours between regions as figure and ground in human vision. This process organizes the visual information and help people recognize the layer about objects in the image. In this paper, we proposed a new computing method with mean shift algo- rithm and divergence computation. This approach bases on the convexity and surroundedness cues and measures the vector distribution with mean shift. Finally we determine the figure-ground labels with divergence com- puted from vector distribution nearby the contours. In addition, we test our method with synthesis image, nature image and Berkeley Figure/Ground Dataset to show that this approach is not only effective on simple geometric shape but also on the nature images.
48
Pe-KeiChen and 陳佩可. "Figure-Ground Images Generation using Contour Matching and Rigid Shape Deformation." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09431140322637850264.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
資訊工程學系碩博士班
100
Figure-ground perception refers to a perceptual experience of assigning a contour to one of the two adjacent regions and that region, the figure, has a definite shape while the other region, the ground, appears shapeless and continue behind the figure. Visual cues that associate with figure assignment process including low-level geometric and high-level semantic properties have been extensively studies in computer vision and psychology. Ambiguous figure-ground perception is a special phenomena by which adjacent regions in a image compete with each other in terms of visual cues such that viewers could switch the perceived figure among regions in any moment. In this thesis, we present a technique to generate images with ambiguous figure-ground perception. Our algorithm is designed so that two input regions manually labeled as figure and ground are registered locally along a shared contour. Then two geometric properties, namely convexity and area, are adjusted to balance the competition in between figure and ground regions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique using a large number of visually promising ambiguous figure-ground images.
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Tsai, Nian-Ying, and 蔡念穎. "A Machine Learning Figure-ground Segmentation Method Based on Cooperative Game." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21273851277203500688.
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碩士國立清華大學
資訊工程學系
101
Image segmentation is an important and challenging task in image processing, and it is widely discussed in recent years. The main goal of figure-ground image segmentation is to separate foreground objects from their background. But, it is not a simple task to defining the foreground object sections from background in an image. Before, figure-ground segmentation has been addressed successfully by interactive segmentation works. However, it is not an ideal method in accuracy and convenience. Unlike previous methods, in this paper, we present a novel method for figure-ground segmentation with machine learning Mechanism (SVM classifier) to separate the foreground objects from background. Furthermore, in order to improve the accuracy of figure-ground segmentation, we also use a cooperative game theory which proposed by Lloyd Shapley to estimate the weight of image features in the training step. In this game, each image feature represents a rational player, and the weight of image features represents the contribution of each player. According to our experiment result, our approach obtains very competitive results on Oxford Flowers 17 and Caltech-UCSD Birds-200 data sets in comparison with other state-of-the-art techniques.
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Wood, Clifford. "The influence of figure and ground on visual scanning behavior in cartographic context." 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/28918046.html.
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